Professional Diver, Issue 6, Summer 2024

CLEAN ENERGY

EDITORIAL

Publisher/Editor: Taira Caton taira@professionaldiver.co.uk Tel: 0333 121 5474

Copy Editor/Contributor: John Hancock john@professionaldiver.co.uk

CONTRIBUTORS

Robert F Cole

Richard Taffs / TMS Paul Edwards / EDS SMP TAC Healthcare / PDA

ADVERTISEMENTS

Call 0333 121 5474 sales@professionaldiver.co.uk

MAGAZINE PRODUCTION AND PRINTING

Dean Cook, The Magazine Production Company, tel: 01273 911730 deancook@magazineproduction.com

Professional Diver is a magazine published by UK ADC Ltd PO Box 3138, Reading. RG1 9FN. UK Tel: 0333 121 5474

Registered in England and Wales, 10382894. Registered office: 1 Cedar Office Park, Cobham Road, Wimborne, BH21 7SB

©2024 UK ADC Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of the Publishers. Great care is taken to ensure accuracy in the preparation of this publication, but neither UK ADC Ltd or the editor can be held responsible for its contents. The views expressed are those of the contributors and not necessarily those of the Publishers. UK ADC Ltd.

DISCLAIMER: The Association of Diving Contractors (the “Association”) provides any information, education and advice in good faith to its members for their convenience and reference. The Association accepts no liability for anything contained in the information provided or for the consequences of using such information in commercial contracting or otherwise. The employees and agents of the Association, including without limitation the Association Secretary, are not responsible in any way for the commercial or business consequences of using any Association resources or information provided or received in Association materials or during Association events. If you are in any doubt about the commercial or legal effect of any action, please take independent legal advice.

WELCOME

It is great to see that the Inland Inshore sector remains extremely busy.

And, as an Association, over the past few years we have seen the level of engagement increase significantly from Dive Contractors, Divers and Clients, which is fantastic news. We have also seen the number of attendees at our AGM and Regional Meetings increase and that our members are keen to share ideas.

Members are increasingly recognising how networking does benefit them by learning from each other’s experience and having a network to reach out to in procuring work, equipment and resources.

As an association representing the Inland/Inshore industry we continue to support our members with keeping them updated and ensuring they are aware of and putting in place good practice. We continue to engage with clients, providing education and training to ensure they are up to speed with their responsibilities when employing Dive Contractors.

We have also recently updated the 2016 Diving Supervisors Manual, a useful book that covers most aspects of inshore diving. This has recently gone to print and will be available to order shortly.

ADC INLAND/INSHORE

DIVERS LOG BOOK

ADC Inland/Inshore Divers Log Book with record of Supervisor Activity. 177 pages with the option to log 5 daily dives per page. 18 pages to log record of supervisor activity

Member Price: £22.00

Non-Member price: £25.50

ADC INLAND/INSHORE

DIVING SUPERVISORS

LOG BOOK

ADC Inland/Inshore Diving Supervisors Log Book. 199 pages with the option to log 3 daily dives per page.

Member Price: £22.00

Non-Member price: £25.50

THE INSHORE DIVING SUPERVISORS MANUAL

A5 size ADC Diving Supervisors Manual. Third Edition – Issue 1

Member Price £30.00

Non-Member Price: £45.00

VAT not applicable

MF 001 — MODEL SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

ADC-MSMS-001 Issue 1 Model Safety Management System

Member Price £35.00

Non-Member Price: £45.00

VAT not applicable

order, visit:

MF 002 — MODEL FORMAT FOR THE ASSURANCE OF DIVING PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

ADC-MF002 Issue 1. Model Format for the Assurance of Diving Plant and Equipment applicable to Diving Contractors Working Inland/Inshore in the UK and Ireland.

Member Price £35.00

Non-Member Price: £45.00

VAT not applicable

MF 003 — MODEL FORMAT FOR THE CREATION OF A CHAMBER OPERATORS HANDBOOK

ADC-MF003 Issue 1. Model Format for the creation of a Chamber Operators Handbook

Member Price £35.00

Non-Member Price: £45.00

VAT not applicable

COP:001 — CONDUCTING DIVING OPERATIONS IN CONNECTION WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS.

ADC – CoP:001 Issue 2. Code of Practice for ‘Conducting Diving Operations in Connection with Renewable Energy Projects’.

Member Price £35.00

Non-Member Price: £45.00

VAT not applicable

Preparing Whiteadder Reservoir for a cleaner future

Edwards Diving Services (EDS) built the foundations for a clean renewable energy scheme in Scotland

Words: Edwards Diving Services (EDS)

As part of a pioneering renewable energy generation scheme underway at Whiteadder Reservoir, East Lothian, Edwards Diving Services (EDS) have successfully completed an installation project as the Diving Contractor for Scottish Water. Starting in early 2023, EDS delivered a range of services to assist in the complex project planning and delivery of a Hydroelectric facility at Whiteadder Reservoir. The new 199kw turbine is expected to produce 0.82GWh of renewable energy per year. This impressive

output is achieved utilising only the excess drinking water supply, a flow of between 500-1200 litres per second, without any reduction to the required customer output of the reservoir.

The groundbreaking project, representing a substantial investment by Scottish Water, is the first in Europe to utilise a syphon fed turbine system. The installation draws water from the reservoir, through

“EDS delivered a range of services to assist in the complex project planning and delivery of a Hydroelectric facility at Whiteadder Reservoir. The new 199kw turbine is expected to produce 0.82GWh of renewable energy per year.”

“At the project outset, EDS produced detailed mapping of the subsea region prior to commencement of the works, collecting both LiDAR and Multibeam Sonar data as well as using contemporary surveying methods.”

the hydro turbine and into the compensatory release to the river downstream. It is water that has to be released to ensure a constant flow to the existing riverbed, and is not only supplying fresh clean water to the natural habitat, but is also is generating electricity whilst doing so.

GROUNDWORK TO PREPARE THE WAY

As with most reservoirs, the only certainty of the bed below the water level was what has been seen when the reservoir has been drawn down over previous summers. Requiring information more reliable than the anecdotes of local fishermen, at the project outset, EDS produced detailed mapping of the subsea region prior to commencement of the works, collecting both LiDAR and Multibeam Sonar data as well as using contemporary surveying methods. The subsequent coordinated 3D models produced allowed detailed design of the underwater elements, clearing all of the unknowns to the dam revetment condition and reducing the project risks at an early stage.

As ever, spending time on the groundwork investigation paid dividends in the later stages of the project. To ensure a consistent grading along the syphon footprint, ground preparation required an integrated approach to the use of diving and survey equipment. This allowed bed preparation to be undertaken within very small tolerances, further enabling precision installation of 4T concrete bi-flex mattresses, and ductile iron 800mm diameter pipework without any snags at the latter stages.

“The electricity harnessed on this site will be used to offset the power consumed by the largest pumping station in the area, named Hungry Snout, which pumps 32 million litres per day.”

WORKING IN HIGHLY REGULATED CONDITIONS

To allow diving operations to take place within stringent drinking Water environmental controls, several challenges had to be overcome. We had to utilise our steel modular pontoon systems, large enough to support the weights required but also small enough to allow access for the narrow lanes leading up to the reservoir. In order to minimise the use of fuels over the drinking water supply, the use of a single HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil, a paraffinic diesel fuel that can be used as a direct replacement for both red and white diesel) fuelled 20kVA generator which was used to power all other assets on the dive barge. This included 3 phase lifting equipment with 5 tonne capacity and an electric hydraulic bio-oil power pack to ensure the divers had use of all hydraulic tools at their disposal. These electrical solutions have now been used across several sites, allowing diving operations to be completed in a cleaner, and more environmentally safe manner for all clients.

The electricity harnessed on this site will be used to offset the power consumed by the largest pumping station in the area, named Hungry Snout, which pumps 32 million litres per day to Castle Moffat treatment works, covering most of East Lothian. With the use of renewable energy from the turbine, Scottish Water will significantly reduce the carbon emissions from the pumping station, saving approximately 111 tonnes of carbon per annum.

EDS are proud to have been part of a project which endorses such a positive environmental objective and look forward to be working on further Hydroelectric schemes in the very near future.

The Second Edition 2016 ADC Supervisors’ Manual has been updated

The latest Supervisor Manual

3rd Edition – Issue 1

June 2024

Available to order from June

The industry leading ADC Supervisors Manual, which has been in existence since 2000, has been updated over the years to take into consideration changes to industry, legislation and guidance. It is a useful manual that contains key information for anyone working in the Commercial Diving Industry, especially Inland/Inshore in the UK and Ireland.

THE ADC SUPERVISORS’ MANUAL COVERS:

General Health & Safety

• The Health & Safety at Work Act 1974 / Risk assessments / Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE);

• Lifting operations and regulations;

• Various work methods including the use of wires, ropes, winches, hand tools, power tools, HP Water jets, lifting bags, welding and explosives, as well as working with ROV’s.

Management

• Documentation – safety management system / certification and maintenance, logbooks and incident reporting;

• Duties and responsibilities – Dive Contractor, Dive Team and Dive Supervisor.

Dive Planning and Emergencies

• Dive planning –What does it need to include;

• Risk assessments;

• Environmental conditions;

• Emergency action planning - managing an emergency / decompression procedures / loss of comms / loss of gas / Diver Recovery.

Operational

• Team size;

• Communication;

• Exposure limits / Diving equipment / Procedures during diving / Control panels / Dive locations / Restricted spaces;

• Chamber operation;

• Plant and equipment selections;

• Lift planning;

• Differential pressure hazards;

• Noise at work.

Diving Physics and Calculations

Diving Medicine and First Aid

Gas handling and awareness

Gas storage;

Air and gas purity;

Cylinder identification.

For more information visit: seawork.com contact: +44 1329 825 335 or email: info@seawork.com

Seawork celebrates its 25th anniversary in 2024!

The 25th edition of Europe’s largest commercial marine and workboat exhibition, is a proven platform to build business networks. Seawork delivers an international audience of visitors supported by our trusted partners.

UNDERWATER INTERVENTION PAVILION & DIVEWORK TRAIL

A showcase for the professional diving and subsea industries, covering offshore, inshore and inland activity.

DiveWork Lounge located in the Pavilion

DiveWork Trail featuring Diving & Underwater Services at Seawork

Dive Tank on the Quayside where all the latest underwater equipment and services can be demonstrated.

Use the Diving & Underwater Services Subsea, Hydrography category on Seawork.com to connect with this industry sector all year.

Seawork Dive Tank Programme 2024

Dive Tank Programme 202 4

Seawork Dive Tank Programme

10.00-10.30 Diver Rescue

10.30-11.00 Kirby Morgan Helmet Test

11.00-11.30 JWA Lift Bag Demo

11.30-12.00 Tritex Multiguage 3000 UT

12.00-13.00 STRAUB Pipe Coupling

14.00-14.30 Diver Rescue

14.30-15.00 DX300 Magnetometer

15.00-15.30 JWA Lift Bag Demo

16.00-17.00 STRAUB Pipe Coupling ON DISPLAY

Submertec Spyball Camera Equipment

ROV

‘The Diamond’ Kirby Morgan’s Contaminated Water Helmet

O’Three - Contaminated Water Dry Suit

Submertec Spyball Camera Equipment ROV

‘The Diamond’ Kirby Morgan’s contaminated water Helmet

15.20-16.00 Tritex Multiguage 3000 UT

O’Three – Contaminated water dry suit

Nuneham Viaduct emergency works

Client: Balfour Beatty

Project: Nuneham Viaduct Emergency Works

Value: £2,250,000

Duration: 4 Months: 2023

TMS were called by Balfour Beatty, on bank holiday Good Friday 2023, following the emergency closure of a critical railway link between Oxford and Didcot at the Nuneham Viaduct. This historic, two-span bowstring truss bridge carries both passenger and freight rail traffic over the River Thames and is a vital freight link for the UK. The bridge had been under constant monitoring since suffering progressive settlement of the southern span and after a sudden increase in the deterioration of the abutment, the line was forced to close.

WHAT THE PROJECT ENTAILED

Working on behalf of Balfour Beatty, TMS were appointed as the onsite marine contractor to install temporary works from the river to support the viaduct while reconstruction took place. Following a rapid mobilisation, TMS were on site within days, fully equipped with pontoons, tugs and piling equipment to install two significant pile-supported bridge trusses. These were designed to allow the whole bridge deck to be jacked to facilitate the repairs.

Working in the River Thames using our specialist fleet of modular pontoons allowed easy movement between the river locks and access to the remote site using our shallow draft and high-power tugboats.

LEADING MARINE CIVIL ENGINEERING

Photo

A COMPLEX UNDERTAKING

The project included:

• Working 7 days a week, 24 hours a day, to ensure the emergency works were not only completed but reopened within 65 days.

• Mobilisation of TMS Sinbad Barge and pontoons from Abingdon lock to Nuneham Viaduct.

• Procurement of piling equipment, including 33T & 38T Movax with DH-25 & DH-35 piling hammers.

• Installation of four clusters of six driven tubular piles either side of the viaduct for the temporary works.

• Mobilisation of a 150T crawler crane to act as a service crane for the site.

• Mobilisation of 750T crane to lift the temporary works structure into position under the soffit of the bridge.

• Jacking up of the south side of the bridge by 0.7m.

• Removal of bridge structure using 750t crane under a Network Rail possession.

• Cutting and removal of all temporary riverbed piles.

TMS Maritime is a leading UK specialist in marine civil engineering, ancillary floating plant and diving services.

Photo from: TMS Maritime Ltd Unit 20 & 22B Dawlish Business Park, Dawlish, Devon, EX7 0NH

Viagra and diving: an introduction

Bob Cole DMS FRSCTD explains why a drug that dilates blood vessels must be taken with care by divers

Words: Bob Cole DMS FRSCTD, SAA Decompression Officer

Recently I met up with an old friend who, because of his heart condition and hypertension, no longer dives. The conversation turned to his health and medication – his heart condition and hypertension prohibiting him from diving. He also said that he had been prescribed sildenafil (Viagra). The purpose of which is to open blood vessels to get more blood to his heart.

This started me thinking; because this medication has the effect of increasing blood flow (perfusion) not just to the heart, but also to other places, which is not good for diving. It wasn’t until a few months later that the penny finally dropped. I was on a live-about dive boat in the Red Sea and overheard a young man (to me everyone is young) talking about Viagra, which started me thinking – the point being Viagra dilates (enlarging) blood vessels throughout the body and decompression algorithms can’t account for this fact. So, not a good idea to dive when taking Viagra.

VIAGRA AND THE DIVER

Researchers have concluded that the use of sildenafil (Viagra) and other drugs which cause a similar effect (i.e., PDE5-inhibitors), can promote the onset of decompression illness

“The use of sildenafil (Viagra) and other drugs which cause a similar effect (i.e., PDE5-inhibitors), can promote the onset of decompression illness (DCI) and increases the severity of neurological illness.”

(DCI) and increases the severity of neurological illness. It dilates (widens) blood vessels to promote an increase in blood-flow (perfusion) to provide certain beneficial effects not associated with diving. The increased risk of DCI is due to the extra blood-flow caused by these drugs. Wider blood vessels do not only increase blood/oxygen delivery; they also allow more inert gas to be taken up by your body via the additional perfusion. This may exceed the inert gas design limits

of your personal decompression computer (PDC) or Tables: increasing the risk of DCI. It means you’re off the map and unable to determine your decompression obligation.

WHEN YOU SHOULD STOP TAKING VIAGRA

If you are taking Viagra for a heart condition or similar, you should not be diving unless you have a positive diving medical certificate from a cardiologist with experience of diving and a hyperbaric doctor. For those using Viagra for other reasons, there was no clear message given by the researchers regarding when to stop taking the drug and diving. However, the halflife of Sildenafil (Viagra) is 4 hours, Vardenafil (Levitra) is 4-6 hours and Tadalafil (Cialis) is 17.5 hours. Which means that the strength of the drug reduces to half by the period shown. To completely clear these drugs from your system takes six half-lives: Sildenafil (Viagra): 24 hours, Vardenafil (Levitra): 36 hours and Tadalafil (Cialis): 105 hours.

NEW MEMBERS

Please welcome the following recent new members to the Association.

Wetworx Marine Services

Full Member

Aberdeen Diving Services Ltd

Associate Member

Chambers Oceanics Ltd

Associate Member

DChampion Consultants Ltd

Associate Member

Alpha Marines Services Ltd

Associate Member

Leander Consultancy Ltd

Associate Member

DKG Diving Services Ltd

Corresponding Member Semesco Co Ltd

Associate Member

CADI - Central African Diving School Corresponding Member

Members contact details new and old can be found on the ADC website: www.adc-uk.info/find-a-member/

Article taken from: Avoiding the Bends – Risk Reduction, Bob Cole DMS FRSCTD - SAA Decompression Officer ISBN: 978 1905 492 466 Printed and Distributed by: AquaPress Ltd, 25 Farriers Way, Temple Farm Industrial Estate, Southend-on-Sea, SS2 5RY, United Kingdom.

ADC Members

ASSOCIATE MEMBERS

Aberdeen Diving Services Ltd

Alpha Marine Services Ltd (AMS Ltd)

Arch Henderson LLP

BAE Systems Surface Ships Ltd

Bauer Kompressoren UK Ltd

BIM - Bord Iascaigh Mhara

C-Tecnics Ltd

Canal & River Trust

Chambers Oceanics Ltd

Commercial Diver Training Ltd

Commercial Rib Charter

Consortium Underwater Eng Ltd

Create Safe Ltd

DChampion Consultants Ltd

DDRC Healthcare

Dive Safe Services Ltd

Dive Systems Technical Services Ltd

Environment Agency

Fairlocks Pool Products

Health & Safety Authority

Herbosch-Kiere UK Ltd

Hytech-Pommec

Interdive Services Ltd

iSubC Diving Equipment Ltd

JFD Ltd & National

Hyperbaric Centre

JW Automarine

KB Associates Europe Ltd

Leander Consultancy Ltd

Namaka Subsea

Northern Rib Hire

O’Three Ltd

Prodive Consultancy Ltd

Professional Diving Academy

QinetiQ

RNLI

RPS Group Ltd

RWE Renewables UK Ltd

Submarine Manufacturing & Products Ltd

Submertec

The Superintendent of Diving

The Underwriting Exchange

Tritex NDT Ltd

Triton Grey Ltd

TWI Technology Centre

North East

Unique Seaflex Ltd (UK)

United Utilities

University of Plymouth

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS

Aquatec Marine Services Ltd

Brasal Marine Services CY

CADI - Central African

Diving School

Deep-Marine Ltd

Dive Marine Services (Gibraltar) Ltd

DKG Diving Services LLC

Gulf Marine Contracting FZE

Hull Diving Services

Inter Dive Diving Services PVT Ltd

Inter Dive Marine Services LLC

International Diving

Schools Assoc

ISAT Underwater Technologies

Kirby Morgan Dive Systems Inc

Novel Marine Services LLC

O.R.C Marine Ltd (ex Resolve Marine)

SCAMP Contractors Ltd

Semesco Co Ltd

SMARTDIVES LLC

Subsea Technology LLP

SUBSERVICES SL

Synergy Sub Sea Engineering LLC

UWPS - UnderWater

Professional Services

FULL MEMBERS

ABCO Divers Ltd

Aberdeen Marine Ltd

Aegean Diving Services Ltd

Andark Ltd

Apex Diving & Marine

Associated Diving Services Ltd

Babcock Marine

Bridgeway Consulting Limited

Briggs Marine Contractors Ltd

Caldive Limited

Clyde Commercial Diving Ltd

Commercial and

Specialised Diving Ltd

Commercial Diving and Maritime Ltd

Constructex Ltd

Dagger

DCN Diving UK

Dive and Marine

Contractors Limited

DiveCo Marine Ltd

Divers UK (International) Ltd

DiveTech UK

DSMC

Durrant Diving & Engineering Services Ltd

Edwards Diving Services Ltd

Falmouth Divers Limited

Gareloch Support Services

(Plant) Ltd

Geomarine Jersey Limited

Grampian Diving Services

Hughes Subsea Services Ltd

Hulltec Limited

Inspire Structures Ltd

Irish Sea Contractors Ltd

Isle of Man Government

James Fisher Marine

Services Limited

Jifmar Subsea Alba Ltd (North West Marine Ltd)

Kaymac Marine & Civil

Engineering Limited

KBS Maritime Ltd

Kew Diving

Leask Marine Ltd

Lochs Diving Services Ltd

Malakoff Ltd

MCS Subsea Ltd (Marine & Civil Solutions Ltd)

Millennium Marine

Contractors Ltd

MMC Diving Services

MSDS Marine Ltd

Norfolk Marine & General Ltd

Norfolk Marine Ltd

Northern Divers (Eng) Ltd

Ocean Kinetics Limited

Port of London Authority

Quay Diving Services

Quest Underwater Services Ltd

Reach Engineering

& Diving Services Ltd

Red7 Inshore Diving Ltd

RockSalt Subsea Ltd

RS Divers Ltd

Salvage & Marine Operations IPT

Salvesen (UK) Ltd

Sea-Lift Diving Limited

Sealane Inshore Ltd

Seatec UK Limited

Seatech Commercial

Diving Services Ltd

Seawide Services Limited

Seawork Marine Services Ltd

Sellafield Ltd

Serco Ltd

Shearwater Marine Services Ltd

Specialised Diving Services

Sub Aqua Diving Services Ltd

Subsea Marine Ltd

SULA Diving Ltd

Teignmouth Maritime

Services Ltd

The SMS Group Ltd

UK Diveworks Commercial Ltd

Underwater Construction

Corporation UK Ltd

Underwater Diving Services Ltd

UXO Groundworks

Valkyrie Diving Services

Wessex Archaeology

Wetworx Marine Services Ltd

Xeiad Ltd

Birmingham, November 2023

ADC AGM 2023

The Association of Diving Contractors Inland/Inshore annual event

Our annual two day AGM was a great success, huge turn out with lots of great speakers and engagement from the audience. Thank you to all those who attended and who presented.

Our AGM in November attracted the largest attendance we have had to date. It is great to have our members prioritise and take time out of their diaries to attend especially when the industry is exceptionally busy.

As well as discussing current ADC activities, we had some great conversations on subjects that are of topical interest to members with some great suggestions on how to move the Inland/Inshore industry forward. As always there was some valuable member feedback.

ADC continues to grow with an increase in membership year on year, plus increased input from the HSE, members, divers, clients and the industry as a whole. Moreover, the association continues to focus on working more with clients, our Client Awareness training courses developed to address the knowledge gap and to support non diving personnel has an increased focus within client groups.

The ADC Supervisors scheme has also continued to grow over the years with over 700 tickets having been issued to date.

The AGM also included some great speakers. Lewis and Derek Beddows gave a very powerful presentation on the tragic incident that left Lewis physically and cognitively challenged and resulted in the loss of his Diving Career. They described the incident, what went wrong and lessons learned. It was a truly thought provoking, presentation. Lewis spoke so eloquently about how it has personally affected his life and continues to do so.

Thijs van der Jagt, Project Director of the Naga7 wreck removal project. One of the biggest wreck removals ever undertaken. Based in The Netherlands he works for SMIT Boskalishave and gave an interesting presentation of the operations of SMIT and projects in which they have been involved.

Judith Tetlow – HSE Chief inspector of Diving, gave the audience an update and overview. Jenny Samuels from CITB and DiveCo’s Drew Allan: Jenny Samuels gave us an overview of the training, support and funding that is available to our industry via CITB. Drew Allan gave us an overview of how this works in principle for DiveCo as well as the benefits and support that are available.

Andy Williamson, Business Development Director at Global Underwater Hub (GUH), gave the audience an insight and intro into who they are and how they support the development of the underwater industry in the UK.

David Gilbert and Bethan Stacey from Deep Water Salvage: David and Bethan are producers of ‘Deep Water Salvage’, a documentary showing salvage operations in the US and UK. They gave us an overview of this series which is now in its fourth season. It was indeed a packed couple of days, the feedback from the audience was great and we are now looking forward to and preparing for our next AGM which will be in Birmingham on the 5th and 6th of November 2024.

Decompression Sickness in Divers

Understanding the Bends

Diving can be an exhilarating experience but has a potential danger that divers must be aware of: decompression sickness, commonly known as ‘the bends’. In this article, we’ll explore what the bends are, its causes, symptoms, and how divers can prevent this potentially serious condition.

WHAT IS THE BENDS?

The bends is a colloquial term for decompression sickness (DCS), a condition that occurs when dissolved gases, primarily nitrogen, come out of solution in the bloodstream and form bubbles. This happens when a diver ascends too quickly after spending time at depth, where the body absorbs more nitrogen due to increased pressure underwater. If the ascent is too rapid, the nitrogen doesn’t have sufficient time to off-gas, leading to the formation of bubbles in the blood and tissues.

SYMPTOMS OF DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS

The symptoms of decompression sickness can range from mild to severe and may include joint and muscle pain, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, and, in extreme cases, neurological symptoms such

“Decompression sickness (DCS), a condition that occurs when dissolved gases, primarily nitrogen, come out of solution in the bloodstream and form bubbles.”

as paralysis and unconsciousness. The severity of the symptoms depends on factors such as the depth and duration of the dive, the rate of ascent, and individual susceptibility.

PREVENTION AND TREATMENT

Preventing the bends is primarily achieved through safe diving practices. Divers are trained to follow established dive tables or dive computers, which provide guidelines on ascent rates and decompression stops.

These tools help divers manage their ascent and allow nitrogen to safely off-gas, reducing the risk of decompression sickness. If symptoms of the bends appear, it is crucial for the diver to seek immediate medical attention. Treatment typically involves

administering pure oxygen to the affected individual to accelerate the elimination of nitrogen from the body.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which involves breathing pure oxygen in a decompression chamber, may be necessary in more severe cases.

CONCLUSION

While the bends may sound ominous, with proper training, adherence to safe diving practices, and awareness of one’s own limitations, divers can significantly reduce the risk of decompression sickness. The underwater world offers a wealth of experiences, and by understanding and respecting the principles of diving physiology, enthusiasts can enjoy the beauty of the ocean while minimising the potential dangers associated with the bends.

SMP are manufacturers of decompression chambers, containerised systems, and various diving support systems. They have been supplying clients across the globe since 1985, creating a wellestablished name in the industry. Contact their special projects team to enquire about their decompression chambers, +44 (0)1772 687775 / special-projects@smp-ltd.co.uk

DIVEMARINESERVICES(Gibraltar)Ltd

Dive Marine Services offers a full and comprehensive range of underwater services to a variety of clients locally and globally, including ship operators, vessel managers, technical managers, shipyards, governmental bodies, law enforcement and salvage contractors.

Our team of qualified commercial divers excel at specialist underwater tasks such as : repair and maintenance, hull cleaning and propeller polishing, welding and other repairs, stabilization of leakages, propeller repairs, niche area cleaning, UWILD/Class Surveys and plugging/blanking, please visit our website below for further information or contact us directly at any time.

www.dmgroupservices.com

24-Hour Hotline: +350 200 688 11

Email: contact.gib@dmgroupservices.com Website: www.dmgroupservices.com

Air compressors in confined spaces

A vital component for safety for safety and effectiveness when space is limited

Confined spaces present unique challenges that require specialised equipment to ensure safety and efficiency. In industries such as construction, mining, and manufacturing, where workers often find themselves in confined spaces, the use of air compressors becomes paramount. These versatile machines play a crucial role in maintaining a safe and productive working environment in spaces with limited access. In this article, we will explore the significance of air compressors in confined spaces.

SAFETY FIRST

Confined spaces, by definition, are areas with limited entry and exit points, poor ventilation, and potential hazards such as toxic gases, lack of oxygen, or the risk of engulfment. Working in such environments requires careful consideration of safety measures. Air compressors contribute significantly to ensuring a safe atmosphere by providing a continuous supply of fresh air or facilitating various tools used in confined spaces.

VENTILATION AND RESPIRATORY SUPPORT

One of the primary functions of air compressors in confined spaces is to provide a reliable source of clean, breathable air. This is achieved with air compressors in conjunction with supplied-air respirators. Workers wear these respirators to protect themselves from harmful gases or contaminants. The compressors draw in ambient air, filter it, and then deliver a steady stream of purified air to the workers, enabling them to breathe safely while performing their tasks.

FIXED COMPRESSORS SOLUTIONS

There are different compressors available to meet the requirements of specific work spaces and jobs.

• Coltri Open HD: The OPEN compressor was designed to meet the demanding requirements of users who heavily utilise it, necessitating substantial charging capabilities, especially in hot, inadequately ventilated, or tropical conditions.

• Coltri Mark 3 Silent: The MARK III SILENT model stands as a remarkable feat of engineering, meticulously crafted to provide effective and accurate control over a range of operational aspects. This series of models signifies a notable progression in the realm of industrial machinery.

POWERING PNEUMATIC TOOLS

Confined spaces often require specialised tools to complete tasks efficiently. Air compressors power a wide range of pneumatic tools commonly used in such environments. These tools include, among others, impact wrenches, drills, grinders, and sanders. Using pneumatic tools not only enhances productivity but also eliminates the risks associated with using electrical equipment in confined spaces.

PORTABLE AND COMPACT DESIGN

In confined spaces, mobility and space efficiency are crucial. Air compressors designed for use in these environments are typically compact and portable. These characteristics make it easier to transport the equipment to the job site and position it within the limited space available. Compact air compressors are designed to be manoeuvrable and easily

fit through narrow openings, ensuring that workers can set up the equipment wherever it is needed.

PORTABLE COMPRESSORS SOLUTIONS

As with fixed compressors, there are portable models available to meet the requirements of specific work spaces and jobs.

• Coltri Ergo: The ERGO model, part of the Efficient line, combines three exceptional features: durability, ease of carrying, and impeccable operational efficiency. This compressor system serves as a versatile powerhouse, with a diverse range of capabilities that render it a valuable asset across various industries.

• Coltri ICON LSE: The ICON series comprises the world’s most extensively utilized portable compressors. With their compact size and lightweight build, these models prove ideal for a diverse range of purposes, including delivering high-pressure breathable air for confined space operations, commercial diving, and firefighting.

PRESSURE CONTROL FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS

Different confined space tasks may require varying levels of air pressure. Air compressors used in these environments are equipped with pressure control features that allow workers to adjust the pressure according to the specific requirements of the task at hand. Whether it’s for operating a pneumatic tool or maintaining a constant flow of fresh air, having control over the pressure output enhances the versatility and safety of the equipment.

“Using pneumatic tools not only enhances productivity but also eliminates the risks associated with using electrical equipment in confined spaces.”

CONCLUSION

In the confined spaces industry, where safety is paramount, air compressors play a pivotal role in maintaining a secure working environment. From providing a continuous supply of clean air for respiratory support to powering essential pneumatic tools, these versatile machines contribute significantly to the efficiency and safety of confined space operations. As technology continues to advance, we can expect further innovations in air compressor design and functionality, further enhancing their effectiveness in confined spaces.

SMP supply compressors and breathing air solutions to the confined spaces industry, offering a range of differing sizes and capacities. Their sales team are happy to help you with your confined spaces operations, contact them on sales@smp-ltd.co.uk or call +44 (0)1772 687775.

Coltri Ergo

Coltri Minicompact

Pioneering Safety

Dr Phil Bryson working with the Professional Diving Academy (PDA) has pioneered some innovative underwater rescue techniques

Dr Philip Bryson of TAC Healthcare and The Professional Diving Academy (PDA), have undertaken some groundbreaking research which has pointed the way to revolutionising underwater rescue techniques.

A TRIAL TO IMPROVE DIVER RESCUE PROCESSES

The ‘Closed Bell Resuscitation Trial’, carried out in April 2024, and hosted by the PDA saw diving and medical experts from around the world gathered at Sandbank’s Professional Diving Academy. The programme aimed to determine and introduce some groundbreaking diver safety protocols.

Diving industry experts convened at the Sandbank’s Industrial Estate to explore new ideas on methods for rescuing divers experiencing heart attacks or strokes when working far beneath the surface. The professionals came together for a week to work with diving bells, advanced cameras, medical apparatus, and

simulated scenarios. The purpose was to refine and enhance the strategies and methods used for saving divers’ lives underwater.

ADDRESSING OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS

Deep-water or saturation diving presents us with unique workplace hazards and, unfortunately, traditional emergency protocols have proved inadequate for application when dealing with medical emergencies, such as heart attacks or strokes, at great depths. The challenges involved transferring an incapacitated diver into the confined space of a diving bell, the timecritical need to administer medical attention, highlighting the urgency: and to develop more effective rescue methodologies.

Words: Dr Phil Bryson, TAC Healthcare and the Professional Diving Academy (PDA)

“Diving industry experts convened at the Sandbank’s Industrial Estate to explore new ideas on methods for rescuing divers experiencing heart attacks or strokes deep when working far beneath the surface.”

The ‘Closed Bell Resuscitation Trial’ is of significant importance and has the potential to make a significant impact on the diving industry worldwide. Dr Philip Bryson, a global diving medical advisor for TAC Healthcare and the driving force behind this initiative, emphasises the critical importance of this research. Drawing from years of experience and a collaborative effort with REMEDY, a Derby Hospital Group specialising in emergency resuscitation, Dr Bryson highlights the important part that real-world applications have played in refining their techniques.

ADDRESSING AGERELATED CHALLENGES

Given the ageing workforce in the diving industry, the significance of this research cannot be overstated. With divers becoming increasingly susceptible to medical conditions associated with age, the need for effective emergency protocols becomes more relevant than ever. The average age of North Sea divers is 45, and a recent survey conducted in Aberdeen revealed that there are even divers as old as 70 still actively working underwater. In any older workforce, the risk increases for medical conditions such as heart conditions and strokes, especially in light of the likely incidence of conditions such as blood pressure. Dr Bryson explained: “Many years ago, we were working on the recovery of an unconscious diver into a diving bell at depth and one of the problems we found was, once you have got the diver back into the bell and they’re unconscious, and aren’t breathing what do you do? The taught techniques, back then were the chest to knee, (placing a knee, on the patient’s

sternum and pulling them towards you), and the headbutt technique, (using your head by butting it against the patient’s sternum), but there was no evidence, these techniques, worked successfully. Since then, and for the last 12 years, I’ve been trying to raise funds to study how to do cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a diving bell. This here today is the end game.”

THE ‘DUNOON METHOD’ AND INDUSTRY COLLABORATION

Alastair Baird, co-director of the PDA, explained the altruistic motive driving this initiative –a commitment to enhancing diver safety and potentially saving lives. By spearheading this trial, the PDA aims to usher in a new era of safety standards supported by evidencebased research and collaborative efforts with industry stakeholders.

There were suggestions around the April 2024 event that the final guidance agreed upon, on how to deal with a medical emergency of this type for saturation divers, should be named the ‘Dunoon method’.

“The altruistic motive driving this initiative –a commitment to enhancing diver safety and potentially saving lives.”

Hyperbaric Therapy and Anti-Aging

The benefits of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) and why it works explained

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is currently utilised to mitigate and reverse observable manifestations of aging, including the presence of wrinkles and fine lines. So how does hyperbaric therapy and anti-aging work?

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) involves administering oxygen under elevated pressure, typically 1.5 to 3 times atmospheric pressure, fostering improved blood circulation throughout the body. This heightened oxygen pressure facilitates cell and tissue regeneration in various organs, enhancing healing and nutrient delivery, thereby contributing to overall well-being. The physiological aging process involves the gradual decline in the functions of diverse body

cells and tissues. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is now employed to counteract and reverse visible signs of aging, such as wrinkles and fine lines. By boosting collagen production and increasing oxygen delivery to skin cells, this therapy accelerates cell regeneration and healing.

Several mechanisms that hyperbaric oxygen therapy uses to promote anti-aging:

1. Telomere Length Reversal: HBOT counters the shortening of telomeres, the protective regions on chromosomes whose reduction contributes to the aging process.

2. Cell Clearance: HBOT prevents the accumulation of dysfunctional and aged cells, clearing out unwanted cellular debris.

“During hyperbaric oxygen therapy, individuals sit or lie in chambers, receiving oxygen at high pressure for 45 to 300 minutes.”

3. Collagen and Elastin Stimulation: HBOT stimulates the production of collagen and elastin in the skin, diminishing wrinkles and fine lines.

4. Blood Vessel and Skin Cell Formation: HBOT encourages the formation of new blood vessels and skin cells, expediting the healing process.

5. Stem Cell Stimulation: HBOT stimulates the production of stem cells, providing new cells to replace old and worn-out ones.

6. Inflammation Reduction: HBOT reduces inflammation, preventing ‘inflammaging,’ a contributor to the aging process, by inducing neutrophil apoptosis under high oxygen pressure.

7. Brain Health Improvement: HBOT positively influences brain health and cognition, vital for countering age-related cognitive decline.

8. Senescence Suppression: HBOT suppresses senescence, where cells die without replacement, reducing signs of aging like wrinkles.

During hyperbaric oxygen therapy, individuals sit or lie in chambers, receiving oxygen at high pressure for 45 to 300 minutes. Potential side effects include headaches, fatigue, and ear discomfort, with precautions for those with claustrophobia.

Compared to other anti-aging procedures like stem cell therapy or intermittent fasting, HBOT offers advantages such as noninvasiveness, documented efficacy, simplicity, and quicker results. Despite oxygen’s potential for reactive oxygen species production, HBOT’s controlled approach minimises risks, making it a safe and effective method for achieving anti-aging effects.

SMP have been designing and manufacturing hyperbaric chambers for over 30 years. They have built chambers for various sectors of the medical industry including therapy centres, medical centres, hospitals and more. Get in touch with their Special Projects team for your chamber project, special-projects@smp-ltd.co.uk or call +44 (0)1772 687775.

SUBSEA&SURFACE ENGINEERINGSOLUTIONS

ShearwaterMarineServiceswasfoundedin1992 andforthepast30years,haveearnedan outstandingreputationforconsistentlydelivering high-quality,innovativeandcost-effectivesolutions inthepublicandprivatesector.

Providingacollaborativeapproachtoworking, Shearwater'sproblemsolvingandsolutionbased approachaimtoachievethemostcomplicatedof tasksaboveorbelowthewaterline.

Shearwater'sexpertiseinclude: SUBSEA

•In-waterconstruction,infrastructure maintenance,repairwithcodedsubseawelders

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•AccreditedtoBSEN1090−1Exc3alongwith codedweldersforsurfaceandsubsea.

•In-houseTechnicalEngineeringincluding DiveTechnicians,DesignersandEngineers •Dedicatedelectricalandmechanical engineeringservices

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