124 North Valley Road Pelham, MA Mariko McNamara The Conway School of Landscape Design Fall 2015
Contents 5. Introduction 6. Client Priorities 7. Base Map: Existing Conditions 8. Regional Context 9. Site Orientation: Wetland Restrictions Analysis 10. Exposure 11. Entry Experience 12. Slope, Sun/Shade 14. Hydrology 16. Existing Vegetation 18. Summary Design 19. Design Direction 20. Schematic 1: New England Farmhouse 22. Schematic 2: New England Wildlife 24. Final Schematic Design 25. Final Schematic Plan 26. Sections 27. Crabapple AllĂŠe: 3D Rendering 28. Redesigned Entry Experience 29. Terrace/Patio Detail 30. Forest Restoration Plan 32. Plant Palette 35. Plant List by Type 37. Acknowledgments
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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
In the late 18th century, pioneers cleared this land for farms and pasture. They were developing on a wetland—a biologically diverse habitat that is now extremely well-protected by law. Two years ago, Amy and her family moved to Pelham searching for property with quintessential New England character. The farmhouse and barn on site were very well preserved—reminiscent of their agricultural past. The land, however, had been allowed to grow back into a dense forest, encouraging the wetland to reform. This project is about historical and ecological restoration. The farmhouse is a landmark in the community: a reminder of Pelham’s colonial beginnings. The resilient forest and wetland have returned after hundreds of years of clearing. This project seeks to positively affect the relationships of the historic house to its immediate site and to the surrounding wetland forest. Amy, an architect, is currently renovating the inside of the house. She is settling her family in their new home and community. This design proposal will do the same for the land.
Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
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Client Priorities 1. Create a sense of privacy from the road while maintaining the public profile of the historical farmhouse. 2. Increase overall land use by improving access to the dense forest. Create outdoor spaces, specifically a patio at the exit to the studio, where Amy can host workshops and spend time outside with her family. 3. Identify the cause of basement flooding, pooling, and constant wet ground and design a lasting solution. 4. Revitalize the landscape to ground the family in their new home. Create relationships between spaces with plantings. Designate a space for a vegetable garden and/or fruit trees.
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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
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Base Map: Existing Conditions
Overgrown Pasture
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North Valley Road
Leach Field
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Barn
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Parking
Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
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Regional Context
Pelham, MA: Nearby Conservation Areas
Amherst Watershed
SITE Quabbin Reservoir Buffam Falls
Amethyst Brook Conservation Area
Pelham Wildlife Sanctuary
Harkness Conservation Area
To Connecticut River
Hawley Reservoir
Cadwell Memorial Forest
Butternut Wildlife Sanctuary
Pelham is a rural town of about 1300 people. To protect their natural resources, they put as much land as possible into conservation. The property is surrounded by picturesque conservation areas including Amethyst Brook to the west, Buffam Falls to the south, and the Quabbin Reservoir to the east.
Amethyst Brook Conservation Area
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Buffam Falls
Water flows from this site to protected areas. It is part of a larger network of wetlands, streams and forests. The town’s environmental priorities are a great of example of how to care for precious resources which can translate very well to the residential scale.
Quabbin Reservoir
Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
Site Orientation: Wetland Restrictions
Buffam Road
Registered Wetland
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North Val
Buffam Falls Conservation Area
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Meetinghouse Road
Buf fam B
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200 Ft River Bank Buffer (Buffam Brook)
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100 Ft Intermittent Stream Buffer
Unregistered Wetlands
Barn
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An ephemeral stream runs through the backyard draining directly into Buffam Brook. North of the property is a registered wetland and there are most likely unregistered wetlands within the dense forest. 100 and 200 foot buffers around these areas, as required by the Massachusetts Wetland Protection Act, consume the entire property. Any design proposed on this resource-rich site will need to be approved by the Conservation Commission.
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The commission is lenient when presented with properties developed before the law was passed in 1972. The house was built in 1879, preceding the law by nearly a century. Changes proposed to what is now lawn will be relatively easy to approve. Altering the forest however, if it is indeed a wetland, could result in a penalty fine of as much as $25,000 per day. 98
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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
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Exposure The property is on a corner lot and largely open to the road. The backyard is exposed because of the lack of screening. The house sits very close to the road which limits the amount of privacy in front of the house and inside.
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Currently, the family is uncomfortable spending time in their backyard because of their lack of privacy.
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Exposed and vulnerable due to gaps in 97
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Public, formal presentation to road
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exposure privacy hedges
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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
Historical, Formally Landscaped Front Lawn
Private, Protected, Unused Front Corner
Screened Porch
Future Studio Exit Front Door
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Exposed, Bare, Disjointed Entrance & Parking Area
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Oncoming traffic
Entry Experience: Character Zones, Circulation & Parking This diagram shows the southeast corner of the property. The land in front of the house can be conceptually divided into three distinct spaces. One, the formal, historical front door facing the street, two, the protected and unused corner and three, the exposed, bare, disjointed entry way and parking area. Currently, only the latter is being used regularly. Family and guests park and walk along stone paths to either the front entrance or the screened porch door. A renovation plan for the house proposes a new entrance to the studio.
Parking is directly off of Buffam Road, dominating the front entrance. Lack of turnaround space requires the driver to back into oncoming traffic on Buffam Road. Although the road is fairly quiet (about 1,000 cars per day), cars move very fast. Furthermore, the parking area is beyond the property line and technically owned by the town of Pelham. Moving parking and creating visual buffers between the house and the street would create an inviting, yet intimate, entry experience.
Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
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Slope
BARN
HOUSE
Sun/Shade: 8am, 12pm, 4pm June 22 September 22 December 22 March 22
BARN
HOUSE
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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
Most of the property is between 0-5% slope, providing great opportunities for outdoor seating areas without major regrading. From sun/shade analysis, it is clear that a portion of the backyard remains in sunlight all year round. These analyses combined highlight a flat, sunlit area to the north of the house.
Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
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Hydrology
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A Water Table Depth Seasonal High: .5-1 ft (Nov - May), perched
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Basement Flooding
Ephemeral Stream
Pooling
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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
Water is both a feature and a challenge on this property. 1. The high water table causes constant basement flooding 2. The ephemeral stream creates a focal point in the backyard 3. Water pools in low, flat areas during storms 4. Sheet flow moves downhill towards the house, saturating the soil. Mitigating and working with the current water patterns would mean greater enjoyment for family and guests spending time outdoors.
Sheet Flow
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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
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Existing Vegetation
Existing Vegetation The current vegetation is diverse and largely a mystery to my client. Over half the property is covered in dense young forest which is inaccessible to the family. My client would like to explore ideas for penetrating this area, either by thinning the trees and expanding the open space or creating paths through the trees to connect the dark, seemingly lost area to the home. Buckthorn, a highly invasive shrub-like tree, is very present within this forest. Dealing with it will be incorporated into the design for this area.
CLEARED PASTURE (Overgrown)
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The backyard is open lawn. To the west of the house is the raised leach field, another open, sun space, currently unused. The grove of trees between the house and this space makes it seem like it might as well be someone else’s property.
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The house is decorated with ornamentals and foundation plantings. A large red maple, two honeysuckles and a lilac bush serve as a protective screen for the vulnerable south-east corner made by the house. Unfortunately, this awkward area currently has no distinct use. In front of the parking area sit two dominating hemlock hedges that block the cars from being seen from inside the property.
SUNNY LAWN (Leach Field)
SHADY LAWN
BARN
SUNNY LAWN
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MIXED CANOPY
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HOUSE
ORNAMENTAL PLANTINGS
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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
4 HEDGE-LIKE PLANTS
Existing vegetation is diverse. Over half the property is covered in dense young forest which is currently inaccessible. Buckthorn, a highly invasive shrub-like tree, is thriving within it. The backyard is open lawn. To the west of the house is the raised leach field, another open, sunny space.
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The house is decorated with ornamentals and foundation plantings. In front of the parking area sit two dominating hedges that block the cars from being seen inside the property.
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Cleared Pasture
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Dense Forest
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Shady Lawn
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Mixed Canopy
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Sunny Lawn
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Ornamental Plantings
Hedge-like Plants
Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
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Summary Analysis
This property is historical: the house and barn have both been beautifully conserved. The forest on the property is young and biodiverse. It is also dense, seemingly impenetrable, and limiting Amy and her family’s use of the land. The open yard, however, is generally sunny and flat. Trees and hedges provide privacy, but the gaps between them leave the site exposed. The stream bed is an elegant feature, compared to stagnant flooding and saturated ground.
Vegetation in the forest is unmanicured and wild.
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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
Design Direction
The open yard is well maintained and neat.
From the site analysis process, the following program goals have emerged: 1. Balance public and private. Create an intimate entrance by redesigning parking and planting a privacy screen along the road. 2. Increase circulation and land use. Clear a path through the dense forest. Provide destinations in the landscape, specifically a rock garden and firepit. Site a patio to the north of the house, connecting the studio exit to an outdoor seating area. 3. Show potential of the property. Introduce Amy and her family to their landscape and inspire them to appreciate the ecological processes at work.
Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
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Schematic 1: New England Farmhouse a shallow pond or garden, depending on water levels. Raised steps through the pond add an interactive element and lead to a seating area.
The family bought this property because of the historical farmhouse and barn. This design honors the geometry of the buildings. The forest has been cleared to give the buildings space and open up the entire property into a meadow. To balance this clearing, restorative plants line the forest edge as a stormwater buffer. A small orchard is seen in the distance from the home looking north. The front entrance is transformed into a formal garden room with stone walls and evergreens for privacy. The parking area is moved onto the property, configured as a driveway, running parallel to the stream bed. A water feature can be seen from the stone terrace off of the studio. A former flooding area is now
This schematic opens the property up into a vast meadow, reminiscent of its farming past. The family would now have a beautiful expansive view of the dense forest in the distance. It would however be a great disturbance to the land and much more open meadow and lawn to maintain.
Schematic 1
Dense forest
Orchard
Stormwater buffer zone
Firepit
Water feature
Barn
Meadow
Driveway Patio Screen porch Dining room
Living room
Studio
Kitchen
Living room
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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
Detail of water garden: when filled with rain water and when dry
Proposed entryway
Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
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Schematic 2: New England Wildlife
Fruit trees, berries
Pat h
Schematic 2
Barn
Lawn
Patio
Firepit
Screen porch
Meadow
Dining room
Living room
Driveway
Studio
Kitchen
Living room
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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
Rain gardens
This schematic is inspired by the land and introduces the family to their natural landscape. Lines are topographic and curving. The driveway curves inward towards the house and then away towards the barn. A walking path loops around the entire property, though the dense forest and down through a meadow planted with fruit and berry bushes to support local wildlife. Rain gardens catch and filter water at the forest edge and at low points. The planting beds at the entrance are organically shaped and filled with colorful ornamental grasses, creating a visual transition between the road and entrance. In this schematic, the forest is not thinned or cut back, but traversed by a path. The family does not gain space in the yard, physically or visually, but has access to the forest via the path. This design won’t disturb the forest.
Proposed entryway
Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
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Final Schematic Design The final design proposal addresses privacy with a layered screen of evergreens, small trees, and shrubs. The new parking area creates a safer way to enter the property. The entry way is now a garden: a visual and physical buffer between the house and road. The granite foundation of the house is featured by transplanting existing vegetation to the privacy screen. The studio now exits to a stone terrace where Amy can teach workshops and relax with friends. Adjacent to, and a step down from, the terrace is a patio, a more private area for outdoor family meals, grilling, and gardening. Surrounding both levels are herbs and medicinal plants to be used in the kitchen. From the terrace and patio, there is a panoramic view of the backyard. The forest edge has been thinned to create a greater sense of openness. Destinations in the landscape encourage a more extensive circulation pattern. These include the fire pit accessed through a rain/water garden, moss/rock garden at the end of an allĂŠe of crab apple trees, and a path meandering through the dense forest. The forest has been restored to a healthy state by removing the invasive buckthorn and dead trees and replanting with water-loving shrubs and groundcover. The forest edge holds special importance as a stormwater buffer. Especially wet areas are planted with vegetation that will slow and infiltrate water, decreasing the amount of runoff in the open areas of the backyard.
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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
Final Schematic Plan
Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
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terrace
rock garden
crabapple allée
path
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patio
terrace streambed
water garden
firepit
Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
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Redesigned Entry Experience
The new entry way is alive with color and layers of shrubs and grasses. The new gravel driveway is surrounded by gardens. A Japanese maple highlights the front entrance. The privacy screen is composed of cedars, honeysuckle, rhododendrons, inkberry, and juniper. Protective vegetation makes the back terrace and patio secluded and comfortable. Passersby can still glimpse the barn from the road. The privacy screening is tall enough to protect the backyard from exposure, but not to block this prized view. This entry is the gateway to the entire property.
Privacy Screen Patio
Japanese Maple
Terrace
Layered Planting Precedent:
Driveway
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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
Terrace/Patio Detail Plan The patio and terrace off the north of the house are multi-use spaces. The studio space exits onto a stone terrace, raised one foot off of the ground. This is Amy’s teaching space, where she can host workshops outside in her beautiful yard or drink tea with guests.
From the terrace, the view of the backyard is ideal. Two rows of crab apples lead the eye to the rock garden at the forest edge. To the north east, a stone path runs through a water garden to the fire pit. Surrounding the terrace and patio are edible and medicinal plants Amy can use for cooking and in her work.
30 ft
2% cross grade
15 ft
35 ft
Terrace
20 ft
Patio
Screened Porch
Studio
Material Precedent:
Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
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Forest Restoration Because the forest is most likely also a wetland, this limits the amount of change that can be done or potentially approved by the Conservation Commission. The restoration plan for this property is sensitive to the preservation of the forest’s current ecosystem. Displacing the insects, birds and animals would be detrimental to the area on a wider scale.
1. Invasive management: remove current and stifle future buckthorn growth 2.Reseed disturbed ground with native replacements (groundcover and understory shrubs) 3. Manage stormwater: maintain the edge of the forest as a stormwater buffer to decrease runoff on the open lawn 4. Increase Access: clear a path through the trees 5. Thin at the edge to create a greater sense of openness in the backyard
Canopy
Sun tolerant trees. Provide shade for other plants to thrive beneath them. This forest is less than 30 years old. The canopy is made up of mostly red maples, some red oak, and a few cedars. The edge will be thinned for visual access through the trees.
Understory
Shade tolerant trees and shrubs of medium height. After removing the buckthorn, there will be open space to be filled with native plants that fill similar ecological space, such silky dogwood or pussy willow.
Groundcover
Shade tolerant plants. First line of defense again stormwater runoff. The forest edge will include plants to slow and filter water to prevent furthering the stormwater problem on site.
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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
Invasive Species Management: Common Buckthorn, Rhamnus Cathartica Outcompetes native plant species in New England because it is extremely versatile. • • • •
High seed production and good seed viability Seeds dispersed by birds No predators or diseases Non-native; leaves emerge earlier in spring and remain later in fall; longer flowering and fruiting periods • Sun and shade tolerant, can thrive anywhere
Control Strategies: 1. Manually: Pull, dig, or cut in spring or early summer, before flowering. 2. Chemically: Apply herbicide in July, August and September after cutting plants. Apply with brush or sponge on freshly cut stump. Note: Herbicides are heavily regulated in Massachusetts. In a wetland buffer zone, a permit is required before applying. The use of pesticides is discouraged in protected ecosystems, unless it is the only feasible control method.
Resources: New England Wildflower Society, conservation@newenglandwild.org
Forest Precedent:
Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
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Plant Palette Zones 109
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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
4. Terrace/Backyard Allée
1. Entrance/Privacy Buffer Groundcovers
Ornamental Grasses
Tall Shrubs
Sweet Fern
Northern Sea Oats
Spreading Sedge
Honeysuckle
Staghorn Sumac
Mountain Laurel
Blue Rug Juniper
Little Bluestem
Indian Steel Grass
Northern Bayberry
Rosebay Rhododendron
Inkberry
Lilac
Trees
Medicinal & Kitchen Herbs
Fruit Tree
White Cedar
Sage
Oregano
Rosemary
Echinacea
Lavender
St John’s Wort
Japanese Maple
Marjoram
Tarragon
Thyme
Bee Balm
Black Cohosh
Mint
Prairiefire Crabapple
5. Forest Layers
2. Rain Garden Flowers
Grasses
White Turtlehead
Swamp Rose Mallow
Cardinal Flower
Meadowsweet
Joe Pye Weed
Swamp Milkweed
Groundcover
Prairie Fire Sedge
Blue flag Iris
Silver Sedge
Understory
Canopy
Wild Blue Phlox
Interrupted Fern
Wild Ginger
Redstem Dogwood Pussy Willow
Red Maple
Red Oak
Ostrich Fern
Cinnamon Fern
Skunk Cabbage
Winterberry
Gray Birch
Cedar
3. Formal Front Door Groundcover
Perennial Flowers
Lamb’s ears
Black-eyed Susan
Prairie Smoke
Grass
Peony
Hardy Geranium
Big Bluestem
Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
Plant List Botanical Name
Common Name
Zone
Height
Spread
Trees Acer palmatum Malus ‘Prairifire’ Thuja occidentalis
japanese maple flowering crabapple northern white cedar
5-8 4-8 2-7
10-25 ft 15-20 ft 25-50 ft
10-25 ft 15-20 ft 1-2 ft
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Shrubs Cornus sericea ‘Cardinal’ Ilex glabra Kalmia latifolia Lonicera canadensis Myrica pensylvanica Rhododendron maximum Rhus typhina Syringa vulgaris
red twig dogwood inkberry mountain laurel fly honeysuckle northern bayberry rose bay rhododendron staghorn sumac lilac
3-8 4-9 4-9 3-7 3-7 4-7 3-8 3-7
6-9 ft 5-8 ft 5-15 ft 4-5 ft 6-10 ft 8-12 ft 15-25 ft 8-15 ft
8-12 ft 5-8 ft 5-15 ft 4-5 ft 10-15 ft 8-12 ft 20-30 ft 6-12 ft
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Grasses Andropogon gerargii Carex laxiculmis Carex platyphylla Carex testacea Chasmanthium latifolium Schizachyrium scoparium Sorhastrum nutans
big bluestem spreading sedge silver sedge prairie fire sedge northern sea oats little bluestem indian steel grass
4-9 5-9 4-8 6-9 3-8 3-9 4-9
4-6 ft .5-1 ft .5-1 ft 1.5-2 ft 2-5 ft 2-4 ft 2-5 ft
2-3 ft 1-1.5 ft 1-1.5 ft 1.5-2ft 1-2.5 ft 1.5-2 ft 2 ft
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Flowers Actaea racemosa Asclepias incarnata Chelone glabra Echinacea purpurea Eutrochium purpureum Filipendula denudata Garanium magnificum Geum triflorum Hibiscus moscheutos Hypericum calycinum Iris virginica Lobelia cardinalis Monarda didyma Paeonia lactiflora Phlox divaricata Rudbeckia fulgida
black cohosh swamp milkweed white turtlehead purple coneflower joe pye weed meadowsweet hardy geranium prairie smoke swamp rose mallow saint john’s wort blue flag iris cardinal flower bee balm peony wild blue phlox black eyed susan
3-8 3-6 3-8 3-8 4-9 4-8 3-10 3-7 5-9 5-9 5-9 3-9 4-9 3-8 3-8 3-8
4-6 ft 4-5 ft 2-3 ft 2-5 ft 5-7 ft 3-6 ft 1.5-2 ft .5-1.5 ft 2-3 ft 1-1.5 ft 2-3 ft 2-3 ft 2-4 ft 2.5-3 ft .75-1 ft 2-3 ft
2-4 ft 2-3 ft 1.5-2.5 ft 1.5-2 ft 2-4 ft 3-6 ft 1.5-2 ft .5-1 ft 1.5-2 ft 1.5-2 ft 2-3 ft 2.5-3 ft .75-1 ft 2-2.5 ft
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Herbs Artemisia dracunculus Lavandula angustifolia Mentha piperita Origanum majorana Origanum vulgare Rosmarinus officinalis Salvia officinalis Thymus praecox
tarragon lavender peppermint marjoram oregano rosemary sage thyme
3-7 5-8 5-9 9-10 4-8 8-10 4-8 5-8
1.5-3 ft 2-3 ft 1-2 ft 1-2 ft 1-3 ft 2-6 ft 2-2.5 ft .25-.5 ft
1-1.5 ft 2-4 ft 1-2 ft 1-2 ft 1-2 ft 2-4 ft 2-2.5 ft .25-.5 ft
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2-6 3-9 3-7 3-9 4-8
2-5 ft .5 ft 3-6 ft 2-3 ft .75-1.5 ft
4-8 ft 6-8 ft 5-8 ft 2-3 ft 1-1.5 ft
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Groundcovers Comptonia peregrina sweet fern Juniperis horizontalis blue rug juniper Matteuccia struthiopteris ostrich fern Osmundastrum cinnamomeum cinnamon fern Stachys byzantina lambs’ ears
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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
Sun
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Moisture
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Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
Thank you!
Not for construction. Part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.
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