the value
of absence
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editorial
Consumerism was never just about buying stuff. It’s about
having faith in boundless economic
growth. Tomorrow will bring more goods, more choice, more shopping. It’s about collecting more goods as a reward for enduring less satisfying working lives, it’s about a constant pressure to consume for a status. This will slowly destroy our personal welfare, the welfare of the world and its surrounding. We need to start over, but with a different mindset. This manual will guide you into becoming a non-consumer. The non-consumer group supports local and/or secondhand products, small brands, renting and sharing. That’s why this magazine only contains secondhand, borrowed or local products.
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the choice of
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the editor
mandy rep
After half a year of consuming as little as possible it’s time to share my way of plain living with the world. I wrote this manual because I believe in a minimalistic non-consuming world.
It has been six months since I started my new way of
of struggling, there it was again; the Christmas
living. It was a cold day just before Christmas, and I
breakdown. But this time it was different, this time it
was selected to be Santa’s little helper. There we went
cleared my head and changed my way of thinking. I
again, shop in, shop out, trying to find the perfect
started to look differently at the mass consumption
presents for our loved ones. Can I call them loved
culture, and found out I actually hated it. That day I
ones if they want me to be run over by thousands
decided to change my life and the way I purchase. I’m
of people having the same goal; finding that perfect
really thankful for the moment that made me realize
present. At that time I was living in Copenhagen and
that going on like this doesn’t create any happiness
Copenhagen was living in my wallet, it fitted perfect
in my life.
since I had nothing to put in there. After a few hours
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my wardrobe
I love fashion but there has to be a price limit, this is one of the reasons why I buy secondhand. I really don’t understand why people are spending hundreds of euros on one piece of clothing. What I like most about vintage and secondhand is that it has lived a life, the clothing used to be fashionable and now it’s waiting to be rediscovered and to become a new trend again. I like to search for this kind of pieces and create my own look with them.
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no
1.50 the shoes
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2.00 the pants
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brand society It’s a brand new world, a world not built around brands, but a world built around you. The hard-charging, noise-making, culture-shaping brands are everywhere, it’s time you start becoming your own brand.
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brand society
These sneakers you’re wearing, one look at the
marketing is facing a future where its main goal is
distinctive swoosh on the side tells everyone who’s
to identify potential consumers, and then sit and
got you branded. That coffee travel mug you’re
wait. Downshifting has become a real phenomenon,
carrying, tells us you’re a Starbucks woman. We see a
off-grid living is an experiment more people are
shift towards marketing of brands, instead of brands
participating in. Even the love for vintage might
telling consumers how to life their life, consumers will
point to greater demand for products with more
take the lead. We have reached the end stage of the
emotional and sustainable meaning. We have even
history of marketing. It started with the product and
become anti-brand! Naomi Klein, author of the book
the brand at the centre, make something, find people
No Logo says “Our intellectual lives and our public
who might like it and sell it. As markets became more
spaces are being taken over by marketing, and that
competitive, the focus shifted towards consumers,
has real implications for citizenship. It’s important for
and marketing started to move towards identifying
any healthy culture to have public space, a place
people who might need something, and then on to
where people are treated as citizens instead of as
persuading them why they needed it, and then why
consumers. We’ve completely lost that space.”
they wanted it. The next tactic got more subtle, now
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join
buy nothing day 27 November 2012 www.buynothingday.co.uk Lock up your wallets and purses, cut up your credit cards and dump the love of your life - shopping. The rules are simple, for 24 hours you will detox from shopping.
Follow Buy Nothing Day UK on TWITTER and FACEBOOK.
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the non consumers
become your own brand buy secondhand We’re the bosses of our own companies, a company called; Me Inc. To be in business today, our most important job is to be head marketer for the brand called You. Stop spending your money on buying clothing and stuff from the big brands and be your own brand instead!
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brand
sanne de wild
art director I buy lots of secondhand stuff! I love to create my own style with pieces no one has, secondhand clothing is original and unique. I’m a person that needs creative freedom, since secondhand goods are mostly very cheap, I can use this freedom to create something new out of it and give it my own twist.
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brand
yves lennertz
designer and musician I buy secondhand because I think it isn’t smart to spend hundreds of euros for getting nice clothes which consist of good material. I mostly purchase in a normal thrift store where I also bought most of my furniture! My favorite piece is a pair of brown/beige granny pants that I bought for 2 euro.
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In the future, I think secondhand market is getting bigger, because I think many people want to wear something special and unique. They just don’t want to see anyone with the same jacket on the street.
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brand
raëlli malawauw
stylist Sometimes I’m really amazed by what people can throw out! In secondhand shops you can find the most interesting and unique pieces, when finding a treasure, you know you’re the only one that’s having a piece like that. The jacket that I’m wearing, I bought it for 2 euro at the thrift store, I love the trendy mint green color that we see now a days in every store.
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secondhand market marketplace.asos.com
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become a non consumer
the compact
The non-consumer shares the same values and
culture, to resist global corporatism and to support
mindset as the members of the movement ‘The
local businesses, farms, etc. It’s about simplifying life
Compact’. This movement, started by a group of
and reducing clutter and waste in their homes and
friends in San Francisco, as a rebellion against what
mental space.
they see as greedy consumerism and its thoughtless destruction of the environment. They pledged not to
Members of The Compact are only allowed to buy
buy anything new for an entire year.
underwear, food and health and safety items such as toothpaste and toilet paper. During their one year
This movement is going beyond recycling, they are
the The Compact members only shop second hand
trying to counteract the negative global environmental
items, they can barter or simply share with each other.
and socio-economic impacts of the consumer
One’s trash is another’s treasure.
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the manual to
become a non consumer Are you ready for a plain and possessionless life? This chapter will help you to remove the chaos and clutter from your life and to minimize material possessions. It’s about changing your attitude towards waste and consumerism. Be inspired and start decluttering your mental spaces!
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become a non consumer
From the moment we’re born, we’re told to pursue more. Advertisements on television and radio, in newspapers and magazines, on billboards and websites scream to us on a daily basis that more is better. As a result, we work many hours so that we can spend all our money on purchasing the newest and most expensive goods. We all know, deep down, that happiness can’t be bought in a department store, and that more is not necessarily better. We’ve just been told the lie so many times we begin to believe it without even noticing it.
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the manual to
1 a new state of mind
Living as a non-consumer is about trying to live with
and more on what we have discovered, compiled
less. It’s about trying to get back to the bare minimum
or combined.’ Look around you, do you really need
of possessions. It’s about being able to resist the
all the stuff you collected through the years? Think
seduction of the marketing tricks, and by doing that,
about what it does.The stack of books, for example,
it frees up your life to pursue the things you value the
what do they mean to you? Are you really attached
most. If you want to change,ou have to reconsider the
to them? Do they have emotional value? If no, why do
meaning of value. There’s a change when we speak
you keep them? Learn to appreciate what you have.
about status, as William Higham says: ‘Status will come
This not only will give you peace of mind, it will also
from the efforts we have done to track th ese down.
cut down the stress in your life.
Or our knowledge about them. Or the stories that they tell. We will be judged less on what we have bought
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become a non consumer
2 minimize material possessions
The main rule when becoming a non-consumer is: try
room, if you haven’t touched stuff for more than a
to buy as few new things as possible. This doesn’t
year, get it out of your life, you won’t miss it. One of
mean you have to fill your house with lots of used
the best benefits of embracing a minimalist lifestyle
stuff, just try to buy as few as possible. If you really
is that there’s less stress. For example, you won’t have
need anything new, keep in mind to support local
a debt hanging above your head. There’s less hurry
and small brands. When starting the non-consumer
to make more money to buy the next thing coming
lifestyle, we have to minimize the possessions that
out and don’t forget the stress during your shopping
are surrounding you, you have to bring less into your
hours. Less stress leads to a healthier lifestyle. Good
house or maybe I should say ‘get the useless stuff
luck with clearing up your mental surrounding.
out of your house’. Just start clearing up room by
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become a non consumer
3 set goals and rules
Now you have decluttered your house, it’s time to set
write about your experience, post tips and tricks, let
some goals and rules to hold on to. To make the first
the world know that you’re supporting the welfare
step a bit easier, create a goal, for example decide
of it. Start to buy more secondhand, share, trade,
for how long you’re going to be a non-consumer. Of
check sites like freecycle.org and buy products that
course, I hope you experience the positive side of the
will support the locals. It’s almost impossible to buy
minimalistic way of living and stay true to it. Decide
nothing new, so allow yourself to buy a few things
which date you will start your new lifestyle and write
new, like for example socks and underwear. Make a
this date down, it’s fun and stimulating to see for how
list of these products and stick to this list! Changing
long you didn’t consume. Be a proud non-consumer
your lifestyle costs time and effort, so see it as a fun
and don’t mind sharing your new lifestyle with your
project. Be a proud non-consumer, stick to your goals
friends, show how wonderful and how easy it can be
and see how it’s changing your life and your mindset.
to declutter. For some it would help to start a blog,
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the really really
free market
A Really Really Free Market is like a community gathering where participants bring, and give away absolutely free, any usable items, skills, ideas, smiles, talents, friendship, excitement, discussions, games and many others things that we as a community can come together and share. Do you want to throw your own free market, take a look at the website www.reallyreallyfree.org for tips and tricks.
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back
to basics In order to rehab from wanting more, the non consumers are embracing less. Less stuff, less decoration and less function and unnecessary extra’s. We as non consumers embrace simplicity.
Going back to basic is a way to escape the excesses
or need, leaving an uncluttered, simple environment
of the world around us, the excesses of consumerism,
and that will result into a simple lifestyle. It’s living
material possessions, clutter, having too much to do,
without an obsession towards material things. It’s
too much debt, too many distractions, too much noise.
about using simple tools, having a simple wardrobe,
But too little meaning. We have to clear out the non-
carrying little and living lightly. Being a non consumer
essential in order to focus on what’s truly important,
reduces the need for unnecessary materials, weight
what gives our lives meaning, what gives us joy and
and manufacturing processes.
value. It’s simply getting rid of things you do not use
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to basic
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back
blue steffen kehrle grey florian hauswirth pink marina bautier stattmann-neuemoebel.com
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to
the minimalistic scandinavian interior Basic form and functional design is a great way to ensure that your home is clean and tidy and not cluttered with a lot of objects and unwanted decorations. As Ludwig Mies van der Rohe said: ‘less is more’.
For a life in clutter-free surroundings we have to
big in the design world, and it often seems that the
reduce it to the most necessary elements. Most of
whole design community is Scandinavia-obsessed.
the possessions in our homes hold no personal value
Scandinavian design is popular because of its
to our lives. They just simply happened to match the
minimalistic style and can be used anywhere in the
color of the carpet or be on sale when we walked into
world. It shows a certain love for materials that grow
the store. Unfortunately, they are distracting you and
outside our houses. We see many natural materials
your guests from the really important decorations;
like wood, wool and filt. Not only is Scandinavian
the belongings with a personal story. We as non-
design recognizable by the use of those materials, it’s
consumers need to take a look at Scandinavian
also a very practical way of designing. Scandinavian
design. This style is known around the world for
design embraces usefulness, it’s not just about
its minimalism, lack of clutter, simple forms and
creating a pretty looking thing, the most important
bright spaces that embody only the most basic and
function is that it must work. Scandinavian style is a
fundamental needs. Design elements are reduced
long lasting style, we can also call it timeless design.
to the most necessary elements. Scandinavia is
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hello
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non consumer
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minimal
clock lucas peet
chairs karimoku
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interior
photo Carl Kleiner
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the minimalistic
kitchen There never seems to be enough storage space in our kitchens. As for many of our grandmothers, they cooked far more often, far more elaborately, and far better than many of us today. The truth is that when it comes to cooking, simple is almost always better. We need far less cooking utensils than we currently own. As a result, our drawers, cabinets, and countertops can be far better organized and useful if we simply owned less. Store all your unnecessary utensils in a plastic bin, put them away out of sight, and see if you enjoy cooking a little bit more in your new, clutter-free
1 mug 1 plate 1 pan 1 spoon 1 knife 1 fork 1 whisk
environment.
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shower 1 toothpaste 1 toothbrush 1 showergel 1 comb 1 towel
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back to basic
brandless food Being a non-consumer means being someone that’s not purchasing goods from big mass stores and brands. As non-consumers we have to support local shops and little manufacturers, we need products that are made with love and not for profit. Brandless food is about supporting locals, this is not the only positive aspect, it’s cheaper, healthier and better for the farmers & the world.
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food
better for the world By buying local products you don’t only support
the supply chain cost. We as non-consumers have to
the local community, you also support the welfare
go and shop local for seasonal fruit and vegetables,
of the world. Think for example about the pollution
fish and meat, bread, cheese and eggs. We need to
of transporting food. The tonnage of food shipped
reduce shopping at the supermarket. Try to reduce
between countries has grown fourfold over the last
the times you visit the supermarket, maybe go to
four decades. In the United Kingdom food travels 50
the supermarket twice a month and only buy pure
percent further than it did two decades ago. Food
products you can’t find at the market or at the local
transportation also contributes to global warming,
farm.
because of the huge quantities of fuel used for transportation.
healthier Products you find in your supermarket have been in transit or cold-stored for days, weeks or even months! This is in contrast to the products you purchase at the local farmer or market, where the products are sold within 24 hours after being harvested.. The freshness of the fruit and vegetables not only affects the taste of your food, but it’s also healthier because of the minimum loss of vitamins.
cheaper
better for the local farmers The expansion of industrial farming has made it very difficult for the small local farmers to stay in business. The food industry has become dominated by a handful of giant corporations. According to a study by the New Economics Foundation in London, a dollar spent locally generates twice as much income for the local economy. When businesses are not owned locally, money leaves the community with every transaction. Local farmers are being forced out of business at an alarming rate, and according to Farm Aid 330 farmers leave their land every week. But it’s not too late to save local farms! We as non-
In most cases, local is cheaper. Buying food directly
consumers have to support and save family farms by
from the locals, means saving money by cutting out
buying local products.
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one kilo
the store
the market
onions
onions 0.60
0.69 paprika
paprika
1.00
4.00 bananas
bananas
0.90
1.19 tomatoes
tomatoes 0.75
1.38 spinach
spinach
1.55
2.99 apples
apples
1.25
1.39 cucumber
cucumber
1.00
2.07 watermelon
watermelon
1.25
1.50 zucchini
zucchini
0.75
3.57
no
kiwi
kiwi
3.58
1.00
total
total
22.38
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the farmer
wiel berden 35 years agrarian
During the recent years the agricultural sector made
we need the big supermarkets to sell our products.
many changes in order to produce on a larger scale;
If we talk about the trends of ‘biologic’ and ‘organic’
we see changes in technical developments and
food, we can see a change towards the niche
availability of staff. These developments decreased
character, it’s no longer a trend but a widely used
the amount of local farmers drastically. The margin is
method of cultivation and lifestyle by the demand
smaller, so farmers have to produce more to generate
of the wealthy consumers. The changing consumer
the same amount of income. Also the method of selling
demands a product that’s safe and responsibly
has changed; providers of fruit and vegetables used
produced for a reasonable price. Buying products
to have many buyers, nowadays they only have a few
directly from the farmer is still a very small market,
buyers. These few buyers have merged together into
most of the consumers have way too little time for
even smaller purchasing groups,which means that
local shopping, they don’t want to put too much
the buyers have taken a stronger position that made
effort into getting their ingredients, convenience is
them be in charge of the food industry. There is not
important. I’m sure that the future of the farmers is
much that we, as farmers, can do about it, because
positive, they just need to work smarter.
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pants 1 pieces sweater 1 pieces underwear 7 pieces blouse 1 piece shirt 7 pieces
bra 2 pieces socks 7 pieces shoes 1 pieces jacket 1 piece short 1 piece bikini 1 piece
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back to
the minimalistic wardrobe
We have to ask ourselves; what do we really need
of the things that are polluting your life. Keep your
in life? Do you need three wardrobes full of clothing
wardrobe as minimalistic and timeless as possible.
you never wear? According to statistics, we only wear
Work with basics pieces and add borrowed items to
20% of the clothes we possess. That means that
your wardrobe. Go through your closet and remove
many of us have closets full of clothes we no longer
all unused clothing, it leaves your closet lighter, your
like, or that no longer fit us, but they are just taking
mornings less stressful, and your wardrobe full of
up space. Become a free person and lose the weight
things you love.
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digna
minimal dresses The consumption of material by the clothing industry is gigantic as a result. Digna Kosse designed fifteen dresses that are far from voracious consumers of material. She demonstrates that you can minimize these pieces of clothing to a few threads at the most.
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kosse
What’s your opinion about the gigantic clothing
Are you in general inspired by this subject?
industry?
I think as a designer, one needs to justify why
I have ambiguous feelings. Of course I feel repulsed
something new needs to be created. That’s one
by the large amounts of damage that mass
thing that separates art from design. Design is for
production still causes today, even if there are enough
consumers, even if it’s not for the mass. I have always
alternatives. It’s a matter of money, everything needs
been interested in the way fashion works. Somehow,
to be cheap and this is very bad. On the other hand, I
fashion can determine our lives, it’s a fact that fashion
do understand the ‘urge’ to purchase something new.
rules in our society. Clothing is fashion, interiors
I also have far more clothes than I need. Fashion is
are fashion, even politics are fashion. Fashion is a
a master-marketeer, every season fashion creates
mechanism that convinces us that we need to leave
a sense of complete newness. It’s interesting, since
the past behind and go for something new.
fashion nowadays rarely brings anything really new. I think there needs to be a balance. For me, it’s not
How do you see the future of fashion mass
so bad if clothes are more expensive, although the
consumption?
costs need to be justified because of sustainable
I do feel that consumers have become much more
production, not because of expensive advertising.
educated, we know we can’t go on like this forever. And we don’t want it to, we feel sickened by marketing
Why did you choose the subject that resulted
and the constant pressure to be in fashion. Fashion
into the minimal dress project?
itself (I mean fashion-design) is not superficial, but
I felt the subject was relevant. In 2009, when I
being in fashion as a goal is.
graduated, the crisis had just begun. I think the crisis made everyone think about the impact of mass consumption on our society and on the planet.
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fashion rules in our society. Clothing is fashion, interiors are fashion, even politics are fashion. Fashion is a mechanism that convinces us that we need to leave the past behind and go for something new
www.digna-k.nl
Do you think there Is going to be a big change
have a very specific and small subject. Sometimes,
towards the mass production and consumption
people produce the magazines themselves, without
industry?
any publisher. ‘Apartamento’ magazine is also a great
Yes, there will be a change, but not very soon.
example of the future of consumption, this magazine
Right now, people are focusing on quality more
does not focus on product consumption, but it
than on trends and fashion. I feel everything will be
focuses on portraits and ideas.
personalized. People do not want to be treated like cattle that will purchase anything you display for
Do you think the way consumers think about mass
them. They want companies to address their needs;
consumption is going to change in the future?
they want to identify with their products on a level
I think it is already changing. But this happens very
that is much more personal than just a ‘lifestyle’.
slowly. I do feel that in the Western society everyone
The ‘Etsy’ website is very popular, in this context it’s
is a part of fashion. But in fashion there is always a
very understandable. For example, magazines are
group of avant-garde, the early-adaptors, and people
becoming much more personal. There are many
who adapt much later.
new magazines that serve a niche market and only
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fashion
minimize
We need to reflect up on the enormous consumption of material by the clothing industry. We need to minimize the amount of clothing in our wardrobe and by doing this, we minimize the amount of materials.
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no
the glasses
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no
the blouse
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the shoe
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the shirt
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the digital wardrobe Technology is making the very idea of ownership outmoded. This will have profound implications for consumers’ lifestyles, attitudes and the nature of consumerism, argues.
William Higham
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article
The
1950s
saw
the
birth
of
modern
mass
buying high-priced status symbols, the recession has
consumerism, encouraged by economic growth and
made more people question what is really important
the new sciences of marketing and advertising. The
to them. More consumers are realizing that life is
consumerist era has lasted over 50 years, but there is
finite and thus they want to make the most of their
evidence to suggest we are on the edge of a new era:
lifestyle in the here and now. There is a different
not of mass ownership but of mass access. Economic
attitude to luxury, valuing the thrill of experience over
and social change is making us reassess our attitude
the satisfaction of ownership.
towards consumption. And technological advance means that we will have less need of physical
Meanwhile, as we buy fewer products, we will need
products. More and more people are downloading
less space to store them. This will affect interiors, we
their music, TV, films and books. Younger people
will need less shelf space and will be able to remove
today are less interested in ownership, rental and on-
our shelves and cabinets. As clothes rental grows, we
the-go products are rising.
will need less space in our wardrobes. The more the trend grows, the more flats and houses will be sold or
Our acceptance of access-only is being encouraged
rented out with little, if any, storage space.
by social trends. Low happiness levels recorded across the West indicate that possessions have not
The fewer people buy, the less need they will have to
made us happy. Rental and pre-owned purchases
visit shops. Consumers haven’t given up ownership
have lost their associations with low income. We are
yet. And many older consumers may resist the trend
giving products away via free-cycle and talking more
initially. But technological and economic change is
about why we bought something than how much it
inexorably driving us towards an acc ess culture. It
cost.
appears that John Lennon wasn’t a dreamer, but an accidental visionary. The words he sang 40 years ago
The recession has added to the change and made
are slowly becoming a reality, though perhaps not in
a huge number of people reassess their attitude to
the way he expected. Imagine no possessions. It’s
possessions, consumers have felt less comfortable
easy if you try.
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Imagine no possessions I wonder if you can No need for greed or hunger A brotherhood of man Imagine all the people sharing all the world you may say I’m a dreamer, but I’m not the only one I hope some day you’ll join us And the world will live as one john Lennon
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For hundreds of years we believed that increased
into greater happiness and life satisfaction. Societies
material wealth makes us happier, and we have
that are democratic, supportive of gender equality
shaped our world accordingly. We have built big box
and more accepting of marginalized groups such
stores along highways that can only be reached by
as immigrants and homosexuals tend to be happier
car. We have built larger and larger vehicles that
societies as well.
isolate us from others and emit dangerous levels of carbon. We work 40 hours a week, or more, to
You, as a consumer have to stand still and think
maintain this lifestyle. Money makes us happier
about this; does money really make you happy or is
until average incomes are achieved. After that,
it just an illusion set up by the government and the
money’s effect on happiness is greatly reduced. So
moneymaking businesses? Not sure what to expect
if Hummers and iPods won’t make us happier, what
of the idea of living with as little as possible, then
will? Instead of concentrating on the accumulation
watch the documentary ‘living without money’. In
of wealth, we should be concentrating on the quality
this documentary, we meet the German woman
of our human relationships. Research has shown that
Heidemarie Schwermer. 16 years ago, she made
groups with strong social networks usually have lower
a conscious choice to live without money. It’s an
crime rates, better child welfare and public health,
inspiring documentary that makes you think about
and less political corruption, all of which translate
what the real value of money is.
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visit
the non consumer webshop thevalueofabsence.bigcartel.com
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the digital library
It’s not about owning it’s about accessing
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music
fashion
movies
spotify.com
renttherunway.com
netflix.com
grooveshark.com
girlmeetsdress.com
lovefilm.com
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Studio
Filippo Nostri www.filipponostri.com
Introducing the minimalistic, clean, considered work of Studio Filippo Nostri, a small but perfectly formed graphic design studio based in Solarolo, Italy. This studio is specializing in paper and web-based projects. The minimalistic work of Filippo Nostri tells whole stories with only a few graphic elements.
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Filippo Nostri
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non
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design
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non
the empty canvas
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art
bruno jakob
yves klein
lewis chaplin
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the art of
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Claude Rutault
Theatre of the World is at MONA from June 23, 2012 until April 8, 2013
Since the 1970s, Claude Rutault has positioned himself as one of France’s most unique conceptual artists. And yet, Rutault would prefer to be recognized as a painter. Using the principle of definition/method, the artist’s work consists of monochrome painted canvases which are hung on a wall that is painted the exact same color as the canvases. Although simple, Rutault has garnered much recognition for his unique method, which extends the boundaries of art, making the entire wall part of the featured effect. In fact, Rutault invented almost 300 different ways to paint his walls and canvases the same color, each of them differing based on the shape and size of the canvases, their structural placement along the wall, and, of course, the overall color used. Along with Swiss artist Felice Varini, Claude Rutault has been asked to commission a work especially for exhibition at the Museum of Old and New Art (MONA), which is sure to be a treat for all those interested in seeing the work of this very unique artist.
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to
invisible art exhibition Hayward Gallery London 12 June 2012 - 5 August 2012 www.southbankcentre.co.uk
A leading gallery is to push the boundaries of visual art with an exhibition of works which cannot be seen. London’s Hayward Gallery will gather together 50 ‘’invisible’’ works by leading figures such as Andy Warhol, Yves Klein and Yoko Ono for its display of works you cannot actually see.
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andy warhol
yves klein
gianni motti
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join the group and become a non consumer
facebook.com/thevalueofabsence
Thanks to: Mona Dekker, Jan Bruschke, Katrien Rigo, Lui Rosenkrantz Pedersen, Digna Kosse, Wiel Berden, Sanne de Wild, Yves Lennertz, RaĂŤlli Malawauw & Karin de Gier
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To reduce paper waste and to make this group successful, please give this manual to someone else after reading
Art direction by Mandy Rep
Contact mail@mandyrep.com
www.mandyrep.com
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