SI NAUNA
A Literary Folio dedicated to the Philippine History
SI NAUNA A Literary Folio dedicated to the Philippine History
SI NAUNA: A Literary Folio dedicated to the Philippine History Š THE NAMELESS PUBLISHERS, April 2015 Cover Illustration by: Andrea Canlobo
INTRODUCTION Si Nauna ‘The First One’ is a literary folio dedicated to the Philippine History, as the title says. The folio encompasses different events that happened from the early Filipinos (who were now known to be Filipinos yet) up to the Japanese colonization. This is to help you, dear reader, learn a few things about history in a more literary way. I believe it is safe to assume that you are very much interested with both the topic and the medium. With that, we could only hope that you would get something from this folio that you can instill in your knowledge bank for the rest of your life. We present to you different forms of media that try to tell the story of the Filipino past: our ancestors, their struggles, their battles, victories and defeats, good and bad decisions, evolution of culture and beliefs, and social relations with other countries. Some are in the form of poems that are ensured with relatively easy-to-understand terminologies for easy understanding. Others may be difficult as they are told in art form, which requires your mind to be active. It is up to you to interpret, but we hope that you can get the message. There are also stories to give additional information to you about the past, which hopefully would teach values as well.
With that, we will now let you start indulging this folio.
Take it all in!
Mabuhay ang Pilipinas, Mabuhay ang Pilipino!
Madeleine Miranda Editor-in-Chief
TABLE OF CONTENTS POEMS Pilipinas Bago Ang Panahon ng Espanyol Tristan Dranel Papa
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Boda 3 Madeleine Miranda Ekonomiya sa Mata ng Nakaraan 4 Tristan Dranel Papa What Changed Us 9 Lester James Garcia Explorasyon at Kasakiman 12 Lester James Garcia Alipin 13 John Chrysler Gutierrez Tira-tira ng Digmaang Pilipino-Amerikano 16 Tristan Dranel Papa Hatred During the War 21 Tristan Dranel Papa Pare-parehas Lamang Sila 23 Lester James Garcia Pagkakaiba 27 Lester James Garcia
SHORT STORIES Simula ng Lahi 7 John Chrysler Gutierrez A True Hero 18 Madeleine Miranda Para sa Papel Bukas 24 Madeleine Miranda
ART After Effect 2 Andrea Canlobo Binibing Pilipina 5 Andrea Canlobo Rebolusyon 8 Leon John Christopher Reyes God, Gold, Glory 10 Leon John Christopher Reyes Frailocracy 11 Andrea Canlobo Philippines for Filipinos 14 John Chrysler Gutierrez Columns Leading to War 15 Andrea Canlobo William Howard Taft 17 Leon John Christopher Reyes Patakarang Pagbalik Kultura 22 Andrea Canlobo
PHOTOS Lolo Muring and Lola Pura 20 (A Reference To: A True Hero by Madeleine Miranda)
Para kay Ginoong Ronaldo Mactal
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PILIPINAS BAGO ANG PANAHONG ESPANYOL Tristan Dranel Papa Pagdating sa Pilipinas, ang unang namasdan Ay isang komunidad, sa tawag na barangay. May mga namumuno na datu at sultan, Kaya masasabing may pamahalaang tunay. Sa maiging pagmamasid, iyong mapapansin Ang likas na kayamanan sa kapaligiran. At sa oras na ang mamamaya’y iyong kilalanin, Hahanga sa kultura’t mga kaugalian. Ngunit bakit pagdating ng mga banyaga, Tayo’y nabansagan na hindi sibilisado? Dahil ba sa siyudad na hindi nila nakita? O dahil sa kakulangan ng ating estado? Gawing sibilisado ang mga Pilipino, Ito raw ang dahilan ng kanilang paglusob. Ngunit ang iniwan lang ng mga pagbabago Ay sistemang marungis, ekonomiyang taob.
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A Literary Folio dedicated to the Philippine History
AFTER EFFECT Andrea Canlobo
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BODA
Madeleine Miranda Narito na ikaw, kasama ang iyong ina at ang ama Papalapit ka na sa akin, Kumakabog ang aking puso Kahit na bumalik ang oras wala pa ang mga kalaban, ako’y magsisikap; magpapayaman makikipagsundo sa iyong ama mapasaakin ka lang Tulad ng paghihirap ko na manligaw sa iyo, totoo, giliw sa akin ka pa rin iibig Dahil ikaw ang diyamanteng Habambuhay kong mamahalin
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A Literary Folio dedicated to the Philippine History
EKONOMIYA SA MATA NG NAKARAAN Tristan Dranel Papa
Mga barkong malalaki’t mga produktong sari-sari, Ang iyong mapagmamasdan sa isang kalakalan. Damit, Pagkain, alahas, at iba pa’y dapat mong bilhin Para iyong matugunan: Kagustuha’t pangangailangan Sa Kalakalan, palitan ang kailangan, Sa tagabenta’t tagabili naman ay pagkakasunduan. Ilan lamang ito sa mga dapat tandaan, Upang makamtan ang yamang dulot nitong ugnayan. Lahat man ay maayos at tila mapayapa, Sa araw ng bayaran, sumusuklab ang alitan Dahil ang isa ay hindi pa nagbabayad, Halagang inutang ay napapatungan. Ang lahat ng ito ang iyong daratnan, Kung sakaling ika’y nabuhay sa nakaraan. Nawa’y sa isip ay iyong nailarawan, Ang kasaysayang nagdala ng ating kasalukuyan.
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BINIBININ 5
Andrea
A Literary Folio dedicated to the Philippine History
NG PILIPINA Canlobo
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SIMULA NG LAHI John Chrysler Gutierrez
Ayon sa mga ninuno, ang Diyos na lumikha ng mundo ay si Minat. Ayon sa paniwala ng marami ay matagal na siyang namumuhay na nag-iisa dito sa daigdig. Hindi nagtagal at siya ay nakaramdam ng pagkalungkot sa kanyang pag-iisa. Para maiwasan ang ganitong pangyayari ay nag-isip siya ng isang magandang paraan. Isang araw ay naisipan niyang kumuha ng lupa upang gawing mga tao, sa gayon ay malulutas ang kanyang kalungkutan. Iniluto niya sa pugon ang lupang kanyang ginawa. Sa hindi maipaliwanag na pangyayari ay nakalimutan niya ito, kaya’t nang kanyang buksan niya ay maitim at sunog. Ang lumabas na sunog ay naging nuno ng mga Negro at Ita. Hindi nasiyahan si Minat sa una niyang niluto. Kumuha ulit siya ng lupa at hinubog na anyong tao at isinilid sa pugon. Sa takot niyang ito’y masunog tulad ng una, hinango niya agad sa kalan. Ang lumabas ngayon ay hilaw at maputi. Muling humubog si Bathala ng lupa at iniluto sa pugon. Palibhasa’y ikatlo na niyang pagsubok ito, hindi napaaga hindi rin napahuli ang pagkakahango niya sa pugon. Hustong-husto ang pagkakaluto ngayon at katamtaman ang kulay. Ito ang pinagmulan ng lahing kayumanggi na kinabibilangan natin.
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A Literary Folio dedicated to the Philippine History
REBOLUSYON Leon John Christopher Reyes
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WHAT CHANGED US
Lester James Garcia
For whatever reason it is, Be it 3G’s or 5D’s Or any other motives You still changed our lives Spouting sweet words to charm The Indios that you think we are Then invading our country And monopolizing our economy For better or for worse You have left us with your curse And because we are diverse We became adverse Whatever it is that you wanted to give us But the true reason for conquering us is that; You wanted to have something And you still tried to take away everything
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A Literary Folio dedicated to the Philippine History
GOD, GOLD, GLORY Leon John Christopher Reyes
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FRAILOCRACY Andrea Canlobo
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A Literary Folio dedicated to the Philippine History
EXPLORASYON AT KASAKIMAN Lester James Garcia
Sa panahon ng kanilang explorasyon Kristiyanismo ang kanilang dinala sa isang bansa sa silangan Na aksidente nilang natagpuan At nang dito sila’y napadpad Sa ating likas na yaman sila’y namangha’t nabatid na ito ay kanilang pangangailangan At kung tayo’y kanilang masasakop Lakas at kasikatan ay kanilang maaabot Sa karangalang kanilang maiuuwi Pagod ay siguradong mapapawi Ngunit iba ang kinalabasan ang kanilang pinairal ay Kasakiman Ngayon dalawa lang ang kanilang naiuwi; Kahihiyan at dalamhati
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ALIPIN
John Chrysler Gutierrez Maligaya masagana at malayang pamumuhay Nawalang parang bula nang dumating ang banyaga Tayo’y naging alipin sa lupang sariling atin Walang nagawa kundi magmakaawa Napagod maghapon sa pagsasaka Walang nakamtam, sa dayuhan napunta Dugo’t pawis inalay upang makamit ang pangarap Dayuhang mapaniil pasakit ang pinatamasa Tiniis lahat ng hirap Upang makaahon sa pagkadapa Walang imik sa lungga, tahimik na umiiyak Walang matakbuhan sa panahon ng kagipitan Panahon nang bumangon sa mahimbing na tulog Gumising at lumaban sa malupit na espanyol Na siyang kumimkim sa ating pinaghirapan Ito na ang pagsikat ng bagong araw
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A Literary Folio dedicated to the Philippine History
PHILIPPINES FOR FILIPINOS John Chrysler Gutierrez
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COLUMNS LEADING TO WAR Andrea Canlobo
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A Literary Folio dedicated to the Philippine History
TIRA-TIRA NG DIGMAANG PILIPINO-AMERIKANO Tristan Dranel Papa
Ligaya’t kapanatagan ang natagpuan Nuong dineklara ang ating kalayaan Ngunit isang kasunduan ng Espanya’t Amerika Ang nagpabago sa ating tadhana. Isa pang digmaan ang syang sumiklab, At di kalaunan, tayo’y nasakop nga. Ang mga pag-aaklas ay tila walang talab, Sa kakaibang estratihiya ng mga banyagang mandirigma. Muling narungisan ang bansa ng dugo, Ngunit di parin sumuko ang mga Pilipino. Bagamat marami sa ati’y namatay, Atin muling nakamit ang tagumpay. Sa batas, damit, ugali at wika, Ang mga pagbabago’y naging kapansin-pansin. Sa pagka-Pilipino’y tila walang natira, Ano na ang gagawin?
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WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT Leon John Christopher Reyes
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A Literary Folio dedicated to the Philippine History
A TRUE HERO Madeleine Miranda
Mauro “Muring” Elagdon Miranda, my great grandfather, was one of the prisoners of war during the time of the Japanese occupation. He was a soldier tasked to the field artillery and was incharge of support fire before their surrender on the Battle of Bataan. He endured all the difficulties the Japanese threw at them during the infamous Bataan Death March. Fortunately, he was able to be among the lucky few who survived. He died peacefully at the age of 82. My lolo wasn’t rich. He only had his mother and sisters, and he was the only boy left in the family. With this, he felt the need to support his family. When he graduated High School, he decided to work as a road builder… until the Japanese came. He then decided to join the military because he knew that he would earn more there, and of course, it was an opportunity for him to serve the country. My lolo was very bright and brave. He once battled with the HUKBALAHAP and was able to capture one of them, earning him a spot on the front page of the newspapers then. Also, because of his intelligence, he was trained to man and fire the artillery pieces—which caused his partial deafness. After all, hearing the loud roars of cannons would really be louder than one can ever imagine. Alas, when Gen. McArthur fled Bataan, my Lolo, along with his comrades, were forced to surrender the battle and were taken prisoners by the Japanese military. The Bataan Death March was as bad as it sounds in history books. Thousands of Filipino and American soldiers were forced to walk their way from Mariveles, Bataan to San Fernando, Pampanga. They walked under the heat of the sun and barely rested during the night. The Japanese didn’t give them food or water- the reason why a lot of soldiers fainted during the long arduous journey, however if they do they were surely bayoneted to death. There was one man, Jose “Eping” de los Reyes, who fainted while walking during the March. Knowing what was coming to him, Lolo Muring hurriedly went to his side and helped him up and supported him the rest of the way until they stopped to rest. That’s how they formed their friendship. They were fortunate to be among those who were able to reach Capas, Tarlac. When their relatives learned that they were there, some went to provide them food. Eping’s sisters, Paring and Pura, were able to go there and give them food and water. That is how my Lolo met his future wife, Lola Pura.
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Life as a captive in Capas was not easy. The place was not sanitary, exposing them to various diseases, especially Malaria. Lolo himself caught the disease, but he remained strong nonetheless. He massaged the other prisoners who had the worst cases of the malady so their trembling would lessen. He also gave portions of the food he and Lolo Eping received from Lola Paring and Lola Pura. Fortunately, my Lolo was able to survive and make a family with my Lola Pura. He was acknowledged for the bravery and valor he showed during and after the war, earning him various medals in turn. Sadly, my heroic lolo died at the age of 82 last 2003 as a retired Brig. General, and he was given a 21-gun salute as a sign of respect for his bravery, strength, and service during the Pacific Theatre of the Second World War.
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That was the story of a real hero in my life.
A Literary Folio dedicated to the Philippine History
LoLo MURING AND LoLa PURA
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HATRED DURING THE WAR Tristan Dranel Papa
Asia for the Asians, the Japanese ideal But in our eyes reality states: “Japan presents ordeal!” They start by shaving our resource, Closing our economic doors. Worse is using violence, Thinking we’re so dense. Please leave our beloved Philippines Repent for all your sins. Before all turns to the worse, By being bind to our curse
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A Literary Folio dedicated to the Philippine History
PATAKARANG PAGBALIK KULTURA Andrea Canlobo
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PARE-PAREHAS LAMANG SILA
Lester James Garcia
Kolonisasyon at Katolisismo ang estratehiyang ginamit sa ating mga Pilipino ng mga dayuhang mapanakit Edukasyon at Kalayaan naman ang pangako ng mga dayuhang Mapuputi Pero mga kalokohan lang ang mga ito at tiwala lang natin ang kanilang gusto Pagbabalik ng Kulturang Pilipino ang sinabi ng mga dayuhang asyano pero ito’y pawang kasinungalinan lang at pareparehas lang sila ng kagustuhan At ito ay ang masakop tayo, Makuha ang ating mga tiwala, at Ipamukhang tayo ay tanga sa harap nila na diyos-diyosan kung umasta
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A Literary Folio dedicated to the Philippine History
PARA SA PAPER BUKAS Madeleine Miranda
Bukas, may ipapasa akong paper. Biro lang, may ipapasa kaming paper. Gawaing pangpangkat siya. “What do we do?” tanong ni Britney. Britney Sanders. Isa siyang Amerikana na kalahating Pilipino, pero sa Amerika na siya lumaki. Blonde ang kanyang diretsong buhok na umaabot hanggang sa balakang niya. Yung kutis niya, maputing namumula-mula. Lalo na ang kanyang mga pisngi. “I’m not sure…” sagot ni Hikari. Isa siyang Hapones na kalahating Pinoy rin. Hindi rin siya marunong magsalita ng Filipino, pero nakakasalita siya ng Ingles. Maikli ang kanyang itim na buhok, lagpas lang ng kaunti sa kanyang tainga. Tama lang kulay niya, pero mas maputi pa rin siya sa akin. “Don’t worry! Popoy knows! Diba, Poy?” sabi ni Ricardo. Kalahating Espanyol si Ricardo, pero Pinoy pa rin. Awa ng Diyos, nakakapagtagalog si Ricardo dahil mababaliw ako kung ako lang nagtatagalog sa grupo. Matangkad si Ricardo at balingkinitan. Kababata ko rin si Ricardo, kaya tawag niya sa akin ay Popoy, ang aking palayaw. Ako nga pala si Paulo. “Popoy” para sa mga malalapit kong kaibigan at pamilya. Purong Pilipino ako, walang ibang lahi. Pero ang sabi ng nanay, may kakaunti raw kaming lahing Espanyol pero para sa akin, natabunan na iyon ng pagka-Pilipino. Kasalukuyan akong nasa ikaapat na taon ng hayskul. At ito nga, may paper akong pinoproblema. Ang nakakaloka, tungkol sa kahit saan pa ito, basta sa kasaysayan. “Um, I believe we should do a paper about history. It can be about anything, as long as it is within the scope of history.” Paliwanag ko. Tumambay lang kami sa maliit na bahay-kubo sa tapat ng bahay namin. “Ah! Alam ko na, syempre the easiest is the Spanish Colonization, right? Because that’s like the majority of Philippine History, right? That gave the most impact to the country, right? Tama, Poy? Right?” Sumang-ayon naman ako. May punto naman siya. “No! It’s the Americans who gave the most impact to the Philippines. Just look—the way Filipinos dress. Shirt and jeans? Guess where that came from? The names! Mark, John, Luke, Matthew, very American!” banat ni Britney. “You know what you said, Britney? Those are the four gospels, from the Christian religion. Guess 24
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where that came from, the Spaniards!” Mayabang na sinagot ni Ricardo. Nakita kong kumunot ang noo ni Britney. Hala, mukhang this is Sparta. “The Spaniards are the reason why the Philippines were stripped off of their identity! Luckily, the Americans are so kind, so they liberated the Filipinos! Without them, poor Philippines would still be under the Spaniards cruel rule.” Sabi ni Britney. Nagtitigan na ng masama sina Britney at Ricardo. Gusto ko sanang pagaanin ang sitwasyon. “Kalma lang kayo—“ “Excuse me, miss beautiful. But the Americans just used that to hide their true intentions. They wanted to takeover the Philippines as well, you know. Hikaru, what do you think? Spanish regime or American regime?” biglang tanong ni Ricardo kay Hikaru. Lahat kami tumingin sa kanya. Nakatikom lang ang bibig niya. Huminga siya ng malalim, at nagsalita. “I think, we should do the Japanese occupation instead. It is commonly less-talked about compared to the Spanish and American regime. After all, the Japanese did not only want to occupy the country, but they wanted to share their culture as well. I think, if the Japanese had a longer time in occupying the Philippines, they would have contributed the most. Looking back, it was them who urged the Filipinos to speak their native tongue once again.” Sabi ni Hikaru. “No! I refuse. The American regime should be our topic. It’s more significant because this was the time when major changes were made in the country. Lots of rules and regulations were made. And truth to be told, the Americans saved the Philippines. They even gave education to the Filipinos, both rich and poor.” Ani ni Britney. Kanina pa niya pinapalo ang mesa tuwing may punto siyang sinasabi. “But it’s the Spaniards who made the Filipinos unite and become stronger and built their love for their country and fellowmen. They gave us new products, religion, customs, crops—“ “And forced labor! Discrimination!” isiningit ni Britney. “Hindi naman ito about the bad things they did, Brit. It’s about the significance of their colonialization.” “Why? The American colonization had more significance than them!” “Can’t we just stick with the Japanese occupation? There were a significant amount of deaths of both Americans and Filipinos during the Bataan March. That’s got to be important, right? I know most of the events that happened are bad things… but it’s still important in the formation of our country, right?” sinubukang ipaliwanag ni Hikaru. Pero mukhang hindi papatinag sina Britney at Ricardo. 25
“I don’t want to talk about bad things when we can talk about the good things, and most of them
A Literary Folio dedicated to the Philippine History
are found during the American regime!” sabi ni Britney. “We can actually do a mix of both bad and good things, and we can find it in the Spanish regime! We all know that that’s most important.” Sagot ni Ricardo. “TEKA!” di ko na napigilan. Kailangan nang tumigil nito. Kung hindi, baka batuhin na kami ng palakol dito ng mga kapitbahay sa ingay namin. “Alam niyo, all that you’re saying are equally important events that helped mold the country we have now. Pero if this goes on, baka magka-World War III pa. We’re all Filipinos here, right? I suggest let’s just work on the lives of the Filipinos when they weren’t known as Filipinos yet.” Paliwanag ko. “You mean…” simula ni Hikaru. “Oo. The Filipinos during the pre-colonial period. When they were still free living their lives, without the interference of any colonial entity.” Parang blanko ang mga mukha ng mga kagrupo ko. Tila nag-iisip kung ano mayroon sa panahong iyon. “But we don’t know much about them.” Sabi ni Britney. “Poy, ito ba yung mga Homo Habilis? Tabon man?” tinanong ni Ricardo. Umiling ako habang tumatawa. “Hindi naman, Ric. Ito yung mga tao na sinakop ng mga Espanyol. These are the people who lived in the Philippines when it wasn’t discovered yet. Did you know that they were already trading with nearby Asian countries? We had a supply of tobacco, cacao, cotton and bees wax before. There was also a small political entity before composed of Rajas and Datus. They like to live near bodies of water because they know the soil there can grow food and they would have water to drink.” Natahimik silang tatlo. Si Britney ang unang nagsalita makalipas ng ilang segundo. “I think, that’s more interesting because personally, I don’t know much about the early Filipinos. What we could’ve been like if we weren’t colonized and all; Our true identity. I want to know that, and I’m willing to research on this.” sabi niya. Napangiti ako sa tuwa. Pumayag siya sa idea ko! Tiningnan ko si Hikaru at Ricardo. “Well, I’d like to know more about them as well, so I’ll go with you.” Sabi ni Hikaru. Nakipag-apir ako sa kanya sa tuwa. Si Ricardo nalang tinitingnan naming tatlo. “O, ano pa nga ba? Eh para walang away at kampi-kampi tayong lahat… aba! Tara na sa sinaunang Pilipino! Let’s do this!” sabi niya at niyakap kaming tatlo. Nakakaloka. 5:30 PM na. Sobrang tagal ng brainstorming namin. Cram mode na!
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PAGKAKAIBA Lester James Garcia
Hindi man parehas ang ating sinasabi Tayo’y nagkakaintindihan parin Hindi man iisa ang ating pananaw Tayo’y nagkakaunawaan parin Hindi man sentralisado ang ating kalakaran Tayo’y nagkakaisa parin Ganito talaga ang takbo ng buhay Hindi lahat pareparehas Minsan talaga kailangan Tayo ay magkakaiba Upang malaman natin ng lubusan Ang ating mga pangangailangan Dito sa ating mundong tinitirahan
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SI NAUNA ©2015