Regenerative Hub

Regenerative Platform Co-evolving Human, Nature and Built Environment at Ringlet, Cameron Highlands

MB

Mahmoud Bghdadi

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GS55883

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M.Arch UPM 2020-2021

Supervisor: Dr. Nor Hayati Hussain

Course Coordinator: Ar. Sofi Ishak

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Ye a r 5 S e m 2

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Preface As we moved into the advancement that is the industrial era, where the introduction of machines, mass production, and modern transportation is sewn into the very fabric of urbanism, nature is still the resources provider for these advancements. Plus, the waste production rate is increasing simultaneously with the mentioned advancement.

On the other hand though, what does nature get in return was the effect of years and years of resource abused, exploitation, and pollution. So where are human right now on this timeline? We are on industrial 4.0 where we started to be more environmentally conscious and we started to adapt sustainability into our built environment, exploring environmental innovations and seeking better lifestyles and social levels. This time is to give nature a little break she deserves. Malaysia is in need to explore innovative solutions to the Environmental, social, and economic issues according to the Shared Prosperity Vision 2030 to make Malaysia a nation that achieves sustainable growth.

My intention was to study on the issue of waste and how to provide solution for this issue. However, based on my research, I found out that the main issue is not the waste itself, but is it more on the current relationship between us as human and nature and built environment. From there I have started to study on how can we enhance this relationship, and how to empower communities socially, economically and environmentally.Based on the finding, tried to provide the typical solution for waste, which will eventually give impact on communities as well.

Choosing the site on Cameron highland, added the element of tourism to the study. As the result, I am scoping my design into attractive and engaging architecture which will attract both communities and tourist.The proposal will work as the first stop on the journey to Cameron highlands.

Keywords; Cameron Highlands, Waste, Waste Management, Regenerative Design

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Acknowledgement In the name of the God, most gracious, most merciful, praise is to God, the cherisher, and sustainer of the worlds who enable me to achieve my master’s degree and complete this thesis.

I would first like to thank my thesis supervisor Dr. Nor Hayati Hussain at University Putra Malaysia. The door to Dr. Nor’s office was always open whenever I ran into a trouble spot or had a question about my research or design. She consistently allowed this thesis to be my own work but steered me in the right direction whenever she thought I needed it.

I must express my very profound gratitude to my parents and sibling for providing me with unfailing support and continuous encouragement throughout my time of study and through the process of researching and writing this dissertation. This accomplishment would not have been possible without them.

To my wife, partner and best friend, Azura, many thanks for believing in me during my studies. Thank you for sharing all our responsibilities as a couple. Thank you for taking some of my duties from my shoulders while running our own business. Thank you for keeping the motivation and fun atmosphere during my master’s period.

Kuala Lumpur - 2021 Mahmoud Bghdadi

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The most sustainable way is to not make things. The second most sustainable way is to make something very useful, to solve a problem that hasn’t been solved. – Thomas Sigsgaard

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Table of content

1 2 3

Chapter

Introduction • • • • • • •

Background study

Waste Status In Malaysia

Current Practice

Thesis Proposal

Literature Review

Supporting programs and Projects

NABC

Chapter

Site | Ringlet • • •

Site Selection

Site Synthesis

Summery

Chapter

Design Generator • • • •

Architecture Program

Design Idea

Concept development

Reflection on Site

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Table of content

4 5

Chapter

Design Resolution • • •

Schematic Drawings

Feasibility Study

Environmental consciousness

Chapter

Conclusion • • • •

Future Expansion

Design Outcomes

Linking to Aim & Objectives

References

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10

1

Chapter

Introduction • • • • • • •

Background study

Waste Status In Malaysia

Current Practice

Thesis Proposal

Literature Review

Supporting programs and Projects

NABC

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Introduction | Background study

Nature

Regenerative Design

BE

Sustainable BE

Nature

Human

Human

Human

Nature

From the beginning of modern human history, we always have the aspect of nature and humans as human being tries to seek for shelter, food, and surveillance whom which were all provided by nature, for human towards Built Environment. As human being starts to evolve and built better shelter, various terms in building typologies start to come into the picture all while maintaining that nature is still the provider for this, however, we tend to use the natural resources, and produce unsounded materials as a result of processing these resources. As we moved into the advancement that is the industrial era, where the introduction of machines, mass production, and modern transportation is sewn into the very fabric of urbanism, nature is still the resources provider for these advancements.

Plus, the waste production rate is increasing simultaneously with the mentioned advancement.

On the other hand though, what does nature get in return was the effect of years and years of resource abused, exploitation, and pollution. So where are human right now on this timeline? We are on industrial 4.0 where we started to be more environmentally conscious and we started to adapt sustainability into our built environment, exploring environmental innovations and seeking better lifestyles and social levels. This time is to give nature a little break she deserves. Malaysia is in need to explore innovative solutions to the Environmental, social, and economic issues according to the Shared Prosperity Vision 2030 to make Malaysia a nation that achieves sustainable growth.

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Introduction | Waste status in Malaysia

Nowadays, the matter of protecting the environment and preserving natural resources has drawn attention to every society worldwide. waste production rate has been increasing rapidly due to the increase in population, urbanization, and industrialization (Heidari, R., Yazdanparast, R., & Jabbarzadeh, A. 2019). Managing waste has a direct relationship with the country and the lifestyle of its individuals. Also, many social and environmental issues related to waste and waste management have been stated As stated, such as an increase in the land price, and strict authorities regulations (Fullerton & Kinnaman, 1995), wellbeing and safety concerns (Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia, 2005), limitation of landfill sites (Bartelings & Sterner, 1999), and environmental and infrastructure damages (Agamuthu, 2001; United Nations Development Programme Malaysia, 2008; Weitz, Thorneloe, Nishtala, Yarkosky, & Zannes, 2002). And as mentioned by Golroudbary, S. R., & Zahraee, S. M. (2015), waste is one of the important sources of materials and pollution in cities, where managing this waste in a sustainable approach is needed to overcome the challenge.

As found by Fong (2013), inefficient waste management would lead local communities to alternative waste disposal like illegal dumbing at open lands or riversides. Therefore, this would contribute to soil poisoning, disturbing water flow, and unpleasing the visual values towards tourists. The current waste management system in Cameron highland consisted of an open-loop system, which directs all collected waste to the landfills where waste is accumulated and treated using the incineration process. (Ramli, M. N., 2014).

Current conventional methods, for instance, ‘take-make-dispose’ are responsible for degrading natural resources, as well as social and economic levels (Kirchherr, J., Reike, D., & Hekkert, M. 2017). However, one of the main objectives in Circular Economy is to restore and regenerate resource cycles, for instance, to sustain the value of materials during the product’s lifeline, and to minimize the generation of waste, and eventually close the loop of materials through high-value recycling. (Djuric Ilic et al., 2018; Govindan and Hasanagic, 2018). Also, waste generation is considered a potential for economic empowerment for communities through the Circular Economy approach.

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Introduction | Current Practice

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Facilities area industrial oriented and has no potential for community relationship

Profit driven industry

Gap

-

Lack of accessible facilities for waste treatment.

Lack of knowledge in such aspect

Facilities & Treatment Platforms

Community Empowerment

Regenerative Platform

Gap

Waste creative treatment

Gap

Municipal solid waste and agriculture waste considered the primary type of waste produced in Cameron Highlands as the district’s main activities are tourism and temperate agriculture. According to data obtained by Worldwide Fund for Nature Malaysia (WWF), Waste generation in Cameron highland is about 0.8- 1.0kg per person per day; and the rate is increasing to reach 31 tons per day due to the inefficient waste management in the district. As found by Fong (2013), inefficient waste management would lead local communities to alternative waste disposal like illegal dumbing at open lands or riversides. Therefore, this would contribute to soil poisoning, disturbing water flow, and unpleasing the visual values towards tourists.

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Introduction | Thesis Proposal

Statement Following the current Human, Nature and Built Environment relationship. Practices are responsible in degenerating natural resource and neglecting waste management which are degrading human image socially and economically. There is a need for a regenerative design platform to create resilient and equitable systems that integrate the needs of society with the integrity of nature

Aim Design a regenerative waste management platform for communities to meet the challenges of safety, healthy and secure livings in dynamically changing times.

Questions How can Agriculture -waste become a commodity instead of liability for local communities?

How can Architectural design empower communities through waste management?

How can architectural design connect communities to regenerative solutions?

Objectives To enable communities to treat waste as a beneficial resources, to connect communities to a regenerative design platform, and to Achieve community social, economical and environmental empowerment

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Introduction | Literature review

Regenerative Design Co-evolution of humans and nature

Human as part of nature

Designing in context of place

Culture / sense of place

Conservation vs. preservation

Natural resources management

“Design inevitably instructs us about our relationships to nature and people that makes us more or less mindful and more or less ecologically competent. The ultimate object of design is not artefacts, buildings, or landscapes, but human minds.” John T. Layle (Shifting towards Regenerative Design).

Regenerative design is a process-oriented whole systems approach to design. The term "regenerative" describes processes that restore, renew or revitalize their own sources of energy and materials. Regenerative design uses whole systems thinking to create resilient and equitable systems that integrate the needs of society with the integrity of nature.

Designers use systems thinking, applied permaculture design principles, and community development processes to design human and ecological systems. The development of regenerative design has been influenced by approaches found in the biomimicry, biophilic design, ecological economics, circular economics. As well as social movements such as permaculture, transition and the new economy. Regenerative design can also refer to process of designing systems such as restorative justice, rewilding and regenerative agriculture.

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Introduction | Literature review

Circular Economy

Input

Program / Agro-Waste

Process

Community Empowerment/ engagement

Output

Social

Econom ic

Environ ment

“We see a world of abundance, not limits. In the midst of a great deal of talk about reducing the human ecological footprint, we offer a different vision. What if humans designed products and system that celebrate an abundance of human creativity, culture, and productivity? That are so intelligent and safe, our species leaves an ecological footprint to delight in, not lament?” William McDounugh (Cradle to cradle)

A circular economy is a systemic approach to economic development designed to benefit businesses, society, and the environment. In contrast to the ‘take-make-waste’ linear model, a circular economy is regenerative by design and aims to gradually decouple growth from the consumption of finite resources. After defining what an economy actually is, this learning path explores the nuances of the concept of a circular economy, including the difference between biological and technical materials, the different opportunities that exist to keep materials and products in use, and the history of the idea. Finally, the benefits of shifting from a linear to a circular economy are highlighted.

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Introduction | Literature review

Biomimetic Design

Behaviour Level

Function to Form

Organism Level

Form & Image

Innovations

Details

Biomimicry is innovation inspired by nature. In a society accustomed to dominating or 'improving' nature, this respectful imitation is a radically new approach, a revolution really. Unlike the Industrial Revolution, the Biomimicry Revolution introduces an era based not on what we can extract from nature, but on what we can learn from her.

Janine Benyus (Biomimetic Design).

This "biomimetic revolution" is now considered to be a major guideline towards more sustainable built environments, meaning that buildings are focused on learning from nature rather than only extracting elements from it.

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Introduction | Supporting programs and Projects

Food Waste Composting and Creating Recycling Loop in Cameron Highland, Pahang 2017 - 2020

Objectives : Introduce the concept of Recycling Loop

Recycling Loop in this context means food waste

To introduce a new technology in organic waste treatment.

Collaborators : Cameron Highland District Council

Malaysia Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI)

Department of Agriculture

Smart Recycle Bin Project : To Create Recycle- Oriented Society in Malaysia 2016 - to date

Objectives : To motivate and encourage Malaysian society to contribute to the management of solid waste in the country

To civilised the recycling process to the users rewarding points Collaborators : Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

Improvement of Solid Waste Management in Fraser's Hill, Pahang 2014 - to date

Objectives : To separate and treat food waste to produce high quality compost.

To develop a practical recycling program Collaborators : Pahang State Government Alam Flora Sdn Bhd Raub District Council

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Introduction | N.A.B.C

Need

Approach

There is a need for a regenerative design platform to create resilient and equitable systems that integrate the needs of society with the integrity of nature

Design approach consists of three main frameworks of Regenerative design, Circular Economy, and Locality Architecture

Benefit

Competition

Social Benefits Communal interaction & relationship.

Establishing awareness, knowledge and skills through the designed program.

Profit driven industry and the traditional habits and practice of illegal dumping.

Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Corporation (SWCorp).

Pros: Waste to money events - Recycling to fertilisers Cons: No community empowerment effort - no research & development - No attractive activities - no visitor centre

Economical Benefits Self sufficient in reproduction various product from generated waste.

Environmental Benefits Saving natural resources

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2

Chapter

Site | Ringlet • • •

Site Selection

Site Synthesis

Summery

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Site | Site Selection - Ringlet

“If a tree falls in the forest and no one is there to hear, has it made any noise?” Though never cited by the author, this hoary conundrum lies at the heart of David Leatherbarrow’s argument in The Roots of Architectural Invention. If no one experiences a work of design, can architecture be said to have happened? Leatherbarrow would answer no: architecture is not something that has an autonomous existence, that goes on apart from us. Architecture is not a phenomenon that “is,” but rather a phenomenon that “happens,” in the presence of a sensing body and a perceiving, remembering consciousness. The idea that architecture has an independent existence has wide currency these days, Leatherbarrow maintains, and is seated most strongly in commonly held conceptions of the three topics of his subtitle: site, enclosure, and materials.

For Leatherbarrow the only “nature of the site” that truly matters is the one conceived by human imagination. To encompass this idea he invokes the familiar term genius loci, and urges the architect to design so as to make the genius apprehensible. By this he does not mean that be neath an imperfect actual site there is a Platonic ideal site, hidden by circumstance but eternally “there.” Rather a site's genius loci is something the architect must imagine: it is to make that imagined site apprehensible that the architect designs.

The site is selected also to micro factors and criteria based on accessibility, communality independence, demographic diversity and surrounding activities.

Demographical diversity

Surrounding activities

Accessibility

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Community independence

Site | Site Synthesis

Realistic Topography 3D

Proposed site

Realistic Topography 3D

Proposed site

Realistic Topography 3D

Proposed site

LOW POINT

HIGH POINT

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Site | Site Synthesis

Landslide susceptibility map generated by the LR model

Validated landslide locations using a handheld GPS

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Site | Site Synthesis

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Site | Site Synthesis

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Site | Summery

Strength The proposed site is located at a main intersection of the main road in Ringlet. The intersection connect ringlet to Tanah Rata, and Bertam Valley, which is the largest agricultural land in the district of Cameron Highlands.

Weakness The site is next to a residential zone. The spatial planning need to be managed in proper method to respond to the neighbouring context.

Opportunity Since the site is surrounded by many agricultural activities, it has the potential of proposing natural resources treatment centre to give an impact to the surrounding context socially, economically and environmentally.

Threat Accessibility to the site might face difficulties specially for large vehicles due to the nature of road in the district of Cameron Highlands.

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3

Chapter

Design Generator • • • •

Architecture Program

Design Idea

Concept development

Reflection on Site

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Design Generator | Architecture Program

The typology is divided into three main categories. Social category is responsible for the community empowerment which include social activities, such as education, entertainment, ecotourism and research. Environmental category is responsible on the natural resources management. While the economic category include the waste treatment platform.

According to Hofstede (1997: 80) culture is “the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from another”.

Different people have various levels of mind programming based on different levels of culture. One of these levels is “the national level of culture. According to Hofstede (1997), there is a relationship between national and culture due to the interaction of people with other people politically within one organization. The national culture underpins the behaviour of the individuals. “As nations are sub culturally heterogeneous individuals do not all have common subcultures, but most or all are said to share a common national culture: the collective programming which I call culture should be seen as collective component shared in the minds of otherwise different individuals and absent in the minds of individuals belonging to a different society” (Hofstede, 1980a: 37). National culture will be formulated throughout the individual’s’ lifetime, also national culture will be shared and passed by the majority of members of a community. (Hofstede, 1997).

National culture is also the ‘culture two’ as Hofstede (1997: 5) called it: “greeting, eating, showing or not showing feelings, keeping a certain physical distance from others, making love, or maintaining body hygiene”. This statement shows that national culture also includes common daily actions between people.

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Design Generator | Architecture Program Local closed loop Long term

Jan Dec

Feb

Nov

Mar

Apr

Oct

May

Sep Aug

Spiral Market Community farming Learning Hub

Jul

Jun

Core activity Waste treatment

Annual Market

Companies Bonding

School trips

Visitors closed loop Short term

Jan Dec

Feb

Nov

Mar

Apr

Oct

May

Sep Aug

Jul

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Jun

Design Generator | Design Idea

Architecture as A Machine

Architecture as a machine is an assemblage of elements, as constituting different parts that together make up the whole system

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Design Generator | Concept Development

For Le Corbusier the modern house needed to function like a machine, efficiently and without extraneous parts. That is not to say it should look like a machine, although he was often interpreted as having said so. Rather, he was advocating the suppression of decorative clutter and unnecessary furnishings and possessions. Emulating the efficiency of a machine, the house needs everything necessary for healthful personal maintenance and private cultivation, but nothing materially extraneous.

Inspiration for the idea of fun palace came from traditional pleasure gardens and working men's institutes, which were very much for the community as a whole. They wanted to build a radical venue which was to be a "laboratory of fun" or a "university of the streets", where visitors could go along and enjoy performances, participate in arts and craft activities or just meet up and have fun. As a result, allowing culture, science and education to be available to people from all backgrounds.

At his most wildly optimistic, Banham’s abiding epistle remains ‘A Home Is Not a House’. This landmark text attempted to legitimise the notion of arcadian, freedomloving ‘electric nomads’ with gizmos to hand, the world an oyster, with Banham repudiating the ‘enclosure business’ altogether at the Folkestone Rally of 1966. From the perspective of today, with the word ‘home’ almost meaningless within a sea of persuasion and fear, the idea that technology might provide such a thing autonomously appears ridiculous.

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Design Generator | Concept Development

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Design Generator | Concept Development

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Design Generator | Reflection on Site

Creating a platform to help surrounding farming activities. Agricultural waste can be transferred to be processed. The outcomes results would support the local farmers

Local commercial stretches will be supported and continued at the proposed site with pedestrian friendly and human friendly scale elements.

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Design Generator | Reflection on Site

Creating a platform to help surrounding residential zones. The local residents would engage with the proposed platform to gain economical, environmental and social benefits

Create multiple pedestrian access to enhance human interaction and engagement.

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Design Generator | Reflection on Site

Creating a platform to help surrounding residential zones. The local residents would engage with the proposed platform to gain economical, environmental and social benefits

Create multiple pedestrian access to enhance human interaction and engagement.

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Design Generator | Reflection on Site

Main Road (NO. 59) View

Main Road (NO. 59) View

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4

Chapter

Design Resolution • • •

Schematic Drawings

Feasibility Study

Environmental consciousness

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Design Resolution | Schematic Drawings

Third floor 0

5

10

20

44

40 m

Design Resolution | Schematic Drawings Sectional Perspective for Unloading area

0

1

2

4

8m

Sectional Perspective for Spiral Market

0

2

4

8

16 m

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Design Resolution | Schematic Drawings

3 5 1 6 4

2

Input section 1. Walkway waste exchange

2. Services

3. Regenerative tower

4. Spiral market

5. Unloading zone

6. Treatment units

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Design Resolution | Schematic Drawings A

3 B

Produce C Adapt

Evolve

F

Regenerative Tower A. Concentrated solar panel.

B. Atmospheric water collector netting.

C. Water plate collector and piping

D. Primary water tank and filters

E. Water tanks

F. Louver system

D

E

1

A

Produce F

Adapt B

C

E D

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Evolve

Walkway waste exchange A. Louver System to provide shading and allowing natural ventilation.

B. Timber structure system consist of beams, rafters and columns.

C. Exchange units

D. Waste disposal and weighing units

E. Walkway / Driveway

F. Algae panels uses extracted water and provide electrical energy stored in batteries

Design Resolution | Schematic Drawings

6

C

Produce B Adapt

Waste treatment platform A. Sorting, composting, nutrient extraction, water filtration, gasification

B. Timber structure system

C. Louvers, ventilationpanels

A

4

D

Produce

Adapt

C

Spiral Market A. Spiral Market and ramps

B. Circulation

C. Structure system

D. Louvers system

E. Plantation Boxes

E A B

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49

Design Resolution | Schematic Drawings

Second floor 0

5

10

20

50

40 m

Design Resolution | Schematic Drawings

Sectional Perspective for Community Kitchen

0

1

2

4

8m

0

1

2

4

8m

Sectional Perspective for Multipurpose space

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Design Resolution | Schematic Drawings

6

5

2

1

4 3

Process section 1. Community Kitchen

2. Multipurpose hall

3. Regenerative exhibition

4. Natural museum

5. Onsite accommodation

6. Observation deck

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Design Resolution | Schematic Drawings

1 D

C

Produce

Adapt B Processing Section A. Community Kitchen

B. Art and Craft workshop

C. Timber Structural system

D. Louvers system

E. Loading zone

F. Neighbouring Community access

A

E

F

2

D

C Adapt

Evolve Multipurpose hall A. Flexible space

B. Crane for rearrangment

C. Timber Structural system

D. Louvers system

B

A

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Design Resolution | Flexible space possibilities

A

Adapt

Evolve

Fun Place 1. sky netting

2. Playground

3. Giant slide

4. Climbing wall

1

3 4

2

B Adapt

Evolve

Performance 1. Seating area

2. Performance stage

2

1

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Design Resolution | Flexible space possibilities

C Produce

Adapt

Evolve Plantation Plaza 1. Wall hydroponic

2. Floor hydroponic

3. Instruction and information

4. Loop hydroponic

4

3

2

1

D Produce

Adapt

Evolve Mini Factory 1. Input

2. Process

3. output

3

2 1

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Design Resolution | Schematic Drawings

First floor 0

5

10

20

56

40 m

Design Resolution | Schematic Drawings

Sectional Perspective for exhibition

0

2

4

8

16 m

Sectional Perspective for Accommodation

0

1

2

4

8m

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Design Resolution | Schematic Drawings

5 6

2 1

4

3

Output section 1. Nature exhibition

2. Admen and offices

3. Community plaza

4. Community farm

5. Onsite accommodation

6. Activity rooms

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Design Resolution | Schematic Drawings

1 G

F

Adapt D Evolve

E

Output Section A. Open Plaza

B. Community Farming

C. Timber Structural system

D. Natural exhibition

E. Regenerative exhibition

F. Timber Structure system

G. Building envelop system

C

B

A

5 E

D Adapt

Evolve Output Section A. Indoor activity spaces

B. On site accommodation

C. Ventilation facades

D. Structural system

E. Louvers system

C

B

A

59

Design Resolution | Schematic Drawings

Ground floor 0

5

10

20

60

40 m

Design Resolution | Schematic Drawings

Perspective from main road

Perspective for community farming area

61

Design Resolution | Schematic Drawings

5 1 4

2

3

Output section 1. Outdoor plaza

2. Drop-off

3. Main access

4. Community farm

5. Lift

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Design Resolution | Schematic Drawings

A

9

8

10

7 5 4

3

2

6

Adapt Evolve

Output 1.

Main Road

2.

Drop-off

3.

Outdoor market

4.

Lift

5.

Storage area

6.

Community farming

7.

Slop

8.

Vegetation

9.

Timber structure

10. Stalls

63

Design Resolution | Schematic Drawings

Forth floor 0

5

10

20

64

40 m

Design Resolution | Schematic Drawings

Sectional Perspective for Drone Lift

0

1

2

4

8m

Interior Perspective for Observation Deck

65

Design Resolution | Schematic Drawings

1

3 5

Input section 1. Drone pad

2. Circulation

3. Observation deck

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2

Design Resolution | Schematic Drawings

1 E

D Produce Adapt Evolve

Drone pad A. Waste conveyer

B. Dron Lift shaft

C. Hydraulic drone lift

D. Automated gate

E. Drone pad

F. Unloading zone B

C

A

F

3 D Adapt

Observation Deck A. Observation Deck

B. Indoor event

C. Timber stricture system

D. Louvers system

C

A

B

67

Design Resolution | Schematic Drawings

Long section 0

Walkthrough

Waste exchange

Waste.

Treatment Plant

Regen tower

5

10

20

Observation deck

40 m

Multipurpose hall

Perspective for Regenerative exhibition

68

Exhibition

Design Resolution | Schematic Drawings

Perspective Multipurpose space

Perspective for Community Kitchen

69

70

Design Resolution | Feasibility Study

Pr co

Us all

Th sta

Co

Ba RM

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Design Resolution | Feasibility Study Preliminaries and general cost include earthwork and site preparations are 4.5% of total construction cost.

Using contextual materials, like bamboo, timber for building reduces the building cost to all in unit RM1,000 per sq.m

The site location is in Cameron Highlands, therefore, the site preparation is higher than standard because of natural elements like trees, and bushes.

Contribution to local authorities is 1.5% of construction work.

Based on scale of minimum fees, architect fees is [(Cost - RM 16,000,000) x 5.50%] + RM 1,116,250

The site provides rental farming land for surrounding communities at the rate of RM 0.2 per sq.ft

Waste to energy platform provide facilities to regenerate natural waste into electricity, fertilisers and biogas.

Homestay units are available at the building for short term stay.

The project provides indoor and outdoor exhibition areas can be rented by local companies and startups.

The proposed building is self sufficient building that can generate electricity, filter water from resource treatment process of waste.

Building maintenance follows the Typically Building Maintenance Operations cost between RM2.5 to RM3.5 per square metre of building space per month. This cost includes the combination of wages, materials and subcontractor costs.

72

Design Resolution | Feasibility Study

The proposed building can generate payback within 7 to 8 years based on the proposed facilities and spaces.

100% profit will be generated with 14 to 15 years.

ROI of 7% considered good investment opportunity based on Malaysian Market for commercial/industrial projects.

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Design Resolution | Environmental Consciousness Narrow building footprint with long facades oriented perpendicular to the prevailing winds to support natural ventilation. Larger floor- plate buildings can use fan assistance to move air through the building.

The long sides facing East and West, to provide access to beneficial daylight and minimise difficult-to-control low-angle sun, and provide needed amount of solar beams for solar panels. CFD simulation has been conducted by design builder software to show the building form respond to the wind factor. The result shows better conditions. The simulation shows average results in 2 different months B1

B2

C2

C2

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75

76

5

Chapter

Conclusion • • • •

Future Expansion

Design Outcomes

Linking to Aim & Objectives

References

77

Conclusion | Future Expansion Future Expansion

Satellite REGEN station

Satellite REGEN station

3000

2000

Satellite REGEN station

1000

Main Building (Ringlet)

78

Conclusion | Future Expansion Kampung Raja Satellite Station

Adapt Production Evolve

Brinchang Satellite Station

Education Production Evolve

Tanah Rata Satellite Station

Regen Production Evolve

79

Conclusion | Future Expansion

The project is not excluded on the main building only. The proposal also include satellite stations prototypes to be implemented in the future of Cameron Highlands district to enhance the social, economic and environment aspects. The satellite stations to be proposed in each of Tanah Rata, Brinchang, and Kampung Raja. Each prototype target specific function based on the proposed location.

Perspective Satellite Station #1

80

Conclusion | Future Expansion

Satellite Station #1 A. Waste conveyer

B. Dron Lift shaft

C. Hydraulic drone lift

D. Automated gate

E. Drone pad

F. Unloading zone

1

B

C

D

I

E

H

F

G

81

Conclusion | Future Expansion

Perspective Satellite Station #2

82

Conclusion | Future Expansion

2

Satellite Station #1 A. Waste conveyer

B. Dron Lift shaft

C. Hydraulic drone lift

D. Automated gate

E. Drone pad

F. Unloading zone

A

B

C

D

I

E H

F

G

83

Conclusion | Design Outcomes

Design Outcomes

•

Natural waste treatment platform. The platform is responsible on transferring the date into different type of energy and production. The result of the platform, can be sold into the proposed market as well as an exchange items for delivered waste from the local communities.

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Spiral market provide a solution of vertical farming which need to be implemented in Cameron Highlands instead of horizontal expansion. The spiral market also provide the experience of picking fruits which Cameron Highlands famous of.

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Regenerative town responsible on providing sustainable solutions of water and electrical supply. The tower consist of atmospheric water collector, and concentrated solar power collector.

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Social spaces such as community kitchen, resting area and regenerative exhibition are also provided to enhance knowledge, interaction and resources supply to the visitors and communities.

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On site accommodation and research development spaces are provided to keep the building up to dated with latest creative solution in treating waste.

Linking To Aims and Objectives The aim and objectives of this thesis are answered successfully as the following:

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The aim is to design a regenerative waste management platform for communities to meet the challenges of safety, healthy and secure livings in dynamically changing times.

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The objectives are to enable communities to treat waste as a beneficial resources, to connect communities to a regenerative design platform, and to Achieve community social, economical and environmental empowerment

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Regenerative Platform Co-evolving Human, Nature and Built Environment at Ringlet, Cameron Highlands

Regenerative Hub

Mahmoud Bghdadi

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GS55883

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M.Arch UPM 2020-2021

Supervisor: Dr. Nor Hayati Hussain

Course Coordinator: Ar. Sofi Ishak

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Ye a r 5 S e m 2