CFDA and Apple Collaboration Merchandising Strategy

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Maddy Williams Chen Reese Christina Eunyoung Elora Martinez

A D FSH 375 Merchandising Strategies Woody Anthony Fall 2016


Brief Background: Apple • • • • • • • • • •

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Founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Mike Markkula in 1976 Steve Jobs and Mr. Wozniak, using their own money, began Apple with an initial investment of $1,300 Later gaining the backing of a former Intel executive, A. C. Markkula, who lent them $250,000 Starting out in the Jobs family garage in Los Altos, they moved the company to a small office in Cupertino shortly thereafter In April 1977, Mr. Jobs and Mr. Wozniak introduced Apple II at the West Coast Computer Faire in San Francisco, it created a sensation In the late 1970's designed and marketed the Apple II series of computers Apple was the first commercially successful line of personal computers This lead to the Apple Lisa in 1983, the first computer to use a mouse-driven GUI (graphical user interface) One year later, the Apple Macintosh was born (launched by one of the greatest ads of all time, 1984) Tim Cook is the current CEO


Brand Identity: Apple

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Colors: Space grey, light grey, silver, and white Font: San Francisco Logo:

According to Steve Jobs; the name Apple came up under the themes "fun and exciting". Steve Jobs who was on fruit diet has embraced this idea on his way back from the farm.

Mission Statement: “The company is committed to bringing the best personal computing and music experience to students, educators, creative professionals, businesses, government agencies, and consumers through its innovative hardware, software, services, and Internet offerings.�

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Brief History: CFDA •

• • • •

• • •

2001- “Fashion for America” campaign started to help raise funds for the incidences that happened on 9/11/01 2003- Eleanor Lambert passed away 2004- CFDA Vogue Fashion Fund is created by Anna Wintour 2006- 10th president is elected: Diane von Furstenberg. Executive director- Steven Kolb 2007- CFDA Health Initiative is created to raise awareness about health of models. CFDA creates first book: American Fashion by Assouline 1962- Founded by Eleanor Lambert, starts the council of fashion designers of america. Promoted american fashion as a part of contemporary lifestyles 1973- Beginning of the CFDA Foundation. Officially becoming two organizations. A non-profit organization to mobilize membership to raise funds for charity. Oscar de la Renta is elected president 1980- First CFDA Fashion Funds were held 1984- Perry Ellis announced presidency 1985- Opens first office space and hires first staff member

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Brand Identity: CFDA Colors: Black, red, and white Font: Times New Roman, Impact, and Snell Roundhand Logo:

“Our mission is to strengthen the impact of American fashion in the global economy.�

The CFDA membership consists of more than 500 leading fashion womenswear, menswear, jewelry, and accessory designers. Membership is by invitation only, and is open to Americans designing in the United States or abroad or international designers whose businesses are based in the United States.

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Research

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Pop-Up Store •

A pop-up shop is a low cost, short-term installation used by companies to build brand awareness, launch a new product, test a consumer market or targeted retail location, including experimental marketing.

Trend analysts first coined the pop-up concept in the early 2000s, when the L.A. company Vacant began to operate apparel stores that moved sites every few weeks.

They came to this concept on a business trip to Tokyo. Between 2004 and 2009, Comme des Garçons ran scores of pop-up shops, each lasting no more than a year.

Pop-ups went mainstream in the late 2000s, spreading far beyond the fashion and apparel industry.

The phenomenon of pop-up store trend had its roots in the recession, but has began to take on new places in the retail landscape as the economy recovered, and has grown to approximately $10 billion in sales, according to PopUp Republic.

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Union Square •Approximately

$685/sq ft a year for rent •Growth in retail market in Union Square grew 5.4% in a year •6th most expensive market in the US •Very low vacancy rates all year long (1.9%)

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Trends • •

• •

Sparkling metallic hues emerge as an important update to enhance color Bold colors add a graphic edge, while drawstrings and zippers underpin the sporty vibe Artistic renditions of color-blocking are intensified by the bold use of bright color Geometric shapes are cut and spliced for graphic appeal, while stripes are classic or mismatched in contrasting hues Innovative technical synthetics are key to contemporary sports-influenced silhouettes, while parachute silk and transparent nylon are used for light layers Contrast zippers, bungee cords and ties provide modern ways to update shapes The look is definitely sporty which will suit our customer for the collaboration Casual Tops with more formal bottoms

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Trends •

Season-less fashion is becoming more appealing with bold prints and a youthful, yet ageless appeal.

Old-world prints are renewed with a futuristic edge as designers look to the past to create the future. Font mixing and graphic splicing emerge in anarchic black and red, softened by feminine styles and modern silhouettes for a tough-girl look. Logo-mania continues, but slogans voicing a message with a cause feel new, as hot topics of feminism and political unrest resonated throughout the catwalks. Designers fuse sportswearinfluenced references with contemporary design elements, creating a futuristic and abstract appeal with an easy-to-wear attitude.

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S.W.O.T Analysis Strengths: •

• • •

Strong brand image, with loyal customers that can show strong buying power in this new field of fashion and tech. Demonstrate that Apple can be a vital part of supporting American designers and impacting the American fashion industry. The collaboration will Create a synergy between Apple, the CFDA and American designers. The featured designers are likely to gain high profile status and fame in the fashion/tech world through this collection.

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Weaknesses: !

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High price point of the merchandise that isn’t attainable for most The collaboration is more restricted because certain trends or brands the target markets follow might not be in line with the collection. Other target markets that the brands and designers typically target may not be agreed on by other members of the collaboration, causing creative difficulties. The space within the pop-up shop will be tight which will result in having less variety of products as well as limited quantities. Some designers can be very reluctant to cede any control over the way their product is marketed or distributed, especially with well-established designers.

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S.W.O.T Analysis Opportunities: •Due

to the high popularity of the Apple brand and the CFDA, attracting customers will not be as big of an issue as it would for smaller brands. •Luxury retail consumers will be more inclined to shop the fashion and tech collaboration because of Apple’s status for being the most elite and innovative tech company in the world. •Reach a new target market with the collaboration along with entering a different geographical location

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Threats: •This

collaboration could affect our current target market and deter them from shopping with us because where the pop-up is located. •A recession could also affect our business •The presidential election could also be a factor because now everyone is being mindful of their spending

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Thom Browne •

Thom Browne has been honored the CFDA Menswear Designer of the Year Award in 2016, 2013 and 2006, the GQ Designer of the Year in 2008 and the Cooper Hewitt National Design Award in 2012.

His business began with five suits and with a small byappointment-only shop in 2001.

Thom introduced his ready-to-wear collection in 2003.

Browne’s innovations in tailoring have been identified with impacting the paradigm of men's and women’s fashion.

Price points range from $125-$5,700 for Women, $125$41,000 for Men.

Trends used in latest collections: Sportswear-influenced references with contemporary design elements, seasonless fashion, and old world prints.

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Thom Browne Classifications: WOMEN Shirts Knits

LEATHER GOODS Small Leather Goods Classifications: Accessories / Objects Eyewear

MEN Shirts Knits Accessories / Objects Leather Goods Beachwear Eyewear

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Public School •Founded

by New York-born designers, Dao-Yi Chow and Maxwell Osborne. •Originally a menswear label before extending into womenswear, Public School launched in Spring 2008 with Barneys New York . •In 2013 Public School designers took home the CFDA’s Menswear Designer of the Year award in June and the CFDA/ Vogue Fashion Fund’s top honour in October, earning them a prize of $300,000. •Price points range from $60-$1195 for Women, $78-$1150 for Men. •Trends used in latest collections: seasonless fashion, sportswear-influenced references with contemporary design elements, and old world prints.

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Public School Classifications: MEN: Jackets Tops Shirts Knitwear Bottoms Shoes Accessories Classifications: TUMI x PS

WOMEN: Jackets Dresses Tops Knitwear Bottoms Shoes Accessories

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DKNY •Designers

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Dao–Yi Chow and Maxwell Osborne, both born and raised

in New York City, breathe the inspiration and restless energy from the city they live and work in. •In

2015, the duo expanded their remit with their appointment as

Creative Directors at DKNY. •Simply

stated, DKNY is the energy and spirit of New York.

•International, eclectic, fun, fast •DKNY

and real.

addresses the real-life needs of people everywhere, from work

to weekend, jeans to evening. •

Both fashionable and friendly, DKNY consistently delivers its unique

mix of style around the world. •Price

Points range from $41-1498 for Women and $33-$1,155 for

Men. •Trends

used in latest collection: Seasonless fashion and sportswear-

influenced references with contemporary design elements.

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DKNY Classifications: MEN: Shirts Sweaters Tees Pants Jackets and Outerwear

Classifications

WOMEN:

Dresses Sweaters Tops Pants Skirts Jackets and Outerwear

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Phillip Lim 3.1 •In

the fall of 2005, Phillip Lim debuted his first

collection for Phillip Lim 3.1 •Lim’s

talent earned him the 2006 Fashion Group

Internationals Women’s Designer ‘Rising Star’ Award, the 2007 CFDA Swarovski Award in Womenswear, the 2012 CFDA Swarovski Award in Menswear, and the 2013 CFDA Award for Accessories Designer of the Year. •Price

points range from $270-$1895 for Women, and

$150-$2250 for Men. •Trends

used in latest collections: Sportswear-

influenced references with contemporary design elements, season-less fashion, and old world prints.

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Phillip Lim 3.1 Classifications: MEN

WOMEN

Jackets & coats Tops Trousers & shorts Shoes Bags

Dress Tops & knitwear Pants & skirts Jackets & outerwear Eyewear Shoes

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Alexander Wang •

In 2005, Wang launched a fashion label, predominantly with a collection of knitwear.

In 2008, he received prize money and an award by the Council of Fashion Designers of America, and expanded his business.

Over the years, he has won many awards for being an exceptional designer including Swarovski Designer of the Year, as well as Best Menswear Designer of the Year by GQ.

Price points range from $195-$3495 for Women, $70$2250 for Men.

Trends used for latests collections: logo mania, sporty, font mixing, graphic splicing, season-less fashion, old world prints, and Pantone’s color trends.

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Alexander Wang Classifications: MEN:

WOMEN:

Tops Bottoms Outerwear and Jackets Bags Shoes Accessories Classics

Tops Bottoms Dresses Outerwear and Jackets Knitwear

T by Alexander Wang: Bags Shoes Jewelry Accessories Denim x AW Classics Exclusives

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Rick Owens •Rick

Owens aesthetic is shaped by black and white Hollywood movies and the rawness of a decayed end of Hollywood boulevard where he started his label in the early nineties after dropping out of art school. •The label’s first runway show in New York was sponsored by Vogue magazine in 2001. •Owens was awarded the CFDA new talent award in 2002. •Price points range from $43.92-$24,153 for men and women. (€40-€22,00) •Trends used in latests collections: season-less fashion, sportswear-influenced references with

contemporary design elements, and Pantone’s color trends.

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Rick Owens Classifications: MEN:

WOMEN:

Jackets Jackets Shoes Shoes Pants Pants Tops Tops Classifications: Shirts Dresses Dresses Skirts Knitwear Knitwear Bags Bags Accessories Accessories Jewelry Jewelry

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Assortment Plan

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32% Women’s 25% Mens 18% Gender Neutral 15% Accessories 10% Shoes Women’s

Men’s

Shoes Gender Neutral

Accessories

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Assortment Men’s:

Women’s:

Accessories:

Shoes:

• • • • • • •

•Jackets

•Men

Men’s Shoes: •Oxford Wingtip •Leather Sneaker •Leather High Top Sneaker •High Top Sneaker

Jackets Sweaters Long Sleeve Button Up Shirts T-shirts Polos Tunic Pants

Gender Neutral: • • • • • •

Jackets Sweaters Pants T-shirts Tunics Hoodies

•Sweaters •Long

Sleeve •Short Sleeve •Handbag •Backpack •Hat •Unisex •Jackets •Sweaters •Pants •T-shirts •Tunics •Hoodies

& Women’s Wallet •Backpacks •Card holder •iPhone Case •Leather bags •Jewelry •Hats •Women’s handbags

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Women’s Shoes: •Slip On Flats •Chunky Heel Sandal


Assortment Plan

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Men: Total: $103,725 Thom Browne:

Public School:

•Plaid

•Bomber

Sweater $2325 (1 each size) : $9300 •Long Sleeve Button Up $565 (2s, 4m, 4l, 2xl): $6780 •Long Sleeve Button Up $1430 (2s, 4m, 4l, 2xl) : $17,160 •Polo $420 (2s, 2m, 2l, 2xl) : $3360 •Tie $250 (4 ties) $1000 •Shoes $676 sz8 (1), sz8.5(2), sz 9 (2), sz 9.5 (2), sz10 (2), sz 11 (1) : $6760 •Backpack $1935 (2) $3870 •Leather bag $3380 (2) $6760 •Card Holder $1290 (4) $5160

Jacket: $1092 (2s, 4m, 4l, 2xl) $13,104 •Pullover Sweater $260 (2s, 4m, 4l, 2xl) $3120 •Moto Biker Jacket $1420 (1ea size) $5680 •Tunic $520 (3s, 5m, 5l, 3xl) $8320 •Pleated Pants $286 (sz28-2, sz30-3, sz32-3, sz34-3, sz 36-2) : $4576 •Oxford Wingtip $645 sz8 (1), sz8.5(2), sz 9 (2), sz 9.5 (2), sz10 (2), sz 11 (1) : $6450 •Snapback $80 (5): $400 •Watch $385 (5): $1925 •

Total: $60,150

Total: $43,575


Inventory and Pricing

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Thom Browne

V-Neck Cardigan Sizes S-XL $2325 SKU01

Long-Sleeve Shirt Sizes S-XL $565 SKU02

Suit Tie $250 SKU05

Long-Sleeve Shirt Sizes S-XL $1430 SKU03

Short-Sleeve Polo Shirt Sizes S-XL $420 SKU04

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Inventory and Pricing

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Thom Browne

Leather sneaker Sizes 7-13 $676 SKU06

Hector Grain Leather Bag $338 SKU08

Striped Backpack $1935 SKU07

Alligator Card Holder $1290 SKU09


Inventory and Pricing 3.1 Phillip Lim

Camouflage Bomber White Sizes S-XL $1092 SKU10

Pullover Sweater Red/Black/Grey Sizes S-XL $260 SKU11

Motorcycle Jacket Black Sizes S-XL $1420 SKU12

Chambray Tunic Navy Sizes S-XL $520 SKU13

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Inventory and Pricing

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Public School

Cotton Denim Pant Black Sizes 28-36 $286 SKU14

Oxford Shoe Black Sizes 8-12 $645 SKU15

Custom Link Snapback Black One Size $80 SKU16

Fitbit Watch 100% Stainless Steel Silver One Size $385 SKU17

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Assortment Plan

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Women: Total: $111,397 Phillip Lim 3.1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

DKNY •Parka $1164 (1s, 2m, 2l,2xl) $8148 •Dress $644 (SZ2-1, sz4-2, sz6-2, sz8-1) $3864 •Oversized Jacket $1168 (2s, 2m, 2l,2xl) $9344 •Black Knit Dress $455 (3s, 4m, 4l, 3xl): $6370 •Jumpsuit $595 (2 each size) : $1190 •Black Felt Hat: $205 (4) :$820

Two tone leather $1814 (2s, 2m, 1l, 1xl) :$10884 Amber Velvet Blazer $1365 (2s, 2m, 1l, 1xl): $8190 Classic leather Jacket $975 (2s, 2m, 1l, 1xl): $5850 Striped Varsity jacket $975 (2s, 2m, 1l, 1xl) : $5850 Hoodie $514 (2 each size): $4112 Quarter Zip Blouse $553 (2s, 2m, 1l, 1xl) : $3318 Sleeveless Blouse $325 (2s, 2m, 1l, 1xl): $1950 • Total: $29,736 Not So Basic Tee $384 (2s, 2m, 1l, 1xl): $2304 White Waist Tie Tunic $514 (2s, 2m, 1l, 1xl): $5140 White Pant $455 (1 each size) :$2275 Navy Cigarette Pant (Blue) $553 (3 each size) $6636 Khaki Cigarette Pant (Khaki) $553 (2 each size) : $4424 Shoulder Bag $1192 (3) : $3576 Daisy Wallet $644 (5) $3220 Heeled mules: $618 (sz 6.5(2), sz7 (2), sz7.5(3), sz8(3), sz.5 (1) : $6798 Black Mules $644(sz 6.5(2), sz7 (2), sz7.5(3), sz8(3), sz.5 (1): 7084 • Total: $81,661

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Inventory and Pricing 3.1 Phillip Lim

Black Knit Dress Size: S-XL $455 SKU 22

Jumpsuit Size: S-XL $595 SKU 23 Black Felt Hat Size: S-XL $205 SKU 25

Parka Size: S-XL $1164 SKU 24

Dress Size: S-XL $644 SKU 26

Oversized Jacket Size: S-XL $1168 SKU 27

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Inventory and Pricing 3.1 Phillip Lim

Two-Tone Leather Jacket Sizes S-XL $1,814 SKU24

Classic Leather Jacket Sizes S-XL $975 SKU25

Amber Velvet Blazer Sizes S-XL $1,365 SKU26

Striped Varsity Jacket Sizes S-XL $975 SKU27

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Inventory and Pricing

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3.1 Phillip Lim

Hooded SweatshirtS izes S-XL $514 SKU28

Quarter-Zip Blouse Sizes S-XL $553 SKU29

Sleeveless Blouse Sizes S-XL $325 SKU30

Not So Basic Tee Sizes S-XL $384 SKU31

White WaistTie Tunic Sizes S-XL $514 SKU32

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Inventory and Pricing

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3.1 Phillip Lim

Daisy Wallet $644 SKU36

White Tailored Trousers Sizes 0-10 $455 SKU33

Black Mules Sizes 6-11 $644 SKU35

Black and Gold Shoulder Bag $1,092 SKU34

Heeled Mules Sizes 6-11 $618 SKU37

Navy Cigarette Pants Sizes 0-10 $553 SKU38

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Assortment Plan

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Gender Neutral: Total: $102,645 Alexander Wang •Windbreaker

jacket $320 (2 ea size): $2560 •Funnel Neck Coat $495 ( 1 ea size): $1980 •Sweater $250 (2 each size) $2000 •Striped T-shirt: $120 (3s, 4m, 4l,3xl) : $1680 •Jogger Pant $325 (4s, 5m, 5l, 3xl): $5525 •Denim Jacket $300 (2 each size) $2400 •

Total: $16,145

Rick Owens • • • • • • • • • •

Pirarucu skin bomber jacket $9200 (1 each size) $36,800 Panelled jacket $2024 (1 each size) $8096 Color block long length jumper $1140 (2 each size) $9120 Funnel neck shirt $718 (4 each size) $2872 Weighted top $2170 (1 each size) $8680 Iphone case $773 (5) : $3865 Leather high top sneakers $1123 (1 each size) $5615 High top sneakers $392 (2 each size) $3920 Drop crotch pants $699 (2 each size) $5592 Wallet $388 (5) $1940 •

Total: $86,500


Inventory and Pricing

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Alexander Wang

Black Windbreaker

Sizes S-XL

$320

SKU38

Leather Backpack

$390

SKU41

Striped Tee

Sizes S-XL

$120

SKU39

Funnel-Neck Jacket

Sizes S-XL

$495

SKU40

Grey Denim Jacket

Sizes SM/ML

$300

SKU43

Nylon Joggers

Sizes 0-14

$325

SKU44

Grey Sweatshirt

Sizes S-XL

$250

SKU42


Inventory and Pricing

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Rick Owens

Pirarucu skin bomber jacket

Sizes S-XL

$9200

SKU45

Panelled jacket

Sizes S-XL

$2024

SKU46

Color block long length jumper

Sizes S-XL

$1141

SKU47

Funnel neck shirt

Sizes S-XL

$718

SKU48

Drop-crotch cropped

trousers

Sizes 0-14

$699

SKU54

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Inventory and Pricing

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Rick Owens

High top sneakers Sizes 6-13 $1123 SKU50

Leather high top sneakers Sizes 6-13 $392 SKU51

Weighted top Sizes S-XL $2170 SKU49

Leather Wallet $388 SKU52

Leather iPhone Case $773 SKU53

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Apparel Mix

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Apparel Mix

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Apparel Mix

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Apparel Mix

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Apparel Mix

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Floor Plan Public School

Mannequin

Rick Owens

Mannequin

DKNY

Apple Collaborations

Cash Wrap

Mannequin

Accessories

Entrance

Alexander Wang

Dressing Rooms

Thom Browne

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3.1 Phillip Lim

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Methodology

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The collaboration between Apple and the CFDA is one that represents the joining of American fashion and technology. The brands selected for this partnership were chosen because of their dedication to America’s fashion industry, raw talents, and their embracement of technology in fashion. The apparel mix was specifically curated to represent true American Street Style and to show how these designers have helped shaped its evolution throughout the years. When walking into our store customers will be presented with an all inclusive environment along with hand selected items for menswear, womenswear, and genderless fashion. The open store format allows customers to either explore the sales floor at their leisure, or follow our pathway that begins with our womenswear brands (Phillip Lim 3.1 & DKNY) and leads into our gender neutral selection (Alexander Wang & Rick Owens) which then transitions into the menswear selection (Public School & Thom Browne). The accessories and collaborations between designers and Apple will be placed next to the dressing room and serve as a final stop before customers check out. When curating this collaboration we took the designer’s own prices and marked them up by 30% for the exclusivity and to cover the costs it takes to produce the collaboration. With the 30% markup we are predicting to make a net income of $154,720.40

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Expenses: Inventory •Total

Inventory: $315,765 •Gross Sales: $252,612 •Sales Returns and Allowances: $25,261.20 •Total Discounts and Returns: $25,261.20 •Net Sales: $227,350.80 •Cost of Sales: $50,522.40 •Gross Margin: $202,089.60 •Operating Expenses: $22,108 • Rent: $550 • Fixtures: $360 • Mannequins: $360 • Interior Design: $425 • POS: $338 • Opening Event: $755 • Wages: $5840 •

Net Income: $154,720.40

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Expenses: Start Up •

Rental Space in Westfield Mall: $13,840 total, $6.92/sqft

Renting Fixtures and Merchandisers: $550 total

6 racks $55 each

2 shelving units $110 each

Renting Mannequins: $360 total •

Store Decor/Interior Design: $425 total •

3 mannequins, $120 each

8 framed posters, $53.13 each

POS System-Square: $338 total •

2 systems, $169 each

Music and Speaker System: Free (borrowed from Apple)

Opening Event: $755 total •

$400 for beverages

$250 for food

$65 supplies (napkins, plates, silverware, etc)

• $40

extra trash/recycle bins.

Overall Total: $16,268

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Expenses: Operating •Employee

Uniforms: $1300 total •Hangers/price tags/sensors: $420 total • $150 for hangers • $120 for price tags • $150 for sensors •Bags for Purchased Merchandise: $495 total •3 cases of 200 bags, $165 each •Wages: • 3 Employees: $13/hr, 40 hours/week; $1040 biweekly per person; $3,120 overall total • 2 Security Guards (Westfield Mall); $17/hr; 40 hours/week; $1360 biweekly, per person; $2,720 overall total •Cleaning Supplies: $45 total

Overall Total: $8,100

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Interior Decoration

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Apple Collaborations Alexander Wang

Rick Owens

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Apple Collaborations Thom Browne

Public School

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Apple Collaborations DKNY

3.1 Phillip Lim

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Works Cited !

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“About.” Cfda.com. Council of Fashion Designers of America, n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2016. <https://cfda.com/ >.

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CFDA. “Maxwell Osborne.” Cfda.com. Council of Fashion Designers of America, n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2016. <https://cfda.com/members/profile/maxwell-osborne>.

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The Donna Karan Company. “ About Donna.” About Donna. The Donna Karan Company, n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2016. <http://www.dkny.com/about-donna.html>.

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Https://www.facebook.com/fashionhedge. “Global Fashion Industry in Numbers.” Fashionhedge. N.p., 07 Apr. 2015. Web. 27 Nov. 2016. <http://fashionhedge.com/2015/03/23/global-fashion-industrynumbers/>.

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Lu, Sheng, Dr. 2016 Fashion Industry Benchmarking Study. Http://www.usfashionindustry.com/. University of Delaware, June 2016. Web. 01 Dec. 2016. <http://www.usfashionindustry.com/pdf_files/ USFIA-2016-Fashion-Industry-Benchmarking-Study.pdf>.


Works Cited

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• "About Thom Browne." Thom Browne New York. Thome Browne, n.d. Web. 30 Sept. 2016. <https:// www.thombrowne.com/about.html>. • "Alexander Wang." Famous Fashion Designers. Famousfashiondesigners.org, n.d. Web. 30 Sept. 2016. <http://www.famousfashiondesigners.org/alexander-wang>. • "Rick Owens." CFDA. Council of Fashion Designers of America, n.d. Web. 30 Sept. 2016. <https://cfda.com/ members/profile/rick-owens>. • <http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/06/business/steve-jobs-of-apple-dies-at-56.html?_r=0> • “Apple INC” <http://0-cobrands.hoovers.com.library.academyart.edu/company/APPLE_INC/ rtjcci-1-1njhyu.html> !

McGrath, Maggie. “The World’s Largest Apparel Companies 2016: Christian Dior, Nike And Inditex Top The List.” Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 26 May 2016. Web. 28 Nov. 2016. <http://www.forbes.com/sites/ maggiemcgrath/2016/05/26/the-worlds-largest-apparel-companies-2016-christian-dior-nike-andinditex-top-the-list/#7c9dcb39262e>.

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President, BCG Senior Vice. “Global Apparel Market Size 2012-2025.” Statista. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Dec. 2016. <https://www.statista.com/statistics/279757/apparel-market-size-projections-by-region/>.

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