DA VINCI SECRETS “Anatomy to Robots” Exhibition
NICCOLAI - TEKNOART SNC (FIRENZE) ARTISANS OF FLORENCE PTY LTD 1 © 2009 NICCOLAI SNC
DA VINCI SECRETS ‘Anatomy to Robots’
ON LOAN FROM THE LEONARDO DA VINCI MUSEUM, FLORENCE Designed to discover the mind of Leonardo da Vinci in a way that has never been done before. Exploring his passionate understanding of nature, science and art Presented by
NICCOLAI - TEKNOART SNC (FIRENZE) ARTISANS OF FLORENCE PTY LTD ©2009 NICCOLAI SNC
“He was like a man who woke up too early, in the darkness, while everyone else was still sleeping...”
DMITRI S. MEREZHKOVSKY, 1901
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LIST OF CONTENTS
Museum of Roman Civilization Museo Della Civilta Roma, Italy
Machina TECNOLOGIA DELL’ANTICA ROMA (Machina TECHNOLOGY IN THE ANCIENT ROMAN)
MESSAGE FROM MANAGING DIRECTOR
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ABOUT THE EXHIBITION
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ABOUT THE MACHINES
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SECTION 1 Anatomy
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SECTION 2 Robotics and Machines
Page 9
SECTION 3 Art and ‘The Last Supper’
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- Reproductions
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EDUCATION PROGRAM
Page 12
THE TEAM
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STORYLINE
Page 14
OTHER EXHIBITIONS
Page 15
FURTHER INFORMATION
Page 16
MEET THE PRESS
Page 17
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MESSAGE FROM THE MANAGING DIRECTOR
Early 2002 in Florence, when I met the dynamo Niccolai family duo, father Carlo and son Gabriele, I begged them to allow me to take their wonderful da Vinci machines to Museums around the world. It took some convincing, two years in fact, and after leaving a son behind (as you would in any respectable long lasting medieval contract) I had begun a most exciting, exhibition career and really thought the game was well and truly won over. Then along came Dan Brown, who alerted the world of the many secrets our Renaissance master was hiding and the scene became a frenzied gold rush of pseudo da Vinci shows, hastily built in a few months by sensationalists and quick-buck profiteers. There were indeed a number of niggling mysteries surrounding da Vinci, but it was clear to academia and the serious Vincian researchers that Dan Brown was looking in the wrong direction. Yes, there were missing paintings and the known ones had many hidden cryptic messages (the art historians daily bread and butter) however, many of ‘Da Vinci’s secrets’ were hidden in his machines. You could certainly expect that in an era lacking patents or copyright protection, one writing mirror image would indeed raise suspicions. Particularly mysterious are the last few years of Da Vinci’s life, where apparently he did very little at the King’s pleasure... Surely, can you really believe that of Leonardo...? The man who left us 14,000 technical drawings, only after the other two thirds went missing posthumously...? The task for the Niccolai Teknoart team was daunting and specialised help was sought. Our group expanded with new partners, Sara Taglialagamba (Historian), Mirko Marini (Architect) for animations, Antonio De Vito, acclaimed master of fresco painting whose recreation of the lost Battle of Anghiari was hanging in the Museum of Anghiari itself, and the CreaFx young duo, Elena Sardelli and Danilo Carignola (Special Effects) who draw their inspiration from La Specola a Florentine wonder, the most amazing museum of anatomical wax reconstructions. So we (Niccolai Teknoart) began from scratch, revisiting Da Vinci’s anatomical studies, repainting his lost works and re-interpreting - even decrypting his notes and instructions in the search for the elusive “missing machines”. Gabriele and I visited world centres for robotics such as MIT in Boston and Milan, but it was clear to us, that with over 150 Vincian constructions under our belt, that we were at the cutting edge of research and well prepared for revealing the biomimetic secret studies of Leonardo da Vinci. By the time the date to launch the DA VINCI SECRETS “Anatomy to Robots” Exhibition was upon us we had decoded artworks, reconstructed flying “drones”, animal and human robots. Our initial effort in constructing Da Vinci’s robot produced a rather inanimate but fierce looking “Terminator”. However, just as the opening of the Exhibition was due, Gabriele out of desperation, made the brilliant decision to use that “useless, unexplainable mechanical part” - discarded by all for its lack of modern application – that, for the first time, the Da Vinci Robot came to life! Ironically, we had found the “Heart of Ironman”. The historical evidence was now so plainly obvious. The result was a wonderful book by Niccolai and Taglialagamba, prefaced by Pedretti: Leonardo da Vinci, Automations and Robotics and the ultimate Leonardo da Vinci exhibition was born; the truly amazing, historically documented, Da Vinci Secrets covering his work in Art, Anatomy and Robotics.
Luigi Rizzo Managing Director Niccolai-Teknoart SNC (Firenze) Artisans of Florence Pty Ltd
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ABOUT THE EXHIBITION
One of the world’s greatest artists and engineers, da Vinci was born with an insatiable desire for knowledge. At a young age he declared “Experience will be my mistress”, and throughout his life he pushed the boundaries of knowledge and experience, like a true modern scientist, becoming a master in his passionate understanding of nature, science and expressions in art and technology. The concept to present an exhibition that connected Leonardo da Vinci’s passionate study of anatomy to his beautiful art and to his vision of a mechanical man (world’s first robot), was conceived around six years ago by the Artisans of Florence, Niccolai Teknoart SNC (TEKNOART). Studying and deciphering da Vinci’s codices (manuscripts), TEKNOART, in 2006 commenced production on the life size anatomical models and interactive machines and robotic exhibits that comprise this Exhibition.
A saying by Leonardo da Vinci… Those who are in love with practice without knowledge are like the sailor who gets into a ship without rudder or compass and who never can be certain whether he is going … Manuscript G, f. 8r
By the time the exhibition was ready for its world launch, it was apparent to the producers (TEKNOART) that many of da Vinci’s coded and encrypted secrets that had laid hidden for over 500 years, had now been discovered and would be revealed to the world for the very first time. On loan from the Leonardo Da Vinci Museum in Florence, the Exhibition had its world launch in Melbourne, Australia in October 2009. It was then shown at the Sydney Town Hall, Australia in May 2010 before travelling to Seoul in Korea.
SECTION 1 – ANATOMY
The Exhibition features in excess of 75 exhibits including reproduction of his known masterpieces, incredibly life like anatomical models and body parts, interactive automatons and robotics mimicking human and flying animals and something else that has never been attempted before a work-in-progress, full size reconstruction of one of the master’s most famous paintings, The Last Supper. Employing traditional fresco technique, Fresco Master Antonio De Vito has studied da Vinci’s notes and drawings for many years and is now bringing back to life one of civilizations most significant and important works of art.
SECTION 2 – ROBOTICS and MACHINES
Each exhibit in the Exhibition is accompanied by the da Vinci codex page or drawing meticulously followed by the Artisans in creating it. Beginning with an Introduction to Leonardo da Vinci, the Exhibition is then presented in three main sections: SECTION 3 – ART and ‘THE LAST SUPPER’
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All: Internal mechanism of Da Vinci’s Robot, the newly discovered rhythmic device and the outcome, “The Robot Drummer” Codex Atlanticus F 579r
Centre: Flying Drone Codex Atlanticus Right: Flying Drone Codex Atlanticus Left: Underwater Breathing Apparatus (Diving) Codex Arundel F 24v
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ABOUT THE MACHINES
Leonardo Da Vinci Machines and Robots My father Carlo Niccolai is a skilled Florentine craftsman whose life and passion has revolved around Leonardo da Vinci. He shared his knowledge, passion and his craft with me and together, since 1995 we have established Niccolai-Teknoart SNC and the Leonardo da Vinci Museum in Florence. For over 12 years now, with a dedicated team of artisans, artists and historians, we have been creating machines designed by Leonardo da Vinci which have been shown in numerous museums and exhibitions all around the world. I first started researching and producing scale prototype machines, preparing for the construction of larger working models, in the early 1990’s. To date these number approximately five hundred machines, created by the team of artisans at Niccolai-Teknoart, all meticulously made with materials of the era being wood, iron, cloth, ropes and bronze. In Da Vinci’s day, wooden machines required protection from the weather. We replicate the same methods used back then in the workshop today. We discovered that the application of vegetable pitch (produced by burning selected pine in a precise methodology) produced a characteristic reddish brown colour in the wood, different from the natural light colour of just cut wood. We have been able to reproduce synthetically this characteristic colour derived from the precise application of this natural protective tar. In the past 10 years, the reconstruction of accurate, working, interactive models based on da Vinci’s notes and drawings has been aided by the use of advanced computer cad technologies. Over all we have created more than 150 functional models. The required research, patience and skill has been contributed equally by the whole team - it’s been a long and challenging process but it’s been extremely rewarding and satisfying. As with the “robot’, the main character of the DA VINCI SECRETS “Anatomy to Robots” Exhibition, he’s a perfect example. Leonardo drew his creation as a machine capable of drumming, but till now no one was able to figure out how it worked. Ironically all the relevant information was laid out in a single sheet, the now famous 579r of Codex Atlanticus, first identified by Carlo Pedretti as an Automatic Knight back in 1957. Other codex pages had to be consulted for the final piecing together of the mystery, or the secret if you like, in particular, of the one device. (One can imagine Leonardo’s deliberate effort to conceal this important detail from us... over the years I’ve become accustomed, amused to play this game with Leonardo as this process is repeated over and over with many of his machines reconstructions..,this will be the subject of our next book.) The device contained a rhythmic program that when installed inside the robot, created a drumming motion. This key “missing device” had been discarded by all, us included, for its problematic appearance and function. You can imagine my satisfaction in presenting Professor Pedretti with the final solution to his 1957 discovery. The discovery of the device function together with other revelations on Leonardo da Vinci’s humanoid and animal automatons and flying drones are the subject in the recently released book Leonardo da Vinci Automatons and Robotics, a collaborative project I worked on with Sara Taglialagamba with assistance from Carlo Pedretti.
Gabriele Niccolai Director of Projects Head of Research & Development Niccolai-Teknoart SNC (Firenze) Artisans of Florence Pty Ltd
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ANATOMY – SECTION I As an artist, da Vinci quickly became master of topographic anatomy, drawing many studies of muscles, tendons and other visible anatomical Under features, consistently stressing the importance of knowing the body from the inside out. His concentrated study of anatomy became the bedrock on which his paintings thrived. Over a period of 30 years, Leonardo dissected 30 human bodies – male and female, young and old. It was in the dissection of an old man, who had died a peaceful death that he noticed how arteries thickened with age. Leonardo described the build up of a hard dense plaque. His understanding of this preceded our research and understanding of cholesterol and the very common disease of our age, atherosclerosis.
All anatomical models displayed in the DA VINCI SECRETS “Anatomy to Robots” Exhibition are based on Leonardo da Vinci’s original drawings. “Battles are won with the Pick and shovel" (that is with construction efforts, has been taken to illustrate in the models reported by Fontinus in Stratagenata 4,7,2)
Care themselves and the narration, the evolution of scientific ideas and concepts at Gnaeus variousDomitius stagesCorbulo of (Roman General under Emperor Nero) Leonardo’s anatomical investigations and discoveries.
Top: Arm Muscle and Bone Next: The Head and Cranial Nerves Next: Heart Ventricles Above: Human Embryo 1 Left: The Skeleton
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ROBOTICS AND MACHINES – SECTION 2 Among Leonardo’s vast range of projects, in 1495 he sketched what is believed to be the world’s first robot. It took the form of a human-shaped automaton, which is a machine that moves by mechanical means. The drawings have now been realised as full-scale models, which were built strictly according to Leonardo’s original specifications and display the inner workings of the robot, with pulleys and cables designed to replicate movement of the limbs and joints. The mechanical frame was to be encased in medieval styled metal armour. The robot warrior was capable of performing human-like actions. As in Leonardo’s original drawings, the robot’s hand waves, the head nods, the body sits, and the anatomically correct jaw opens and closes. However when Teknoart sought to replicate Leonardo’s design, the joints grinded and chafed. This was perplexing for the artisans.
Top right: Casting of the Horse Codex Madrid 11F 149r Above: Flying Robot (Drone) Codex Atlanticus F314 r-b
Over a period of a year, they kept returning to the blueprint sketches of the robot in the Codex Atlanticus.
The DISCOVERY At last they made a breakthrough, they discovered a mechanism that contained a rhythmic program device which would drive the strings and direct the pulleys to the movement of the wrist. This in turn connected to rods which beat the sound of a drum. As soon as the focus shifted, all the other mechanical problems were minimised. As a result, this robot drums a consistent beat - a precursor to the drum machine.
Centre right: The Robot Drummer Right: Robot Internal Mechanism Above: Robot metal armour Left: ‘The missing device’ Codex Atlanticus F 579r (detail)
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ART and ‘THE LAST SUPPER – SECTION 3
The most prestigious commissions during the Renaissance period were religiously inspired frescos. It was a process that required painting into wet plaster on the wall. Paint had to be applied quickly, before the plaster could dry. It was not a form suited to Leonardo’s slow contemplative style of painting. He experimented with new methods which would allow him more time and produce more luminous colour. The results were sometimes disastrous, like in his extraordinary rendition of the ‘Last Supper’.
Top: The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci Inset: Preparatory drawing on antique paper by Antonio De Vito Below: Antonio De Vito working on a section of the reconstruction: d
Within a few years most of the original colour began to fade, and the plaster flaked and cracked.
LIVE reconstruction by Florentine Fresco Master Antonio De Vito Antonio De Vito has worked for many years studying the works and techniques of the great masters and in particular, Leonardo da Vinci. His studies have inspired him to reconstruct The Last Supper mural in its natural size, using the fresco technique.
De Vito uses a composite technique of pure fresco painting to give the work body and strength and then completes the final details using a tempera technique.
This is the first time that a project of this kind has been undertaken. Over the centuries, all copies that have survived the ravages of time have been oil on canvas or oil on board reproductions.
This project has been made possible only through his thorough study of both Leonardo's original sketches and the copies made by other artists when the original was still clearly visible.
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REPRODUCTION ARTWORKS
The DA VINCI SECRETS “Anatomy to Robots” Exhibition connects and explains the relationship between the passionate studies of Leonardo da Vinci, the Anatomist and Leonardo da Vinci, the Artist. Consistently stressing the importance of knowing the body from the inside out, da Vinci’s concentrated study of anatomy became the bedrock on which his paintings thrived. Only 15 paintings directly attributed to Leonardo da Vinci survive. There are others that remain contentious, or those that are actually lost. The known masterpieces of da Vinci have been reproduced to actual size for this Exhibition. Among them, the Mona Lisa, the most famous and most valued of all. Each year, six million people visit the Louvre in Paris, to view the painting, which is now kept behind bullet-proof glass. The DA VINCI SECRETS “Anatomy to Robots” Exhibition brings to light new research, including recent x-ray analyses which add to the mystique of the 500 year old mystery sitter. The identity of which the Master, Leonardo da Vinci, took to his grave in 1519. Portrait of Lisa del Giocondo (Mona Lisa) oil on poplar 77 x 53cm c. 1503-
Virgin and Child with St Anne c. 1502-1513
The Last Supper c. 1495-1497
Portrait of a Musician c. 1485
The Virgin of the Rocks c. 1495-1499/1506-1508
Madonna of the Carnation c. 1472-1478
Portrait of Cecilia Gallerani c. 1489-90
Annunciation c. 1473-1475(?)
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EDUCATION PROGRAM This new exhibition on loan from the Leonardo da Vinci Museum in Florence demonstrates direct connections between the visual arts and science and provides Schools and Teachers with the opportunity to bring the Italian Renaissance, lifestyle, culture, science, history and art into the classroom. A fascinating display of over 60 exhibits including life like anatomical models, interactive robotics, interactive machines, animations and copies of rare Da Vinci Codices. The exhibition explores Da Vinci’s famous mural, The Last Supper with a full size reconstruction - a work-in-progress project by a renowned Florentine fresco painter. Providing a variety of subjects for teachers to integrate into classroom programs, such as science, anatomy, biology, history, engineering, mechanics, culture and art. TEACHER RESOURCES Education Resources which include ideas and formats for integrating the Exhibition themes and content into classroom programs are under development. These will be available as a valuable teaching tool for all schools bookings excursions. Suitable for all school levels through to University, offering the potential for students to achieve a number of Outcomes in their own state’s Curriculum and Assessment Framework - Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Studies. Primary Levels: Art (Exploring and responding), History (Historical knowledge and understandings, Historical reasoning and interpretation), Design, Creativity and Technology (Analysing and evaluating), LOTE (Intercultural knowledge and language awareness), Science (Science knowledge and understanding, Science at work) Thinking Processes (Inquiry, Reflection, Evaluation). Secondary Levels: Art (Exploring and responding), History (Historical knowledge and understandings, Historical reasoning and interpretation), Physics, Italian, Design, Creativity and Technology (Analysing and evaluating), LOTE (Intercultural knowledge and language awareness), Science (Science knowledge and understanding, Science at work) Thinking Processes (Inquiry, Reflection, Evaluation), Visual Communication and Design (Exploring and responding). Various Studies: Art (Unit 1: Art and meaning, Unit 2: Art and culture, Unit 3: Interpreting art, Unit 4: Discussing and debating art), Medicine, Design and Technology, Italian History, Physics, Systems Engineering, Studio Arts (Unit 1: Interpretation of art ideas and use of materials and techniques, Unit 2: Ideas and styles in artworks, Unit 3: Professional art practices and styles, Unit 4: Art industry contexts), Visual Communication and Design (Unit 2: Communication in context). DA VINCI SECRETS “Anatomy to Robots” Exhibition Website for updates and contact details www.romanmachines.com.au/davincisecrets
Tertiary studies: Art, Art-History, Cultural Studies, Design, Engineering, Graphic Design, History, Science, Medicine, Psychology, Physics, Sociology, Technology, Woodcraft.
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THE TEAM In 1995 the Niccolai firm of father and sons, in co-operation with noted academics and working in close collaboration with Professor Carlo Pedretti*, enriched the study of Leonardo Da Vinci’s mechanics by creating a series of interactive models using materials from the time such as wood, cotton, brass, iron and cord and presented each exhibit with a replica code page of the recently re-discovered Codex Madrid, from which its design was taken. In 2001 the Italian Government recognised the high quality and skill achieved by the Niccolai family be conferring upon them the special award “Italia che Lavora” (Italy at Work).
Luigi Rizzo and Gabriele Niccolai
Over the past fifteen years Leonardo da Vinci Machines Exhibitions have been organised in Florence, Siena, Venice, Naples, Palermo, Warsaw, Madrid, Hong Kong, Dubai, Melbourne, Sydney, Perth, Adelaide, Brisbane, Wellington, Auckland, Taipei, Vienna, Berlin, Helsinki, Chicago, Seattle, Sacramento, Huston, Detroit, Seoul and Hong Kong. All have been endorsed by scholars and have received official patronage by the hosting municipal councils and have featured in TV and documentaries and even in Hollywood movies: • • • • •
Teknoart SRL workshop, Florence, Italy
Da Vinci: Unlocking the Genius, Discovery HD Channel (Canada) Da Vinci, Documentary by Japanese Channel NHK Bridge to Terabithia, Walt Disney Film The Bike Build, A Living History Documentary, Beca NZ Da Vinci “Anatomy To Robots”, ABC 7.30 Report
In 2005 the Niccolai-Teknoart Group expanded with new partners, Mirko Marina (Architect) for animations, Antonio De Vito (Artist), CreaFx (Special Effects), Sara Taglilagamba (Historian) and Luigi Rizzo (Physicist for Science/Education) and undertook new projects. In 2009-2010 the new Exhibition Da Vinci Secrets “Anatomy to Robots” was staged in Melbourne, Sydney and Seoul making headlines for its 15th century ‘working robots’ – never seen before. The discoveries are the subject of a new book titled Leonardo da Vinci: Automations and Robotics, CB Editions.
Carlo Niccolai, Professor Carlo Pedretti, Gabriele Niccolai
*Carlo Pedretti Dr. Lt. 1928 Emeritus Professor Leonardo Studies UCLA (USA). *Advisor to the Italian Government on matters Da Vinci. In addition, adviser to Queen Elizabeth II, British Library, King of Sweden, Bill Gates and the Niccolai family on matters Da Vinci. Author of over 40 books, recipient of Italian Government Gold Medal for Services to Culture and a Congressional Citation by United States of America Government, both awarded 1972.
In 2009-2010 the new Exhibition Machina – Technologia Dell’Antica Roma staged at the Museo Della Civilta’ Romana, Rome, was awarded the ‘Gold Medal’ of the President of the Italian Republic. It has also featured in TV documentaries in Italy and international magazines such as Focus, Newton, National Geographic and Scientific American. In 2011 a new Exhibition is to be launched by Niccolai-Teknoart SNC (Firenze) Artisans of Florence Pty Ltd. JULIUS CAESAR EXHIBITION MILITARY GENIUS & MIGHTY MACHINES
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EXHIBITION STORYLINE Visitors, assisted by the screening of a movie based on the genius of Leonardo da Vinci, enter into the period of the Italian High Renaissance, around the turn of the 16th century..., a period of great cultural change and achievement. Introduction: In this section we learn about Leonardo’s life and why he is regarded as one of the world’s greatest artists, engineers and visionary becoming a true master in his passionate understanding of nature, science and art. • •
“The Vitruvian Man” Visitors learn how Leonardo da Vinci compared the workings of the body as a reflection of the workings of the universe and can study his calculations on bodily proportions “Codices” Rare copies of Codex Anatomy Windsor Collection, Codex American Circle and Codex Atlanticus
Section 1 – Anatomy. In this section, visitors are astounded by the realism of full size models of body parts and skeletons. Created by modern day artisans who have followed meticulously the drawings and notations (Codices) made by Leonardo da Vinci as part of his studies with human and animal ‘autopsies’. His astonishing accuracy, attention to detail and genius are recognized as one considers his findings (made over 500 years ago), were achieved without the assistance of modern science and laboratory facilities. Models include the “study of the human skull”, the “human head and the cranial nerves”, “optics and related cranial nerves”, the “human embryo”, the “geography of the heart”, the “skeleton”, the “spine”, the “human trunk”, “anatomical instruments”, and models reflecting the “cause of motion” such as “arm muscles and bones”, “shoulder and arm muscles”, the “study of the arm”, the “cross section of the leg” and “studies of the leg”. All accompanied by corresponding codex pages and large panels.
Section 2 – Robotics and Machines. In this section visitors will learn how Leonardo’s vision for a ‘mechanical man’ (the world’s first robot) was achieved through his studies and investigations in human and animal anatomy and in particular, the bones, muscles and tendons... discovering “the cause of motion”. Visitors will also learn how Leonardo hid and disguised the ‘secrets’ of his inventions and how, until now, the “missing device” for his robot had remained a ‘secret’ for over 500 hundred years... Robotic models include the “complete internal mechanism of the robot”, “full suit a medieval armour intended to ‘encase’ the robot”, the “drummer robot” revealing the ‘missing device’ hidden away for over 500 years, together with various working, interactive mechanical models of robotics, ropes and pulleys and joint components with codex pages, large panels and virtual animations Flying drone models (robots) are working, interactive mechanical models, including vertical flying machines, large fixed wings, virtual animations, codex pages and large panels Machine models include the “gym set” (Leonardo’s machine to test a man’s muscle strength for flying), the “breathing apparatus” for underwater diving, the “perspectograph”, the “mechanical heart”, the “artery’s valve” and other models, codex pages and large panels.
Section 3 – Art and ‘The Last Supper’. Visitors will be taken back in time when they enter “the Bottega” of modern day Florentine fresco master, Antonio de Vito. Here De Vito captures and brings to life a medieval atmosphere to present his full size reconstruction of Leonardo da Vinci’s ‘The Last Supper’ – a work-in-progress, in a way that has never been undertaken before! Includes video documentation of the work completed to date, where there have been revelations of ‘messages’ and ‘re-interpretations’ of unresolved mysteries. Discovered so far, we witness that Leonardo was indeed hiding ‘meanings’ into his painting and Master De Vito is revealing them LIVE, in front of our own eyes as he continues to paint on..! On display in the gallery are high quality reproductions of Leonardo da Vinci’s known paintings with information labels, including the world’s most famous, most valuable masterpiece, the ‘Mona Lisa’.
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OTHER EXHIBITIONS BY
Exhibit label stand
The Original DA VINCI MACHINES www.romanmachines.com/davincimachines
The All New JULIUS CAESAR EXHIBITION – MILITARY GENIUS & MIGHTY MACHINES www.romanmachines.com.au (available to tour late 2011)
The All New MICHELANGELO AND FRIENDS with Antonio De Vito www.romanmachines.com.au/michelangelo (available to tour in 2011)
Our experienced and skilful team of craftsmen and artisans specialise in custom made, large scale exhibitions built to your specific needs and requirements. Please feel free to contact us to discuss packaging, designing and producing your next project. Further details contact: E xtrarizzo@yahoo.com.au
FLORENCE TEKNOART WORKSHOP www.niccolaiteknoart.com
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FURTHER INFORMATION Luigi Rizzo Managing Director Niccolai - Teknoart SNC (Firenze) Artisans of Florence Pty Ltd Sales & Marketing Manager - Asia Pacific region
Postal: INT Press Pty. Ltd. (ABN 93 072365130) Suite 510A, 640 Swanston Street Carlton VIC 3053 Australia Tel +61 (0)3 9347 3489 Fax +61 (0)3 9347 3489
E info@romanmachines.com W romanmachines.com
Mob: +61 (0)404 683 768 (Australia) Mob: +64 (0)2102 206 170 (New Zealand) Mob: +39 3331 304 864 (Italy) Mob: +1 801 3 182 142 (USA)
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SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN 2010
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DA VINCI SECRETS “Anatomy To Robots” Exhibition
Below: The Sea odometer
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