PORTFOLIO SELECTED WORKS 2017-2020
MARIA PIA ASSAF MArch | MAS DFab ETH
TABLE OF CONTENTS.N. 2
SELECTED WORKS 2017-2020
DIGITAL FABRICATION 2019-2020
6- 7
8- 13
22- 27
28- 33
ARCHITECTURE 2017-2018
44- 49
14- 17
03
51- 63
2017
Master
18- 21
34- 41
Backbone of the City
64- 69
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Zokak el Blat’s origin is intimately linked to the history of the paved road or Zokak el Blat Street nowadays known as Amine Beyhum Street or Maurice Barres Street. The paving of Amine Beyhum Street aimed to promote the neighborhood residential
Meanwhile many mansions and traditional houses have been subjected to demolishen. During the civil war, Solidere - company in charge of planning and redeveloping Beirut central district - took over the city center for a reconstruction project and included Zokak el
The proposal is div three aspects: -Intervention sites. -Reconstruction/re sites. -Construction sites
The master plan pro responds to all the the city is facing du
DIGITAL FABRICATION.N. 4
The focus of this section is on computational design, robotic fabrication and 3D printing. It shows the implementation of these technologies in architecture and construction. These projects were realised within the framework of my Master of Advanced Studies ETH in Architecture and Digital Fabrication at ETH Zurich in 2019-2020. A variation of explorations from small scale to large scale prototypes.
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MESH SUBDIVISION PYTHON
Tutor: Matthias Bernhard Collaboration with Eliott Sounigo at ETH ZĂźrich- Fall 2019
This project is a one week assignment to work with Compas, a Python-based framework. The idea behind this project is designing a spaceship with mesh subdivision. A mesh is first segmented into several parts then rules of Subdividion are applied on these segments on different levels and iterations.
Four different subvidion grids are introduced and extruded with a range of heights and colors.: 1- Catmull- Clark + Corner Subdivision. 2- Quad Subdivision. 3- Tri + Tapered Subdivision. 4- Tri + Quad Subdivision.
Subdivision
1- Catmull- Clark+ Corner
2- Quad Subdivision
3- Tri+ Tapered Subdivision
Subdivision
Mesh Segmentation
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4- Tri+ Quad Subdivision
MAS ETH DFAB 2019-2020
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MINI EGGSHELL
GRASSHOPPER- UR5 x titan aero x arduino Tutors: Joris Burger, David Jenny, Nizar Taha. Chair: Gramazio and Kohler Research (GKR) at ETH Zürich- Fall 2019 Collaboration with Rémy Clémente & Yuhung Chiu
Mini eggshell involves a small 6 axis robotic setup which is able to extrude plastic in 3d space. This process makes it possible to variate in fabrication of formwork for concrete casting.
Tests were conducted on different forms to define limitations of how thin a formwork could reach and the possibility of intergrating slight reinforcement through the printing process.
In this project, the system allowed to explore different geometries through one path printing and casting concrete simultaneously.
The findings shed a new light on possibilities of the system proving that it can have a great effect on design and build.
SetUp
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Prototypes Printing with UR5 x titan aero x arduino Simultaneous Concrete casting.
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Concrete prototypes after demoulding the formwork.
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FINAL DEMONSTRATOR PLA formwork and concrete casting
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CONCRETE CALLIGRAPHY GRASSHOPPER- PYTHON- ABB
Tutors: Ana Anton, Eleni Skevaki, Yoana taseva Chair: Digital Building Technologies( DBT) at ETH Zürich- Fall 2019 Collaboration with Ioulios Georgio & Mahiro Goto
Concrete Calligraphy is a 4 week design and fabricate project which explores the new possibilities to manufacture a concrete facade system with robotic concrete extrusion 3D printing (CE3DP) system.
The fabrication process follows several steps: line network analysis, slicing in grasshopper, robotic simulation and concrete printing. Th concept of this panel dealt with treating extrusion as lines merging, diverging and overlapping. The challenge is creating a robotic path that reacts to the overlaps, difference in heights and deals well with the succession of layer. In this case, the height of the robotic path is shifted everytime two layers meet or cross.
“As an approach to no-formwork construction, concrete extrusion 3D printing is ideal for complex shapes that would be impossible to produce with any other available technique.” Ana Anton
Overlap Situations
Layers Sequence
1- 3- 5
2- 4- 6
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3D Printed tests Layer height shifting and overlap testing.
Robotic Fabrication Laboratory at ETH ZĂźrich
Fabrication Layer: 12 Amount of Concrete: 12 L
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RAPID CLAY FORMATION I GRASSHOPPER- UR5
Tutor: David Jenny, Coralie Ming, Nicolas Feihl Chair: Gramazio and Kohler Research (GKR) at ETH Zürich- Autumn 2020 Collaboration with László Mangliár, Edurne Morales Zuniga, Indra Santosa
Rapid Clay Formations is a four week design and build assignment investigating a novel fabrication process for malleable materials.
For this project, three main variables were taken into consideration: height, compression ratio, spacing between bullets.
The setup consists of a small-scale six-axis robotic arm manipulating an end-effector that allows to prepare projectiles of different sizes, position them, and press them into their respective shapes by linear pneumatic actuation.
Several prototypes are developed to achieve a range of working pressures related to a specific bullet height obtaining variations without loosing adhesion.Individual positioning of each clay element is informed by the position of the two bullets just underneath.
Through experimental testing, computational design and robotic fabrication, clay bonds typologies and aggregation strategies are developed to be implemented 1:1 large scale pavilion.
The robotic setup consists of picking station on one side and building station on the other.
Clay Bond Explorations
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Placing Orientation
Lateral Support
Reinforcement Distribution Orientation Rotation Overhang
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Merging
Scaled Model Sequences
Scaled Model Sequences Segmentation
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RAPID CLAY FORMATION II GRASSHOPPER- PYTHON
Tutors: David Jenny, Coralie Ming, Nicolas Feihl Chair: Gramazio and Kohler Research (GKR) at ETH Zürich- Autumn 2020 Collaboration with MAS DFAB students
Continuing the concept of “Rapid Clay Formations I”, the focus of this second part is to implement the knowledge acquired in RCF to build a 1:1 large scale pavilion. The robotic setup consists of a 6-axis robotic arm mounted onto a mobile robotic platform (In-situ Fabricator). 1:1 sections of the final design was built at the ETH and was the base to assess the feasibility of the later on design proposal.
The final prototype reflects the most important features of the future pavilion: height, slope, segmentation, end of wall, ‘column’ and pattern in clay bullet arrangement. The prototype built in Zurich used one pugmill and a 1-picker end effector tool. Our time estimate was only one hour less than the time it actually took to build the prototype.We extrapolated the information from this prototype and used it to assess the time of fabrication for the pavilion.
Fabrication Tool Single Picker
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Fabrication Setup Working Area
Robot Reach
Pugmill Clay Extrusion
Bullet Cutting Material Production Cycle Clay Type: Berg Raw Density = 2.054 g/cm3 Extrusion Speed = 3.66 mm/sec Extrusion Diameter = 90mm 1 Bullet (15mm) takes 41 sec 1388 Bullets (15mm) takes 15 hours 48 mins
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Fabrication Timeline Number of Bullets: Clay Fabrication: Robotic Fabrication:
1428 1 pugmill: 3 pugmills: 1 picker:
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32h 08m (5.4 days @ 8hr / day) 10h 43m (1.8 days @ 8hr / day) 13h 45m (2.8 days @ 5 h / day)
DIGITAL BAMBOO PAVILION (dbt.arch.ethz.ch/project/digital-bamboo/)
Tutors: Marirena Kadeftera, Matthias Leschok, Eleni Skevaki, Davide Tanadini Chair: Digital Building Technologies( DBT) at ETH Zürich- Autumn 2020 Collaboration with MAS DFAB students
The Digital Bamboo Pavilion is the result of a 12-week design project that was developed by the students of the Master in Advanced Studies in Architecture and Digital Fabrication at the ETH Zurich 2019-2020 and the chair of Digital Building Technologies. The digital design and planning of the pavilion were accomplished remotely during the confinement period of spring 2020.
Since each bamboo piece is unique (diameter, thickness), the design of the connecting joints constitutes a big challenge. Additive manufacturing allows to create bespoke joint elements that are adaptive to changing geometries. In this project, the majority of the joints were 3D printed using the technique of multi jet fusion – in polyamide (PA12) – while selective laser melting was used for the central stainless steel node.
The bamboo pavilion is a space frame characterized by its lightweight and strong structural scheme. The structure covers more than 40 sqm with a total weight of only 200 kgs. It is made of more than 900 bamboo poles and 378 connecting joints.
The skin panels provide shading patterns to the structure. They were produced using a fabrication process called add-on 3D printing which is the concept of selectively depositing material with additive manufacturing on a material sheet or textile. For the pavilion the skin panels are made of polyester fabric onto which Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycolified (PETG) was printed.
Bamboo is a natural material with a very high weight-to-strength ratio. It has a negative CO2 footprint and a rapid growth rate and thus is an excellent alternative material to steel for spatial structures.
Skin Patterns Subdivision
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Joint Geometry and Locking system with zip ties 3D printed with polyamide (PA12).
Skin Panel connection to the Bamboo Structure Prototype of the skin panels produced using the fabrication method called addon 3D printing which is the concept of taking a substrate material and directly 3D printing onto it.
3D model rendering Structure and skin shadow effect
3D model rendering Interior view
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MAS ETH DFAB 2019-2020
SKIN
ROOF STRUCTURE
COLUMNS
PLATFORM
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Bamboo Structure & Joints
Bamboo Structure & Central Node
3D printing on Fabric prototype of skin panel 32
MAS ETH DFAB 2019-2020
On Site Skin Panel Assembly
Central Node made of stainless steel
On Site Structure Assembly 33
MAS ETH DFAB THESIS FILIGREE CONCRETE: The Architecture of Fibres GRASSHOPPER- FDM 3D PRINTING
Tutos:: Andrei Jipa, Angela Yoo, Georgia Chousou Chair: Digital Building Technologies( DBT) at ETH Zurich Collaboration with Ioulios Georgiou
Ultra-High performance fibre reinforced concrete is concrete containing fibrous material that increases its structural performance. Fibres provide a great flexibility in their use, as they offer fewer restrictions regarding the type and shape of the formwork. This allows for more filigree and free forms of concrete architecture.
The aim of this thesis was to focus on design possibilities of this technology. Through experimentations on 3D printed formworks, casting strategies and analysis of fiber orientation, the design and fabrication of slender concrete architectural components becomes more informed, leading to the exploration of a new design language.
The optimal contribution of the fibres in terms of structural strength is when they are oriented along the direction of tensile stresses and can bridge cracks in the overall structure.
For the purpose of the thesis, a final demonstrator is developed to showcase all the series of informed explorations. Therefore, a geometry in the form of tracery is generated that features the concept of casted flows and shows the strong relationship between the structure, ornament, and lightness.
Design Logic 70 cm
100 cm
Detecting angles wider than 90 °
Elliptical frame to prevent transition at the edges
Generate a smoothened geometry (mesh)
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Total Number of segments: 12 Printing time: 66:38 h Filament used: 1092 g
MAS ETH DFAB 2019-2020
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PRELIMINARY PROTOTYPES I
Constant l: 15 cm
Height: h Diameter: d Length per branch: l
Variable Angle : a: 45 ° b: 60 ° c: 90 °
Casting Points
Finding: Angles < 90 ° faster flow and reach
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Constant h: 25 cm Angle: 45 ° d: 1.2 cm
Variable a: 2 branches b: 4 branches c: 8 branches Finding: Flow rate stays constant
III
Constant l: 15 cm Variable Number of branches
Finding: Concrete reaches the 15 cm segments from one casting point
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ADVANCED PROTOTYPES Prototype casted twice differently to compare fibre distribution 01- Bottom up casting in sand to prevent damages causedby hydrostatic pressure
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02-Horizontally casted
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PRELIMINARY PROTOTYPES A series of tests and prototypes were conducted to explore the process. Since we are working with tubular forms, we started testing branching angles, generations and different casting strategies in order to collect data for an informed casting of the final demonstrator. Fibre orientation is strongly influenced by the direction, speed of the flow, which is affected by the formwork geometry and topology. Material properties such as viscocity of concrete and fibre properties also affect the alignment but for our research we kept the material recipe as a constant and focus on the first two parameters.
Fibre Alignment Fibres visible on the surface of branching prototypes. Disalignment visible in wideer area circled in red.
Fibres orientation tend to have an uneven and random distribution when casted in wide surfaces. Therefore, the focus was on testing thinner forms, which help us control the flow of the concrete better and thus fibre alignment. An effective alingment of the fibres can be generally observed from the physical sections or image tracing analysis. Cross section photo
Image particle analysis
Fibre Alignment Fibres visibe on the surface of branching prototypes. Smooth transition at the nodes
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Casting Setup Panel covered in sand to prevent damages in formwork sure to hydrostatic pressure while casting . Funnels placed at each casting point. Geometry is welded and casted altogther at one go.
FDM 3D Printing formwork in segments
Filament: PLA 1.75 Nozzle Diameter: 0.6 mm Layer Height: 0.3 mm
Final Demostrator Closups
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ARCHITECTURE.N. 42
The focus of this section is on architecture presenting 3 different projects. The first is a competition I participated in dealing with smart housing. The second is my final year Master ‘s project in Architecture, dealing with reconversion of a potential abandonned industrial area in Lebanon. The last project, is a urban planning project which wasExhibited at Centre Pompidou, Hors-Pistes: La nation et des fiction 2018, “Backbone of the City” Urban and Design Studio VII.
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COMPETITION MINI LIVING mini-PopUp
Dezeen x MINI Living Future Urban Home Competition
Most overcrowded cities are struggling nowadays to find places to build affordable housing. With public transportation, most parking lots are only used about half of the time and tend to be located near downtown areas, exactly where many people want to live.
They can be installed in almost any location across cities such as the 5th wall of high buildings and can work as parasite houses that stick to unused facades or between tiny spaces of neighboring building facades. The system of spatial usage allows total flexibility inside the micro-house. The house starts as a 3x3 m fixed room which is the sanitary and service area and could expand up to 9 m creating living and sleeping areas..
micro-houses are built to that fit the footprint of a standard parking space. These micro-houses are designed to be self-sufficient, with a kitchen, bathroom, and adptable sliding living units.
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MINI LIVING 2018
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Natural Llight mini rooftop hangout Garden
Base Storage Bed Water Tank
Water tank Rain water collector
Double bed Storage
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MINI LIVING 2018
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MINI LIVING 2018
Compact: One Bedroom Kitchen Bathroom
Wood
Extension: Two Bedroom Livingroom Kitchen Bathroom
Full Extension: Two Bedroom + extra bed Livingroom Outdoor Space Kitchen Bathroom
Steel Frame
Translucent Polycarbonate Panels
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2018 Diploma project
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2018 Diploma
2018 project Diploma project
FINAL YEAR PROJECT Atmospheres have a role in constructing shows, and can be implemented in different forms of arts and architecture. Taking the example of The Kunthaus gallery for contemporary art, which neglects the setting around with its opaque façade and neutral atmosphere for art on the inside so it would feel like a landscape, thus; the visitor experiences nature inside the building.
MASTERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S THESIS
The parcours as shown in the top view consists of 4
Tutor: Antoine Younan different phases classified according the process of Location: Chekka, Lebanon Holy Spirit University of Kaslik-cement 2018production:
The incubator: Earth- Nature
Chekka, Lebanon was an agricultural city that gradually become an industrial pole. After many years the coastline was left in abandonment and the site that used to function as a cement factoey became forgotten The process of cement is zone.
sustainable construction The beauty of the industrial heritage found there Sliding becomes the subject of the thesis. Along exhibition panels: Air- reused materials the site, 4 main interventions take place to Machine Fire recreate aLabs: space that was once active. From a fab labs/ startups/ conceptual of view, these 4 spaces are experimental point cabinets. thought of as 4 phases of the cement producIce Tube: Air tion based on 4 elements of nature: Blur platform: Water - The Experimental incubator: earth- sustainable constructube 07 tion museum 08 - Sliding exhibition panels: air- reused materials. - Science city: Fire- fab labs. - Ice bridge: Air. - Blur platform: Water - Experimenting matter.
simplified to a form that is reduced to the elements
of nature which is by its openness The coastline is caracterized based on the conversion tothe outside world, its of the past, of thelandmark site: and its location which suitable for tourism and nautical activities. An abandonned once Holcimcement factory is left neglected on this coast.
LafargeHolcim LafargeHolcim Foundation Foundation
The LafargeHolcim Foundation The Foundation was forLafargeHolcim sustainable construction for sustainable construction was created in 2003 to raise awarencreated in 2003 to raise ess of the important roleawarenthat ess of the important role thaturban architecture, engineering, architecture, engineering, planning and constructionurban have planning and construction have in achieving a more sustainable infuture. achieving a more sustainable future. It globally encourage critical Itinterdisciplinary globally encourage andcritical long-range interdisciplinary and long-range perspectives. For instance,it - The global cement industry is perspectives. For instance,it becomes the biggest actor in - The global cement industry responsible for around 5%isof becomes the biggest actor in responsible foremissions. around 5% of the project. global CO2 the project. global CO2 emissions. 02- The Blur Platform 03- View showing the four projects
02- The Blur Platform
- High concentrations of these - High concentrations of these pollutants in the atmosphere have pollutants in the atmosphere have detrimental effects on the human detrimental effects on the human body and also cause environmenta body and also cause environmental problems. problems.
03- View showing the four projects
04- The Incubator
05- Model showing a small part of the Science city (Silos Reconversion)
01- The Main model showing the Incubator and the bridge leading to the Industrial Science city
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ARCHITECTURE MASTERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S THESIS 2018
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GLOBAL STRATEGY
Coastline Buffer zone
Inactive zone Active zone
A buffer zone is formed between The buffer zone becomes the the two roads separates both in- area that separates the inactive dustrial sites. industrial coastline zone and the active working plant located Through a process, the poi- above the highway,thus; sets a sonous content caused by the barrier between the soon to be abandoned eternit cement fac- ecological park and the polluted tory is treated by green remedi- area of the working plant. aition techniques. Still working as a connector, the The zone then becomes a green buffer zone becomes the culturpublic space. al platform that links both sides .
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Inactive Harbor Active harbor Quick Alternative Access
Having two industrial harbors in one area, is considered excessive for a coast like Chekka, given its potential. The holcim harbor has been partly inactive over the years, whereas the cimenterie nationale is still fully working. Therefore, joining the harbors in the condensed industrial area leaves the abandoned site ready for conversion.
ARCHITECTURE MASTERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S THESIS 2018
PROGRAMME
GLOBAL STRATEGY Effect on the coast and region
PHASE 01 Soil remediation- Reviving the existing plant connection
PHASE 02 Creation of a buffer zone Events and market place along the coast
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PHASE 03 The conversion of the abandoned industrial city. Attraction pole and recreation of the whole region.
The first intervention is the central link betwen two bridges connecting the upper working plant with the lower abandonned plant. According to the process, it acts as the first atmospheric phase in the project (earth: the quarry) and introduces the process of ciment in an educational and cultural way, thus; becomes the incubator of sustainable construction and the center of attraction of visitors. The interactive central circulation takes the orange color representing the contrast between fire and coal from the industrial age.
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ARCHITECTURE MASTER’S THESIS 2018
2018 2018 PROJET
PROJET DIPLOME DIPLOME
Level -1
Ground Level
Level +1 =
Level +2
Level +3
Level +4
inférieure érieure
i introduit troduit nstruction ruction eur orange orange
Galerie de pierre 02-02Galerie de pierre Galerie de plafond interactive 01-01Galerie de plafond “Geology of the newinteractive earth” . “Geology of the new earth” .
charbon rbon
09 09 10 10
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The Incubator
The Interactive Ceiling Gallery
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ARCHITECTURE MASTER’S THESIS 2018
Portal of Industrial Heritage 360° cinema Gallery of the new earth Interactive ceiling installation
Dynamic Circulation Steel, fire, and coal
Slabs
Polycarbonate Facade
Axonometric Drawing The incubator
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Research and experimentation
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ARCHITECTURE MASTERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S THESIS 2018
Science City- Refurbished plant The third intervention takes place in the factory ( machine: fire) where the major refurbishement will take place. Conveying belt: Bridge or escalator
Silos: Cabinets of curiosity
The site is transformed into a science city where there is room for research, experimentation and equipped labs. The rehabilitation phase consists of preserving the existiing structures while integrating a new function to them. -Conveying belts: long monumental escalators. -Existing buildings: labs. -Silos: cabinets of curiosity and experimentation.
Meeting points: Circulation connectors
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ARCHITECTURE MASTERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S THESIS 2018
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ARCHITECTURE MASTERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S THESIS 2018
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Master
Backbone of the City
BACKBONE OF THE CITY REJUVENATING THE SOCIAL PLATFORM
Tutor: Abdul-Halim Jabr Collaborative work at Holy Spirit University of Kaslik- 2017 Exhibited at Centre Pompidou, Hors-Pistes: La nation et des fiction 2018, “Backbone of the City” Urban and Design Studio VII.
Zokak el Blat’s origin is intimately linked to the history of the paved road or Zokak el Blat Street nowadays known as Amine Beyhum Street or Maurice Barres Street. The paving of Amine Beyhum Street aimed to promote the neighborhood residential attractiveness while granting the district a pioneering role in the expansion of the city outside its limits.
Armenian and another wave of Shiite. Meanwhile many mansions and traditional houses have been subjected to demolishen. During the civil war, Solidere - company in charge of planning and redeveloping Beirut central district - took over the city center for a reconstruction project and included Zokak el Blat in the planning.
Meanwhile changes many Zokak el Blat’s is demographic Due toorigin the constant and the lack of a consisting urban planning, the mansions traditional intimatelyregion linkedbecame to thea residential area. Theand Shiite society that dominated Zokak el Blat made it hard houses history ofonthepeople paved road with other religions to fithave in. been subjected to demolishen. During the civil or Zokak el Blat Street nowadays known as Amine war, Solidere - company in Beyhum Street or Maurice charge of planning and Barres Street. The paving redeveloping Beirut central district - took over the city of Amine Beyhum Street center for a reconstruction aimed to promote the project and included Zokak el neighborhood residential Blat in the planning.Due to the attractiveness while granting the district a pion- constant demographic changes eering role in the expansion and the lack of a consisting of the city outside its limits. urban planning, the region became a residential area. The Shiite society that dominated The first inhabitants were mainly Christians and after Zokak el Blat made it hard on the upgrade that happened people with other religions to fit in. on this alley in 1820, the region was faced with new waves64of Shiite migrants and Evidently, the paved city
The first inhabitants were mainly Christians and after the upgrade that happened on this alley in 1820, the region was faced with new waves of Shiite migrants and Kurds in 1920. And in 1975 the region faced another social change with the departure of many Maronite and
The prop three as -Interve -Recons sites. -Constru
The mas respond the city lack of f timeline citywill becomin nurturin and its c
A new p for the “ the area
BACKBONE OF THE CITY 2018
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BACKBONE OF THE CITY 2018
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01 / ABELLA HOUSE The first intervention is taking over a historical building in good shape where the owners want to get rid of therefore some small alternations are sufficient to make the house open to the public andturn it into a cultural hub.
03 / DESIGNER’S MARKET The third project will take place in an empty plot (used as a parking plot) near a historical building from the French colonial times. Temporary markets take place in the empty plot benefiting the locals the first couple of years, thus; the revenue would then be invested in the reconversion of the building into a vertical designer’s market serving the educational institution and local graduates
02 / FORMER FARJALLAH PROPERTIES The next intervention will take place near the German Institute (GI) which previously belonged to the ‘Farjallah’ family. Following the economic crisis, the owner sold small parts of the plot gradually until he was left with none. The GI took over the biggest part of the plot. A plan to re-combine the entire plot with the help of the institute can be beneficial for both the private and thepublic sector.
04 / TECHNICAL SCHOOL (STARTUPS) A Kuwaiti investor, for religious raisons invested in building a school for Shiite which at some point was abandoned.The building has a stable, efficient, and concrete structure system which could beneficial to turn the abandonnement to start-up offices that will supervise the technical school.
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BACKBONE OF THE CITY 2018
05 / EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION For existing schools the idea was to invest in activities during the summer season
and the public activities, the empty lot turns into a gathering space rebalancing the urban density of the area.
06 / MUSICAL INSTITUTION To the other side of the road, the house of Fairuz, the iconic lebanese singer, is located in the area. She used to live there in her young early years, but now the site is left in miserable state. It is important to highlight ts significance by introducing a music institution surrounded around Fairuzâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s old house turning new residential buildings into artist residency to complement serving the new function.
The visitor who enters the area from the main artery ends up in an outdoor park with local small shops (good investment). As for 15 floors empty building on the corner, it becomes an attraction point for businesses owners and local companies. 08 / SPORTS COMPLEX In addition to the school sports fields that can be used when the school is closed a sports complex could be a suitable playground for young people in this area.
07 / MIXED-USE SPACE The Patriarchate is located between the new residential part and the old historical section. To keep this space a link and transition between the residential area.
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MARIA PIA ASSAF MArch | MAS DFab ETH
