Estudiants de l’assignatura
Professors de l’assignatura i coordinació Maria Rubert de Ventós_Àlex Giménez Imirizaldu Producció i maquetació Marta Pérez Franco_Berta Cusó Cuquerella Edicions ETSAB 2012
Maria Alonso Marta Arranz Carla Bach Marta Bandrés Alfonso Bertrán Paula Berzosa Adriana Caballero Marina Campomar Elena Campos Michaela Cho Carla Compte Berta Cusó Gael Del Río Anne D’Hermy Melody Devillier Elsa Díaz Marika Dumkova Linda Emdal Agnès Escaler Elisabet Fàbrega Júlia Ferran François Filarte Marta Font Cristina Fullana Ignacio Ferrer
Maria Giramé Berta Lloveras Asun López Inés Masó Júlia Medina Theo Fèlix Mensah Nicolás Millan Simon Nicoloso Angela Peralta Anna Pérez Carlos Pérez Marta Pérez Anna Pons Henrik Poulsson Marie-lou Roederer Annabel Romero Miquel Ruiz Joan Simonet Elvira Solana Adrià Solbes Cristina Torrent Sílvia Trullàs Lucien Villiger Olga Virtanen
L E A R N I N G FROMS Ã O P A U L O MariaRubert_ÀlexGiménez_professors de l’assignatura
Research Projects Region_Miquel Ruiz + Berta Cusó Cartography_Melody Devillier + Anna Pérez + Simon Nicoloso Green Areas_Marta Pérez + Carla Compte + Carlos Pérez + Sílvia Trullàs Immigratory flow_Marika Dumkova + Linda Emdal + Henrik Poulsson Transport_Cristina Fullana + Inés Masó + Anna Pons + Cristina Torrent + Lucien Villiger Architecture_Marta Arranz + Carla Bach + Maria Giramé Vertical residential_Nicolás Millán Informal city_Adriana Caballero + Michaela Cho + Asun López + Júlia Medina Neighbourhoods_Marta Badrés + Agnès Escaler + Alfonso Bertran + Júlia Ferran + Marina Campomar
Workshop Projects ESTACIÓN DE LA LUZ Vertical slums_Adriana Caballero + Michaela Cho + Asun López + Júlia Medina From Luz to Paulista_Adrià Solves + Elsa Díaz + Ignacio Ferrer + Maria Alonso CANTINHO DO CÉU Emptying+Reocupating_Gael Del Río + Berta Lloveras + Olga Virtanen Urban gardens_Marta Arranz + Carla Bach + Maria Giramé + Nicolás Millán Sports park_Theo Fèlix Mensah PARAISÓPOLIS Nextstop:Paraisopolis_Cristina Fullana + Inés Masó + Anna Pons + Cristina Torrent + Lucien Villiger Thinking the limit_Annabel Romero + Marie-lou Roedererw Acupuncture points_Marika Dumkova + Linda Emdal + Henrik Poulsson New Squares_Miquel Ruiz + Marta Pérez + Berta Cusó Following the water_Melody Devillier + Anna Pérez + Simon Nicoloso Bring it out_Marta Badrés + Agnès Escaler + Alfonso Bertran + Júlia Ferran + Marina Campomar More connection project_Paula Berzosa + François Filatre + Marta Font Refilled_Elena Campos + Elisabet Fàbrega + Juan Simonet How to deal with
public areas_Anne D’Hermy
Learning from São Paulo ”Learning from X” forma part d’un programa de monogràfics sobre grans ciutats del món que impartim des de l’any 2009. El curs vol aprofitar l’enorme energia de Brasil, i en concret de São Paulo, que està liderant la transformació de la ciutat informal i l’extensió sense precedents del metro a Amèrica llatina, i aportar-hi l’experiència més recent i experimental de l’urbanisme de Barcelona, i en particular la iniciativa Racons Públics. L’objectiu és construir un cos de coneixement compartit entre l’experiència de Barcelona amb la ciutat informal i la microcirurgia urbana i la realitat urbana de São Paulo i els seus conflictes i potencials contemporanis. I com a resultat: a.Detectar els llocs clau de la ciutat on una acció d’acupuntura podria millorar el seu funcionament i el seu paisatge i generar un debat públic propositiu sobre les possibles solucions de millora d’aquests punts clau. b.Plantejar la Recuperació de 10 indrets de la ciutat per a l’ús públic. c.Documentar i mostrar l’experiència com a part d’una acció acadèmica internacional.
Bibliografia Habitaçao e cidade, Anália Amorim, Ruben Otero, Escola da Cidade 2009. Tactical Operations in the Informal City. Christian Werthman. Harvard University Graduate School of Design, 2009. Urbanizaçao de Favelas, A experiência de Sao Paulo, Prefeitura de Sao Paulo, Secretaria de Habitaçao, 2008. Cortiços, A experiência de Sao Paulo, Alfonso López, Elisabete França, Prefeitura de Sao Paulo, Secretaria de Habitaçao, 2010. Caminhos do Elevado, Memória e Projectos, Rosa Artigas et al, Governo de Sao Paulo, 2008. Social Housing in Sao Paulo: Challenges and New Management Tools, Elisabete França et al, World Bank et al, 2009. Mapeando a Habitaçao na Cidade de Sao Paulo, Prefeitura de Sao Paulo, 2008. A Cidade Informal no Século 21. Violêta Saldanha, Marisa Barda, Elisabete França et al. Prefeitura de Sao Paulo 2010.
REGION Miquel Ruiz + Berta Cusó The region project is the geographic analysis of Sao Paulo state which shows the topography and the different uses on the territory. Also we can see the location and implementation of the most important state’s cities. Last image is the comparison between Sao Paulo and other periphery cities whose growing, topography and density.
Topography
REGION
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Serra do mar is the mountain ranger behind the coast line. The coast is a really narrow strip. Plan alto is the flat Paranabasin. Water
Infrastructures and settlements are developed a long the river basin.
Light night impact.
REGION
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REGION
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REGION
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CARTOGRAPHY Melody Devillier + Anna PĂŠrez + Simon Nicoloso This project shows the historical evolution of the city of Sao Paulo trough different cartographic documents. After this study coming up some questions: What is the limit to the urban expansion? Is Sao Paulo a urban patchwork? Contrasting between cities shapes with social reality allow observing the relationship with social segregation and space segregation.
CARTOGRAPHY
1841_S達o Paulo and its Suburbs Carlos Abra達o Bresser
1842_Map of S達o Paulo Jos辿 Jacques da Costa
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CARTOGRAPHY
1881_City Plan ompanhia Cantareira e Esgotos
1930_Avenues Plan
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CARTOGRAPHY
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A set of arterialavenues to be built, and to widen the existing streets. This proposal also proponed the building of an underground network of trains, and instead focused on developing transportation by private cars and by public buses.
CARTOGRAPHY
Avenida Paulista 1898
Avenida Paulista 1999
Avenida Paulista 1902
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GREEN AREAS Marta Pérez + Carla Compte + Carlos Pérez + Sílvia Trullàs This project tries to explain the importance of the green areas in the city of Sao Paulo. We can observe the characteristics and the difference between three important parks whose location, limits, activities and the relationship with the urban territory.
GREEN_AREAS
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GREEN AREAS SURFACE: 45.258.909 m2 66.5% parks 13,5% squares 20% others spaces MAIN PARKS: Parque de ibirapuera It is the most famous because there are lots of activities. Parque estadual da cantareira It is the bigest urban forestal reserve of brazil. Área de protección Ambiental capivari-monos There are the most important diversity of flora and fauna. Parque estadual do jaragua It is biosfera reserve unesco since 1994.
GREEN_AREAS
PARQUE ESTADUAL DA CANTAREIRA THE BIGGEST URBAN FOREST RESERVE IN BRASIL 4.355 ha Protected area for UNESCO since 1994. It is in north zone of S達o Paulo. Athlantic forest with variety of flora and fauna. Created at the end of the XIX century to guarantee water sources for S達o Paulo city. Limit with slums, few doors/points to connect with the park
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GREEN_AREAS
ÁREA OF ENVIRONMETAL PROTECTION CAPIVARI-MONOS Two native tribes living in the area South of São Paulo Clean rivers and wide forests, are now threatened by the expansion of the city.
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GREEN_AREAS
PARQUE DE IBIRAPUERA 1,584 km² Three artificial lakes 157.000 m² 1951_ architecture project: Oscar Niemeyer landscape project: Roberto Burle Marx The most visited park in São Paulo, with lot of interest points: Planetarium, Modern Art Museum, Biennial Pavilion, Japanese Pavilion, and diferent sports and activity zones.
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IMMIGRATORY FLOW Marika Dumkova + Linda Emdal + Henrik Poulsson The physical limit of the city is not the same that the political border. Sao Paulo integrates the new neighborhoods of immigrant communities.
IMMIGRATORY_FLOW
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BRASIL IMMIGRATORY FLOW I. Portugese found brasil 1500 Before 2,4 million amerindians FLOW II. opening of Brazilian ports in 1808 immigration started 1850 Brazil declared the end of the slave trade FLOW III. economic boom,coffee plantations 1877-1903 FLOW IV. first world war - number of immigrants decreased 1904-1930
IMMIGRATORY_FLOW
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FLOW V. political radicalisation in Europe, demographic crisis, decadence of coffee culture,Revolution 1930, nationalist governments number of immigrants decreased 1931-1964 FLOW VI. lately trends 1964-2011: 1970’ due to civil wars: Lebanese, Palestinians, Syrians 1990’ Y u g o s l a v i a n s , Afghanistans, West Africans, Koreans, Argentines + Latin Americans
IMMIGRATORY_FLOW
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How the migratory flow influenced the growth of São Paulo city. History of spreading São Paulo city
Reasons of the rapid growth Rural-urban migration (push-pull factors) Push • Mechanisation of farms and shortage of alternative jobs results in high rural unemployment • Large landowners take back the land of their tenant farmers to grow cash crops for export • High infant mortality due to lack of clean water, electricity, sewerage and medical care • Housing in rural areas is even worse than in the city • Periodic droughts in NE Brazil • Lack of schools, shops, etc Pull • Advertising campaigns were run in rural areas in the 1950s-1960s to attract workers to the city • More schools, doctors and other services in the city • Successful migrants encourage people to join them • High birth rate • Low death rate leading to longer life expectancy
IMMIGRATORY_FLOW
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Attempts to solve the problems: 1. Clearance of the slums: in the past the authorities tried but people just moved elsewhere 2. Site and service schemes - the government will provide a site (a small concrete ‘hut’) and basic amenities such as water and sewer facilities. The migrant is given rights of ownership and then expected to complete the work at his or her expense. In other situations, the authorities provide the plot and building materials for the migrants to construct their own homes. These schemes are relatively cheap and give the migrants a sense of control over their future. They also encourage community spirit. 3. Rehabilitation (self-help schemes): An alternative to this scheme is to provide the residents of the shanty towns with the materials to improve their existing shelters. Residents are also encouraged to set up community schemes to improve education and medical services. Residents may also be given rights of ownership whilst local authorities come in and provide electricity, water and sewerage disposal. It is a cheaper option than the site and service schemes but simply hides the real problems. 4. Housing developments: Large areas of shanty towns cleared, tower blocks built and the shanty town residents re-housed. 5. Charities: charity projects provide jobs and other benefits such as pensions and medical care. 6. Transport: underground metro system - improves movement of people and reduces pollution, new roads, new train and bus services, pedestrianised CBD and parking restrictions. 7. Industrial estates: New industrial estates with water, sewerage and electricity are located close to the favellas to provide business premises and jobs
TRANSPORT Cristina Fullana + In茅s Mas贸 + Anna Pons + Cristina Torrent + Lucien Villiger
This project shows the transport impact in the city. We can observe that the future previsions of public transport are the solution to reduce the massive use of private vehicles whose provoke traffic jam in all the city every day.
TRANSPORT
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BUS_INTRA-CITY 37% of the Population of Sao Paulo use Public Transport: 3’000’000 people by bus 2’500’000 people by metro The buses have their own lane so that they are faster than cars but they are overloaded. -19 Trolleybuslines (improvement of air quality) - a lot of other lines -15’000 registered buses in Sao Paulo
TRANSPORT
ACTUAL SITUATION
FUTURE: PREVISION FOR 2017
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TRANSPORT
AIRPORTS + HELIPORTS São Paulo has three airports There are two major airports in the São Paulo metropolitan area: São Paulo/Guarulhos International and CongonhasSão Paulo Airport for domestic flights. There’s also a small airport known as Campo de Marte north of the Old Center for small, private aircraft and helicopters São Paulo has the second largest fleet of helicopters in the world Being increasingly used by the richest of the city to escape major congestion. There are many companies of aero taxi in the city, more used by executives to travel in the fast axis Rio-São Paulo.
Helicopter is an important mode of transportation. The city has the maximum number of helicopters in the world. Executives and businessmen primarily use helicopters. According to Brazil’s National Aviation Agency the number of helicopters in Sao Paulo state jumped from 374 to 469 between 1999 and 2008, making it the helicopter capital of the world ahead of both New York and Tokyo. The helicopter boom has transformed Sao Paulo into a real-life, South American episode of The Jetsons, with a constant flow of helicopters jittering through the city’s skies, tiny spots ducking and diving as they make their way from helipad to helipad.
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TRANSPORT
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PRIVATE TRANSPORT The city is connected with other parts of the country with 10 important highways TRAFFIC JAMS There are acquired 1.000 cars every day It easy takes 3 hours to get to work Longest traffic jam in Sao Paulo: 266 km!
ARCHITECTURE Marta Arranz + Carla Bach + Maria Giramé The history of the Brazilian skyscraper began with São Paulo’s Prédio Martinelli in 1929, which initiated a thorough verticalization of the city. From the 1960s the center for new skyscrapers moved south to Paulista Avenue. In the 1990s with Paulista already saturated, development moved south again to Berrini Avenue and Pinheiros Freeway in the Brooklin region.
Colonial Period 1554-1830
Patio do Colegio 1554
República velha 1890-1900
Estaçao da Luz 1895-1901
ARCHITECTURE
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Edificio Martinelli_Giuseppe Martinell 1930
s.XX 1900-1930 Igreja da ordem terceira do carmo 1592
Facultade de direito 1828
Catedral da Sé 1913-1967
Teatro Municipal_Ramos de Azeredo 1922
Mercado Municipal_Ramos de Azeredo 1933
Casa das Rosas_Ramos de Azeredo 1935
ESCOLA CARIOCA 1950-1960
ARCHITECTURE
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CASA DE VIDRIO_Lina Bo Bardi 1950
PAULISTANO ATHLETIC CLUB GYMNASIUM_ Mendes da Rocha 1957 -1961
EDIFÍCIO COPAN_Oscar Niemeyer 1957 -1966
ESTÁDIO CÍCERO POMPEU DE TOLEDO_Vilanova Artigas 1952-70
EDIFICIO BARAO DE IGUAPE - Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP, Jacques Pilon, Gian Carlo
ESCOLA PAULISTA 1960-1970
ARCHITECTURE
UNIVERSIDADE DE Sﾃグ PAULO, ARQUITECTURA Vilanova Artigas, 1961-68
EDIFICIO ITALIA_Franz Heep 1965
MUSEU DE ARTE DE Sﾃグ PAULO_Lina Bo Bardi 1960-69
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ARCHITECTURE
Edificio Grande Sao Paulo_1971
Edificio Flesp_Rino Levi_1979
Tienda Forma_Mendes da Rocha_1987
SESC POMPEAIA_Lina Bo Bardi_1986
PINACOTECA DO ESTADO_Mendes da Rocha_1999
Biblioteca Memorial A.L._Oscar Niemeyer_1989
Auditorio Ibirapuera_Oscar Neimeyer_2005
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VERTICAL RESIDENTIAL Nicolรกs Millรกn
VERTICAL RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE IN SAO PAULO
1 PERIOD/1940s and 1950s VERTICAL_RESIDENTIAL R39
During the mid-20th century the city of São Paulo experienced, along with intense growth and industrialization, radical urban restructuring, featuring a new road network and large-scale transformations in the built environment, in which intensive vertical occupation of the central districts played a major part. The 1930s and 1940s when modernist propositions were being introduced in Brazilian architecture witnessed the creation of buildings with pioneering structural, typological, and esthetic innovations. Verticalization, formerly restricted to commercial buildings in the historic city core, reached adjacent residential areas such as Higienópolis, in a moment when legislation required that apartament buildings should have frontal setbacks and provide free spaces inside the plot, in order to ensure adequate insolation and ventilation.
UPC/ETSAB/LEARNING FROM S.P NICOLÁS MILLÁN
1-2-Facade/terrace view Gonçales Biar building 1943/architect:Tadeu Giuzio/source: Acrópolez, abr, 1943, p.511 3-Facade João Alfredo building 1942/source: Acropole, set. 1942, p.173 4-5-Facade/interior Bretagne Building 1958/source:www.reprint-blog.com.br 6-Terrace view Bretagne 6Building/source:www.flickr.com
POSSIBILITY OF MAKING BUILDINGS IN HEIGHT DEPENDS ON: REAL STATE MARKET/NEW CONSTRUCTIVE SYSTEMS/ THE POSSIBILITIES OF THE CONCRETE EXPLORING AN APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY IMPERATIVE OF CHEAPNESS PRODUCTION IMPER INTRODUCTION OF NEW TOPICS:
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INTRODUCTION OF THE ROOF-GARDEN ADVOCATED BY LE CORBUSIER/THE OTHER 4 POINTS ARE ABSENT IN A TROPICAL CLIMATE THE USE OF FLAT SLABS ON THE ROOF HAD TO WAIT FOR THE IMPROVEMENT FOR WATERPROOFING/MULTIPLE VERSIONS OF ART DECO STYLE EXAMPLES/TYPOLOGIES EX
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a/JOAO ALFREDO BUILDING 1942 MAXIMUN USE OF THE LAND STORES ON THE GROUND FLOOR UNDEFINED PROGRAM/CUSTOMERS DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS/EXPECTATIONS OF A NEW UNKNOWN MARKET/APARTMENTS WITHOUT KITCHEN COMMUNITY FACILITIES/MAY BE ASSOCIATED TO COLLECTIVE KITCHENS
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b/BRETAGNE BUILDING 1958/JOAO ARTACHO JURADO ARCHITECT AND BUSINESSMAN/HIGIENOPOLIS CONCEPT OF CONDOMINIUM/BUILDINGS DESIGNED WITH A VARIETY OF SERVICES AND LEISURE FACILITIES/SWIMIMNG POOL TERRACE/ROOFTOP BAR/PLAYGROUND AREA MARKETING STRATEGIES STR MIXTURE OF STYLES AN LENGUAGES/HOLLYWOOD
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2 PERIOD/1940s and 1950s VERTICAL_RESIDENTIAL R40 UPC/ETSAB/LEARNING FROM S.P
EXAMPLES/TYPOLOGIES b/LIVIA MARIA BUILDING 1943
VERTICAL RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE IN SAO PAULO
NICOLÁS MILLÁN
COMMERCIAL USE ON THE GROUND FLOOR FLOOR-TYPE/FIVE APARTMENTS NO MAID´S ROOM/COLLECTIVE BATHROOM ON EACH FLOOR TERRACES RORK AS SERVICE AREAS
3-Facade Livia Maria building 1943/architect: H.S. Caiuby/source: Acrópole, may, 1943, p.53 4-Facade Regencia building 1941/source: Acropole, jun. 1941, p.80 5-6-7-8-Louveira building 1946/architect: Joao Batista Vilanova Artigas/source: www.docomomo.org.br
THREE DIFFERENT TYPES: a)LIVING ROOM/ BEDROOM AND BATHROOM (3 UNITS) b)DINING ROOM/2 BEDROOMS/KITCHEN AND BATHROOM c)LIVING ROOM/DINING ROOM/2 BEDROOMS/KITCHEN AND BATHROOM c/REGENCIA BUILDING 1941 UNITS WITH MAID´S ROOM COMMON SOLUTION/CONCENTRATION OF ALL MAID´S ROOMS AND BATHROOMS ON THE LAST FLOOR SERVICE ENTRANCE COLLECTIVE LAUNDRY BAR AND GARDEN FOR USE OF RESIDENTS CONSTRUCTION OF UNDERGROUND GARAGES/NUMBER OF VACANCIES ALWAYS MUCH LOWER THAN THE NUMBER OF APARTMENTS RELATIVE UNIFORMITY OF PROGRAMS FIRST FLOOR/OFFICES d/LOUVEIRA BUILDING 1946/JOAO BATISTA VILANOVA ARTIGAS
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LOCATED AS THE OTHER EXAMPLES ON THE EXPANSION AREA OF HIGIENOPOLIS CONTINUE THE RESIDENCIAL USE IN A GROWING VERTICAL CITY WAS MARKEDLY PIONEER NOT ONLY TO MAKE USE OF IMPORTANT ADVANCES IN SAO PAULO´S MODERN ARCHITECTURE INNOVATE INTERPRETATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF LE CORBUSIER INTERESTING URBAN INTERVENTION THAT DEPLOYS TWO BLOCKS CREATING A SEMI PUBLIC SPACE BUI BUILT ON STILTS IN THE CONCRETE STRUCTURE , CONTAINS TWO LARGE APARTMENTS ON EACH FLOOR THREE BEDROOMS/LIVING ROOM/ONE BATHROOM/KITCHEN AND SERVICE DEPENDENCIES IT STILL MERITS ATTENTION DUE TO CAREFUL URBAN INSERTION AND DIALOGUE WITH ITS SURROUNDINGS
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NTIAL RE IN AULO
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PERIOD/1940s and 1950s UPC/ETSAB/LEARNING FROM S.P NICOLÁS MILLÁN
1-Ground floor plan, first floor plan João Alfredo building 1942/source: Acropole, set. 1942, p.173 2-Ground floor plan, first floor plan/Livia María building/source: Acrópole, abr, 1943, p.511
INFORMAL CITY Adriana Caballero + Michaela Cho + Asun Lopez + JĂşlia Medina
INFORMAL_CITY
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IRREGULAR SETTLEMENTS -Typologies which can not be regularized for being completely unlinked to plot laws. -Those who live in irregular settlements don’t have the guarantee of the property possession despite of having obtained the house before.
CORTIÇOS -Based of several ruin buildings in an urban land, they have been subdivided in diferent units of renting. -Different activities going in a same room, shared use of exterior spaces and also of sanitary facilities. -Precarious infrastructure
-They are plenty of irregularities because of being selfconstructed housing.
-Overpopulation
INFORMAL_CITY
URBANIZED CORES -It is a concept related to favelas, but once they have get already the infrastructure system. Although they have not been regularized by the legal system.
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FAVELAS - Agglomerations of small size, selfconstructed in a heap and built with inadequate materials and also in invaded lands. -They are distributed irregulary and with a lack of the urban and social services. -They are subject to possession land problems and with elevated indexs of precariousness.
INFORMAL_CITY
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INFORMAL_CITY
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NEIGHBOURHOODS Marta Badrés + Agnès Escaler + Alfonso Bertran + Júlia Ferran + Marina Campomar Anàlisi del veinats.
NEIGHBOURHOODS
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NEIGHBOURHOODS
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NEIGHBOURHOODS
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Workshop Projects ESTACIÓN DE LA LUZ Vertical slums_Adriana Caballero + Michaela Cho + Asun López + Júlia Medina From Luz to Paulista_Adrià Solves + Elsa Díaz + Ignacio Ferrer + Maria Alonso CANTINHO DO CÉU Emptying+Reocupating_Gael Del Río + Berta Lloveras + Olga Virtanen Urban gardens_Marta Arranz + Carla Bach + Maria Giramé + Nicolás Millán Sports park_Theo Fèlix Mensah PARAISÓPOLIS Nextstop:Paraisopolis_Cristina Fullana + Inés Masó + Anna Pons + Cristina Torrent + Lucien Villiger Thinking the limit_Annabel Romero + Marie-lou Roedererw Acupuncture points_Marika Dumkova + Linda Emdal + Henrik Poulsson New Squares_Miquel Ruiz + Marta Pérez + Berta Cusó Following the water_Melody Devillier + Anna Pérez + Simon Nicoloso Bring it out_Marta Badrés + Agnès Escaler + Alfonso Bertran + Júlia Ferran + Marina Campomar More connection project_Paula Berzosa + François Filatre + Marta Font Refilled_Elena Campos + Elisabet Fàbrega + Juan Simonet How to deal with
public areas_Anne D’Hermy
VERTICAL_SLUMS Adriana Caballero + Michaela Cho + Asun López + Júlia Medina Proposta que sorgeix del fet de detectar grans mancances en la connexió entre la perifèria residencial i els centres de treball. Partint de la defciència del transport públic i explotant el potencial d’una xarxa d’edificis abanonats es reactiva la zona de l’Estación e la Luz introduint usos diversos en els punts estratègics fins ara abandonats.
Numerous abandoned vertical buildings in the centre of S達o Paulo + Great distance and lack of well functiony transport between the periphery and central working areas
VERTICAL_SLUMS
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VERTICAL_SLUMS
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Ground floor activities in the area of Estaci贸n de la Luz
Morphology and open space studies in Estaci贸n dela Luz
VERTICAL_SLUMS
Transports and network of abandoned buildings in Estaci贸n de la Luz
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FROM LUZ TO PAULISTA Adrià Solves + Elsa Díaz + Ignacio Ferrer + Maria Alonso
Projecte que agrupa diverses intervencions entorn d’un eix connector entre dues zones notables de la ciutat: la Luz i Paulista. L’objectiu de la proposta és potenciar la vinculació i l’intercanvi entre les identitats de les dues zones, reforçar la comunicació i millorar les àrees colindants a aquest eix connector.
FROM LUZ TO PAULISTA
From Luz to Paulista is an axis designed to bridge two distinct identities of Sao Paulo. The aim of the north-south axis is to bring life to the streets between Paulista, one of the most affluent neighborhoods housing many financial and cultural institutions, and La Luz station, a notorious neighborhood in the city. The axis would bridge the identity gap between these two communities through the process of beautification, showcasing the essence of Sao Paulo.
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The project utilizes the existing ecosystem and its elements to the fullest extent possible to sociorevitalize the urban fabric. Details of the axis: 3.4 km long connecting LA LUZ on the north with Paulista on the south. Divided into 4 interventions: 1_ an elevated ramp way connecting La Luz station perpendicularly to the axis. 2_connecting an existing commercial area, Rua Dos Andradas, with the axis. 3_a green area aimed at the beautification of the nearby neighborhood. 4_a commercial facade connecting green area on one side of the axis with a commercial area on the other side. The axis along with interventions visually represents a stitch formation. Through these interventions, the axis would unify the urban fabric surrounding it.
The intervention is located in a very well connected part of SĂŁo Paulo: 2 airports so near, 3metro lines and several bus lines demonstrate the centrality of this point of te city.
FROM LUZ TO PAULISTA
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Promote public transports: _changing the stations in bad conditions _giving more importance to pedestrian ways _reforming Praça da Bandera bus station making it more accessible and opened to the city
FROM LUZ TO PAULISTA
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EMPTYING + REOCUPATING Gael Del Río + Berta Lloveras + Olga Virtanen A partir de l’observació del sistema de buits residuals presents a Cantinho do Céu i de la recerca d’una manera d’intervenir que permeti reconvertir aquests espais i unificar l’àrea es concreta una proposta de plaça. El mecanisme que permet transformar l’espai públic és el d’extreure algunes pesces del teixit per redefinir el buit i reallotjar-les damunt altres peces extistents. El resultat és una plaça amb zones porxades i que esdevé un centre de referància volumètricament reconeixible.
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ANALYSIS OF THE EMPTY SPACE At first glance what catches the eyeis the huge separation between the more planified area and the favelas, this leads to the desire of connecting both. But when zooming in we realise there is a more interesting work in qualifying the net of Empty/ weird /abandoned /residual spaces inside cantinho.
EMPTYING+REOCUPATING R62
BEFORE
6 different types of residual spaces built up the net. Finding a common mechanism to convert each kind into useful permits to enrich and unify the area.
AFTER
EMTYING+RECUPATING
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This type of space requires a mechanism of emptying and relocating pieces. A residual space becomes a square. This is done by emptying some lots and moving their volume to their neighbour’s rooftop. A quality-porched space for the public is gained, mantaining the occupation.
URBAN GARDENS Marta Arranz + Carla Bach + Maria Giramé + Nicolás Millán La proposta busca millorar la qualitat de vida dels habitants de Cantinho do Céu mitjançant la implantació de jardins i horts urbans per explotar els beneficis econòmics, socials i mediambientals d’aquesta forma d’ús del sòl públic. La ubicació estratègica del projecte busca extreure el major rendimnent dels jardins possible, així com el màxim impacte social.
IT ALL BEGINS IN A GARDEN... create a sustainable development initiative based on the production of food improve the living conditions of those more afflicted by the social scourge provide a capacity building program
URBAN_GARDENS
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ENVIRONMENT - increase soil permeability - reduce the drainable rainwater - increase subterranean water reserves - increase green areas - prolongs useful life of sanitary landfills by using organic residues to make compost - beautification of urban landscape HEALTH - provide food to families that cannot afford a single meal a day - improve the community diet with healthy and nutritional food - change eating habits to a more balanced diet OCCUPATION - reduce the current joblessness (1.9 million people in SP metropolitan region) - opportunistically occupies empty institutional spaces - end with the lack of occupation, a catalyst for violence, alcoholism‌ ECONOMY - involve the community in a participatory project through the creation of job op portunities - offer vocational training for participants - generate an income with the selling of the produce obtained with the project - improve the production with low-cost inputs as domestic organic waste or tree trimmings
URBAN_GARDENS
Big space: sun all day To unify green space and gardens Related both sides Easy acces to all the people Possibility to grow Some related to an equipment or a green area Flexible market place Incorporated in the area Next to the river to water the gardens
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URBAN_GARDENS
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Landscape improvement organising the empty space Give an use to this space benefiting all the community Create an urbanism that unifies both parts next to green space Create a potential point with a market place Give to the workers and to all the people some rest areas with shadow
SPORTS PARK Theo Fèlix Mensah Aprofitar la franja verda que separa Cantinho do Céu de la ciutat com a nexe d’unió. Un parc lineal que agrupa multiplicitat d’activitats exportives relaciona els diferents barris al llarg d’un eix ple d’intensitat gràcies als usos que incorpora.
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The general concept of this project is based on sporting activities unite the individual cities.
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Transversal section_trees are grown on the left side to avoid road sounds, and a new path is provided on the left side to enhance the space.
SPORTS_PARK
Paths
Green
Spaces
Cantinho do Ceu, a small town that has lost falth of being part of São Paulo the capital city, without main rules and regulation, its settlement is casual. Divided by from the rest of the small towns by a big path in which nothing is found but green pastures, and opportunity arises, to unite Cantinho do Ceu with the rest of the territory. A previous analysis of the place shows the lack of public spaces, luck of neighbours’, and by so doing making human relations stronger.
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NEXT STOP: PARAISOPOLIS Cristina Fullana + Inés Masó + Anna Pons + Cristina Torrent + Lucien Villiger Fruit de l’anàlisi del transport a São Paulo i del projecte d’ampliació d’una línia de metro, aquesta proposta modifica el traçat previst per introduir el transport públic a Paraisopolis. La situació estratègica de la nova estació, el seu impacte renovador a la zona així com el seu tractament, concreten la proposta.
ACTUAL SITUATION The government of Sao Paulo is currently planning a new Metro- line. This new line, called „Amarillo“ L4 would link the city center of Sao Paulo with the district „Vila Sònia“ in the western part of the city. The line would start at the main station „estação de la Luz“ and would connect different other lines in the city center before running to Vila Sònia.
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New Proposal The new project is proposing a changing of the line. The part in the city from „estação del Luz “ to „Butana“ is the same, but then the metro turns to the south and crosses different districts before joining the line L5 at the station „Vila das Belezas“. This bacause the neighbourhood of Vila Sònia is richer and has less inhabitants than the districts that are connected to the new proposed line. So more people who don’t have the possibilty to move by individual transportation can benefit from the metro.
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A NEW METROLINE The new metrostation in Paraisopolis is located in the geograohical center of the district at the crossing of two important streets. The street in east-west position (Rus Iriri and Rua Melcior Giola) connects the metrostation directly to the institutional intervetionintervetion center, the soccer field and the recent social housing. The other street in north.south position (Rua Pasquale Gallupi) connects Paraisopolis to the big main road (Av. Giovanni Gronchi) and crosses as well the linear park of Paraisopolis. Futhermore, the street leads to the school in the south. The location of the metrostation is logical and easy to find. With the position in the middle of the district all access ways are short and equal.
One of the two storefronts in both streets is demolished and rebuilt five meters back, so the coexistence of old and new facades creates an interesting interaction. Furthermore the sidewalk gets broaden and the traffic lane is kept narrow so that cars drive slowly.
The two streets crossing each other in tv he center of Paraisopolis get more importance with the construction of the metrostation. For this reason the project proposes an enlargement of the road to permit a bigger pedestrian flow and as well for indicating the way to the metrostation.
The reconfiguration of the streets valorizes the district and gives the people some urban orientation. Moreover, some of the existing passages which connect the street with the inside of the apples, are enlarged to have a better relation with this new configuration of the streets.
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BEFORE
AFTER
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THE STREETS Some pieces are replaced with new housing that respects the new config-uration of the street.
BEFORE
AFTER
The passages are enlarged and give an opportunity to the creation of activity inside.
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THE METROSTATION A new metrostation is builded in the center of Paraisopolis. The sunny and hottest weather of Brasil, has been decisive for the designing of the station. BEFORE The proposal consists in an open-足 air station, composed by an estructure of slats, which filters the sunshine inside the platform.
AFTER
This estructure takes an special interest in the surface, and gives a new view to the streets and the square in this new center of the neighbourhood.
THINKING THE LIMIT Annabel Romero + Marie-lou Roedererw Després de l’observació de la línia limítrofa que escindeix Paraisopolis de la resta de la ciutat de São Paulo, es planteja la voluntat de repensar aquesta frontera per tranformar-la, a través de petites intervencions, en una línia de contacte entre les dues bandes. El tractament d’aquest límit amb recursos mínims i accions que poden ser realitzades pels propis veïns, potencia la participació, la convivència i la implicaió dels habitants en la millora del seu hàbitat.
THINKING_THE_LIMIT
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THINKING_THE_LIMIT
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THINKING_THE_LIMIT
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Introducing sports
Planting
Video control
Eyecontact
Projectionwall
Banches
Graffiti
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Openings
Gateways
Windows
Paintings
Sports
Shops
Markets
ACUPUNCTURE POINTS Marika Dumkova + Linda Emdal + Henrik Poulsson
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ACUPUNCTURE_POINTS
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ACUPUNCTURE_POINTS
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ACUPUNCTURE_POINTS
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NEW SQUARES Miquel Ruiz + Marta P茅rez + Berta Cus贸
NEW_SQUARES
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NEW_SQUARES
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NEW_SQUARES
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NEW_SQUARES
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NEW_SQUARES
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FOLLOWING THE WATER Melody Devillier + Anna PĂŠrez + Simon Nicoloso
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BRING IT OUT Marta Badrés + Agnès Escaler + Alfonso Bertran + Júlia Ferran + Marina Campomar
BRING_IT_OUT
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BRING_IT_OUT
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BRING_IT_OUT
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MORE CONNECTION PROJECT Paula Berzosa + Franรงois Filatre + Marta Font
MORE_CONNECTION
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MORE_CONNECTION
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REFILLED Elena Campos + Elisabet FĂ brega + Juan Simonet
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REFILLED
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HOW TO DEAL WITH PUBLIC AREAS Anne D’Hermy Being the largest city in Brazil, Sao Paulo reveals impressive numbers considering density. Population width and influence over the territory. Also the largest city in the southern hemisphere. It is the world’seventh largest city by population its suburbs make it the second most populous metropolitan area in the americas. The density of the city is not only important in its center, but also in its sides. The city is structured around important main roads that spread from the center to the sides.
LEARNING FROM SAO PAULO
PUBLIC_AREAS
2 how to deal with public areas
LA ESTACION LUZ / EL PARQUE DE LA LUZ
THE TRAIN STATION LUZ IS AN IMPORTANT AREA IN SAO PAULO, AS IT CREATES A LOT OF POPULATION MOVEMENT IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD. THE STATION IS STRONGLY LINKED TO EL PARQUE DE LA LUZ, WHICH IS THE UNIQUE PUBLIC AREA AROUND. THE PLAN SHOWS US THAT THIS NEIGHBOURGHOOD IS VERY DENSE AND CROWDED BY RAPID CIRCULATIONS.
A LOT OF SPACE DEDICATED TO CARS AND MOTORED CIRCULATION LACK OF SPACE FOR PEDESTRIANS
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PUBLIC_AREAS
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how to deal with public areas
THE PARK IS SURROUNDED BY RAPID CIRCULATION STREETS, BUT EACH OF THEM WORK SEPARATELY. AVENUE PRATES
AVENUE TIRADENTES
THE PARC LUZ IS SURROUNDED BY THREE DIFFERENT MAJOR AXES : THE RAILWAY, THE MAIN AVENUE TIRADENTES, AND THE CANAL AT THE TOP. IT IS CLOSE TO THE METRO SATIONS WHICH CREATE AN EASY ACCESS. AROUND, THE STREET DISTRIBUTION REVEALS DENSE EDIFICATIONS.
THE PARC ACTS AS THE ONLY GREEN AREA OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD
THE SECCION AND THE PANORAMA SHOW THE EXAMPLE OF THE AVENUE PRATES. THE STREET IS DIVIDED IN SEVERAL AREAS, EACH ONE DEDICATED TO ONE USER. THANKS TO THE INTERACTION BETWEEN FLOOR LEVELS, VEGETATION AND WIDE SPACE FOR PEDESTRIANS, THE LIMIT BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT USERS CREATES A BALANCED SECTION.
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THE EXAMPLE OF AVENUE TIRADENTES
IT IS ONE OF THE MAIN STREET OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD, AND IT IS DEDICATED TO MOTORED CIRCULATION ONLY. THE PARC LUZ IS RIGHT AS ITS LEFT SIDE, AND THE STREET ONLY ALLOWS A SMALL PLACE FOR PEDESTRIANS WHO WALK ON A PAVEMENT RIGHT NEXT TO THE RUSHING CARS. THE STREET ALLOWS IRREGULAR VEGETATION IN THE DIVIDER STRIPS, AND THE MAIN TREES ARE THOSE WHICH COME OVER FROM THE PARK OVER THE PAVEMENT.
AA’
FROM THE ANALYSE OF AVENUE TIRADENTES, WE CAN CONSIDER TO PROJECT THE PARK AND THE AVENUE IN A LARGER SCALE, IN WHICH WE CAN LINK THE PARK TO THE CANAL. THEREFORE, WE CAN CREATE A NEW MOVEMENT BY PLAYING WITH VEGETATION IN PARTICULAR.
AA’
SPACE CLOSED TO PEDESTRIAN CIRCULTION
PAVEMENT
DENSE ROADS SEPARATED BY CENTER DIVIDER STRIPS AND IRREGULAR VEGETATION
PUBLIC_AREAS
LEARNING FROM SAO PAULO
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how to deal with public areas
PROJECTING THE AVENUE TIRADENTES BY WORKING ON THE SECCION THAT GOES FROM THE PARK TILL THE OTHER SIDE, WE ARE ABLE TO CREATE A NEW STREET DISTRIBUTION THAT ALLOWS MORE SPACE TO PEDESTRIANS; THE IDEA IS ALSO TO PROTECT THEM FROM THE PRESSURE OF THE ROAD AND TO MAKE THEM FEEL CLOSER TO THE PARK. THE PROJECT INCLUDES ADDING NEW VEGETATION, IN ORDER TO RE-CREATE AN ORDER IN THE STREET BUT ALSO TO BRING RYTHM, SHADOW AND PROTECTION TO THE PEDESTRIANS. section AA’
-ISOLATE THE PEDESTRIANS ON THE SIDE AND OFFER THEM MORE SPACE -CREATE A NEW MARGE BY BREAKING THE WALL AND USE IT AS AN ONLY PEDESTRIAN CORRIDOR conceptual sections of AA’ projected
SEPARATE CARS FROM PEDESTRIANS PLAY WITH TOPOGRAPHY PLAY WITH VEGETAL TO OPEN OR CLOSE THE VIEWS ON THE ROAD
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FINAL SECTION AA’ PROJECTED
Avenue Tiradentes today Avenue Tiradentes projected
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