ABASTO David Leitman + Margot Shafran Arch 563E - URBAN THEORY AND CITIES IN LATIN AMERICA Buenos Aires FL’15
Av. Pu eyrre dรณn
|Location
AV CORREINTES
as ing en
Abasto as a sh op p M ing a ll
Reop
|THE LIFE OF ABASTO
et and opening
Closure of th eo ld
1902
tu
as ing en
Abasto as a sh op p a ll
1915
ld Market The O
tlement and l set fu
M ing
1893
ma
p o s al s pro
1905
1984
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1989
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NEW MARKET THE
Period o f in f
ado Modelo - Lor ea erc
Orig in
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1930
Today
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Orig in
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1905 1930
1883
1893
1934
ld Market O e h T
1915 1902 timeline|
m or
tlement and t e s f al
utu re
pro p o s al s
1984
Period o f in f
Closure of
tr do Cen al rca
Aba s
of Me
M o t
and openin t e k g ar
timeline|
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er
Re-o pe
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sto as a sh a b A opp as g in nin
today TO SHOPPING S A B A
1999
timeline|
as ing en
Abasto as a sh op p M ing a ll
Reop
|focused timeframe
et and opening
tu
as ing en
Abasto as a sh op p a ll
Closure of
1915
ld Market The O
tlement and l set fu
M ing
1893
ma
p o s al s pro
1905
1984
or
re
1934
tr do Cen al
1883
1989
of
rca
Aba s
a rk
Me
e uar
M to
Reop
NEW MARKET THE
Period o f in f
ado Modelo - Lor ea erc
Orig in
lM
Sq
a
1930
today
th eo ld
1902
Market closure to today
|Contextual Location
Olivos
LA BOCA Strategic location in 1880
central city location in 2015
|Abasto As an identifier Official Barrios of Buenos Aires
Informal Barrios of Buenos Aires
Balvanera
Abasto Barrio Once
|Buenos Aires Density
Greatest Density in city withing 5km radius of Abasto Location
Adapted from Kozak, Fragmentation in Buenos Aires ‘Densities in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires in 2001
|Abasto As A network of commerce
Abasto location mercados malls Data Points derived from google maps search for ‘mercado’ and ‘mall’ There are clear limitations using this type of data, but it serves to demonstrate density of program within the present city of BsAs.
|Abasto as a constant presence through time 1929
1940
1978
2008
1890
1925
1984
present
Mercado de Abasto | 1890 Archivo General de la Nación Argentina Documento Fotográfico Descargado www.targina.net
Mercado de Abasto | 1925 Caras y Caretas magazine & Archivo General de la Nación (AGN) La fotografía en la Historia Argentina, Tomo II, p. 214
The Market at the time of closing | 1984 Carmen, ‘Gardel in Buenos Aires’
Abasto Shopping| Present http://www.buenostours.com/abasto-shopping-cen-
Location of new central market Cause for New Central Market: 1971 - Law to consolidate all markets in City to form a new single central market monopolizing the sector on all wholesale food supplies for the federal capital. Consequence: Eviction and destruction of Mercado Abasto as well as others withing the boundaries of Buenos Aires Federal City and the formation of a new central market outside the city proper
Mercado Central de Buenos Aires
|eviction of Abasto Agreement between municipality and building owners in order to break 100 year concession contract (would have been up in 1990)
Some of the terms include: - maintain structure of old market and maintain interior spaces and facade of new market - future project must incorporate public and semi-public spaces - requires the future establishment of a 300m public space between the two markets. - allocation of land to owners by municipality adjacent to market with reduced zoning regulations
Initial rumors: Destruction of existing buildings
Goal of the City: break contract without instigating trouble from owner for further compensation. Appealed to the Owner: new property with lower zoning requirements provided greater opportunity for residential development.
|project proposals
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|project proposals ‘Information Center, Development and Dissemination of Popular Urban Arts’ Bars, Charriere, Germani, Sbarra and Winograd (1978)
'Cultural, recreational and shopping center' Urgell, Facio, Hampton and Hernáez (1983)
Adapted from: Urgell et al, 1984, pp 76-81 Adapted from: Bars et al, 1984
|project proposals ‘Comprehensive Consumer Center’, El hogar obrero (1987)
Adapted from: (Sources: Casella Calderon, 1988;
Completed portion of el hogar obrero’s plan
Adapted from: Archive Home Worker
|project proposals
‘Abasto Shopping’ BTA Architects
Adapted from: (Sources: Casella Calderon, 1988;
‘Abasto Social Park’ Gustavo Diéguez and Guillermo Tella
Adapted from: Diéguez and Tella
|Abasto As public space 'cultural, recreational and shopping center' Urgell, Facio, Hampton and Hernรกez (1983)
Pedestrian Passage and Plaza
Abasto as it is today
Pedestrian Plaza no public access to other side of block
|plaza del zorsal
According to BTA Architect’s Website: “The plaza creates a new meeting place for residents and visitors alike, in good weather or bad, day or night. The Abasto has sparked the redevelopment of many surrounding blocks, enhancing redevelopment opportunities and revitalizing this district of the city. “
Covered ‘Public’ Square
|300 sq.m|
Hours open: 10am-10pm
Link between New Market (shopping center) and Old Market (Movie Theatre + restaurants)
|social, Cultural and Economic Influences in barrio Abasto market closure
Consolidation and Relocation of wholesale food supply market
movement of industry, jobs, and Loss of jobs in people
Cause: Abasto could no longer meet the needs of greater city (pollution, congestion, density) Consequence: closure of
economic crisis
area, causing population movement
foreign immigration into neighbourhood
Cause: searching for stability and opportunity
Cause: movement of central market to city periphery
Consequence: racial and social tension between immigrants and existing middle class
Consequence: population decrease - loss of working class
Informal settling occurs Cause: Economic instability forces landlords to neglect property Consequence: perception of increased crime, poverty, and increased stratification of race and socioeconomic class
Insurgence of immigrants into neighbourhood
reclamation of Abasto
Existing businesses are forced out, increase in residential development Cause: Abasto shopping competitively kills neighbouring commercial businesses, property converted into residential Consequence: Economic development, job opportunities, draws outsiders (tourism, shopping, cultural attraction), greater divide between classes.
|Land use through time Land Use Through Time Today
Before Market Closure Before
Market Closure
Land Use Through Time Today
Abasto Abasto
After After Market Market Closure Closure
Abasto Abasto
After
Mall After Opening Mall Opening
data: city of buenos aires
data: city of buenos aires
Abasto
Abasto
MultiFamily Housing
MultiFamily Industrial Housing
Industrial
Commercial
Commercial
SingleFamily Housing
SingleFamily HousingOther &
(Mixed-Use or Vacant)
Other & (Mixed-Use or Vacant)Office
Office
Recreation
Recreation
|Abasto as a representation of social, Cultural and Economics fluctuations
ABASTO mercado Before Market Closure
ABASTO A After Market Closure
B S During Squatter Occupation
ABASTO shopping After Mall Opening
SHOPPING
|Abasto As A mixed use Community
Events
Residences and Hotel Hypermarket
Museum
Movie Theatre Semi-Public Plaza
Shopping Center Adapted from Kozak ‘Otros “Abasto” posibles’
Amusement park
|Circulation and access Indoor Plaza
Circulation and Access
Exterior Stepped Plaza
Open-Air Access
Carlos Gardel Pedestrian Street
Vehicular Service Access
M
M
M
M
Primary Access
15°
|Abasto As an Urban block
typical urban block structure
Structural Grid with urban grid
Abasto Superimposed on Block Structure
15° *Evidence of Typical Block Structure in the Form of Abasto Mercado
|Abasto As A an expression of the street rhythm
|interior space accprding to pubikcity PLANTA BAJA
Level 01
Level 02
public Public Space
private Semi-Public plaza
Adapted from Wayfinding plans on display at Abasto Shopping.
Semi-Public Circulation Space
entertainment space
COmmercial Space
private (storage/services)
|Abasto As A cultural Icon and Tourist Attraction
C
C C
C
C M
C
C
C C C
M
M
M
Subway station
C
Location associated with gardel + Tango
Interpreted from: Abasto Apartments & Suites “10 Cultural Gems of the Abasto Neighborhood.�
|Abasto As A Blockade
“fortified enclaves that encapsulate activities, fragmented territories and expel population” - Gustavo Dieguez and Guillermo Tella
relationship between sidewalk and ‘New market’
M
relationship between sidewalk and ‘old market’
M
M
M
|Abasto As A Blockade
“fortified enclaves that encapsulate activities, fragmented territories and expel population” - Gustavo Dieguez and Guillermo Tella
relationship between sidewalk and ‘New market’
M
M
Disconnect between street elevation and interior elevations Cause: Utility Maximization (by including as many levels as possible) Consequence: Interior is spatially protected from street, and street does not extend into interior.
|Abasto As A Blockade
“fortified enclaves that encapsulate activities, fragmented territories and expel population” - Gustavo Dieguez and Guillermo Tella
relationship between sidewalk and ‘old market’
M
M
Fortified Wall along Av Lavalle Cause: Program (movie theatre) calls for total enclosure Consequence: No life along street edge becomes a barricade facade
|Abasto As depicted in Social media
|sources Baer, Luis. “Transformaciones urbanas y de la estructura social de un barrio de la ciudad de Buenos Aires” Economía, sociedad y territorio. Vol.10 N.33. May./Ago. 2010 Bars, E. et al. (1984) Remodeling Abasto Area, Buenos Aires. SUMMA. Vol. 203, pp. 68-69. Carmen, Mary. “Gardel in Buenos Aires.” Bifurcaciones: Revisita Estudios Culturales Urbana. 14 Oct. 2010. Web. 3 Oct. 2015. Diéguez, Gustavo and Tella, Guillermo “Construyendo Parques Sociales: Propuesta de Nodos Urbanos Deinclusion Para el Area de Abasto de Buenos Aires Scripta Nova.” Revista Electronics de Geografia y Ciencias Sociales. Vol 11 N. 245. August 2014. “Estacion Carlos Gardel Subte Linea B | LOQUEVA.” LOQUEVA. 22 Feb. 2015. Web. 11 Nov. 2015. Jenks, Mike, Daniel Kozak, and Pattaranan Takkanon. World Cities and Urban Form: Fragmented, Polycentric, Sustainable? Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2008. Print. Kozak, 0., 2008. Assessing urban fragmentation: the emergence of new typologies in central Buenos Aires. In: M. Jenks, D. Kozak, and P. Takkanon, eds. ‘World cities’ and urbanfor111:frag1nented, polycentric, sustainable? London: Routledge, 239-258. Miller, Jacob C. “Approximating New Spaces of Consumption at the Abasto Shopping Mall, Buenos Aires, Argentina.” Journal of Cultural Geography (2014): 206-17. Print. Miller, Jacob C. “The Spatial Dialectics of Modernity and Retail Affect at Abasto Shopping, Buenos Aires, Argentina.” Urban Geography (2013): 843-63. Print. “News | 10 Cultural Gems of the Abasto Neighborhood.” Abasto Apartments & Suites. 2008. Web. 5 Nov. 2015. Rajschmir, Cinthia. “Understanding the City: Abasto in Buenos Aires.” Museum International 52.1 (2001): 50-53. Print. Skoll, Geoffrey, and Maximiliano Korstanje. “The Role of Art in Two Neighborhoods and Responses to Urban Decay and Gentrification.” Antrocom Online Journal of Anthropology 9.1 (2013). Print. Spatial Revitalization: “Recovering” the Public Spaces of Abasto and Puerto Madero in Buenos Aires by Rachel Sherman University of Michigan 2012 Urgell et al. (1984) refunctionalization buildings Mercado de Abasto Provider. SUMMA Theme Collection. Vol. 3, pp. 76-81. Urgell et al. (1995) Works and Projects, 1956-1995. Buenos Aires: IPU.
|Abasto As Adaptive Reuse
|Abasto As an example of globalization