Living in lockdown: Coronavirus and my year abroad Page 6
Inside Culture: What comes first beans or cheese? Page 27
UoM Zine creating a space for blackness, beauty and community Page 26
Is it art? French orbeez bath Page 24
FRE
E
Issue 20 / 16th March 2020
WWW.MANCUNION.COM
UoM moves to online teaching amidst coronavirus panic Read more on Page 2...
Anja Samy and Nicole Wootton-Cane Editor-In-Cheif and Deputy Editor
U
niversities across the country including UoM are taking steps
to move all teaching online following a step-up in coronavirus measures. Durham University and Liverpool
An email sent to Durham students
ropolitan University have told students
says that, starting next week, all classes
that face-to-face teaching will not resume
will be moved online in order to “reduce
after Easter break, but could halt “poten-
the risk of immediate infection”. A source
tially sooner, if requested by the govern-
from the University of Liverpool told The
ment.”
Mancunion that students on non-clinical
However, university vice-chancellors
degrees will also not be expected to at-
have told the government that a com-
tend lectures and seminars next week.
plete shutdown of UK universities would
University are among those ending face-
King’s College London (KCL) have
to-face teaching and telling students that
sent an email to students confirming that
from next week, they will not be expect-
all exams scheduled for the summer ex-
Speaking to The Guardian , vice-chan-
ed to attend classes. Earlier today, it was
amination period will be changed to al-
cellor of the University of the West of Eng-
announced that all schools and colleges
ternative methods of assessment, saying
land (UWE) Professor Steve West, said:
in the Republic of Ireland would close
they “will not hold conventional unseen
“My bottom line back to government...
over the virus.
exams over this period”. Manchester Met-
International students flee UK as home countries lockdown Page 3
Students occupy uni for four nights in solidarity with UCU strikes Anja Samy and Nicole Wootton-Cane Editor-In-Cheif and Deputy Editor
A
group of University of Manchester students have occupied buildings on campus each night this week in support of striking lecturers. Members of the University and College Union (UCU) are currently striking over pay, pensions, workplace conditions, and casualisation, in what they are calling the ‘four fights’ dispute. The industrial action, which has lasted for 14 days, culminated in a full five-day strike last week, leaving many students without teaching. Students aimed to use each night of the occupation to highlight a different one of the ‘four fights’, and to show that “there are a huge... Read more on Page 2...
be “impossible” as it would leave thousands of students stranded.
Read more on page 2....
Are our Students’ Union Elections fit for Women and STEM in the purpose? Page 7 media Page 8
2 News
ISSUE 20 / 16th March 2020 WWW.MANCUNION.COM
UoM moves towards Inside Issue 20: online teaching amidst coronavirus panic However, vice-chancellors have called the full shut-down of UK universities “impossible” Nicole Wootton-Cane Deputy Editor Continued from page 1...
S
SU Trustee resigns following 2020 Elections News: 5
Women and STEM in the media Science: 8
peaking to The Guardian, vice-chancellor of the University of the West of England (UWE) Professor Steve West, said: ““My bottom line back to government has been that they can’t treat universities like big schools because we aren’t. “I’ve got 4,500 students living on campus: some of them are care leavers or estranged from their families and many are international students. We can’t just shut down as they would have nowhere to go.” Whilst classes are moved online at Durham, the library and university accommodation will remain open. “The health and wellbeing of the Durham University community and the wider communities within which we sit must be the primary
concern of all of us at this time,” reads an email sent to Durham students. “These decisions have not been taken lightly and are similar to those taken at other leading universities around the world. They are designed to reduce the immediate risk of infection to yourself, our staff and our wider community. “We know that this may not be your preferred method of learning and that being in classrooms is an important pat of your university experience. However, moving to online learning will help limit exposure to Covid-19 by reducing group activities. This will help all of us as the coronavirus spreads.” Spencer, a third-year History student at Durham University said: “While I understand the need for Durham Uni to close immediately, meaning moving all teaching online, the fact the Library is being kept open, to me, suggests the uni don’t care about our wellbeing. “When you compare a seminar room of 10 people, or a lecture theatre of 100 to the Library
which can hold 1800 people, it seems obvious which you would close first. The library staying open is simply to stop students complaining and asking for extensions - that is their main worry, not our health.” The University of Manchester told The Mancunion that their position in response to coronavirus has not changed: “Lectures and seminars are currently taking place as normal, but we are closely following the latest Government advice, and will update students if the situation changes. “If you need further information beyond this, our relevant staff and student websites are being consistently updated.” At the time of publication, The Mancunion understands that teaching weeks 8 and 9 will be used as a transition period to move all teaching online. No lectures with a registered attendance of over 100 will be held face-toface, and smaller lectures will be encouraged to move online.
Students occupy uni for four nights in solidarity with UCU strikes The occupiers are from the climate justice group People and Planet, and used the protests to highlight each one of the four fights Anja Samy & Nicole Wootton-Cane Editor-in-Chief & Deputy Editor Continued from page 1...
S Cheese and wrinkles: an interview with Editor-in-Chief Anja Samy Societies: 12
Follow us on Contact us Editor-in-Chief: Anja Samy editor@mancunion.com Deputy Editor: Nicole Wootton-Cane deputyeditor.mancunion@ gmail.com Online Editor: Bec Oakes online@mancunion.com Chief Sub-Editor: Kate Jackson
tudents aimed to use each night of the occupation to highlight a different one of the ‘four fights’, and to show that “there are a huge number of students who are supportive of strike action,” according to one of the occupiers, Frazz. “Our main aim when beginning this occupation was to help increase the morale of the lecturers that are striking. When we had gone to join the people picketing, it seemed many members of staff we worried about students not supporting what they were doing. We wanted them to know that this isn’t true! There is a huge number of students who are supportive of strike action and we wanted to make this something that was more visible.”
Head News Editor: Megan Oyinka Deputy Editor: Aya-Zoe Attallah news@mancunion.com Science & Technology Editor: Shivani Kaura science@mancunion.com Investigations Editor: Josh Sandiford investigations@mancunion. com Features Editor: Felix Hanif-
Simultaneous occupations took place at other universities across the country, including Cambridge, UCL, Liverpool, Exeter, and Imperial. “We didn’t have any contact with other unis when we were planning but we were aware of other universities staging occupations that were also in soldiers with the UCU. Since we began our first night we have however been in touch with other occupying groups and have shown solidarity with them. “In Manchester we have tried to keep a focus on raising awareness of the 4 fights of the UCU. This is why we have taken on the tag #4nights4fights. By looking in more detail at the four fights ourselves we can be more equipped to explain the dispute between the uni and UCU with our fellow students and hopefully gain their support as well.” On Monday night, the group occupied Uni-
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versity Place to protest the gender and BAME pay gap, which stand at 18.4% and 31.4% respectively at UoM. Tuesday night saw the group return to University Place to highlight casualisation. On Wednesday, protestors occupied the Samuel Alexander building, focusing on staff workload. Before the third night of the Four Nights Four Fights Occupation, a student from People and Planet told The Mancunion that the theme of that night was a protest “against the enormous workload that lecturers are facing which hampers the quality of education [students] receive and the quality of life of our lecturers.” “67% of teaching staff at the University say that they do not have enough adequately paid time to prepare their classes. 73% of teaching staff say they do not have enough time... Read more online at mancunion.com.
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News 3
ISSUE 20 / 16th March 2020 WWW.MANCUNION.COM
Coronavirus death in Manchester
Last week saw the first death from coronavrius confirmed in Greater Manchester Jessica Walmsley News Reporter
Photo: Mikey @Flickr
C
oronavirus has caused the death of a 60 year old with underlying health issues in North Manchester General Hospital on the 8th March. His death was the third fatal case of novel coronavirus in the UK and, following his death on Sunday, three more people have since passed away from the virus. This comes as the number of cases in the UK has risen to 596 [13/03/20 14:00]. The man who passed away had recently returned to the UK from Italy, where he contracted the virus, and was put into isolation at hospital after visiting his GP. The hospital has issued a statement, “There is no risk to staff, other patients, relatives and visitors as we have robust measures in place to deal with patients treated on our Infectious Diseases Unit.” The family of the victim were told to self isolate themselves and, due to the quarantine, were unable to visit the patient in hospital or schedule a funeral. Those who had been in contact with the deceased before his isolation receive daily texts from Public Health England to check
whether they are showing any signs of the virus. The son of the victim stated that - “So far… none of us have shown any symptoms,”
“The man who passed away had recently returned to the UK from Italy, where he contracted the virus, and was put into isolation at hospital after visiting his GP”
There are currently 23 confirmed cases of coronavirus in Manchester and the man was first death in the city due to the virus. Coronavirus is affecting many aspects of city life, including sport matches such as the cancellation of the football match due between Manchester City and Arsenal.
Some players are currently in self-isolation after coming into contact with COVID-19 patient, Nottingham Forest owner Evangelos Marianakis. The Premier League has issued a statement about the decision to cancel the game: “Following medical advice, Arsenal FC and Manchester City FC consider it is necessary to postpone their fixture due to be played this evening to give time to fully assess the situation.” It has since been announced that the Premier League will be suspended until the 3rd of April.Advice from the government emphasises “the importance of washing your hands more often”, especially at the following times: • when you get to work or arrive home • after you blow your nose, cough or sneeze before you eat or handle food. The guidelines encourage people to wash their hands for “20 seconds, using soap and water or hand sanitiser. You should also cough or sneeze into tissues before binning them.” If you think you may have any of the coronavirus symptoms make sure to call 111 to seek professional medical attention.
International students flee UK as home countries lockdown
Saudi Arabia has announced that travel to and from the country will be restricted in 72 hours time, leading to a difficult decision for students here in the UK Anja Samy Editor-in-Chief
S
audi Arabian residents studying in the UK have been forced to make the difficult choice of either remaining in the country or returning home, after Saudi Arabia gives 72 hour warning for lockdown in response to increasing cases of coronavirus. Aya-zoe Atallah, a final year undergraduate student at the University of Manchester, has made the decision to return home before all international travel to and from the country is suspended:
She told The Mancunion that she felt she had little choice in the matter but is worried about the impact this will have on her degree: “I couldn’t risk being stuck away from home, but I’m stressing about how this will affect my studies more than anything else. As a final year student I’ll have no access to the libraries or contact hours with lecturers, so on top of all the strikes I’ll have zero support for my upcoming deadlines and dissertation. “I’ve been told by student support to apply for mitigating circumstances so hopefully that helps, but how much can they do without knowing the future of the virus? The uncertain-
ty about the whole situation is what scares me the most. What happens with my education is all up in the air at the moment.” On Thursday March 12th, the Saudi Press Agency released information from the Ministry of Interior about the country’s precautionary measures, stating that, “the kingdom’s government has decided to temporarily suspend the travel of citizens and expatriates and suspend flights.” People have been given 72 hours to either exit the country or return, before the country goes into temporary lockdown. This follows the decision of the Italian government on March 10th to restrict international travel to and
from the country, allowing only those who can provide medical certification that they do not have coronavirus to cross the border. Claudia, a Bio-Chemistry student at UoM, who lives in Spain, expressed fears about being stranded in the UK without her family. She told The Mancunion that she rebooked her flight home for Easter break to tomorrow because she “didn’t want to get sick and have nobody around me, since my other friends are also going home and my family lives abroad.” Claudia was “ pleasantly surprised” by how understanding the University was about her wish to leave the UK: “I set up a meeting with my project
advisor and he told me that this takes priority and said that I wouldn’t be penalised for this. “The university understands that they aren’t able to provide definitive answers yet, but they also mentioned that we had to be cautious about being able to fly back on time.” The impact of coronavirus on those studying at UK universities continues to grow as not only are many students studying abroad and within the UK being forced to make decisions regarding returning home, but also a number of UK institutions, including Durham and KCL, have recently announced a move towards online teaching and examinations.
4 News
ISSUE 20 / 16th March 2020 WWW.MANCUNION.COM
Greater Manchester comes together to help those affected by Flybe collapse Stranded passengers and staff are to be offered discounted or free travel Joe Manock News Reporter
F
lybe, Europe’s largest regional airline, has collapsed into administration. The fall of the Exeter-based airline has caused the loss of more than 2,000 jobs. Greater Manchester partners have come together to support employees affected by the announcement. The Growth Company and Jobcentre Plus are providing hands-on support to former Mancunion Flybe staff. Mayor of Greater Manchester, Andy Burnham, has promised that the council will provide expert advice and support services to the employees made redundant. Andy Burnham said: “We have
acted quickly to make sure that Flybe employees in Greater Manchester are able to access the same dedicated support service that was offered to Thomas Cook staff last year. It is incredibly difficult to lose your job like this, so suddenly and with little support. I want to reassure people here in Greater Manchester that we will do whatever we can to help them. “This is a real blow to Flybe staff and passengers, and right now my thoughts are with everyone affected by this airline’s collapse.” The measures taken by the Manchester council mirror the response to last year’s Thomas Cook collapse, which jeopardised 9000 jobs. The collapse of Flybe, which operates almost 40% of UK domestic
flights, came less than two months after the government announced a rescue deal. Yet the government stalled on its £100m loan, due to fears of the coronavirus. A plunge in travel demand as a result of the virus proved too much for the airline to cope with. Flybe’s administrator, the accountancy firm EY, spoke of how the “added pressures” of coronavirus worsened an existing insecure financial situation. Before the outbreak, Flybe was already struggling from the competition with its rival Loganair and rising fuel costs. First Rail has offered free travel to Flybe passengers and staff. While EasyJet has offered discounted fares for stranded passengers and free flights to Flybe staff so they can get home.
Photo: Ken Fielding@ Wikimedia Commons
Mental health struggles among UK students increasing A report has found that all items included in the happiness index have fallen among young people and that only 13% of people have accessed services when needed Joe Manock News Reporter
S
t u d e nt
m e nt a l
h o p e d t h at t h e f i n d i n g s w i l l a c t
a cce s s e d t h e m .
a s a c a l l t o a r m s fo r key s t a ke -
h e a lt h
re p o r t by t h e I n s i g ht Ne t wo rk a n d st u d e nt o rg a n i s at i o n D i gIn. T h e re p o r t q u e s t i o n e d ove r st u de nt s
a c ro s s
t h re e
ye a rs . A l m o st h a l f (4 2 % ) o f st u d e nt s s u r veye d we re fo u n d to
B r i a n D ow, C E O o f M e nt a l
“Almost half (42%) of students surveyed were found to have suffered from a serious personal, emotional, behavioural or mental health problem”
To i n fo r m s u cce s s f u l i nt e r-
p re s s i o n a n d a n x i e t y we re a l s o
ve nt i o n ,
fo u n d to b e t h e m o st co m m o n
sub-sections
s t u d e nt m e nt a l i l l n e s s e s.
p op u l at i o n m o s t at r i s k . T h o s e
t h ey wo u l d ap p ro a c h a m e nt a l
the
s t u dy of
i d e nt i f i e d
the
s t u d e nt
ide nt i f i e d a s h i g h r i s k i n c l u d e st u de nt s
wh o
a re
n o n - b i n a r y,
h e a l t h p ro fe s s i o n a l i f t h ey co u l d
t h i rd-ye a r, fe m a l e , o r i nt e r n a-
d o s o o n l i n e. T h i s f i n d i n g ra i s e s
tional.
q u e s t i o n s a b o u t wh e t h e r s e r v i c-
t h at , fo r a l l t h e p rog re s s we ’ve made
in
the
last
decade,
so
m a ny yo u n g p e o p l e s t i l l fe e l t h e n e e d t o co n ce a l t h e i r m e nt a l i l l n e s s fo r fe a r o f t h e re a c t i o n f ro m o t h e r p e o p l e? D i g- I n’s re -
h ow re a d i ly ava i l a b l e yo u m a ke
p e rs o n a l , e m ot i o n a l , b e h av i o u r-
T wo - t h i rd s o f st u de nt s s a id
H e a l t h U K s a i d , “ H ow c a n it b e
p o r t re m i n d s u s t h at , n o m at t e r
h ave s u f fe re d f ro m a s e r i o u s
a l o r m e nt a l h e a lt h p ro b le m . D e -
s e r v i ce s , t h e s t i g m a o f m e nt a l i l l n e s s c a n s t i l l p re s e nt a ve r y re a l c h a l l e n ge fo r m a ny. ” D r. S t e p h e n Pe re i ra , D i re c t o r o f t h e I n s i g ht Ne t wo rk s a i d : “ S t u d e nt s m ay b e v u l n e ra b l e t o p s yc h o l og i c a l d i f f i c u l t i e s d u e t o t h e i nt e ra c t i o n o f a va s t a r ray
T h e re s e a rc h co n f i r m s t h e
o f u n ive rs it y- s p e c i f i c c h a l l e n g-
f i n d i n g s o f a 2 0 1 8 P r i n ce ’s T r u s t
e s . T h e s e st re s s o rs i n c l u d e m ov-
s u r vey,
t h at
i n g away f ro m h o m e fo r t h e f i rs t
a l e n ce o f st i g m a i s e q u a l ly wo r-
eve r y ite m i n t h e h a p p i n e s s i n-
t i m e , e s t a b l i s h i n g n ew n e t wo rk s ,
r y i n g . E i g ht i n te n st u de nt s w it h
de x h a d fa l le n a m o n g yo u n g p e o -
d eve l o p i n g n ew i d e nt it i e s , n ew
a m e nt a l h e a lt h d i a g n o s i s s a id
p le i n t h e U K . T h i s m e a s u re m e nt
i nt e l l e c t u a l d e m a n d s , a n d f i n a n-
t h ey h ave co n ce a le d t h e i r s y mp -
wa s t h e lowe s t re co rd e d s i n ce
c i a l s t ra i n s . T h e re fo re , it i s p e r t i -
t o m s d u e to st i g m a . T h i s fe a r e x-
re s e a rc h b e ga n i n 2 0 0 9.
n e nt t h at a s a s o c i e t y we s u p p o r t
e s n e e d to a d ap t d i g it a l ly. Re s e a rch rega rd i n g t h e p rev-
p l a i n s st u d e nt ’s re l u c t a n ce to a c-
Photo: Sander van der Wel @Wikimedia Commons
h o l d e rs a n d t h e N H S.
p ro b le m s a re r i s i n g e x-
p o n e nt i a l ly, a cco rd i n g t o a n ew
8 0,0 0 0
ava i l a b le s e r v i ce s , o n ly 1 3 % h ave
wh i ch
reve a l e d
re p o r t
a n d e d u c at e s t u de nt s o n h ow t o
ce s s s u p p o r t s e r v i ce s o f fe re d by
a i m s to f u r t h e r ra i s e t h e p ro f i l e
re cog n i s e s t re s s , t h e e a rly wa r n-
t h e i r u n ive rs it y; at h o u g h 82 % o f
o f m e nt a l h e a l t h i s s u e s a m o n g
i n g o f m e nt a l h e a l t h p ro b l e m s
s t u d e nt s s a id t h ey a re awa re o f
t h e U K st u de nt p o p u l at i o n . I t i s
a n d wh e re t o s e e k s u p p o r t . ”
S i g n i f i ca nt ly,
the
Photo: Publik15 @ Flickr
News 5
ISSUE 20 / 16th March 2020 WWW.MANCUNION.COM Photo: @vitastudent
Student Trustee resigns following 2020 Elections “The processes need more transparency in order to regain the confidence of the student population” - Kate Foy steps down from SU involvement Anja Samy Editor-in-Chief
K
ate Foy, has stepped down from her positions as Student Trustee,
disabled Students’ Officer for the University of Manchester SU and President of Disabled Students’ Society, due to concerns regarding the Students’ Union 2020 Exec Elections. Kate, who was a candidate for role of Liberation and Access Officer, told The
Mancunion that she has lost faith in the
after complaints were submitted against
with students putting themselves and their
erally unaware of how and when to make
them, claiming they had breached rules
views forward to be challenged, scrutinised
complaints against candidates, rendering
related to giving students personal space
and voted for by the student body.
many legitimate incidences unusable by
when voting.
“We made conscious efforts to make
the DRO, limiting the effectiveness of the
Kwame Asamoah Kwarteng and Rhana
our election rules simpler for candidates
Phool, two of these candidates, were how-
and their campaign teams this year. The to-
In addition Kate expressed a belief that,
ever successfully elected as 2019 General
tal number of complaints we received this
given what she perceives as a lack of trust
Secretary and Postgraduate Officer respec-
year was 17, 1 of which resulted in a final
in students regarding SU Elections after last
tively.
written warning. However we do know that
year, “in order to regain that confidence, the
our elections process is not perfect and we
Students Union should have taken this into
recognise students’ frustrations.”
consideration and treated complaints of
During this year’s elections, a similar complaint was submitted to the SU regarding candidates who allegedly broke the same rule.
The Students Union are currently em-
procedures.”
cheating more severely this time around.”
barking on a democracy review “to look
Kate told The Mancunion her decision
democratic processes of the Students Un-
According to the SU’s official summa-
at how we best represent students and we
to resign was also influenced by concerns
ion: “Given the elections scandal last year
ry of complaints for the 2020 Elections
encourage all students to actively take
for some of the student groups she has pre-
and the reports of cheating this year, I don’t
period, “candidates were seen watching a
part in that process and they can do so by
viously represented: “I think my response
believe in the organisation any more.
student cast their ballot and asked a cam-
contacting the democracy team at the SU.”
has probably been the most overt because
“I’m concerned for the future of mar-
paigner to approach the voter.” Following
They stated that they “always encourage
I’m in contact with lots of people who are
ginalised students and how they’re going
investigation from the Deputy Returning
students to scrutinise and challenge how
worried about the future.”
to be represented in future. I don’t want to
Officer (DRO), the complaint was “upheld
their students’ union operates and func-
Kate, is a PhD student and has had an
continue giving my time to an organisation
for two of the candidates” and the “DRO is-
tions, and in particular how it’s democracy
extensive career in student politics and
which won’t take the very real concerns of
sued a formal written warning”.
works for them.”
advocacy. According to the Students’ Un-
its students seriously, and who its members have no confidence in.” The “scandal” to which Kate refers happened during the 2019 Exec Elections when
The Students Union have acknowledged
In regard to the elections complaints
ion website, she has been a “society head
some students’ dissatisfaction but told The
process, Kate told The Mancunion that she
of both disabled and LGBT+ groups several
Mancunion they have strived to improve
thinks “the processes need more transpar-
times over at a few different universities,
the elections processes this year:
ency in order to regain the confidence of
as well as having been a faculty rep, and on
the student population.”
over two dozen committees in a variety of
four candidates were banned from cam-
“We know that the SU elections period is
paigning due to allegations of misconduct
a highly emotive time in the academic year,
She feels that students seem to be “gen-
roles.”
Petition calling for all UK universities to be closed amid Coronavirus fears skyrockets Members of the public are calling for a lockdown of education after government announce move into ‘delay’ phase Sam Honey News Consultant
A
petition calling for all British universities to be closed for an unspecified period has reached nearly 80,0000 signatures in 24 hours, amid the spread of Coronavirus. The petition calls for universities to be shut in several weeks time or ‘as soon as possible’, to help combat the spread of the highly-infectious virus. Signatories are increasing at the rate of hundreds every few minutes.
Clamping down on mass gatherings has been recognised as a priority in the fight to contain the virus. Sports events have been cancelled or scheduled behind closed doors in a number of European countries, while social distancing has been used as part of lockdown measures. Universities are particularly vulnerable to the spread of the contagious disease, given the size of cohorts and often international nature of the student body, with many likely to have returned from high-risk zones in Asia and Europe over Christmas. Positive cases have already been confirmed
at a number of UK universities, including Oxford and Bristol, while Irish Taoiseach Leo Varadkar today confirmed that all schools and universities in the country would be shut down until March 29th, at the earliest. UK universities have already implemented certain measures, including changing exams to alternative methods, and the use of remote teaching. Another petition on the government website, calling for both schools and colleges to be closed across the UK has reached 350,000 signatures in 6 days. Once 100,000 signatures are reached, the
issue will be considered for a debate in parliament. Given the possibility of national crisis, it is likely that parliament will consider the proposition, and could legislate on it in the near future. Despite the apparent sensibility of closing down schools and universities, vice-chancellors have warned the government that a total closure of campuses will not be feasible, due to the inability to relocate all students. The government announced billions of pounds worth of emergency investment in the Wednesday budget, including extending sick pay.
6 Features
ISSUE 20 / 16th March 2020 WWW.MANCUNION.COM
Living in lockdown: Coronavirus and my year abroad
Sign on closed shop #wearestayingathome Photo: Bella Jewell
Versace face-masks and a ban on cheek kissing - UoM student Bella Jewell describes the impact of coronavirus on her Neapolitan Erasmus exchange Bella Jewell Features Writer
E
‘In the church only two people per pew.’ Photo: Bella Jewell
in front of it.
Those buzzing streets, packed bars, and lively
The reality of people living in Italy under this
evenings now seem like an alternate reality, as the
current quarantine is actually rather mundane.
fore setting off you hear about the wild parties,
few cafes and restaurants which are open as nor-
All residents are encouraged to stay at home un-
the relaxed lifestyle, and the beauty of making
mal have imposed a ‘one meter apart’ rule, which
less they must leave for work, medical reasons, or
friends from all over the world… Unfortunately,
obliges all clients to refrain from any physical
emergencies.
instead of living the dolce vita and attending lec-
proximity. What’s more, as of March 11th, the Italian gov-
In the build up to the United Kingdom’s exit
ernment has declared all shops and businesses
from the European Union, current British Erasmus
be closed apart from pharmacies, food shops and
students are counting their blessings that they
petrol stations. Leaving the house for an ‘unneces-
managed to squeeze into potentially one of the
sary activity’ is banned. This is a rapidly changing
last year groups to benefit from the Erasmus pro-
situation.
gramme and grant. The recent outbreak of COV-
One positive of the situation is the fun you
ID-19, however, has certainly thrown a spanner
can have people watching; the pantomime perfor-
in the works for many Erasmus students, myself
mance as Italians go in for a customary kiss on the
included.
cheek, then immediately remember the rules and lurch back to tap elbows, never gets old.
the whole of Italy was going into ‘lockdown’; a ter-
Perhaps my humour standards have been
rifying prospect that immediately brings Cherno-
lowered due to my reduced access to civilisation,
byl-like images to mind. Universities in Italy have
but I regularly find myself giggling at the inconsist-
already been sporadically closed since the 26th
encies of the Italian reaction to Coronavirus.
“...the situation is becoming more strict, with reports of police officers patrolling the streets demanding for justification from people who are outside” Bars and restaurants are closed after 6pm,
February for ‘deep cleaning’ purposes, however
Back at the beginning of the epidemic, before
I’ve heard of students graduating via skype, and
this latest measure taken by the Italian govern-
the lockdown, I was alarmed to open the Eras-
church services are either being cancelled, or wor-
ment sees educational institutions closed until
mus office door to a surprised receptionist in a
shippers are reduced to only two people per pew; a
the 3rd of April.
face mask. She crossly pointed at the sign by the
difficult rule for a very catholic country.
This year the University of Manchester Italian
door stating that only those with covered mouths
Recently it appears the situation is becoming
Department sent a small cohort of students off on
could enter the office, so a friend and I sceptically
more strict, with reports of police officers patrolling
Erasmus exchange to a handful of universities
wrapped a jumper and a scarf around our faces
the streets demanding for justification from people
in Italy; Bologna, Perugia, Naples, and Bergamo.
before crossing the threshold.
who are outside.
The aim of the study abroad placement - like any
The next moment left me smirking into my
Many pharmacies, banks, and shops have
- was to undertake lectures in Italian, and to gain
scarf as I was handed the receptionist’s pen, from
cracked down on public interaction, adopting a
a greater understanding of the Italian culture and
one ungloved hand to another, to sign some uni-
one person at a time policy to limit infection risks.
language. But in reality, number of lectures attend-
versity paperwork. Two weeks later, I can confirm
Makeshift signs stating that shops have run out
ed: three.
we did not infect each other… this time.
of gloves, masks, and hand sanitizer can be spot-
“The pantomime performance as Italians go in for a customary kiss on the cheek, then immediately lurch back to tap elbows, never gets old”
The human reaction to this epidemic is a
ted across the city, highlighting the level of public
fascinating thing to examine, I’ve seen people re-
panic as stockpiling of such goods has exhausted
moving their protective mask to sneeze or smoke
supplies.
in public, people using funky patterned ties that
Nobody could have expected a year abroad
they’ve bought from street stalls as a face cover,
like this, however Italian universities are trying to
and even a ‘trendy’ kids clothing shop in which the
adapt - in Naples they are currently working on an
mannequins in the window are sporting a rather
online learning platform, which is innovative stuff
edgy, branded face mask. Because in the land of
for an old-fashioned institution that relies on a pa-
Versace, why not make your protective gear more
per-based system for almost everything.
chic?
As I write this article quarantined in my bed-
“Coronavirus” can be heard on any street
room, I am getting used to the eerie quiet of the
corner… One savvy Vespa driver in the historical
street outside my window. The revving of mopeds
centre has taken to screaming “Eyy I’ve got Coro-
and shouting of the neighbours has died down,
navirus!” at pedestrians, so that they dodge out of
apart from the occasional cry of “ROSARIA” - the
Having worked in France for the first semester
the way of his vehicle. The words are inescapable,
name of a local lady who sells contraband ciga-
during the general strike against pension reform, I
somehow even the toilet paper brand in my flat is
rettes on demand by popping them in a basket low-
was excited at the prospect of starting again, mov-
called ‘Corona’!
ered down from a client’s balcony to street level.
ing to the south of Italy to study in Naples, at the Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II. Deserted streets of Naples Photo: Dorka Mezei
ro glasses of Aperol Spritz (yes, really).
be one of the best years of your life. Be-
On the 9th of March, it was announced that
Joke sign for an ‘anti-corona virus’ fruit juice Photo: Bella Jewell
viruses by popping the Spanish word for ‘Crown’
rasmus placements are supposed to
tures, we are all sitting indoors at home.
Students forced to cover face in office. Photo: Bella Jewell
the most of the world’s greatest pizza and one-eu-
The scientists in the 60’s who came up with
Whilst most bars and restaurants in the city
the term coronavirus have some serious ques-
have been hit hard by Coronavirus and the lock-
The first week of Naples was wonderful - I fully
tions to answer; the prospect of a flu pandemic is
down, it’s comforting to hear that at least Rosaria’s
threw myself into the energy of the city, making
scary enough, without crowning it the King of all
business is flourishing.
Features 7
ISSUE 20 / 16th March 2020 WWW.MANCUNION.COM
Photo: Ethan Davies @ The Mancunion
Are our Students’ Union elections fit for purpose? In the wake of our recent SU exec elections, Deputy Editor Nicole Wootton-Cane asks if the system is still effective Nicole Wootton-Cane Deputy Editor
S
body to work for them for a year since approxi-
ior, Middle and Senior Common Rooms,” explains
this often results in students simply picking the
mately 1970.
one Durham college website. Common rooms are
first name off the list rather than active engagement.
tudents’ Union Executive Officer elec-
But recently, students at a number of insti-
described as “an organisation providing support,
tions are a key part of any university’s
tutions in the UK have expressed concerns that
events and community for a specific group of Col-
there are cracks in the system.
lege members.”
annual calendar, offering a selection of students
There are no easy answers to the question of student engagement, but it is worth recognising
the opportunity to spend a year working on is-
Take Durham for instance. This year, students
Because of the heavy involvement that a stu-
sues that matter to them around campus and
across the university launched a ‘RON campaign’
dent’s respective college has in their everyday life,
related to student life – if they can win the sup-
– encouraging students to vote to reopen nomina-
many Durham students have expressed a belief
For many, the SU is just a building, or a place
port of their peers. Executive Officers can make
tions (RON), instead of electing candidates – in an
that their SU’s failure to adapt to suit this system is
where they eat, or dance, or meet. But the SU is a
real change, working both on individual cases
effort to protest the Union’s position in their stu-
concerning.
democratic institution, too, yet it appears this fact
and broader structural change. Equally, some
dent life. Founders of the campaign say that they
RON was eventually disqualified after break-
Officers are forgotten as quickly as they started,
believe a RON vote is “the only way” to “force the
ing campaigning rules, meaning candidates did
failing to implement any meaningful policies
SU and university to address the issues that com-
fill all Officer roles, but regardless, it’s clear that the
and leaving little impact on their student com-
mon rooms and the wider student body have with
RON campaign had a significant impact.
munity.
the way SU democracy is being enacted and the
RON isn’t a new concept, although its imple-
conscious candidate can make a huge difference
power imbalance between common rooms and
mentation on this level is unprecedented. In 2016,
to the sustainability of students’ immediate local
the SU.”
The origins of Officer elections are difficult to
that the current system is struggling to fulfil its purpose of representing students.
is getting lost on a demographic group usually known for political engagement and activism. Student politics is still politics – just on a micro level. For example, electing an environmentally
students at the London School of Economics (LSE)
environment. SU officers have successfully lob-
is generally acknowledged to have begun around
opted not to elect a General Secretary, making it
bied universities to introduce vegware, and even
the 1970s, as students fought for greater rep-
the first election of RON in any British SU vote and
divest from fossil fuel companies, as well as intro-
forcing the union to hold another election.
ducing changes within their own institutions.
pinpoint exactly, but the idea of a sabbatical role
resentation on campus. The Education Act of 1994 lays out the role and requirements of students’ unions in the UK, stating that “appointment to major union offices should be by election in a secret ballot in which all members are entitled to vote”. Most unions already adhered to this regardless, so a reasonable estimate suggests that SU elections
“6,926 students voted in Manchester’s recent elections - less than 18% of the total student population”
Perhaps the biggest indicator that SU elections
Local elections of course do not capture the
are failing to reach student sympathies is the con-
same level of interest as general elections, so its
sistent lack of turnout across the board. Only 6,926
unsurprising that these hyper-local votes garner
students voted in Manchester’s recent elections –
even less. However, there is something to be said
less than 18% of the total student population. Even
for encouraging students to see SU politics as real
in Birmingham, where turnout was considered to
politics, with real power and real consequences.
have existed in a recognisable format in the UK for
be high, only just over 9,000 students cast a ballot
over 50 years.
– around 30% of the student population.
I don’t have the answers – if anybody did, I’m sure student engagement would be sky-high al-
During this time, the election format has seen
Granted, Durham operates under a collegiate
Low engagement is typical of SU elections
ready. But students shouldn’t underestimate the
little change - sometimes updating and revising
system similar to that of Oxbridge, where many
around the world, and despite SU staff’s best ef-
difference SUs can make to their lives, and SUs
available positions, but rarely making dramatic
students will participate in college sport and soci-
forts, changing this is a challenging task. Manches-
need to ensure that they represent all students
modifications. In one form or another, students
eties rather than SU organised ones. “Each college
ter SU have been known to offer plants, ice cream,
– even if this means changing up the way things
have elected representatives from the student
is formed from three bodies of members, the Jun-
and chips in exchange for completed ballots, but
have always been done.
8 Science & Tech
ISSUE 20 / 16th March 2020 WWW.MANCUNION.COM
UoM study indicates unnecessary Science fact the week antibiotics prescriptions could lead of Did you know... to increased hospital admissions Photo: Cavutto @ Flickr
A study has found that the risks of going to hospital with another infection directly correlates to the number of antibiotic prescriptions in the previous three years Zahra Salimi Science Writer
A
years, are 2.26 times more likely to pay another
fections, especially when patients already have
visit to the hospital in following three months.
previously used antibiotics.
Additionally, it was depicted that the risks of
“They may prescribe numerous courses of
new study conducted by the Univer-
going to hospital with another infection directly
antibiotics over a several years, which accord-
sity of Manchester’s epidemiologists
correlates to the number of antibiotic prescrip-
ing to our study increases the risk of a more se-
tions in the previous three years.
rious infection. That in turn, we show, is linked
indicates a link between the number of antibody prescriptions and a higher risk of hospi-
Based on the findings, statistically patients
to hospital admissions.”
who had two antibiotic prescriptions were 1.23
He then added: “We don’t know why this is,
The study, published in BMC Medicine and
times more likely to go to the hospital with an-
but overuse of antibiotics might kill the good
funded by The National Institute for Health
other infection. This is while this number was
bacteria in the gut (microbiota) and make us
Research and the Connected Health Cities Pro-
1.33 and 1.77 for patients with 3-4 and 5-8 pre-
more susceptible to infections, for example.”
gramme, drew its conclusions based on the
scriptions respectively.
tal admissions.
analysis of the data obtained from 2 million pa-
Francine Jury, from the University of Man-
Despite the findings, the team emphasised
chester and the clinical project manager of the
that the reason behind the association between
study, also commented: “GPs often have little
The data contained patient records of com-
higher antibiotic prescriptions and increased
time to get to grips with the detail of a patient’s
mon diseases such as Upper Respiratory Tract
hospital admissions is yet to be determined,
history.
Infection (URTI), Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
with more research required to indicate what,
and ear and chest infections, from 2000 to 2016.
or if any biological factors exist.
tients in England and Wales.
This is while long-term conditions such as Cyst-
Professor Tjeerd van Staa from the Universi-
ic Fibrosis (CF) and Chronic lung disease were
ty of Manchester, said: “GPs care about their pa-
excluded from the database.
tients, and over recent years have worked hard
According to the researchers, patients who
to reduce the prescribing of antibiotics.
have had a minimum of nine antibiotic prescrip-
“But it is clear GPs do not have the tools to
tions for common infections over the past three
prescribe antibiotics effectively for common in-
A
dopted by Manchester in the 19th Century, the Manchester Bee symbolises the Industrial Revolution, commemorating the progression of science and technology. Instead of production happening by hand, businesses started to use mass production by utilising machinery which lowered costs. The factories which people worked in were referred to as ‘beehives’ as the workers used to be constantly busy and productive. In 1842, the bee was finally incorporated into Manchester’s coat of arms, and can now be found on many of Manchester’s street furniture and can be seen within the mosaic floor in Manchester’s Town Hall.
“But what makes it even more difficult is that little official guidance exists for patients who already in the recent past had several courses of antibiotics for common infections. “Our hope is that, however, a tool we are working for GPs, based on patient history, will be able to calculate the risks associated with taking multiple courses of antibiotics.”
Women and STEM in the media
Photo: Anja Samy @ The Mancunion
Mhairi Finlayson spoke at this years Women in Media conference about being a woman in STEM and how STEM can be applied in media Aisha Al-Janabi Lifestyle Editor
T
his years’ Women in Media conference held a ‘STEM and the Media’ discussion with speaker Mhairi Finlayson, who is recent a Computer Sciences and Physics graduate. In this session Mhairi discussed her research as part of the BBC research and development (R&D) graduate scheme, as well as the underrepresentation of women in science. Three years into my undergraduate chemistry degree I have been lectured by only three women from the School of Chemistry. I’ve been taught by countless men who stand at the front of lecture theatres as they teach discoveries by male scientists, using units named after them – Dalton, Bohr, and Kelvin among others. Both the demographic of lecturers, and Photo: Mhairi Finlayson
lecture content, are a stark reminder that STEM is still a hugely male dominated profession. It was refreshing to hear Mhairi talking about her work in STEM and made me hopeful that this significant gender imbalance will improve. Mhairi works in the Artificial Intelligence in Media Production (AIMP) department to develop ways of using AI to improve media and broadcasting. This was an application of STEM I had never considered, which made for an engaging talk, evident when more than half of the attendees asked further questions at the end. This led to an interesting discussion about both technology in the media and being a woman in science. One project Mhairi is currently working on, is to develop an AI system that can film and edit panel shows by analysing the “vast quantities of archival data” the BBC has so it can mimic the creative decisions made by people. Initially, I was sceptical about why this was beneficial but Mhairi went on to explain that this would mean big events, like the Edinburgh Fringe, could be covered by the BBC and shared with a wider audience. She emphasised “AI cannot get rid of creative jobs” because there isn’t the technology for AI to be creative, however it will enable people to spend their time on the creative elements of their jobs in media. In response to a question about using AI for educational videos Mhairi said that when deciding to use AI you need to question if it is “the best tool to use in that circumstance,” which really highlighted to me that even if AI technology continues to advance, many jobs can’t be replaced simply because AI would not be suitable, or we don’t have enough data for it to learn certain skills.
After hearing about Mhairi’s research, she continued to discuss her experience on being a woman in science, recognising the gender imbalance meaning, “women just don’t see other women in STEM.” From my own experience, this is hugely discouraging and begs the question of what is happening throughout our education to mean that women aren’t represented, and are not having careers in this field?
“Both the demographic of lecturers and lecture content are a stark reminder that STEM is still a hugely male dominated profession”
Mhairi felt that “media organisations are noticing and focussing on increas ed diversification,” e specially as this will bene fit the code de signed for the AI being developed, for example. One audience member asked if the editing of panel shows currently has a gender bias, which would then impact the AI in the future and continue this bias. Mhairi sugge sted that for face detection the ratio of the size of s omeone’s face to the size of the s creen may affect their ons creen-time and que stioned if voice detection would be wors e for women compared to men. The s e are all points that Mhairi’s re s earch group needs to consider when de signing this technology, and highlights why diversity is needed among re s earchers to ensure that the s e are considered. Listening to Mhairi showcas ed an application of STEM outside of academia, emphasising that “STEM and re s earch is quite a creative place to be.” This will hope fully engage more young women to pursue a STEM degree and career, e specially after hearing about current res earch from other women.
Investigations 9
ISSUE 20 / 16th March 2020 WWW.MANCUNION.COM
Stellify: supernova or black hole? Josh Sandiford investigates the prestigious award that was praised by The Times and Sunday Times
Josh Sandiford Investigations Editor
“I
st e l l i f y
/
I’m
m i le s
high,”
c ro o n s lege n d a r y Ro s e s ro c k-
M a n ch e s t e r a i r p o r t i n wh i c h S t e l l i f y fe a -
f ro m t h e U n ive rs it y u rg i n g s t u de nt s t o
o t h e r h o b b i e s wh i ch do n o t ove rl ap w it h
t u re d p ro m i n e nt ly. A n a d d it i o n a l £ 5 ,0 0 0
j o i n t h e n e x t s t a ge o f t h e S t e l l i f y p ro -
t h e S t e l l i f y awa rd . It ’s h a rd t o p e rs u a de
wa s s p e nt i n 2 0 1 8 / 1 9 o n a UC A S ‘ I n f l u -
g ra m m e fo u n d t h e m s e lve s i n j u n k m a i l .
p e o p le wh o a re a l re a dy b u s y. ”
e n ce r Fo c u s Pa c k a ge ’ wh i c h i n c l u d e s
T h e U n ive rs it y wa s u n a b le t o re s p o n d at
n ews le t t e rs t o p a re nt s a n d a dv i s o rs .
t h e t i m e o f w r it i n g .
e r I a n B row n i n M a n c u n i a n a nt h e m
T h e f i rs t S t e l l i f y go n g s we re h a n de d
‘ S t e l l i f y ’ . It m e a n s t o c h a n ge, o r b e
o u t at a ce re m o ny l a s t ye a r. Mo st st u -
c h a n ge d , i nt o a s t a r - a f it t i n g n a m e fo r t h e Un ive r s it y ’s m o st p re st i g i o u s e xt ra - c u r r i c u l a r awa rd . S te l l i f y, d e s c r i b e d a s a ‘ m a rk o f M a nch e s t e r e xce l le n ce ’ , i s at t h e h e a r t o f t h e U n ive rs it y ’s co m m it m e nt to s o c i a l re s p o n s i b i l it y. To a c h i eve t h e awa rd , wh i ch i s ava i l a b le to a l l u n de rg ra d u ate s, s t u d e nt s mu st co mp le te a ra n ge o f a c t iv-
“The p rog ra m m e ’s co nce pt i o n h a s n’ t b e e n e nt i re ly smooth, with only small numbers t a k i ng it u p”
it i e s . T h e s e ra n ge f ro m 4 0 h o u rs o f vo l-
ce ive t h e S t e l l i f y awa rd , s a id t h e Un ive rs it y co u l d do m o re t o ra i s e awa re n e s s.
d e nt s T h e M a n c u n i o n s p o ke w it h s a id
He s a id : “ My f r i e n d s i n f i n a l ye a r
t h ey fo u n d t h e e x p e r i e n ce rewa rd i n g
s a id t h ey d id n’ t k n ow a b o ut t h e st e l l i f y
b u t t h at t h e U n ive rs it y co u l d do m o re t o
awa rd a n d m i s s e d t h e ch a l le n ge s i n p re -
m a ke t h e awa rd a cce s s i b le t o b u s y st u -
v i o u s ye a rs s o co u l d n’ t do it . ”
d e nt s .
C h lo e S a l i n s , M a n ch e s t e r S U ’s e d u ca-
A n ge l a C h e n , a s e co n d-ye a r e co n o m-
t i o n o f f i ce r wh o a l s o e a r n e d t h e awa rd ,
i c s s t u d e nt wh o h a s co mp le t e d t wo o f
s a id s h e d id n’ t t h i n k e n o u g h st u de nt s
t h re e S t e l l i f y c h a l l e n ge s , s a id wo rk i n g
we re t a k i n g p a r t .
t owa rd s t h e awa rd wa s a “ f u l f i l l i n g e xp e r i e n ce ” .
u nt e e r i n g to ‘e t h i ca l ’ ch a l le n ge s.
M i n g we i Z h a n g , a m a s t e rs s t u de nt at M a n ch e st e r a n d o n e o f t h e f i rs t t o re -
S a l i n s s a id : “ T h e re q u i re m e nt s o f t h e awa rd m a rg i n a l i s e a h i g h m aj o r it y o f
“C o m p l e t i n g t h e t a s k s o n t h e S t e l l i -
st u de nt s , e s p e c i a l ly t h o s e w it h ca r i n g
P ra i s e h a s b e e n h e ap e d o n t h e p ro -
W h i l e t h e U n ive rs it y d o e s n’ t h ave
f y awa rd i s a f u l f i l l i n g e x p e r i e n ce t h at
re s p o n s i b i l it i e s a n d t h at wo rk e x t e n s ive
g ra m m e. L a st O c to b e r, b o s s e s s a id S te l-
a ny fo r m a l t a rge t s fo r t h e n u m b e r o f
c a n b o o s t yo u r C V a n d i n c re a s e s k i l l s, I
h o u rs.
l i f y h a d p l aye d a b i g ro le i n M a n ch e ste r
st u de nt s it wo u l d l i ke t o co m p l e t e t h e
wo u l d re co m m e n d a l l do t h e awa rd , ” s h e
b e i n g n a m e d ‘ Un ive rs it y o f t h e Ye a r ’ fo r
awa rd , t h e re wa s a n a m b it i o n t h at 5 t o
said.
g ra d u ate e mp loy m e nt .
1 0 p e r ce nt o f s t u d e nt s wo u l d . I n t h e
B ut d e s p ite t h e p ra i s e a n d a h a n dsome
a dve r t i s i n g
spend,
the
2 0 1 8 / 1 9 a c a d e m i c ye a r - t h e t h i rd f u l l
p ro -
ye a r t h e p rog ra m m e ra n - 14 0 0 s t u d e nt s
g ra m m e ’s co n ce p t i o n h a s n’ t b e e n e n-
re g i ste re d vo l u nt e e r i n g h o u rs . T h i s i s
t i re ly s m o ot h , w it h o n ly s m a l l nu m b e rs
j u st ove r 5 % o f t h e to t a l u n d e rg ra d u at e
t a k i n g it u p.
b o dy.
“ T h e awa rd wa s de s i g n e d t o b e n e f it t h o s e st u de nt s wh o go t h e e x t ra m i le b u t t h e awa rd i s u n at t a i n a b le fo r s o m a ny it
“At least £30,000 has been spent on advertising since its 2015 launch”
s h ows t h e cle a r a m o u nt o f p re s s u re a n d st re s s st u de nt s a re u n de r n owa d ays t o a ch i eve s o mu ch at Un ive rs it y b eyo n d j u st a ch i ev i n g t h e i r deg re e . “ T h e Un ive rs it y i s c u r re nt ly rev i ew-
T h e Un ive rs it y h a s n’ t h e s it ate d i n
A n d it ’s u n c l e a r h ow m a ny a c t u a l ly
p o u r i n g va st s u m s o f ca s h i nto m a rke t-
co mp le t e d t h e f u l l 4 0 h o u rs o f vo l u n -
p o s s i b i l it y o f c re at i n g d i f fe re nt t i e rs
i n g t h e awa rd a n d at le a st £ 3 0,0 0 0 h a s
te e r i n g re q u i re d t o a c h i eve t h e awa rd .
s u ch a s b ro n z e, s i lve r a n d go l d - s o wo rk
b e e n s p e nt o n a dve r t i s i n g s i n ce it s 2 0 1 5
T h e Un ive rs it y s ays s t u d e nt s a re n o t e x-
l a u n ch .
p e c te d t o co m p l e t e a l l 4 0 h o u rs i n a ny
h a d n’ t t a ke n u p t h e awa rd , A n ge l a s a id
o n e a ca d e m i c ye a r.
s t u d e nt s “d i d n’ t t h i n k it wa s re leva nt ” .
I n t h e 2 0 17/ 1 8 f i n a n c i a l ye a r, £ 2 5,0 0 0 wa s s p e nt o n a Un ive rs it y d i s p l ay at
I n a n e m b a r ra s s i n g e r ro r, e m a i l s
When
a s ke d
why
m o re
s t u de nt s
S h e a d d e d : “ L o t s o f [ s t u de nt s ] h ave
i n g t h e st e l l i f y awa rd a n d lo o k i n g at t h e
i s b e i n g do n e b ut t h e m o re st u de nt i np u t t h e b e t te r. ” T h e Un ive rs it y o f M a n ch e st e r h a s b e e n co nt a c t e d fo r a re s p o n s e.
10 Opinion
ISSUE 20 / 16th March 2020 WWW.MANCUNION.COM Photo: Manfred Werner@WikimediaCommons
Photo: Ashley Burton @ Wikimedia Commons
The true cost of tuition fees
Lucca Di Virgilio discusses the problems with profiteering from university education
Lucca Di Virgilio Opinion Writer
A
2019 poll reported in the Guardian revealed that psychological distress among students is at an all-time high. The poll, which sampled 38,000 students across UK Universities, reported that 50.3% of participants had experienced thoughts of self-harm, whilst 87.7% of students struggled with feelings of anxiety, depression and loneliness with second- and third-year students at greatest risk. In some cases, figures were twice as high as reported rates in 2017. The causes of this decline in student well-being are myriad and complex. Not least are the modern strains of maintaining social media platforms and the increasing competitivity of the labour market. And of course, cuts to mental health services for under-18s have heightened the likelihood that young people entering university will have pre-existing mental health issues. Although these surrounding issues play a huge role in the decline of student mental health, there is one major factor which cannot be ignored - tuition fees. The problems associated with tuition-fees are becoming increasingly more visible. Since 1998, tuition fees in England and Wales have become incrementally higher, from £1,000 per annum to £9,250. Critics have also argued that taking education out of the public sphere has precipitated changes to the way universities are run. Universities seems to have become more like customer-driven businesses with policy choices more and more based on financial returns and efficacy rather than guided by the needs of students and researchers. One area where the neglect of student needs is apparent is in the lack of investment in counselling services. Indeed, students from Bristol, University College London and Goldsmiths protested in 2017 and 2018 against poorly funded university mental health services. While the underfunding of such
services is undoubtedly exacerbating the problem, I believe that paying for tuition is systematically flawed. Critics argue that tuition reduces students to a commodity, that is, an object of economic value which is part of a transaction. They also contend that, now, universities are in the business of selling students to the labour market. The success of students affords institutions more investment and more international attention. Therefore, it could be argued universities are motivated to train students for high-level jobs rather than educate them. Across the pond, the rise of tuition was accompanied by a transformed understanding of the point of university. A professor of New York State University argues that “as a requirement for competing in the marketplace, educational institutions transformed themselves into country clubs with dazzling technology without much educational value”. In this system, “being trained is much more important than being educated”. Though the cost of tuition in the US is generally higher, a consequence of the lack of government interference in what institutions can charge, in principle the US and English and Welsh systems are the same. Now, students pay educational institutions to equip them with the knowledge and know-how required of them to compete for graduate level jobs. In this topsy-turvy world where pedagogy has turned to profit, a student’s academic performance translates into their value to employers. One consequence of this is that students now derive their self-worth from their academic performance. One vocal critic of this system is Mark Crawford, a postgraduate student union officer at UCL who commented in a 2019 Guardian interview that “driving our universities to act like businesses doesn’t just cannibalise the joy of learning and the social utility of research and teaching; it also makes us ill”. Crawford’s comments have particular resonance in the exam halls at business-driven universi-
ties, where students compete with one another to prove their value to the market, in order to be able to pay back their huge debts. In this Darwinian dystopia, it is perhaps unsurprising that English and Welsh universities are witnessing a spike in mental-health issues. State-funded institutions do not seem to have this problem. Free Swedish Universities, for example, structure examinations and assessments in ways that takes the pressure off students in exams; they tend to have more simplistic grade boundaries, lenient regulations and longer durations than English and Welsh institutions. In Sweden, the traditional written examination in Humanities or Social Sciences is usually between three and five hours long, consists of several 200-word essays and one long essay. And most exams are also written on computers, which enforce a word limit. The grade-boundaries themselves are also much more simplistic. Until recently, students at most Swedish Universities receive either Pass/Fail or Pass with Distinction. And, Students can retake and attain a high grade in exams if they fail the first time, which is very different from England where students are capped to a maximum grade of 40% in a resit. Additionally, qualifying for mitigating circumstances often involves an arduous process of appeal in British academia. Conversely, Swedish students can choose to miss an exam for any reason and attend the retake without penalty. These measures, undoubtedly, help to reduce student anxiety which naturally escalates around exam season. But, more importantly, they are the outcome of a more informal system which treats students as people rather than commodities. University remains a site of growth where students are given room to develop new skills and knowledge to become well-educated. Whereas, with anxiety on the rise in England and Wales, the definition of university as a site of growth is in doubt.
The Long Goodbye: breakup with Nimo Omer discusses Riz Ahmed’s new short film between immigrants and a country Nimo Omer Head Opinion Editor
E
mmy award winning actor and rapper Riz Ahmed recently released his second album, The Long Goodbye - a conceptual piece of art that Ahmed described as a “breakup album, but with your country”. It’s an ambitious, righteously angry, and urgent piece of work that everyone needs to listen to. Ahmed’s album was accompanied by a short film that carried the same title, which followed a South Asian family getting ready for a wedding. In eleven short minutes, Ahmed was able to develop a real sense of authenticity; there was something incredibly genuine and real about the bickering family members, who couldn’t decide where to put the furniture and siblings who won’t carry their weight. There was an unmistakable familiarity; growing up with Indian and Pakistani friends I remember their exasperation when there was a wedding about to happen, as they would tell me about how its just taken over their house and their whole life. There were weeks of preparations for the parties and for the smaller parties before the main party. This was what I had in mind as I was watching The Long Goodbye – it was just a family, like any other. It was perhaps this authenticity that made the following scenes even more difficult to watch, as racist white thugs stormed the
neighbourhood, rounded people up and executed the family on the street. Towards the end of the short film, Riz begins a gritty spoken word style rap, speaking on issues that most first and second generation immigrants can relate to. He highlights the unremitting internal back and forth that exists for so many of us, as he ponders, “maybe I’m from everywhere and no where, no mans land, between
“Maybe I’m from everywhere and no where, no mans land, between trenches, nothing grows there...’ trenches, nothing grows there but its fertilized by the brown bodies that fought for Britain in the wars so when I spit a poppy grows there”. This is a recurrent theme throughout his album; the looming question of belonging when nowhere really wants you. It is a fissure that many of us have not managed to reconcile, as we cling hopefully to a romantic image of a homeland that does not really exist outside the faculties of our
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ISSUE 20 / 16th March 2020 WWW.MANCUNION.COM
Photo: Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government @Flickr
Photo: Gage Skidmore @ Wikimedia Commons
How ‘the North’ became a baseless political football Riz Ahmed’s Britain The Long Goodbye and the fraught relationship that doesn’t seem to want them. imagination, or as we chase a Brit-
we see the crux of the issue. The
ishnessb that was never designed
visceral viewing experience may
to accommodate us in the first
perhaps come across as hyperbol-
place.
ic, overstated, and generally too
“Did they ask you where you’re from?
Like
where
you
much to those who do not have
really
to experience the continual real-
from?” in twelve words Riz Ahmed
ity of state sponsored violence in
tapped into an almost universal-
Britain.
ly shared experience. He goes on
It manifests itself in the form
“the question seems simple but
of the hostile environment poli-
the answer’s kinda long. I could
cies that have been championed
tell em’ Wembley, but I don’t think
by the Home Office, the unrelent-
that’s what they want and I don’t
ing state surveillance via policies
want to tell em’ more cos anything
like Prevent and the exponential
I say is wrong.” These questions are, at this point, almost a rite of
‘“Did they ask you where you’re from?
Muslim (or people perceived as Muslim), with 47% of all religious hate crimes being aimed at Muslims. The truth is, whilst execution style shootings in the middle of
Like where you
the street may seem a long way off from where we are, it is a constant worry in the back of many peo-
really from?”’
ple’s minds, who already have to
passage for those of us who were never seen to fit the mould of Britishness that has been laid out for centuries. Suhaiymah
growth in hate crimes targeting
Manzoor-Khan,
navigate a society that is, at best, indifferent and, at worst, actively a danger to their lives. Riz Ahmed has told the classic tale of a breakup. He chronicles
a poet, writer and podcast host,
the abuse and the toxicity of living
tweeted
to
in a country that not only rejects
Ahmed’s short film her brother
you but rejects your very human-
asked, “do you think our white
ity. While The Lost Goodbye is a
friends watch and see that as an
dystopia of sorts it also manag-
exaggeration? Do you think they
es to hold up a mirror to Britain,
realise we think about it all the
showing the country exactly what
time?” and it is here we see that
it’s become and where it is going.
that
in
response
The government seems to be patting themselves on the back for finally offering a glass of water to those communities starving in the North of England and beyond, argues George Walker George Walker Deputy Opinion Editor
O
n Wednesday, the MP for Richmond and North Yorkshire and now Chancellor of the Exchequer, Rishi Sunak, stood at the dispatch box enthusiastically reeling off new spending in the latest budget. Delivering the speech, Sunak seemed well-oiled, computerised, and no-nonsense. A perfect lap dog for enforcer-in-chief Dominic Cummings. Pledges included half a trillion pounds of nationwide investment to help reverse over a decade of austerity, including six billion to re-energise the NHS at a time of global coronavirus panic, investment in capital spending of six hundred billion over the next five years to revive broken communities, and even an increase in business rate discounts for pubs! The sound of Tory Tanks rolling into Labour territory in the North and Midlands’ proverbial “red wall” is almost deafening. And yet, it’s hard to see past this piece of baseless politicking. The government seems to be patting themselves on the back for finally offering a glass of water to those communities starving in the North of England and beyond. It would be impossible to boil down and try to explain the inadequacy of the new government, and their almost mocking hubris after a decade of austerity. Therefore, I’ll focus on a few test cases in the North East of England, where I’m from. In last December’s general election, the Conservatives made electoral headway in historically unchartered territories. From the jaws of Labour they snatched seats such as the former mining metropolis Blyth Valley, Tony Blair’s former seat in Sedgefield, as well as Redcar, Darlington, Stockton South, and Bishop Auckland. The debate over the how and why is a lesson the Labour party
will have to wrestle with and quickly, with the new leader facing an enormous uphill task of reinstating its Northern base. What I’m concerned with is the real changes these communities will experience from this government. What is Johnson’s quid pro quo for those voters that even he admitted will be lending the party their votes on a one-time occasion? To start, let us not underestimate the deprivation caused by the previous three governments, and how this austerity has disproportionately affected the North and the North East. A study early last year by the Institute for Public Policy Research estimated that more than 130,000 deaths could have been prevented in the United Kingdom, were it not for the Draconian butchering of the welfare state by previous Conservative governments. The impact of austerity has been particularly concentrated in post-industrial communities in the North East, which have been essentially left to rot. The 2019 Indices of Deprivation has shown that the Middlesbrough area has the highest number of deprived households, and in terms of the top ten percent of income deprivation areas in the North East like Hartlepool, Redcar and Stockton seem to reappear over and over. Households in these areas in the North East are also disproportionately affected in terms of employment deprivation, health and disability deprivation, and income deprivation affecting children. Superficially, the new budget screams unprecedented fiscal stimulus, an ideological reverse away from austerity, and a closing of the regional divide with Sunak waxing lyrical about a Treasury led “new economic campus” in the North. However, for all its promises, looked at as a whole, it offers nothing like the changes needed to re-energise the North and the North East.
While the budget is somewhat remarkable for its changes in infrastructure spending, on taxation and welfare it is remarkably, but unsurprisingly, regressive. The government’s own data shows that those benefiting most from this budget’s changes in taxation come from the upper income deciles. For example, in a table from the government’s ‘Impact on households’ document, it can be seen that households in the upper quartile of income earners benefit significantly from new taxation in terms of increased cash per year, with the lowest paid groups actually losing money. Additionally, the recent local government spending settlement has seen a spending cut for the North East in comparison to huge pledges made to the South East. From the government’s key information for local authorities for the local government finance settlement in 2020-21, it is clear that the North East is just another constituent for Westminster bigwigs to pander to in their game of political power. The document reveals that regions in the South East such as Essex, Surrey, and Kent will be getting percentage increases of over one hundred percent with Kent getting as much as 138.4 percent. Whereas places like Hartlepool and Redcar and Cleveland will receive increases in the tens, with Stockton on Tees even getting as low as a 2.4 per cent increase. Despite excessive bluster and spin, this government is actively perpetuating regional inequalities, the new spending pledges of the budget clearly disproportionately favour the South East, and reinstate regressive taxation. The age of austerity has left a legacy of inequality and deprivation that only a massive restructuring of investment and political power across the country can engender. This government is nowhere near the mark.
12 Societies
Photo : Ellie Martin
Ellie Martin Socities Editor
W
e’ve arrived at the end of another year of print here at The Mancunion, so I managed to grab 10 minutes with extremely busy Editor-in-Chief and Head of Manchester Media Group, Anja Samy, to discuss her time at the paper. First things first, we had to establish if she is as big of a hummus enthusiast as her predecessor Ethan Davies, who was snacking during his end of year interview. “I grew up in Germany and the only kind of hummus you could get was Spar brand hummus, so i’m a big fan of that brand, even though I know it’s maybe not the best kind of hummus out there.” She said her favourite way to eat hummus was with an entire bag of Walker’s Thai Sweet Chilli Sensations, which is unorthodox, but this is not Anja’s only controversial opinion about food. Anja and me have been in a months-long debate about whether you should put the beans or the cheese first on a baked potato, an office favourite
ISSUE 20 / 16th March 2020 WWW.MANCUNION.COM
Wrinkles and cheese : an interview with Editor-in-Chief Anja Samy Ellie Martin sits down with Anja Samy, Editor-in-Chief of The Mancunion and Head of Manchester Media Group, to discuss her year at the paper and argue over the right order of a beans and cheese baked potato. here at The Mancunion. You can read my full discussion in the food section of this issue, but in my opinion, Anja is on the wrong side of the debate as someone who thinks that cheese should come first. Just wrong. “It’s this year’s burrito,” she jokes - referring to the long and detailed investigation The Mancunion conducted of the best burritos in Manchester. We talked about her high points from this year of publication: “I really like the freedom that comes from the fact that we’re all students, it’s made by students for students, so whatever we think is interesting we can cover.” In her opinion, “the best new thing is our horoscopes - Madame Le Magique Bus and Mystic Meg’s Cat have done some good work.” The horoscope section, which she writes using predictive text, has been Anja’s new addition to the paper, starting as a joke on her phone. “They’re my stamp on the paper and I hope they continue next year.” We publish around 80 articles between print and online, so it would have been unfair to ask Anja for a favourite, but some things that stood out to her
were our brilliant Art Editor’s ‘Is It Art series’, particularly the house with too many plugs and Nancy Rothwell looking at things. “Doing the SKUM piece has been a big learning curve for us, and I’m really proud of how much work went into as a team.” Anja explained that the team learned a lot from this investigation in the University’s Ski and Snowboard club, especially with regards to how to “sensitively cover things”. The article has also been nominated for Best News Story at the national Student Publication Association Awards (SPA) this year: “[The article] is one I’ll look back on as a really high moment for the paper, because no one else would report on those things which is why student news is so important.” The Mancunion has been nominated for the second year in a row for Best Publication in the National SPA Awards, having also won Best Publication in the North at the Regional SPA Awards - a credit to Anja and the whole team. When asked about where she sees The Mancu-
nion going in the next few years, Anja responded, “controversially I don’t think print is the future. I don’t
think that physical print copies are the sole focus of journalism anymore, so I’m really excited to see how The Mancunion gains more of an online presence and more of a multi-media presence in the years to come.” On a more personal note, we talked about what Anja has gained personally from the role. “More wrinkles”, she laughed. “I’ve learnt a lot about what people really care about. Student’s are so invested in the world around them and it always impresses me how often we have to report on a student campaign, and how passionate students are about trying to fix the world. There was a point last semester where every single issue had about four or five protests in it, and I’m hoping that continues.” We’re winding down now as we finish print for the semester, but Anja will be as busy as ever. She’ll start preparing to appoint and train next year’s team, as well as continue to publish online content and work with Fuse Fm and Fuse TV. I’m assuming she’ll also continue to eat baked potatoes cheese first, but some people can’t be changed.
Advocacy groups express concern about lack of representation in new exec team
The new University of Manchester SU executive team has been critisised for a lack of representation for disabled and LGBTQ+ students. Ellie Martin Socities Editor
C
ampaign and advocacy groups at UoM have expressed concerns about the diversity of the new exec team. While it has been reported as the most diverse SU executive in the country in terms of its BAME makeup and international background, none of the newly elected executives openly identified as LGBTQ+ or disabled during their campaigns. This has provoked a public reaction over social media from the UoM Disabled Students and the UoM Trans Campaign, both of who have expressed frustration at the lack of representation in the executive. Particular concerns have been raised over the new Liberation and Access officer Yueru Du, who made no reference to disabled students or trans students throughout her campaign. These are two of the main groups of students that come under the remit of Liberation and Access Officer. The UoM Disabled Students Campaign made efforts to contact Yueru during her campaign in order to discuss her plans to improve campus for disabled students. Unfortunately she didn’t respond before she was elected. After she had been elected to the position she
responded to emails sent by the campaign, but refused a face to face meeting on grounds of university workload. She did however respond to their email with plans that the Disabled Student’s Campaign said they felt was patronising and showed a lack of awareness of the issues disabled student’s face on campus. In her email, Ms. Du said she would “Provide mental health counseling for disabled students to help them build confidence and face life more positively and courageously”. “I don’t think courage is the issue here.” said Jess, a Disabled Student Part Time Officer from the campaign. The response made no reference to any kind plans to improve accessibility. Jess reported that there is a general feeling of genuine worry and distress amongst the group for their welfare come the next academic year. They are not confident that the new officer has the appropriate awareness to help improve the lives of disabled students at UoM. Jess says that the group are now taking preventative measures by preparing safeguarding policies to put through senate before the beginning of next year, in order to prevent any disruption to disbaled student’s lives on campus.
The UoM Trans Campaign have responded similarly with worries about Ms. Du’s campaign, expressing concern that there was no mention of trans rights in any of her campaign materials. They also received an email from her after her election to the role, stating that she would campaign for more gender neutral toilets and sensitivity training for university staff. While they were slightly reassured by her response, they felt that her ideas were extremely surface level and showed a lack of awareness to-
wards deeper issues facing trans students. “It shouldn’t be the job of the part time officers to educate someone who’s gone for the role on what they need to be doing.” said Rosa, a Part Time Trans Officer. Both groups said they are trying to stay optimistic, and said they are willing to work with Ms. Du and the rest of the exec team on their policies. The exec officers are due to take up their positions in summer for the coming academic years 2020/21. Photo : UoM SU
Horoscopes 16.03.2020- 22.03.2020 Predictive text predictions from Madame Le Busse Magique Sagittarius (23.11-21.12)
Capricorn (22.12 - 19.01)
Aquarius (20.01 - 19.02)
The answer to all your problems will be discovered
The number of times you crossed the road
You will find youself barking at the impending
during the best and weirdest nap of your life.
yesterday is how many secret admirers you have.
doom. Bake cookies.
Best hope you didn’t stay in.
Pisces (20.02 - 20.03)
Aries (21.03 - 20.04)
Taurus (21.04 - 20.05)
Having a tough time? Order a takeway, order a big
Take 7 deep breaths , turn around, touch the
This week you will overcome a great obstacle. You
takeaway. You deserve that takeaway.
ground and crawl slowly into bed. Things will get
will feel fulfilled and triumphant - relish in it whilst
better.
you still can.
Gemini (21.05 - 20.06)
Cancer (21.06 - 22.07)
Leo (23.07 - 22.08)
What is the use of a beautiful face if you don’t show it
Don’t be a grey sprinkle on a rainbow cake. This
Your houseplants are sad this week. They would
to the world. Get yourself out there sister!
week you will sparkle.
appreciate it if you sing to them.
Virgo (23.08 - 22.09)
Libra (23.09 - 22.10)
Scorpio (23.10 - 22.11)
Be wary of the hallucinations. Listen
Stop checking your phone for notifications. Check
You will tunnel under the earth and find the object
carefully and you will hear the bumble bees.
yourself.
of your heart’s desire. Keep it close by at all times.
Shhhh...
Down 1. Deadly disease that causes severe bleeding (5) 2. ‘Catch it, bin it, kill it’ posters got wheeled out for this
Crossword Puzzle Sophie Johnson Puzzles Editor
porky virus in 2009 (5,3) 3. Bacterium spread by rats in the middle ages, symptoms include lumps and bumps (3,5,5) 5. Bacteria spread through dirty drinking water, will make you spew (7) 7. Disease of the past causing rash and blistering; tiny + virus (5,3)
Across 3. Disease who shares its initials with the acronym for throw-back (12) 4. A 90s baby, a virus with wings (5-3) 5. Pandemic currently causing hand sanitizer and toilet paper shortages (6,5) 6. Spread during the 2016 Olympic games, this outbreak was particularly harmful in pregnant women (4,5) 8. Outbreak during WW1, disease named after the home of
9. Pandemic starting in the 80s, famously killed Freddie
chorizo (7,3)
Mercury (3)
Inside What comes first - the The UoM based zine creating a space Is it Art? French Culture beans or the cheese?: 27 for blackness, beauty, and community: 26 Orbeez Bath: 24 Photo: Tony Hisgett @ Wikimedia commons
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THE
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Photo: Vled Music Festival @ Flickr
Line ups, Locations and Living it Up: A 2020 Festival Guide Best Kept Secret Beekse Bergen, Netherlands 12th - 14th June
H
eadlined by The National, The Strokes and Massive Attack, this years edition of Best Kept Secret is not one to be overlooked for lovers of indie music. The line up is perhaps one of the most diverse and yet solid offerings across Europe, sprawling the various genre blends from electronic, alternative, rock and beyond. A festival that can stage so many critically acclaimed acts from the lat 20 years is exciting. Where else can you match quality acts, stunning locations and all alongside upcoming bands such as Black Midi and Fontaines D.C.? If you are tired of fighting through the mud and rain this festival could be the one for you. - Cameron Taylor
2000 Trees Cheltham 9th - 11th July
B
y far the best festival I have ever attended, from small humble begins, with camps of the best UK bands of the last 20 years establishing camp (Literally there is a Camp Reuben, and a Camp Frank Turner, who headlined it on many occasions). With it blossoming into a large scale is now one of the most successful festivals, whilst maintaining focus on the independent music scene in history, has a phenomenal line up including: emo legends “The Get Up Kids”, anti-folk icon “Beans on Toast” and Bristol’s own “The St. Pierre Snake Invasion”, this is a fierce line up for an awesome festival experience. - Blake Crompton
Parklife Heaton Park, Manchester 13th and 14th June
A
staple of Manchester, for 2020 Parklife has packed its eight stages with an almost frenzied, genre-bending mix of acts. Saturday’s main stage follows Charlie XCX with Giggs and Jorga Smith with Tyler, The Creator. Not only does it bring world renowned music to Manchester for the weekend, the festivals clean up team works with local authorities to bring Heaton Park’s beauty back the following week. This year promises to be the biggest ever and upwards of 8,000 festival goers will experience the joy and cacophony this year. – Jack Burnett
Folk and Boat Festival Middlewich 17th- 21st of June
O
nly forty minutes from Manchester, this small town of around 14,000 people have seen some big bands come through their festival. Organised around the canals flowing through the town, featuring live music in the towns many pubs, this year’s line-up features artists such as Scouting for Girls and Toyah. With each night situated around a theme this is far from your average small-town festival and certainly worth looking into. – Reece Ritchie
Music 17
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End of the Road Festival Wilstshire 3rd- 6th September
O
ne of the later festivals in the summer and the perfect one to round off the festival season, it runs from the 3rd to the 6th of September. You can relax in the gardens during the day with anything from up-and-coming Indie-rock and Folk artists to well-known legends as you enjoy the award-winning food, views and the occasional peacock. Headlining this year, the festival boasts of Pixies and King Krule whilst being brave enough to welcome back Warmduscher after an infamously wild set two years ago. It’s the perfect small festival to discover new bands during the day and then do karaoke with them at night. - Fiona McCudden
Green Man Festival Breacon Beacons 20th - 23rd August
N
estled in the quiet scenery of the Brecon Beacons, Green Man is definitely one of Wale’s hidden gems. This year’s stellar line up includes the likes of Michael Kiwanuka, Caribou, Mac Demarco and Parquet Courts. Whether its up-and-coming indie bands, alternative folk or heavy dance music, Green Man’s line up always has something for everyone. Just remember to pack your wellies.
Houghton ArcTanGent
King’s Lynn 6th-8th August
Somerset 20th - 22nd August
L
ast year extreme weather conditions meant that the festival was called off last minute. Some acts like Giant Steps would only find thisout after they had already made the long trip to King’s Lynn. Co-founder Craig Richards is optimistic, saying that this learning curve means that missing the 2019 instalment “only deepened his commitment to making this festival the unique celebration of music, art and good times that it is”. The first announcements, Ricado Villabos and Helena Hauff, are a testament to the eclectic, genre spanning lineups the festival is famous for and this year is crucial for Houghton to cement its reputation from years past.
T
his festival, since its inception has been the premier prog, heavy and all-around abnormal music moment focusing on the more experimental outskirts of heavy music. With the likes of SWANS, Raketkanon and The Samuel Jackson Five preforming this year. Once a small muddy field near a farm at the onset of 2010s, is now a large-scale experience rich in the niche and zany slices of UK music festival, and one of the best representatives of underground music internationally. An ideal place for the fuzz heavy and spaced out of all musicians.
110 Above Leicestershire 13th -16th August
1
00 Above is set in the backdrop of the picturesque Gopsall Hall Farm. In its 11th year, 110 Above never fails to showcase the biggest bands of the indie rock industry in a more intimate setting. It is an incredibly small festival, at an affordable price, making it effortlessly easy to discover your new favourite band. In 2020, The Amazons and Sundara Karma take centre stage, joined by the likes of up and coming rockers Sports Team and the fiery YONAKA. Moreover, the line-up is great in highlighting the newest artists on the scene, such as The Mysterines, Paris Youth Foundation and Alfie Templeman - Jess Foster
18 Music
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Top 5 Tracks Your Music Editors talk you through the top 5 tracks that need to be on your radar this week
‘City of Love’ - Deacon Blue
This piano-led track from Glaswegian pop-rock group Deacon Blue is a take on the creative combining of a driving drum beat and rising orchestral strings with a pop-centric aim. From the opening seconds, there is a sense that the track has a huge scale and stadium-sized anthemic quality at heart. The vocal harmonies of Lorraine McIntosh alone pepper the track with an everlasting contrast of soprano elegance against the harsher vocal register of Ricky Ross. A huge track from a band that have maintained and retained more than just their ‘dignity’!
‘We Grew Up on Fear’ Gabrielle Kirk
This track strikes right to the point for third-year student psychist turned pop songwriter Gabrielle Kirk. A synthy hum of sound swills about Gabrielle’s gentle vocals as it grows towards a punchy guitar riff that leads the track towards its chorus. The track is another example of Kirk’s self-production work, combining experimental use of harmonies, cutting and mastering sound in a way that sounds DIY and yet intoxicatingly ambitious. Her lyrics have a personal touch that is endearing and emphasise her strive towards the language of rebellion to convey her fears and frustration.
‘SPORTS!’ - Dream Wife
Coronavirus and cancellations: Navigating complaints in a crisis From insurance policies to local venues the Coronavirus is affecting all areas of the music industry as detailed by Reece Ritchie and Blake Crompton Reece Ritchie & Blake Crompton Music Writers
T
he music industry has not been immune to the impact of the coronavirus with the cancellation of a string of gigs. The Who have postponed a UK tour, while other big acts like Madonna, Stormzy and BTS have also cancelled concerts. Even across the pond Californian festival Coachella has been postponed and South by South West festival (SXSW) was cancelled for the first time in 34 years. Now hundreds of bands, most from the independent scenes of their respective countries, have been left hanging - Pigsx7 had to cancel additional gigs in New York and Los Angeles following the cancellation of SXSW. There are also concerns over what other festivals could be affected. How-
ever, last week Glastonbury organiser Emily Eavis said she was pressing ahead with the 50th anniversary festival.
“The underground music scene is being dealt a a hefty blow yet again” American musician Laura Jane Grace tweeted that some bands were cancelling because their insurers were altering contracts to not cover damage done by the virus. This was confirmed by Neil Anderson, the tour manager of Scottish rock band Biffy Clyro.
Gigs picks this week 16.03.2020-22.03.2020
Not only could this be incredibly damaging to the industry it could also cause a backlog of dates with many shows being pushed back, resulting in massive expenses for artists and already struggling independent venues. The underground music scene is being dealt a a hefty blow yet again following the Brexit complications which made international touring into UK an ever harder process. Some of the most innovative venues in Manchester, including the Academy, Yes and even Satan’s Hollow, have had difficulties with bookings. Although there have been underlying restrictions and cancellations of various events, both big and small, it is important to remember that safety measures are the utmost priority. Many of the events announced as cancelled are set to be rescheduled and ticketholders should keep updated using official ticket outlets.
A pop punk powerhouse of a return for this three piece band who have focused their release around epic scale and athletic imagery. With a loud screech of guitars we are given the first glimpse of their return before Rakel’s distinctive sing spiel rings. Her mid range vocals powerfully deliver the instructions with a satirical spin on rules to live by. Crafted and created with artistic expression first, this track does not ask permission for women in music to exist but simply takes what it demands. A sure footed strike out, sparky lyrics and a vivacious, riot of a music video make for a much needed leap to a punk powerful beat.
‘Flood’ - Larkins
An atmospheric indie-pop anthem in the making can be found in the latest release from Manchester-based four-piece, Larkins who have gone from strength to strength with their recent run of UK dates and an impactful 2019 with regards to music output. The band has a sound comparable to the likes of Everything Everything in their use of synth and echoing vocals with catchy lyrics that rise over the track. The band recently became the first unsigned act to sell out Manchester’s Academy 1 and are set to play a string of dates on their “Before the flood” tour.
‘I Disagree’ - Poppy
There is something infectiously pop-punk about the performance and guitar power chords that rip through this hysterical and yet remarkably human, emotive track from internet cyber star Poppy. The singer has raised controversy with her unblinking, robotically sub-human portrayal on her previous album and in her online persona across platforms including YouTube.
16th March The Who @ Manchester Arena
19th March Louise @ O2 Ritz
17th March The Regrettes @ Manchester Gorilla
20th March My Nu Leng @ Manchester Academy 2
18th March Seed Ensemble @ Band on the Wall
21st March The Jesus and Mary Chain @ Albert Hall
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ISSUE 20 / 16th March 2020 WWW.MANCUNION.COM
Sam Bronheim reviews Birmingham Royal Ballet’s Swan Lake at The Lowry Sam Bronheim Theatre Writer
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sk anyone: Swan Lake is an iconic story. Everyone knows the music and has a vague idea about the plot, even if they’ve never actually been to see it. I had the pleasure of attending the Birmingham Royal Ballet’s adaptation of this iconic piece and was left feeling nostalgic and impressed The first act somewhat dragged, which tends to happen with ballet as it’s really important to establish context since there is no dialogue. I thought the opening ensemble dances were a little out of sync, but the dancing from Prince Siegfried‘s friend Benno (Tzu-Chao Chou) was superb. The second act explains how
Siegfried (César Morales) and Odette (Momoko Hirata) meet for the first time, which happens after he sees her transform from a swan to a princess. I was really looking forward to seeing how they might have done this on stage but was left a little disappointed and frankly confused. It was difficult to tell when she was a swan and when she was human. In ballet, the dancers use their arms a lot, but it made it hard to tell the difference between the typical elegance of the dance style and swan-mode. That said, as an ensemble of swans, whether they were human or not made no difference to the incredible dancing. They came on stage one after the other, completely in sync with the music, seemingly never-ending – it was like watching a magician pull a string of scarves
out of a hat. By the end, there were 19 dancers dotted around the stage in perfect formation. They moved as a gorgeous, white, sparkling mass. After having my spirits slightly lifted in Act Two, Act Three took an even better turn. The setting was Siegfried’s birthday ball - the costumes were very beautiful, and the dancing even more so. Whilst I also loved the nod to other cultures in this act, the dancing between Morales and Hirata stood out the most. It was romantic and intimate and of course, the dancing was remarkably well choreographed. Their dance culminated in a burst of endless pirouetting from Odette, which had the audience either on their feet or gasping in amazement – I would give you an exact number of turns, but I was too astonished.
After a short interval, the curtains pulled up for Act Four to reveal a thick layer of fog. The audience waited in anticipation and were rewarded when the entire troupe of swans rose from the fog. I’ll admit – it was one of the coolest things I’ve ever seen on stage. After opting for a pretty simple set – understandable since they had at most twenty dancers on stage at once – it was great to see the use of other elements like this. That oh-so iconic Tchaikovsky score, beautiful ballet and a passionate story with a tragic ending (spoiler: they both die) is the formula for a standing ovation. Bravo, Birmingham Royal Ballet; I look forward to seeing what they bring to The Lowry next. Birmingham Royal Ballet continues its UK tour until next month.
Review: Vogue Ball of Atlantis
House of Suarez. Photo: Photocad.
Theatre writer Lily Rosenberg and Theatre Editor Jay Darcy review Vogue Ball of Atlantis at Manchester Academy, which was hosted by Rikki Beadle-Blair MBE Lily Rosenburg and Jay Darcy Theatre Writer and Theatre Editor
Overview by Lily Rosenberg
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lthough I am a fan of Drag Race and have watched the film Paris is Burning multiple times, my expectations of the night were nowhere near what I imagined. Jay had texted me earlier in the week to instruct me to be “colourful”. I comprehended that as a literal and physical need to wear bright colours, an attempt I made with a few clips in my hair and eyeshadow, but it was nothing compared to the night’s colourful love for life I saw. Other than Los Angeles Pride, I have never felt so included in an event I wasn’t actually actively taking part in. The crowd was a cornucopia of ages, sexes, and
bodies, and it made the overwhelming theme of self-love and love for humans even more fitting. Throughout the night, I slowly lost my voice as I yelled out “YASS” or comments about how beautiful the people strutting the runway were. After loudly admiring the bodies on stage, mostly the dancers’ perfect butts, I befriended a group next to me who I danced with and chatted with as if we were lifelong friends. I hugged them before I left. This was Vogue Ball. A night filled with love for life itself and made me rethink how much I do to represent who I am and what I believe in during my daily life. The event was hosted by the incredible Rikki Beadle-Blair MBE who The Mancunion has previously interviewed. The House of Noir, whom I thought deserved the overall crown, brought looks that were really creative in ways of inclu-
sion. During the lip-sync section, a member of the House threw off her fur coat to reveal trousers resembling Janelle Monáe’s iconic vagina pants from her ‘Pynk’ music video as she lip-synced to a remix of the song. That is when I lost my voice. Not only was it a lipsync Ru Paul would be proud of, it represented what this generation is about : embracing our bodies and the future.
Highlights by Jay Darcy
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his is the second Vogue Ball I’ve attended, having attended the Se7en Deadly Sins Ball at Manchester Academy 2 in 2018. In 2019, the event was moved to the much bigger Manchester Academy, where it also played at this year. There were so many incredible Houses and performances, but some deserve a special men-
tion. As Lily noted, House of Noir killed it with the looks and performances. CC Noir really killed her Janelle Monáe lip-sync - and Janelle, herself, loved it, reposting my video onto her story and commenting “slay meeeeee.” Thiago
Tardivo
and
Lucy
McGrellis performed an XXXtra wet Little Mermaid-inspired lip sync of Fergie’s ‘Clumsy’, which ruined my childhood in the best way possible. I immediately recognised the adorable Luke Arrowsmith from House of Korrupt, whose femme style of voguing I just love. House of Viva Brasil (AKA Viva Brasil Samba Show) once again brought sexy Latin energy to the stage. Lastly, we must give it up for Darren Suarez of the hosting house, House of Suarez (who also won the ball), who is to thank for these wonderful balls. Stay tuned for more of their events.
The Diversity of Dance
Review: Birmingham Royal Ballet’s Swan Lake
Photo: Birmingham Royal Ballet
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ISSUE 20 / 16th March 2020 WWW.MANCUNION.COM
Cracks in the Silver Screen: Photo: Mihai Surdu @ Pixabay
Opinion: Can we separate the art from the artist?
In light of the raft of sexual misconduct allegations within the film industry, Zofia Gryf-Lowczowska discusses whether or not we truly can separate art from its artist Zofia Gryf-Lowczowska Film Writer
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n recent years it feels as though the film industry has been plagued with scandals; the majority involving misogyny and sexual misconduct. However, rather than signifying a surge in sexual abuse, this is actually due to more people, especially women, having the confidence to speak out and report offences. Sexual abuse has long been present in the film industry, but for years it has been hidden under the mask of patriarchy in a sorely male-dominated industry. Unless you’ve been living under a rock for the last three years, you will have heard of the #MeToo movement. The #MeToo movement, which encourages victims of sexual abuse to speak out by promoting strength in numbers, has played a pivotal role in bringing sex offenders to account. Starting in the film industry, the movement has since taken effect in the spheres of music, science, academia and politics. What the movement brought to light, alongside some of the atrocious crimes committed by prominent members of the film industry, was the systematic failure to bring offenders to justice sooner. Certain directors and producers were able to continuously manipulate the people they worked with and repeatedly get away with sexual harassment. The most famous case is obviously that of Harvey Weinstein, who has since been convicted of sexual assault and third-degree rape and sentenced to 23 years in prison. Since his crimes were brought to light, numerous actors and directors alike have said that, had they known of his crimes, they never would have worked with him.
“There are no blurred lines when it comes to Polanski; he’s a convicted rapist, yet the film industry continues to place his work on a pedestal” However, despite this, the film industry continues to celebrate the work of convicted offenders. Most recently,
at the annual César Awards in France, Roman Polanski, who is convicted of the statutory rape of a 13-year-old girl, was named best director. His most recent film J’Accuse ( An Officer and A Spy ) was nominated in 12 categories, and won two. This caused several French actresses to storm out of the ceremony, among them Adèle Haenel, herself a victim of sexual harassment. What’s more, a protest sparked outside the ceremony, with supporters of the #MeToo movement complaining that the movement had not had enough effect in France, especially among French cinema’s elite circles. There are no blurred lines when it comes to Polanski; he’s a convicted rapist, yet the film industry continues to place his work on a pedestal. This leads us to question whether it is possible to separate art from its artist; that is, with regard to cinema, is it acceptable to watch films created by convicted offenders? One argument is that art should always be separate from the artist. That is to say, judge a film based on the film alone; the plot, the content, the themes analysed in the film, and forget about who created it. This thesis seems appealing if the argument is reversed; a film who’s plot and dialogue promotes violence, sexism or paedophilia is unacceptable, regardless of how lovely a person the director may be. Can the same reasoning be applied when the situation is the other way around? What, in my opinion, most strongly refutes this argument, is the injustice we do to victims of sexual abuse if we continue to celebrate the work of their offenders. Firstly, when we watch films created by offenders, we place our enjoyment of that film above the suffering of the victims. It is as if to say, I am sorry you were raped, but this guy’s film is bringing me two hours of entertainment. Secondly, films are made to be viewed, and without an audience cinema is a dead art form. Therefore, the act of watching someone’s film is an act of celebration of their art. Thus, by watching films made by sex offenders, we support them both financially and by giving them credit as an artist. It is easy to criticise award ceremonies when they name a sex offender best director, but harder to take responsibility when we feel like watching their film. In continuing to watch films of convicted offenders we undermine movements such as the aforementioned #MeToo and belittle the bravery of victims that have spoken out. Furthermore, this highlights the higher question of whether or not it is actually possible to truly separate art
from its artist? It is impossible to ignore the fact that personal experiences and circumstances, be it nationality, class or religion, shape the way an artist thinks, and this is reflected in their work. An artist’s life inevitably influences their work, thus there is an intrinsic link between the art and the artist. If not a product of the artist, what is the art a product of? This leads to the question of, in the case of film, who the artist actually is. Whereas with paintings and sculptors there is usually one definitive person to point to, films are the sum of the work of many people. This is where for me personally the line becomes blurred; if we boycott films produced by Weinstein, do we overlook the work of the actors and directors that made a greater artistic contribution to the film? Similarly, by refusing to watch films starring Mel Gibson, who pleaded no contest to a misdemeanour battery charge after an incident involving his ex girlfriend Oksana Grigorieva in 2011, are we suggesting that he is the real artist behind the film, instead of the director?
“If we boycott films produced by Weinstein, do we overlook the work of the actors and directors that made a greater artistic contribution to the film?” What is clearly unacceptable is if we pick and choose when to separate the art and the artist; it is easy for those who have never heard a song by R. Kelly to tell others they shouldn’t listen to his music, but far harder for fans of The Pianist to encourage a Polanski boycott. In order to properly respect the cause of #MeToo and show respect towards the victims of sexual abuse we need to be consistent in our approach. Overall, I believe in order to make positive changes in the film industry it is necessary to recognise the fact that films are a product of their director, and it is unacceptable to continue praising the work of those that have caused people so much pain. If we continue to watch films created by offenders, we do a disservice to their victims and prohibit movements such as #MeToo from having real effect.
ISSUE 20 / 16th March 2020 WWW.MANCUNION.COM
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Why the film industry is flawed Opinion: The finicky fight for short films, funding, and finding resources
Photo: Joshua Wilson @ Pixabay
Deputy Music Editor Georgina Davidson examines the difficulties in creating, distributing and funding short films ahead of Manchester’s Lift Off 2020 Film Festival Georgina Davidson Deputy Music Editor
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he creation of a piece of short film, whether fictional or based on fact, can often become a challenging journey through the various demands and abilities to push through difficulties. Pressure on time and resources can fundamentally have a strong economic impact, whether healthy or detrimental, on these films. The ability to distribute film has only become more abundantly available – just a quick search can reveal the expansive use of social media, Netflix, Amazon Prime, and other online platforms keen to provide new, original content at faster, regular rates to a wider audience. Gone is the all wielding power of Hollywood and huge economic pressures to create feature length, colossal tales. Frankly, the amount of unnecessary remakes and unrelenting desire of studios to sell out and grow the span of archaic tales appears to be causing audiences to switch off. Just months earlier during his satirical stint as host of Golden Globes, Ricky Gervais quipped tellingly: “No one goes to the cinema anymore… This show should just be me going ‘Well done Netflix. You win everything. Good night.’ But no, we’ve got to drag it out for three hours.” Of course this is not quite how the award show eventually played out, but it was just one example of a hit back at the Hollywood film industry and its contemporary creators. There is just something that’s quite tangibly exciting about the potential of Netflix original films and series. At it’s conception there were doubters who could not see the delight of the peppered internet space which offered the opportunity for
smaller, lower budget offerings to finally come to light in new and exciting ways — inspiring a new generation of film makers to see the possibilities of film and the potential of their storytelling.
“The ability to distribute film has only become more abundantly available” Having made a short film myself as part of my undergraduate degree, I discovered that it was an artistically rewarding and culturally enlightening process, even if it was, at times, tricky to plan for. It took hours alone to film my 3 minute creation. There has to be consideration about how different audiences might be view and perceive it with regards to distribution. However, as one of my heroes of filmmaking Andrei Tarkovsky once said: “Relating a person to the whole world: that is the meaning of cinema.” Using this to guide the way you might consider making film, it kind of clears the pathway a little. Tarkovsky’s words resonate with me because his statement puts the passions, thoughts, and interests of your own individual exploration first. The enemy of creating an engaging film is trying to write for the masses and seeking to tell a story that you think people will like or will garner interest. Although funding can often be a tricky element to master
and balance, it is, however, promising to see festivals, such as Manchester Lift Off 2020, which promote new UK short films and international filming projects. Described as “a unique channel consisting of eleven global cities and an on-demand platform”, this creative network intends to provide unique insight into the possibilities of alternative global distribution by allowing creatives to take their work to the next stage of competing in the wider film market effectively. The festival is a showcase of some of their latest season of creative projects and is just one of many opportunities to catch some talents that have yet to break through into the wider market. Taking this time to view this work now could provide crucial encouragement and space for the artist to grow, develop and create a network of creators for huge features of the future.
Opinion: The continued success of Roman Polanski is a stain on the film industry
The film industry will not make any progress in overcoming a culture of rape and assault so long as Roman Polanski continues to be successful, argues Kate Jackson Photo: Classic Film @ Flickr
Kate Jackson Chief Sub-Editor
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oman Polanski has been on the run from American authorities for over 40 years after admitting the statutory rape of a 13-year-old Samantha Gailey in 1977. Polanski has since faced numerous allegations of rape and sexual assault. But unbelievably, given the cultural revolution of the MeToo movement, the Franco-Polish director has continued to make films and be celebrated for his work. His recent Best Director win at the Césars Awards, the French equivalent of the Oscars, for his film J’Accuse (An Officer and a Spy ), was seen as a huge slap in the face to feminist activists in France, with prominent women in the French film industry walking out of the ceremony when his win was announced. This walkout included actress Adèle Haenel who has recently revealed she was sexually abused as a child by another director. Haenel shouted “shame!” as she left and was later heard saying, “bravo paedophelia!”, in the lobby of the Salle Pleyel, where the awards ceremony was held. Feminist groups in France have been critical of the Césars since the 12 nominations for Polanski’s film were announced, leading to a protest outside of the venue before and after the ceremony. Polanski did not attend the event saying he feared a
“feminist lynching”. Alexis Poulin, a French journalist, said the award reveals a deep cultural problem in French society: “Polanski fled and found refuge in France. In France, we accept rapists on the run because they’re artists. It’s a problem of French society.” And while that certainly may be true in France, with many showing support for Polanski by choosing to focus on his ‘art’ rather than his private life – as former actress Bridgette Bardot did on Twitter – the blatant disregard for Polanski’s crimes extends across the film industry.
“Plenty of actors and actresses have worked with Polanski in the 40 years since he admitted to the rape of a minor” Plenty of actors and actresses have worked with Polanski in the 40 years since he admitted to the rape of a minor, including Kate Winslet, who talked of her “extraordinary experience” she had working with him, explaining: “you put it to one side and just work with the person”. Winslet has since talked about the “bitter regrets” she has about working with certain individuals in the industry, saying: “Sexual abuse is a crime, it lies with all of us to listen to the smallest of voices”. If only she knew beforehand? But, of course, she did know. There is no ignorance in this case, not like for those who worked with Harvey Weinstein before his crimes were unveiled; there are ‘no small voices’ needed when it comes to Polanski – his crimes are clear for everyone to see. And Winslet is not the only one who can make excuses for
this known rapist. Quentin Tarantino went beyond working with Polanski and instead tried to defend Polanski’s admitted rape of a 13-year-old girl. Talking to Howard Stern in an interview the director said: “He didn’t rape a 13-year-old...it was statutory rape. That’s not quite the same thing... He had sex with a minor, all right. That’s not rape.” Further, Polanski was a member of The Academy as recently as 2018, at which point he was finally expelled alongside Bill Cosby. You just have to wonder why it took 40 years for them to finally take action? And why were they still honouring him as recently as 2003, bestowing him with the Best Director award for The Pianist? He should not have been up on the stage in the first place and he should have not have been eligible for awards for such a long period of time after his crime. Polanski’s most recent win certainly makes Harvey Weinstein’s rape and sexual assault conviction seem like a hollow victory for survivors around the world. And while it certainly is still a massive victory for his victims, how can we say that the industry, or society at large, is making progress in tackling a culture of abuse, in finally listening to survivors, when a rapist such as Polanski can continue to hold such a powerful position in the industry? Polanski’s crimes are not new, nor have they recently been uncovered; they have been there for the world to see for over 40 years. There is no dispute over the facts, no ‘innocent until proven guilty’, no ‘she was asking for it’; no excuse or justification for people to hang their hat on – Polanski raped a 13-yearold girl and only a select few in the industry seem to care. Polanski’s continued success tells us that the film industry doesn’t really care about survivors, it doesn’t really care about confronting a culture of abuse and it doesn’t really care about making a cultural stand. This is just another in a long line of moments in which Polanski’s crimes have been overlooked in favour of his artistic abilities, another rapist who we are told we must separate the personal from the art, so we can appreciate ‘genius’. And until we hold them to account, all of them to account, then we cannot take the film industry, or any other industries like it, seriously when it comes to tackling rape and sexual assault and the culture of men abusing their positions of power.
ISSUE 20 / 16th March 2020 WWW.MANCUNION.COM
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Books 23
City of Literature Manchester, City of Literature, hosts an array of literary-related events throughout March Jamie Mattinson Books Writer
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s a UNESCO City of Literature, Manchester promotes and creates exciting events and opportunities for writers of any medium. There are plenty of opportunities to get involved this March through organisations and your local community. If you’ve lived in Manchester for a while, you’re probably aware of ITV Studios in MediaCity. The Red Planet Prize is partnering with ITV to create a platform for screenwriters who are just starting out. If you fancy trying your hand at submitting, all the necessary details are available on the Red Planet Pictures website. Another exciting opportunity for young writers of any medium is the Writing Squad, which recruits writers aged 16-21 from the North West every two years and provides them with writing workshops, the opportunity to partake in existing projects and professional development skills. Again, the details to apply are available on the Writing Squad website. For World Poetry Day on Saturday 21st March, Manchester will partake in live streaming two poets, Mary Jean Chan and
Manchester’s very own Isaiah Hull, to the world, in partnership with Poets and Players. This event will be free at the Whitworth Art Gallery, after which a tree-planting ceremony to “celebrate setting down roots for poetry in Manchester” will take place. If you’re looking for a place to discuss literature you’re interested in, there’s a great opportunity on the University’s doorstep. This month, at Hatch the Boozy Book Club are hosting a fun night discussing Shutter Island . It’s part of a larger group ‘Social Vibes MCR’. If you’re interested, check their website and sign up to attend! It’s advertised as a night containing books, booze and banter, which is hard to object to. So, if you’re somebody who likes getting a little tipsy and discussing literature with fellow Mancunians, this is probably for you. For other book-related events, be sure to check out Blackwell’s events page. Blackwell’s hosts book launches year round, in venues such as the Manchester Central Library and its recently relocated store near the University campus. March is teeming with literary events; be sure to keep an eye on the Anthony Burgess Foundation and HOME as well as those above for events that may interest you.
A Thousand Splendid Suns Alia Nawaz discusses female solidarity in Khaled Hosseini's A Thousand Splendid Suns Alia Nawaz Books Writer
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et in Afghanistan, A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini is a story of tragedy, loss, war and hope. A theme that permeates the novel is solidarity between two women who are able to empathise with one another. Following the success of The Kite Runner , Hosseini offers a female narrative of life in Afghanistan through the stories of Mariam and Laila. From Soviet occupation to Mujahedeen rule, A Thousand Splendid Suns uses the historical context as a backdrop to the stories of Mariam and Laila. It explores the Soviet clashes with the Mujahedeen and how the Mujahedeen were hailed as heroes once they had defeated the Soviets, although their rule soon turned sinister. Hosseini educates the reader on the recent history of Afghanistan, without fixating on this. The story begins with Mariam, an ille-
gitimate child with a mother who was emotionally abusive and a distant father who marries Mariam off once her mother passes away. Mariam is married to a man who is much older than her, and is thrown into a life of servitude and submission. On the other side of the story is a young girl named Laila, who is fiery, intelligent and deeply loved by her father. To the reader, Laila represents an optimistic, young and educated future for Afghanistan. As a teenager, Laila falls pregnant by her childhood sweetheart Tariq. However, Laila’s family is soon killed in the war and Tariq disappears. As a clever young girl, Laila knows she must marry immediately and pass off the child as her husband's. It is at this point in the story when Mariam and Laila’s stories intertwine. Laila becomes the second wife of a local older man, Mariam’s husband. In a vivid and memorable scene in the book, Laila takes a knife and pierces her finger on her wedding night, in a bid to convince her husband she was a virgin. This act of self-harm in order
to please her husband is only one in a series of instances whereby the book reveals how expectations of women are of detriment to the women scrutinised. Mariam and Laila’s tale of escaping their abusive husband with Laila’s child is one of sisterhood, resilience and bravery. Mariam sacrifices herself so Laila can be reunited with Tariq, as they escape Afghanistan with their child to start a new life in Pakistan. A timeless classic, A Thousand Splendid Suns is a book I often find myself returning to. Hosseini writes like a poet, entirely captivating the reader, with quotes that are very relevant to any reader who can identify with the culture. One quote that has resonated with me since I first read the book at fifteen is: “Like a compass needle that always points north, a man’s accusing finger always finds a woman. Always. You remember that, Mariam.” A Thousand Splendid Suns is a story of two strong women trying to destroy the compass, and outrun the accusing fingers of men.
Photo: Counse @ Wikimedia commons
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Image credit: Art in Mancunia
ISSUE 20 / 16th March 2020 WWW.MANCUNION.COM Photo: Tony Hisgett f
Is it Art?: French Orbeez Bath PSA: Don’t fill your bath with Orbeez
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Three Student Arts Events to Look out for this Semester Chess Bradley looks at three arts events that you can’t miss this semester Art in Mancunia- The White Hotel, 26th March. Produced by the Manchester Media Group, Art in Mancunia promises a night highlighting some of the best student art in the city. The night will be an ecclectic mix of live music, DJs and a selection of art. You can read the artist’s profiles on The Mancunion website, or buy the fast-selling tickets on Skiddle.
Fuse Fest- Hatch, June (date tbc) Fundraising for the Homeless Charity Coffee4Craig, Fusefest will be a post-exams blowout ran by members of Fusefm. The post-exams blowout promises a night full of art, live music and DJs. Charlotte Hughes, one of the organisers, has said the event will be a “celebrating the sounds of Manchester; with bends of beats, bands and the best talents fit for broadcasting”. Art History: B-S[L]ides at the Whitworth- Whitworth Gallery, 19th March. Art History B-Sides, ran by DIY publisher Penny Thoughts, is back! Their free event, at the Whitworth, will interrogate a variety of subjects- from comic books to art curation- guided by the theme: ‘methods of art history’. Expect some thought-provoking conversation, crafts and a side of optional booze.
’ll level with you. This semester is going faster than I can write my dissertation. In a few months, I face being unemployed as my job search is unfruitful. The only emotion I feel is stress. Or thought I could feel. That’s until a French Youtuber, Cyril Schreiner, filled his bath with Orbeez. Orbeez are little polymer balls that kids are apparently obsessed with. For a bit of clout, Schreiner decided to fill his bath with these beads. So far, so good? I guess? Anyway, for some reason, once his bath was full, Schreiner thought he could just... empty his bath? Like turtles don’t exist? So, then, somehow these emerged in his toilet, and beads overflowed. The stress of this situation was so intense that Schreiner began to speak German, which is known as the peak level of stress. Funny enough. But then, his hoover caught on fire. A solution emerged in salt, only for him to have a litre of sh*t emerge from his sink- and apparently his neighbours’. His neighbour then emerged at the door, and Schreiner realised he was dans le merde as the whole neighbourhood’s water system had become a faecal boba tea. A letter then emerges, showing that he is France’s most wanted for his polluting ways. I’m not (surprisingly?) the first person to question whether this is art. Some have noted the bad-to-worse trajectory is almost scripted. But does it matter? There’s a panic that transcends language barriers, a beauty in the universality of f*ck-ups. Verdict: With a careful combination of drama and comedy, this is indeed art.
Left to Right, Top to Bottom: Photo: Alice Goad, Manchester Open, "Everyone's an Artist". Photo: HOME, Photos: Gary Brown, Art: Ossie Akhilomen from instagram @ ossieakhilomen, Olafur Eliasson - The Weather Project. Photo: Nathan Williams @Flickr, Cold War Steve: Art for the Brexit Age, 'Chicken Run Sequel Confirmed' album art. Photo: judemstedward_art, Photo: Dylan James, Photo: Ryan Gear, All photos: Acid Maia
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ISSUE 20 / 16th March 2020 WWW.MANCUNION.COM
Art in Mancunia: Evie Spicer
Rosie Plunkett takes a look at photographer Evie Spicer Rosie Plunkett Arts Writer
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Emily Cole Arts Writer
All Photos: Evie Spicer
entral to Manchester-based photographer Evie Spicer's practice is her unrelenting passion and ability to demonstrate the power of women. Spicer’s current project ‘Wasteland’ is inspired by the Novel 'If Woman Rose Rooted' by Sharon Blackie which recalls the tale of Blakie’s Native mythology. The power and strength of the Celtic goddesses was attributed to their connection to the landscape and nature. However the power of these feminine entities began to be lost when Christianity and the spiritual relationship between humanity and a monotheistic God pushed by the ruling elites of that day. In order to address this role that women have had to conform to within society, Spicer indulges in both landscape and studio work. The role of the environment plays a central role in her work which is evident in a series of self portraits that use performance as a way to demonstrate her place in whichever setting she works within. Spicer’s images intimate between questions of how landscape has over time, become a male dominated space, so much so that women in society no longer feel safe to explore the bounds of wildernesses. Many cultural references depict a women alone within the landscape as a ‘damsel in distress’. The tale of ‘Red Riding Hood’ is an example of how young girls are warned in chil-
dren’s stories to not stray too far into the woods and remain within ‘safety’ of domestic settings. Indeed, it is the man who proceeds into the land to hunt and forage, whilst the woman is confined to the home. All of this creates the impression that a woman’s place is not within the landscape, and the femme fatal narrative that is infamously bound up in the history of children's fiction narratives, is a stark juxtaposition to the women described in the folklore of Celtic tribes. Through this work Spicer reclaims the landscape. Her image of dark rock stresses the sublimity of nature which presents Spicer as a smaller character within the wider setting of holism in the land. However, within the image there is no intimidation or fear; Spicer's direct eye contact with the camera penetrates the image almost accusing us of ever doubting that she did not have a place there. Her pose, protective rather than daunted, seems to blend into the rock and they become one - Spicer is defending her right to be within the landscape as a woman. In her other landscape images, Spicer’s direct contact with trees and earth she photographs herself alongside, demonstrates a connection with nature which works to increase her presence within the space. Her studio images have allowed her to experiment with her performance work and develop her power poses, she has just as much of a presence inside as she does within the landscape. The wrestling we
see within the images of her hands reflects the idea of how she must fight to be a woman, not just within the landscape, but also a woman who works within the genre of landscape photography and portraiture. Landscape photography has been a male dominated subject for as long as it has existed and within photography, and women have always been hyper-sexualised by media and the male gaze within the subject. Currently, Spicer is working to explore the idea ‘edge dwellers’. This discusses how we are drawn to the edges between two environments and the space between them. Speaking of this she describes the term, ‘The ecologies where the sea meets the cliff, the forest meets the meadow. I think that we are drawn to the edges of spaces because we are fascinated by them, and also because we relate to them. We are ever changing, constantly redefining ourselves. The project is an empowering question to females; if we reclaim the nature we are a force of, what kind of accomplishments could we achieve? The work is an accusation and a challenge, from a cultural stance and also from an artistic stance, and by embarking on this project Spicer is taking ownership of the genre and abolishing the expectations and standards that have been built up of women within the landscape and women as artists. You can find more of Evie’s work on her website or on her instagram @espicerphoto.
26 Fashion
CULTURE
ISSUE 20 / 16th March 2020 WWW.MANCUNION.COM
The UoM based zine creating a space for blackness, beauty and community Fashion Editor Alice Porter speaks to co-founder of the UoM based journal Edge Control, Rawan Yousif As black students, they hadn’t had
one universal experience, but there’s lots
the zine completely free of charge, rep-
the spaces or time to come together dur-
of separate ideas and people [within it],”
resenting their inclusive and communi-
ing their university experience so far and
Rawan explained. “We wanted to shed light
ty-based values.
dge Control , created by English Lit-
they wanted to find a way of bringing black
on the people who were thinking about it
The name Edge Control is based on a
erature student Rawan Yousif and
young people together and give them the
and talking about it and working in it but
beauty product used to slick down baby
English and Drama student Hope Leslie,
opportunity to get published. “The idea was
didn’t have this major clout.”
hairs, often used by black women. The zine
Alice Porter Fashion Editor
E
itself features art, essays, articles, inter-
is a new University of Manchester-based
views, poetry and short stories all written
zine focussed on beauty, blackness and
by black people. Mimi Gold, a Manches-
community. It grew from an event creat-
ter-based fashion designer, is interviewed
ed by Rawan in 2018, hosting a number
in the zine, and there is also a piece on the
of young black musicians and poets in
influence of Missy Elliot on pop culture,
the Students’ Union, at which Hope per-
written by Dara Coker.
formed a poem. Hope proposed the idea of
The zine was intended as a one-off, but
a publication and discussions began be-
based on the response to Edge Control , the
tween the two about what they were and
pair are considering expanding it in some
were not seeing in bigger conversations
way, perhaps by turning it into a society or
about beauty and how they could move
a collective of black students; maybe even
the conversation to exist within the local
passing it on to younger students to run
community.
when they graduate this year. They held a launch event in early March and were touched by the excitement other black
“The beauty industry
women expressed about the zine. Rawan Photo: Instagram @edgecontrolzine
when it’s spoken about is spoken about as if it’s one universal experience, but there’s lots of separate ideas and people [within it]”
that it was by black people for black people,” Rawan commented. They were initially interested in hair, specifically, but decided to broaden the
says that she and Hope’s ambitions for the zine were to create a space for black people,
“The ‘beauty industry’ that you see on
but that the community that has already
Instagram shouldn’t be the only way we
began to grow as a result of it has exceeded
think about beauty,” she continued. “You
that.
can just focus on these local people instead
Edge Control is available from the SU,
range of the zine by considering beauty as a
of vying for them to get into an industry
as well as local libraries and cafes around
whole, within the framework of blackness.
that is clearly exclusionary. You can just
Manchester. Keep an eye on their socials
They were interested in the day-to-day of
give these people your time and your ener-
for updates on where you can find the zine
beauty and thinking about how daily life
gy, rather than trying to get a seat at a table
and to see where Edge Control goes in the
coincides with it and how this plays into
that doesn’t necessarily want you.”
future. Additionally, feel free to send them
community. “The beauty industry when
By securing funding from the Students’
it’s spoken about is spoken about as if it’s
Union, Rawan and Hope were able to make
a message @edgecontrolzine on Instagram if you want to get involved.
Moschino Fall Winter 2020 review Fashion Writer Isabella Sharp reviews Jeremy Scott’s latest collection for Moschino based on Marie Antoinette pannier dresses slashed off mid-thigh, and
Pugh wears in Midsommar. However, as the
as the bodices become leather jackets,
vertiginous, beribboned platform boots,
show goes on, the colours become more
the panniers leather too. Elsewhere, den-
could easily feel saccharine in the hands of
muted, and arguably more striking. Leather
im is a strong theme, the Canadian tuxedo
eremy Scott’s latest collection for
another designer. Yes, there’s the look Gigi
in white, grey, cream, black and dusky rose
of Britney and Justin re-imagined for the
Moschino offers the ultimate es-
Hadid sports, a voluminous minidress fash-
tempers the sweetshop tones. There’s an
French court.
Isabella Sharp Fashion Writer
J
capism. He takes us back to the days of
The monochrome looks bring a new
Versailles, with a cool, modern twist. The
twist to a familiar aesthetic of excess and
collection is rife with the gourmand, ev-
luxury. An ingenious take on the peler-
idently inspired by Sofia Coppola’s teen
ine, a small lace cape for the shoulders,
dream interpretation of Marie Antoi-
came in the form of a black leather jack-
nette’s life. There are dresses shaped like
et cropped above the bust. A black wig
tiered cakes, lovingly iced, and even a
towers above a gothic robe à la française,
satire of the Fendi baguette bag, only this
with frilly blackwork embroidery spilling
one looks exactly like a real baguette. Let
out from the sleeves and the bodice. The
them eat cake.
darker tone makes the looks more serious
Scott’s skill for the kitschy is at its best
and imposing. There’s also an interesting
in this collection. There are stiffly curled
nod to streetwear with the hooded dress-
wigs in macaroon shades, plucked straight
es, notably one that contains an entire
out of a Parisian patisserie, Moschino belts
wig.
strung out of pearls. It would be easy to tip
Instead of poking fun at the excessive
over into outright camp with this show, but
women of the Versailles court, Scott rePhotos: Instagram @moschino
the stage is pared back and subtle. A dingy mirrored runway nods to Versailles’ Hall of
imagines the powerful, striking silhouettes for the modern day, and manages to
Mirrors, but still remains sleek and modern.
ioned out of what appear to be sugar flow-
edge added to the robes à la française, too,
make them feel, if not entirely wearable,
Similarly, outrageous silhouettes like
ers- the younger sister of the dress Florence
with a kinky Dangerous Liaisons aesthetic,
inspiring.
ISSUE 20 / 16th March 2020 WWW.MANCUNION.COM
Food 27
CULTURE
Photo : Ellie Martin
Viva la vegan revolution: the junk food edition Anneliese Murray reviews a number of the vegan fast food alternatives taking the world by storm
What comes first -
T
the beans or the cheese? Ellie Martin delves into the politics of whether the cheese or the beans comes first on a baked potato - spoiler, its beans Ellie Martin Society Editor
T
he humble baked potato. A staple at home and on campus for the typical UoM student. It’s one of the cheapest lunches on campus, with a cheese and beans jacket costing just £1.25 at Bikos if you can hold off until after 3 pm on a Friday. But, this seemingly innocent meal is wreaking havoc amongst jacket enthusiasts. What may seem like simple, uncomplicated scran is provoking confusion and debate in food stalls across campus. Don’t let it’s humble appearances fool you, the beans and cheese potato is as divisive as a jam and cream scone. Here’s the question: What should come first on a baked potato, the beans or the cheese? This is the debate that has been tearing The Mancunion office apart for weeks. Friendships have been destroyed, colleagues have fallen out, housemates have stormed out of kitchens in protest. There is only one right answer to this question and anyone who says otherwise is an anarchist. However,
for the sake of argument, I lay the reasons before you. There are two main schools of thought. The first, more traditionalist (and correct) method is to smother the potato in beans and then top with a healthy handful of grated cheese. This looks better in photos, for sure. You can dip your fork in and get that satisfying “cheese pull” moment that makes everything look so good in pizza adverts. This way also gives you more control over the rate at which the cheese melts. This order also makes sense in terms of food density. You start with the heaviest ingredient, then the next, and finally top it with delicious flakes of grated cheese - mozzarella or cheddar, dealer’s choice. It’s called a topping for a reason. The main argument for the other side is that when the cheese goes in first, it melts under the weight and heat of the beans for a more enjoyable cheese melting experience. A source from Biko’s Cafe in the SU says that staff are actually trained to assemble the potatoes like this so that they “don’t have to reheat the potato to melt the cheese before they hand it over.”
I would argue, however, that a fully melted layer of cheese under the beans isn’t as enjoyable as a squishy if slightly alternate topping of cheese over the beans. I would add that layering the cheese under the beans means you lose the flavour and texture of the cheese, which gets lost under the overpowering presence of the beans. It’s the equivalent of putting cheese under the tomato sauce on a pizza. It’s just wrong. If you frequent multiple food establishments on campus you will have noticed a massive inconsistency in the order staff arrange the beans and cheese on a potato. The uncertainty is distressing, every lunchtime being unsure of what could be handed to you under that compostable lid. An even more abhorrent method suggested was grating the cheese into the beans as you heat them. I don’t feel that this should even be granted a response other than I hope you never make a baked potato for anyone but yourself, you detty pig. Now that we’ve sorted this, we can get back to the real issues. If only settling other British debates was as simple.
Image: iStock @ Pixabay
Fermented foods are more than a fad Milo Diduca goes beyond kimchi and sauerkraut to discover a whole world of fermented food that’s both healthy and delicious Milo Diduca Food Writer
W
hat do kimchi, sourdough and craft beer have in common, other than being worshipped by hipsters? They all undergo a process of fermentation during their production. Fermented foods have been enjoying a moment of fame these past few years, however, they far predate the gastro-pub. Fermentation is defined as “the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeast, or other microorganisms.” Contrary as it may sound, it is also a way of preserving food as well as ‘cooking’. It was developed as an ancient technique to preserve vegetables like cabbages long before fridges existed. Some sources suggest the first examples date back to 7000 BC, but it wasn’t until the 1800s when Louis Pasteur - best known for his work on vaccinations - started to look into it and the process was isolated and defined. Due to the large amounts of healthy bacteria and yeast in these foods, they are often described as ‘living’, most notably so in the Bon Appetit YouTube series, It’s Alive, where host Brad Leone talks us through a host of fermented foods and how to make them. This large amount of probiot-
ic bacteria and yeast also makes fermented foods incredibly healthy for the gut. Online sources will tell you about numerous benefits from these foods, including improvements in mental health. But, watch out for bloating and gas. The effervescent nature of fermented goods can often lead to gas and bloating when consumed in high quantities. One of my favourite and most well known fermented foods is miso paste. A paste made from fermented soybeans and a strain of ‘mouldy’ rice called koji. Miso can be made from any legume, but traditionally soybeans are used. This umami boosting paste comes in a variety of shades ranging from sweet white miso to richer darker ones. The difference is that darker ones have been allowed to ferment for longer, leading to a much richer and pungent taste. A by-product of this process is soy sauce’s gluten-free brother tamari. Miso is best known for its use in the self-titled Japanese soup, however, it’s gained popularity as a flavour enhancer for vegetarian and vegan cuisine, adding depth and savouriness. A slightly more niche example is black garlic. Don’t be put off by the name, it has a very mellow almost sweet caramel taste with none of the heat from regular garlic. Like kimchi, it has its origins in Korea, however, it
has been adopted by haute cuisine and has almost endless culinary application. The process of fermentation uses the Maillard reaction which is the same chemical reaction that gives browned foods like seared meat or toast their distinctive flavour. Black garlic has a smoky, sweet caramelised flavour and a sticky almost spreadable consistency. Again, like most fermented foods, it adds a huge savoury, umami punch to pretty much anything it is used in. It is an incredibly versatile ingredient, but remember to use more than you would standard garlic as it isn’t quite as harsh. I like it simply blended with a bit of olive oil into a paste then smeared on some fresh bread. It can be found in some big supermarkets or in smaller independent shops. I get mine from Eighth Day on Oxford Road. Fermented foods span across pretty much every continent and have been eaten (or drunk) for thousands of years. As exotic foods have become more mainstream, we’ve seen a renaissance for these funky, fizzy foods. There are hundreds of fermented foods and drinks out there to try so let’s not limit ourselves to kombucha and sauerkraut. Next time you’re in a fancy supermarket or health food shop, look around and see what you can find. Your taste buds and gut will thank you for it.
he Piers Morgans of this world have barely had a chance to mend their bruised egos following the controversial Greggs vegan sausage roll of last year before a new influx of vegan fast food once again took us snowflakes by storm. The rate at which tasty vegan convenience food is hitting the shelves of our favourite fast-food franchises is testament to the rapidly growing influence of veganism. This phenomenon is quickly destroying the sentiment that eating vegan needs to be complicated or awkward. This week I sampled three of said offerings. My arteries were screaming but at least the planet/animals remain intact following my binge.
KFC ‘No Chicken’ Burger
KFC, along with other major vendors, are paying attention to the spike in vegan eating and beginning to cater to it. Admittedly, they still have a long way to go; their chips aren’t yet vegan, and worse still, they caused a media storm earlier this year when it was found that some branches had mistakenly served genuine chicken burgers in place of the vegan alternative. That said, when it comes to actual vegan food, their offering is streets ahead of the vegetarian concepts at McDonald’s who, rather than replicating the real deal, make meals comprised of soggy vegetable burgers, a dated and unimaginative version of veganism. The KFC vegan burger sits at the top of the vegan junk food chain for me. The chicken is alarmingly (but fantastically) close to the real deal, with that classic southern fried coating comfortingly intact. Complete with a tangy vegan mayo and crisp iceberg lettuce, my KFC no chicken experience was a trip to vegan heaven. If you’re not too freaked out by KFC’s shaky start, it’s well worth a try.
Gregg’s Vegan Steak Bake
We’ve all tried the Gregg’s vegan sausage roll by now. And yes, it really is that good – just read Katie Hourigan’s Gregg’s smackdown in last week’s issue. Greggs haven’t stopped there, though. Now pioneers in catering for the indulgent vegan, Greggs’ latest prodigy is the vegan steak bake, another replica of a great classic. If I’m being entirely honest, the steak bake packed less of a punch than the sausage roll for me. In and of itself, it’s a good pastry. The filling is flavoursome and plentiful, and the pastry is greasy and satisfying. However, in comparison to the real deal I don’t think this is as good a replica as either the vegan sausage roll or KFC’s ‘no chicken’. It resembles the texture and flavour of a well-seasoned mincemeat. Convincing and meaty, it’s definitely an enjoyable savoury snack – but it doesn’t remind me of the chunky steak bake we all know and love.
Subway Meatless Meatball Marinara Last but not least, Subway’s offering. The hype about this one seems decidedly on the lower side; there seems to have been less capitalisation on the marketing potential that veganism brings than KFC and Greggs. That said, the sandwich itself is not to be slept on. I think Subway has really benefitted from how artificial (yet obviously banging) the original meatball marinara tastes. The real thing definitely gives off questionable meat vibes, so perhaps this was easier to emulate. Subway has got it spot-on with the meatballs, my only slight reservation about the sandwich was with the vegan cheese, although I can forgive them this because I’m yet to find one that lives up to the real deal. Overall though, a positive review for this classic Sub gone vegan.
Image: @greggs_, @official, kfc_uki, @ subway
NOW AVAILABLE IN THE UNION SHOP
Lifestyle 29
ISSUE 20 / 16th March 2020 WWW.MANCUNION.COM
Teacup puppies:
Teacup puppies are undeniably cute but social media is hiding the unethical practices that allow these dogs to exist Kate Jackson Lifestyle Writer
I
f you open up your Twitter or Instagram feed, you will no doubt come across a video of a cute dog or a post about a dog doing something heroic sooner rather than later. On the ‘cuter’ side of these social media sites, there has been a growth in the number of accounts focused on teacup puppies – miniature dogs that can literally fit in a teacup. It’s hard not to be enamoured by these tiny dogs but, unfortunately, like many things social media, this content often hides the harsh realities that these dogs face and the questionable practices that allow these dogs to exist. Some accounts are simply celebrating how cute these dogs are, but unfortunately most are dedicated to selling these puppies. This includes @rollyteacupuppies, @teacuppuppyboutique and @mytinypaws. Teacup puppies are smaller versions of a variety of different breeds that are already very small, including Chihuahua, Pomeranian and Yorkshire Terrier. While at times these tiny dogs are the result of being the ‘runt of the litter’, it is more likely that these dogs are the product of
intentional breeding using two undersized dogs. Given how cute these dogs are, it’s no surprise that they are in high demand and can sell for thousands. The large amount of money on offer means teacup puppies are often produced in ‘puppy mills’ – unethical breeders who will produce and sell puppies however they can. For teacup puppies, this means dogs that are closely related may be used for breeding or the puppies themselves may have their growth purposefully stunted so they can remain their ‘cute’ size. As a result of these unethical practices, and the nature of being such small dogs, the reality for the dogs behind the Instagram posts is one filled with significant health problems and a lot of responsibility for their owners. Due to their naturally small size, these dogs can be frail and can very easily be hurt by themselves or their owners. They face significant digestive issues due their small stomachs and may have to be fed multiple times a day. There can be heart and respiratory issues, as well as an increased risk of seizures. If all this wasn’t enough, teacup puppies are not an official breed and their are no official regulations or guidelines to follow. People who want to buy these puppies may not be aware of the tremendous problems their dog will face or, giv-
en the fact that these dogs are almost exclusively bought over the internet, they may very well be scammed altogether. Not every social media account that posts content with these dogs are puppy mills, and even some accounts that do sell these dogs are not unethical breeders, such as @rollyteacuppuppies. But, that doesn’t change the problems these dogs face. We must be mindful of the type of content that we are engaging with on social media sites as many people will not research the health problems that these dogs face or the unethical practices that lie behind their existence. They will see ‘cute’ and want it – even paying extortionate amounts to get it. There’s nothing wrong with enjoying the videos and photos as, granted, it is not the fault of the dogs that they exist. But, like many unhealthy breeds, they should not exist and we need to remember that. There are so many dogs that are in need of love and, as the RSPCA advise, can be visited in person and have their health or history be certified before they are adopted. If you’re looking to get a dog, why not visit some local shelters and rehoming centres in Manchester such as DogsTrust or Manchester and Cheshire Dogs’ Home?
Photo: @Pikrepo
Photo: Claudio Schwarz @ Unsplash
Being a man
make you worth more
The gender pay gap and equal pay are both important, but it’s also necessary to know the differences between these terms to understand the statistics
Aisha Al-Janabi Lifestyle Editor
A
chieving equal pay for equal work is only solving part of the problem, but we need more women to be hired into higher paying jobs to reduce the gender pay gap as well. Often equal pay and the gender pay gap are used interchangeably, but there is a fundamental difference which needs to be recognised. Equal pay means that for the same job any employee will receive the same pay, whilst the gender pay gap calculates the difference between the average or the median (middle) earnings of men and women. The gender pay gap is able to highlight the difference between employment of men and women, and shows more men are in higher paid jobs causing their average earnings to be significantly higher. It’s about time we consider why women are not getting these higher income jobs and implement the necessary changes to ensure this gap narrows and becomes non-existent. One small change made in 2017 is that organisations with more than 250 employees need to publish their pay gap statistics, which will hopefully put pressure on companies to improve. In the University of Manchester’s 2018-19 report it showed that the average
hourly wage gap is 18.4%, meaning that for every £1000 earned by a man, women will, on average, earn £816. And, shockingly, almost twice as many men get bonuses, which are 74.7% higher than those earned by women. Having a penis does not make you worth that much more.
“Often equal pay and the gender pay gap are used interchangeably, but there is a fundamental difference” One reason behind this pay gap is that 62% of the top quarter of jobs at the university are dominated by men, whilst women are
in the majority in the lowest salary bracket. This trend is a common theme amongst many employers, and should make us consider: at what point are women getting prevented or deterred from achieving these positions? And why aren’t more men getting hired for jobs in a lower pay bracket? Genitalia does play its part in exacerbating the gender pay gap especially as current policies and facilities surrounding support with childcare, and maternity leave are inadequate; women will have to take time off work for the physical recovery they deserve and need. Sometimes I wonder if employers assume women of a certain age will inevitably have children, preventing them from being a viable candidate for various positions, even as a result of an unconscious bias. We are still socialised to believe that women should be responsible for the housework and childcare. Iceland challenged societal norms by introducing nine months parental leave to be shared between parents, but with an enforced three months for mothers and three months for fathers. This impacts men’s careers as well, which will hopefully mean women will be on more even footing and will encourage fathers to get more involved with day-to-day childcare. A study showed that this improved dad’s confidence when looking after their children because taking leave meant they were forced to spend time with
their newborn child, which is an important and undervalued benefit of shared parental leave. This is only part of the problem and only effects those with children, but it does prevent women from considering or being considered for these higher paid jobs. Troy Vettese writes for n+1 that most undergraduates in many countries are women, meaning gender imbalance is becoming a less significant factor throughout education and suggests we finish our education with the same qualifications. Instead, we need to look to employment and workplaces to understand the barriers that halt women’s career progress. Having better representation of women in these decision-making positions will mean they are able to influence how companies work, and make them a better environment for women to work in. Dame Helena Morrissey told the BBC: “Personally I feel it is very hard to engineer the closing of the gap, because even if you attract women in, if they are not happy in the industry they will leave.” I highly recommend looking through https://gender-pay-gap.service.gov.uk/ as this provides a valuable insight into the basic statistics of the pay gap provided by employers, some of which are quite shocking. It’s time we smash this glass ceiling once and for all, we’ve been waiting long enough.
30 Sport
ISSUE 20 / 16th March 2020 WWW.MANCUNION.COM
The evolution of the goalkeeper
Photo: Nationaal Archief Fotocollectie Anefo @ Wikimedia Commons
Will Stonier delivers an analogy of the modern goalkeeper Will Stoneir Sports Writer
I
n the same year that Albert Camus won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1957 he was interviewed as he sat in the stands at a football match. The interviewer asks Camus about the performance of one of the goalkeepers. On the matter, Camus replies, “Don’t blame him. If you were in the middle of the sticks you would realise how difficult it is.” Here, Camus, who was once a goalkeeper for Racing Universitaire Algerios before turning to existentialist philosopher par excellence, articulates the idea of the Goalkeepers’ Union: the notion that a goalkeeper will never criticise one another. Goalkeeping was always an influence on Camus’ career, as he revelled in the absurd quality of standing between two poles in a state of suspended animation. However, much has developed in the specialised position of goalkeeper since Camus’s playing days. Goalkeepers no longer function as an isolated pariah as the modern goalkeeper must function as a sweeper, defensive commandant, and even playmaker. Manuel Neuer is often described as the archetype of the modern day sweeper-keeper,
particularly following the success of Neuer’s Germany at the 2014 World Cup. Neuer performs the notion that a keeper is not just limited to their area, but must read the match as an auxiliary sweeper. Speaking to The Guardian in 2018 about his football philosophy, Neuer said: “I have to be outside the box and be involved in the passing game from the back to get the ball to the first, second and third row of players.” The traditional rule book of goalkeeping has been rewritten, sending shockwaves through all levels of the game. Non-league football has also placed an emphasis on the ability for goalkeepers to be comfortable with their feet, as have youth academies. Modern goalkeeping, though, is not without its flaws. Manchester City’s Ederson was the recent victim of the trappings inherent in his style of play as he uncharacteristically flapped in the Manchester Derby as he nearly swatted the ball against a charging Martial. The other instance was when he bowled the ball out to McTominay, who cooly finished from 40-yards out. Though Ederson made gaffes that wouldn’t go amiss on David Seaman’s seminal 2003 keeper-blooper film Goalkeeping Nightmares, modern goalkeepers find themselves more open to these sort
of risks than their predecessors. However, when the role of sweeper-keeper is executed correctly, riches are reaped. For instance, despite Guardiola’s failed Bravo experiment in the Catalan’s inaugural season at Manchester City, he was stubborn in his approach to playing out from the back in his sophomore year. Bravo was quickly swapped-out for Ederson from Benfica, and in the following two seasons Guardiola’s commitment to the sweeper-keeper approach paid off. The largest indicator that goalkeepers are more than just shot-stoppers is in the eye-watering price tags they command. It was the sale of Gianlugi Buffon from Parma
Safety concerns over Fukushima opening the Tokyo 2020 Olympic torch relay
to Juventus in 2001 for £47.60m that held the record before Ederson’s transfer finally broke it over a decade later. The current world record transfer paid for a goalkeeper was set when Kepa Arrizabalaga left Athletic Bilbao for Chelsea in 2018 at a price of £71.6m. Top clubs now have to dig deep in order to attract well-rounded goalkeeping product. Whilst things haven’t changed in some aspects — goalkeepers are still often seen as madcap figures, unwilling to criticise one another in the clandestine ‘keepers union’ — it is no longer the tallest school kid that gets put in goal, but often the most accomplished technical footballer. Photo: IAEA Imagebank @ Flickr
With worries over radiation levels and coronavirus, the 2020 Olympics face a difficult few months ahead James Owen Sports Writer
I
n February Fukushima Governor, Masao Uchibori declared that the area was safe to host its leg of the Olympic torch relay. The rebuilding project has been taking place since the devastating Tohoku earthquake and tsunami hit in 2011, causing the most severe nuclear accident since the 1986 Chernoybl disaster. The disaster in Northern Japan has since left over 18,500 people dead with numbers rising due to radioactive fallout causing long term fatal health implications. Governor Uchibori’s statement comes after a report was published by Greenpeace
in December 2019 declaring that highlevel radiation hot spots can be detected at a sports complex where the 2020 Tokyo Olympics torch relay will kick off next year. The study revealed that radiation levels around the J-Village sports camp were over 1,700 times higher than prior to the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. The Japanese Government pledged to keep the radiation level ratings at 0.23 microsieverts per hour, however Greenpeace found levels as close to 21 microsieverts per hour. Which is exposure to a greater amount of radiation in a day than you would naturally be exposed to in a year. Since the report Japanese authorities have begun further clean up work to
decontaminate the area, which will also host the opening matches for Olympic Baseball and Softball, and declare it as safe. Fukushima was chosen for the opening leg of the torch relay to show to the world a narrative of recovery. The Olympics has always been a stage for countries to showcase what they have to offer, and
Women’s T20 World Cup: A perfect ending
in this case it shows solidarity between regions to move forward from a tragedy that stunned so many. However, with speculation increasing that the Olympics could be cancelled due to coronavirus outbreak, Japan’s excitement over the possibility of displaying values of unity may have to wait. Photo: Bahnfrend @ Wikimedia Commons
Tim Benson examines a spectacular T20 World Cup Tim Benson Sports Writer
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ould there be a more perfect stage? The hosts in the final, a record attendance, International Women’s Day, Katy Perry proving that she’s been a lifelong T20 badger (Confirmation... test cricket is dead). This was a final worthy of what was an unprecedented tournament. Australia lifted the World Cup for a fifth time in front of more than 86,000 supporters at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, dismantling an unbeaten Indian side with a ruthless fielding performance. The tournament favourites, Australia, were the worthy winners and their dominance in all formats is a testament to the emphasis placed on women’s cricket in the country. The atmosphere was refreshing; there was no crowd abuse, no ‘sledging’, and spare a thought for England and South Africa who conducted themselves so gracefully having had their hopes of reaching the final cruelly thwarted by rain. You cannot imagine any international women’s side needing a PR saving docu-
mentary anytime soon, despite the temptation of Cricket Australia to deliberately cheat in the hope of Amazon lining their pockets with cash. All bad jokes aside, the tournament highlighted the ever closing gap between the international sides. Pakistan toppled the 2018 winners West Indies in the group stages, and nearly had the favour returned to them by World Cup debutantes Thailand, whose smiles and spirit reminded everyone of the reasons we play the game. Coupled with good performances from Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, the tournament was always competitive and the future looks bright for the women’s game. The four favourite teams had mixed fortunes. India were fantastic right up until the final, their group stage win against Australia saw Poonam Yadav bowl the spell of the tournament, her flighted leg breaks unplayable as she collected three wickets in eleven balls. England seemed somewhat muddled throughout the tournament, unable to decide on their best batting order, but Nat Sciver showed her class with the bat and whose to know what would have happened had their semi-final not been washed out. Moreover, South Africa unearthed
a rare talent in Laura Wolvaardt, whose 50 against Pakistan was one of the innings of the tournament, whilst Australia maintained their composure following the injury to their star player and the Don Bradman of women’s cricket, Elysse Perry. Finally, the tournament was special in that three of its stand out performers were 20 or younger. New Zealand’s Amelia Kerr (19) impressed with both bat and ball, England’s Sophie Ecclestone (20) was their most
prolific bowler taking eight wickets at an almost unheard of economy rate of 3.23, and as mentioned before Laura Wolvaardt (20) lit up grounds with her expansive stroke play. Sometimes, World Cup finals can seem a bit over the top. The fireworks and thumping music can take away from the intensity of the game, but, in this instance, at such an integral stage in the development of the women’s game, it needed to be a spectacle. What a spectacle it turned out to be.
Sport 31
ISSUE 20 / 16th March 2020 WWW.MANCUNION.COM
My Week on Huel Tom Reynolds reveals his experience with the nutritional craze that is Huel
Photo: CharlesM8 @ Wikimedia Commons
Tom Reynolds Sports Writer
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uel is a meal replacement drink that offers its users shakes that are nutritionally complete and fast to make. Huel claim to have made a product that has exactly the right amount of protein, essential fats, carbohydrates, vitamins & minerals. The product is for everyone but is popular amongst amateur athletes, especially since the launch of ‘Huel Professional’, which is specifically aimed at sportspeople. I was interested to see what it was like, so went onto the website and ordered two bags. Although I spent £40 on the bags it is made clear that each individual meal only costs £1.32. I received an email saying I was now a ‘Hueligan’. My initial plan was to only consume Huel over a two week period, but that changed after a friend alerted me to the potentially hospitalising effects of going from a diet of whole food to a completely liquid diet. So I decided to gradually increase my Huel intake over two weeks to avoid any painful stomach cramps. I started Hueling as soon as the package arrived and was ini-
tially disappointed with the taste and texture of the meal replacement. It tastes a little bit artificial and the texture is thick and lumpy. Having gradually increased the amount I consumed each day I realised I was beginning to feel more tired than usual. I would feel full after having Huel for breakfast or lunch but after a few hours I would begin to feel drained and unfocused. After a brief look online I realised I wasn’t the only person on the diet who was experiencing this. I wondered whether it was the change to my diet or perhaps something was missing from the Huel that I was normally getting from other foods. I found this disheartening as Huel is advertised as a product with the perfect balance of nutrients, so I had been expecting to feel energised and healthy. After a week it was time to try cutting out all solid food and have a day just consuming Huel, this was not something that they necessarily recommended but I wanted to try it, having read someone had survived on it for six months without any solid food. I had four separate portions over the day and managed fine, but was longing for food by the
evening. As I was beginning to get slightly bored of having the same meal over and over again I was introduced to Huel’s food recipes. It turns out that they have developed a vast range of dishes that can be made using the powder as an ingredient. Fans of Huel had developed a variety of recipes; from Huelmous (Hummus) and pitta to Huel Cross Buns. I was also told about ways to make the shakes more exciting by blending fruits with it or adding things like cinnamon or Huel’s own flavourings. However, I found doing all this may slightly detract from the convenience and speed that makes Huel what it is. I decided to make the Huel pancakes, but as I ate them I came to the underwhelming conclusion that a diet of normal food is better than a Huel based diet. However, that does not mean I don’t feel there is no room for Huel in my life, as a quick breakfast or light lunch it works fantastically, taking less than a minute to prepare. Moreover, you can’t be too critical of Huel who have created healthy, vegan meals that plenty of people swear by. But as a full meal replacement, it isn’t for me.
Disappointment for the Lionesses Phil Neville is under pressure again after England’s performance Iwan Hopkins Deputy Sports Editor
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s the warm Texas evening draws to a close, there is a particularly difficult image on display for the England Women’s National Team. They have just lost 1-0 to Spain, and to top things off, they now have to pass over their trophy to the Americans who have beaten Japan. It’s not a result that the defending SheBelieves champions would have seen coming, following their dominant display in 2019. However, the United States have a particularly special team, with Ballon d’Or holding Megan Rapinoe bossing the middle of the park in the final match. England started the tourna-
ment poorly, losing 2-0 to the USA on the opening day in Orlando. Two goals in very quick succession, from Christen Press and Carli Lloyd, were enough to see off any challenge put up by the Lionesses. However, truthfully, they didn’t pose much of a threat and were easily seen off by the world’s number one side. Three days later, England took to the field again, this time in New Jersey. They were facing a Japanese side who looked significantly weaker on paper and were coming off a 3-1 loss to the tournament’s underdogs, Spain. It was an end-toend game, with Bethany England and Lauren Hemp both going close for England and Hina Sugita rocking the woodwork for Japan. Saviour Ellen White was sent onto the pitch by coach, Phil Nev-
ille, in the 69th minute. England grabbed the game by the scruff of the neck and were unthreatened for the rest of the second half. In the 87th minute, White slotted the ball in, following a lovely pass across the box from fellow substitute, Toni Duggan. It was their first, and only goal of the tournament. However, in a game of small margins against Spain, England crashed to their seventh defeat in just eleven matches. Alexia Putellas found herself free in the box due to some questionable defending and made no mistake, heading past Carly Telford. A couple of things are for certain, the Lionesses are underachieving, and the pressure is continually mounting on Phil Neville’s shoulders.
Photo: Joshjdss @ Wikimnedia Commons
United complete the double over City Guardiola’s side were flattened once again by a rejuvenated United
Louis Strappazzon Sports Writer
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fter Manchester United beat Manchester City 2-1 at the Ethiad, City wanted revenge and the Manchester bragging rights. City wanted to show they were the better team, like they did in the Carabao Cup, while United needed a big win if they wanted to stay in the hunt for a Champions League place. The sun was beaming on Old Trafford and the stadium was full of anticipation before kick-off. Like they often have in games against the top six this season, United opted for a back five in order to cope with the pressure from the visitors. City were without De Bruyne, arguably their best player, but still had more than enough attacking quality on the pitch with Aguero, Sterling and Bernardo Silva. City’s defence looked slightly depleted however, with Laporte out and Fernandinho having to
play centre-back, as he has consistently done throughout the season. United had to cope with a lot of pressure from City in the first few minutes, but the game quickly turned. The hosts were able to control the game even without having much possession of the ball for large periods of time. This was largely down to Fernandes, Fred and Matic, who all had fantastic performances in midfield. United’s defence also had one of its best performances too. Both teams were creating chances, making for an entertaining and tight match. The first goal came from a free-kick taken by new star Bruno Fernandes, who made a lovely chip pass to Martial who put the ball passed Ederson. It should have been a routine save for Ederson but the ball managed to snake under his arms. While City would argue that the foul for the free kick should have never been given in the first place, on the balance of play United deserved the lead.
Photo: Higor Douglas @ Wikimnedia Commons
United continued to have chances, many through James who failed to make the right decisions in the final third, but City also managed to create some opportunities as well, with Sterling having the best of the them. The game resumed its expected pattern late on in the second half, when City were trying to equalise. United were hanging on, helped by the fans who created an electric atmosphere. In stoppage time, the Manchester rain arrived and Ighalo came on who managed to calm the game down. Relief did not set in for United until yet another mistake from Ederson. City’s number one, under little pressure, threw the ball beyond his own player to McTominay who, from forty yards, stunned the crowd with a long-range goal. United were ecstatic. The game finished 2-0 and United completed the double over City in the Premier League, with Solskjaer becoming only the second manager to beat Guardiola three times in a season. Pep Guardiola’s side played well
enough, but they often looked like they were running out of ideas and were unable to create many clear-cut chances. United are now unbeaten in ten but have some tricky games coming up. However, spirits are high and with a far less depleted squad and the likes of Fernandes, Fred and Maguire in good form, the fans are starting to believe in manager Solskjaer. City still have the Champions League to battle for and look likely to beat Real Madrid in the last-16 after a 2-1 away firstleg win. But with a two year ban in the CL starting next season, plus their seventh loss in the PL this season, the most ever in a season for Guardiola, things could be better. United arguably have the bragging rights of Manchester despite losing to City in the Carabao Cup. And who knows, maybe in the near future United will rise to City’s level and stay there consistently, giving us a chance to see a Manchester battle for the title once again.
Photo: Pexels @ Pixabay
Coronavirus creates uncertain sporting outlook If a goal is scored in a match and no one is around to cheer it, does it make a sound? Kate Jackson Chief Sub-Editor
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he immediate future of international sport is on uncertain ground after several sporting events, matches and tournaments have been cancelled, postponed or are under threat of being cancelled following the rapid spread of the coronavirus. The virus, which has now been deemed a pandemic by the World Health Organisation, has lead to significant disruption to the end of the footballing season in particular. The biggest impact was initially seen in Italy due to the recent lockdown of the country’s borders, with all outdoor gatherings banned and social spaces such as cinemas and museums being closed. After dozens of matches were cancelled or postponed, Serie A has now been officially suspended until the 3rd of April. It has also been announced that Juventus centre-back Daniele Rugani has tested positive for the virus. Similar measures have been implemented in the French and Spanish leagues. Ligue 1 matches will be played behind closed doors or will be limited to 1,000 people in attendance until the 15th of April, while in La Liga all matches have been suspended until the 5th of April. In the UK, while the government has not implemented a ban on sporting events or large gatherings, the footballing authorities in England have suspended football at all levels until the 3rd of April at the earliest. This includes the Premier League, the English Football League, and the Women’s Super League and Championship. The Scottish FA have cancelled domestic games indefinitely while the Wales FA have suspended games until the 4th of April. The first match on English soil to be affected was the scheduled Wednesday night Premiere League fixture between Manchester City and Arsenal. The game was postponed as a result of
Inside Sport:
Arsenal players coming into contact with Olympiakos owner Evangelos Marinakis, following their Europa League defeat against the Greek team.
“It has been announced that Arsenal manager Mikel Arteta has tested positive for the virus” Marinakis revealed he had contracted COVID-19 the day before Arsenal’s game with Manchester City, which led to the announcement that the game would be pushed back. Arsenal said in a statement that the players were self-isolating as a precautionary measure but that the 14-day period would be ending on Friday. Since then it has been announced that Arsenal manager Mikel Arteta has tested positive for the virus, with West Ham personnel who came into contact with him at last weekend’s fixture undergoing a period of self-isolation. Chelsea’s Callum Hudson-Odoi has also tested positive for the virus and many other clubs in the Premier League have reported that a player or a group of players have reported feeling unwell and will also undergo a period of isolation. This includes Watford, Everton and Bournemouth. The Professional Footballers’ Association (PFA) have now welcomed the decision to suspend the footballing leagues: “We have been in regular dialogue with both the leagues and have communicated direct concerns from PFA delegates and senior players on behalf of their respective squads. The leagues shared these concerns.”
United complete double over City
With announcements about leagues being postponed or being played without crowds being announced on a daily basis, there was some concern over whether or not it is right for matches to be played without fans in attendance. Gary Neville believes games should not be played behind closed doors and that postponing games is the only fair decision for the authorities to take. He said on Twitter: “I do NOT support matches played behind closed doors. If it’s necessary to shut down stadiums the associations must find a way of delaying the season and playing the games when it is safe to do so to protect the revenues for clubs that require this income to survive.” Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola also questioned the notion of playing games behind closed doors: “Does football work without spectators. If the people can’t come there is no sense. We will follow what we have to do but I wouldn’t like to do it without the people.”
“There are significant concerns over what will happen with the Olympic Games in Japan” While at the moment all leagues are just suspended rather than cancelled, fans may be concerned that, should things get worse, there is a chance that competitions could be cancelled altogether. It is also unclear what the timeline will be in the lead up to the 2020 European Championships this summer. The tournament is under a lot more pressure than a typical Euros given that the event is set to take place at locations across
Europe rather than in the one or two countries that it usually is. The first match is currently scheduled to take place in Rome but the current stance of UEFA is the tournament will go ahead as planned: “EURO 2020 will kick off on 12th June 2020 in Rome. Uefa is in touch with the relevant international and local authorities regarding the coronavirus and its development. There is no need to change anything in the planned timetable. The issue will be kept under constant scrutiny.” Uefa have announced, however, that there will be a meeting on Tuesday the 17th of March to discuss postponing this summer’s tournament. Outside of football, there are significant concerns over what will happen with the Olympic Games in Japan, which is set to start in July. There has been recent controversy with the Tokyo 2020 organising committee after it was suggested that the Olympics could be postponed for one to two years by a member of the board, Haruyuki Takahashi. The President of the committee, Yoshiro Mori, promptly called a press conference to refute Takahashi’s comments and to reiterate that the plans for the upcoming Games were unchanged. “There is no plan now to change our plans. I have spoken to Mr Takahashi and he has apologised. He certainly said an outlandish thing.” While the committee are planning to go ahead with the Olympic Games, the virus is spreading at such an alarming rate that the future is very uncertain when it comes to summer sporting events. The spread of the virus has also led to events being affected in other sports such as golf, with five European Tour events and three Challenge Tour events being cancelled; MotoGP, and the rescheduling of Argentina Grand Prix; and in tennis, with the upcoming Fed Cup finals being postponed.
Lionesses crash out of She Believes Cup after loss to Spain