Demographic Indicators

PRESENTATION OF

DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS

BY MAITRI SINGHAI 500054669

W H AT I S DEMOGRAPHY

Demography is the scientific study of human population which includes the study of changes in population sizes its composition and distribution and to study that we have various indicator ‌ Demographic indicators has been subdivided into two partspopulation Statistics and Vital Statistics.

POPULATION SIZE AND DENSITY WHAT IS POPULATION SIZE AND DENSITY?

• Population size is the actual number of individuals in a population. Population density is a measurement of population size per unit area, i.e., population size divided by total land area.

HOW DO WE DETERMINE IT?

• Population size is determined by births, deaths, immigration, emigration, and limiting factors (biotic and abiotic) that determine carrying capacity.

• Population Density = Number of People/Land Area. The unit of land area should be square miles or square kilometre Source : Registrar General of India or census data

AGE AND SEX COMPOSITION ,SEX RATIO AND AGE DEP END ENCY RATI O

• . Sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population

• The distribution of the population by age groups and male and female and others • The age-dependency ratio is the ratio of persons in the “dependent” ages (generally under age 15 and over age 64) to those in the “economically productive” ages (15-64 years) in a population.

LIFE EXPECTANCY

Life expectancy or expectation of life at a given age, is the number of years which a person of that age may expect to live according to the mortality pattern prevalent in the country.

IMPORTANCE OF IT It is one of the best indicators of a country’s level of development and of the overall health status of the population.

BIRTH AND DEATH RATE • The Birth rate is the total number of live births per 1,000 of a population in a year.

• Mortality rate, or death rate, is a measure of the number of deaths in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time. Mortality rate is typically expressed in units of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year; • CALCULATIONS OF THESE The rate of births and deaths in a population is calculated in several ways: live births from a universal registration system for births, deaths, and marriages; population counts from a census, and estimation through specialized demographic techniques. The birth rate (along with mortality and migration rate) are used to calculate population growth

TOTAL FERTILITY RATE • The number of children that would be born per woman if she were to live to the end of her child-bearing years and bear children at each age in accordance with prevailing age-specific fertility rates.

If, on average, women give birth to 2.1 children and these children

survive to the age of 15, any given woman will have replaced herself and her partner upon death. A TFR of 2.1 is known as the replacement rate. Generally speaking, when the TFR is greater than 2.1, the population in a given area will increase, and when it is less than 2.1, the population in a given area will eventually decrease, though it may take some time because factors such as age structure, emigration, or immigration must be considered .

NEED TO ANALYSE • Many professions including but not limited to government, safety forces, realtors, appraisers, financial institutions, food service, non-profit agencies, and retailers.

• Separate data for males and females and for ages are important in themselves, for the analysis of other types of data, and for the evaluation of the completeness and accuracy of the census counts of population.

• Breaking down population by age and sex enables researchers to analyse variations of social phenomena by specific groups of population such as infants and children, youth, adults, and the elderly • Birth and death rate show the population growth

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