HIGH COURT METRO STATION
FINAL DESIGN REPORT
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN - VI
SEM IX - Urban Design Studio
The Team Devinth.M Jayavartheni.V.K M.S.Karthikeyan Kavitha.R.U Nivedha Priyadharshini.A Dharshini Madhulikaa.A.S Abinaya.S.T Swetha Chandran
OVERVIEW George Town has a long and standing historic relevance. To trace and understand the same, a detailed timeline comprising of the key administrative, religious, social, economic and transportation changes were plotted and layered. Here, we see the key influences with reliance on the British Raj and also perceive the evolution of a settlement since its rudimentary period. The current period mapping provides us with an understanding of the hotspots of activity, the major peopletime based flux in a widespread fabric. With each spike, the social-everydaylocal pattern of activity was also perceived graphically with respect to key locations. Once the people-time based mapping was done, it was essential to understand the reason for traffic, rush, and chaos on the roads for George Town. the various modes of transport’s peak period were observed in isolation and overlaid. Throughout our study, we saw that the cultural stories and art forms were rooted in the old Madras region, yet the fabric of the settlement as it has come to be used till date severely lacks any such spaces that can help reach the same out to the people.
HISTORY
The history of George Town was traced with emphasis on the origin and development of transportation modes and nodes. George Town originated in 1639 with the establishment of a trading outpost by Francis Day. Fort St. George, established by the British the following year, brought in a lot of domestic settlements of locals around the fort under the leadership of Beri Thimappa. These settlements collectively called the Black Town supported the domestic activities of the British like washing clothes, cleaning etc. After about a century of the British settling here, the French sieged the Fort in 1746. The informal settlements around the Fort made it difficult for the British to anticipate the attack from afar. The siege caused major disturbances - a part of Black Town was razored down completely. This was followed by a period of hectic construction and fortification (a wall built along Wall Tax Road) to strengthen the settlement. The Esplanade was created by the British to provide them a clear field of gun firing in case of future attacks.
The fortifications and creation of esplanade brought about a feeling of security in the settlement and encouraged economic activity By this time George Town had become the central business district (CBD) of Madras with the setting up of many trade and commerce companies by Parrys, Binny and many others. At the same time, Bombay got the country’s first ever railway line in 1853. The traders of Madras started lobbying for a similar transportation system here. This resulted in the establishment of the Royapuram Railway Terminus on the newly opened Madras-Arcot line in 1856. After the British setup Pax Britannica, a police force, the Esplanade was no longer needed. The High Court was later built on the Esplanade grounds in 1865. This kickstarted the institutional land use of the Nort Beach road with the construction of the banks and the post office later on. The growing trade activities caused a lot of congestion in the Royapuram terminus and as a result, the Central Station was opened in 1873 to decongest the Royapuram
Harbour station. The principal roads (North Beach Road, Rajaji Salai, NSC Bose Road, Broadway Street) leading to and from this region were formally built in 1893 to support the fastgrowing trade. In 1907, Madras Central Station was made the main station of Madras Railway company. 1931 saw the first electrically operated rail service in Madras began between Madras Beach Station and Tambaram. Burma Bazaar and China Bazaar started setting up in the different upcoming transit nodes to attract the maximum potential buyers. In 1972, the Madras Transport Corporation was inaugurated and the bus transportation was brought under the government with the establishment of the Broadway Bus terminus in the 1970s. By 1991, George Town as a whole was overflowing with people, trade and its related activity and becoming too congested. Hence plans were made to shift the bus terminus and the Kothwal Chawadi market. In 1995, this plan materialized with the shifting to Koyembedu. In 2002 the Koyembedu CMBT was inaugurated.
2
Analysis
4
1
3
4 Insufficient lighting and ventilation
3 Fire safety
2 Pollution
1 High Density mixed residential buildings
Indicates the street-built form ratio in a tighty woven historic settlement. A typical house in george town has commercial space in the ground floor and residence and godowns in the upper floors.
OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES SPILL ON TO STREETS
NO SPACE TO PLAY
NO GREEN POCKETS
NO SET BACK
FIGURE GROUND MAP
FIGURE GROUND
N
1:5000 Units : Meters
Scale
HIGH DENSITY SETTLEMENTS RESULTS IN SQUEEZING OUT EFFECTIVE STREET SPACE, MAKING THEM NARROW WALKING LANES WHICH CAN NOT ACCOMMODATE FREE PEOPLE INTERACTION OR GATHERING.
1
70
74
79
69
68
80
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67
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76
71
72
84
81
61 60
62
63
59
77
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83
82
64
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65
53
55
66
98
52
49
87
51
50
41
45
35
27
39
94
24
25
46 26 47
95
48
44
42
91
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37
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21
92
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31 30
93
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2 1
17
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12
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21 ARMENIAN CHURCH
14 MALLIKESHWARAR TEMPLE
7 PACHAIYAPPA'S TRUST COMMERCIAL BUILDING
HARDWARES
ELECTRICAL SHOPS
CRACKERS
90
41 ST. FRANCIS XAVIERS ANGLO INDIAN HR. SEC. SCHOOL 42 ST. FRANCIS XAVIERS SHRINE CHURCH
35 CORPORATION HOSPITAL
28 N3 MUTHIALPET POLICE STATION
60 GEORGE TOWN HOSPITAL
59 KTCT GIRLS' HIGH SCHOOL
57 SOWCARPET BALAJI TEMPLE 58 HINDU THEOLOGICAL HR. SEC. SCHOOL
GEORGE TOWN IS A PART OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE COMPLEX OF THE CITY, HOUSING MANY INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS BRINGING USERS FROM ACROSS THE CITY AS CONSUMERS AND WORKING COUNTERPART.
80 ARULMIGU EKAMBARESHWAR TEMPLE
73 MOONGIBAI GONEKA GIRLS' HR. SEC. SCHOOL
70 C2 ELEPHANT GATE POLICE STATION
69 GOLD HOSPITAL
76 GANESH BAI GALADA JAIN GIRLS HR. SEC. SCHOOL 77 SHAHJI BHAWARI BAIHARIKRISHNA RAMDEV HOSPITAL
NO DEMARCATION OF PEDESTRIAN AND AUTOMOBILE ACCESS
KEEPS PEOPLE CONNECTED
LESS PARKING SPACE
NARROW SHADED STREET
EYES ON THE STREET ALL THE TIME.
90 GOVT DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL 91 B2 ESPLANADE POLICE STATION
N
1:5000 Units : meters
Scale
MANNADY STREET
98 STANLEY MEDICAL COLLEGE
97 FORT ST. GEORGE
96 RESERVE BANK OF INDIA
3
BADRIAN STREET
89 MMC 82 ADAMS BUILDING
84 AZHAR MASJID
94 ASIA PACIFIC GLOBAL COLLEGE OF LOGISTICS
93 INDIAN BANK
92 HIGH COURT MADRAS
88 RAJIV GANDHI GOVT. 95 DR. AMBEDKAR GOVT GENERAL HOSPITAL LAW COLLEGE
87 KURALAGAM
85 KANDHAKOTTAM TEMPLE 86 EVENING BAZAAR MEMOM MASJID
83 POOKADAI POLICE STATION
74 MOTILAL FORMA SANTANA 81 SRI CHENNA KESAVA DHARMA HR. SEC. SCHOOL PERUMAL TEMPLE
78 CHINNA KADAI MARIAMMAN TEMPLE 79 SJT SURANA JAIN VIDYALAYA HR. SEC. SCHOOL
71 DMC MATERNITY HOSPITAL 72 AMRIT HOSPITAL - EYE CARE HOSPITAL
68 TERAPANTH JAIN VIDYALAYA 75 A G JAIN SCHOOL MATRICULATION HR. SEC. SCHOOL
67 SRI KASI VISWANATHAR TEMPLE
66 MASJID E AKBARI
64 C3 SEVEN WELLS POLICE STATION 65 SEVEN WELLS HOSPITAL
STREET CHARACTER
47 ARCOT CHURCH 61 GEORGE TOWN 54 PACHAIYAPPAS HEALTH CARE COLLEGE SCHOOL CENTRE(GT CLINIC) 48 C6 KOTWAL CHAVADI 55 SRI KANYAKA PARAMESWARI 62 TTV HIGH SCHOOL POLICE STATION ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN 49 MASJID E HATOON 56 SRI KANYAKA 63 APOLLO CITY CENTER PARAMESWAR TEMPLE HOSPITAL, SOWCARPET
53 MASJID E NOOR
52 MEMON MASJID
THIS PART OF INFRASTRUCTURE THE TOWN IS OWING TO THE SELF-SUFFICIENT DEVELOPMENT IN TERMS OF AROUND IT.
INFRASTRUCTURE
40 ST ANNES GIRLS' HR. SEC. SCHOOL
46 TAMIL WESLEY CHURCH
34 BISHOP CORRIE HR. SEC. SCHOOL
45 MANNADY POLICE QUARTERS
38 DON BOSCO CHURCH
50 CSI WILLIAM CHARLES MEMORIAL CHURCH 44 SBZ WOMENS ARABIC 51 ST. THOMAS ORTHODOX CATHEDRAL COLLEGE
43 MASJID E MUHALLA
39 ST. FRANCIS XAVIERS CHURCH
27 CSI WESLEY CHURCH
32 BHARATHI WOMENS' COLLEGE
31 MASJID LAJNATHUL MUHSINEEN TRUST
26 CSI WESLEY TAMIL CHAPEL 33 ST. MARKS CHURCH
25 CSI TUCKER CHURCH
24 ST. COLUMBAN'S AL HR. SEC. SCHOOL
37 ST GABRIELS SCHOOL
36 RAJ NURSING HOME
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CURRENT INFRASTRUCTURE AND STREET CHARACTER
Analysis
TRANSPORT AND SHIPPING
PROVISIONS, RETAIL
PAPER INDUSTRIES,STATIONARIES
TEXTILES
86
22 ST. MARY'S ANGLO INDIAN 29 KRC ARC GIRLS' HR. HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL SEC SCHOOL 30 GRAND MOSQUE 23 ST. MARY'S CO-CATHEDRAL CHURCH
89
STREET CHARACTER LEGEND
20 ANDERSON CHURCH
13 SRI KRISHNAN TEMPLE
6 GENERAL POST OFFICE
19 MOHAMED SATHAK AJ COLLEGE OF NURSING
18 SRI KAALIKAMBAL TEMPLE
11 EDGAH MOSQUE
5 METROPOLITAN MAGISTRATE 12 DHARMARAJA TEMPLE COURT GEORGE TOWN
17 MASJID E MAMOOR
10 MOHAMMEDI MASJID
16 MUTHIALPET HR. SEC. SCHOOL
15 MASJID E ASHRAF
4 STATE BANK OF INDIA ZONAL OFFICE
9 MJ HOSPITAL
8 B5 HARBOUR POLICE STATION
3 B1 NORTH BEACH POLICE STATION
1 EID PARRY INDIA LTD 2 OFFICE OF THE JOINT COMMISSIONER OF POLICE
LEGEND
88
85
VS
COMMERCIAL
MIXED USE
GREEN SPACES +
PARKING SPACES DEMAND
DIFFERENT LINGUISTIC AND RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES CO-EXIST
THE RECREATIONAL SPACES CATERING TO THE DIVERSITY OF RESIDENTS IS LACKING.
LAND VALUE +
INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS ARE FOCUS OF COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS OWING TO THE LAND VALUE AND CONNECTIVITY. THESE BUILDINGS HOLD THE GREEN POCKETS INTACT INSPITE OF DEVELOPMENT.
PRIVATE CONSUMPTIVE SPACES
COMMERCIAL = SPACES
GEORGE TOWN, SINCE ITS INCEPTION HAS BEEN THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT.
MIXED RESIDENTIAL
RESIDENTIAL ZONES
EVOLUTION
Analysis
CURRENT LAND USE MAP
PUBLIC SPACES
LANDUSE
ARMENIAN CHURCH
DARE HOUSE, PARRYS
ESPLANADE ROAD
ARMENIAN STREET
N
1:5000 Units : meters
Scale
2
TRANSPORT TEMPLES HOSPITALS
RESIDENTIAL
POLICE STATIONS
MIXED RESIDENTIAL EDUCATIONAL
MOSQUES
INSTITUTIONAL
LEGEND
NSC BO
EVEN
ING B
ESPL
AZAA R RO AD
ANAD
E RO
AD
POOKADAI JUNCTION
AD
Y
AM
H
W US
UT
M
EXISTING BUS ROUTES
RO
NO RT
HB
EA
CH
RO AD
MANAD I ROAD
RA
JAJ IS
AL
AI
OSE ROAD
NORTH FORT
ROAD
LEGEND TOWARDS MANNADY TOWARDS KOYEMBEDU TOWARDS BROADWAY TOWARDS THIRUVALLUR TOWARDS THIRUVALLUR TOWARDS HIGH COURT BUS TERMINUS TOWARDS BROADWAY TOWARDS ANNA SALAI
N
Scale
1:2000 Units : Meters
1
NSC BO
EVEN
ING B
ESPL
AZAA R RO AD
ANAD
E RO
AD
POOKADAI JUNCTION
AD
Y
AM
H
W US
UT
M
EXISTING CAR ROUTES
RO
NO RT
HB
EA
CH
RO AD
MANAD I ROAD
RA
JAJ IS
AL
AI
OSE ROAD
NORTH FORT
ROAD
LEGEND
SLOW MOVING TRAFFIC
FAST MOVING TRAFFIC
N
Scale
1:2000 Units : Meters
3
NSC BOS
EVEN
ING B
ESPL
AZAA R RO AD
ANAD
E RO
AD
POOKADAI JUNCTION
AD
Y
AM
W
S HU
UT
M
PEDESTRIAN ROUTES
RO
NO RT
HB
EA
CH
RO AD
MANAD I ROAD
RA
JAJ IS
AL
AI
SE ROAD
NORTH FORT
ROAD
LEGEND PEDESTRIAN PATHWAY
N
Scale
1:2000 Units : Meters
2
THE HIGH COURT METRO STATION The site has a potential of good influx of people coming to CBD. But this might also create congestion due to the added footfall, thus a necessity of Breathing space for pedestrians and a system to connect last mile is evident. Also the metro station is not provided with car and two-wheeler parking, unlike other metro stations of the city. Incorporating that is also essential to encourage the usage of the public transport system.
USER GROUP ANALYSIS AND ACTIVITY MAPPING The user group analysis was done for a typical day tracing the activity of buses, 2-wheelers, 4-wheelers, trucks, MRTS, pedestrians, and hawkers. An activity mapping was also done based on this. It was found that the intensity of buses is maximum between 8am-10am and 4pm-8pm corresponding to the many schools and offices in the area. MRTS movement was also identical to that of buses. A similar trend was seen with 2-wheelers and 4-wheelers, with them having slightly more activity during lunchtime slot ( 12pm-2pm). Pedestrian movement was in indirectly proportional to the sun’s intensity. Trucks were majorly used for loading and unloading of goods, hence their activity was restricted to the early morning hours of 12am-6am. Hawkers activity was at peak during the lunchtime, post 1 pm till a little after 9 pm. PROJECTED METRO RIDERSHIP The ridership of metro with respect to the land use is observed. The highest ridership in Airport, CMBT and Thirumangalam denote the multi modal connectivity to different parts of city and the state. The next highest is Vadapalani owing its footfall to the educational institution - SIMS and commercial establishment – Forum Vijaya Mall, to which it directly opens out to.
SITE OBSERVATION – SWOT ANALYSIS POOKADAI JUNCTION
F.
The site occupies the corner plot that has a potential to respond to the cultural and heritage nature of the area. . The current function on the site as a terminus, having a historical background moved out of it, causing the site to only function half its area. The site can serve as a gateway to George Town reflecting the heritage zone. MUTHUSWAMY ROAD JUNCTION The vast junction doesn’t demarcate the lanes and pedestrian crossing leading to congestion and accidents. The free left towards esplanade creates confusion in the pedestrian movement. The fast moving traffic and the slower lanes crossing should be solved to provide a clear pedestrian movement.
The island is occupied by a police station in a historically important location, a car parking accommodating 50 cars and a statue of King George V. The island doesn’t support the heavy pedestrian influx from Broadway bus stand that diverges towards the George Town and has a potential of connecting the last mile for the pedestrians.
B.
BROADWAY BUS TERMINUS EXIT ONTO NSC BOSE ROAD The terminus has both entry and an exit onto the NSC Bose road which creates a congestion along with the pedestrian traffic that exit towards the CBD. The hawkers on the main road add to this congestion. Bus route redirection and hawkers streamlining can help dissolving the chaos, demarcating pedestrian can help decongestion and free movement.
C.
D.
BROADWAY BUS TERMINUS EXIT ONTO ESPLANADE ROAD This exit of the terminus causes congestion due to the thoroughfare traffic passing through esplanade road. The exit does not demarcate the pedestrian and bus route in the terminus.
BROADWAY BUS TERMINUS FROM MUTHUSWAMY ROAD
ENTRY
The turning radius of the bus is not supported in the entry and exit of the bus terminus, one-fourth of the site only is functioning- because the Broadway bus terminus houses the buses from all the directions. The corner site is a major cause if congestion and can serve as a gateway to the heritage zone from the city.
H.
FORT STATION FOOT OVER BRIDGE FOB is not used widely because of the cut in the median that facilitates at grade crossing. The crossing at grade if solved properly could prevent accidents and congestion in the lanes along with timed signals.
LAW COLLEGE Law College is a Heritage Structure with cultural prominence, which is now abandoned with the moving out of the function. The site has a potential to showcase the heritage nature of the area and also could bring revenue generation.
E.
G.
KURALAGAM Kuralagam houses the Khadi Corporation along with the village Industries board which relies on the display for marketing and few goods of the state. The building has not been maintained and requires frequent repairs. The activities that the building houses, requires interaction from neighbourhood, but the form doesn’t support it.
THIRUVALLUVAR BUS TERMINUS
I.
MMC AND TNPSC ROAD The road is not activated as there are few buildings that open out to this road. Also the pedestrian sidewalk is not used owing to less usage. When the traffic is dissolved directing the automobiles into this road along with the bus entry being solved, this road can be safely accessed by pedestrians.
PROPOSED VEHICULAR MOVEMENT
MUTHUSWAMY JN This junction accommodates most of the existing bus routes that run from the main terminus of koyambedu and all high speed vehicular traffic that leads from the south of chennai to the beach road and further north. The comparatively less used and wide esplanade road opens out to the same abruptly. The junction is large enough to accommodate the traffic, but it’s lack of treatment and detail make it highly perceptible to accidents.
Lack of internodal connectivity for transit pedestrians- the mass of pedestrians population that swaps between the bus terminus and the fort station MRTS is scattered across the road due to lack of pedestrian crossing or islands
Foot over bridge - is barely used, according to statistics only 10% of the pedestrian crowd using it considering it a detour and also due to the increased exhaustion all the climbing up and down causes.
Turning radius for buses - the interfering petrol bunk and island make the turning of buses highly difficult, leading to rash and reckless turning
Interfering island and medians - the existing method of vehicular traffic regulation only ends up interfering into the already misguided traffic movement and not streamlining it.
Parking on the island and road - a significant island with potential has been marked off for parking that does not accommodate many numbers. Leading to overspill on roads, causing disturbance to the high traffic movement.
Ineffective connectivity for the pedestrians -making the process of goods transfer by the sourcing vendor and individual highly from the shop to another mode of transport highly laborious and tiresome.
Lack of pedestrian crossing and pause points - the pedestrianised narrow lanes blandly open out to the vehicular traffic.
No defined drop off - unexpected turning of vehicles and unregulated drop off causing traffic blockage and accidents.
POOKADAI JN This is the primary junction that borders on the key entry point of the wholesale markets of george town and the NSC BOSE road that further leads towards the north. Hence, it faces a lot of gridlock at most time of the day.
MASTER PLAN
BROADWAY BUS TERMINUS After the reallocation of broadway to koyambedu bus terminus. Decongesting ​ all the inter-State and inter-district bus traffic, the site has come to be used only by inter-city Metropolitan Transport Corporation buses. Post the shifting in 2002, there was a proposal drawn up to the revived site. Maximising it’s potential by integrating multi-tier car parking that accommodates the vehicular traffic of the area.
Hawkers encroachment throughout the site
Through study we see that a plan was drawn up in the early 1990s, to provide multi-tier parking for the thousands of vehicles that converge at George Town area, that was to be taken up and implemented with private sector participation. Through the years, the need for parking in the area keeps growing with the increased vehicular usage, and the terminus now remains in ruts with no maintenance at all.
Hard to navigate for pedestrians
Future sub level connect with The parking consideration remains metro station unintegrated
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KURALAGAM The building hosts the main centre for khadi crafts and village industries, alongside some other office building. It remains and requires a continuous system of repairs. The khadi kraft as an establishment is an indian concept that takes the work of village industry to the masses and generates enough revenue for the villagers to sustain themselves 1.Lack of public integration 2.Continuous state of repair 3.Mass of the building blocking off possible open space and market culture
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PROPOSAL Khadi and village administrative quarters
industries
â—? Maximising open space ---- a more indian concept of shopping - market culture â—? Gallery and exhibition spaces reaching the real work of artisans to the masses.
LAW COLLEGE Right on the main road , by the junction of esplanade onto NSC BOSE road lies law college. The building marks the adjunct of legal education, as begun by the British and has remained a law since, with different affiliations.. Today, post the shifting of law college to the south centre of the city, it stands neglected due to lack of funds.
Ground Floor - Zoning
First Floor - Zoning
ESPLANADE ROAD The common reference to the esplanade is of that open space that was created between the Fort and New Black Town after the razing of Old Black Town where the High Court campus stands now. This road was to also act as a clear field vision ground that could be of use as an open firing arena. Till date esplanade road remains the widest open space stretch in george town. On either side of this wide lane, institutional buildings are situated, and the new metro line opens out onto the same.
Possibility to reorganise the major Subway and existing level traffic​ Both NSC bose road and North beach road carry heavy traffic, yet it is unstreamlined. Esplanade is only a by lane for the major traffic from muthuswamy junction to reach NSC bose road.
It is observed that the connect between one transit node to another has to be as effective as possible for the passengers, and currently the connect between the bus terminus and metro happens below grade in the esplanade road.
Transit nodes interconnection​: Esplanade road has a key position, being present at the centre of the tri-node connection of Broadway bus terminus,Fort station MRTS and the METRO. It has a huge transit crowd influx and exchange which needs to be acknowledged and handled.
Pedestrianisation A spillover of transit crowd around junctions and onto the main roads obstruct effective traffic flow. Also due to the people crowd, hawkers encroach on effective road and junction space curbing the effective traffic flow. It is observed that both can be absorbed into one stretch of pedestrian friendly plazas and parks at the esplanade, with an integration of the needs of the residents by the introduction of missing greenscapes and recreational land use.
Public exhibition hall
Towards Broadway PublicExhibition exhibitionspace Hall
SECTION THROUGH ESPLANADE
Shops
High court Metro
Food street
High court Metro
Food street
Urban park Food street
SECTION THROUGH ESPLANADE
ESPLANADE AT GRADE
OAT AND URBAN PARK
URBAN PARK