t½kPfOD;u Mu,feD Ä t½kPfOD;u Mu,feDjzm Adv k cf sKyfatmifqef;yg/ Ä wkdYArmjynf tarSmifwGif; ol acgif;aqmifvdkY vif;/ Ä pdwf&if;rSefvkYd opömwnf AdkvfcsKyf tmZmenf/ Ä wkdY jynfaumif;atmif olo,fydk; olU*kPf b,frnd§K;/ Ä ½dk;om;ajzmifhrwf olUrl&m i,fi,fwnf;uyg/ Ä Armjynfol tcspfyef; AdkvfcsKyf OD;atmifqef;/
/
wifrdk;
Zmwdyfzdkvf ppfyGJ t*Fvdyfbmom Nutmeg ½ku©aA'emrnf Zmwdyfzkdvf-[ka&;ygrnf/ þjrefrmjynfonf uRef;opfESifhywfoufí e,fcsJUESihf ppfjzpfzl;onf/ xkYdtwl þaq;opfoD; ESifh ywfoufí ppfjzpfz;l onf/ ,if;ukd Zmwdyzf kv d f ppfyGJ[kac:ygonf/ rmvm,k(,ck-rav;&Sm;) vnf; wif;owåKESifhywfoufí ppfjzpfzl;onf/ anmif&rf;acwftukef tavmif;rif;w&m;BuD; rif;tjzpfukd ,lawmfrrlcifumvukd 17&mpk[k owfrSwMf uonf/ þumvwGif 'wfcsv f lrsKd ;wkYd\ Edkiif o H nf Oa&mywGif tcsr;f omqk;H Edkiif jH zpfvm\/ Zmwdyzf v kd o f ;D ]]t0,fEiS t hf a&mif;}}ukd vuf0g;BuD; tkyfxm;Edkifí jzpfonf/ Oa&mywGif aq;trnftm;vk;H vkv d ükd þtoD; ygonf/ xkt d cgu ,ckacwfvkd acwfraD q;0g;rsm; ray:ao;/ wkdif;&if;aq;rsm;ukdyJ tm;ukd;Mu& onf/c&pfouú&mZf 1347ckESpfwGif jzpfyGm;aom yvdyaf &m*guyfqk;d BuD;(xkpd Ofu <uufavS;udkuí f jzpfonf[k rodMuao;)Oa&mywpfcGif usa&muf pOf vlrsm;pGm aoqk;H Mu&m þaq;toD; vkaH vmuf pGm r&&Sí d [k ,kMH unfMuonf/ þtoD;onf tpm; taomuf [if;arT;rqvmwGif yg0ifonf/ qdwf om;[k emrnfwyfí a&mif;aom okd;om;onf ykd í]]nD§}}onf/ xkdaMumifh Zmwdyzf kdvfoD;ukd okH;& Myristica fragrans
onf/ vlaoudk wm&Sncf Hatmif jyKjyif&maq;wGif vnf; yg0ifonf/ ,kwfpGtqkH; þaq;oD;udk umrtm;wk;d aq;[kvnf; a&S;u ,kMH unfMuonf/ aq;oD;awG b,fuvmonfukd Oa&myom; wkdY ]]odrSmpkd;í}}AD;epfNrdKUukefonfrsm;u rajym/ olwdkYu wpfqifhcH yGJpm;awG/ tm&yfurÇmrSm&SdwJh tm&yfukeo f nfawGvnf;odawmh enf;enf;odw,f/ 'Daq;oD;awG tm&Swkdufu vmonf/ b,fae&m uvnf; ajcajcjrpfjrpfrod olwkdYqD wkduf½dkuf o,faqmifvmaom]]'dk;}}ac:tm&yf&GufoabFm om;rsm;uvnf; rajym/ oufouf rdrw d u Ykd , kd u f sKd ; pD;yGm;udk umuG,fvkdíjzpfonf/ ,lvmonfrSm ]],aeYtif'ked D;&Sm;Edkiif Hykid }f }(bef'guRef;uav;)rS jzpfonf/ okd;om;u(qdwfom;xuf)awmfawmf]]n§D}} onf/ tn§eD aYH ysmufatmif ]]rqvm}}xnf&h onf/ ykdí pm;csifpzG,fjzpfvmonf/ [kd;a&S;a&S;u rqvmazmf&atmif opfBuHyk;d -zmvmaph tp&So d nf wkdYukd Oa&mywGif wpfzJhpD wpfvkH;pDa&mif;onf/ qif;&Jom;rsm; 0,frpm;Edkií f avatmufrS teHYcH& onf[k ajymprSwf&Sdonf/ Awfpukd '*grm; u,fvDuwf(tdE´d,)okdY a&muf v monf u k d tm&yf r sm; tH h M ooG m ;\/ umvduwfonf ]][if;cyf}}rsm;a&mif;0,fonfh
aps;uGufBuD;jzpf\/ Awfpukd '*grm; a&mufvm jcif;onf tm&yfwkdYusqkH;jcif;jzpfonf/ Oa&myrS &Guo f abFmrsm; vrf;yGio hf mG ;NyDjzpf&m pyde-f ay:wl*D -t*Fvyd w f t Ykd NydKif tvkt,uf vuf0g;BuD;tkyMf u &if; wku d Mf u cku d Mf uawmhrnfh tajctaeokYad &muf vmawmhrnfjzpfonf/ ]][if;cyf}}tarT;tBudKifrsm; jrefrmjynf
q&m0ef wifarmifMunf
tygt0if ta&SUawmiftm&SEdkifiHtm;vkH; tenf; trsm; xGufonfom/ Oyrm zmvmaph -uarÇm 'D;,m; um'grGefawmifwef;rsm;wGif xGufonf/ odkY&mwGif [ko d nfoGm;í pkp&mrvkd zDvDykid f uRef; EdkifiHrsm;wGif pkHpkH&Edkifonf/ tcsyfydk (*) odkY á
txl;tcsyfy(dk c) usecf o hJ nfh 2014ckEpS f 'DZifbmvu c&D;twef axmufonfh ppfukdi;f wdki;f a'oBuD;xJu e,fNrdKU av;wpfNrdKUqD pmaya[majymyGJoGm;jzpfonf/ vrf;yef;qufo, G af &; cufcu J m tat;'Pf jyif; xefaomfjim; xkNd rdKUuav;rSm rk;d aumif;ajraumif; ESihf oD;ESw H Ykd pkjd ynfzUHG xmG ;onf/ opfa&mif;0,fjcif; vnf; xGef;um;onf/ a&Tvnf;aumif;aumif; xGufygonf/ e,fcHvli,fvl&G,ftrsm;pk a&Twl;jcif;jzifh pD;yGm;&SmMuonf/ vkH;BuD;cJBuD;yku d rf o d lawGvnf; awGU&onf/ qkH;½IH;olawGvnf; jrif&onf/ rdb rsm;\ pD;yGm;a&; aumif;rGejf cif;ESihf yHhyk;d rIaumif; jcif;wkdYaMumifh aq;wuúokdvf? tif*sifeD,m wuúokv d ?f ynma&;wuúokdvx f GuEf Sihf wufqJ vli,frsm;vnf; r&Sm;yg/ ynma&;? pD;yGm;a&; ESpfckpvkH; rajyvnfaomaMumifhjzpfap? ykdufqH aygíjzpfap rl;,pfaq;okH;pGJaeol vli,fawG vnf; rsm;vSonf/ ]'Dbufykdif; ykdvkdYawmifrsm; ao;w,f}[k NrdKUcHawGu ajymMuonf/ xkdjzpf&yfukd rnfokdYajz&Sif;Murnfenf;/ bmaMumifhjzpf&oenf;[k pum;0kdif;zGJUjzpfMu onf/ vlBuD;rdbawGuawmh uk, d o hf m; orD;awG ukd bGJU&atmif ynmoifray;EdkifvkdY[k pdwf raumif;jzpfp&m ajymMuonf/ vli,fawGu rajyvnfaom pD;yGm;a&;ESihf aea&;xkid af &;wkYdukd tjypfrsm;rsm; zkMYd uonf/ ESpOf ;D ESpzf uf aomuawG udk,pf DESiho f m/ xkt d cgynmwwfrS(olwkdYtxif bGJU&rS) b0ukd atmifjrifpGm &yfwnfEdkifrSmvm;/ bGJYr&? ynm rwwfvQif atmifjrifaom b0 &yfwnfrIukd r&Edkib f l;vm; [laom ar;cGe;f ay:vmonf/ ar; vnf; ar;Muonf/ xkad r;cGe;f uk-d ynmtod&SdvQif aumif;onf/ todynm&Sd f Qif vQifawmh ykad umif;onf/ pmrsm;rsm;zwfEkdiv tvGefaumif;onf[k ajzcJhonf/ ynmwwfwpfa,muf jzpfvmzkdY owfrSwf xm;aom ynma&;pepfwpfcktwGi;f ? twwfynm wpfck\ abmiftwGif; oif,l&onf/ ykHao jy|mef;csufrsm;twkdif; oif,l? usufrSwf ajzqdk &onf/ pmar;yGJatmif½kHom qkdvQifawmh xkd twwfonf Muufwal &G; EIww f ku d f &Gwaf ewmrsKd ; yJ jzpfaernf/ xkdpmudk taMumif;jyKí tokH;cs onfh tqif?h xyfrcH sUJ xiG Ef kid o f nfh tqifu h kad &muf rSom wu,fwwfajrmufjcif;jzpf\/ wu,f wwfajrmufzdkY tm;xkwfonfhtcg pmzwfzdkY vkd onf/ todynm <u,f0zkdYtwGuf avhvmoif,l &mum; avmuESihft0ef; us,fjyefYvSonf/ aoonftxd oif,lvkdY rukefEdkif/ udk,fwkdifu f avmuf udk,&f rnf tm;xkwEf kid &f if tm;xkwEf kid o yif/ udk,af vhvmrSwo f m;rIawG ckid rf mzdk?Y aocsmzkYd twGuf pm emem zwfEkdiaf tmif BudK;pm;&rSm jzpf \/ ynmwwfzkjYd zpfap? todynm&zkjYd zpfap oGm; &onfh c&D;wGif rdb? q&morm;ESifh ywf0ef;usif onf tumt&HrQom/ rdrdudk,fwkdif odjrifrIu rS wu,fhtESpfom& jzpfonf/ ukd,fukd,fwkdif rodrem;vnfoa&GUwu d sreS u f efaom qk;H jzwfcsuf ukd r&Edkif/ ckdifrmaom &yfwnfrIvnf; r&Edkif/ pmzwfjcif;u trSm;? trSeu f kd a0zefykid ;f jcm; &mwGif rsm;pGmtaxmuftuljyKonf/ trSm;odukd
19-7-2020
ukd,fhukd,fukd,f odatmifvkyfyg
ESif;qDatmif
trSefodxH ykdYaqmifay;zkdYvnf; pmzwfjcif;uom ulnDaxmufyHhEdkifygonf/ vlwpfa,muftwGuf tajccHynm wwfxm;zkaYd wmh tvGet f a&;BuD;onf/ xkdvkdtyfcsufu wkdif;jynfwpfjynftwGufvnf; vkdtyfonf/ tajccHynmoif,lcGifh uav;wkdif; jynfh0pGm&&SEd kdiaf &; tm;vkH; 0dki;f 0ef;tm;xkwaf pcsif ygonf/ tajccHynm[k bmaMumihf ajym&ygoenf;/ tajctaetaMumif;aMumif;rsm;aMumifh ausmif;quf rwufEdkifolawGtaeESifh b0&yfwnfrItwGuf toufarG;0rf;ausmif; ynmwpfck? twwfynm wpfck oif,Ml u&onf/ xko d if,rl w I ikd ;f wGif tajccH twkdif;txGmawG &Sdonf/ tav;csdefawG &Sdonf/ tuGmta0;awG &Sdonf/ xkdt&mawGudk rSwfEdkif? zwfEdkif&ef tajccH ynmvkdygonf/ tajccHynm wwfajrmufNyD;ol wpfOD;taeESifh udk,hfyifukd,f ÓPf&nfESifh twwfynmqD oGm;&wm ykdaumif; onf/ vsijf refonf/ uRefrwkYd aexkid &f m &yfuGux f yd w f Gif okH;xyf wkduf wpfvkH;&Sdonf/ wkdufatmufxyf wpfckvkH; BuD;rm;us,fjyefYaom pufcsKyfvkyfief;u ae&m,l xm;onf/ pufcsKyfrdef;uav; (10)a,mufcefY &So d nf/ ykid &f iS t f rsKd ;orD;i,fonf rlvwef;yJ atmif ygonf/ rlvwef;u xGufNyD; pufynm oif,l onf/ tck olYtouf (30)rjynfhao;/ olYb0udk atmifjrifpmG &yfwnfEkid ½f o kH mru armifErS rdom;pk awGukyd g wm0ef,El kid yf gonf/ tvkyo f rm; rdom;pk awGukd apmifha&SmufEkdio f nf/ olYqikd w f iG f (10)wef; okH;cgusNyD; qufrajz Edkiaf wmhojzifh pufcsKyfvm oifonfh orD;i,fwpfOD; &Sdonf/ xko d rD;u ]]apmapmuwnf;u udk,fhtajctaeudk odcJh&if tarwkY?d tazwdkYvnf; ryifyef;bl;/ orD; vnf; pdwf'ku©ra&mufbl;/ ckrS pufcsKyfynm vmoif&awmh enf;enf; tm;i,frw d ,f}}vkYd ajymjy onf/ olYpum;xJu ]]apmapmuodvku d &f if}}qkd onfh tok;H tEIe;f udk uRerf 0ef;usiw f iG f rMumrMum Mum;&ygonf/ vQyfppfvkyfief;vkyfukdifol vli,fwpfOD; &Sdonf/ olu &Spfwef;txd ausmif;aecJh&onf/ ausmif;xGufuwnf;u OD;av;awmfolwpfOD;xH
wGif vQyfppfynmoiftjzpf a&mufoGm;onf/ olaY tmufu nD? nDrawGukad wmh ynma&; qk;H cef; wkid af tmif olyHhyk;d ay;Edkicf Jhonf/ olYnD ausmif;NyD; awmh tvky&f Smonf/ ukrÜPDum;armif;? ta&mif; 0efxrf; ponfjzifh okH;ESpfcefY tvkypf kHatmif vkyf onf/ oifxm;onfh ynmESihf vufawGUvkyfief; cGirf mS BuHKawGU&onfu tpyft[yfrwnf/h tqif rajy/ Mumawmh olpdwf"mwfusvmonf/ olY tpfukdav;uawmh vQyfppfynmukd xJxJ0if0if avhvmvku d pf m;cJholrkYd txyfjrifhtaqmufttkHawG uefx½du k &f onf/ tvkyo f rm;tkypf w k pfpk xlaxmif &onf/ tdrrf Sm rD;yl? xrif;aygif;tk;d ? a&cJaowåm ESifh wDADawGuvnf; jyifzkdY tykHvkduf/ tpfukdu olu Y dk tultnDawmif;onf/ tvkyu f jrifraumif; atmif ykaH eonft h wGuf ol tifwifwif prf;w0g; 0g;ESifh vkyfay;&onf/ tckawmh olu wkdufcef;iSm;um vQyfppf ypönf; jyifqifonfhqkdifuav; zGifhonf/ wcsdKU vQyfppfypönf;awGukd a&mif;onf/ vrf;rSm awGUonfhtcg ]]apmapmuwnf;u vky&f rSm q&mra&/ tck uRefawmfzke;f awG ukid af eNyD/ tJ'gvnf; tqifajy w,f}}vkYd oGuo f u G Nf yHK;NyHK;ajymwwfonf/ zke;f jyif qifjcif;uvnf; acwfpm;aeonfhtvkyfjzpf&m olrY mS rtm;&/ rtm;ayr,fh olMunf&h wm &Tiv f ef; vSonf/ bGJYwpfck&NyD;onfhwkdif tvkyfrnfrnf&& rvky/f avmif;upm;wpf0uf? rl;,pfaq;wpf0uf ESifh rdb cl;cyfxm;onfh xrif;[if;ukd uefausmuf oGeyf pfonfh vli,fawGvnf; &Sad eqJ-jzpf\/ wcsKd U rde;f uav;rsm; bGJU&? tdraf xmifus? om;orD;&NyD; ywfcsmvnf ,rf;vkYd aewwfonf/olwkYt d zkYd tcsed f uke?f aiGukecf H oif,x l m;&onfyh nmum; acsmifxJ ykx Yd m;&onfh tajctae/ twwfukd todjzpfatmif rzefwD;EdkifolawG jzpfMu\/ tvkt d yfqkH;jzpfonfh vufawGUb0tay: xdk; xGif;odjrifqifjcifEdkifaom ]todw&m;}ukd rqkyf ukid Ef ikd o f al wGtwGuf ab;vlawG tNrJyifyef;&onf/ tNrJwrf; jznfhvkYrd jynfhEkdio f lawG? vufa0cH? vuf jzefYcHawG? ul;pufa&m*g\ uyfyg;ykd;awGvkd vlrI 0ef;usifukd npfEGrf;apolawG? udk,fhudk,fukd,fyif
odatmif tm;rxkwfEdkifolawG/ xkdolawGtwGuf uawmh tNrJwrf; wpfckckukd tjypfzkYad ejcif;uko d m tazmfjyKMu&onf/ rdbaMumifh? olrsm;aMumifhqkd hf s½;HI xJ w0Jvnfvnf/ udk,t hf m; onfh qifajcESiu omcsu?f uk, d hftm;enf;csuu f krd S odatmif tm;r xkwEf kid v f Qif wjcm;t&mawGukd odyaf rQmv f ifv h rYkd &/ udk,fhrodrIukdawmh arhavsmhaeMuonf/ ud, k w f idk f &SmazG&,lEikd o f nfh todynmavmuf aumif;rnfht&m r&S/d bGJU&jcif;? r&jcif;u t"du jyóem r[kwf/ tajccHynmtqifhESifhyif b0 toufarG;0rf;ausmif;twGuf pdwaf t;&ygonf/ udk,w f kid o f v d kd wwfvkd &SmazGvkd pdwt f m;aumif; oavmuf atmifjrifjcif;ukd arQmfvihfvkdY&onf/ pmawGUESifh vufawGUnDvQif? nDatmifn§dEdkifvQif xdyfukd a&mufNyD/ b,folrQ wm;r&/ uRefrwkdY &yf&GmxJwGif awme,frsm;rS wuf vmNyD; xifxif&mS ;&Sm; BuD;yGm;csr;f omaeMuolawG trsm;BuD; &Syd gonf/ bk;d bGm;tpOftquf vkyif ef; pkBuD;rsm;ukd atmifjrifpGm xlaxmifEkdicf Jholrsm;udk MunfhMunfhyg/ olwdkY\ tOD;tponf ½dk;om;pGm BudK;pm;avhvmaombkd;ab;rsm; jzpfcJhMuonf/ olwkx Yd rH S atmifjrifrI toD;tyGiu hf kd ajr;jrpfrsm;u csdKNrdefpGm cHpm;pHpm;aeMu&onf/ uRefrwkdYa&SUu yk*¾dKvfBuD;rsm;onf acwftajctaet& aopm &Sipf mESihf vlvm;ajrmufcJhMu&olawG rsm;ygonf/ onftxJurS xdyq f kH;a&mufatmif wufEkdicf JhMu onfrSm todynm <u,f0rIaMumifh jzpf\/ wcsKd U vkyif ef;pkrsm;wGif acwfynmwwf rsKd ;qufopfrsm; 0ifa&mufvmcJhojzifh Edkiif Hwumtqifhukd wk;d 0if vmEdkicf o hJ nf/ ynmtodEiS hf todynmwk\ Yd aygif; pyfrIaMumifh&onfh atmifjrifrIu ykdNyD; xkxnf BuD;onf/ t&m&mwGif udk,o f mvQif t"duusygonf/ udk,t hf aMumif;uk, d o f ad tmif t&ifqk;H BudK;pm;yg/ aemufusrS od&onfxuf apmNyD;od&wm ykad umif; ygonf/ ynmtodukd &Smyg/ ynmtodESifh todynmMum;rSm eH&Hyg;yg;av; jcm;aeonfukd owdjyKrdoltwGuaf wmh b0wHwkid ;f u BuD;us,f jrifhrm;vmrSm aocsmygonf/ t&ifqkH; udk,hfukd,u f kd,f odatmif vkyyf g/
19-7-2020
txl;tcsyfy(kd *)
txD;usefa0'em jrefrmjynfrSmr&Sd NyD;cJhwJhwe*FaEGaeYu i,foli,fcsif; 5 a,muf tcsed ;f tcsuv f kyNf yD; a&mufvmMuw,f/ a&MunfrSm tajccsaexkid w f Jh oli,fcsi;f q&m0ef u vmr,fvYkd zke;f BudKqufxm;wJt h wGuf &efukef rSm vufvSr;f rDwJh oli,fcsi;f 4a,mufeJY csed ;f NyD; a&mufvmMuwmjzpfw,f/ rif;igajym&wJt h &om oli,fcsi;f tm;vkH;u rEÅav;zmom;vzke;f ausmif;rSm twlaecJMh uolawGjzpfawmh tckxd wpf a,mufeJYwpfa,muf emrnfajymifawGeJYyJac:NyD; ajymMuqkMd uqJjzpfw,f/ tcsi;f csi;f awGUvu kd w f m eJY ]a[hNzHK;}? ]a[hAdaE¨m}? ]a[hqifBuD;}vkdYyJ tm;yg;w& EIwq f ufMuwmjzpfw,f/ tm;vk;H [m 70 wef;awGcsn;f ygyJ/ ajr;u aumvdyaf &mufol awmif &SdaeygNyD/ 'Dt&G,frSm wpfa,mufeJYwpf a,muf [efvkyfrae&bJ rif;eJY igeJY tm;&yg;& ac:NyD; pum;ajym&wJh t&om b,favmufcsKd Nrdef w,fqw kd m BuHKzl;olawGrS odEkid Mf uwm jzpfw,f/ 'Dtouft&G,frSm 'Dvkd rif;eJY igeJYajymvkdY&wJh oli,fcsi;f 'gavmufrsm;rsm;pm;pm;&Sw d m 0rf;om p&modyfaumif;w,f/ 'gawmif tquftoG,f jywfaeMuvkdY/ &efukefrSmwif vzkef;ausmif;om; a[mif;awG tawmfrsm;rsm;&Sdw,f/ wcsdKUu rodvYkd rqufo, G rf w d m/ wcsKd Uusawmh odayr,fh vufvrS ;f rrDjzpfNyD; tqufjywfaeMuwmjzpfw,f/ q&muefawmhyGJaus;Zl; tck oli,fcsi;f ig;a,mufqNHk yD; a&mufvmMu wmawmif wu,fawmh q&muefawmhyGJaus;Zl; aMumihf jzpfw,f/ NyD;cJhwJh Zefe0g&D 10&ufaeYu rEÅav;rSm 12Budrfajrmuf q&muefawmhyGJ vkyf Muw,f/ tJ'D&ufrwdkifcifrSm rEÅav;rSmaewJh touf 70 ausmfausmif;om;a[mif;BuD;awGu jyefqkEH kid af tmif BudK;pm;MuygvkYd vSr;f NyD;wku d w f eG ;f
Muw,f/ 'ku©dwrdkY udk,u f roGm;Edkiaf yr,fh usef oli,fcsif;awGukd taMumif;Mum;NyD; aqmfMo ay;vk d u f w ,f / 'gayr,f h &uf o d y f u yf a erS od&awmh rpDpOfEkdiMf ubl;/ uefawmhyGJNyD;oGm;awmh &efukefu wm0ef,l vIyf&Sm;aqmif&Gufay;MuwJh vli,fykdif; ausmif;om;a[mif;awG a&mufvmNyD; q&muefawmhyJGtaMumif; owif;ay;ajymMum;&if; aemufESprf Sm oGm;jzpfatmifoGm;MuzkYd wdkuw f Ge;f Mu w,f/ 'geJY aemufwpfywfrSm olwkdYvli,ftkyfpkeJY qkHzkdY oli,fcsif;av;a,mufudk csdef;vdkufw,f/ tJ'DvkdqkHMu&if; a&Munfu oli,fcsif;udkyg zkef; qufNyD; wpfa,mufwpfayguf0dkif;ajymMuwm aMumifh oli,fcsif;u raeEdkifawmhbJ &efukefukd aygufcsvmwmjzpfw,f/ jrefrmjynfrSmae&wm auseyfw,f q&muefawmhyq JG kw d m q&mawGukd aus;Zl;qyf uefawmhMu½ko H mru oli,fcsi;f a[mif;awGyg jyef vnfqkHawGUapwmaMumifh tifrwefrSukd wefzdk;&Sd wJyh rJG sKd ; jzpfw,f/ acwf&J Uvkt d yfcsut f & tckacwf rSm ykdNyD;us,fus,fjyefYjyefY xGef;um;vmwmjzpfvkdY vli,fawGukd aus;Zl;wifp&maumif;vSygw,f/ aeYpOfowif;pmawG vSefvkdufwJhtcgwdkif; te,f e,ft&yf&yfu ausmif;toD;oD;&J U q&muefawmhyJG owif;awG okH;av;yk'rf ygwJhaeY&,fvkYd r&Syd gbl;/ tifrwefMunfEl;0rf;ajrmuf&wJh r*Fvmowif;rsKd ; jzpfygw,f/ urÇmrSm 'Dvykd rJG sKd ; b,fEkid if rH mS rSr&Sb d J jrefrmwpfEdkifiHwnf;rSmyJ awGUEdkifwmjzpfvkdYvnf; jrefrmEdkiif HrSmae&wm auseyftm;&jzpf&ygw,f/ txD;usefoli,fcsif; i,foli,fcsif;awGeJY qkHawGUNyD; rif;wpfvkH; igwpfvkH;eJY a&S;a[mif;aESmif;jzpfawGajym&wm tenf;qkH; toufwpfESpfavmufawmh ykd&SnfoGm; r,fxifw,f/ olwt Ykd m;vk;H jyefomG ;MuwJh tcgus
á tcsyfydk (u) rS þuRef;tm;vkH;wGif Oa&mywGif tokH;0ifaom aps;tBuD;qkH;onf ZmwdyfzkdvfoD;jzpfonf/ þtoD;onf b,fae&mrSrayguf-vkH;0rayguf Bandas ]]bef'g}}ac: uRef;i,fav;wGifom aygufonf/ þuRef;ukd e,fcsJUtm;vkH;u t&Surf &Sd ]]wku d cf ku d -f vk,uf-tiwfBuD;usMuykH}}ukd a&;yg rnf/ &Guo f abFmvrf;aygufomG ;NyDjzpfí yxrOD;qk;H a&mufvmolrmS ay:wl*ED kid if jH zpfonf/ ay:wl*o D nf a&wyftiftm;BuD;EdkifiHr[kwf NydKifbufpydefEdkifiH&Sdao;onf/ xkdYaMumifh taMumif;oifhol 'wfcsf( e,fomvif)Edkiif Hukd wpfqifhcHH Sub-contract jyKí a&mif;0,fonf/ 'wfcsw f kYo d nf pD;yGm;wk;d wufvm NyD; a&wyftiftm;BuD;xGm;vmonf/ c&pfouú&mZf 1580jynfhESpw f iG f ay:wl*Donf pydev f ufatmufokYd a&mufoGm;aomtcg a&wyftiftm;BuD;ESifh toifhjzpfaeaom 'wfcsfonf ZmwdyfzkdvfoD;xGufaom ]]bef'g}}uRef;om;rsm;tay: tpGrf;ukefnpfywf cGifh&oGm;avawmhonf/ b,favmufjrwfovJ a&;OD;rnf/ bef'guRef;uav;ay:wGif q,faygiftav;csed &f Sad om Zmwdyf zkdvfoD; wpftdwfukd wpfyJeday;&\/ 'wfcsfrsm; vef'efaps;uGufwGif 2aygif 10oQDvifESifh a&mif;cs&m tqaygif; 68000(ajcmufaomif;&Spfaxmif)jrwfonf/ e,fcsJUcsif; vnfvSD;ouJhokdY&Sdonf/ onfvkd ESihf e,fomvifEdkifiHi,fav;onf xkdacwfu Oa&mywGiftcsrf;omqkH;jzpfvmonf/ vef'efaps;uGufu ZmwdyfzkdvfoD;tqrsm;pGm vkdaomfvnf; wkd;ír&Edkifacs/ bef'g uRef;uav; wGif tkyfcsKyfol bk&if&Sdonf/ rlvu pydefESifh aemif'wfcsf tapmifhrsm;yif aecGifhray;/ b,faumifrS raumif; wpfaeYvufeuftm;ukd;ESifh tEdkifusifhrnfh i½Iyfrsm;[k odNyD;jzpfonf/ 1603ckESpfwGif trnfr&Sd uRef;i,fav;ukd NAdwdoQa&wyfu odrf;,l\/ olydkifonf[k tvH pku d o f nf/ vlraeaom uRef;i,fav;onf bef'guRef;ESihfreD;yg/ okYd&mwGif Zmwdyzf kv d o f D;rsm; arSmifckd ckd;0,fEdkifonf/ (0,fvnf;0,fonf/ tyifaygufrsm;0,fí tdE´d,wGifpkdufonf/) 1606ckESpfwGif t*FvdyfESihf 'wfcsfwkdY a&aMumif;wkdufyGJ þuRef;rsm;teD; ppfjzpfMuonf/ av;ESpfMumonf/ t*Fvdyf
awmh 'Dvko d li,fcsi;f rsKd ;awGr&Sv d kYd txD;use&f mu aeNyD; t&uftk;d BuD;b0eJY ed*kH;csKyfoGm;cJh&wJh aum vdyrf mS twef;wlwufc&hJ wJh oli,fcsi;f wpfa,muf ukd ajy;NyD;owd&vkdufrdygw,f/ oli,fcsif;u Edkiif Hjcm;oGm; ynmoif yg&*lbGJU&NyD; Edkiif Hjcm;rSmyJ tvkyv f kyaf exkid yf gw,f/ tvkyw f v l kyw f hJ Edkiif jH cm; olet YJ aMumif;ygNyD; om;orD;awGymG ;pD;ygw,f/ BuD; vmawmh om;orD;awGu olwkdYukd,fykdifb0awG xlaxmifNyD; [kad &muf'aD &muf a&mufukeMf uvkYd ZeD; armifESHESpaf ,mufyJ useyf gw,f/ ESpaf ,mufwnf; usew f t hJ cgusawmh e*ku d t&ufBudKuw f o hJ il ,fcsi;f u ydkaomufNyD; ykrd l;ygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh vifr,m; wusuu f sujf zpfNyD; uGmMu&Si;f MuwJhtxd jzpfomG ; ygw,f/ yckH;iSm;wJhtvkyf wpfa,mufwnf;jzpfoGm;awmh oli,fcsi;f u wjcm;EdkifiHwpfcku wuúokdvfwpfckudkajymif;NyD; tvkyfvkyfygw,f/ tJ'DEdkifiHrSmae&if; rMumcP zkef;qufwwfw,f/ wpfcgquf&if wpfem&DMum atmif pum;awG a jymygw,f / wpf c gwav pum;awGajym&if;uaeNyD; rl;rl;½l;½l;eJ½Y u dI Bf uD;wiif idkcsifidkcsvkdufwmyg/ ighrSm pum;ajymp&m rif; wpfa,mufyJ&SdvkdY cGifhvTwfNyD; em;axmifay;yg oli,fcsif;&mvkdYvnf; owd0ifwJhtcg awmif;yef avh&ydS gw,f/ ausmif;q&mb0eJY ESpaf ygif; ESpq f ,f tpdwfavmuf ]yckH;iSm;}wJhtvkyf usifhom;&aeNyD jzpfavawmh olzkef;qufwJhtcgwkdif; pdwf&Snf vuf&Snf em;axmifay;cJhygw,f/ 'DvkdeJYyJ olzkef; qufwJhtBudrfawG pdyfpdyfvmNyD; qufwkdif;vnf; ½IdufBuD;wiifidkwmcsnf;ygyJ/ aemufqkH;usawmh ol[m t½l;BuD;wpfa,mufvjkd zpfNyD; aqGa0;rsKd ;a0;? olrY o d m;pkeaYJ 0;wJh Edkiif w H pfckrmS uG,v f eG o f mG ;&Smyg w,f/
12345678901234 12345678901234 12345678901234 12345678901234 vlxk pdef0if; 12345678901234 12345678901234 12345678901234 txD;usefa0'em txD;usefa0'emeJY uG,fvGef&wmyg/ ynm awGwwfNyD; pm;0wfaea&; rylyifraMumifhMu&ay r,fh toufBuD;vkdY tazmfvkdtyfcsdefrSm olYcrsm Edkiif H&yfjcm; wdki;f wpfyg;rSm txD;usew f pfaumif <uuf jzpfae&Smw,f/ wdkifyifazmf wdkifyifzuf rdom;pkeJYuvnf;a0;? &ifzGifhp&m oli,fcsif; taygif;toif; tazmfuvnf;r&Sq d akd wmh pdwn f pf npfeYJ t&ufuykd J tazmfvkyaf ecJ&h w,f/ aemufq;kH BuH&mr&jzpfwJhtcgus jrefrmjynfuoli,fcsi;f qD zkef;qufNyD; &ifzGifh&Smw,f/ tdkrif;csdefrSm olom jrefrmjynfrmS &Sd aer,fq&kd if 'Dvt kd xD;useaf 0'emeJY ao&rSmr[kwyf gbl;/ jrefrmjynfqw kd mu taygif; toif;ukd tifrwefcifwwfMuwm/ NyD;awmh &yfaqG&yfrsdK;qkdwJhpdwf"mwfuvnf; odyfBuD;Mu wm/ aqGrJhrsKd ;rJh wpfaumuf<uuf jzpfapOD;awmh txD;usefawmh b,fawmhrS jzpfrSm r[kwfbl;/ tdrfeD;em;csif;? tcef;eD;csif;awGu rdwfaqGzGJUNyD; &if;&if;ESD;ESD;aeMurSmyJ/ [kdbuftdrfu [if; wpfcu G ?f 'Dbuftrd u f vufzufwpf½k;d awmh urf; vmykdYvmMurSmaocsmw,f/ 'DvkdeJYyJ tdrfeD;csif; awG[m ESpftdrfhwpftdrfjzpfNyD; aqGawGrsdK;awGvkd aeaeMuwm r[kwfvm;/ touf&Snfaq; oli,fcsif;taygif;toif;wkdY? i,faygif; BuD;azmfwkYd &yfaqG&yfrsKd ;wdkY qkw d mawGu touf &Snaf q;awGyg/ tdkrif;csed rf Sm tifrwefrSukd tzdk; wefvw S t hJ &mawGjzpfw,f/ tJ't D &mawGqu D &wJh ]arwåm}qkw d mrsKd ; aygaygrsm;rsm;eJY tvQyH ,f tcrJh &EdkifwJhae&mqkdvkdY jrefrmwpfEdkifiHwnf;yJ &Sdvdrfh r,fxifw,f/ jrefrmjynfrSmae&wm odypf w d cf sr;f om&ygw,f/
½IH;onf/ okdY&mwGif ppf½IH;aomfvnf; t*FvdyfjyefvmOD;rnf[k e,fcsJUcsif; ajcjrifonf/ 1871ckESpfwGif avmbBuD;vSaom 'wfcsfvufeufukdifrsm; bef'guRef;ay:wufvmNyD; &GmvlBuD;tm;vkH;owfonf/ 15ESpt f xdcseí f a,mufsm;tm;vkH;owfonf/ wpfaeYckcHrnfholtm;vkH;ukd owfjcif;jzpfonf/ 15ESpMf um aomtcg vlOD;a& 16000ausmfrS rdef;rESifhuav; 600OD;a&ausmfomusefawmh\/ 'wfcsfwkdYonf olwkdYxdef;odrf;xm;Edkifaom ae&mrSwpfyg;-usefae&mrsm;wGif aygufa&mufaom tyiftm;vkH;ukd tjrpfygrusefEIwfypf\/ uRef;ay:rS oabFmwifonfh toD;tm;vkH;ukd tyifrayguf ap&ef xkH;a&pdrv f ku d af o;\/ a'ocHuRef;om;rsm;tay: Adkvu f svGe;f í cPcP ppfjzpf-e,fcsJUtcsi;f csif;ESifhvnf;wkdufckduf&-aiGukefvlyef; rw&m;ojzifh vkyfwmrsm;awmh ukefoG,fwm r[kwfbJ "m;jy wkdufvk,ufwmjzpf-udk,fhraumif;uH ukd,hfjyeftusdK;ay;(pma&;q&mu onftwkdif;a&;ygonf) wjznf;jznf;ESihf ADtpkd D 'wfcsu f krP Ü v D nf; rGv J m\/ onftxJ 1770jynfEh pS w f iG f jyifopfvrl sKd ; yD&myku d yf g qko d lu Zmwdyzf kv d f tyifaygufrsm;pGmudk atmifjrifpGm ck;d xkwo f Gm;NyD; arm&d&Syu f Ref; xkrd Swpfzef um&d bd,efa'ouRef;rsm;pGmokYd jzefYípku d yf sKd ;vku d o f nf/ ESpu f mvMumvmaomtcg Zmwdyzf kdvo f D;rsm; ykí d ykí d xGuf&SdvmNyD; aps;EIef;usvmawmhonf/ 1778ckESpfwGif bef'guRef;teD; rD;awmif aygufuGJonf/ qlemrDvIdif;vkH;BuD; bef'guRef;ay: wufvmNyD; Zmwdyfzkdvftyif wpf0ufavmuf ysufpD;onf/ 1809ckEpS w f iG f 'kw, d tBudrf t*Fvyd Ef iS 'fh wfcsw f Ykd ppfjzpfMujyefonf/ bef'guRe;f ukd ppfEkid t f *Fvyd u f odrf;,lonf/ xkdYaemuf Zmwdyfzkdvftyifaygif;rsm;pGmukd oD[kdVf? tdE´d,? pifumylwkdY wGif&Sdaom pkdufcif;rsm;pGmwGif pkdufonf/ 'wfcsfwkdYonfvnf; ukefoG,fa&;ysufpD;NyD; a&wyftiftm;BuD;EdkifiH tjzpfrS avsmhqif;oGm;onf/ (Ethno-botany)a&;yg[k q&m0efBuD;wpfOD;u awmif;qdkí a&;om;yg onf/) Reference : Miss Cellinia, ''The Nutmeg Wars", Uncle John's Curiously Compelling Bathroom Reader,2012
txl;tcsyfy(dk C)
19-7-2020
pnfyifwJh jyifpnf EGm;xk;d BuD;NrdKUe,fxu J vrf;qk&H mG BuD;wpf&mG &JU trnfu jyifpnf&Gmaus;&Gmjzpfygw,f/ &efukefrEÅav; tjrefvrf;rBuD;teD;rSm&SdwJhtjyif wHwm; OD;- rvdIifc½dkifcsif;qufvrf;eJY jrpfom;-jrif;NcH vrf;wkYd qkH&mrSm&Sv d kYd pnfyifzGHUNzdK;wJh tnm&GmBuD; vnf; jzpfygw,f/ jyifpnf[m uke;f abmifacwfrmS rif;nDrif;om;awG tykdifpm;&wJh &mZ0ifxJu NrdKUwpfNrdKUjzpfcNhJ yD; tcktcgrSmawmh tnmaus;vuf u &GmBuD;wpf&Gm jzpfaeygNyD/ &mZm0ifxJrSmawmh jyifpnfrif;om;bGJUcHol ig;a,muftxd&Scd JhNyD; jyif pnfrif;om;armife*g;eJY jyifpnfrif;om;xdyw f ifyk wkdYu uAsm? pmay? aw;tvuFm? r[m*Dw zGJUoD&mrSm emrnfausmfygw,f/ t&ifu rEÅav;-jrif;NcHum;awG jrpfom;u jzwfMuvkdY jyifpnf[m c&D;wpfaxmufem;&m Mum;pcef;NrdKUav; jzpfcJhw,f/ tckawmh rEÅav; uae jrif;NcHomG ;Mur,hf tdrpf ;D um;awGu jrpfom; vrf;ukd rok;H MuawmhbJ wHwm;OD;- NrdKUom- jrif;NcH vrf;udkom tokH;jyKMuawmhw,f/ wHwm;OD;vrf; u vrf;aMum wkdawmif;wJhtjyif vrf;vnf; aumif;vkYd jrif;NcHomG ;MuolawGomru yk*aH nmifO;D txd oGm;MuolawGyg toHk;jyKMuw,f/ c&D;onf wif um;wcsdKU jrpfom;vrf;udk tokH;jyKaeMuqJ jzpfygw,f/ &mZm0ifxJrSm rif;nDrif;om;awG tykid pf m;cJh &wJh NrdKUjyifpnf&JUvuf&SdvlrIpD;yGm;tajctaeukd uRefawmfodcsifw,f/ 'Dodcsifpdwfu jyifpnf ta&mufoGm;zkdY uRefawmfhukd aphaqmfEdkifcJhw,f/ ZlvkdifyxrywfxJrSm jyifpnfukda&mufatmif uRefawmfoGm;cJhygw,f/ rEÅav;- jyifpnf c&D;pOf twGuf a&G;cs,fp&m vrf;aMumif;ESpfck&Sdw,f/ rEÅav;- jrpfom;- jyifpnfvrf;ukd a&G;cs,fvkdY &ovkd wHwm;OD; av,mOfuGif; taemufbufu c½kdifcsif;qufvrf;twkdif; jyifpnfukd oGm;vnf; &w,f/ vrf;aMumif;wkw d Jh c½dkicf si;f quf vrf;udk uRefawmf a&G;cs,fcJhw,f/ c½dkif;csif; qufvrf; vrf;wpf0ufa&mufygrS uReaf wmfah &G;cs,rf I rSm;,Gi;f rSef; od&awmhw,f/ c½dkifcsif;qufvrf;u vrf; aMumif;wkad wmif;w,fqkad yr,fh vrf;awGu wcsKd U ae&mawGrSm ysufpD;aew,f/ vrf;jyifaewJh vrf; vkyfom;awGvnf; awGUcJh&w,f/ a&ausmfae&m awGrSm ysupf D;aew,f/ a&ausmaf e&mawGrSm rdk;&Gm xm;vkdY a&ausmfaeygw,f/ wHwm;OD;avqdyfeJY jyifpnfaus;&Gmu c½dkif;csif;qufvrf;twkdif; 51 uDvkdrDwm uGma0;ygw,f/ c½dkicf si;f qufvrf;twkid ;f ig;Zif½kid ;f ? acsmif;cG? odE¨duef? uefem; pwJh&GmawGjzwfNyD;&if jyifpnf&Gm ukd a&mufygNyD/ jyifpnf"mwftm;cGJ½kHu c½dkifcsif; qufvrf;ay:rSmyJ&w dS ,f/ tvm;wl aus;&Gmtkycf sKyf a&;rª;½kH;uvnf; c½dkifcsif;qufvrf;ay:rSmygyJ/ jyifpnfu aus;&Gmtkyfpkqkdayr,fhNrdKUi,fav; wpfNrdKUvykd gyJ/ w,fvzD ke;f qufo, G af &; wm0gwkid f BuD;awG xkd;xkd;axmifaxmif&Sdw,f/ pufokH;qD f ,feaYJ zmfjyay;aewJh yefeY aYJ &mif;wJh aps;EIe;f udk 'pf*spw qkid &f dS w,f/ ukepf kq H ikd af wGrmS TRUE MONEY eJY WAVE MONEY tvG,w f ulvJvS,Ef kdiw f ,f/ vufzuf&nfqkdif? xrif;qkdif? tazsmf,rumqkdif awGu wef;pDaew,f/ jyifpnfrSm uRefawmfhudk tHhMooGm;apwmu tdrfaqmufypönf;qkdifBuD;awGygyJ/ vrf;ab; ar;wifxm;wJh NcHuGuu f s,Bf uD;awGxJu BuD;rm;
wJh *dka'gifBuD;awGxJrSm tdrfaqmufypönf;awGu [nf;xaew,f/ oH[if;c½dki;f awG? pwD;pxGujf cm orm;awGtwGuf qk'd pf kH pwD;acsmif;BuD;awG? ykid jf yif ykdufquf ypönf;awG? a&csdK;cef;okH; ypönf;awG? pkaH eatmif&w dS ,f/ bdvyfajrawGqw kd m awmify&kH mykH yJ/ tkw?f xk;H ? oJ? ausmufa&mif;csoal wGu jyifpnf &Gmta&S Uxyd rf mS &Syd gw,f/ jyifpnfrmS uGeu f &pftw k f awGudk tokH;jyKMuwmrsm;ygw,f/ jyifpnf awmifbufjcrf; rvdIifNrdKUe,fukd oGm;wJh vrf;bufrSmawmh jyifpnfu vlukHxHawG aeMuykH&w,f/ jyifpnfeJY rvIid Nf rdKUu 42uDvkrd Dwm uGma0;NyD; rvifNrdKUu jyifpnf&JU awmifbufrSm &Sdygw,f/ tm&fpDwpfxyfwdkufykHpHvSvSav;awG? tm&f p D E S p f x yf w d k u f t opf a wG ? aqmuf v uf p wkdufawG trsm;tjym;ukd awGY&w,f/ jyifpnf&JY tdrfaqmufypönf;ta&mif;qkdif taetxm;u jyifpnf&Gm&JU 'DaeYumvpD;yGm;a&;tajctaeukd rD;armif;xkd;jyaew,f/ jyifpnfu tnma'ouke;f acgifacgift&yfjzpf ayr,fh jynfpnfol jyifpnfom;awG&JU vkHYv0D&, d aMumifh pnfpnfum;um; odkuo f u kd 0f ef;0ef;&Sw d ,f/ jyifpnfaus;&GmtwGuf xefpazmfrmukd rvdIiv f rf; qkHrSmwnfxm;NyD; 0efBuD;(a[mif;)OD;ÓPfxGef; atmiftm; trª;xm;NyD; ausmufpma&;xk;d rSww f rf; wifxm;ygw,f/ &Gm&JUta&SUxyd rf mS vnf; a&uefBuD; &Sdovkd &Gmv,fvrf;qkHteD;rSmvnf; a&uefBuD;&Sd w,f/ &Gmv,fa&uefBuD;u abmvk;H uGi;f wpfuiG ;f pmus,f0ef;NyD; a&awGuvnf; MunfvifoefY&Sif; w,f/ jyifpnf&mG olwcsKd U avQmfzyG af &csKd ;aewmawGU &ygw,f/ tnm&GmawGxrJ mS jyifpnfu a&cJrkeBYf udKufwhJ tnm&Gmjzpfw,f/ a&cJrkeYq f kid af wG jyifpnfrSm &Syd g w,f/ tnmpa&m ,Ofaus;rIvdIif;u jyifpnfukd vnf; vma&muf½dkufcwfygw,f/ jyifpnfrSm uk&d D;,m;pum; ajymoifwef;&Sw d ,fqk&d if ,kHvku d f yg/ udk&D;,m; pum;ajymwifru ukd&D;,m;EdkifiH tvkyftudkif twGufyg pDpOfaqmif&Gufay;rSm jzpfaMumif; &GmxdyfrSm bDvfbkwfaxmif aMunm xm;ygao;w,f/ tm*tnmaus;vuf jyifpnfyg wum;/
uRefawmfhrw d af qGwpfa,mufuawmh jyifpnf ukd q,fbD;um;q&mawGaygwJha'ovkdY rSwfcsuf csw,f/ tifMuif;ausmufwpfacwfrSm jyifpnf[m tvkyjf zpfcJhygw,f/ txl;ojzifh EGm;xk;d BuD;a'o u tifMuif;ausmuftxl;txGuw f k;d wJha'ojzpfcJh NyD; tifMuif;ausmufukefonfawG EGm;xkd;BuD; wpfcGif ajccsif;vdrfcJhpOfu jyifpnfu pnfyif cJyh gw,f/ aq;qdki?f yk;d ESichf snx f nfqikd ?f tuifqikd ?f "mwfyAkH 'D , D kd ½dkuu f ;l a&;vkyif ef;? qHyifrw d u f yftvS jyifqikd ?f w,fvzD ke;f jyifqikd ?f qdkiu f ,f0yfa&Sm?Y pwdk; qkdif? opfom;tdrfoma&mif;wJhqkdif pwJhqkdifawG rsm;pGm&Sw d ,f/ oufwrf;&ifh wrmyifESihf xaemif; yifBuD;awGu jyifpnfrSm tkHYqkdif;aew,f/ jyifpnf&JUtaemufbufrSm EGm;xk;d BuD;NrdKU&SNd yD; 24 uDvrkd w D muGma0;w,f/ jyifpnfrmS txufwef; ausmif;&Sdw,f/ bmom&yfoif ukd,fykdifoifwef; ausmif;awGvnf;&Sdygw,f/ &Juif;pcef;eJY aps; vnf; awGUcJh&w,f/ uGefu&pfwkdif? uGefu&pfacG vkyfudkifMuolawGvnf; &Sdygw,f/ trsm;pku v,f,mpku d yf sKd ;a&;ukd vkyu f kid Mf uw,f/ uRefawmf
oef;Ekid Of D;
a&mufcw hJ hJ Zlvkid f yxrywfrmS jyifpnfteD;wpf0u kd f u v,f,majrawGpdrf;pkdaew,f/ jyifpnf&Gm&JU ta&SUbuf 2uDvkrd DwmrSm &efuke-f rEÅav; tjref vrf;rBuD; &Syd gw,f/ &efuke-f rEÅav; c&D;onfwif ta0;ajy;,mOf;vkid ;f wcsKd Uukd jyifpnf&GmrSm vuf rSwfjzwfNyD; tjrefvrf;u wufpD;vkdY&ygw,f/ jyifpnfrSm omoema&mif0gvnf; xdefxdef vif;ygw,f/ jyifpnf&GmOD;rSm oajyoD;awm& ausmif;wku d &f SNd yD; tJ'Dausmif;wku d t f eD;rSm &ifNidr;f yef; *½kPmaq;½k&H ydS gw,f/ rsupf t d xl;eJY taxGaxG a&m*gawGukd ukoay;aewmyg/ &ifNidrf;yef; *½kPmaq;½kHukd 2019ckESpfrSm zGifhvSpfcJhygw,f/ jyifpnfu vSnhjf yefawmh aerGe;f wnfhcgeD;NyD/ tjyef c&D;rSm vm&mvrf;(c½dkicf si;f qufvrf;)ukd ra&G;cs,f awmhyJ jrpfom;vrf;udk a&G;cs,v f u kd w f ,f/ jyifpnf u a&S;a[mif;NrdKUjyjzpfcJhayr,fh &mZ0ifxJrSm tdyaf rmus raebl;/ tajctaeay;wJh tcg tnm a'o jyifpnfbufukd ajcOD;vSnhfvku d yf g/ 21&mpk jyifpnfu rdwfaqGwkdYukd a&cJrkefYeJY {nfhcHygvdrfh r,f/