Abasto: Building Analysis

ABASTO David Leitman + Margot Shafran Arch 563E - URBAN THEORY AND CITIES IN LATIN AMERICA Buenos Aires FL’15

Av. Pu eyrre dรณn

|Location

AV CORREINTES

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Abasto as a sh op p M ing a ll

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|THE LIFE OF ABASTO

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|focused timeframe

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|Contextual Location

Olivos

LA BOCA Strategic location in 1880

central city location in 2015

|Abasto As an identifier Official Barrios of Buenos Aires

Informal Barrios of Buenos Aires

Balvanera

Abasto Barrio Once

|Buenos Aires Density

Greatest Density in city withing 5km radius of Abasto Location

Adapted from Kozak, Fragmentation in Buenos Aires ‘Densities in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires in 2001

|Abasto As A network of commerce

Abasto location mercados malls Data Points derived from google maps search for ‘mercado’ and ‘mall’ There are clear limitations using this type of data, but it serves to demonstrate density of program within the present city of BsAs.

|Abasto as a constant presence through time 1929

1940

1978

2008

1890

1925

1984

present

Mercado de Abasto | 1890 Archivo General de la Nación Argentina Documento Fotográfico Descargado www.targina.net

Mercado de Abasto | 1925 Caras y Caretas magazine & Archivo General de la Nación (AGN) La fotografía en la Historia Argentina, Tomo II, p. 214

The Market at the time of closing | 1984 Carmen, ‘Gardel in Buenos Aires’

Abasto Shopping| Present http://www.buenostours.com/abasto-shopping-cen-

Location of new central market Cause for New Central Market: 1971 - Law to consolidate all markets in City to form a new single central market monopolizing the sector on all wholesale food supplies for the federal capital.

Consequence: Eviction and destruction of Mercado Abasto as well as others withing the boundaries of Buenos Aires Federal City and the formation of a new central market outside the city proper

Mercado Central de Buenos Aires

|eviction of Abasto Agreement between municipality and building owners in order to break 100 year concession contract (would have been up in 1990)

Some of the terms include: - maintain structure of old market and maintain interior spaces and facade of new market - future project must incorporate public and semi-public spaces - requires the future establishment of a 300m public space between the two markets.

- allocation of land to owners by municipality adjacent to market with reduced zoning regulations

Initial rumors: Destruction of existing buildings

Goal of the City: break contract without instigating trouble from owner for further compensation.

Appealed to the Owner: new property with lower zoning requirements provided greater opportunity for residential development.

|project proposals

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|project proposals ‘Information Center, Development and Dissemination of Popular Urban Arts’ Bars, Charriere, Germani, Sbarra and Winograd (1978)

'Cultural, recreational and shopping center' Urgell, Facio, Hampton and Hernáez (1983)

Adapted from: Urgell et al, 1984, pp 76-81 Adapted from: Bars et al, 1984

|project proposals ‘Comprehensive Consumer Center’, El hogar obrero (1987)

Adapted from: (Sources: Casella Calderon, 1988;

Completed portion of el hogar obrero’s plan

Adapted from: Archive Home Worker

|project proposals

‘Abasto Shopping’ BTA Architects

Adapted from: (Sources: Casella Calderon, 1988;

‘Abasto Social Park’ Gustavo Diéguez and Guillermo Tella

Adapted from: Diéguez and Tella

|Abasto As public space 'cultural, recreational and shopping center' Urgell, Facio, Hampton and Hernรกez (1983)

Pedestrian Passage and Plaza

Abasto as it is today

Pedestrian Plaza no public access to other side of block

|plaza del zorsal

According to BTA Architect’s Website: “The plaza creates a new meeting place for residents and visitors alike, in good weather or bad, day or night. The Abasto has sparked the redevelopment of many surrounding blocks, enhancing redevelopment opportunities and revitalizing this district of the city. “

Covered ‘Public’ Square

|300 sq.m|

Hours open: 10am-10pm

Link between New Market (shopping center) and Old Market (Movie Theatre + restaurants)

|social, Cultural and Economic Influences in barrio Abasto market closure

Consolidation and Relocation of wholesale food supply market

movement of industry, jobs, and Loss of jobs in people

Cause: Abasto could no longer meet the needs of greater city (pollution, congestion, density) Consequence: closure of

economic crisis

area, causing population movement

foreign immigration into neighbourhood

Cause: searching for stability and opportunity

Cause: movement of central market to city periphery

Consequence: racial and social tension between immigrants and existing middle class

Consequence: population decrease - loss of working class

Informal settling occurs Cause: Economic instability forces landlords to neglect property Consequence: perception of increased crime, poverty, and increased stratification of race and socioeconomic class

Insurgence of immigrants into neighbourhood

reclamation of Abasto

Existing businesses are forced out, increase in residential development Cause: Abasto shopping competitively kills neighbouring commercial businesses, property converted into residential Consequence: Economic development, job opportunities, draws outsiders (tourism, shopping, cultural attraction), greater divide between classes.

|Land use through time Land Use Through Time Today

Before Market Closure Before

Market Closure

Land Use Through Time Today

Abasto Abasto

After After Market Market Closure Closure

Abasto Abasto

After

Mall After Opening Mall Opening

data: city of buenos aires

data: city of buenos aires

Abasto

Abasto

MultiFamily Housing

MultiFamily Industrial Housing

Industrial

Commercial

Commercial

SingleFamily Housing

SingleFamily HousingOther &

(Mixed-Use or Vacant)

Other & (Mixed-Use or Vacant)Office

Office

Recreation

Recreation

|Abasto as a representation of social, Cultural and Economics fluctuations

ABASTO mercado Before Market Closure

ABASTO A After Market Closure

B S During Squatter Occupation

ABASTO shopping After Mall Opening

SHOPPING

|Abasto As A mixed use Community

Events

Residences and Hotel Hypermarket

Museum

Movie Theatre Semi-Public Plaza

Shopping Center Adapted from Kozak ‘Otros “Abasto” posibles’

Amusement park

|Circulation and access Indoor Plaza

Circulation and Access

Exterior Stepped Plaza

Open-Air Access

Carlos Gardel Pedestrian Street

Vehicular Service Access

M

M

M

M

Primary Access

15°

|Abasto As an Urban block

typical urban block structure

Structural Grid with urban grid

Abasto Superimposed on Block Structure

15° *Evidence of Typical Block Structure in the Form of Abasto Mercado

|Abasto As A an expression of the street rhythm

|interior space accprding to pubikcity PLANTA BAJA

Level 01

Level 02

public Public Space

private Semi-Public plaza

Adapted from Wayfinding plans on display at Abasto Shopping.

Semi-Public Circulation Space

entertainment space

COmmercial Space

private (storage/services)

|Abasto As A cultural Icon and Tourist Attraction

C

C C

C

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C

C

C C C

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Subway station

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Location associated with gardel + Tango

Interpreted from: Abasto Apartments & Suites “10 Cultural Gems of the Abasto Neighborhood.�

|Abasto As A Blockade

“fortified enclaves that encapsulate activities, fragmented territories and expel population” - Gustavo Dieguez and Guillermo Tella

relationship between sidewalk and ‘New market’

M

relationship between sidewalk and ‘old market’

M

M

M

|Abasto As A Blockade

“fortified enclaves that encapsulate activities, fragmented territories and expel population” - Gustavo Dieguez and Guillermo Tella

relationship between sidewalk and ‘New market’

M

M

Disconnect between street elevation and interior elevations Cause: Utility Maximization (by including as many levels as possible) Consequence: Interior is spatially protected from street, and street does not extend into interior.

|Abasto As A Blockade

“fortified enclaves that encapsulate activities, fragmented territories and expel population” - Gustavo Dieguez and Guillermo Tella

relationship between sidewalk and ‘old market’

M

M

Fortified Wall along Av Lavalle Cause: Program (movie theatre) calls for total enclosure Consequence: No life along street edge becomes a barricade facade

|Abasto As depicted in Social media

|sources Baer, Luis. “Transformaciones urbanas y de la estructura social de un barrio de la ciudad de Buenos Aires” Economía, sociedad y territorio. Vol.10 N.33. May./Ago. 2010 Bars, E. et al. (1984) Remodeling Abasto Area, Buenos Aires. SUMMA. Vol. 203, pp. 68-69.

Carmen, Mary. “Gardel in Buenos Aires.” Bifurcaciones: Revisita Estudios Culturales Urbana. 14 Oct. 2010. Web. 3 Oct. 2015.

Diéguez, Gustavo and Tella, Guillermo “Construyendo Parques Sociales: Propuesta de Nodos Urbanos Deinclusion Para el Area de Abasto de Buenos Aires Scripta Nova.” Revista Electronics de Geografia y Ciencias Sociales. Vol 11 N. 245. August 2014.

“Estacion Carlos Gardel Subte Linea B | LOQUEVA.” LOQUEVA. 22 Feb. 2015. Web. 11 Nov. 2015.

Jenks, Mike, Daniel Kozak, and Pattaranan Takkanon. World Cities and Urban Form: Fragmented, Polycentric, Sustainable?

Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2008. Print.

Kozak, 0., 2008. Assessing urban fragmentation: the emergence of new typologies in central Buenos Aires. In: M. Jenks, D. Kozak, and P. Takkanon, eds. ‘World cities’ and urbanfor111:frag1nented, polycentric, sustainable? London: Routledge, 239-258.

Miller, Jacob C. “Approximating New Spaces of Consumption at the Abasto Shopping Mall, Buenos Aires, Argentina.” Journal of Cultural Geography (2014): 206-17. Print.

Miller, Jacob C. “The Spatial Dialectics of Modernity and Retail Affect at Abasto Shopping, Buenos Aires, Argentina.” Urban Geography (2013): 843-63. Print.

“News | 10 Cultural Gems of the Abasto Neighborhood.” Abasto Apartments & Suites. 2008. Web. 5 Nov. 2015.

Rajschmir, Cinthia. “Understanding the City: Abasto in Buenos Aires.” Museum International 52.1 (2001): 50-53. Print.

Skoll, Geoffrey, and Maximiliano Korstanje. “The Role of Art in Two Neighborhoods and Responses to Urban Decay and Gentrification.” Antrocom Online Journal of Anthropology 9.1 (2013). Print.

Spatial Revitalization: “Recovering” the Public Spaces of Abasto and Puerto Madero in Buenos Aires by Rachel Sherman University of Michigan 2012 Urgell et al. (1984) refunctionalization buildings Mercado de Abasto Provider. SUMMA Theme Collection. Vol. 3, pp. 76-81.

Urgell et al. (1995) Works and Projects, 1956-1995. Buenos Aires: IPU.

|Abasto As Adaptive Reuse

|Abasto As an example of globalization