Mamiko TANAKA Portfolio NUS MLA

PORTFOLIO

MAMIKO TANAKA

National University of Singapore,

Master of Landscape Architecture, Class of 2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS NUS STUDIO WORKS

01 02

Mangrove Drawdown Island Regenetation of the Vernacular Water Landscape in Jakarta

DESIGN COMPETITION

05 06

An Althernative Vision for Park in 2105 綴

-「まち庭」が綴る京都の景 -

-Community gardens create a new landscape of Kyoto-

NWU THESIS PROJECT

03 04

Urban Revitalization Plan of Sakai Harbor Urban Revitalization Plan of Sakai Based on the Moat System

WORKSHOP

07

天のしるべ

A Signpost to Heaven

TABLE OF CONTENTS NUS STUDIO WORKS

01 02

Mangrove Drawdown Island Regenetation of the Vernacular Water Landscape in Jakarta

Of the four studios at NUS, I have included two individual projects in this portfolio. In both projects, I addressed urban issues related to water, such as the global problem of sea level rise, the distance from water and flooding in rapidly developing cities by using nature-based solutions.

Specifically, "Mangrove Drawdown Island" is a mangrove-based response to sea level rise, and "Regeneration of Vernacular Water Landscape in Jakarta" proposes a new agricultural community and floodable park with a proposed waterway network. In both of these projects, I emphasized the analysis of the historical changes of the site using aerial photographs and old maps in order to draw out the potential of the place and get clues for the design.

As in the above two projects, my two years of research-oriented studio design experience has developed my logical thinking skills as well as my ability to envision a resilient urban future through landscape design.

Drawdown Strategy: Selected Site: Coney Isalnd

Increase Mangrove Potential Site: Seletar Island

Site Criteria: 1. Previous Mangrove

2. Reclamation Island 3. Main Land Use: Recreation

Strategy:

Maximize Mangrove

Restore and Expand Remaining Mangrove

TOTAL AREA

70 HA

TOTAL CARBON OFFSET

65590 TONS

TOTAL CARBON OFFSET FOR PEOPLE

7215 PEOPLE

DIVERSIFY MANGROVE ACROSS SG Punggol Digital District

INCREASE MANGROVE ACROSS SG

SIT Campus Zone

Test Site Restration Area

INCREASE WATER ACTIVITY in PUNGGOL

Serangoon Reservoir

Recreational Pool

North Nursery

South Nursery

OBS Campus Zone

Water Activity Zone Adventure Zone

Planting Zone

PROTECT INLAND FROM FLOODING AND RISING SEA LEVEL

01

Mangrove Drawdown Island Location: Coney Island, Singapore individual/Group Work: Individual Date, Carried Out: Airpril 16, 2021

Level of the Project: Final Studio Work, 2021 Superviser: Liu Huei Lyn (hueilyn.liu@gmail.com) & Ryan Shubin (rymshubin@gmail.com)

In the studio, which aims to reduce the carbon footprint of Singapore, I have chosen to increase mangroves as a strategy. Not only do mangroves absorb carbon, but they are also a response to rising sea levels. In the past, Singapore's estuaries were covered with rich mangroves, but urbanization and coastal reclamation have drastically reduced the area.

In this proposal, I have created a vision that Coney Island will become a hub for increasing the mangroves in Singapore. The seven mangrove areas proposed while integrating existing communities and new schemes will provide a unique experience with mangroves. These areas will not only enhance people's understanding of mangroves, but will also contribute to the increase and diversification of mangrove species and their utilization.

The entire island is designed to act as a buffer to protect the Punggol area behind it from natural disasters such as sea level rise, windbreaks and inland flooding.

CONCEPT Increase Mangrove and Drawdown Through photosynthesis, mangroves absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide and transfer it to sediments. The carbon storage capacity of mangroves and sediments has been estimated to be several times greater than that of terrestrial forests.

Mangrove absorbs more cabon than terrestrial forests

BACKGROUND

Regioal Scale: Historical Timeline - Coney Island and Punggol . Island and Punggol area have Coney undergone transformation together.

Site Scale: Coney Island Development Land reclamation works were carried out from 1975 to the 1990s.

The island was developed for entertainment purposes.

Developed only for Recreational Use

Land Reclamation (1990s) 1945

1975

1983

1993

In 1950, a businessman bought the island to turn into a resort like Coney Island, New York. However, the plan abandoned.

2021

The island was once owned by famous siblings who built the beach.

In the 1990s, in parallel with the implementation of the "Punggol 21" project, reclamation work resumed; in 2015, Coney Island opened as a public park.

The government began reclamation work in 1975, but there has been no activity or development since then.

Water Area

1945

Present

1983

Beach

A

A

Coney Island

Mangrove Restoration Area

B

B

C

Coastline and Mangrove

Land Use and Development Plan

Casuarina Tree Forest

C

Fishing Village Port

Fish Farms, Pig Farms

Fish Farms, Pig Farms

Fishing Port

Fishing Port

Vegetable Farms

Vegetable Farms Residential Area

Fishing Farms Fishing Port

Residential Area Punggol 21

Park, Reservoir Residential Area Punggol 21+

Mangroves Total

12 22

ha

Mangroves

ha

Total

(Estimated value from map)

12 62

ha

Mangroves

ha

Total

(Park 81ha)

8

133

ha ha

Punggol Digital Distirct

Country Scale: Mangrove Forest and Land Reclamation In this proposal, Coney Island was selected as the target site and Selector Island as the potential site to maximize mangrove based on three criteria:

1) former mangrove site 2) reclaimed island

3) reclamation for recreational purposes.

Legend Tidal Gates Water Conected with Ocean Directly Water Network

Current Mangrove Area

Previous Mangrove Area Previous Singapore

Land Reclamation Purpose Housing, Roads, Parks and Industries Industries Port

Recreation Airport Landbank

NATUTAL SYSTEM: ENHANCE RESILIENCE Proposed Concept: Resilience Island

Detail Design: Tetora POT

In addition to sea level rise, resilience will be increased to protect the Punggol area and the interior of the island by preventing inland flooding with reservoir wetlands and windbreaks with inland forests.

ISLAND SECTION DIAGRAM Punggol Area

TetraPOT is a sea defence system. Distribute it along coastlines will interlock to create a long-lasting sea defence of growing trees and roots that help keep the blocks in place. The roots will intertwine and gradually become a natural sea defence. It was designed by Sheng-Hung Lee in 2016.

Tetorapot

Serangoon Reservoir

Coney Island

WINDBREAK

INLAND FLOODING

Ocean

FLOODING RISING SEA LEVEL

×

Mangrove

1500mm

RESIDENTIAL GREENERY

WETLAND

WETLAND

RESIDENTIAL GREENERY

MIXED FOREST

FRESH WATER RESIDENTIAL AREA PUNGGOL DIGITAL DISTRICT

RESERVOIR

MANGROVE BRACKISH WATER

OBS CAMPUS RESIDENTIAL AREA

MAIN ROAD

PARK

COASTAL MARSH BACK MANGROVE BEACH

Install

SALT WATER OCEAN

3 weeks

6 month

14 month

1500mm

1500mm

Issue and Solution: Rising Sea Level

The Singapore Climate Research Centre predicts that average daily temperatures in Singapore will rise by 1.4° C to 4.6° C towards the end of the century, heavy rainfall will become more intense and frequent, and average sea level will rise by up to one meter by 2100.

CURRENT

FUTURE(2100): PROPOSAL

Sea level rise is expected to affect the areas below 3 meters in elevation in the Coney Island and Punggol areas. Also, the ocean side is basically monotonous with beaches and casuarina forest.

As a solution, I propose to plant mangrove trees, fill the inland areas with excavated soil, and install TetoraPOTs and sea walls to protect the beach. For the inland areas, more diverse trees will be planted after filling to increase biodiversity.

Diversified Forests

Mangroves

Monoculture Casuarina Forest

TetoraPOT Sea Wall

Beach

A Above 3m

Dig and Fill

Above 3m 2.163m(MHWS) -0.237m (MLWS)

HUMAN SYSTEM: EDUACTION AND RECREATION Proposed Zoning: 7 Types of Mangrove Experiences

For zoning, I planned seven types of the mangrove zone, integrating them with the new plans of punggol digital district and Outward Bound Singapore and the existing community. From north to south, these are the Recreation Zone, Test Site, North Nursery, Restoration Area, South Nursery, Planting Zone, and Adventure Zone.

Relationship with surroundings

Mangrove

Detail Design: Floating Deck

In the Nursery area, there will be a floating deck that uses a pontoon system. The floating decks will be combined in a grit-like configuration to provide zoning for each mangrove species. The advantage of the floating deck is that the layout plan can be easily changed according to the nursery plan and the tide level can be experienced.

Zoning

SELECTION OF LONG-LASTING DECKING INTEGRATED TRACK WITH ADJUSTABLE POSITIONING OF CLEATS AND ACCESSORIES

View

Coney Island Entrance

Recreation Zone

Recreation Area Park Visitor Center

Research Center

Test Site

Punggol Digital District

North Nursery

EASY-ACCESS TROUGH

Punggol Digital Distirct

Test Site

HEAVY-DUTY FLOAT-FLANGE ATTACHMENT

Test Site(Beach) RUBBER CONNECTOR

North Nursery Main Facility, Community Hab, Learning Hab, Research Lab

SIT Campus Facility

INTERNAL ANCHOR ATTACHMENT

DECKING Existing Patch

Existing Mangrove Patch

Restoration Area

GUARDRAIL Restoration Area

South Nursery Outward Bound Singapore

South Nursery

Planting Zone Landing Point

TYPICAL ALUMINIUM CANGWAY

Community Center

Planting Zone

OBS Main Campus Zone

Adventure Zone

Adventure Zone (FOREST)

New Opportunity: Punggol Digital District and OBS Singapore

Water Activity Zone

Along with the development of the Punggol area, Coney Island itself is beginning to be developed for purposes other than entertainment, such as the construction of a residential area.

NEW LARGE PLANS

Punggol Digital District SITʼscampus and JTCʼs Business Park spaces

are planned in the small district. The integration between industry and academia will facilitate the cross-fertilization of ideas and encourage collaboration on new technologies.

Outward Bound Singapore OBS campus is planned for the south side of the

New Main Route and MRT Station Punggol Digital District and SIT Campus Residential Area Outward Bound Singapore Campus Park and Water Network

island.It was earlier announced that OBS will be made compulsory for Secondary 3 students at a new Coney Island campus.

ALUMINUM APRON

Adventure Zone

URA Master Plan

ALUMINIUM ROLLER DECK PLATE TYPICAL MAIN WALKWAY

Proposed Zoning: Circulation Plan

The circulation plan was designed according to the surrounding land use and user type.

Legend

Main

Resident Park Visitor

SIT students and Reseracher OBS Visitor Canoeists

NORTH AREA

Legend

4

Mangrove Area

A B C D

Recreation Zone Test Site North Nursery Restration Area

1

A

E South Nursery F Planting Zone G Adventure Zone

A 1

2

B

3

3

B

2

CENTER AREA

O

C

Zoning Information A Entrance Field B

Research Center

6

K OBS Campus

L Waterfront Square

C SIT Campus Zone

M Water Sports Area

E

O Beach Area A P Beach Area B

D Community Plaza F

Forest

Residential Zone

Q Beach Area C

I Observatory and Camp J Accomodation Zone

S Beach Area D T Beach Area E

P

5 7

10

D

32

8

11 9

N Adventure Zone

G Wetland

H Community Center

C

D

E F

4

Existing Patch

33

SOUTH AREA

Q

5

R Landing Point

E 34

F

R

S

35

Facility List

F

Facilities utilizing existing

1 North Park Visitor Center

19 Parking Area for OBS Campus Visitors

2 North Parking Area

20 OBS Main Campus

3 Seaside Research Facility

21 OBS Gym

4 West Promenade

22 OBS Pool

5

23 Canoe Landing Point

SIT Coney Isaland Main Facility

6 SIT Learning Hab

24 Canoe Warehouse

7 SIT Community Hab

25

8 SIT Reserach Lab A Tower

26 Wakesurfing Pool

9 SIT Researcb Lab B Tower

27 Rest House

Boat Warehouse

10 Wooden Deck Square

28 Adventure zone operation facility

11 Riverside Promenade

29 Serangoon Tidal Gates

12 Community and Visitor Center

30 Shower Room

13 West Parking Area

31 East Promenade

14 Observatory Spot

32

15 Camping Site

33 Infinite Loop

16 Cotage

34 Observation House

17 Common Facilities for Cotage Guests

35 South Nursery Center

18 Common Facilities for Campers

36 Old Coney Isaland Signage

Observation House

6

14

G

I 15

16

12 13

F

H

18

J

17 19

17 30

20

8

K

T

G

21

7

L

22

28 24

M 23

25

26

Serangoon Reservoir

27

N

9 31

29

0 25 50

100

200(m)

MASTER PLAN

NORTE AREA Across Singapore

1. Develop New Technology 2. Divsersify Mangrove Species

Recreational Area:

Coney Island Entrance

The Entrance of the Island

Punggol Digital District

Test Site: Beach and Mangrove North Nursery

PUNGGOL DIGITAL DISTRICT PARTNER LIST

For Local Community and SIT 1. Create Opportunities to play with mangrove 2. Increase opportunities for research on oceans, brackish waters, and mangroves

1 Recreational Area: Entrance of the Smart Island

2 Test Site: Beach Area A

3 Test Site: Mangrove

North Park Visitor Center Autonomous Bus

Tetora POT

Bicycle Rental

Inflatable Pool Ball

Create SIT Coney Isaland Campus Zone

Facility Building List

Coney Isaland Main Facility Learning Hab Reserach Lab A Tower Community Hab Researcb Lab B Tower

Smart Island Eco Building Autonomous Bus

Outdoor Cleaning Robot

At the entrance area with a great view, visitors can directly interact with the mangroves.

As a smart island, self-driving buses and ecological buildings will also be installed..

CENTER AREA Existing Mangrove Patch Mangrove Nursery

Punggol Digital District

Outward Bound Singapore NORTH NURSERY SPECIES LIST

6

Restoration Area: The Origin of the Island

For Coney Island 1. Enrich Mangrove Ecosystem 2. Increase Biodiversity

Lumnitzera racemosa

Ceriops zippeliana

Xylocarpus moluccensis

Dolichandrone spathacea

Avicennia marina

Bruguiera sexangula

Brownlowia tersa

Heritiera littoralis

Aegiceras corniculatum

Pemphis acidula

Sonneratia caseolaris

Sonneratia ovata

Rhizophora mucronata

Common Species

Avicennia alba

Acrostichum aureum

Avicennia rumphiana

Bruguiera cylindrica

Acrostichum speciosum

Rhizophora apiculata

Bruguiera gymnorhiza

Rhizophora stylosa

OBS Campus Facility

Common Facilities for Campers

Outplanting

Floating Deck

Bruguiera hainesii

Sonneratia alba

Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea

Xylocarpus granatum

Acanthus ebracteatus

Acanthus volubilis

Ceriops tagal

Nypa fruticans

The Infinite Loop, which circles the restoration area at an elevation of 3 meters, makes a strong impression on visitors as it protrudes into the sea. The restoration area will be restricted to access from the sea to prevent negative environmental impacts from humans.

Planting Zone

7 Adventure Zone

8 Seminor Room

The nursery receives visitors from other countries to learn about mangroves. The layout can be easily changed by the floating deck.

On the north side, it connects to the Infinite Loop.

9 Water Activity Zone

Across Singapore

1. Educate people about mangrove ecosystems

Punggol Area

For Local Community and OBS 1. Expanding the scope of education 2. Provide a unique experience with mangroves

Some facilities will be open to the public.

Accommodaiton and Camp Adventure and Planting Cotage Camp Site Common Facilities for Cotage Guests

Raise Seedlings

Vulernable Species

6

South Nursery: Common Species, Education (Observation) Planting Zone: Education(Experimental Learning) Adventure Zone: Education(Experimental Learning), Recreation

Germinate

Restoration Area

Brownlowia argentata

NORTE AREA Outward Bound Singapore

Infinite Loop

Extinct Species

Lumnitzera littorea

Avicennia Acanthus ilicifolius officinalis

NURSERY PROCESS

1. Diversify Mangrove Species 2. Increase Mangrove Species

Rare Species

Experiments and mangrove monitoring will be conducted..

9 South Nursery

Across Singapore

North Nursery: Rare Species, Research South Nursery: Common Species, Education (Observation)

SOUTH NURSERY SPECIES LIST

Infinite Loop

Researchers will demonstrates TetraPOT fly drones along with children playing.

Parking Area Adventure zone operation facility Shower Room

Main Campus Parking Area Main Facility Gym

Water Activity

Rest House Pool Canoe Warehouse Boat Warehouse Canoe Landing Point Wakesurfing Pool

Connect with Punggol

Students will plant seedlings grown in the south nursery.

Visitors can play in the mud and climb trees in the forest.

The seminar room held lectures is open to the public.

The water activity zone is crowded with OBS visitors and canoeists from Punggol Waterway every weekend.

Aʼ

Intersection Area

A

02

Regeneration of the Vernacular Water Landscape in Jakarta Location: West Jakarta, Indonesia individual/Group Work: Individual Date, Carried Out: Airpril 24, 2020

Level of the Project: 2nd Smester Studio Work, 2020 Superviser: Ervine Lin akilse@nus.edu.sg, Kenya Endo akike@nus.edu.sg

In Jakarta, hrough rapid urban development, the industrial transformation and the change in lifestyle create a distance between people and water. At the same time, the change of land use and complex roads covered by asphalt weaken the presence of water from the topography. As a result, water culture has been altered to be a frustrating issue. Additionally, the current water management ways cause social and environmental problems while keeping the water away from humans.

This proposal proposes a floodable park and new types of agricultural communities, based on an analysis of land use change using aerial photographs and interview surveys on site. Both programs would create opportunities to appreciate water in life while managing flooding. In addition, in the intersection area, all people, including who belongs to different types of communities, could build an interactive relationship between themselves. That would enhance the sustainability and resilience on the site.

CONCEPT Floodable Park and Agricultural Communities A Floodable park and new types of agricultural communities are proposed with new water flow.

Kampong Relocation Area

Other Residential Area

Reservoiur

Intersection Area

Gated Community Area

Farm Pond

Rain Garden Paddy Field Wetland Treatment Pond

Floodable Park

Sustainable and Resilience

BACKGROUND Neighbourhood Scale: Transition of Greenery and Water From the previous satellite maps, I analyzed the transistion of greenery and water on the site. Continuous housingdevelopment has eliminated the rich greenery and create distance from water.

2004 ・Mosaic of land cover

2010 ・River Normalization (West) ・Residential Development

Site Scale: Mix of Disparate Communities Stayed in Jakarta from February 1~7, 2020 and conducted a site survey with students of the University of Indonesia. From the field survey and land use analysis, it was found that there are three types of people living around the site: kampong residents who do not have land ownership, conventional people who have land ownership, and new gated communities.

The river has been expanded and the seawall concreted after the forced eviction of kampongs along the river. The river has not been able to cope with floods and the water quality is quite poor.

Catalya 157 Units

Gate

Casa Jardin Olive

Bromelia 150~250 Units

Nicolaia 182 Units

Dianella 152 Units

Evodia 96 Units

Anthurium 206 Units

Casa Jardin Residence Fitonia 182 Units Gladiota 142 Units

Land Use and Human Circulation Map

2012 ・Loss of Paddy Field

・Residential development

2018 ・River Normalization (North) ・Creation of New Greenery

City Scale: Natural Metabolism and Flooding

Due to frequency, people perceived floods in the delta areas as natural and normal. Primary industries such as agriculture and fisheries, were operated based on natural cycles including floods.

1. Rivers carry volumes of water containing heavy silt by fast streams.

Feared and Appreciated Water Accepted the Risk of Flooding

2. Water flows slower due to a significant decrease of inclination.

Main Flow Gated Community Flow Residence Route Kampong Flow Other Route

City Scale: Transition of Water Management System Colonial Era: Canal System

Challenged controlling flood while actively utilizing water

Water was used for irrigating farmlands in the lush delta region. The river was diverted through a network of irrigation channels, spilling into the agriculture area.

Paddy Fields and Aerable Lands

3. Rivers outlets are silted due to the speed of water flow. High tide also reduces the flow.

Primary Industries

From the interview research, we learned about the complexities of land ownership and how the area used to be a rice-fields landscape.

Gated Community Kampong Other Residential Industries Administration Others

Jakarta

Java Sea

Natural Metabolism (Flooding Cycle)

After Independence: River Normalization To cope with the rapidly increasing floods, River Bank Normalization is being implemented by expanding roads and rivers. This method has not been able to cope with the floods and has caused eviction problems for the residents of kampongs along the river.

Keep the water away from humans

High Density City

STRATEGY

Parking Space (motorcycle) and Garbage Dump A’

Paddy Field

From the satellite map, I extracted the previous paddy field pattern and used it for the master plan to rekindle historical connection. The pattern color suggests the subtle height difference and possibility of flood.

Land use

C’

Community Plaza with Garden

Morning market is opened on the weekend. Food vendors are gathering.

Public Sanitary

Plot

Riverside Terrace

A

Pocket Park

Canoe Deck Purification Pond

Primary Sedimentation Tank

This terrace is close to the water surface.

Promnade

Fish Pond Wetland Paddy Field Agricultural Field Orchard Lawn Residential Others

Rain Garden

Secondary Tank

Final Tank

Work Hut

Edible Garden

Zoning

Play Field

Wash Space and Dry Field

Land Use

Area

Market Square Factory workers come to buy lunch from the opposite bank.

Riverside Walk

Paddy Field

Riverside Board

Restaurant and Shop

Residents consume the agricultural product loccally at the restraunt and the shop.

Gated Community Other Reidential Kampong Park

Riverside Terrace Canoe Deck

Farm Pond The pond serves as a boundary.

Innundation Innundation (flooding) Non Innundation Kampong Other Residential Gated Community Public

Stepping Stones Farm Pond

Gate Management Office

Water Flow

Paddy Field C

Water Flow

Farm Pond

Main Waterway Sub Waterway

Orchard Waterway

B’

The waterway serves as a boundary.

Reservoir Farm Pond Maturation Pond

Community Center Rest Area and Work Hut

Topography

Farm Pond

Elevation(m)

3.0 ~ 3.9 Non-Innundation 2.0 ~ 2.9 Area

All types of residents interact with each other. A Harvest festival and the wedding ceremonies are held on the front lawn.

Park Center

Fish Pond

This building serves as a local information center and rest area.

B

1.0 ~ 1.9 Innundation Area (Flooding) 0 ~ 0.9 -1.0 ~ -0.1 Innundation Area -2.0 ~ -1.1 (Usual) ~ -2.1

Paddy Field

Line of Trees Along the main street of the gated community, trees, including the exsiting ones, are lined up.

Wetland

Park Pavillion

Community Park

People can learn about the history of the site and the natural environment and flooding.

This is a park for residents of the gated communities.

Farm Pond

0

Satellite Map 2004

Intersection Area Section Vegetable Field (Gated Community)

10

20

50 (m)

Intersection Area Plan

Farm Pond

Orchard

Community Center

Edible Garden

Promenade

Treatment Pond

Play Field

URBAN AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY

URBAN FLODABLE PARK The floodable park area, where the existing river has been expanded and the seawall has been naturalized, functions as a place for relaxation and getting close to the water in daily life. Also, the park would serve as flood control reservoir. That would enhance the resilience on the site.

Through the agricultural process, all types of residents could appreciate nature and water. Additionally, that would promote sustainability by local consumption of what is produced locally. Futhermore, that would enhance the life of kampong residents generating a stable income and improving the living environment with the creation and arrangement of open spaces.

Appreciate Nature and Water Cultivate

Observe and Touch Nature

Appreciate Nature and Water

Promote Sustainability

Harvest

×

Enhance Flood Resilience

Consume

Enjoy Sports and Exercise

Communicate

Feel Refreshed

Process

Blessings of nature and Care

Place to be at Peace with Water

Eat

Orchard inheriting the memories

Sell

Growth Cycle and Harvest Calendor Rambutan

Salak

Jeruk Bali

Kesemek

Melon

Mango

Durian

Banana

Orange

Fruit

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Planting

Vegetable

Dec

yearAround around Year

Enhance Flood Resilience

Fist Crop Second Crop Third Crop

Paddy Field Mid Season

Harvest

Chili

Cabbage

Tomato

Red Onion

Chinese Cabbage

Carrot

Onion

Soy Bean

Bayam

Coriander

Paprica

Cassava

Corn

Ginger

Cucumbers Bean Petai

Sweet Potato Zucchini

Mustard Green

Peanuts

Kampong Relocation Area Section Kitchen Garden

Outside Kitchen

Wash Space and Dry Field

Urban Floodable Park Section Paddy Field

Wetland

Lawn Field

A A’

B

B’

TABLE OF CONTENTS NWU THESIS PROJECT

03 04

Urban Revitalization Plan of Sakai Harbor Urban Revitalization Plan of Sakai Based on the Moat System

For thesis projects at Nara Womenʼ s, I made regeneration plans for Sakai, one of Japanʼ s largest historical ports, where I was born and raised. While Sakai has cultural assets as a historical city, it is becoming a bedroom community for the neighboring city of Osaka, and its presence is waning.

To be specific, my undergraduate graduation project focused on the old port, which is the origin of Sakai, and my master's design proposed a revitalization plan for the old city center area based on the regeneration of the moat system.

These projects started from my awareness about the problem of the separation between the sea and the city in the historical port city. In the research process, I realized how the city had originally been developed based on natural features, including the sea. In the designing process, I acquired the ability to design landscapes that integrate nature and urban infrastructure. I became convinced that urban regeneration fusing environmental and urban elements in harmony will lead to sustainable development, and pursuing this is my life mission.

Nov/19/16 Kyoto Landscape Design Exibitiion

03

Urban Revitalization Plan of Sakai Harbor

CONCEPT Present

Location: Sakai, Osaka, Japan individual/Group Work: Individual Date, Carried Out: February 11, 2016

Level of the Project: Bachelor Diploma Work, year around, 2015-16 Superviser: Prof. Shunsaku Miyagi, miyagi@placemedia.net

This is my Bachelorʼ s thesis project to regenerate the waterfront area in Sakai, my hometown.

I made a plan to combine Ohama Park with the Hanshin Expressway and proposed the Ohama Highway Oasis, an expressway rest area which people can access from not only the expressway but also local roads. It consists of two main buildings which provide basic services for drivers and passengers and play a role toconnect visitors with local people. I also designed the beach to redefine the relationship between the sea and people and a small mountain to avoid Tsunami in this area. Moreover, I proposed to transport Sakai Fish Market to the site facing the harbor.

The idea was to integrate all elements in this waterfront so the harbor can flourish again.

【Highway×Park×Harbor】 Separated

E x p res s wa y

Separated P a rk

H a rb or

I NT E G R A T E

Redefine the relationship between the sea and people

Past and Present

Analysis

In . ancient times, Sakai Port was one of the most famous and vibrant ports in Japan. The waterfront of Sakai had been famous as a resort spot until the Second World War. However, as the coastline was developed during the post-war period of high economic growth, the landscape completely changed. The beautiful beach has been lost. Instead of that, many factories and the Hanshin expressway have been constructed on the landfill sites along the harbor. People are separated from the sea by these factors.

1948

1964

1 9 85

At present, this area is still geographically important as a gateway to Sakai, although it has the following problems: The land is used as a residential, commerce, and industrial area. The traffic line plan is problematic. Also, this area can easily be damaged by a tsunami because of its low altitude.

2007

HAZARD

Tsunami Inundation Depth 2.0m or greater 1.5~2.0m 1.0~1.5m 0.5~1.0m 0.5m or lesser

MOBILITY

Traffic Problem Main Car Route

The area is famous as a resort spot with

a beautiful sandy beach

PAST

Factories

The Hanshin Expressway

on landfill sites

along the harbor

started to be built

was constructed

The park and harbor

were separated by the

expressway and the roads

LAND USE

Living with the Sea

Residencial Area

Commercial Area Industrial Area

Distance to the sea by highway and Risk from Tsunami

PRESENT

GEOGRAPHY

Ohama Park Sea, River

the Hanshin Expressway Sta Sakai

Beach and the Hanshin Expressway I designed an urban beach under the Hanshin Expressway by referring to the ancient landform. I also highlighted stone walls of the fort.

The Ohama Park was used as a fort in the Edo Period.

Stone Walls of Fort Hanshin Expressway Elevator Exist

Harbor I planed to move the Sakai Fish Market to the idle city-owned site facing the harbor. In addition, I renovated waterside decks.

H.H.W.L TP 3.90m TP 0.90m H.W.L TP 0.98m M.S.L TP-0.22m L.W.L TP-0.88m

Hanshin Expressway

Prefectural Route 29

Elevator Exist

Hanshin Expressway Stone Walls of Fort

Urban Beach

A

H.H.W.L TP 3.90m H.W.L TP 0.98m L.W.L TP -0.88m

Main Complex Main Complex

Elevator

Hanshin Expressway slope:10％

Accessible Parking

Motarcoach Parking

5 lots

22 lots

Local Road slope:12％

Carry-in Entrance

Smart Interchange

Hanshin Expressway General Parking 210 lots

slope:12％

Control Center

When Tsunami attacks,

Mt. Sotetsu Open Grassland

Mixed Forest

It is an artificial hill with a low altitude.

I designed by referring to

residents avoid.

Residential Area

the present landform.

Motarcoach Parking

General Parking

A’

Hanshin Expressway ↑Osaka, Kobe

Osaka Bay

12

National Route 26 ↑Osaka 2

4 8

Tategawa River 11

L.W.L TP -0.88m

10

H.W.L TP 0.98m H.H.W.L TP 3.90m

Master Plan 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Highway Oasis Ohama Main Complex Highway Oasis Ohama Elevator Sakai Fish Market Beach Pine Forest Mixed Forest Stone Walls of Fort Moat of Fort Mt. Sotetsu

Community Square Open Grassland Seaside Square Parking lots Promnade Old Sakai Lighthouse

9

1

1

3

Nankai Electric Railway Sta. Sakai

2

National Route 26 →Sakai

6 1 10 5 7 2

3

Hanshin Expressway ↓Kansai International Airport, Wakayama

Prefectural Route 34 ↓Sayama

50m

Highway Oasis Ohama Main Complex People can enjoy local foods at the restaurant on the first floor and appreciate local arts at the city gallery on the second floor. Visitors from other cities can interact with the locals under the big roof. Also, there is a park office which helps people commune with nature.

Restaurant

City Gallery

Sakai Fish Market I planned the relocation of the Sakai fish Market, an aging local market, from the site a bit far from the harbor to the city-owned vacant land facing the harbor.

On the first floor, both local people and tourists buy fresh fish, and they can enjoy fish dishes, such as Sushi and Tempura, in the food court on the second floor.

In addition, people can enjoy Ouo Yoichi, an annual festival to play for a good catch of fish held on July 31, on the lawn field where they can view the sea.

Highway Oasis Ohama Main Complex It consists of basic services of a rest area, such as an information center, large toilets, a small shop and a cafe.

This glass building also serves as a good approach to connect the ground with the underground car parking through the small outdoor stage and facing the grand staircase where natural light comes in. The atrium gives visitors a strong impression.

Field

Food Court

Stage Fish Market Parking

Yamatogawa River

Osaka Bay

Sakai Sta. Bachelor Diploma Site

Old Sakai City Area

Tomb of Emperor Nintoku (Daisen Kofun)

04

Urban Revitalization Plan of Sakai Based on the Moat System

CONCEPT

Sustainable and Resilient Sakai City Harbor/Industry

Location: Sakai, Osaka, Japan individual/Group Work: Individual Date, Carried Out: July 6, 2018

Level of the Project: Master Thesis, year around, 2017-18 Superviser: Prof. Tetuso Nemoto, nemoto@cc.nara-wu.ac.jp

This is my master's thesis project to propose the master plan for the old city area in Sakai. I challenged the larger-scale project based on the same concept for my bachelor's thesis project.

With the elabroate research, I regenerated the moat system serving as an important structure to connect urban and ecological layers. I contrasted the east moat are with the west moat are from the difference of transition and character.

I also focused on public elementary schools of the society along the western and eastern moats because elementary schools play a significant role in our society. I proposed the combining of school facilities with the elements of the surrounding environment to public elementary schools.

Overall, I believe that urban regeneration through the fusing of environmental and urban elements in harmony will lead to sustainable development and strengthen the resilience of the city.

Residential Patern

adaptivity Recreation

Water and Sewage

Education

Traditional Industry

resiliency Soil and WaterQuality Ecosystem

Energy

robustness Transportation

BASED ON THE MOAT SYSTEM

Histrorical Analysis In the Middle Ages, Sakai prospered as an international port and a self-governing city. The moats, which surrounded the city from north, east and south sides, were used for the protection and drainage. In 1615, the city was damaged by the summer siege of Osaka and the moats were buried once.

After that, the city became a region under the Edo Shogunate's direct control, and the Genna Town Planning decided to expand city area and readjust section of the land. The moats were dug again and used for drainage although the shape and location were changed. During the Edo Era, Sakai still prospered as a city of commerce and industry after starting national isolation. In the 18th century, the sediments deposited on the harbor because of the artificial movement of the Yamato River. So, the wide moat was added on the west and was used as a canal. At the present time, the north and east moats were buried to construct an expressway.

1939~45 World War Ⅱ

1615 Summer Siege of Osaka

→1946 Second Urban Planning

→1618 First Urban Planning

WWⅡ Damage Revival Planning

The Genna Town Planning Medieval Japan

Early Modern Japan

Modern Japan

1700

1600 1603

Prospered as an international port and a self-governing city

1800

15~1600

1692

1735

1945

2000

The city was well developed and crowded

source: Sakai City Map published in 1922

source: Sakai City Library Digital Archive Yamato River

Contemporary Japan

1900

Along with the development of trains, the Urban area gradually expanded

Prospered as a a city of commerce and industry under the Edo Shogunateʼ s direct control

source: Sakai City Museum Report the 31st issue

1868

1798

1922

source: Sakai City Map

2017

Temple, Shrine

Archaeological Section

Used as A Canal

Expanded Urban Area Moat City

West

Moat

Outside

East

This area protected the inner city from water

Present Surface 1.5m Casting Producation Wastes

Used for agriculture and drainage Source: The History of Sakai City

Soil was naturally deposited

Used as Gabage Hole 0

2(m)

Temple

Farm House

Drying Doi Mound Ground

Mid Doi Farm Mound

Doi River Source: The History of Sakai City

The grid patern was used to arrange the land use and expand the city.

The framework for the city was estabilished with new moats.

Aqueduct

Source: The History of Sakai City

source: Sakai City Library Digital Archive

The streets were enlarged for cars.

It damaged local communities.

Analysis-Nature

Risk of Flood and Tsunami

The west and south sides of the moat still remain as the Uchikawa River and the Doigawa River, although the north and east parts of the moat were buried when the Hanshin Expressway was constructed in the 1970s.

the Yamatogawa River Flood would cause damage to the northern part of the city. Inundation inside the levee would do damage to the east moat area, originally back marsh. A tsunami might damage further west from the Osyoji Street, the south-north main street.

Yamatogawa River Flood

Inundation Inside the Levee

Inundation Depth

Uchikawa River System Catchment Area: 7.18km2 (Direct Inflow:3.80km2, Flood Flow:3.38km2)

Inundation Depth

5.0m or greater 3.0 - 5.0m 0.5 - 3.0m 0.5m or less

MO

AT

SEA

CIT

YA

Tsunami Inundation Depth

1.0m or greater 0.60 - 1.00m 0.30 - 0.60m 0.15 - 0.30m 0.05 - 0.15m

2.0 - 3.0m 1.0 - 2.0m 0.3 - 1.0m 0.3m or less Mandatory Evacuation

RE

AN

DR

A

Tidal River Dynamics

IVE

R

The Uchikawa River and the Doigawa river are tidal riveres whose flow and level are influenced by tides.

Tide Chart for Sakai Harbor (year) Tide Height (m) (Tokyo Peil= 0m) 2.0

UR

BA

1.5

NG

RE

EN

SP

1.0

AC

ES

0.5 0 -0.5

CU

RR

EN

TC

Jan

Feb

Mar

Air

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

(month)

Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

ON

TEX

T

Transforming the concrete river into a naturalized river will enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services which make the city more resilient and sustainable.

The estimation of enhancing biodiversity

CL

May

AS LAND SIF FO ICA RM TIO N

Urban

Moat

Sea

Analysis-Human

Public Elemtentary School and Local Community

I researched not only nature but also urban layers.

I decided to focus on elementary schools in the old city area along with the east and west moats based on the research, and planned to open the schools combining facilities in the schools with other elements of the surrounding environment.

In Japan, a public elementary school is well conected with local community.

An Elementary schools is also important as a place to interact with others and a shelther when a natural disaster strikes.

The Role of a Public Elementary School

Elementary Schools in the Moat City Area West

East

Kinsai : 315 Ichi : 335 Eisyo : 551

Nishiki : 315 Yuya : 335 Syorinji : 551

Education In Japan, 98％ of childs attends public elementary schools.

There are each three public elementary schools along with the east and west moats.

(School: The number of Students)

MO

AT

PU

BL

IC

CIT

YA

Development

Community

Information

Shelter

The Core of Local Community

Become more interactive with others

Be used as a shelter whena natural disastr strikes

RE

A

ELE

ME N SC TAR HO Y OL

Along with the new moats, the programmes of public schools associated with surroundings would improve quality of life while creating new types of education programmes.

Traditional Culture and Industry

In the old city area, there are many unique traditional industries and culture, which we should carry on to the next generation.

The List of Traditional Culture and Industry in Sakai

TR

AD I INDTION US AL TR Y

TR

AN

SP

OR

How to Open Elementary Schools

TA

TIO

N

I proposed to open elementary schools combining facilities in a school with the elements of the surrounding environment.

Perspective Tourism Local Community

LLA

ND

US

Culture

E

Traditional Industry Disaster Prevention Transportation Ecology

ex) Facilities for The Surrounding Environments Hands-on Facility Museum Rest Area Library Information Center Nature Learning Center

ex) Facilities in A School Fine Arts Room Pavilion Audio-visual Room Library

Sports Center

Science Room

Boarding Point

Gym

Shelter Retarding Basin Rain Garden

Ground Other Open spaces

Produce New Types of Education

Eco Education

West Moat Area

Kinsai Elementary School

In the west area, I broadened the existing moat toward the east side referring to the form of the moat of the 18th century when the moat was used as a canal.

Transforming the concrete river into a naturalized river makes the city more resilient and sustainable while producing the place where people can enjoy water activities and communicate.

The school is located in the area where many traditional craftsmen workshops remained.

I proposed to open a fine arts room where students can create various art along the moat with floating wetland gardens providing an interactive learning environment about the ecology of the river. On weekends, workshops for both adults and children that will be held. I also proposed a small exhibition space which helps students keep their motivation up and improve the quality of their work.

MOAT Wetland Gardens

EXHIBIT

Boarding Point

Viewers Enjoy seeing arts

Creative

Motivation Up! Improve the Quality! COMMENT Fine Arts Room

Workshop Learning Carry on the Traditional culture and Industries through Education

Boarding Point

Traditional Industry Area

Kinsai E.S. Park

Main Street, Tram Station

Sakai City Traditional Crafts Museum

Sakai Station Boarding Point

Park

MOAT

Ichi Elementary School

The school is located in front of a principal station.

I proposed to combine the space for the audio-visual room with the library which visitors can also get information about Sakai on the ground floor facing a boarding point. On weekends, the room will be opened to the public and used as a place to communicate and interact.

ACCESSIBILITY

Boarding Point

Interractive

Learn Presentation Skill!

Boarding Point

COMMENT

Audio-Visual Room and Library

Workshop Learning

Ichi E.S. Boarding Point

Visitors Get Information about Sakai

Enhance the love of their hometown through researching and explaining Sakai to the visitors

Zelkova Tree-lined Street Osaka Prefectural Senyo Senior H.S.

Yuya E.S.

Eisyo Nursery

Eisho Elementary School

Eisyo ES

I proposed to have the retarding basin next to the ground of the school, which also serves as an urban void with the ground. When a natural disaster strikes, the basin works to alleviate environmental destruction through strengthening the resilience of nature. The gym located on the slightly higher ground is used as a shelter in a disaster.

Syorinji E.S.

Main Street, Tram Station

Daily

Disaster

Enjoy Outdoor Activities

Protect People and City

Lead people have their healthy lives

Strengthen the resilience of the city

Nanshuji Temple Boarding Point

East Moat Area

Nishiki, Yuya, and Shorinji Elementary Schools

In the east area, I planned to dig the moat again.

In addition, I proposed to change the expressway into the green line because the necessity will be decreased because of the new route. The green belt along with the moat will make the city more resilient and sustainable while producing the place where people can enjoy nature.

The east side of the old city area consists of schools, not only elementary schools but also a high school and a junior high school, many temples, houses, an expressway, and a park , the former site of the moat.

Therefore, I planned to integrate all open spaces in this area, such as gardens of temples and houses, the park with the new moat, the expressway which I proposed to green, and grounds of schools. As a result, the seamless urban green belt will build and strengthen the resilience of the city while serving as a framework for urban planning.

Daily

Ecology

Enjoy Nature

Improve Our Environment

Commune with nature

Strengthen the resilience of the city

Boarding Point

Traditional Industry Area

Kinsai E.S. Park

Main Street, Tram Station

Nishiki E.S.

Sakai City Traditional Crafts Museum

Sakai Station Boarding Point

Park

Ichi E.S. Boarding Point

ding Point

Zelkova Tree-lined Street

Osaka Prefectural Senyo Senior H.S.

Yuya E.S.

Forest for Biodiversity

Green High Line

Tonobaba JHS

yo Nursery

Science Room

Syorinji E.S.

Street, Station

Lawn Ground Nanshuji Temple

Boarding Point

Stock room of the Futon Daiko for the festival

Stream(Moat)

The Node of Urban Green Belt

strengthen the resilience of the city while serving as a framework for urban planning

TABLE OF CONTENTS At Nara Womenʼ s University, I participated in two idea design competitions, theme were “parks” in Tokyo and NWU THESISwhose PROJECT “gardens” in Kyoto, held by the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture. Working on the projects with my lab members, I was able to enhance my communication skills and landscape design skills.

In addition, through these works, I gained insight into traditional Japanese perspectives, where people do not control but rather accept nature in building a sustainable, resilient society. From this perspective, in the competition about Tokyo, we created a bold vision of the future that would increase urban resilience by blurring and connecting the boundaries of parks, and in the proposal about Kyoto, we designed open spaces within the city as garden-like spaces. These experiences enabled me to acquire the ability to envision the future as well as the ability to design urban spaces realistically.

DESIGN COMPETITION

05 06

An Althernative Vision for Park in 2105 綴

-「まち庭」が綴る京都の景 -

-Community gardens create a new landscape of Kyoto-

Resilience in Ecosystem Resilience in Urban Life Resilience in Industry

Urban Ecotone = Infrastructure

05

An Althernative Vision for Park in 2105

Site Analysis

Shinagawa, an important gateway of Tokyo

Medieval

Early Modern

Post-WWⅡ

Hamamatsucho Station

Location: Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan Level of the Project: Design Competition, first semester, 2015 Individual/Group Work: Group (5 people) Superviser: Prof. Shunsaku Miyagi, miyagi@placemedia.net Date, Carried Out: May 22, 2015 Role in the Process: Concept Making, Drawing As a college senior, I participated in the international design competition for students and young practitioners envisioning future Tokyo both with and without parks. My team members and I won second prize.

We discussed not only parks but all of Tokyoʼ s social systems, and I presented the idea of borderless parks in which every office building and residential house is surrounded by parks and rivers. We imagined the borders of parks disappearing and “parks” becoming an “urban ecotone,” acting as an important infrastructure based on the diverse ecosystem. Forest islands in Tokyo Bay would work as breakwaters and produce biomass energy while vigorously absorbing CO2 emissions. Reopening primary industries and agriculture in the urban ecotone would also contribute to a self-sufficient, harmonious society and a more resilient and sustainable society.

Present

As a site, we selected Shinagawa, which has been a crutial transpotation hub. It consists of the residential areas on the Musashino Plateau and the business and industrial areas on the natural lowlands and reclaimed lands, where there is fear about Tsunami or liquefaction due to an earthquake.

Shinagawa Station

Shinagawa Wharf

Not Liquefaction Possible Liquefaction High Risk Liquefaction

champhor tree

keaki

sakura

Green Belt A Precipice Line

tomato

silver-grass

narrow

clam

crab

Old Tokaido

alga

edible cockle

A Precipice Line

We plan a row of cherry trees between a high ground called “Yamanote” and low-lying called “Hamanote” . At the time of earthquake disaster out of break, people evacuate to a row of cherry trees.

chowder clam

black-tailed

kandelia candel

japanese sea bass

Green Ride

Platform of Green Ride

RESILIENCE IN URBAN LIFE

( Row of cherry blossom trees)

hamabo

goosefoot

conder

alga

goosefoot

common goby

narrow

oyster

Green Breakwater

black pine

gull

Dry Beach

prawn

cuttlefish

holothurian

Sea Fairming

RESILIENCE IN INDUSTRY

RESILIENCE IN ECOSYSTEM

Old Tokaido

laver

Green Breakwater

（Kandelia obovata’s forest）

Green Ride We suppose a “Green Ride”, a hovercraft moving around the ecotone.

It supplies foods from industlial area to the city when Tokyo meet a disaster.

A Kandelia obpvata’s forest resist a water-disaster. Furthemore, Kandelia Obpvata will produce a clean energy for Green Ride.

Sea Fairming

（Laver Culture）

In this area, we propose reopening a primary industry “laver culture”. The result of this product, Tokyo will be autonomy city.

Levitation fan

Green Belt In residental area, we propose ground maintenance.

Various plant will grow at vacant ground, and melt the boundary of the region.

As a result, an ecotone will be formed.

A Research Facility Using a existing university, we plan a base of industry.

Aglicultual Area People can save foods for a disaster. When Tokyo meet a disaster, people can live a self-sufficiency life.

Platform of Green Ride Platform of Green Ride will be build at the site where Shinagawa Station previously stood.

Tokyo monorail

Plan Plot Plan Plot

Process

According to the govrernment of Japan, the probability that a fierce earthquake directly could hit Tokyo in the next 30 years is 70 percent. Therefore, we envisioned the future where the resilient society will be realized in Tokyo with the earthquake as a turning point. The resilient society will be able to deal with any natural disasters well.

Resilience in Urban Life

20XX an Earthquake strikes

Resilience in Industry

Natural Field and Green Belt

We propose to change concrete roads into more natural fields and increase urban greenery areas. That would reduce the amount of runoff and enable people to enjoy nature in daily life.

20XX an Earthquake strikes

Resilience in Ecosystem

Agriculture and Sea farming

Reopening primary industries, such as sea farming and laver culture, and agriculture in urban ecotone would contribute to a self-sufficient society.

20XX an Earthquake strikes

Ecosysetem Services

Growing The Kandelia obovataʼ s forest in the Tokyo Bay, where it would rise in temperature caused by grobal warming, served as the breakwater while becoming a source of biomass energy.

Fishing Boat (laver culture)

Dry Beach Green Ride

Fishery Area

Neutral Field

Restration an ecosystem of Tokyo Waterfront

Various Ecosystem

Halophilous Plants

Urban Ecotone

Kandelia Obovatas Forest

2105 Daily 21XX Disaster

Green Ride (Rescue Operation)

Cherry trees (Precipice Line)

Flexible Ground (Rainfall Infiltration)

Green Ride (Transport of Fish)

Green Ride (Transport of Crops) Reducing damage from storm surges, waves and tides

Residential Area

Plant Factory

Platform of Green Ride

Green Breakwater

As a concrete proposal, we designed community gardens with “Okusei,” a profound Japanese notion about the depth of spaces.

Spaces having “Okusei” enourage people to keep moving forward and search deeper.

06

綴

Borrowing Landscape

-「まち庭」が綴る京都の景 -

-Community gardens create a new landscape of Kyoto-

Site Analysis Park Activities

Location: Kyoto, Japan Level of the Project: Design Competition, first semester, 2018 Individual/Group Work: Group (5 people) Superviser: Prof. Tetuso Nemoto, nemoto@cc.nara-wu.ac.jp Date, Carried Out: May 26, 2018 Role in the Process: Concept Making, Drawing This is a design competition work to create a new landscape enhancing the quality of the city by expoiting the power of gardens in Kyoto. I managed my group as a senior student.

We proposed changing underutilized areas into community gardens, which we defined as a place between a park and a Japanese garden, based on the traditional Japanese perspective on nature. As a concrete proposal, we designed two gardens along the Kamo River using the Japanese garden's design method, such as borrowed landscape and Okusei, a profound notion about the depth of space. They would connect the gardens with the surrounding natural and urban elements. Ultimately, the gardens would create an ecological network which enhances the ecosystem services and accessibility by linking existing gardens and tourist spots, thereby enabling residents and tourists to enjoy nature in the city.

Modern

Garden Appreciation Traditional

Public Control Nature

Kamo River

Private Respect Nature

Community Garden Defined a community garden between a park and a garden, and proposed to change unused open spaces, such as parking and vacant lands, desolate playgrounds into cmmunity gardens.

Imperial Palace Site

Kyoto Sta.

Community Garden Network The network would enhance the ecosystem services and accessibilities in Kyoto.

Misosogi River

Kamo River

Pontocho Street

Kiyamachi Street

Takase River

40

80(m)

The facades along the Pontocho street keep the street sequences with a good view to the river.

Frame and street sequences The architecture which blends into the scenery keeps the north-south street sequences. Open sailing spaces in the center of architecture serve as gateways and frames having vista from east to west.

The Kawadoko and terrace produce the space to rest and enhance the east-west mobility.

The architecture serves as a frame having vista from the Kiyamachi street toward the Kamo River.

Community Garden for the Local and Tourists

Kawadoko We can find lining restaurants and teahouses opening up balconies on the Misosogi River each summer. It’s one of the summer featuers in Kyoto. In the garden, visitors can take a rest here.

Takase River

Keep the Street Sequences

The commercial complex would contribute to managing the garden by the profits.

Other facilities help the local build a good relationship with tourists.

Misosogi River

Kamo River

Atelier Commercial Complex Gallery Information Center Koban(Police Box) Bicycle Parking Area

view Groundwater Recharge through Gravel Roads N 0

10

20

Kawabata-dori St.

Pontocho Street

Kamo River

Community Garden for local people and tourists

３F ２F

Sanjo-ohashi Bridge

The garden which is directly connected to a major station would embrace too many tourists in Kyoto.

The educational programs enhance the quality of local people’s lives.

view

Observation Deck Groundwater Recharge through Gravel Roads Sanjo Station’s Platform

Kamo River Lake Biwa Canal

Satelite Campus Library Cafe Preschool

Visitors can enjoy seeing the river view from the observation deck on the top floor.

Hollow Place and Architecture We designed hollow places and small buildings in the garden as we deigned a traditional Japanese rock garden which uses only white sand and stone configurations. visitors can enjoy appreciating the garden which benefits from the scenery of Mt. Higashi.

Sanjo Station Building The architecture connects the Sanjo Station underground with the street level directly and vertically.

On the top floor, visitors can enjoy seeing both the river view on the west and the garden view on the east.

N 0

10

20

40

80(m)

The local people feel relaxed in the garden which is directly connected to the major station at night.

TABLE OF CONTENTS When I was a senior in college, I participated in an architectural summer held at Koyasan, a world heritage site, NWU workshop THESIS PROJECT organized by the Art and Architect Festa, a non-profit organization. I built a conceptual folly symbolizing the relationships in Koyasan, which exist in perfect harmony with a delicate balance with students from other universities. We won the 1st prize for our work, which was based on a reading of place and incorporated into the design.

The experience of this workshop gave me a taste of the difficulties and enjoyments of the actual process of creating architecture. In addition, I Led my group in analyzing the site and proposing a concept, and coordinated with team members as only one landscape architecture student in the group. Through the experience, I realized how important it is to collaborate with other professions in order to reach the highest level of work.

WORKSHOP

07

天のしるべ

A Signpost to Heaven

07

天のしるべ

Site Analysis

A Signpost to Heaven Location: Koyasan, Wakayama, Japan Level of the Project: Extracurricular Workshop, summer, 2015 Individual/Group Work: Group (6 people) Superviser: Prof. Naoyuki Nagata, rs9n-ngt@asahi-net.or.jp Date, Carried Out: August 31, 2015 Role in the Process: Concept Making, Constructing

We built the folly at the Kongobuji Temple, the head temple of Koyasan Shingon Buddhism. It was first constructed in 1953.

Environment Elements Konpon Daito

As a senior in college, I participated in the Architectural Student Folly Competition held in Koyasan, one of Japan’ s sacred mountains. It was hosted by Art and Architect Festa, a NPO conduct activities to promote the culture of art and architecture. I buit a brief folly in copperation with five different grade members from other universities, and won first place. I led my group by analyzing the site and proposing the concept, and coordinated with team members as only one landscape architecture student. We made this folly along the way to the Miyashiro, a shrine for the local deity, as a signpost. The form of our folly, which wooden frames supported each other in high tension, symbolized all relationships in Koyasan. The relationships between nature and people, the temple town on top of the mountain and the villages at foot of mountains, as well as Shinto and Buddhism - all of these exist in perfect harmony with a delicate state.

Kondo

Konpon Daito Kondo Proposal Site

Sanno-in

Miyashiro

Site Sanno-in Miyashiro

Kongobuji Temple

Koyasan Shingon Sect Main Temple Kongobu-ji.

Jan

Feb

Feb

July

2015 Summer Sep

Aug Research and Discussion

Order Materials and Consider Details

Construction and Presentation

We discussed twice a week via Skype while making models. I contributed to the group by researching and analyzing Koyasan, and made efforts to gain a consensus to build a conceptual folly symbolizing Koyasan.

We discussed the details and provided a work execution plan. We spend two days making wooden frames from cypress woods grown in Koyasan.

We stayed Koyasan from the 25th to the 31st. We spend four days making the frame and examining the construction method, the angle of the frames, and safety at a warehouse. After that, the local helped us carry the frames with a crane. We made a presentation on 30th, and won first place in cooperation with members.

60 mm 180 mm 21

00

Ideology

mm

00

21

mm

Structure Climate

Harmonious Society

We decided to symbolize this place, where all releationships exist in perfect harmony with a delicate state.

We designed a Hourai, a picture to worship for the diety. The mark is a symbol for eternality.

SITE

4 July

First Session and Field Survey

Group Members

This is a signpost to the local diety, which symbolizes all relationship in Koyasan.

It was the first meeting which was held on site. After lectures from the local people and the brief field survey, our group selected this space as the site in the temple.

Frames were not secured and built a sense of tension.

30 August 1, 2 August

Medium Review

Architecture professors commented our presentation, explaining our concept on the first day. We discussed the materials and the building construction method with architects who are working at concstruction companies and our advisers.

Final Review

We made a presentation at the temple for local people and 10 architecture professors. Our folly was valued in terms of the bold and unique construction and the conceptual form, and won first place.

Thank you !