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A pictograph is a simplified image or icon often used as a representation of a person, place, or thing to convey a message about that person, place, or thing.
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An ideograph is a simplified image or icon often used as a representation of an idea to convey a message about that idea.
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A petroglyph is a pictograph image created by removing a layer thin layer of rock.
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Hieratic scale is when one element of an image is made to be unusually larger than the other elements in the image in order to imply that whatever the element represents is the most important aspect of the image.
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A rebus is a way of communicating an idea through pictures or the combined sounds of the words that the pictures represent.
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A trademark is a mark made to distinguish goods as belonging to or made by a certain person, organization, or nation.
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An illuminated manuscript is an often handmade manuscript where the text is accompanied with usually ornate decoration.
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A ligature is two or more letters joined to represent two letters that are usually consecutive. This saves time for the printer during the printing process.
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An ampersand is a ligature combining the letters “e” and “t” together as “et” meaning “and”.
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Egyptian style in art and design is characterized by symbolism and by being highly stylized. Most Egyptian art is collected from burial sites.
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Calligraphy is a process of creating letters with a brush and ink, usually in one stroke. This results in a usually stylized writing style with varying thickness of lines.
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Gothic style is a style of architecture that was extremely popular in the latter part of the Renaissance and medieval period. This style is seen in many of Europe’s most popular cathedrals such as Notre Dame Cathedral.
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A chop is a stamp used as a signature or a mark of ownership or trademark.
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Borders are illustrations surrounding a block of text on the edges of a page. They are usually ornate and can be found in illuminated manuscripts.
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Movable type is an element of printing where letters can be individually moved so that printers would not have to carve out an entirely new stamp for every page they printed.
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A Rune stone is a memorial to honor the dead. Usually rune stones are made by Vikings and are scattered around the British Isles, Sweden, and other nations in that region.
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Perspective is an approximate representation of how the eye sees space and distance. Usually this is achieved through the use of vanishing points and techniques such as foreshortening and one-, two-, and threepoint perspective.
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A flying buttress is a means of architectural support more commonly found in gothic style architecture. This support helps to push against the walls to keep them from bowing out under the weight of the vaulted ceilings.
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Stained glass refers to mostly colored glass windows that one might find in a church. The color is achieved by adding metallic salts during the time that the glass is produced.
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A woodcut is a piece of wood with one side carved out to make a stamp for an image that can be produced many times by applying ink to the carved side and pressing it against paper.
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