EQUESTRIAN DESIGN STANDARDS
TABLE OF CONTENTS EQUESTRIAN DISCIPLINES
EVENTS
Racing Rodeo Eventing Shows Polo Miscellaneous Event associations
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
OLYMPICS Events Facilities Qualifying and awards
12 13 14
DIAGRAMS Sightline considerations Cow ties Field of plays comparison Stall dimensions
16 17 18 19
ANIMAL SPECIFICS Animal dimensions Animal needs Animal behavior Common horse breeds
21 22 23 24
ESSENTIAL SPACES Common essential spaces Equestrian Field of Play Grid Comparison Grid Solutions
26 27 28 29
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN Sustainability Sustainable options Waste and water management
MAJOR EVENTS
31 32 33
VENUES
Top events and venues
35
GLOSSARY 37
BIBLIOGRAPHY 39
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EQUESTRIAN DISCIPLINES EVENTS
RACING HISTORY OF EVENT Racing as a sport goes as far back as chariot races with the Greeks and Egyptians. The sport as we know it today started when the monarchy from England began stables that bred horses to compete in speed against one another. As the sport became more serious, tracks were built, rules were applied, and betting became an integral part of everyday horse races. TACK AND EQUIPMENT Tack and equipment used for racing is a racing saddle, pad, bridle, and sometimes blinders for the horse. The jockey wears his silks, breeches, boots, helmet, and goggles, and usually carries a whip. TRADITIONS Formal clothing and hats are worn to prestigious races, and bets are placed on the horses. REGIONS Racing is considered a sport all over the world. FAMOUS EVENTS Several U.S. racetracks and races are infamous in the world of racing. The prestigious Triple Crown includes the Kentucky Derby at Churchill Downs, Preakness Stakes at Pimlico, Belmont Stakes at Belmont Park. Saratoga Springs, Keeneland, and Santa Anita are other famous American racetracks. Essential equipment for race tracks are the starting gates
Racing – A sport where horse and rider are timed over a level track at a predetermined distance. Distances can vary from 5/8 of a mile to over 2 miles and are generally called sprints, middle distance, or stayers races. Track surfaces can be dirt, grass, or all-weather. Many different kinds of racing exist, such as Thoroughbred racing, Arabian, Quarter Horse, endurance, and harness
Furlong – A measurement that equals 1/8 of a mile, 220 yards, or 201.168 meters.
RODEO HISTORY OF EVENT The rodeo derives from the daily work of the American and Australian cowboys herding cattle on the range. Naturally, the competitive spirit arose in the cowboys to see who was best at certain skills. From roping and steer wrestling, to rough riding on aggressive horses and bulls, a number of events have become standard competitions at the American rodeo. TACK AND EQUIPMENT Equipment required for the horses includes; a western saddle, pad, bridle, and skid boots to protect the animal’s legs from injury. The rider is required to wear ‘proper western attire’ as per PRCA regulations, which includes a long sleeved button down western shirt, jeans, and a helmet or brimmed hat.
TRADITIONS Traditions for rodeos include the grand entry, where the country’s flags are presented, and the participation of rodeo clowns for entertainment in between events. REGIONS North America and Australia. FAMOUS EVENTS Cheyenne Frontier Days, Calgary Stampede, National Finals Rodeo Specific essential spaces include pens and rough stock chutes.
Bucking area
Rodeo- A competition derived from original cowboys competing against each other during their every day work. This includes roping, steer wrestling, barrel racing, bronc riding, and bull riding. Rough stock – Term used to describe the difficult nature of the broncs and bulls used in the riding events.
Timed events Team roping – Consists of two mounted cowboys that chase a steer, one is the ‘header’ that ropes the horns, and the other is the ‘heeler’ who ropes the hind legs together. Steer wrestling – Also known as bulldogging, a cowboy chases after a steer, leaps from his horse onto the steer, and attempts to pull the steer to the ground by twisting the horns.
Barrel racing – A horse and rider attempt to race a pattern around three barrels set up in a triangular configuration in the middle of the arena, the fastest time without knocking down barrels wins.
Rough stock events Bronc riding – There are two different types of bronc riding, saddle and bareback. In each, the rider attempts to stay mounted for 8 seconds as the horse attempts to buck him off. Bull riding – Similar to bareback bronc riding, a rider attempts to stay astride a bull for 8 seconds as the animal tries to buck him off.
EVENTING HISTORY OF EVENT Eventing evolved from equestrian work done in the European cavalry. Horses were bred to travel long distances and overcome natural obstacles, and competition soon followed as the cross-country event. Dressage and show jumping were less prestigious events to compete in, but supplemented the cross-country competitions. TACK AND EQUIPMENT Tack and equipment used for eventing varies among the disciplines involved. Dressage horses require a dressage saddle, a white pad, and a show bridle. Dressage riders wear a hat, coat, white shirt, gloves, breeches, tall boots, and will sometimes carry a whip. Show jumping horses need an english saddle, an english pad, a bridle, and jump boots to protect the horses’ legs. Show riders wear regulation helmets, a coat, shirt, breeches and tall boots, and will also sometimes carry a crop. Cross country horses will have a saddle, pad, bridle and jump boots also. Cross country riders wear breeches, shirts, and tall boots, and are required to wear a regulation safety helmet and vest as well. TRADITIONS In the most prestigious events, such as the Rolex, formal wear and hats are considered a tradition. REGIONS Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand.
FAMOUS EVENTS Rolex Kentucky Three Day, Burghley Horse Trials
Additional equipment used includes the event jumps.
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Start/Finish
Eventing – Sometimes referred to as “three-day eventing”, consisting of dressage, show jumping, and cross country. The competing horses are referred to as ‘sport horses’. Eventing collectively refers to three different sports, dressage, show jumping, and cross country.
Dressage – Occasionally referred to as a ‘horse ballet’, dressage is a discipline of training for horses that aims to bring out the mount’s athletic potential by executing several difficult maneuvers in a pattern that is usually set to music.
Show jumping – Also commonly known as ‘stadium jumping’, the event is judged on if the horse and rider attempt an obstacle, clear it, and complete the course in an allotted amount of time. Winners complete the course with fewest faults and fastest times.
Cross country – Horse and rider compete over an extended course that can last several miles over natural country where jumps are designed and placed to test the riders’ and horses’ abilities and stamina. Winners complete the course with fewest faults and fastest times.
SHOWS HISTORY OF EVENT Although the history of open shows is not very well known, competition began in comparing horse quality. Breeders would attempt to refine a breed in private facilities, and bring their stock to compete against others’ in things such as conformation, movement, and disposition. It is believed that these caused the creation of breed shows and later, open shows. TACK AND EQUIPMENT Tack and clothing varies from discipline to discipline, but english and western saddles are both used, and english and western show clothes are worn by the rider respectively. For in-hand classes, a show halter is required. TRADITIONS There are no know traditions associated with horse shows.
Halter and Showmanship
English and Western
REGIONS Shows are considered an equestrian competition globally. QUALIFIERS Breed or association specific shows operate in levels. Competition starts at an open level and progress to county, state, region, national, and world levels.
Equitation and Horsemanship
Show riding – Shows consist of a series of different performances, called classes, where a group of horses with similar training or characteristics compete against one another for awards and, often, prize money. Classes include halter, showmanship, english, equitation, hunter hack, western pleasure, and western horsemanship. Halter – A class that is shown in hand, meaning the horse is led instead of ridden, where the horse is judged on its conformation and suitability for breeding stock.
Hunter Hack
Showmanship – Another in hand class, the horse is used as a prop as the rider is judged on how well they can present their horse, usually involving the execution of a pattern. English –There are varying types of english riding such as hunter, dressage, and saddle seat. The basic difference to the western riding style is that the rider is required to ride with two hands on the reins, and to ‘post’ or rise up and down, to an extended, faster trot than a western jog.
Equitation – Also in english riding style, this class is judged on the rider, and their ability to have their horse perform. The horse’s ability and condition are disregarded, unless it effects how the rider performs. The rider is usually required to execute a pattern to illustrate these skills. Hunter hack – Commonly confused with show jumping, this event is not timed. The horse and rider are evaluated on correctness and form over fences. The pattern is usually less complex than show jumping.
Western pleasure – This class evaluates manners and suitability of the horse for a relaxed but collected gait, cadence and a relatively slow speed, along with a calm and responsive disposition. The horse is to appear to be a ‘pleasure’ to ride. Horsemanship – This class is similar to equitation, and is judged on the rider instead of the horse, but in western tack. The rider is usually required to execute a pattern to illustrate skill in directing the horse.
POLO HISTORY OF EVENTS Polo is believed to have been invented more than 2000 years ago in Persia during the time of Alexander the Great. From 1900 to 1936, polo was recognized in the Olympics. Since then, polo has flourished as a globally played sport, despite its exclusion from Olympic competition. TACK AND EQUIPMENT Polo is played with english saddles, pads, bridles and leg wraps or boots. The rider wears a helmet, shirt, breeches, gloves, tall boots and knee guards. The rider also carries a mallet to strike the ball in play. TRADITIONS Polo traditions include formal wear and stomping the divots at halftime. FAMOUS EVENTS Argentine Open Polo Championships
Polo – A team sport played on horseback in which the objective is to score goals against the opposing team. Riders score by driving a small white ball into the opposing team’s goal by using a long-handled mallet. Polo is usually played in a large grass field up to 300 yards in length, but smaller arenas are known to be used. Each polo team consists of four riders.
Divot – Gouges made in the turf from polo player’s mallets. It is tradition for the spectators to ‘stomp’ the divots between the third and fourth chukker (halftime). Chukker – A period of 7 minutes in a polo match. Each match is divided into 6 chukkers.
MISCELLANEOUS EVENTS HISTORIES HEAVY HORSE PULL Draft horses were bred to haul large farm equipment, and later military equipment, and competition arose to decide which horse could pull the largest load. TRAINING CLINICS Clinics have become popular ever since interest in training horses has gone from a profession to a hobby. TENT PEGGING Tent pegging began as a exercise for cavalry men to practice their sword skills from the saddle. JOUSTING Jousting began in the Middle ages as a competition for knights to practice lancing skills on horseback. This is no longer a competitive event, but is often demonstrated in historic reenactments. STEEPLE CHASING Steeple chasing began with a match race between two men over a long course where the tallest and most noticeable landmarks were church steeples. It is run over a course much like cross country, but with larger jumps to allow more competitors to cross at a time. WORKING EQUITATION Working equitation promotes competition between different ways of riding used in the fieldwork in various countries. WORKING WESTERN EVENTS Includes reining and cutting, which are not traditionally included in rodeo events, but have similar origin and use.
Heavy horse pull – A draft horse competition where horses in harness, usually one or two animals, pull a stone-boat or weighted sled and the winner is the team or animal that can pull the most weight for a short distance.
Draft horse – A large horse bred for hard, heavy tasks such as plowing and other farm labor. Different breeds of draft horses exist, but all have strength, patience, and a docile temperament which made them useful to farmers. Most draft breeds range from 16 hh to 19 hh.
Training clinics – Training clinics aren’t necessarily competitions, but events that are hosted by an equine professional, trainer, or clinician, to teach a crowd how to train a horse to overcome a certain problem or acquire certain skills.
Gymkhana – An event that is sometimes referred to as a ‘game day’ or ‘fun day’. This is usually a day for children to compete in fun races such as barrel and poles as well as other races.
EVENT ASSOCIATIONS RACING Association of Racing Commissioners International Thoroughbred Racing Association United States Trotting Association
www.arci.com www.tra-online.com www.ustrotting.com
RODEO Women’s Professional Barrel Association Australian Professional Rodeo Association Professional Cowboys Rodeo Association Professional Rough Stock Rodeo Association National Barrel Horse Association United States Calf Ropers Association Professional Bull Riders THREE DAY EVENTING Fédération Equestre Internationale United States Dressage Federation United States Eventing Association SHOWS Intercollegiate Horse Show Association National Snaffle Bit Association United States Pony Clubs United State Equestrian Federation POLO Federation of International Polo International Polo Club United States Polo Association MISCELLANEOUS American Horse Council United States Team Penning Association National Reining Horse Association National Jousting Association Masters of Foxhounds Association British Equestrian Federation National Cutting Horse Association Riding For The Disabled Australia Equestrian Association
www.wpra.com prorodeo.asn.au www.prorodeo.com www.proroughstockrodeo.com www.nbha.com www.uscra.com www.pbrnow.com www.fei.org www.usdf.org useventing.com www.ihsa.com www.nsba.com www.ponyclub.org www.usef.com www.fippolo.com www.internationalpoloclub.com www.us-polo.org/index.html www.horsecouncil.org www.ustpa.com www.nrha.com www.nationaljousting.com www.mfha.com/home.aspx www.bef.co.uk www.nchacutting.com www.rda.org.uk www.equestrian.org.au
THE OLYMPICS
OLYMPIC EVENTS The Olympic Games follow the rules and regulations of the FEI (Fédération Equestre Internationale / International Federation for Equestrian Sports) There are 3 equestrian disciplines in the Olympic Games: DRESSAGE Team Events Grand Prix – Team Dressage Competition Individual Events Grand Prix – 1st Individual Qualifier Grand Prix Special – 2nd Individual Qualifier (top 25 from initial Grand Prix participate) Grand Prix Level Free-Style Test – Individual Final Competition (top 15 from Grand Prix Special participate) SHOW JUMPING Team Events Round 1 – Qualifier Round 2 – Final (top 8 teams from Qualifier participate) Individual Events 1st Individual Qualifying Competition 2nd Individual (top 50 from 1st Qualifier participate) Final Competition (top 35 from 2nd Qualifier participate) EVENTING (3-DAY) Day 1 - Dressage (Team & Individual) 4-Star Olympic Dressage Test Day 2 - Cross-Country (Team & Individual) Approx. 5700m in length Time: 11min Speed: 570m/min Max. # of efforts: 45 Day 3 - Jumping Team Distance: 500-600m Speed: 375m/min Max. # of obstacles: 11-13 Max. 16 efforts Height: 120cm Individual Distance: 360-500m Speed: 375m/min Max. # of obstacles: 9 12 efforts Height: 125cm
OLYMPIC FACILITIES STABLES Need to accommodate 225 horses 1 box for each horse, min. of 9 m2 20% of boxes need to be at least 12 m2 to accommodate largest horses Each team needs the equivalent of 2 boxes for every 8 horses, one for tack and one for storage Also need to provide: Water + electricity Tying-up facilities Restrooms Security + surveillance systems CENTRAL SERVICES Storage (for feed & bedding) Isolation stable for horses thought to be carrying contagious infections at some distance from main stable area with a minimum of 4 boxes At least 4 boxes for injured horses Conference room Work rooms (for Team Leader use, repairing tack, etc.) Accommodation & Catering (for grooms & other resident team officials) Housed as close to stables as possible Showering facilities Catering facilities Laundry facilities SCHOOLING AREAS 2 large areas 50 x 100m each 1 grass, 1 sand Preferably 1 additional covered area for use in bad weather Several sand lunging rings about 20m in diameter, near stables DRESSAGE FACILITIES Sand rectangles of 60 x 20m Approx. 1 rectangle per 4 teams JUMPING FACILITIES At least 4 areas (2 grass, 2 sand) Min. size of 90 x 40m CROSS-COUNTRY FACILITIES Galloping track of 800-1000m Warm-up (“hacking”) area Area with 4 (max.) typical cross-country obstacles For further detail, see “Chapter V: Stables, Services and Training Facilities” in FEI Regulations for Equestrian Olympic Games
OLYMPIC QUALIFYING
AWARDS
DRESSAGE A total of 50 riders + 50 horses participate in Dressage at the Olympic Games. 10 teams are formed, with a maximum of 3 riders + 3 horses per team. Individual competitors make up the rest of the quota of 50. Riders + horses from nations that don’t have a qualified team can participate as individuals. Eligibility is determined by FEI rankings and/or previous competitions. JUMPING A total of 75 riders + 75 horses participate in Show Jumping at the Olympic Games. 15 teams are formed, with either 3 riders + 3 horses per team, or 4 riders + 4 horses per team. Individual competitors make up the rest of the quota of 75. Riders + horses from nations that don’t have a qualified team can participate as individuals: 15 slots are reserved for these nations (maximum of 2 riders per nation). Eligibility is determined by FEI rankings and/or previous competitions. EVENTING A total of 75 riders + 75 horses participate in Eventing at the Olympic Games. 10 teams are formed. Each team has a minimum of 3 riders + 3 horses, and a maximum of 5 riders + 5 horses. Individual competitors make up the rest of the quota of 75. Riders + horses from nations that don’t have a qualified team can participate as individuals. Eligibility is determined by FEI rankings and/or previous competitions. For further detail, see “Qualification Procedures” in FEI Regulations for Equestrian Olympic Games
AWARDS One set of medals is awarded for each discipline (Dressage, Jumping, & Eventing). Each set of medals includes: 1st, 2nd, & 3rd Individual 1st, 2nd, & 3rd Team Rosettes (ribbons) & stable plaques for each horse who was awarded a medal
DIAGRAMS
HAT CLEARANCES Spectator visibility is a major concern in seating design. Typically, sight line formulas use a 4 inch visual clearance. At events such as races and rodeos, hat clearances become a concern due to spectator and sport traditions. The 4 inch visual clearance becomes a 7 inch visual clearance for western hats and a 9 inch visual clearance for top hats.
9”
7”
4”
NO HATS
WESTERN HATS
TOP HATS
CATTLE TIES The space that is commonly used by trade and horse shows can also be utilized for livestock shows. This condition illustrates the ideal spacing for circulation and cow tying in a livestock layout.
Electricity Access
Bedding on top of flooring
Service Alley
Circulation Aisle
10’ - 0’’
10’ - 0’’
4’ - 0’’
FIELDS OF PLAY COMPARISON
POLO
EQUESTRIAN DRESSAGE ARENA
STALL AND AISLE DIMENSIONS 10’ - 0”
STALL
10’ - 0”
5’ - 0”
10’ - 0”
15’ - 0”
10’ - 0”
STALL
0’ - 0”
10’ - 0”
10’ - 0”
ANIMAL SPECIFICS
ANIMAL DIMENSIONS
5’-0’’ NATURAL TURN
8’-0’’ TURN AROUND THE HINDQUARTERS
5’-4’’ (16 hands) 6’10’ - 0’’
5’-0’’ 8’-0’’
HEIGHT OF REARING HORSE
STANDARD HORSE DIMENSIONS
ANIMAL NEEDS A horse has several different living needs that need to be considered. Food, water, and living area are just a few examples that need to be considered for a domesticated horse. FOOD A horse is meant to graze, and therefore when turned out to pasture, a space of approximately 2.5 acres per horse should be provided. Hay and/or grain needs to be supplemented in the winter months when the grass is dormant. If the horse is stalled or in a dry-lot, food needs to be provided. A horse can consume up to one pound of grain per 100 pounds in body weight or approximately 20 pounds of hay daily. Salt blocks should be provided for horses, as salt helps with retention of internal salts and minerals. WATER Horses should have water available at all times. If a horse is out to pasture a pond can be a sufficient supply, but is not ideal. A pond has to be kept clean and free of ice and brush for a horse to drink. Generally a large holding tank is provided for outdoor use, or an automatic waterer. Tanks need to be cleaned frequently, refilled, and prevented from freezing over. For stalled horses, either a bucket can be provided or a smaller automatic waterer. Buckets need to be cleaned and refilled daily. LIVING AREA A pastured horse needs to be enclosed with a safe, steadfast fence. Three or fourboard wooden or PVC fences are a common and ideal choice. A stall barn design is more critical because it is not the horse’s natural environment, and the horse might reside there for a majority of its day. Brushed concrete is a common surface for barns. If concrete is the surface in the stalls, bedding is required for extended stay and rubber stall mats under the bedding are strongly recommended. Quarantine areas should be provided to prevent disease transference.
ANIMAL BEHAVIOR A basic understanding of horse behavior can help assist in designing an ideal environment for a horse. Spooking and the herd dynamic are especially important to regard. SPOOKING Horses are a flight animal when it comes to being scared. Domesticated horses will spook when they come in contact with several things that they are not bredto recognize. Horses’ sight is mainly peripheral and many things are distorted or discolored. Because of this, things such as light bands on an arena floor will cause a horse to spook. Natural lighting which is diffused in the space would be ideal. HERD DYNAMIC Horses are naturally herd animals. This is very important factor in equine facility design. If a horse is surrounded by other horses too much, it is likely to become herd-bound, which makes training difficult. However, if a horse is alone frequently, it will become nervous and depressed. Therefore, when designing a barn, the horses need separate stalls, but should have the ability to see and/or hear each other. For horses that are turned out in a pasture together, a pecking order needs to be considered. Consequently, feeding areas, water tanks, and gates should never be in corners. Deep corners should also be avoided so submissive horses do not become trapped and bullied.
COMMON HORSE BREEDS American Paint Horse
www.apha.com
American Quarter Horse
www.aqha.com
American Saddlebred
www.asha.net
Appaloosa
www.appaloosa.com
Arabian
www.appaloosa.com
Belgian
www.belgiancorp.com
Clydesdale
clydesusa.com
Friesian
www.fhana.com
Hackney
www.hackneysociety.com
Hanoverian
www.hanoverian.org
Lipizzan
www.lipizzan.org
Miniature horse
www.amha.org
Percheron
www.percheronhorse.org
Standardbred
www.ustrotting.com
Thoroughbred
www.toba.org
Warmblood
www.americanwarmblood.org
ESSENTIAL SPACES
COMMON ESSENTIAL SPACES LOADING AND UNLOADING Horses can be loaded or unloaded anywhere, even on asphalt, although a softer, slick free surface is preferred. Generally the competitor will lead the horse into the building from wherever it was convenient to stop the trailer and unload. It is ideal to unload all the necessary equipment and provisions as close as possible to the barn. EXTENDED STAY It is common practice for a competitor to either buy an extra stall and sleep next to the horses, camp on grounds provided that are close to the barns, or get a room in a hotel near the facility. CLINIC A veterinarian’s facility should have amenities such as a refrigerator for medicine, a sink with hot and cold water, and an area for supplies such as wraps and swabs. FARRIER A farrier will need room to park their truck to work on the horse. The area provided would be most convenient near the stalls. The horse can either be held or tied while being shod. Also, a farrier should have relatively near access to water because of the practice of ‘hot shoeing’. WASTE MANAGEMENT Generally the waste management is the responsibility of the event staff, but it is the responsibility of the competitor to take care of their individual horses. Space needs to be provided to dispose of 2.5 cubic feet of waste per horse per day. LOCKER ROOM Common in racing facilities, a locker room is provided for the jockeys. It should include open faced lockers and televisions to keep up with the races outside. Other spaces to be included are a weigh area, bathrooms, saunas (his and hers), and a quiet area for concentration and meditation. TACK ROOM Any facility with permanent stabling will require a tack room. Tack rooms need to be dry, clean, well lit, and secure from the possible theft. Equipment commonly found in a tack room includes; saddles, bridles, saddle blankets, horse blankets, halters and leads, grooming supplies, personal tack trunks, cowboy boots, horse boots, fly sheets, fly masks, cleaning supplies (tack and horse), buckets, among other miscellaneous items. FEED ROOM Feed rooms usually contain only grain and supplements. Hay is typically kept in a loft, or some area of the barn that need not stay as clean. The space should be cool, dry, and clean. Grain should be elevated off the floor in containers to prevent vermin interference. SHOW OFFICE This space is used for registering competitors and organizing the event. This is where prize money is awarded, ribbons organized, show records calculated, and competitor numbers are issued. RETAIL Events will commonly have retail for the competitors to purchase anything they might require for the event. This includes many of the same things that one might find in a tack room.
THE EQUESTRIAN FIELD OF PLAY OUTDOOR POLO A field of 300 yards by 160 yards is considered ideal for outdoor polo. The sides of the field are optionally boarded, and boards must not exceed 11 inches in height. Goals require a 24’ width, 10’ height, and at least 1’ in depth. INDOOR POLO A playing area of 300 feet in length by 150 feet in width is considered ideal for arena Polo. Goals painted on the end walls do not make satisfactory goals as they do not mark a goal line across which the ball must pass. STANDARD DRESSAGE A standard dressage arena calls for 60 m by 20 m. There also should be 2 meters minimum from the long sides and 10 meters on the short sides from the arena fence to the arena wall, if the ring is placed in an indoor arena. SMALL DRESSAGE A small dressage arena is 40 m by 20 m. The requirements for the exterior of the dressage ring are the same as standard size. EQUESTRIAN ARENA Barrel racing specifies a required area of 260’ x 150’, which is the most space required by any equestrian event, except polo. We recommend a standard size of 300’ x 150’ because of the versatility needed. In a 260’ x 150’ arena, you would not be able to play indoor polo. Also, in events such as show jumping and show riding, more space is needed for larger jump courses and larger class size, respectively. SMALL DRESSAGE
OUTDOOR POLO
INDOOR POLO ARENA
STANDARD DRESSAGE
EQUESTRIAN ARENA
GRID COMPARISON FOR TRADE SHOWS Ideally column grid lines are located at the backs of booths, allowing aisles clear for movement and multiple booth space leasing. FOR HORSE STALLS Column grids must be located at the backs of stalls to allow full use of stall doors. CONSIDERATIONS Because of health concerns, exceeding 200 stalls per structure should be avoided. Wash bays should be in an area separate from the stall in order to keep wet areas from dry. Feed and tack storage is ideal within the stall grid for proximity.
TRADE SHOW LAYOUT
HORSE STALL LAYOUT
175 SQ FT PER BOOTH
217 SQ FT PER STALL
TRADE SHOW LAYOUT
HORSE STALL LAYOUT
175 SQ FT PER BOOTH
217 SQ FT PER STALL
GRID SOLUTION Grid spacing becomes an issue where flexibility of use between trade shows and horse stalls is necessary. If the trade layout is parallel to the stall layout the columns will not be in the ideal locations. If the trade layout is perpendicular to the stall layout the column grids align to accommodate the ideal locations.
ROTATED TRADE SHOW LAYOUT
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HORSE STALL LAYOUT
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LAYOUT COMPARISON - PERPENDICULAR
IDEAL
LAYOUT COMPARISON - PARALLEL
NOT IDEAL
LAYOUT COMPARISON - PERPENDICULAR
IDEAL
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
EQUESTRIAN SUSTAINABILITY Goals
Alternative orientation
Preferred building orientation to wind (Wind is parallel to stall rows and perpendicular to longitudinal axis of building)
Reduce waste & conserve resources Reduce impact on the site/environment Produce a safe and healthy indoor environment Strategies Building Orientation & Site Site Selection & Analysis Meet sustainable land use requirements Limit impact on the natural environment Reduce and filter runoff; utilize rainwater for non-potable applications Design to prevent heat island effect & light pollution Design to enhance indoor air quality for occupant health & comfort Pursue renewable energy alternatives (reduce usage of fossil fuels) Connect to existing community infrastructure (sewage systems, power lines) Carefully evaluate site Consider natural characteristics (climate, soils, vegetation, wildlife) Locate building on site to take advantage of prevailing winds for natu ral ventilation Protect existing landscape & ecosystems (smaller footprint, minimize disturbance to mature trees, preserve vegetation) Conserve land for sustainable uses (onsite hay production or water retention for future use) Develop a floor plan that is conducive to efficient work flow Take advantage of large roof areas for solar panels and/or stormwater collection Runoff Management Bioswales (control & filter runoff; protect local hydrology) Green roofs Reduce heat island effect Building insulation = possible reduction of heating & cooling costs Sound insulation = quieter environment for horses Stormwater retention & water filtration Protection of roof membrane Reduce potable water usage (stormwater catchment system – collect & utilize rainwater in non-potable applications, to conserve potable water supplies) Pervious pavements Porous asphalt, porous concrete, plastic grid systems, block pavers Reduction of solar heat gain & glare Better drainage & purification of stormwater Possible cost reduction (less built infrastructure for runoff management)
SUSTAINABLE OPTIONS
Solar Panels
Ventilation Design for horizontal AND vertical air circulation Orientate building perpendicular to prevailing summer breezes, taking stall layouts into account (see diagram) Stack ventilation High ceilings create temperature difference between top & bottom of the space, which increases air flow Cool air comes in through windows, heat escapes through roof vents Angled/sloping ceiling (min. 30 degrees) Avoids corners which encourage stagnant air Large internal air volume = diluted air contaminants & reduced condensation Preferred window type for stables: louvered light Directs wind upwards (protecting horse from draughts)and increases airflow On still days, stack effect from heat of the animal will draw fresh air in through the louvers Alternative = Sheringham window (top section is hinged to open into the building) A much higher rate of fresh air is required in spaces used for animals at exercise than in spaces where they are at rest. Stack Effect
Natural Diffused Lighting
Wind
Natural Diffused Lighting
Wind
Rain Water Collection
Pervious Paving
Daylighting Natural lighting Benefits animals (increased metabolism, breeding rates, energy levels & alertness; improved growth & bodily functions, overall health) Skylights/clerestory windows = diffuse light Louvered light/Sheringham window Sometimes glass windows are replaced with translucent fiberglass/Filon panels Reduce dependence on electricity More natural light = less need for electrical lighting Energy-efficient lighting fixtures Energy-conserving lighting control systems (Less electricity can help protect horses from risk of potential electrical shock, to which they are very susceptible, even at low voltages) Building Materials Light-colored, reflective roofing to reduce heat island effect Low-VOC stains, paints, & sealants to improve air quality and promote human & animal health Reclaimed or FSC-certified wood to conserve world forest resources Materials with recycled content (concrete, rubber brick flooring) Materials that have a long life cycle, are readily renewable, or come from a local source
WASTE
WATER MANAGEMENT
WASTE MANAGEMENT Drainage Do not want standing water (potential source of disease) Do not want waste to travel (may contain bacteria from horse feces/urine, or chemi cals used for horse grooming or facility maintenance) Possible drainage systems (stables/barns) Standard = open, precast concrete channel Channel drain down the center of tractor-way – floors of boxes slope to it Drain at immediate threshold of box Straw bedding & other debris will inevitably enter the drainage system Regulations for foul water disposal will differ from those of a human-occupied building – have to prevent groundwater contamination Manure management Storage Partially dependent on method of removal from stables Earth storage(have to consider geological, engineering, siting issues) Constructed storage (concrete/steel tanks) Potential green alternatives to storage: incineration, gasification, dry fermentation – recover energy for future use Safety Have to protect local water (manure may carry bacteria) Signage & fencing, toxic gases, secondary containment On-site composting Necessary separation from other activities Resulting compost can be used on-site or sold Example = windrow composting WATER MANAGEMENT (INDOOR) Automatic waterers in stalls – conserves necessary water for animal Possible installment of mini treatment plant to extract nitrates and other pollutants from the water supply – on separate service from wash-down? Graywater Can be used for irrigation & dust control, toilet flushing Reduces potable water usage Careful consideration of pipework routes – protect from curious horses while still providing access for maintenance & repair
MAJOR EVENTS VENUES
TOP EQUESTRIAN VENUES RACING Belmont Park Pimlico Santa Anita RODEO Frontier Days Arena Calgary Arena EVENTING Hickstead Spruce Meadows Kentucky Horse Park SHOW Hickstead Oaks Blenheim Equestrian Center Hawkes Bay Show Grounds RDS Complex POLO Wellington International Equestrian Arena OLYMPICS Aachen Arena Hong Kong Olympic Equestrian TOP EVENTS RACING Breeder’s Cup Ascot RODEO National Western Stock Show Cheyenne Frontier Days National Finals Rodeo EVENTING Alltech FEI European Jumping & Dressage Rolex Burghley Horse Trials Olympics SHOW Washington International Horse Show National Western Stock Show POLO World Cup of Polo Championships Cartier Polo World Cup on Snow
GLOSSARY
Bedding – Material such as wood shavings or straw that is provided for the animal’s comfort Blinders – A device placed on a horse’s head that blinds the majority of the horse’s peripheral vision. These are used to get the horse to focus frontally as much as possible Box – Also known as a stall, a small indoor enclosure used to keep horses Breaking – Also known as ‘breaking out’, or ‘starting’, the process of first beginning to train a horse while mounted Bronc - An unbroken or agitated horse used in rough stock events at rodeos Bucking – When a horse throws its hind legs in the air, usually attempting to unseat a rider Calvary – Troops trained to fight on horseback Chute – In cattle events, a fenced lane that contains a single animal behind a gate. Bucking chutes contain rough stock until the cowboy is mounted and ready to ride. Corral – A small enclosure used to exercise a horse Clipping – A practice of grooming, in which a horse is shaved of its excess or unwanted hair Colt – A young male horse Crop – A short whip used by a rider, generally used in only english events Dry lot – A turn out enclosure for horses without grass, so as to control a horse’s food intake Farrier – A professional horse shoer Filly – A young female horse Forage – Any type of roughage (such as hay) used for feeding Gait – Specific patterns of footfall, such as the walk, trot, or canter Gelding – A male horse that has been castrated Hands – A unit equaling 4 inches, used to measure a horse’s height at the withers. Ponies are considered to be less than 14.2 hh (hands high), most horses range from 14.2 to 16.2 hh, and draft breeds have been recorded to reach 21.2 hh Herd-bound – Also called ‘separation anxiety’, a term used to describe a horse that is too attached to its companions In-hand – Term used when a horse is being handled from the ground instead of from the saddle Longe – Also known as lunging, to exercise a horse in a 30 ft or so circle around the handler Mare – A female horse Open shows – Horse shows that are not breed or qualification specific, letting anyone enter Paddock – An outdoor enclosure for horses to stay in Pasture – An outdoor enclosure for horses to stay in Pick-up men – Men in charge of assisting the cowboy off the animal, and making sure the animal gets safely back in the alley after the ride Rail – Term used to refer to the arena fence or wall. ‘Railwork’ is riding done specifically on the edge of the arena. Rearing – A bad habit in which a horses rises on its hind legs while being ridden or led Ringmaster – Judge’s assistant Spook – Also known as balking or shying, the action a horse takes when it becomes frightened. A spook can be as little as a flinch, or cause the horse to run away. Stallion – A male horse still capable of breeding Wash rack – Also known as a wash bay, the area used to bathe horses Withers – The highest point of a horse’s shoulder
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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