April 100th Edition 2018 100th

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South Yorkshire To Get £1.3m To Fix Potholes A £100M local authority pothole repair fund has been announced by transport secretary Chris Grayling.

Roads that were badly affected by winter weather will benefit from the funding, which is expected to help to repair an estimated 2M potholes and protect roads from any future severe weather.

An additional £75M of government funding has been given to councils from the Pothole Action Fund this year, as well as a £46M fund for highways authorities, the Department for Transport (DfT) said.

However, last week the Annual Local Authority Road Maintenance survey found that local authorities will need an extra £3.3M each, and 14 years, to get the roads they manage back to

a reasonable state. A report by the National Audit Office said that council spending on highways and transport fell by almost 40% over the last six years.

Grayling said: “People rely on good roads to get to work and to see friends or family. “We have seen an unusually prolonged spell of freezing weather which has caused damage to our local roads. “We are giving councils even more funding to help repair their roads, so all road users can enjoy their journeys without having to dodge potholes.”

South Yorkshire is getting more than £1.3m from the government to help pay for pothole repairs.

Nearly £1bn is needed to fix potholes on Yorkshire's roads. Nearly 190,000 potholes were

filled in across Yorkshire and the Humber last year. That's according to a report from the Asphalt Industry Alliance which says road users claimed £3m in compensation last year. The report found it would cost over £900m to fix every road in the area, and that councils in the north have less money to spend on road repairs than elsewhere in England.

Sheffield however, won't be getting any of the money as it has a separate project that's been going on for a number of years worth £1.2bn under a Private Finance Initiative.

The three other councils in South Yorkshire, Doncaster, Barnsley and Rotherham, will use the latest money to repair roads damaged by recent storms and cold weather.

UK Spent £1.75bn On Airstrikes In Iraq & Syria Since 2014 The UK has spent £1.75bn on air and drone strikes in Iraq and Syria as part of the US-led campaign against Islamic State, the Drone Wars UK group said, based on data it acquired through Freedom of Information requests.

Since August 2014, the Tornado, Typhoon and Reaper aircraft of the Royal Air Force have spent a total of 42,000 hours, or almost five years, in the air. That alone cost the taxpayers around £1.5 billion, Drone Wars said.

The group estimates it costs £80,000 to keep the multirole fighter Typhoon airborne for 60 minutes, and the per-hour price of operating Tornado and

Reaper planes stands at £35,000 and £3,500, respectively. Besides fuel, the calculations include crew, maintenance and capital costs – which are absent from official estimates.

The cost of the munitions fired by the UK warplanes and drones during Operation Shader, which is the collective name of the ongoing UK involvement in Iraq and Syria, has reached £268 million, the information received by Drone Wars UK revealed. The British pilots have carried out 1,700 airstrikes in Syria and Iraq over the last three and a half years, dropping 3,545 bombs and missiles.

Paveway IV dual mode GPS and laser-guided bombs have been the most widely used weapons, with 2,329 units (priced at £70,000 each) fired. The most expensive piece of munitions employed as part of the campaign against Islamic State (IS, formerly ISIS/ISIL) was the Storm

Shadow cruise missile. With each unit priced at £800,000 per unit, its eight launches cost around £6.4 million.

Drone Wars UK pointed out that their report only covered air strikes and that “the overall cost of UK military operations in Iraq and Syria will be much higher.” The group argued that the net cost of Operation Shader provided by the government last year didn’t cover all the expenses.

In October, the UK Defence Ministry said that the “total net cost of operations against Daesh (Arabic acronym for IS) in Iraq and Syria is £779 million, which includes operational allowances, accommodation and feeding support for the thousands of personnel who have served on Operation Shader, as well as costs associated with air operations including fuel and precision guided munitions.”

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100 Editions ILM News has over the years become a great source of entertainment, information and knowledge.

We have welcomed ILM into our homes and places of work with great enthusiasm and it's safe to say many of us have eagerly waited for the release each months addition. The passion the chief editor, the numerous contributors have all make ILM the unique paper it is today.

The paper has brought immeasurable source of information to the city.

Be that news, coverage of events or mere social information, ILM has never failed to provide something for everyone.

We have reached a milestone! 100 editions of ILM News have given readers thousands of articles about what’s going on in the world and around our communities. The writers and readers have supported the newspaper since 2010, giving us great educational value, information about politics, the economy, sports, business and entertainment. Reading has enhanced people’s knowledge and general information, as well as improving vocabulary and language skills.

ILM News is still the one and only bilingual newspaper in Sheffield and the surrounding areas, yet also covering news in Glasgow, Spain, Germany and Pakistan. Peoples feedback and suggestions have always been positive and helpful.

I would like to thank all the writers and contributors over the years, some who have been with us since 2010. And thank you to the readers who have made ILM News a part of the community.

Syed Muhammad Abbas

ILM has particularly been a bastion of inclusiveness , a fact that stares at us in the face when we look at how so many different individuals contributing to this paper.

On the auspicious occasion of 100 editions of ILM we would like wholeheartedly congratulate ILM , the Chief Editor , Fayaz Shah Sahib and everyone who contributes in making this paper successful.

Best Wishes Mukhtar Tufail - Operations Manager PMC Sheffield Mrs Iffat Yasmin- Solicitor/ AT LEGAL SOLICITORS

Preparations For Sheffield City Region Mayor Elections Voters in South Yorkshire are being urged by the Government to register to cast a ballot in the election for Sheffield City Region mayor.

Labour's Dan Jarvis is the favourite to become Yorkshire's first directly elected mayor in the May 3 vote after winning his party's nomination, while the Conservatives have yet to announce a candidate.

A public awareness campaign has now been launched across social media, radio, and street posters to give residents in Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham and Sheffield information on the election and how to vote in it. The campaign will end on April 11 ahead of the vote.

Dave Smith, managing director of the Sheffield

City Region said: "I urge all residents in South Yorkshire to make sure you are registered and able to vote in the election of a Sheffield City Region Mayor on May 3."

Mr Jarvis's candidacy could spark a row within Labour, as the party's ruling body has passed a motion which states he cannot continue as Barnsley Central MP and work as Sheffield City Region mayor. But the former soldier has argued the Sheffield City Region role is different to other mayoralties as it will initially have "no power and no resources", insisting he could use a dual role to leverage maximum influence in Westminster to get a good deal for the area and build momentum for wider Yorkshire devolution.

1st And 2nd-Class Stamp Prices Rise The 2p price rise in the cost of first and second class stamps has now taken effect. A first-class stamp now costs 67p and a second-class stamp now costs 58p, under the price rises that came into force.

Stamps bought before the price rise can still be used without any need to top-up the cost.

Royal Mail said the squeeze on consumer finances was considered when setting the new price. But it added that the price rise was needed to maintain the universal postal service, which means that the price of a stamp is the same irrespective of where in the UK the letter is sent from and to.

If the price of a first-class stamp had risen in line with inflation since 1989, it would now cost 41p.

If the price of a second-class stamp had risen in

line with inflation since 1989, it would now cost 31p.

The price of a first-class stamp for a large letter has risen by 3p to £1.01. A second-class stamp for a large letter has also risen in cost by 3p to 79p.

All the changes were first announced in February.

Sugar Tax Is Producing Results It will be a major change in health and tax policy.

On 6 April the UK will join the small number of countries which have introduced a tax on sugary drinks as part of an anti-obesity policy.

Shoppers will pay 18p or 24p per litre extra depending on how much extra sugar has been added to the drink.

Rather than waiting to see how customers react to the tax - known officially as the soft drinks industry levy - companies have already started altering their recipes. There will be fewer drinks than anticipated on sale above the threshold for paying the levy.

When the Chancellor at the time George Osborne announced in 2016 there would be a tax on sugary drinks, the expected revenue was about £500m a year. A year later the expected yield had fallen to £385m.

In the Budget documents in November 2017 the anticipated figure had dropped again to £275m per year from the launch date in April this year.

Treasury people might be expected to be frustrated that their anticipated tax take has fallen.

But in this case it is being hailed as a success as it

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reflects the fact that companies have been cutting the sugar content of their products.

Britvic is one manufacturer to have cut added sugar across its product range. The company, whose product range includes Robinson's, J2O and Fruit Shoot, has pursued this policy since 2013 and says that by 6 April, 94% of its brand portfolio will be exempt from the sugar levy.

Ribena and Lucozade, owned by the Japanese company Suntory, has also moved to cut sugar.

In simple terms these companies are reacting to their markets. They don't want their customers to have to fork out more for their favourite soft drinks from 6 April and they also sense people need help doing the "right thing" when shopping for their families. If shoppers want healthy options then it is in the interest of retailers and manufacturers to supply them.

How consumers react when full sugar drinks go up in price from 6 April remains to be seen. But what is already clear is that the proposed levy has had an impact on the content. And that may spur the government into more action on obesity.

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The Prepossessing Pheasant Shaheryar A. Chishty My eyes are bruised with claret From looking for food in a floral pallet My amber apparel spreads across my body I walk with pride many birds try to copy I am the sovereign of my prolific pasture My beauty is undefinable It is an image to capture I wear a hoary cravat around my neck Protecting myself from the raining flecks I seek for shade behind a verdant veil To rest my legs for they are very frail I loathe people who come in to close proximity with me I wish to be alone and enjoy my tranquillity The orb in the sky incandesces on my beak A resplendent glow, it seeps through my body like a leak I bundle myself within many dead leaves Drowned by natures crunchy frond heaps When night is near I fall asleep In to my dreams I go very deep When I wake up the sun is resting on a cloudy hammock The wind is shaking the trees causing a lot of havoc.

Shaheryar Chishty Shaheryar Chishty is a young talented boy who joined us and began writing for us at the tender age of 10. Where we saw his poetic adroitness grow. He has a natural gift for writing poetry and is able to write on a vast variety of subjects. His ability to craft and conjoin sentences and words in a poetic way is beyond high standards.

Regardless of his preoccupations with school he is able to manage his time and write poems each month for ILM news. He looks at nature from a very unique perspective where he focuses on the minor aspects like ‘a blue morpho’ to more major aspects like ‘water falls’, to draw in his readers he applies personification to life, where others are able to connect to the words of his poem and imagine his perception of nature. He is certainly an adroit writer who everyone extols ardently. At

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the age of nine he wrote a poem about the tree felling taking place across the city, which he performed amongst 100’s of protesters at the town hall in Sheffield, this was an activating event for Shaheryar to peruse in his poetry, where he began to write more upon everyday actions and objects, his style of poetry allows the reader to relate the words to their lives. Which is an important factor of poetry.

In the future we hope to see his anthology being made.

Unlike many other people he has a very prodigious capacity of vocabulary which he tries to implement in all of his different lyrics. When he was young his teachers noticed him surpassing their expectations of his writing abilities. This is when some people had realised that he had dexterity with his pen.

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PROPERTY CORNER

THE FUTURE OF RETAIL PROPERTY

Mohammed Mahroof BSc (Hons) MRICS Consultant Mark Jenkinson & Son There has been a great deal of talk about the changing High Street, with many people observing numerous empty shops in many town centres, suburban shopping centres and generally. What is the future for retail property?

The answer is not as simple as the question. I will endeavour to put across my thoughts in this article through my experience of working in the property market.

It is accepted that over the years, the number of empty retail units has seen a significant increase, just look around your own town and city the evidence is there for all to see. One of the main reasons given for this is the global recession we have seen throughout the world, where many small businesses have closed. This phenomenon is more prevalent in some areas than others. Another reason given is that competition from large retailers has been a contributing factor to such closures. I say a contributing factor because I do not feel that this is a significant factor as history has shown independent retail traders do have an attraction, just look at London and many other cities across the world where such retailers are doing well. There is a strong argument that they can co exist with the large retailers.

There are many examples of such areas in Sheffield. Look at Ecclesall Road, Sharrowvale Road, London Road, Hillsborough and many more. I have recently been involved in letting of properties for more traditional users, your local butcher, baker, fishmonger etc. It seems as though customers like buying from local shops and the old tradition of shopping is going through a renaissance.

The tradition of the ancient bazaars or local shopping/socialising areas is as old as mankind. Yes there is a strong electronic social media scene but the traditions of meeting in the High Street, local shopping centre or bazaar is well and truly alive. If you visit Morocco, Egypt, Pakistan, India and I could list a whole host of countries you will see the bazaars or local shopping centres are well and truly alive. Coming back to this country you can see there

are many coffee shops and cafes which are dotted around any retail parade and the numbers are rising whether they are national names or local independents. In turn this encourages other operators to return to the retail parade, in some areas you are seeing art galleries, jewellers, craft shops, dress shops, antique shops and many more returning to the street scene.

In the last few days I was in the City of Bradford and as ever my attention is always diverted to property. I was pleasantly surprised.

If you walk along many suburban shopping areas such as Great Horton Road, Leeds Road and others you see very few empty shops. In fact what you see are thriving businesses, with not only local people but people from outside the city, shopping and dining in the city. I was talking to a local trader who said that not only does Bradford attract business from outside the city, but some of their indigenous businesses are not expanding with branches in other towns and cities. Another interesting observation was the development of bazaars or shopping plazas which are akin to

the concept found in most Asian and Middle Eastern culture. Many traders in the same location with the vibrancy that brings especially around Eid, even on a weekday evening the trade was very brisk. Clearly they have the pulling power to become tourist attractions.

If you have been to Edgeware Road in London or Wilmslow Road in Manchester you will see a cafe/restaurant environment which would not look out of place in a Middle Eastern country. In Sheffield taka a walk along Abbeydale Road it seems to be going through a change with coffee and tea shops and many antique stores.

I believe we are witnessing a changing high Street; traditional independent traders are returning, which is good and with change comes a new sense of community spirit. Of course there will always be a role for the larger supermarkets, which we have become used to, but there is still a strong role for the independent trader.

It is clear that as we become more diverse the influence of other cultures will be reflected in the High Street culture, which makes for a very interesting time for the retail property market.

I believe history has taught us that the bazaar, High Street, shopping centre, whatever phrase you use has reinvented itself many times over thousands of years and will continue to do so. After all shopping is a major pastime for many people, just look at the major centres across the country.

As an investor in retail property you need to e flexible in lease terms, work with a good surveyor and solicitor, and above all provide encouragement to an incoming tenant. In times where people are saying the High Street is facing challenging times, I believe in the renaissance of the new high street, where landlord and tenants need to work together for the greater good.

In conclusion I believe the High Street bazaar is here to stay and will become even stronger, the glass is certainly half full.

Mosques Given Protected Status In ‘Celebration Of British Muslim Heritage’ English mosques are getting protected heritage status in what’s being described as a celebration of ‘rich Muslim heritage’. Historic England said the Government is adding two mosques in London to its list of protected buildings, and is upgrading the status of two others.

It comes amid concern that non-Christian religious buildings are not being given the protection they deserve. Heritage Minister Michael Ellis said listing the mosques preserved important places of worship and celebrated the rich heritage of Muslim communities in England.

The London Central Mosque and Islamic Cultural Centre in Regent’s Park, built as a centre point for Muslim worship in London, is newly listed at Grade II. The Fazl Mosque, Southfields, which was the first purpose-built mosque in London and only the second such building in Britain, has been given Grade II status. The Shah Jahan Mosque in Woking, Britain’s first purposebuilt mosque, which dates back to 1889, has been upgraded from Grade II to Grade I. It becomes the only Grade I listed mosque in the country.

Brougham Terrace in Liverpool, thought to be Britain’s first fully functioning mosque, has been upgraded to Grade II status to reflect its historical value. And Howard Street Mosque in Bradford, which is already listed at Grade II, has had its entry updated to reflect its significance as a

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‘house mosque’.

The new and upgraded listings, made by the Culture Department on the advice of Historic England, come as a result of research for the heritage agency’s new book The British Mosque.

Mr Ellis said: ‘Our historic buildings tell the story of Britain’s past and the people, places and events that shaped them. ‘By listing these beautiful mosques, we are not only preserving important places of worship, but also celebrating the rich heritage of Muslim communities in England.’

Duncan Wilson, Historic England chief executive, said the mosques were ‘exceptional places of worship’. ‘Through listing we are celebrating some of our most significant examples of Islamic heritage from the stunning Shah Jahan in Woking, the first purpose-built mosque in the country, to the landmark London Central Mosque in Regent’s Park.’

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PAUL, THE APOSTLE OF CHRIST PAUL, APOSTLE OF CHRIST is the story of two men who are foundational in the writing of Christian Scriptures and the growth of the early church.

The Apostle Paul, played by James Faulkner, is at the end of his life, incarcerated in Rome, alone and despised. Luke, (Jim Caviezel) who plays a big role in the life of Paul, comes to visit him and console him and write his story to get it to the world.

This is the beginning of the new testament book of 'Acts of the Apostles' being written. All seems hopeless for Paul and for the early followers of Jesus who are hated and persecuted. But Paul's message is of hope and love and forgiveness. A message he has personally experienced in his encounter with Jesus.

Bound in chains, Paul’s struggle is internal. He has survived so much—floggings, shipwreck, starvation, stoning, hunger and thirst, cold and exposure—yet as he waits for his execution, he is haunted by the shadows of his past cruelties to those who followed The Way. Alone in the dark, he wonders if he has been forgotten . . . and if he THEIR FAITH CHALLENGED AN EMPIRE. has the strength to finish well.

THEIR WORDS CHANGED THE WORLD. We see two men struggle against a determined I am not always a fan of religious films, but I fully emperor and the frailties of the human spirit in intend to go and see this when it's released at the order to live out the good news of Jesus Christ and spread God's message of hope and love to end of March. the world.

Sheffield Schools Set To Give Up Sugary Drinks Children and young people in Sheffield are consuming more than two and half times as much sugar as the maximum recommended daily intake, most of which comes from sugary drinks.

One can of Cola alone contains nine cubes of sugar, two more cubes than the recommended daily maximum of seven cubes for a teenager.

Sugar is not necessary in the diet and when consumed in the form of sugary drinks can cause a whole host of health issues, from tooth decay, to obesity, heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Excess sugar intake has also been linked to certain cancers.

An easy way to reduce sugar intake is to cut out or reduce sugary drinks. Working with Food Active, Sheffield City Council are running a campaign to encourage people to Give Up Loving Pop (GULP).

The GULP campaign will work with three schools: Forge Valley, Yewlands Academy, and Parkwood Academy to encourage young people and their families to switch from sugary drinks to water or milk. Students, teachers and parents are challenged to Give Up Loving Pop for four weeks.

Schools will hold assemblies, and include in their PSHE lessons.

Greg Fell, Director of Public Health at Sheffield City Council said: “Children have far too much sugar in their diet, and much of this comes in the form of sugary drinks. Not only is this causing problems for children and young people now in terms of tooth decay and weight gain, but continued over-consumption of sugar can lead to problems in later life. Evidence shows that regardless of weight, consumption of sugary drinks can lead to cardiac and metabolic issues in adulthood”.

British High Commission Announces Asma Jahangir Scholarship A new annual scholarship, honouring the legacy of late Asma Jahangir was announced by the British High Commission. This scholarship will be awarded to the best female Chevening candidate each year, following the scheme’s rigorous selection process.

Jahangir, one of Pakistan’s most prominent rights activists, had passed away in a Lahore hospital on February 11.

The Chevening scholarships are awarded to outstanding emerging leaders to pursue a one-year Masters programme at any United Kingdom university.

The scholarship programme provides a unique opportunity to future leaders, influencers, and decision-makers from all over the world to develop professionally and academically, to build networks, to experience UK culture, and to form lasting positive relationships with the UK. In 2017, Chevening sent 63 Pakistanis, including 23 women, to top universities across the UK. The recipient of the inaugural award will be announced in August.

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Announcing the new scholarship, British High Commissioner Thomas Drew said: “I am delighted to announce that Asma Jahangir’s family has agreed to the creation of a scholarship in her name as part of our prestigious Chevening Programme. It is particularly appropriate to be able to announce the award, which will each year go to the top female Chevening candidate, on International Women’s Day. “For decades Asma Jahangir was a courageous defender of Pakistan’s most vulnerable citizens.

She was also a powerful advocate for the rights of women. This scholarship honours her achievements.

“Women across Pakistan, as they are around the world, are underrepresented in politics, in leadership positions and across society. We hope that this scholarship inspires future generations of Pakistani women by giving them a platform to realise their potential – helping in turn realise the great potential of their country. As the founder of the country, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, said, ‘No nation can rise to the height of glory unless your women are side by side with you’.”

The Chevening alumni consist of over 1,600 professionals including senior journalists, civil servants, politicians and other members of society from all walks of life.

Paul the Apostle is a fascinating character. It's surprising that his story has not been told on film like this before. "No one played a more central role in the growth of early church than the Apostle Paul,” says production executive Rich Peluso. “He wrote a vast swathe of the New Testament and travelled more than 10,000 miles by foot to preach the Gospel of Jesus Christ. As T.J. Berden, the film's Producer says: "Here's a man Paul, who went from the ISIS of his day, to becoming the leader of a church community, and I thought do we really think that is possible today, that a person can change? Paul helps us see that no one is beyond God's grace. There's always a chance."

If you are not familiar with the life of the Apostle Paul, then this movie will enlighten you. Anyone at all interested in God's message to mankind will find embodied in the life of Paul a message that connects us to God. Paul declares and displays to us all God's undeserved kindness. Paul's words in his letters to God's children everywhere fill us with God's joy in life, even in all of its hardship and trouble. Paul suffered plenty for his bold faith. The film reminds us how worthy he considered Jesus Christ to be and that his suffering was nothing in comparison to God's love for him displayed in Jesus Christ.

Andy Stovell Paul had discovered God's love on a personal level. He knew from personal experience that "where sin abounds, grace abounds more". God had dealt with Paul's guilt and shame which had clung to him even despite being a deeply religious and pious man. Paul experiences freedom as he now put his faith in the person of Jesus Christ who sacrificed himself for Paul and all who believe the good news which he proclaimed so passionately.

I think you will find the film's characters are rounded, they have doubt, fear, anger. They're real. They suffer at the hands of a callous empire and feel the strong and natural appeal to fight back and get revenge. Paul's answer is "love is the only way". A message that underscores all his writings in the New Testament.

Andrew Hyatt, the film's writer and director tells us why this story needs telling: "I'm just so excited to tell this story and offer these themes to the world at a time when I think we are so desperate to hear that we are loved, to hear that there is mercy and grace for anything, to hear that there is a God who is bigger than us that loves us and that we cannot fall too far from his grasp."

PAUL, APOSTLE OF CHRIST released in UK cinemas on March 30th 2018

Sheffield College Needs Improvement Education watchdog report says Sheffield College requires improvement in several areas. Ofsted says more needs to be done to provide a consistently good teaching and learning experience for students across the College.

The huge college, which has suffered a string of leadership changes in recent months. Poor achievement rates were among the main issues singled out in the report.

“The proportion of students on study programmes and adult learning programmes who achieve their qualifications is not high enough,” the report said.

In addition, students on English and maths courses are not making enough progress, while learners on level three programmes are “not rapid enough”.

“Too many students” fail to progress or complete their courses “because they do not attend lessons”, while “too many” adult learners and those on study programmes “do not arrive on time to their lessons”.

Teaching, learning and assessment at the college are “not of a consistently high standard”.

“Leaders recognise this in the college’s self-assessment report, but have been unable to secure improvements since the previous inspection”.

Governors, senior leaders and managers were criticised for being “slow to address many of the weaknesses identified at the previous inspection” and for having “insufficient focus on ensuring that students develop their English and mathematics skills” until recently.

Ofsted inspectors assessed the College against eight criteria: Apprenticeship provision is good.

Provision for students with high needs is good.

Adult learning programmes require improvement.

Courses for 16 to 19-year-olds require improvement.

The effectiveness of leadership and management requires improvement.

The quality of teaching, learning and assessment requires improvement.

Personal development, behaviour and welfare require improvement.

Outcomes for students requires improvement.

UBER Granted New Five Year Licence In Sheffield Uber has been granted a new five year licence to operate in Sheffield.

Fred Jones, head of UK Cities at Uber, said: “This decision is good news for drivers and passengers who use our app in Sheffield and follows recent licence renewals in cities including Cambridge, Nottingham and Leicester. "We’re pleased the council has recognised the changes Uber has made under our new leadership and look forward to working with them on shared aims like improving air quality and tackling congestion."

Documents sent by Uber to the council as part of its application included a 'memorandum of understanding' which states that it will work co-operatively to promote public safety in Sheffield. The firm also sent details of its four main objectives - a regional restriction on long distance cross-border driving, support for drivers to get re-licenced locally, enhanced visibility for passengers on the licensing authority and an improved process for managing complaints

against out of town vehicles. In November last year, the taxi firm had its licence temporarily suspended in Sheffield after the company 'failed to respond to requests from the local authority's licensing team about their management'.

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Stephen Hawking, Scientist, 1942-2018

Stephen Hawking, who has died at the age of 76, was one of the most brilliant scientists of his age — and the best known physicist since Einstein.

Above all he symbolised the ability of the human spirit to rise above severe physical disability.

For the final few decades of his life motor neurone disease left Hawking paralysed and unable to speak unaided. His life depended on roundthe-clock nursing and he communicated via a computer-driven synthetic voice. Yet he became internationally renowned not just for his work in theoretical physics but for his skills in communicating complex cosmological concepts to the general public. His book, A Brief History of Time, became the best-selling science book ever written.

He made important contributions to many of the big issues in cosmology, particularly the unification of the two great theories of 20th-century physics: relativity and quantum mechanics. His most original research concerned black holes — concentrations of matter so dense that light cannot escape from their gravitational pull. He showed that black holes are not just a bizarre theoretical concept but play an important role in the development of the universe. Indeed, they are not even quite black; they can emit radiation

— known as Hawking radiation — and eventually they can evaporate and disappear.

Stephen William Hawking was born in Oxford on January 8 1942 — as he liked to point out, this was 300 years to the day after the death of Galileo. His father was a tropical diseases specialist and his mother a Liberal party activist.

He won a scholarship while at St Albans School to read physics at University College, Oxford. Then he moved to do a PhD in cosmology at Cambridge university, where he was to spend the remainder of his professional life. His motor neurone disease (also known as ALS) was diagnosed in 1963 during his first year at Cambridge. It kills most people within two years but Hawking proved to be a most remarkable survivor, helped by his first wife Jane Wilde, whom he married in 1965 and by whom he had two sons and a daughter. Hawking’s condition deteriorated over the years and took a marked turn for the worse in 1985, when he caught pneumonia and had a tracheotomy operation.

After that, he lost all power of speech and depended on 24-hour care from teams of devoted nurses.

Fortunately technology had by then reached the point at which Hawking could communicate by computer, using tiny movements of his hand, eye or head to select letters and words. These could be saved to disk or spoken out via a speech synthesiser.

Whether Hawking would have made such an impact with his science if he had not suffered from motor neurone disease is impossible to say — and beside the point. It was the combination of disability and scientific brilliance that made him a great man.

Scientists Have Found A New Organ In The Body We know there are parts of the deep sea that are so hard to access we know little about them.

But you’d think we had the human body pretty well figured out, given there are 7 billion of us milling around to be potentially dissected. Not so, apparently, as scientists believe they have discovered a new organ.

A new study says the interstitium is a network of fluid filled tubes all around the body which could act as a shock absorber. This organ is not necessarily one we’re going to embrace, as it could also act as a conduit for cancerous cells to move to different parts of the body. However, knowing about it could lead to new treatments and better understanding.

The organ is thought to be made up of fluid-filled spaces If it is indeed an organ, it could be the biggest of 80 in the human body, found under the skin and also lining veins and arteries, muscles, the gut and every visceral organ. Previously, scientists had seen it but believed it was made up of dense connective tissue. When slides were examined that’s what it looked like, because to make a slide the fluid is drained away as part of the process.

Its true nature was realised during a routine endoscopy looking at a patient’s bile duct. Doctors noticed what looked like a network of capillaries, but clearly couldn’t be that because it would have picked up the fluorescent dye they were using.

Previously, we knew that there was fluid between cells (known as interstitial

fluid) but it wasn’t thought to be contained in a network like this. New York University pathologist Dr Neil Theise said: ‘This finding has potential to drive dramatic advances in medicine. ‘This includes the possibility that the direct sampling of interstitial fluid may become a powerful diagnostic tool. ‘Once tumours get in, they’re like a water slide. ‘We have a new window on the mechanism of tumours spreading.’

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New Islamabad Airport To Open On 20th April New Islamabad International Airport is all set to go functional from 20th April, after years of delay, and whopping increases in construction cost.

Prime Minister Shahid Shaqan Abbasi will inaugurate the newly constructed airport.

Construction of the New Islamabad International Airport was initiated in by the Musharraf regime. The project has been completed with an estimated cost of Rs 85 billion.

The airport has two runways and it will cater for 9 million passengers a year. The airport is also equipped with state of the art facilities and equipment including modern aerobridges, radar, and airfield lighting system. 15 passenger boarding bridges and a vast parking area are also part of airport project.

31 WICKER, SHEFFIELD, S3 8HS

NHS 10p Coin Launched For 70th Birthday This year the NHS turns 70 and, to mark this major milestone, The Royal Mint has launched an NHS 10p coin. The coin forms part of an A-Z of what makes Britain great with the world famous NHS being ‘N’. Other coins include ‘B’ for Bond, ‘S’ for Stonehenge and ‘T’ for Tea. The NHS 10p coin is a perfect way to celebrate the birthday, reminding people about the vital role the service plays in our lives and recognising the extraordinary NHS staff – the everyday heroes – who are always there to greet, advise and care for us.

Our health service, while still ranked among the best in the world, has never been busier. The NHS sees almost 1.5 million patients every day in England alone.

In 1948, at the NHS’s founding, there were no routine antibiotics, anti-cancer drugs or blood pressure treatments, and infectious diseases were common. This has all changed, thanks in part to British science, which has brought

the world vaccination, penicillin, IVF, stem cell transplants, artificial hips and MRI scanners, and knowledge of the structure of DNA. But the greatest innovation by far, with the most far-reaching impact on the health of our

nation, has been the NHS. It embodies the British social conscience. Since resources are very stretched, some may question the funding model, and suggest the NHS is not fit for the future. Nothing could be further from the truth.

Scientific advances mean it is needed more now than ever before.

Fostering And Adoption Amongst Muslims New guidance to dispel myths around fostering and adopting has been launched in a bid to boost the number of Muslims helping children in care.

The first Islamic Guidance Document on Adoption and Fostering in the UK aims to address a shortfall and counteract a belief held by some within the faith that they are forbidden from signing up.

The Penny Appeal, which carried out research alongside religious and community leaders to put the guidance together, estimates there are more than 4,000 Muslim children in care.

Although they could not give a figure for the number of foster and adoptive parents of the Islamic faith, the charity said it "by far" does not meet the amount of children requiring care.

Common concerns from Muslims included how

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adoption may jeopardise a central Islamic belief that the lineage of a family must be preserved, and the fact that fostered or adopted children are not included automatically in Islamic laws of inheritance, the charity said.

It is hoped the guidance will make a difference in the number of Muslims coming forward to adopt or foster.

Penny Appeal say: "It's a communal obligation, meaning that actually if we don't plug this gap, collectively as a community, we are all actually blameworthy. So it's incumbent on the whole community to address this so that enough of the community are taking care of the problem."

The guidance, funded by a £200,000 grant from the Department for Education, is endorsed by 100 leading UK imams, community leaders and social care professionals, the charity said.

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Remembering The Victims Westminster Bridge & The Unarmed Policeman Outside Parliament On The 23rd Of March

by Mrs Iffat Yasmin A special vigil was held earlier last month at The Pakistan Muslim Centre Sheffield to remember the five victims of an attack exactly a year ago when a driver mowed down pedestrians on Westminster Bridge before killing an unarmed policeman outside parliament.

As Pakistani communities across the globe came together to celebrate 23rd March (MaYaum-e-Pakistan) or Pakistan Resolution Day, a national holiday in Pakistan commemorating the Lahore Resolution passed on 23 March 1940 and the adoption of the first constitution of Pakistan during the transition of the Dominion of Pakistan to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan on 23 March 1956, the Pakistan Muslim Centre Sheffield’s 23rd March celebrations started off with a one minute silence for The dead police officer PC Keith Palmer and the other casualties of which two were British, one Romanian and one American. “ Approximately some 50 people were injured when on Khalid Masood who was shot dead in the attack carried out a harrowing attack, that day we all witnessed how close the terrorism caravan had parked itself in our back gardens.

We were all shocked and petrified. But we also learnt the resilience of the British public in not allowing these cowards to destroy that one feature that helps Great Britain differentiate itself from the rest of the world , namely unity and the British Peoples strength of pulling to-

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gether. The British Public came together that day and we showed those cowards who perpetrate such heinous acts that no act of terrorism can damage, destroy or harm the great fabric of this country. Today we as British Pakistanis wanted to reinforce that message of Unity by dedicating tonight’s gathering to the victims of that massacre” Said Secretary Hafeas Rehman.

As the candles were lit the chairman of The Pakistan Muslim Centre , Mr Muhammad Ali gave a very emotional message “ We the British Public will never surrender to such acts of terrorism, the blood of PC Keith Palmer and so many victims of terrorism, both here on British Soil and across the globe won’t be forgotten.

We salute all the victims of terrorism. They are the true hero’s as are their surviving families who have to relive their loss and pain on a daily basis” The Pakistan Muslim Centre celebrations which were attended by various members of the British Pakistani Community then focussed on the history of the 23rd March , the beauty of Pakistan and the vast role and contributions the British Pakistani Community make. Key members of the community delivered some highly thought provoking speeches. The event concluded with a special prayer for world peace.

Keep Your Stomach Calm With Ginger and Fennel Seeds Eating out and binging on fast food is a common problem, which may upset bowel movements.

Keep your digestive system calm by consuming a bit of fennel seeds, ginger, yogurt and papaya, say experts. *Ginger: It’s a wonderful overall healthy herb that aids digestion, reduce inflammation and heartburn. This not only relaxes but also soothes the intestinal track. Have a sip of ginger water with few drops of lemon after every meal and feel the benefit of the wonder herb. *Fennel seeds: Phytonutrients in fennel give it an antioxidative property and effectively helps in reducing gas and bloating. Chewing the seeds or making tea with it will stimulate the secretion of digestive enzymes, that further reduces heartburn, inflammation of the stomach and intestine. Make it a habit of having one spoon of fennel seeds after every meal. It will surely give you remarkable health benefits. *Cumin seeds: These help in secretion of various digestive enzymes in the pancreas that aid in digestion and absorption of nutrients. Enjoy the flavour and its benefits by adding roasted cumin or its grounded form in curd, buttermilk, shikanji, salad and soups. *Probiotic: Probiotics are the live micro-organisms that may be able to prevent and treat some illnesses. Promoting a healthy digestive tract and healthy immune system are its most important and primary function. These are also commonly known as friendly, healthy and good bacteria. Peo-

ple can get a healthy dose of probiotic in foods like yogurt, kefir and kombucha, which provide numerous health benefits including strengthening the immune system, preventing urinary tract infection, allergies and cold *Yogurt: Though most dairy products are difficult to digest, a serving of plain yogurt can have quite the opposite effect. Yogurt contains probiotics that help in increasing the number of good bacteria in the gut for a healthy stomach, aiding in digestion and reducing the uncomfortable feeling of being bloated. *Oat bran: It’s a significant source of both soluble and insoluble fiber. Bran, the nutrientrich husk is removed from polished and refined grains such as white flour, depleting much of the fiber, minerals, and vitamins that are essential for healthy digestive function. Oat bran contains soluble fiber that absorbs water to become a gel-like substance in the digestive tract. *Papaya: It is one of the fruits popular for curing upset stomach and diarrhea. Eating papaya encourages digestion, eases indigestion, and helps with constipation. The magic is in the enzymes papain, a natural digestive enzyme that breaks up foods irritating the stomach and chymopapain, which help break down proteins and soothe the stomach by promoting a healthy acidic environment. *Bananas: These are easily digestible fruits that provide instant energy. Like papaya, they also contain pectin, which help to naturally initiate bowel movements.

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World Sindhi Congress Raises The Issue Of Enforced Disappearance Of The Sindhi People At UNO, Geneva

By Dr Syed Alam Shah

The members of World Sindhi Congress held protest and raised the issue of human rights violations against sindhi and Baluch people in Sindh and Baluchistan by the security agencies of Pakistan. They showed their concern on the grave violations of human rights at the hands of Pakistani establishment and security agencies, in the ongoing session (11-16 March 2018) of the united nations human rights council and UNHRC in Geneva. The organizer of the WSC UK/Eu-

Geneva: Protest

rope, Dr Hidayat Bhutto highlighted the issue of enforced disappearances, enforced conversion of Hindu women to Islam, extrajudicial killings and targeted killings of Sindhi political activist, human rights activists, and journalists who lambast security agencies of Pakistan for their notorious act of violating human rights in Sindh. He urged the council to press upon Pakistan to stop atrocities against Sindhi people and ask them to stop colonizing Sindh and Baluchistan to China through CPEC. He further said, “Pakistani establishment is ruthlessly crushing any voice and struggle of Sindhi people against unsustainable anti-environment, anti-people project; China-Pak economic corridor. In 2017, alone hundreds of the Sindhi political activists, journalists have been abducted along with their children and women by Pakistani security agencies.

The secretary general, Dr Lakhu Lohana said, “Every country has got army, and in Pakistan Army has got the country, so Pakistan is the country of Army. But the way, they show their fearlessness in perpetrating atrocities is unbelievable. They [security men] come in daylight, in armed forces’ vehicles and abduct hundreds of people in front of crowds, they have got impunity to kill, burn our political activists to death, and if anyone survives of the military ambush, is to be relocated and then put to terrible death again”.

Sindhi activists have long blamed Pakistan for spread of Islamic fundamentalism through facilitating Ma-

Saudi Govt To Fine Visitors Overstaying Umrah Visa The Saudi Arabian government has announced a fine of Saudi Riyal 50,000 and six months imprisonment for those who continue to stay in the country even after the expiry of their umrah visa.

According to a notification issued by the passport department of the Saudi government, pilgrims should leave the country before their umrah visa expires.

Earlier in the year, reports quoted the passport department as stating that visa extension requests can be made seven days before the expiry of visit visas. However, it added, visas cannot be extended for more than 180 days.

According to the passport directorate, the final exit visa will be valid for 60 days.

It had also stated that those who perform the pil-

grim without a permit will be banned from entering the country for 10 years.

In a move to open its doors for tourism too, the Saudi government had decided to introduce the option for tourist visas, reports said. The visa could be obtained for when visitors complete their pilgrim so that they could become tourists in the country.

The reports stated that 65 countries would be allowed tourism visas in the first phase of the project, while the number will increase in the second phase.

The Saudi government is aiming to solidify its place as a tourist destination by planning projects such as the Red Sea resorts.

NHS Bans Prescriptions Including PARACETAMOL People suffering from a range of “minor” ailments will now no longer be able to get some over the counter remedies on prescription.

Under major cost-cutting plans announced by the NHS , paracetamol and cold treatments will no longer be routinely prescribed, along with a range of other products.

Proposals to rein in prescriptions for medicines for dozens of minor conditions received “broad support” in a public consultation, NHS England said.

‘Think like a patient, act like a taxpayer’ says NHS England. “The NHS is probably the most efficient health service in the world, but we’re determined to keep pushing further. “Every pound we save from cutting waste is another pound we can then invest in better A&E care, new cancer treatments and much better mental health services.”

The changes will not affect prescriptions for longterm or complex conditions, or where minor illnesses are a symptom of something more serious.

Vulnerable patients will also continue to receive

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prescriptions for over-the-counter items, provided they are proven to be effective.

Treatments for constipation, cold sores, conjunctivitis, mild indigestion, dandruff, haemorrhoids, infant colic, minor burns and scalds and minor pain conditions such as headache and backache are among those which will not be routinely prescribed.

Remedies for mouth ulcers, nappy rash, ringworm, athlete’s foot, head lice, mild toothache, travel sickness, and warts and verrucae have also been dropped, as well as some vitamins and minerals.

Some of the products were available for purchase over the counter at a lower cost than that which would be incurred by the NHS. NHS England said it spends £22.8 million every year on constipation treatment, £3 million on athlete’s foot and other fungal infections, and £4.5 million on dandruff shampoos.

The prescription changes could free up almost £100 million for the health service, the body added.

WSC Members protesting against Pakistan’s security agencies drasa education [religious education] in Sindh to perpetrate violence through sectarian battlefield to counter the expanding Sindhi nationalism when it is gaining popularity among well-educated strata of Sindhi Society. They blame Islamabad for radicalizing secular Sindhi society by patronizing Islamic fanaticism and spreading wide web of oblivious and insensible dogmatisms of Saudinized Islam. Pakistan Army, ISI and other security agencies have been behind the cultural genocide of Sindhi people. Sindhi language, culture, values and dynamic traditions of the Sindh are jeopardized by a militarized Pakistan.

Cost Of Living In Sheffield After Sheffield Council approved the most expensive council tax it has ever set, what has 2018 has in store for people in the Steel City.

Rising council tax bills, cost of fuel at its highest for almost four years and water rates due to increase by more than 3% - the purse strings of people in Sheffield couldn't be much tighter. But there is light at the end of the tunnel - that's the message from economic leaders as the city looks to crawl its way out of austerity and towards prosperity.

Sheffield Council approved the maximum permitted 5.99 per cent rise in council tax at its budget meeting earlier this month, which leader Julie Dore said was a 'difficult decision because the authority knew many residents were struggling'.

The rise will add just over £57 a year - or around £1.10 a week - to the bill from April for households in band A properties, which account for around 60% of homes within the city. 5.99% is almost twice the current rate of inflation so that's certainly going to make things worse for people. The Bank of England is expecting inflation to fall this year back towards 2% so that council tax increase is going to be even bigger relative to other costs.

Sheffield is a relatively poor place but the cost of living is also lower than other areas and that would be particularly the case when looking at housing costs. Housing costs in Manchester will be

much more and that's a huge advantage Sheffield has over other parts of the country.

Speaking during a Cabinet meeting to discuss the 2018/2019 budget and council tax increase, Coun Dore said: "This is the highest council tax that we have set and it's always difficult for us to increase council tax because we know that there are many residents struggling. "The cost of living crisis is not in real terms being seen in households in Sheffield. We know that wages are not rising as high as inflation. "Putting up council tax is not easy but we find it necessary because we know that those who are struggling would struggle more if we didn't do it. We are reluctant to put it up but we feel we are forced into it."

The increase consists of three per cent for the social care precept and a 2.99% general rise, which is the maximum amount allowed by the Government without a referendum being required. An extra £8 per year is also being asked for to pay for policing, and the Fire Authority will increase its precept by 2.97%. The council's share of the tax for a band A property for 2018/19 would stand at £1009.28 under the proposals - up from £952.24 this year. For a band D property, which is widely used as the barometer for council tax nationally, the council's share would rise from £1,428.36 this year to £1,513.92 for 2018/19.

Controversial Sheffield Road Widening Scheme Approved A £5m scheme aimed at tackling one the city's biggest bottlenecks along the A61 corridor has been approved by Sheffield Council.

Work to improve traffic flow and cut delays at the junction of London Road and Broadfield Road, near to Heeley bottom, will start next year. It was approved at the council's cabinet meeting last month but it has been criticised by cyclists for funnelling them into heavy traffic. The road-widening scheme in Sheffield will increase traffic,

worsen air pollution and fail cyclists and pedestrians, a critic has claimed.

Sheffield Council is planning a major overhaul of London Road at its junction with Broadfield Road in Heeley, which it says will cut congestion and shave two minutes from journey times to the city centre. Modelling suggests it will make a two minute journey time improvement for car drivers and a 30 second improvement for buses heading into the city centre during peak times.

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The Last Sermon Dr A Q Khan

Dirty politics is at its peak among all parties as the general elections draw near. Nawaz Sharif and his daughter seem to be under the illusion that the public can be easily influenced. They cannot.

They already know why Nawaz was sent home.

The next sword is still hanging over his head. He should have learnt a lesson. Nothing of what he has been accused of could have happened without his knowledge.

The MQM is in tatters, and all for the sake of access to an ATM. What is worse are the internal quarrels within the party. Meanwhile, Imran Khan has set his heart on becoming the next prime minister and Sheikh Rashid Ahmed wants to be the next interior or foreign minister.

Instead of discussing this form of political mudslinging, I want to draw attention to the very important last sermon given by our Holy Prophet (pbuh). This is not for those who already know about the sermon, but for those who are not aware of its importance.

All of us know that the Holy Quran offers a complete code of conduct and our Prophet (pbuh) was a living example of how to live according to this code. Even his worst opponents had no hesitation in accepting that he was an honest and upright person. Shortly before his death, he delivered a sermon during Haj, which later became known as Khutbatul Widah. This final sermon

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took place in 10 AH and was significant because it was the first and the last Haj performed by the Prophet (pbuh). This is what he said: “O people, lend me an attentive ear for I know not whether, after this year, I shall ever be amongst you again. Therefore, listen very carefully to what I am saying to you and take these words to those who could not be present here today.

“O people, just as you regard this month, this day, this city as sacred, so regard the life and property of every Muslim as a sacred trust. Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you.

Remember that you will indeed meet your Lord, and that He will indeed reckon your deeds. God has forbidden you to take usury (interest), therefore all interest obligations shall henceforth be waived.

“Your capital, however, is yours to keep. You will neither inflict nor suffer any inequity. God has judged that there shall be no interest, and that all the interest due to Al-Abbas ibn Abdul Muttalib shall henceforth be waived…

Beware of Satan, for the safety of your religion.

He has lost all hope that he will ever be able to lead you astray in big things, so beware of following him in small things.

“O people, it is true that you have certain rights with regard to your women, but they also have rights over you. Remember that you have taken them as your wives only under a trust from God

and with His permission. If they abide by your right, then to them belongs the right to be fed and clothed in kindness. Do treat your women well and be kind to them for they are your partners and committed helpers. And it is your right that they do not make friends with any one of whom you do not approve, as well as never to be unchaste.

“O people, listen to me in earnest, worship Allah, perform your daily prayers, fast during the month of Ramazan, and offer zakat. Perform Haj if you have the means.

“All mankind is from Adam and Eve. An Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor does a nonArab have any superiority over an Arab; a white has no superiority over a black, nor does a black have any superiority over a white; (none have superiority over another) except by piety and good action. Learn that every Muslim is a brother to every Muslim and that the Muslims constitute one brotherhood. Nothing shall be legitimate to a Muslim which belongs to a fellow Muslim unless it was given freely and willingly. Do not, therefore, do injustice to yourselves. Remember, one day you will appear before God and answer for your deeds. So beware, do not stray from the path of righteousness after I am gone.

“O People, no prophet or apostle will come after me, and no new faith will be born. Reason well, therefore, O people, and understand words which I convey to you. I leave behind me two

things, the Quran and my example, the Sunnah, and if you follow these, you will never go astray.

“All those who listen to me shall pass on my words to others and those to others again; and it may be that the last ones understand my words better than those who listen to me directly. Be my witness, O God, that I have conveyed your message to your people.”

The Prophet (pbuh) delivered his final sermon near the summit of Mount Arafat: “This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed My Grace upon you, and have chosen Islam for you as your religion” (Quran 5:3). Even today this last sermon is communicated to Muslims in every corner of the world. The meanings found in this sermon explore some of the most important rights Allah has over humanity and humanity has over each other.

The Prophet (pbuh) gave another short sermon at Mina. Here he said: “O People, no prophet or apostle will come after me and no new faith will be born. Listen carefully! Worship Allah, offer prayers [five] times a day, fast during the month of Ramazan, pay zakat and perform Haj (if you have the means). O People, obey your rulers and those in power”.

It is unfortunate that most Muslims do not closely follow the best religion given to them by the Almighty. Divine edicts are very clear about this.

Those indulging in wrongdoing will be severely punished.

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HOW DO WE DEVELOP PHOBIAS? Firstly, what is a phobia?

A phobia is an anxiety disorder which involves an overwhelming and unreasonable fear of an object or situation that poses minimal danger but this danger provokes anxiety and avoidance.

Majority of these phobias develop during adulthood or childhood, and usually certain experiences or frightening events is the activation for phobias. During your childhood if you experienced a traumatic event, for example being locked away in a cupboard by your friends, and because you are in a dark confined environment your anxiety levels will start to rise, you will automatically want to avoid that situation, and so you hit on the cupboard door or scream as a hyperarousal response from your sympathetic nervous system. Here you have associated the fear and stress with the dark and confined area, therefore your body has learnt that being in a dark and confined area will cause fear. This fear of being in a tight space is known as claustrophobia. For this fear to escalate, a combination for genetic and environmental factors is very likely at play, but it is not confirmed which genes are responsible for fear.

Referring back to association, a two-process model was made to explain the steps of developing a phobia. Association, also known as classical conditioning, involves having an unconditioned stimulus (e.g. being locked away in the cupboard) which causes an unconditioned response (e.g. screaming or banging), but as time goes on a neutral stimulus (e.g. the dark and confined area) will arise and is added to the unconditioned stimulus which still gives an unconditioned response, given extra time, the neutral stimulus soon becomes the conditioned stimulus, where the dark and confined area is now associated with fear. This is the acquisition of the phobia, which is the first step of the two-process model. To maintain the phobia, operant conditioning is used. This involves learning through the consequences. A behaviour that is rewarding reinforces the chances of that behaviour that is pleasant is known as positive reinforcement, while the outcome of a behaviour that results escaping something unpleasant is known as negative reinforcement. Once the phobia has been acquired through classical

may help you learn to manage your anxiety. For example, if you're afraid of elevators, your therapy may progress from simply thinking about getting into an elevator, to looking at pictures of elevators, to going near an elevator, to stepping into an elevator. Next, you may take a one-floor ride, then ride several floors, and then ride in a crowded elevator.

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) involves exposure combined with other techniques to learn ways to view and cope with the feared object or situation differently. You learn alternative beliefs about your fears and bodily sensations and the impact they've had on your life. CBT emphasizes learning to develop a sense of mastery and confidence with your thoughts and feelings rather Below is a list of different types of phobias: Carcinophobia – The fear of cancer. People with this develop ex- than feeling overwhelmed by them. treme diets.

Thanatophobia – The fear of death. Even talking about death can be hard.

Glossophobia – The fear of public speaking. Not being able to do speeches.

Monophobia – The fear of being alone.

Even while eating and/or sleeping.

Atychiphobia – The fear of failure. It is the single greatest barrier to success.

Ornithophobia – The fear of birds.

Individuals suffering from this may only fear certain species.

Alektorophobia – The fear of chickens. You may have this phobia if chickens make you panic. conditioning individuals exhibit avoidance responses, which reduce fear response, making them more likely to occur again in the future. Following on from the example, the avoidance response would be to carry a headlight and hammer wherever you go, the hammer is to break out of the confined area and the headlight to provide light in the dark, this reduces stress levels, however this is an example of a cognitive bias. In summary the two-process model consist of classical conditioning, which is the acquisition of a phobia, and operant conditioning, which is the maintenance of the phobia.

There are a few ways in which phobias can be cured, most of which are cognitive behavioural therapy treatments and in some cases some people use exposure therapy.

Exposure therapy focuses on changing your response to the object or situation that you fear.

Gradual, repeated exposure to the source of your specific phobia and the related thoughts, feelings and sensations

THE WAR THAT STARTED IT ALL World War II may be the most talked-about historic war, but how much do you know about World War One? Here are some interesting factoids about the war that spread as far as China and was fought by servicemen from Asia, North America, the Caribbean, Australasia and Africa.

1- An explosion on the battlefield in France was heard in London A group of miners, operating in total secrecy, dug tunnels up to 100ft underground, to plant and detonate mines beneath the enemy's trenches. Their biggest success was at Messines Ridge in Belgium where over 900,000lbs of explosives were simultaneously detonated in 19 underground tunnels.

Much of the German front line was destroyed, and the explosions were heard 140 miles away by the British prime minister in Downing St. 2- Journalists faced execution As the Government sought to control the flow of information from the frontline, journalists were banned from reporting the realities of war. Reporting on the conflict was, in the opinion of the War

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Mr Shumile J. Chishty

Office, helping the enemy. If caught, they faced the death penalty.

3- WW1 sparked the invention of plastic surgery Unlike the straight-line wounds inflicted by bullets, the twisted metal shards produced from a shrapnel blast in WW1 could easily rip a face off. Horrified by the injuries he saw, surgeon Harold Gillies took on the task of helping victims and pioneered early techniques of facial reconstruction in the process.

4- The youngest British soldier was 12 years old Sidney Lewis was just 12 years old when he lied about his age and joined the army during World War One. He was one of thousands of eager underage boys who enlisted and ended up fighting alongside their adult counterparts on the front.

5- Blood banks were developed during WW1 A US Army doctor, Captain Oswald Robertson, established the first blood bank on the Western Front in 1917, using sodium citrate to prevent the blood from coagulating and becoming unusable.

Blood was kept on ice for up to 28 days and then transported to casualty – clearing stations for use in life-saving surgery.

Pakistan Happier Than Its Neighbours

Pakistan is the 75th happiest country in the world, according to an annual survey. Pakistan ranks higher than Bangladesh (115), India (133) and Afghanistan (145) in the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network’s (SDSN) 2018 World Happiness Report which ranked 156 countries according to things such as GDP per capita, social support, healthy life expectancy, social freedom, generosity and absence of corruption.

Finland is the world’s happiest country and Burundi came in the bottom of the report. Taking the harsh, dark winters in their stride, Finns said access to nature, safety, childcare, good schools and free healthcare were among the best things about in their country.

The report found Americans were getting less happy even as their country became richer.

Finland, rose from fifth place last year to oust Norway from the top spot. The 2018 top-10, as ever dominated by the Nordics, is: Finland, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Switzerland, Netherlands Canada, New Zealand, Sweden and Australia.

The United States came in at 18th, down from 14th place last year. Britain was 19th and the United Arab Emirates 20th.

One chapter of the 170-page report is dedicated to emerging health problems such as obes-

ity, depression and the opioid crisis, particularly in the United States where the prevalence of all three has grown faster than in most other countries. While US income per capita has increased markedly over the last half century, happiness has been hit by weakened social support networks, a perceived rise in corruption in government and business and declining confidence in public institutions.

For the first time since it was started in 2012, the report, which uses a variety of polling organisations, official figures and research methods, ranked the happiness of foreign-born immigrants in 117 countries.

Finland took top honours in that category too, giving the country a statistical double-gold status.

The foreign-born were least happy in Syria, which has been mired in civil war for seven years. Although immigrants come from countries with very different levels of happiness, their reported life evaluations converge towards those of other residents in their new countries. Those who move to happier countries gain, while those who move to less happy countries lose.

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Recipients Of 2018 Sitara-E-Imtiaz The Sitara-e-Imtiaz is the third highest honour and civilian award in Pakistan, which is presented on 23rd March to those who have made fruitful contributions to the country.

President Mamnoon Hussain conferred awards and medals on civil and military personalities for their outstanding contribution in different fields at Aiwan-e-Sadr last month.

Chief of Army Staff General Qamar Javed Bajwa, Chairman Joint Chief of Staff Committee Zubair Mehmood Hayat, Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Zafar Mahmood Abbasi, Chief of Air Staff Mujahid Anwar Khan, federal ministers, MNAs and civil and military officials also attended the ceremony.

A total of 141 recipients, including 10 foreign nationals and Pakistanis living abroad, received the civil awards.

On the other hand, seven awards were given in

the category of Hilal-i-Imtiaz, four Sitara-i-Pakistan, eight Sitara-i-Shujaat, 26 Sitara-i-Imtiaz, 41 Pride of Performance, one each Sitara-e-Quaid-iAzam and Sitar-i-Khdimat, 22 Tamgha-e-Shuja’at and 21 Tamgha-e-Imtiaz.

The awards in Military categories included Hilali-Imtiaz (Military) HI (M) (44) and Sitara-i-Basalat (Military) SBt (14). The Awards in Civil categories included Nishan-i-Imtiaz (2), Hilal-i-Quaid-i-Azam (1), Hilal-i-Imtiaz (7),Sitara-i-Pakistan (3), Sitarai-Shuja’at (10), Sitara-i-Imtiaz (11), President’s Award for Pride of Performance (8), Sitara-iQuaid-e-Azam (1), Tamgha-i-Shuja’at (24) and Tamgha-i-Imtiaz (6).

Sitara-e-Imtiaz recipients 2018 include cricketers, Shahid Afridi, Sarfaraz Ahmed, Younus Khan and Misbah uL Haq. Singer Shehzad Roy was also honoured along with renowned public figures Amjad Sabri (Late) and Junaid Jamshed (Late).

MOTHER EARTH Earth is the third planet from the Sun and is the largest of the terrestrial planets. It is the only planet in our solar system not to be named after a Greek or Roman deity. The Earth was formed approximately 4.54 billion years ago and is the only known planet to support life.

core of the planet, coupled with its rapid rotation.

This field protects the Earth from the effects of solar wind.

4-Earth is the only planet not named after a god.

The other seven planets in our solar system are all named after Roman gods or goddesses. Although only Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn were named during ancient times, because they were visible to the naked eye, the Roman method of naming planets was retained after the discovery of Uranus and Neptune.

1-The Earth’s rotation is gradually slowing.

This deceleration is happening almost imperceptibly, at approximately 17 milliseconds per hundred years, although the rate at which it occurs is not perfectly uniform. This has the effect of lengthening our days, but it happens so slowly that it could be as many as 140 million years before the length 5-The Earth is the densest planet in the Solar System. of a day will have increased to 25 hours.

This varies according to the part of the planet; 2-The Earth was once believed to be the centre of for example, the metallic core is denser than the crust. The average density of the Earth is approxithe universe.

Due to the apparent movements of the Sun and mately 5.52 grams per cubic centimetre. planets in relation to their viewpoint, ancient scientists insisted that the Earth remained static, PLANET PROFILE whilst other celestial bodies travelled in circular Equatorial diameter: 12,756km orbits around it. Eventually, the view that the Sun Polar diameter: 12,714km was at the centre of the universe was postulated Mass: 5.97x10^24kg

by Copernicus, though this is also not the case.

Moons: 1

Orbit distance: 149,598,262 km (1 AU)

3-Earth has a powerful magnetic field.

Orbit period: 365.24 days This phenomenon is caused by the nickel-iron Surface temperature: -88 to 58C

Takeaway Salad Is Food Waste Thousands of tons of perfectly good Takeaway food goes straight into the bin every year claims new research.

A survey by UK waste management company BusinessWaste.co.uk found that over '99% of bagged salads given away by takeaway food establishments are never eaten, with many thrown into waste bins unopened'.

The company claims public waste bins nears some curry houses and takeaway kebab shops are often filled to overflowing with bagged salads as customers dump them at the first opportunity.

In a survey of 3500 people at several locations in the UK were asked what they did with free salads given

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away as an accompaniment to curries or kebabs.

• 94% Throw it in the bin without opening • 1% Put it in the fridge, and throw it away later • 6% Leave it in the shop or give it back to the delivery person • 0% Eat it When asked why they avoided takeaway salads some of the responses included: • "I don't know where it's been."

• "I've been told that it's dirty." / "... it's out of date." / "...they don't wash it."

• "I might get food poisoning off it." / "I heard somebody good food poisoning off it."

• "I hate salad."

My One Hundred Lines For The One Hundreth Edition Of Ilm Newspaper Written By: Shaheryar A. Chishty One hundred newspapers have been delivered Thousands of hearts have been captivated Written by cultivated authors Their content Is highly rated

He interviewed the ex-lord mayor of Sheffield Mr Talib Hussain- a great politician They had a meaningful conversation He succeeded, it was his ambition

Mr Muhamad Mahroof Mirza, is a diligent counDr Abdul Qadeer khan, is full of profundity cillor His knowledge reflects in his text He is ardent for helping ILM news and the comTeaching all of his viewers About his theories on physics, he is one of the munity He decides many events best He helps people stay in unity He is a nuclear scientist, a personage of Pakistan Mr Mohamad Mahroof Hussain, is a cordial He graced the world with his movements leader An intellectual man He directs his followers across the country The knowledge was passed on to his students He shows them a shining path He possesses political sagacity, he speaks very Each writer possesses ingenuity They implement it in the newspapers without humbly any struggles An expert in selling ILM news is like a glass of elderflower cordial He writes flawlessly about properties Filled with many shooting bubbles Mr Mohamad Mahroof Mr.Munir Blooch, a man who writes on the Brit- for his clients he can appease ish regime A venerated teacher graces us with his presence He is eloquent in his speech Mr Syed Ahmad Syed, he motivated me when I This is why people read his columns was in need They have ample content to teach A great man He is an amazing preacher, he deserves to exMr Zulfiqar shah ceed Discusses about social complications Understanding what’s happening He conjures solutions for the many controversial Mr Muhamad Ali Chaudry, is a supporter of ILM news conversations His ideas with the newspaper work hand in hand He is worthy of praise Miss Shanaz Bano, writes laudable literature Because of him, ILM news will expand Her work takes you on an imaginary jaunt Reading it is a pleasure Mr Namat Shah, helps this business function Her work deserves for me to vaunt He designed the impeccable website He is a hardworking man A man guides us with Islamic preaching’s Having him in ILM news is a delight Hundreds walk through the doors Mr maulana Aslam Zahid ILM news is blessed to have an amazing chief As he speaks, the knowledge pours editor Mr Muhamad Ali Shah, who writes in Pakistan Dr Allam shah and Dr Sabah shah He brings the newspaper to perfection A couple abundance in intelligence One’s a scholar in philosophy and one`s a pundit He works as hard as he can in business The ILM news canvas is painted in two European In ILM news they have shown their relevance countries Germany and Spain I congratulate Mr Ashiq Hussain Syed Munir Shah and Syed Shoaib Abbas edit Who is eminent in ILM news them He is critical on politics They are all part of this chain He understands the world`s views Mr Shafqat Mirza, deserves a lot of reverence As he has let his pen sink in to this knowledgeable treasure He Has been the most successful journalist Working with him has been a pleasure

Akbar Ali, is the bureau chief of ILM news in Pakistan The veteran of journalism I give him respect He has a strong vision

Barrister Azar, informs our community About any changes in the laws He makes sure we are safe He deserves a round of applause

Miss Saher Ali, is a gracious and a courteous lady Her presence is great for this newspaper She lacks nothing She is an exemplary communicator

Mr Fayyaz Hussain Naqvi, the proud founder Mr Shumile J Chishty, is an adroit author ILM news started many years ago, since then it He writes articles on science has bloomed like flower He is a representative for ILM news His pen and ILM news have made a great alli- He is the heart and soul of this team, He is resilient everyday ance Next year it will stay this way

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SHEFFIELD’S IRON LADIES A charity based in Sheffield that is renowned for building stronger community relations celebrated their 30th Anniversary by focussing its celebrations around International Women and Mothers Day. The Pakistan Muslim Centre’s 30 years of ‘Building Stronger Communities‘celebrations held on Mother’s Day, focussed on honouring suffragettes and endorsing professional accomplishments of so many women from South Yorkshire.

The celebrations which started with a performance by the Romano Jilo Dance Girls group and then progressed on to include several key speakers, including more notably Deputy Lord Lieutenant (Akella Mohammad), The Right Worshipful the Lord Mayor of Sheffield, (Councillor Anne Murphy) , MP Sarah Champion, Nancy Fielder - Editor of the Sheffield Star. Major Lisa Marr, (Head of Engagement Yorkshire & The Humber).

Assistant Chief Fire Officer Alex Johnson, Paula Ward, (NHS Organisational Development Director) concluded with a complimentary meal compromising of Asian delicacies.

Amongst the main attractions on the day were free face painting, massage and bouncy castles, clothes, cake and various gift stalls. With the Army, St Lukes and other attractions there was something of interest for everybody in the large crowd which was made up of primarily women and children.

Pakistan Muslim Centre came into existence in the early 1980’s by a handful of likeminded individuals who wanted to expedite integration and further develop The British Pakistani Communities.

Some of the key figures involved in making the centre a reality were the Late Dr Admani, Mr Haji Bostan and Mr Malik Sadiq. These philanthropists recognised as ambassadors of the British Pakistani Community wanted to ensure equality of opportunity for all. More importantly they wanted the wider world to recognize the enormous potential the British Pakistani Community had and how much they could contribute if equal opportunities were available.

Speaking some 30 years on from that vision, the founding member and community veteran Mr Mohammad Saddiq Malik said “There cannot be anything more rewarding than hearing PMC celebrated its 30th Anniversary by honouring the Iron Ladies of the World. Women have always been the cornerstone of every successful society.

The suffragettes cannot be forgotten, Sheffield is a city flooded with Iron ladies, women who have constitutions stronger than steel, patience harder than iron and strength that is simply immeasurable”.

To mark this special combined celebration the centre compiled a special booklet which captured instrumental messages from a handful of

Pakistan is One of The Most Charitable Nations in the World Pakistanis are one of the most charitable nations in the world, a global report on philanthropy reveals.

The report reveals that the donations account for 1% of the total GDP and around 98% Pakistanis take part in charitable activities. The donations made by Pakistanis are double of what Indians donate as a percentage of their total GDP. Pakistan Centre for Philanthropy conducted a study where it was found that more than $2 billion (Rs 240 billion) are donated by Pakistanis every year.

Pakistan also ranks alongside some of the richest and more developed countries which contribute most to charities.

These countries include the UK, where people donate 1.3% of their GPD, and Canada, where 1.2% of GDP is spent on charities.

One of the reasons behind such high level of donations is the religious obligation in Islam. According to this, wealthy individuals must donate a part of their wealth to those in need as Zakaat.

The survey conducted for the report revealed that most Pakistanis prefer making donations directly to the individuals in need. However, the study recommended that in order to improve social

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security net of Pakistan, people need to donate in a more structured way, that is, through charity organizations.

The survey for measuring philanthropy was conducted at several individual households and focus group discussions. Following three parameters were measured to conclude the survey; The results based on all these parameters revealed that 67% of total donations are made directly to the needy individuals while 33% people prefer to donate through organizations. The reason behind this might be the lack of trust that is placed on the organizations in Pakistan.

Other factors play a role in direct donations to individuals as well. These are; Feeling of sympathy and compassion while donating directly to ones in need.

Organizations lack a proper system to collect small donations.

Religious instituitions like mosques collect small donations.

Wealthy individuals have a low direct reach to the needy individuals so they prefer to donate through organizations.

Low and middle-income groups are more connected with needy individuals so they make direct donations to them, the report says.

By Iffat Yasmin

I may bruise, you can cut the skin, and I will bleed.

But I won’t fall, I won’t give in, and I certainly won’t stop being me.

I can hug you, love you, and care for you.

But I can stand across you in a battle field, I can walk the moon, I can run a country, fly a plane.

I can because I’m a woman ( Iffat Yasmin 2018 ) inspirational women , Misbah Hussain Founder Member of PMC Wrote “ Do not wait for a leader do it alone, person to person “, City Leader Julie Dore wrote “You don’t have to have a leader in your title to lead”. The multitalented and successful Editor Nancy Fielder wrote “Sheffield women from all backgrounds helped make this city the wonderful place that it is today “ The gathering truly went beyond celebrations to mark International Women and Mothers day; it was a day of celebrating the legacy of Women across the globe. More closer to home it was about appreciating Sheffield’s legacy of being the home to some of inspirational iron ladies.

A short poem concerning women who were survivors of domestic violence paid one of the strongest attributions towards the strength of all women across the globe.

The Longest Flights In The World Qantas launched the first non-stop passenger service linking Australia and Europe, with a Boeing 787 Dreamliner departing Perth for London on one of the longest flights in the world.

The service makes Qantas one among a handful of airlines that operate on such long-distance intercontinental routes.

Here are some of the world´s longest flights: Auckland to Doha - 17 hr 40 min: Qatar Airways Flight 921 is currently the longest commercial journey in the world, flying passengers over 14,500 km (9,000 miles) from New Zealand to Qatar in nearly 18 hours on Boeing 777 airliners.

Auckland to Dubai - 17 hr 20 min: Auckland is also the origin of Emirates Airline Flight 449, with Airbus A380 superjumbos travelling 14,200 km in 17 and a half hours to Dubai.

Perth to London - 17 hr 20 min: The new Qantas serv-

ice is the first regular link between Australia and Europe, with the airline´s Boeing 787 planes connecting Perth and London in just over 17 hours. The 14,500-km route is part of the airline´s ambitious plans to eventually connect Europe with airports on Australia´s eastern seaboard as new, more efficient aircraft become available.

Los Angeles to Singapore - 17 hr 20 min: United Airlines launched its service connecting Los Angeles´ LAX airport to Singapore using 787s last year, saying the 14,100-km link would be the longest non-stop flight -- in terms of distance -- from the United States to anywhere in the world.

Houston to Sydney - 17 hr 30 min: United´s 787s also connect Houston in the southern US to Australia, crossing 13,800 km in around 17 and a half hours.

Singapore to New York - 19 hr: The longest flights operating today pale in comparison with Singapore Airlines Flight 22. The carrier flew Airbus A340 airliners from the city-state to New York´s Newark airport -- a journey of over 15,000 kilometres -- from 2004 to 2013, when the service was suspended to cut costs. But the airline plans to restart flights on the route, using the ultra-long range version of the Airbus A350.

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