Migrants’ initiative transforms community through technology and Tri-people empowerment
SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION
FARM SUPPORT SCHEME & TRAININGS SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
_________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 PASALI Philippines Foundation FSS-SRI Trainings
Table of Contents Learning Center for System of Rice Intensification ........................................................... 3 Sustainable Development Strategy I: Farm Support Scheme – System of Rice Intensification ...................................................................................................................... 5 Sustainable Development Strategy II: Rice Contract Farming – System of Rice Intensification ...................................................................................................................... 6 Shortlist Trainings.................................................................................................................. 9 Trainings 2005-2011 ............................................................................................................. 9
FACTS & FIGURES
35 5 2
and more out-of-school youth have been trained in Basic Machine Shop work.
11
Tri-people SRI farmers cooperatives ranging between 15 – 45 members practice ecological sustainable System of Rice Intensification (including upland rice production by Indigenous People cooperatives) with more to join this year
4
SRI planting innovations (like the modified dapog, use of banana trunks, sabog in combination with mechanized rotary weeder, and use of styrofoam plates)
4
innovations in SRI production: 1) SRI seed selection using salt and egg as physical method, 2) innovation in combining SRI with the rice check method, 3) innovation in combining SRI with the concept of LEISA, 4) combination of guano and vermicast as main organic fertilizer
200 300 1 HP
are skilled in the installation of Hydraulic Rampumps. modularities for the System of Rice Intensification takes place within PASALI: 1. PASALI Philippine Foundation trains and organizes farmers into cooperatives 2. the Rice Contract Farm works with a business core but exists to see farmers achieve land redemption of their mortgaged land.
and more Moro, settler and Indigenous farmers now practice SRI and more farmers and agriculturists received training in PASALI’s Farm Support Scheme – System of Rice Intensification in 2010 alone. They came from Palimbang and all over Mindanao: Cotabato, Bukidnon, Columbio, Davao and many more. rotary weeder in 2 designs by PASALI specifically for SRI and is light enough to be used by elderly and women.
3 HP rotary weeder of 1 design is made. 6 HP rotary weeder of 1 design is made. 2 manual rotary weeder designs available. 21 motorless water systems since 2009 are installed by PASALI’s Installation crew for upland Tri-People communities (commissioned by local government, private, and NGO) and they still provide clean water. The design of the water system is by partner AIDFI who won the BBC World Challenge 2010 for its hydraulic rampump
FRONT PAGE PICTURE: Upland rice from Biao, Napnapon, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat PASALI Philippine Foundation, February 2011
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“Education is the premise of progress, in every society, in every family.” - Kofi Anan
Center for Field Exchanges and the System of Rice Intensification PASALI Philippine Foundation is a non-profit organization based in Mindanao, Philippines founded by former Filipino migrants in the Netherlands. Their main idea was to bring home not only the hard-earned savings but also technologies and skills learned abroad and invest it in service of local development. It is in intertwining remittance, knowledge transfer, and partnerships with private sector, national government and foreign entities, that migrants can play a tremendous positive role in development, establish food security and develop schemes towards poverty alleviation which can lead to rural development and lasting peace. PASALI’s founding concept is entitled “From Brain Drain to Brain Gain” and has three important elements: 1) contribution to rural and peace development 2) challenge youth to be partner in enterprise and development 3) contribution to the reintegration of migrants in their home place Since technological transfer is at its core, education and trainings are PASALI’s regular activities (page 8-9 list PASALI’s trainings and activities ongoing and completed trainings and activities since 2005). Last year marked a considerable growth in this, as it hosted over 300 farmers and agriculturists from all over Mindanao for training in the System of Rice Intensification; a rice production system with less water, no chemical input, and less costs. The continuous demand for SRI training indicates a great need for a learning center to be placed amid fields of the seasoned SRI practitioners in Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat, Mindanao. This learning center would work to make Palimbang the SRI capital of the province, and accomodate other sustainable agricultural schemes, such as the System of Upland Rice and Corn Intensification for upland communities, the new Sustainable Urban Gardening Scheme (SUGa), facilitate rubber production in the area. Ideally, participants would come in for a few days receive lectures from farmer technicians with power points, an instruction video, banners, discussions in the fields of local SRI practitioners and practicum at the Rice Contract Farm.
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Figure 1: PASALI Farm Technicians monitor the progress of one practitioner
Teaching and Learning Approach As PASALI’s approach is deeply grassroots, so are its teaching methods. SRI trainers are not staff but farmer practicioners turned technicians who have undergone trainers-trainings by expert trainers, teaching and materials are based on input drawn from the life of trainees, focus is given for handling equipments used for production, enstilling the drive for production experimentation and innovations, and everything is centered around actual practice in and on the rice field. PASALI’s methods of training are all centered around the four core values (see figure 1, page 4) with the following points deeply embedded: -
Environmental Sustainability Economic Sustainability & Self-Reliance Conflict Resolution & Peace Building Technological-savyy Communities
Beneficiaries: the Marginalized Farmers With these three goals in mind, PASALI targets the following beneficiaries directly: - The marginalized in rural communities of Mindanao’s conflict areas: Tri-people farmers households (Moro, settler, IP), Indigenous People villages, women, children, and the elderly - Youth: out-of-school and the educated searching for work And indirectly: - Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW) and their families PASALI believes migrants and their families are capable of contributing to structural change. Thus, PASALI consciously attracts members of these families, especially youth and women in service of rural development.
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Sustainable Development Strategy I: Farm Support Scheme – System of Rice Intensification In 2005 PASALI established a Technical Center in Palimbang and began training outof-school youth in mechanical skills (see List Trainings). From this center PASALI identified the issues confronting the Tri-people communities in Palimbang: - food shortage, especially rice - environmental and health hazards of chemical-based conventional rice farming - frequent failures of harvest with conventional methods - the absence of innovation and mechanization - continous lack of funds, victimization of shark loans - the deeply engrained debt-cycle of land mortgaging and tenancy - conflict-ridden area - out-migration of youth to cities and abroad - and the severe marginalization of Indigenous People groups in the area PASALI responded by experimenting with organic rice farming methods – Seeds & Tools, Sustainable Ecological Agriculture (SEA), Low External Inputs for Sustainable Agriculture (LEISA) and System of Rice Intensification (SRI) - farm support elements, and farm implements between 2006 – 2009 in collaboration with local agricultural partners, knowledge from migrants of PASALI Netherlands, and local farmers themselves. The trial plot of SRI in 2006 was manned by two PASALI youth. The farmers who joined then are now expert SRI practitioners and paid off their debts accumulated in the years of conventional rice production. In 2009, PASALI officially made the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) the core of its programs, since SRI trials had less input costs, thus higher profit margins, had the potential of higher yield, returned farmer health, and minimized environmental waste. SRI is based on organic use with “less water, fertile soil, healthier plants, greater root growth and the nurturing of soil microbial abundance and diversity” (CIIFAD). Farm Support Scheme – System of Rice Intensification: Hardware and Software Technologies Out of these initiatives, the FARM SUPPORT SCHEME – SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (FSS-SRI) emerged. FSS-SRI is a multifaceted design with over 12 intervention activities and trainings on interconnected topics: e.g. methods and procedures of SRI, skills development, financial literacy, gender sensitivity, peacebuilding, technical assistance, farm loans and marketing support; all concrete responses to the identified problems of rural communities. FSS-SRI stands on four values (see figure 1, page 6) and divided into two components: the hardware and the software technologies. Hardware technologies are the designs and fabricated appropriate implements (such as the light-weight rotary weeders), water system (the hydraulic rampumps) and food processing equipment (such as the compact cornmill), and constant technological innovation. Software technologies are SRI, and modified for corn, sustainable agriculture applications, development of organic fertilizers, community building, etc. FSS-SRI is one of the two modalities or twin development strategies that PASALI employs and both have support from European and migrants’ support. The European Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst (EED) partners with PASALI from 2009 on for the systematic introduction of SRI in the area. Three farmer technicians were sent to an EED partner in Cambodia, the Centre d'Etude et de Développement Agricole Cambodgien (CEDAC) to learn the methods and procedures of SRI. _________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 PASALI Philippines Foundation FSS-SRI Trainings
Building Communities Now, SRI is being practiced by 7 villages in Palimbang (by the end of the year this will be 13 -16) and 4 Indigenous People villages are added. Practicioners are organized into operational cooperatives with 15-45 members recognized by the Cooperative Development Authority (CDA). IP villages have improved drastically: fformerly suffering from hunger these villages are now food secure, growing their own vegetables, and upland rice and corn organically. FSS-SRI is the concretization of PASALI’s migrant concept From Brain Drain to Brain Gain to reach food security, rural development, and peace, replicable in the entire country, to start with all of Mindanao. Technical Center: Fabrication of Farm Implements, Appropriate Technologies, and Youth In-job training The organized migrant diaspora in Europe, especially PASALI Netherlands and a Dutch partner development agency Cordaid contributed to the development of FSS-SRI, for the set-up of the Technical Center. This center was developed further with input from Tri-people farmers, and it now designs and fabricates manual and mechanized implements for SRI and fishing. Over 35 youth have trained there, and it employs 10 young technicians (see List of Trainings). 21 water systems have been installed by PASALI technical crew – including the winning design by AIDFI of BBC World Challenge 2010, the hydraulic ram pump. Enhancing the Technical Center with a proper research and development unit and capital for fabrication would directly contribute to the practice of SRI. Further enhancement means more youth to receive technical training and employment.
Figure 2:
Building entrepreneur ial, peaceful, and resilient communities
FSS-SRI is Brain Gain From ideas to a concrete development intervention strategy _________________________________________________________________________________________ 6 PASALI Philippines Foundation FSS-SRI Trainings
“The evolution of PASALI’s weeder is illustrative of how the project is being implemented in Palimbang – with lots of experimentation but always with the end-users (or the beneficiaries) in mind and ending with good results.” – Ferdinand Derequito consultant European development agencies
Figure 3: Farmer uses PASALI’s 1 HP rotary weeder
The Evolution of the Rotary Weeder 2005 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 2011
single-row wood (prototype 1) single-row wood with nails as spikes (prototype 2) double and triple row versions (prototype 3-6) mechanized 6 HP engine (prototype 7) mechanized 3 HP engine (prototype 8) mechanized 1 HP engine (prototype 9) mechanized 1 HP engine, fiberglass enhanced, single-row (prototype 10) mechanized 1 HP engine, fiberglass enhanced, multi-row (prototype 11-12)
Sustainable Development Strategy II: Rice Contract Farming – System of Rice Intensification With lack of funds due to armed conflict in the area and harvest failure, and especially to pay the education of their children, farmers in Palimbang mortgage their land to moneylenders on high interest rates. Farmers must till their land for the lender to lend the sum. Unfortunately harvest failures have increased and farmers were unable to pay their debt. The deficit of each cropping is added to the principal. Some farmers mortgaged their land for 75 000 pesos years ago, now owe 300 000 pesos. An estimated 80% of the 81 hectares in Kanipaan, Palimbang alone is mortgaged to three moneylenders (see table 1). Many farmers have given up hope to ever redeem their land. Whatever increase in income the farmer has with SRI goes to the pockets of landowners. Thus, SRI training and application is better for nature and profit, but without land redemption the farmer will hardly see real change. _________________________________________________________________________________________ 7 PASALI Philippines Foundation FSS-SRI Trainings
Table 1: Mortgage statistics Palimbang
No. farmers households No. mortgaged or renting land No. households with no mortgage No. moneylenders lands mortgaged to
91 89 2 3
PASALI actively works to enable farmers redeem their lands. Pasali initiated an experiment in 2007 of Rice Contract Farming under the Overseas Pinoy Development and Investment Group (OPDIG) with support from PASALI Netherlands. Under this scheme, an idle rice farm lands are contracted. OPDIG advanced the inputs of the farmers not in cash but in the form of material inputs such as seeds, fertilizers and pesticides. The OPDIG supplied the right technologies such as application of the right kinds of fertilizer at the right growth stages of the plants. OPDIG supposedly had its technicians to help the farmers in their farming and OPDIG buys the harvest of the farmers. To ensure that the farmers do not sell their harvest to other buyers, OPDIG bought the harvest at 50 centavos per kilo higher than the prevailing market price. This scheme was limited in several ways, due to various factors like high cost of input for hybrid rice, heightened the risks and when OPDIG shifted to organic rice farming SEA (sustainable ecological agriculture) was confronted with limited yields. Nevertheless, the biggest impact to this scheme was the participating farmers were able free their families from debts. Mechanics Rice Contract This year PASALI starts a new Rice Contract Farm supported by PASALI Netherlands and a new partner the Dutch Migrant Consortium. In this scheme the moneylender is paid in full and farmers are developed so they will no longer need to mortgage. New is SRI as production system and farmers work as employees under the PASALI technicians rather than being paid for harvest. In this way, farmers experience the true nature of SRI to its full capacity in Mindanao. This scheme runs parallel to the foundation, has a business core for sustainability and its goal is extension of SRI. Several youth are under the SRI farm technicians for on-the-job training. This business model for rice can be extended to any interested bodies, especially overseas filipino workers and migrants with investment interests.
To make Palimbang SRI capital of the Philippines Figure 4: Development Strategy I
PASALI Philippine Foundation Farm Support Scheme (FSS-SRI)
& Development Strategy II
PASALI TECHNICAL CENTER farm implements, Research & Development fabrication, Water installation Continued partnership DA – ATI Farm Field School “People, Planet, Profit”
OVERSEAS PINOY DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT GROUP Stakeholders: Overseas Filipinos, families of overseas migrants, Farmer cooperatives Rice Contract Farming Land Redemption Farmer as businessman Mechanized production
“Profit, People, Planet”
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Shortlist Trainings A. Farm Support Scheme – System of Rice Intensification (FSS-SRI): 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Training SRI Methods and Procedures Training Alternative/Multi-crop Farming Pre-membership Education Seminar (PMES) Financial Literacy Training Training Community Organizing and Facilitation Project Management Training Orientation Seminar Peacebuilding Skills Training Organizational Development and Project/Cooperative Management Training Basic Machine Operation and Handling Training Basic Farm Equipments Usage Training Gender and Development Training Disaster Risk Reduction
B. Indigenous People Community Development IP leaders are included in all of FSS-SRI trainings but PASALI brought to the villages tailor-made trainings: 13. 14. 15. 16.
Training on SRI Methods and Procedures for upland areas Training on Alternative/Multi-crop Farming for upland conditions Training on Basic Hygiene and Sanitation Literacy and Numeracy Training (Conducted by PASALI’s Children’s Desk for General Santos areas) 17. Theater Training for personal development
C. Sustainable City Gardening (since 2011) 18. Sustainable Urban Gardening (SUGa) – high-value crops in crophouse system D. Community Skill Development (2005-2006) 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.
Training on Training on Training on Training on Training on
Organic Farming Virgin Coconut Oil Processing (for rural women) Gillnet Fishing Food Safety and Processing (for rural women) Basic Arc Welding (for youth technicians)
Trainings 2005-2011 Ongoing or Planned Trainings DATE
TOPIC
NO. present
PARTICIPANTS Specification
DURATION
LOCATION
Mar. 2011 3rd week
Formation/Organization Cooperatives: Strategic Planning
30
Moro, Settlers, IP Members Farmer Cooperatives
3 days
Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat
Formation/Organization
30
Moro, Settlers, IP
3 days
Kanipaan,
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Cooperatives: Lobby & Advocacy towards Local Government Units, NGOs, and other stakeholders Formation/Organization Cooperatives: Orientation Gender & Development
Members Farmer Cooperatives
Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat
30
Moro, Settlers, IP Members Farmer Cooperatives
2 days
Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat
2nd week
Peacebuilding: Training, Planning, Budgeting and Monitoring Evaluation
30
Moro, Settlers, IP Members Farmer Cooperatives
2 days
Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat
1st week
Community-based Disaster Risk Reduction
38
1 day (1) 1 day (II)
Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat
Feb. 2011 4th week
Formation/Organization Cooperatives: Organizational Development
30
Technicians Technical Center, their families (I) Farmer Cooperative members (II) Moro, Settlers, IP Members Farmer Cooperatives
3 days
Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat
3rd week
Formation/Organization Cooperatives: Formulation Community Agenda
30
Moro, Settlers, IP Members Farmer Cooperatives
3 days
Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat
22-23
Financial Literacy
38
Technicians Technical Center, their families (I) Farmer Cooperative members (II)
1 day (1) 1 day (II)
Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat
Lecture, practicu m, informal gardenin g instructio ns
General Santos City, Sarangani
Completed Trainings Feb. 2011 14–16
Sustainable Urban Gardening (SUGa)
20
Older Persons, Senior Citizens, Children in Conflict with the Law of Moro, Settlers, B’laan (IP)
2-3
Training on Alternative Multi-Crop Farming
35
Farmers Moro, settlers, and IP leaders
Dec. 2010 28
Financial Literacy Training
30
Tri-people farmers
Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat 1 day
Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat
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27
Methods and Procedures of FSS-SRI Training
25
Tri-people farmers
1 day
15
Methods and Procedures of FSS-SRI
24
Tri-people farmers
1 day
14
Methods and Procedures of FSS-SRI
25
Tri-people farmers
1 day
10
Methods and Procedures of FSS-SRI
36
Tri-people farmers
1 day
9
Methods and Procedures of FSS-SRI
25
Tri-people farmers
1 day
Nov. 2010 23-24
Methods and Procedures of FSS-SRI, LGU Columbio and Rural Development Institute of Sultan Kudarat (RDISK) Pre-membership Education Seminar (PMES) for Farmer Cooperatives
27
Farmers and representatives LGU Columbio
2 days
90
Farmer Prospects to form cooperatives from 6 villages
7 days
Tri-people Farmers
5 days
20
Farmers and LGU representatives
3 days
Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat
30
Tri-people Farmers
1 day
Kidapawan City, North Cotabato
46
Tri-people Farmers
5 months
Dumolol, Midol, San Roque, Baliango,
1-7
Oct. 2010 1-5 Sept. 2010 27-29
8
Aug – Dec 2010
Cooperative Training: Formation of Cooperatives Methods and Procedures of FSS-SRI, Social Action Center (SAC)- Diocese of Malaybalay, Bukidnon “Trainers Training on: Farm Support Scheme- System of Rice Intensification (FSSSRI)- Advocating FSS-SRI for food security.” Methods and Procedures of FSS-SRI, for Department of Agriculture’s Farmers Field DA-ATI, School (FFS), KASILAK Foundation Actual Practice Monitoring and Instruction of graduates of the DA-ATI Farm Field School
Barongis & Kitaw, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat KolongKolong, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat Colobe, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat Kitaw, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat Barongis, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat (Dumolol, Midol, Dumatu, Barongis, Wal, Lupoken) Farmers
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July 2010 14-17
Methods and Procedures of FSS-SRI
24
Tri-people Farmers
3 days
10-11
Community Organizing and Facilitation
24
Tri-people Farmers
2 days
7-9
Methods and Procedures of FSS-SRI, Catholic Relief Services (CRS) from Davao, Kadtuntaya Foundation ( KFI) from Cotabato City, Kasilak Development Foundation (KDFI) from Kidapawan City, Kaanib Foundation Inc.( KFI) from Bukidnon Methods and Procedures of FSS-SRI
24
Agro-enterprise facilitators
3 days
24
Tri-people Farmers
3 days
Gender and Development by Corazon Dee ERCMOVE
33
1,5 days
Financial Literacy by Finance Consultant Roce Rivera
33
Advanced Training Installation Hydraulic Rampump and Machine Shop (welding, boring, fabrication) by AIDFI (winner BBC World Challenge 2010) Methods and Procedures of FSS-SRI, for the Department of Agriculture’s Farm Field School
3
Tri-people farmers (male and female), PASALI staff, IP leaders Manobo villages Tri-people farmers (male and female), PASALI staff, IP leaders Manobo villages PASALI Technical Center technicians (youth)
100
Methods and Procedures of FSS-SRI, in coordination with DA-ATI
30
June 2010 5-8
Feb. 2009
JanJune 2010
May 2009 17-19
Kanipaan, Palimabang, Sultan Kudarat Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat
KolongKolong, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat General Santos City, Sarangani
1,5 days
General Santos City, Sarangani
1 month
Bacolod, Visayas
Tri-people Farmers
6 months
Dumolol, Midol, San Roque, Baliango, Kanipaan, Palimabang, Sultan Kudarat
Tri-people Farmers from Kanipaan, Maguid, KolongKolong,
2 days
Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat
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Napnapon May – June 2009
Training PASALI Farmer Technicians in Cambodia at CEDAC: Centre d'Etude et de Développement Agricole Cambodgien For training on the methods and procedures of System of Rice Intensification SRI Trials: PASALI declares SRI as THE method it will endorse. Three farmers practice SRI on their own land.
3
PASALI Farmer Technicians
2 months
Khan Toul Kok Phnom Penh, Cambodia
4
2 PASALI Farmer Technician, 3 Kanipaan farmers
1 year
2009
Training Installation Hydraulic Rampump by AIDFI (winner BBC World Challenge 2010)
4
PASALI Technical Center technicians (youth)
Course of year
Kitaw, Napnapon (PASALI model Farm), Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat Alabel, Sarangani (actual site installations)
2008
Training Installation Hydraulic Rampump and Machine Shop (welding, boring, fabrication) by AIDFI (winner BBC World Challenge 2010) SRI Trials: Two farmers practice SRI on their own land. PASALI’s trial plot becomes a model farm.
4
PASALI Technical Center technicians (youth)
1 month
3
2 PASALI Farmer Technician2, 2 Kanipaan farmers
1 year
Further Training Machine Shop: Welding, Repair, Overhauling and Fabrication of Farm Equipments by Ramon Waman Marine Engineer/OFW Training Installation Hydraulic Rampump and Machine Shop (welding, boring, fabrication) by AIDFI (winner BBC World Challenge 2010) SRI Trials: Another farmer practice SRI on their own land. PASALI Netherlands finds studies on advantages and
9
Tri-people out-ofschool youth
3
PASALI Technical Center technicians (youth)
1 month
2
1 PASALI Farmer Technician, 1 Kanipaan farmer
1 year
Jan 2009
2007
Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat & Alabel Sarangani Kitaw, Napnapon (now PASALI model Farm), and Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat PASALI Technical Center, Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat Bacolod, Visayas
Kitaw, Napnapon (now PASALI model Farm), and
_________________________________________________________________________________________ 13 PASALI Philippines Foundation FSS-SRI Trainings
disadvantages of SRI.
2006
20052006
2005
Training Processing Virgin Coconut Oil by Tony Manaog and Southern Christian College-CEREA & facilitated by PASALI Training and Practicum Machine Shop at Alexander Machine Shop Training and Practicum Machine Shop at Raffols Machine Shop Training Arc Welding and Machine Operation by TESDA System of Rice Intensification Trial Plot Knowledge of SRI provided by PASALI Netherlands
33
Tri-people Women
1 day
9
Tri-people out-ofschool-youth
1 month
9
Tri-people out-ofschool-youth
1 month
35
Tri-people out-ofschool-youth
18 days
1
1 PASALI Farmer Technician
5 months
Training Sustainable Ecological Agriculture (SEA) by Southern Christian College-CEREA & facilitated by PASALI Fishing: Gillnet Fishing & By Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
60
Tri-people Farmers
5 days
40
Fishing: Fish agregating devices (payao) by Palimbang Tuna Expedition Group Kanipaan Fishing: Fish cages from PASALI Netherlands
40
Tri-people men and women fishers of Bakung Small Fishing and Cristal Fishing Groups Tri-people men, women fishers, and youth
20
Tri-people out-ofschool youth
Fishing: Fish processing by Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources and PASALI Netherlands
58
Tri-people Women
Fishing: Boat making by PASALI Netherlands and local knowlegde
18
Tri-people men and women
Training
17
Tri-people out-of-
Basic
Machine
Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat General Santos, Sarangani General Santos, Sarangani General Santos, Sarangani Kitaw, Napnapon (now PASALI model Farm), Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat KolongKolong, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat KolongKolong, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat KolongKolong and Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat KolongKolong, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat PASALI
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Shop: Welding, Repair, Overhauling and Fabrication of Farm Equipments by Gerry Bulontoy Training Basic Machine Shop: Welding, Repair, Overhauling and Fabrication of Farm Equipments by Razul Abdula (Overseas Filipino Worker)
school youth
17
Tri-people out-ofschool youth
Technical Center, Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat PASALI Technical Center, Kanipaan, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat
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