Olszakportfolio2

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Ancoats Re:[create] 3xd Re:[connect]

_msa [M]aciej [O]lszak Supervisor: [D]ragana [O]pacic


2 3 5 6 8 9 10 12 16 32 34

0|[Table]_of_content

[Table]

0|[Table]_of_content 1| [Territory]Analysis 2| [Theoretical]Position 3|[Re:programming]Ancaots 4|[Site]Analysis 5|[Concept] Development 6|[Design]Development 7|[Context]Presentation 8|[Building]Presentation 9|[External]Works 10|[Biblio]graphy

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[Analysed Territory] Ancoats has become reliant on forces of economy and policy. These forces have changed the function of the city, from a place of the people to one of the corporation. These forces have removed themselves from the city, leaving behind an urban void and unfinished development. The district of Ancoats has been affected by the constant change and progression of the modern world: industrialisation, emergent markets, economic downturn, migration, policy changes. Ancoats must be defined not only as post-industrial site, but post-catalyst: where the development proposed by Urban Splash and Alsop worsen the situation. It is clearly visible that the decline in industry has torn the life out of a once vibrant district of resulting in loss of vitality and meaning within Ancoats. ts

a co

An

[Relativity] The most significant aspects that influence current state of Ancoats are all interconnected. Social, economical and environmental issues are dependant on each other. What implies, one cannot alter one layer of the urban realm without having impact on other layers. Analysis showed there cannot be a vibrant and dynamic district without vibrancy and dynamism in its activities, society and environment. x x

1|[Territory]Analysis

[Main]Problems

[Problems] Main problems that affect Ancoats are economical stagnation, disconnection from the rest of Manchester, social separation and internal subdivision of the area.

ÂŁ [Stagnation]

x

[Disconnection]

Page|3

[Separation]

x

[Division]


[Sense of place] It is important to take into account current sense of place and enhance the best aspects of it (another key feature that urban splash failed to do). Otherwise, entire city will become the same and characterless. [Aims] Main aims for redeeming Ancoats from its current post-catalyst state are:

£ • Revitalise Ancoats from its current state of emptiness and economical stagnation Catalyst

• Provide a programme that is a real catalyst for the urban fabric

Create an engaging public realm

[Concept Visualisation]

1|[Territory]Analysis

[Main]Aims

• Strengthen the sense of place; not separate from existing context

e d i r P

• Strengthen local networks by introducing new connections and reviving the local ones

[Reconnect the People] •

[Empower People with Local Pride]

Draw in ‘the people’

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[Reconnect Ancoats with Manchester]


[Analysed Text] Key writers that influenced author of this project were: Leon Krier, Albert Pope, Simon Unwin and James LaGro. Main research areas revolved around the topics of purpose of architecture, sense of place and programme developent,

[Purpose of Architecture] Simon Unwin stated that primary concern of all architecture is the creation of identity and sense of place (Unwin, 1997). Although sense of place is not the first thing we people think of when understanding the city, it accounts for a subconscious summary of how we understand it (Cresswell, 2004). It is one of the most important features of architecture and urbanism, as it contributes to the way we perceive it.

[Sense of Place] For that reason sense of place of Ancoats was established as one of the most important issue to investigate and improve. Analysis showed that due to inappropriate composition of contrasting components the sense of place of Ancoats is very inconsistent. For that reason it is unattractive for visitors - various elements seem out of place and there is no anchor point for the body occupying it. It is caused by multiple social and spatial divisions and separations. This is a major problem and it needs to be solved.

Ancoats

Lack of consistent sense of place in Ancoats

2|[Theoretical]Position

[Sense]_of_Place

[Summary] Due to the fact that Acoats is very subdivided on various layer it is important to unify it by creation of place. It can be only achieved by ingraining the intervention in context and emerging from it. This will allow for creation of a positive sense of place and coherent environment, which would be attractive for people.

Place [Creation of Place]

[Unification]

[Ingraining]

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[Emerging]

[Place for People]


Local Employment Opportunities

C

B

Possibility:

B

Not ultimately closed system. Providing spaces for local $ plug-in their own Possibility: people to Local Employment Opportunities Not ultimately closed system. small scale businesses. Providing spaces for local

[Desired Activities]

Biomass

Products

Fish Market

Products

Food Market

Possibility:

Possibility:

C lo s

Emergence

$

C lo s

Aquarium

al

Water Park Alo n

Purifying

Loop ed

[Focus]

Micro Fish Market Brewery

Fish Farm

Programme focused on creation of urban catalyst that would have a far reaching impact on the micro-economy and society of Ancoats.

Waste

Products Pub

al

Possibility:

an

Micro Brewery

Fish Farm

Pub

Local Employment Opportunities Waste

Social Activities

Waste

n g Ca

Waste

Reeds

Al

n a C ong

C lo s

Festival

Waste

Education

Water Park

Competitions Biomass

Urban Sports

: [Waterpark]

Waste [Activities]

Waste

Education Bigger Network

Products Urban [Synthesis] Aquarium Fish Farm Farm

Products

Public Square

Urban Farm

Emergence Pub

Brewery

Festival

Digital Networks Micro Brewery

Vertical farm

Fish Farm

Pub

Al

n a C ong

Purifying : [Connecting; Marging; Empowering]

Fish farm

Reeds

: [Bring people together] [Improve the sense of place] Page|6

Waste

: [Food Production] : [Enterteiment + Work]

Al

n a C ong

[Final Programme]

al

3|[Re:Programming]Ancoats

[Manifesto Aims]

Not ultima Providing people to small s

Social Activities

Energy [Ancoats Environment]

Possibility:

Tourism Aquaponic Products

Loop ed

Reeds

Barge and Cycling Tourism

Waste

Masterplan Elements

C lo s

urifying

Energy

an

Energy

Enriching oInhabitat p

Lo d e

C Alo n g

al

Energy

Social Activities

C lo s

Products

Energy Aquarium

Social Activities

Loop ed

C lo s

Emergence

Loop ed

Loop d e

[Programme]Development

people to plug-in their own small scale businesses.

Biomass

al

A

Programme for the proposed building was developed by focusing on Ancoats and activities that C could result in redevelopment B of the area. Selected activities dictated and defined the programme.

B

B

al

A

Products

Energy : [Fish Farm ] : [Brewery] + [Pub]


$

Possibility:

Local Employment Opportunities

Food Market

Products

Not ultimately closed system. Providing spaces for local people to plug-in their own small scale businesses.

Biomass

Possibility:

Emergence

C lo s

Loop ed

C lo s

Social Activities

al

Loop ed

Aquarium C Alo n g

Micro Brewery

Fish Farm

al

Water Park

Waste

an

Pub

Waste

Social Activities

Energy

Ca Alo n g

n

Barge and Cycling Tourism

Energy Purifying

Waste

Reeds Education

Aquaponic Products

Enriching Inhabitat

Season

Festival

Activity Level

Sunday

Saturday

Friday

Thursday

Wednesday

Monday

Day

The nature of the program is very organic it expands and contract its activity weekly and annually. It also target different users and social groups that inhabit or visit Ancoats.

Water Park

Activity Level

Proposed programme is supposed to be an open system where people could plug in to it with their owninitiative. 3|[Re:Programming]Ancoats

[Programme]Presentation

[Nature of Programme]

Tuesday

Masterplan Elements

Page|7

Urban Farm


[Barriers] Vast amount of fences creates feeling of division and lack of unity. Moreover it enhances negative perception of place.

4|[Site]Analysis

[Analysis]Summary

[Slope] Slope of the terrain helps to create hierarchy of spaces and introduce initial order on empty brown-field.

[Wasteland] Entire site has quite a post-apocalyptic feel. All the effect of economical downfall are manifested in this space.

[Drinking] Illegal drinking takes place everywhere around the site. Garbage cans influence the image of place and create impression that the site is not managed by anyone.

[Vegetation] The only zone of permanent vegetation is located on the top of the hill on the very edge of the site.

[Access] Site has a very good access point at the top of it. This will make it much easier to transport goods very close to the proposed building making it more comfortable for users. Page|8

[Bridges] Bridging point improve the connectivity of the area. This is an important feature making the site one of the key nodal point of entire territory. It is one of the most used features.

[Transition] This is a multiple transition zone. It link open and builded-up, old and new, socail and public, low- lying and high-rising places. Due to lack of coherence and spatial emptiness the environment seems to lack proper positive sense of place that would attract people.

[Water+Wind] Soil on majority of the site is very moist and hard to walk on. It is a small bog without habitat. Other effect of the water (and build environment) is the creation of informer winds pattern.


[Concept Development] Main concept for this project was derived from analysed data (Ancoats) and architectural theories analysed.

+ Synthesis & Summary

te ditions

cept sign

Design Development

[Integration]

Proposed Building

Synthesis

Synthesis

Synthesis

Synthesis

& Integration, transition, connection, Synthesis Summary merging- those words were at the very Site core of the decision making throughout Conditions entire designSpatialprocess establishing Concept Concept Design Masterplanning Arrangement Definition Design Development manifesto, developing programme and Experiential creating built form. They Valuesstrongly link with presented concept and issues of sense of place in Ancoats. Term 2

Submission2

Site Analysis Desktop Research

esis Synthesis

ary

Synthesis & Summary

Synthesis

ed mme

Site Selection

Desktop Research

Initial Site Analysis

Spatial Arrangement

sterplanning

mission1

Concept Definition

Masterplanning

Spatial Arrangement

Site Conditions

Proposed Building

Site Analysis

Site Conditions

Concept Definition

Concept Design

Design Development

Proposed Building

Conclusions

Proposed Approach

Case Studies

Finding Interest

Activities

Proposed programme

Reading

Site Selection Initial Site Analysis

Desktop research

Term 1 Submission2 February 2013

Site Analysis

Term 2

Submission1

September 2012

November 2012

Design Development

Time

Proposed Building

Term 2

Term 2

Submission2 February 2013

Submission2 February 2013

Social Groups

New & Old

x x

rials

x

Natural & Urban

x

Along the Hill

[Integration] Material choice was also developed to respond to individual characteristics of the site urban and rural.

5|[Concept]Development

[Concept]Summary

onmental Design

Materials

Materials

Transition Hard-edged Static Urban Environment

Soft-edged Dynamic ‘Rural’ Environment

Materials Closed

Environmental Design Page|9

Opened

Masterplanning

Desktop Research

Experiential Values

Concept Design

Experiential Values

Time

ember 2012

Site Analysis

Initial Position

Synthesis & Summary

Synthesis

Synthesis

Readings

February 2013

Site Selection

Synthesis & Summary

A


et

e Str

INITIAL POSITION

[Relating to park]

SUN

[Adjusting Angles]

6|[Design]Development

[Project]Development_1

[Spatial Organisation]

WATERPARK

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HEIGHTS

[Adjusting Heights to Context]

TRANSITION

[Roof Creating Transition Zone] [Integrating with Land and Water]


DYNAMISM

[Angulation of Southern Facade]

DYNAMISM 2

[Angulation of the Roof]

SENSE OF PLACE

[Adjusting North Facade to urban environment]

6|[Design]Development

[Project]Development_2

[Adjusting South Facade to water park]

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STRUCUTRAL GRID

[Adjusting to structural grid]

FINAL ADJUSTMENTS

[Soft Transition Zone]


7|[Context]Presentation

[Existing]Plan

N

Page|12

Existing Context Plan 1:1250


7|[Context]Presentation

[Proposed]Plan

N

Page|13

Proposed Context Plan 1:1250


al

Purifying

Energy

Waste Products Waste Reeds AquariumReedsFish Farm Biomass

y: arket

al

[Microbrewery]

Ca n

Cl

Alo n g ossibility:

C lo s

Reeds

Pub

Emergence

Products

Products [Fish farms]

Education

Water reservoirs are used for fish farming

Emergence Products

Energy Waste

Loop ed

[Activities]

Micro A

Products

C

B

Waste

Reeds

Pub

$

Local Economic Networks

Possibility:

Products

Emergence

C lo s

ed

B

Loop

Education

$

Loop ed

7|[Context]Presentation

Waste

C

B

C

Energy Aquarium

$

Waste Opportunities Local Employment

Micro Local Employment Brewery Opportunities Fish Farm Pub

C lo s

al

Products Local Economic Networks

Digital Networks Competitions

A

Alo n

n g Ca

A

C

B

Possibility: Urban

Biomass

Possibility:

Emergence

Site Section 1:500

Loop ed

Digital C Public Networks Water Park Square

Energy Aquarium

Waste Micro Brewery

Fish Farm

Ca n

Digital Purifying Networks

Possibility: NotFarm ultimately closed system. Barge and Cycling Providing spaces Tourism for local Not ultimately Page|14 people to plug-in their own

P

Local Employment Opportunities

Food Market

Alo n g

B

$

Competitions Products Urban Products Sports Tourism

Public Urban Square Sports

C

Products

n a C Tourism Alo n g

Urban Farm

Products

Social Activ

Water Park

A

C lo s

[Master]Plan

Reeds

C

Public Square

Urban Farm

Education

Digital Networks

Urban Sports

Not ultimately closed system. Providing spaces for local people to plug-in their own small scale businesses. B C B

Energy

BC

B

Products

Pub

Waste

Social Activities

$

A Biomass A

n a C ong

Urban Farm

Ca

Waste

C lo s

od Market

C

Al

Alo n g

Energy

Tourism

Possibility:

LocalLocal Employment Opportunities Economic Networks

AProducts B

Urban Farm

Social Activities

FishCycling Farm Pub routes, barbeque areas, picnic Brewery areas, park and walking routes are Energy distributed around entire park. Local Economic Networks Waste Education Waste A C [Fishing facilities] A Micro A C C B B B AquariumFishing facilities Fish Farm Brewery and small piers are provided around entire waterpark Energy Waste

Social Activities

Waste Education

Digital Networks

Urban Farm

Products

C lo s

Energy

Micro Brewery

Waste

Microbrewery and a pub located at the top of a small hill overlooking the rest of waterpark

Loop Purifying d e

m

Waste

farming and brewing in the processes.

al

gger work ying

al

Energy

Social Activities

an CMutual g n usage ofEnergy by products of fish o l A

Pub

Waste

C lo s

Loop ed

[Waste]

Micro Brewery

al

Waste

Social Activities

C lo s

Waste Pub Local Employment Opportunities Products Biomass

Waste

al

C

Micro B Brewery

n

Energy Waste

Reeds Education

al

C lo s

of water system in the waterpark and Aquarium hatchery for entire year. Fish Farm

Ca Emergence Alo n g

Energy

Not ultimately closed system. Aquarium Fish Farm Tourism Providing spaces for local Competitions peoplePossibility: to plug-in their own Tourism Ca n Bigger Urban Alo n g small scale businesses. Network Not ultimately closed system. Purifying Sports Urban Reeds n a C Providing spaces for local Sports Alo n g Competitions people to plug-in their own Public Public Square small scale businesses. Square

al

C lo s

Loop ed

Waste

ed management

Pub

Competitions

Social Activities

Energyfor Providing Loop space

Micro Brewery

Social Activities

Aquarium Fish Farm [Hatchery] Possibility:

Possibility:

Products

al

Loop ed

C lo s

Products Local Employment Opportunities

Emergence

Loop ed

C lo s

Waste

Social Activities

Biomass

Energy

Possibility:

Loop ed

los

Emergence

Loop hydroponic systems Aquaponic and ed Products complement outdoor fish farming. Old Fish Market abandoned mills are used to shelter this function

Fish Market

Not ultimately closed system. Providing spaces for local n own people to plug-in their a C g small scale Alonbusinesses.

[Indoor]

Possibility:

Products

Possibility:

Loop ed

Local Employment Opportunities Products

Fish Market

closed system.

Products

Aqu

Pro


Landscaping engages wntire area of Ancoats bringing unity to the environment by introducing coherent lighting strategies. 1:5 Detail: Asymmetric beam with horizontal cutoff light hidden from sight.

7|[Context]Presentation

[Proposed]Landscape

[Landscape]

Page|15


8|[Building]Presentation

[Roof+Location]Plan

N

Page|16

Context + Roof Plan 1:200


N

[5] [1]

[4]

[2]

8|[Building]Presentation

[Floor]Plan_1

[3]

Spaces: 1| External Tarrace 2| Lobby 3| Upper Pub Area 4| Plant Room 5| External Sitting Area

Page|17

Upper Floor Plan 1:100


Upper Floor Plan 1:100

N

[10]

[10]

[10]

[2]

[10]

[5]

[4] [6]

[3]

[7]

[8]

[10] [9]

[2]

[1]

[1] [11]

8|[Building]Presentation

[Floor]Plan_2

Spaces:

1| Main Pub 2| Inner Pub 3| Bar+Brewery 4| Kitchen 5| Storage 6| Staff Room 7| Office 8| Lobby 9| Plant Room 10| Toilets 11| External Walkway

Page|18


8|[Building]Presentation

[Elevation]South

South Elevation 1:100

Page|19


8|[Building]Presentation

[Elevation]North

North Elevation 1:100

Page|20


8|[Building]Presentation

[Elevation]East

East Elevation 1:100

Page|21


8|[Building]Presentation

[Elevation]West

West Elevation 1:100

Page|22


Technical Section 1:50 [1] Vertical Section:

Horizontal Section:

Solatube System Detail : (based on www.solatube.com)

Wall to structural glazing detail.

[2] [7] [6]

[4]

[7]

[3]

[5] [6] [2]

[7]

1- Steel Box Section 2- Structural glazing system 3- Glass 4- Cap 5- Sealant 6- Insulation 7- Concrete 8- Junction Sealant

1 - Light Inlet 2 - Angle Adapter Tube 3 - Expansion Joint Seal 4 - Extension Tube 5- Butterfly Baffle 6- Daylight Dimmer 7- Susspended Ceiling Joist 8- Suspended Ceiling

8|[Building]Presentation

[Technical]Section

[8]

Page|23

[5]

[8] [2]

[5] [4]

[1] [3]


8|[Building]Presentation

[Experiential]Section

Experiential Section 1:50

Page|24


8|[Building]Presentation

[Organisation]Section

Longitudal Section 1:100

Page|25


Page|26

8|[Building]Presentation

[Sectional]Model


Page|27

8|[Building]Presentation

[Daily]Changes


Page|28

8|[Building]Presentation

[Urban]Approach


Page|29

8|[Building]Presentation

[Waterpark]Approach


Page|30

8|[Building]Presentation

[Interior]Spaces


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8|[Building]Presentation

[Transition]Space


[M]aciej [O]lszak

[3d Section]

[Contact Information]

[Part1 Architectural Assistant]

maciej.s.olszak@gmail.com

2011

07565641139 22 Rusholme Grove Manchester M14 5 AR

[Digital Skills: Advanced] |Adobe Creative Suite |Adobe AfterEffects |Autodesk AutoCAD 2D |Autodesk 3DS Max (+Mental Ray and V-ray) |Autodesk Sketchbook Pro |Rhino3D (+ Grasshopper and V-ray) |SketchUp (+ V-ray) |Microsoft Office [Digital Skills: Basic] |Autodesk Revit |Autodesk EcoTect

[Building Visualisation]

I am a responsible and well-organised graduate looking for a year out position in an architectural practice. I can work effectively under pressure individually as well as a member of team, which has been proved by successful group projects. I believe that my biggest strength is that I am a quick-learner when it comes to programmes and new project challenges. I am very efficient at visualising (from sketches to finished renders), analytical tasks and working with main software packages provided by Adobe and Autodesk. Moreover, I am a self-motivated person who aims for pushing personal boundaries and self-development. For that reason, I take part in multiple activities outside course work (competitions, game design, life drawing classes, digital painting) and still achieve highest marks in university. Finally, I like to be pushed out of my ‘comfort zone’, as it expands my horizons.

|Polish_Native |English_Fluent |German_Zertificat Deutsch

[Building Visualisation]

[Competitions] 2011

[Research Areas] |Anthropology |Sensory Perception |Sense and Identity of Place |History of Architecture |Efficiency and Sustainability |Post-Industrial Redevelopment

2008 - 2010 3 [Secondary School] in Gdańsk, Poland Polish Secondary School Exams 183/200 2008 - 2010 0704 [High School] in Gdynia, Poland International Baccalaureate 37/45

[Concept Painting]

2010 - 2013 [Manchester School of Architecture] Year 2: A Year 3: A (term 1 grade)

|Quick Learner |Problem Solving |Team Work |Focused |Immune to Stress

2011

[Organisation Section]

2011- 2013 IT Rover [Manchester Metropolitan University] During second and third year of university I worked as IT Rover at MMU. The job focused on communication and cooperation with other creative people. My main duty was to help students and members of staff with printers, scanners and university portals. Furthermore, I was providing help with Adobe and Autodesk software.

2012 Part time Architectural Assistant in [Fairhurst Design Group]

[Interests]

During my second year I have work once a week at Fairhurst Design Group for 2 months. I spent majority of the time contributing to commissioned project for 400 ha Theme Park and Leisure Resort in Nigeria. I had opportunity to work with various aspects of the project ranging from colour coding and finishing drawings created by architects to concept designing and refining the concepts.

|Concept Design |Game & Movie Design |Digital Painting |Swimming

[Award] 2011- 2013 Rossant Award [Finalist]

Game Development Society [Art Director]

I was a member of Game Development Society. As the most experienced person in design-related field I was in charge of all the artistic aspects of created game, as well as, generation of ideas. 2013

Game Development: Forodren Auth [Concept Artist]

I am working on concept art of architecture, weapon, and characters for a game project called Forodren Auth. I am in charge of initial design, conceptual paintings and measured drawings for 3d modellers. Both of the projects helped me to developed digital skills. They provide me with very valuable experiences, as they allowed me to look at architecture from completely different perspective. [External Links]

I was one of the six finalist short-listed for Rossant Awards and the unofficial runner-up. It is an award given for craftsmanship and excellence of visual presentation.

[My Blog] www.developmentscreen.blogspot.com [In-seed: Pavilion Project] www.inseedpavilion.wordpress.com

[Professional Studies] 9|[External]Works

[Work ]

[External Projects]

[Masterplan Visualisation]

[Professional]Studies

Tur(i)nIntoGreen [Participant]

I took part in group competition called Tur(i)nToGreen. The brief was to create a masterplan for post-industrial site in Turin and design dwelling units for various occupants. Main challenge for me was to work simultaneously on the contest and a close university deadline.

[Education]

[Internship]

Dunham Massey- Inseed Pavillion [National Trust]

During the second year I worked on a group built project for National Trust. Client asked us to create a small pavilion for the winter garden in Dunham Massey. It was a very valuable experience, because as a member of team I was responsible at all stages of the design process. I helped with detailing, creation of measured drawings and on-site construction. Moreover, during entire project I was in charge of visual quality of created content: my main responsibilities included digital modelling/rendering, hand drawing and presentation layout.

[Languages]

[Personal Statement]

[Key Virtues]

[Built Projects]

Professional studies course helped the author to develop knowledge about architectural practices and job hunting process. This summary sheet shows authors CV developed after the course.

Page|32


[Input]

[Challanges] 9|[External]Works

[Exhibition]Development

Exhibition was developed along finalising the project. Author of this book contributed mainly by concept drawigs, visualising and initial cad drawings of the exhibition space,proposed datascape and primary costing of materials.

THe most difficult aspect o the design process was not to come up with good ideas, but rather to agree on something that would satisfy majority of the group. It was a good group exercise.

Page|33


[Books] Bononno, R., Pierre, L. (1998)Becoming virtual: reality in the digital age, London: Plenum Charlesworth, E. (2005) City Edge, Architectural Press: Oxford Farr, D; (2007) Sustainable urbanism: urban design with nature, Wiley- Academy: Chichester Kelly, K. (1995) Out of control: the new biology of machines, Fourth Estate: London Kelly, K. (1998) New Rules for the Economy Penguin: New York Kliczkowski, H. (2003) OpenairRestaurants, Barcelona: Loft Publications Lynch, K. (1973) The Image of the City Harvard University Press: Cambridge Major, M. Speirs, J. Tischhauser, A.(2005) Made of Light The Art of Light and Architecture. 1st ed., New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. Ltd. Maas, Winy; Stroom; MVRDV. (1999) Metacity Datatown, 010 Publishers: Rotterdam Palasmaa, J. (2005) The Eyes of the Skin, Wiley-Academy: Chichester Pope, A. (1996) Ladders, Princeton Architectural Press: New York Proto, F. (2006) Mass. Identity. Architecture 1st ed., Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd Shane, D. G. (2005) Recombinant urbanism: conceptual modelling in architecture, urban design, and city theory, WileyAcademy: Chichester Smith, P. (1974) The Dynamics of Urbanism, Hutchinson: London

10|[Biblio]graphy

[Bibliography]List

Scott, A. and Ben-Joseph, E. (2012) ReNew town: adaptive urbanism and the low carbon community, Routledge : London Stickney, R.R.(2005) Aquaculture, CABI Publishing: Wellingford

Page|34


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