Technical Association of the Graphic Arts Ball State University Chapter 2019
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BSU TAGA Technical Association of the Graphics Arts Ball State University Student Chapter 2019 All authors retain the rights of the research included in this journal. No part can be reproduced without permission of the author and publisher. Published by Ball State University TAGA https://www.facebook.com/ballstate.taga.96 Graphic Arts Management School of Art Ball State University 2000 W University Ave Muncie, IN 47306 bsu.edu
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Table of Contents Message from our TAGA Advisors Message from our Chapter President Message from IN-LSAMP Superhero Biographies At Brimstone Academy About IN-LSAMP Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 The Fight Scene Thank you to our Heros Ball State’s TAGA Chapter IN-LSAMP Advisor Biorgraphies Our Sponsors Final Acknowledments Publisher’s information 3
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A Message from our TAGA Faculty Advisors As the faculty advisor for the student chapter of TAGA at Ball State University, I am pleased to announce, “We are back!” As we kick off our first journal in four years, students are already planning for the future. Last year we attended with two students. Through them, the spark was made. However, with our club’s return, we lacked the articles typical for a TAGA student journal. Not to be deterred, we collaborated with the BSU INLSAMP who was eager to participate in this project. Through this endeavor, we have increased our chapter membership by 500% and built a strong foundation with an eye toward the future. As our program continues to grow, we plan to move closer to the original intent of the student chapter model, but in the meantime, we are grateful to be part of the TAGA family once again. We are excited to participate in the 71st Annual TAGA conference in Minneapolis, MN. I would like to sincerely congratulate our team for their diligent work and enterprising spirit. Their efforts have made this journal great success. Also, a special thanks to Dawn Ney and Konica Minolta for making the production of our journal possible. Their support continually provides our students with a quality education and opportunities for the future. Thank you Dawn. Best regards, Hans P. Kellogg
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a Message from Our TAGA Faculty Advisors It has been enjoyable working with TAGA this year. Our team has been a fun group of individuals who are very excited and motivated to come up with original material. Our TAGA club raises funds in order to go to the TAGA Annual Conference by printing various types of products, and in my responsibility as Co-Advisor, I have been involved in sourcing the materials such as shirts at lower costs for them. The students have been industrious, hard-working, and determined to create the best journal possible and I congratulate them. TAGA offers students with so many more learning opportunities than just classwork can provide. My hope and aspiration for this club is that they are able to grow by this experience. They have learned to work together as a team, set goals, share responsibilities, create friendships, and understand how to fulfill customer’s needs. Sincerely, Mr. RenÊ Church
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a Message from our TAGA Chapter President This year, Ball State’s chapter of the Technical Association of the Graphic Arts has respectfully surpassed our previous years. The members of TAGA have proven that they can take on a lot of work with a creeping timeline but also make the roles they were given their own. We have overcome countless challenges and found new opportunities to shine. Bringing our own craft and idealisms into our team while forming new values, beliefs, perspectives, and a contract that does not limit us but shows us a route to the conference every year moving forward. Ball State’s chapter of TAGA showed progress and individualism in roles they had never embraced before. My team braved and excelled through fundraising, client relations, estimating, marketing, designing and printing to be right where we are now. We love what our chapter has created with the theme of comic book design and the heroes themselves from scratch. We hoped to show how science, design, and print production could produce a story worth holding in your hands and enjoying for years to come. With every line, every color, and every word, we hope to bring our chapter’s reputation above and beyond the standards of the Printing Industries of America and ascend to super-like greatness in the world of print. I am very proud of this team and as it’s leader I know I can leave this group in any of their deserving hands and TAGA would continue to live and breathe.We hope to share the magic that is design like only Ball States chapter of TAGA can. A special thanks to the Ball State Graphic Arts Management department, Ball State’s organization of LSAMP, the authors of the science research, Konica Minolta, Hans Kellogg, Rene Church, the Printing Industries of America, and every member of Ball State’s chapter of the Technical Association of Graphic Arts that made this journal possible. Sincerely, Brandon Treinen Ball State Chapter President
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A Message from the Co-Principal of IN-LSamp at BSU This publication is a compilation of research projects done by a very special group of Super Heroes! Our heroes are Ball State University undergraduate students who belong to the Indiana Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation (IN-LSAMP) in the Sciences Program. The research within this publication are the summaries of LSAMP students’ ten-week intensive research projects and we are so pleased to partner with our Ball State TAGA students who will show them off in this colorful, appealing, and unusual format! The collaboration with these graphic art students has been fabulous. The team has shown outstanding communication skills with our science faculty and students, a sensitivity to the ‘sanctity’ of a scientists’ research data, and great imagination and style in their presentation. My sense is that the TAGA team has grown in organizational, collaborative, as well as technical skills during this project. What have we gained as scientists? Unfortunately, scientists have traditionally been bound by classical formats of data presentation and we have been temporarily cut loose from these boundaries in this collaboration. We benefit from others ideas and perspectives. We have been reminded that sparking the interest of non-scientists is essential to our society understanding science, its benefits, and its consequences. Finally, this immersive learning program, which is a hallmark of Ball State University undergraduate education, shows that great things come from sharing ideas with others outside our discipline. All we had to do was walk across the street! We are grateful for this opportunity. Thank you BSU TAGA Team, you are super heros too! Sincerely, Patrica Lang Professor of Chemistry, Ball State University Co-Principal Investigator, IN-LSAMP
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Brimstone Academy, home to some of the most brilliant minds in the world, stands tall. Ever since their doors opened, science has flourished. But with the light, comes the dark. And as always...
the darkness has come to claim what belongs to it, and Along the way threatening the very foundation of Brimstone.
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As students and professors at Brimstone roam the grounds on their way to classes and meetings, they were all stopped by an ear-splitting alarm.
Many doubted it was real, hoping it was simply a test, but there were four People who did not doubt. They knew what the alarm signaled, so they sprang into action. Racing across the campus, they headed to their secret base, perparing for the mission that awaited them.
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Cybernetic Augmented Human Abilities: Advanced Technological Genius, Inventor
Dr. Viktor
Psychological Hazard Assessment: Narcissistic Megalomaniac
It’s him again... What do we have?
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Early reports suggest that Dr. Hazard has stolen research from several different academy members. He may be trying to sabotage the academy’s efforts to gather more support.
Classification: Supervillain 27 past encounters with the Elementals Misc. Data: Former student of Brimstone Academy, expelled for illegal, unapproved, and dangerous experiments resulting in self-harm
Looks like we’ll have to split up and serach the area!
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Moments Later...
We need help! Dr. Hazard has stolen our reserach! : IN-LSAMP
The IN-LSAMP needs our help! Hurry! We have to go!
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About IN-LSamp What is IN-LSAMP: Louis Stokes Alliances for Minority Participation program provides assistance towards science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors at collaborating universities and colleges in order to increase the number of students graduating in these fields. IN-LSAMP is funded by the National Science Foundation and the IN-LSAMP Alliance is comprised of Ball State University and 5 other academic institutions in the state. IN-LSAMP at Ball State University: Ball State University was accepted as a member of the IN-LSAMP alliance in 2016 and has been a proud member to date. Ball State is on its way to achieve its goal of doubling its STEM Bachelor’s degrees in a five year plan, earned by historically underrepresented students. (See https://inlsamp.org/bsu ) The mission of IN-LSAMP is to increase the quality and quantity of students from historically underrepresented (URM) populations receiving Bachelor degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. To accomplish this, we focus on promoting student success by engaging students early in their academic career with undergraduate research, building a community of faculty mentors at our campuses, designing professional development activities for students, and support academic persistence through graduation with our network of peer mentors and tutors. IN-LSAMP offers the opportunity for underrepresented minority STEM students to participate in a research experience. This has been identified as a key component in successful persistence in undergraduate STEM programs. The research scholars are eligible to receive financial support, funds for research supplies, and travel awards to present their research. The IN-LSAMP Campus Coordinator works closely with students to match faculty research mentors and projects with LSAMP eligible students. It is an essential element of the IN-LSAMP program to encourage and fund students to engage in original, faculty-mentored research. As it is well-established that undergraduate research helps to retain students in their major, integrate them into their discipline, increase their technical abilities, and help them identify as a scientist, the program funds ten weeks of intensive research during the summer. Each of our LSAMP Scholars then prepares and presents a poster summarizing their data and conclusions.
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Dr. Hazard is dangerous, we have to end this!
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of S s i rs s e o h t i t hib Syn n I : ines l o ons z i a t r c Py nfe I l a ri e t c a of B
yd, o l L m a By: Ad nd a , l l e w cDo M n a s u n S o s l e m m Sa t r e b o R
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The Overview Adam shows us several reactions he uses in making target molecules (substituted pyrazolines) that might prevent the bacteria Staphyloccus Aureus, from invading a skin cell. These new molecules (labelled RSM 16 and 21) he made were tested for the % inhibition in cells and compared to a known inhibitor (ML 141). He includes nuclear magnetic resonance graphs (like an MRI for molecules!) to prove he made the target molecules.
Abstract Antibiotic resistant is a global health concern New treatments for infections are needed for infections such as Methicillinresistant S. aureus (MRSA) ML 141, a 4,5-dihydropyrazole derivative, was discovered to be a selective inhibitor of CDC42 GTPase1 New molecules were synthesized that are not cytotoxic or bactericidal2,3,4,5 The molecules interact with CDC42 to prevent bacterial internalization6,7
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Figure 1: ML 141 Treated Endothelial Cells
Figure 2: Base Catalyzed Aldol Condensation
Figure 3: Acid Catalyzed Aldol Condensation
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Figure 4: P-Sulfamylphenylhydrazine Synthesis
Figure 5: Pyrazoline Synthesis
Figure 6: New Pyrazoline Derivatives
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Table 1: Biological Data
Figure 7: Future Possibilities
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Figure 8: 1H NMR New Chalcone Derivative
Figure 9: 1H NMR New Pyrazoline Derivative
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Acknowledgements Rachel Pelly Susan Schrader Teage Drinnon Department of Chemistry
Chris Fullenkamp Tim Crull McDowell Research Group Department of Biology
The ReCap Adam continues to work in the laboratory preparing new starting molecules (precursors) that will lead to different substituted pyrazolines. The search is on for pyrazolines that inhibit bacterial invasion but are not toxic to the human body. Go Adam!
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References 1. Surviladze, Z.; Waller, A.; Strouse, J.; Bologa, C.; Ursu, O.; Salas, V.;
Parkinson, J.; Phillips, G.; Romero, E.; Wandinger-Ness, A.; Sklar, L.; Schroeder, C.; Simpson, D.; Noth, J.; Wang, J.; Golden, J.; Aube, J. A Potent and Selective Inhibitor of Cdc42 GTPase. Probe Reports from the NIH Molecular Libraries Program. 2010.
2. Codero, D.; Fullenkamp, C. R.; Pelly, R. R.; Reed, K. M.; Caffo, L. M.; Zahrt,
A. N.; Newman, M.; Komanapalli, S.; Niemeier, E.; Bishop, D. L.; Bruns, H. A.; Haynes, M. K.; Sklar, L. A.; Sammelson, R. E.; McDowell, S. A. Small Molecule Inhibitors Limit Endothelial Cell Invasion by Staphylococcus aureus. Curr. Pharm. Biotechno. 2014, 15.
3. Robinson, T. P.; Hubbard, R. B.; Ehlers, T. J.; Arbiser, J. L.; Goldsmith, D. J.; Bowen, J. P., Synthesis and biological evaluation of aromatic enones related to curcumin. Bioorg. & med. chem. 2005, 13 (12), 4007-4013.
4. Hu, Z.; Liu, J.; Li, G.; Dong, Z.; Li, W. Synthesis of Asymmetric
Triarylbenzenes by Using SOCl2-C2H5OH Reagent. J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 2004, 51, 581-583.
5. Soliman, R. Preparation and Antidiabetic Activity of Some Sulfonylurea
Derivatives of 3,5-Disubstituted Pyrazoles. J. Med. Chem. 1979, 22, 321-325.
6. McDowell, S. A.; Sammelson, R. E.; Haynes, M. K.; Sklar, L. A. Methods for treating bacterial infection. US 9763967.
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Mr. Lloyd was selected as an IN-LSAMP Scholar in 2017. Currently, he is seeking a BS degree in biology with a minor in chemistry. He is working in Dr. Sammelson’s lab where he researches areas of scientific methodology and the synthesis of potential applications in medicinal or bioorganic chemistry. His specific research project focuses on synthesizing new antibacterial derivatives to be tested for medicinal use. When he graduates, he hopes to attend medical school.
BIOLOGY, 2019 25
Dr. Hazard cannot be allowed to steal this research. IN-LSAMP is depending on us!
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and n o essi r p rex NA e R v O T7 f o ion t a in c i A f i N r pu or R f e ras e m y esis Pol h t syn o r vit
Julia
n, i b r u D e Jak , s ov g n i g i d D t u r m e a his Amb K . F l i m dE n a p m a k Nie
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The Overview Amber is synthesizing and producing artificial RNA molecules that are 1000 times smaller than a single bacterial cell. These molecules have potentials to be used as a cargo for drug delivery purposes in medicine. To make such small RNA objects (often call nanometer particles or nanoparticles), she first has to isolate protein machinery (a.k.a enzyme) that are hidden in bacteria cell called E coli. This machinery produces RNA strands from RNA’s cousin DNA, different RNA strands are then combined to build up the cargo. The enzyme has its own name RNA polymerase. Amber uses specific biochemical tools to find, isolate, and purify the RNA polymerase from E.coli cells. Once enzyme is pure, Amber uses it to make various RNA nanoparticles that have different sizes and shapes, similar to cars and trucks variations. To identify that proper RNA object was produced she injects the material onto a gel-like material and applies a current, electrophoresis—it’s called, and the RNA particles are separated by size and visualized as lines on the gel.
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Abstract RNA nanotechnology is a rapidly emerging field and has recently received wide interest in the scientific community. RNA molecules play many important roles in gene expression and new roles continue to be discovered. Increasing numbers of new RNA structures are being solved and deposited each year in the structure databases (PDB and NDB). These structures reveal that RNA molecules form diverse and often intricate 3D structures to carry out their roles. These roles generally involve specific binding to different proteins, nucleic acids (RNA or DNA), or small molecules, including drugs or metabolites. Like proteins, RNA molecules can undergo significant structural rearrangements during function. These RNA features can be implemented to design and fabricate various types of artificial RNA nanoparticles via selfassembly. When a large amount of RNA is desired, (e.g., for making RNA nanoparticles for study therapeutic properties in vivo) it is advantageous to use chemical synthesis based on phosphoramidite technology. However, one of the major limitations of chemical synthesis is the production of long RNA polymers, as it becomes very difficult to synthesize individual RNA strand longer than 50 nucleotides. The transcription reaction using T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNApol) is alternative method that requires DNA template to produce RNA polymer. In optimized conditions, T7 RNApol can be used in vitro to produce milligram amounts of RNA polymers ranging from 30 - 30,000 nucleotides. In this study, we describe the overexpression and purification of T7 RNA polymerase enzyme as well as the optimized transcription condition to produce large amount of RNA nanoparticle.
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Figure 1: T7 RNA Polymerase is producing mRNA from a double-stranded DNA template. Molecular weight: 98000 Daltons (Sausa, 2003
Figure 2: T7 RNA Polymerase recognizes its promoter and starts transcription at the final G in the promoter sequence. The polymerase then transcribes using the opposite strand as a template for 5’->3’ transcription.
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Figure 3, Cell proliferation: T7 RNA Polymerase recognizes its promoter and starts transcription at the final G in the promoter sequence. The polymerase then transcribes using the opposite strand as a template for 5’->3’ transcription.
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Figure 4, T-7 RNA Polymerase isolation: T7 RNA Polymerase recognizes its promoter and starts transcription at the final G in the promoter sequence. The polymerase then transcribes using the opposite strand as a template for 5’->3’ transcription.
Figure 5, PAGE Electrophoresis: Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) PAGE analysis of isolated protein
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Figure 6, PAGE Electrophoresis: Assembly of RNA strands obtained by T7 RNA polymerase to triangular nano-scaffold.
Conclusion • The preparation of T7-RNA Polymerase described above is straightforward and suitable for the laboratories needs. • The transcription yields milligrams of highly pure RNA in a short period of time. • Self-assembly of triangular nano-scaffold by newly transcribed RNA strands has 50% yield efficiency.
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Acknowledgements This work was supported by Ball State University ASPiRE grant and by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under award no. R01GM120487. In addition, we would like to thank Dr. Emil Khisamutdinov, Dr. Paul Coan CRISP Director, Tori Goldsworthy, and Department of Chemistry @ BSU.
The Recap The RNA nanoparticles that Amber synthesized assemble themselves into a triangular shape that could be used in biosensing, drug delivery, or even electronics. Cool work, Amber!
References 1. Afaf H. El-Sagheer, Tom Brown. “New strategy for the synthesis of
chemically modified RNA constructs exemplified by hairpin and hammerhead ribozymes.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107.35 (2010): 15329–15334.
2. Sousa R, Mukherjee S (2003). “T7 RNA polymerase”. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 73: 1–41.
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Miss Diggs was selected as an IN-LSAMP Scholar in 2018. Currently, she is seeking a BS degree in biology with a minor in criminology and criminal justice. She is working in Dr. Emil Khisamutdinov’s lab where she works on isolating T7 RNA Polymerase. She is a member of the PhD Pathways Program and has participated in the DISCOVERY research program, as well as a participant in the Ball State University Police Department Citizens Policing Academy. After graduation, she plans to attend graduate school in hopes of becoming a forensic scientist.
BIOLOGY, 2019 35
We must be quick! Dr. Hazard cannot be allowed to win this time.
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ion t a l gu e R ric e t s ate Allo m a lut G f o by 1 e nas e g dro y h De T E E N mito
, o g u e b u e, Nnat . z B n e e M r . e A el Chim a h c i M . r ,D n o s n h le o k J n . o M K a . c E i Er ary M . r D d an
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The Overview Chimere, or ChiChi, along with others in the Konkle research group explored the protein MitoNeet’s function from a different angle. They reacted it with Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GDH1), an enzyme found in nearly all living organisms that is vital for cell metabolism to form a MitoNeet-GDH1 complex. Then they observed how this complex affected GDH1 enzyme behavior with other molecules (listed as ADP, GTP, Palmitoyl-CoA and EGCG). ChiChi shows how they followed the MitoNeet-GDHH1 behavior using an ultraviolet light, and then shows us several results.
Abstract MitoNEET is a recently discovered mitochondrial [2Fe-2S] protein that is a binding power of the anti-diabetic drug pioglitazone. MitoNEET contains a unique ligation, three cysteines and one histidine, of the metal cluster. However, the cellular function of mitoNEET is currently unknown. Several functions have been proposed including a role in cellular respiration, as an iron-sulfur cluster transfer protein, and as an electron-transport protein. Putative protein-binding partners of mitoNEET were collected by a protein pull-down experiment. One result of the pull-down assay, glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GDH1), is an allosteric enzyme that plays a role in several metabolic cycles and is known to regulate insulin. MitoNEET binds to GDH1 through a disulfide bond and activates the enzyme. Additionally, mammalian GDH1 is allosterically controlled by a number of small molecules. It is activated by ADP and leucine and inhibited by GTP and palmitoyl-CoA. Enzyme kinetics were used to study how mitoNEET binding affects the allosteric control of GDH1. These results have significance because all of the allosteric regulators are physiologically relevant.
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Background MitoNEET • Localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane primarily facing the cytosol • Acts as an allosteric activator by forming a disulfide bond with GDH1 • Classified as an iron sulfur cluster protein and belongs in the CISD protein family • In humans, the NEET family proteins share a 39 amino acid stretch called the CDGSH iron- sulfur domain Figure 1: MitoNEET
Figure 2: Gluatmate Dehydrogenase 1
Glutamate Dehydrogenase 1 (GDH1) • An enzyme found in the mitochondrial matrix. • Reversibly converts the oxidative deamination of glutamate into a-ketoglutarate and ammonia with the use of cofactors NAD+, NADP+, NADPH, or NADH • High expression in brain, kidneys, liver, and pancreas • Evolutionarily conserved • If adding mitoNEET reduces GTP inhibition, it could play a role in a metabolic disease, HI/HA and therefore be a possible target for treatment
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Figure 3: Hyperinsulinism (HI/HA) Hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia (HI/HA) • Loss of GTP inhibition of GDH1 causing an overproduction of a-ketoglutarate and NH3 • Crystal structure of GDH1 indicates mutations in exons 6 and 7, which form the GTP1 binding site • Exon 11 and 12 contain the HI/HA mutation
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Figure 4: Comparison of the ligations for [2Fe-2S] proteins
Experimental Methods
Figure 5: Reaction catalyzed by GDH1
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Experimental Methods (continued)
Figure 6: Experimental proedures
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Results
Figure 7: Activity of GDH1 pre-incubated with NAD+
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Figure 7: Activity of GDH 1
Conclusion • MitoNEET does not counteract GTP inhibition, and the order of addition does not have an effect. • MitoNEET enhances ADP activation, and the order of addition does not have an effect. • MitoNEET counteracts palmitoyl-CoA inhibition, and adding palmitoyl-CoA first results in higher activity than when mitoNEET is added first. • MitoNEET counteracts EGCG inhibition and order of addition does not matter.
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Acknowledgements Ball State University CRISP Dr. Mary E. Konkle (PI) Konkle Research Group Felicia Roland
The Recap Chimere showed us that the protein MitoNeet influences the behavior of the GDH1 enzyme with all the molecules they studied, except GTP. Now the research team can work on proposing a reaction mechanism!
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References 1. Sohda T, Kawamatsu Y, Fujita T, et al. [Discovery and development of a new insulin sensitizing agent, pioglitazone] Yakugaku Zasshi. 2002, 122:909–18.
2. Li, M.; Li, C.; Allen, A.; Stanley, C. A.; Smith, T. J. The structure and
allosteric regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase. Neurochemical Int [online] 2011, 59 (4), 433–445.
3. Tamir, S.; Paddock, M. L.; Darash-Yahana-Baram, M.; Holt, S. H.; Sohn, Y. S.; Agranat, L.; Michaeli, D.; Stofleth, J. T.; Lipper, C. H.; Morcos, F.; Cabantchik, I. Z.; Onuchic, J. N.; Jennings, P. A.; Mittler, R.; Nechushtai, R. Structure–function analysis of NEET proteins uncovers their role as key regulators of iron and ROS homeostasis in health and disease. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 2014, (6) 1853.
4. M.E. Roberts, J.P. Crail, M.M. Laffoon, W.G. Fernandez, M.A. Menze, M.E. Konkle. Identification of disulfide bond formation between mitoNEET and glutamate dehydrogenase 1. Biochemistry 2013, 52, 8969-8971.
5. Courtney MacMullen, Jie Fang, Betty Y. L. Hsu, Andrea Kelly, Pascale de
Lonlay-Debeney, Jean-Marie Saudubray, Arupa Ganguly, Thomas J. Smith, Charles A. Stanley; Hyperinsulinism/Hyperammonemia Syndrome in Children with Regulatory Mutations in the Inhibitory Guanosine Triphosphate-Binding Domain of Glutamate Dehydrogenase. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2001, 86 (4), 1782–1787.
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Miss Nnatubeugo was selected as an IN-LSAMP Scholar in 2018. Currently, she is seeking a BS degree in chemistry with a concentration in biochemistry and a minor in biology. She is working in Dr. Mary Konkle’s lab on the function of MitoNEET and how its role affects other biological processes in the mitochondria. She is also involved in the Pre-Health Profession Club (PHPC), serving as a chair in community service at Ball State University. She is a member of the Student Affiliates of the American Chemical Society (SAACS) at Ball State as well as PhD Pathways, which mentors undergraduate minority students considering post-undergraduate education. Lastly, she has also served as a TA in the chemistry department. After graduation, she hopes to attend the University of Michigan to further pursue her doctorate in medicine to one day work as a cardiothoracic surgeon.
BIOCHEMISTRY, 2020
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I hope the others suceeded in finding the reserach, it is imparative that Brimstone has it.
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of n o ati g i t es no Inv a y C of t c a Imp e h on t s t en u t i st of Sub y t i ctiv a e R lts a the S nium i d i yr p y k Ox A. Albinia
ip
il h P d n a guez i r d o R e
Jos
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The Overview Jose wants to make new reagent molecules for the sole purpose of making certain reactions more efficient for chemists. His reagents called a ‘t-butyl transfer salts’. His first table shows he made 2 different salts (3-CN and 5-CN derivatives) in good yields under a variety of time and temperature conditions.
Introduction to Oxpyridinium Salts • Effective protecting group chemistry steps: • Formation • Transformation • Cleavage • Original synthetic pathways for benzyl etherification: • Williamson ether synthesis with NaH: (basic conditions) • Coupling with trichloroacetimidates with TfOH: (acidic conditions) • 2-benzyloxy-1-methypyridinium triflate (BnOPT)1,2 • Bench and temperature stable salt • Able to transfer benzyl electrophiles to weak nucleophiles under mild conditions • Minimal side reactions, while maintaining high yields (up to 96% product formation)
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• Potential mechanistic pathway
Figure 1
Potential mechanistic pathways
Figure 2
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• More SN1 character shown through experimentation • Expansion of the utility of the original BnOPT was explored • Could a t-butyl derivative be synthesized to generate a salt that could create relative yields as the original BnOPT salt?
t-Butyl Derivatives3 New question: Could an alternative t-butyl transfer salt be designed which would be more efficiently synthesized?
Figure 3 • The isobutyl derivative 3 could potentially proceed by a hydride shift to generate the t-butyl cation. • The pyridyl ether species was able to be formed in reasonably high yields; however, even when subjected to the optimized conditions for BnOPT, there was no decomposition of salt 3 to the t-butyl cation • Moderate electron withdrawing group (EWG) on the pyridyl ring can activate decomposition of oxypyridinium salts by stabilizing the resultant anion4
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Figure 4 • After further investigation using previous data about the isobutyl derivative3 and cyano-derivatives of the 2-chloro pyridine species4, experiments were conducted to create the new salt’s precursor, 2- isobutoxy-3-cyanopyridine (7).
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Figure 5
Table 1
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Future Work After a sufficient amount of the precursor is synthesized, future experiments will be focused on the conditions needed to generate the 2nd generation t-butyl transfer salt (8)
Figure 6
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Acknowledgements Albiniak Research Group Anna Salvati Tayyebeh Bakshi
Ball State University Chemistry Department Stefan Harry Macon Shroyer
The Recap Jose’s new compounds, didn’t react the way he had desired it. Sometimes that happens! So Jose is going to make the reagent using a different process. The second entry on the bottom table and the magnetic resonance graph (again!) shows that he completed the first step of the new reagent very successfully. Now he’s got to finish that reaction and test it again. If at first you don’t succeed…
References 1. Albiniak, P.A.; Dudley, G.B.; Synlett. 2010, No. 6, 841-851 2. Poon, K.W.C., Dudley, G.B.; J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 3923-3927 3. Salvati, A.E.; Hubley, C.T.; Albiniak, P.A.; Tet. Lett. 2014, 55, 7133 4. Bakshi, T.; Substituent Effects on the Synthesis and Reactivity of
2-Benzyloxypyridinium Triflate Derivatives. Masters Thesis, 2014
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Mr. Rodriguez was selected as an IN-LSAMP scholar in 2018. Currently, Mr. Rodriguez is pursuing a BA degree in professional chemistry with a minor in Spanish. Mr. Rodriguez currently works in Dr. Albiniak’s lab on producing oxypyridinium-salts to use as a transfer reagent to create new, mild benzyl ethers. He is involved in SAACS club, which helps grow the presence of the chemistry field at Ball State as well as the Muncie community and has volunteered in activities organized by the committee, such as Science day at Ball Gymnasium. After graduation, he hopes to be accepted into a doctorate program for chemistry. After achieving a doctorate degree, he plans to pursue post-doctoral work and become a professor in chemistry.
PROFESSIONAL CHEMISTRY, 2019, 2020 57
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of n o i gat i t s e Inv hly g i gH n i c u Red oly p d nke i l ss Cro B) V D (S-
.C
r D d n a s lin Law
Kay
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s
kin n e J y e n ourt
The overview Kaylin shows us how she is working on making a brand new polymer that is inexpensive and useful in the design of new materials. The first step shown in Methods is to make a polymer of divinyl benzene (DVB) linked with sulfur atoms called poly (S-DVB). Then she shows us how she took that polymer and a new reactant that broke those links and allowed sulfur-hydrogen bonds to form, a process called reduction. Her nuclear magnetic resonance graphs (remember those in Adam’s project?) showed this happening over time. Next Kaylin shows chromatography plots (called GPC) that describe the reduced polymer’s size as it gets reduced. The table showing molecular weights indicate the reduced polymer’s degradation. Her future goal is to form reduced polymer’s that don’t degrade.
Background • Elemental sulfur is cheap and abundant1 • Sulfur has good electrochemical properties1 • Divinylbenzene (DVB) is a inexpensive compound that creates a highly cross linked polymer when reacted with sulfur radicals1 • Thiol groups have versatile functionality. It can react with various chemical groups such as alkenes, alkynes, epoxies or other thiol groups2 • Thiols properties make it useful in click chemistry2 • Thiols also possesses high affinity for heavy metals2
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Goals • Forming polythiols by reducing poly(S-DVB) • Determining if poly(S-DVB) is still intact after reduction • Investigating stability of reduced poly(S-DVB).
methods Synthesis of poly (S-DVB)3
• 0.25 g of elemental sulfur, heated at 185 °C
• Sulfur becomes liquid and goes from yellow to reddish brown color • 0.25 ml of DVB is injected into vial and reacts for 6 hours • Polymer is liquid nitrogen cooled to stop reaction
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Figure 1: Synthesis of Poly(S-DVB) Reduction of S-DVB • Poly(S-DVB) weighed out into round bottom of the flask. • Dissolved in 10 ml of dichloromethane and 2 ml of methanol • NaBH4 was added to reduce the polymer reaction, reduced polymer samples were removed at different time intervals • The polymer solution was extracted with DI water and brine 3 times
Figure 2
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Figure 3, NMR of reduced poly(S-DVB) over time • New peaks where formed around 4 ppm and grew in over time
Figure 4, Gel Permeation chromatography of poly(S-DVB) with different S:DVB ratios • Synthesized poly(S-DVB) with different ratios of S to DVB • Different starting molecular weights • Solubility varied • Polymer solubility in DCM • 70:30 and 30:70 S:DVB samples had solubility issues • 50:50 and 60:40 S:DVB ratios had good solubility in DCM
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Table 1: Molecular weight of poly(S-DVB) as it is reduced • Molecular weight of the poly(S-DVB) decreases over time • The polymer did not degrade completely after being reduced, but it did degrade substantially
Figure 5: Graph of GPC of reduced poly(S-DVB)
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Conclusion • Obtained consistent data showing new peaks NMR as poly(S-DVB) is being reduced • GPC consistently shows smaller molecular weights as polymer is reduced • Reducing agent DTT does not react with S-DVB polymer • NaBH4 successfully reduces poly(S-DVB)
Future Work • Modify reduced to poly(S-DVB) by click chemistry • After synthesis to limit polymer degradation • Varying ratios of S:DVB • Using higher molecular weight polymers
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Acknowledgements Mentor - Dr. Cori Jenkins Ball State Chemistry Department CRISP – Dr. Paul Coan
The Recap Kaylin and her research group will keep altering different reaction conditions until the reduced polymer is stable and has the properties that will make it useful. Maybe it will be the next super material!
References 1. Chung Jin Woo. et al. Nature Chemistry, 5(6), 518-524 2. Mao, Junixa, et al. Applied Surface Science 447 235–243 (2018). 3. Zhang Yueyan. et al. Journal of polymer science 55 107-116 (2017).
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Miss Laws was selected as an IN-LSAMP scholar in 2018. Currently, she is seeking a BS degree in Biology with a minor in chemistry. She works in Dr. Jenkins’ lab on sulfur polymerization and inverse vulcanization. She also works on campus as a Computer Lab Assistant. She is responsible for providing assistance to students and faculty and performs basic computer troubleshooting. After graduation, she plans to work as a Medical Technologist and fund herself through graduate school and start her own company.
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The Overview Maurice loves nature and wants to help to understand changes in our ecosystem. He shows data in his first table collected from observations he made in the Red Tail Land Conservancy properties near Ball State in Muncie, Indiana where he counted several amphibian and reptile species that are sensitive to environmental conditions. From these counts he calculated an index (Shannon) in his first table that describes what area might be more diverse in species than another. His last three figures show what species is most prevalent in each property.
Introduction Reptiles and amphibians are excellent bio-indicator species that provide a benchmark for the condition of an ecosystem. Amphibians are very susceptible to pollutants within their environments as they exhibit cutaneous respiration and absorb molecules through their skin. An increase or decrease in reptile populations provides insight into food web interactions as they serve important functions as both prey and predator. A decline in amphibian and reptile populations suggest perturbations to the environment. The purpose of this study was to provide information to the Red Tail Land Conservancy on the species of amphibians and reptiles present on their properties. These data may be used by Red Tail Land Conservancy personnel to manage specific target species on their properties.
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Objectives 1. To determine what species occur on the four Red Tail properties. 2. To determine if species diversity & species richness differ among the four Red Tail properties. 3. To determine relative abundance of amphibians and reptiles for each of the four Red Tail properties.
Methods • A 6 week survey was conducted from July 1st through August 15th, 2018. Each site was visited once a week; McVey Woods was visited twice/week due to its size. • Each transect was spaced 150 meters apart. • All species of reptile and amphibian observed on any of the four Red Tail Land Conservancy Sites were identified and recorded.
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Results
Table 1
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Figure 1
Figure 2
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Figure 3
The Elementals have beaten Dr. Hazard before. So there’s no way he’s getting away with the rest of the research!
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Discussion White River Woods was the most species rich and diverse site of the four properties. There was a significant difference in species diversity between McVey and White River woods (p = 0.02), and between White River and Reber woods (p = 0.004). Figure 1 - McVey Woods had the most species diversity, and the Cricket Frog was the most abundant species. The Green Frog occurred at all four sites, but it was more common at White River, Fall Creek, and Reber woods than at McVey Woods. Figure 2 - American Toad, Northern Leopard Frog, and Green Frog were found at all four sites. McVey Woods had the greatest species diversity with 11 species (6 amphibians and 5 reptiles), while White River and Fall Creek each had 6 species; Reber Woods was the least diverse of the four properties with only 4 species. Figure 3 - Amphibians were more abundant than reptiles at all sites. Cricket Frog, American Bullfrog, American Toad, Northern Leopard Frog, and Green Frog were the 5 most abundant amphibian species. Northern Water Snake and Painted Turtle were the two most abundant reptile species.
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Acknowledgements
the Recap Maurice and his group continue to methodically monitor our environment so we can we detect changes that affect many species of animals. What affects them, affects us!
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Mr. Dantzler was selected as an LSAMP scholar in Spring 2018. Currently, he is seeking a BS in Wildlife Biology. He is working in Dr. Kamal Islam’s lab as well as Micayla Jones, the Red Tail Land Conservancy Stewardship Director. His project is focused conducting a survey within multiple Red tail conservancy properties and creating a database of Reptilian and Amphibian species. He is involved with the greek life as a brother of Delta Tau Delta fraternity, a member of the wildlife society, and a volunteer on the Ball State Herpetology Study. After graduation, he hopes to become a Reptile/Amphibian Zookeeper. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY, 2019
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The overview Monica is interested in exploring how school teachers have used the ‘Sphero’ robot to teach computer science in their classrooms. She found five scholarly articles and several social media posts on a Sphero educational site that indicated that the robot is used primarily in middle and elementary school and in outreach program for a variety of ages.
Introduction Recently, computer science has become an important part of students’ curriculum. Innovations like the Sphero SPRK+ have been developed to help teach computer science principles to students, and has been especially effective with fostering computer science skills in elementary students. This study seeks to see if the Sphero activities are related to computer science and what age group primarily uses it.
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Figure 1: Sphero SPRK+, an educational robot controlled with a tablet through Bluetooth connection.
Methods Studies and scholarly articles from 2013-2018 (as Sphero was introduced in 2011) that discussed Sphero in the classroom were referenced. The SpheroEdu Twitter was also referenced.
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Figure 2: Block language, a different way of programming instead of using text-based code
Results • Five scholarly articles were found that discussed Sphero being used in classrooms or outreach programs. • Sphero is used for many ages, but primarily elementary students. • Based social media posts from SpheroEdu Twitter, Sphero was primarily used for elementary and middle school students. • Sphero was primarily used in games or to navigate courses students built.
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Figure 3: Sphero activities used in the classroom based on data collected from SpheroEdu’s Twitter Account
Discussion • Elementary classrooms primarily use Sphero, though it can be used for all ages (some may need more guidance)2. • Although some activities may not appear to be explicitly computer science related, it helps facilitate collaboration and problem-solving abilities. • The effectiveness of Sphero in teaching computer science depends on the educator’s creativity and hard work.
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Acknowledgements Mr. Dave Largent Ball State Computer Science Department
The Recap Monica’s plot shows that most the most popular activities for Sphero are programming it for its use in games or for travelling a Sphero course that was constructed by students. How to spark interest in computer science in young children is an essential part of developing future scientists!
References 1. Hadfield, S. M., Raynor, J. T., & Sievers, M. D. (2018). Engaging Secondary and Post-Secondary Students to Learn and Explore Programming Using a Theme-Based Curriculum and the Sphero SPRK Robot. Proceedings of the 23rd Western Canadian Conference on Computing Education - WCCCE 18. doi:10.1145/3209635.3209643
2. Newhouse, C. P., Cooper, M., & Cordery, Z. (2017). Programmable Toys and Free Play in Early Childhood Classrooms. Australian Educational Computing. Retrieved July 6, 2018, from http://journal.acce.edu.au/index.php/AEC/article/ view/147/pdf
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Miss Appel was selected as an IN-LSAMP SCHOLAR in 2018. Currently, she is seeking a BS degree in Computer Science and a minor in Spanish. She works with Mr. Largent’s lab researching computer science in education. She is an active member of the Latinx Student Union. After graduation she hopes to be able to work in computer security and is planning to attend graduate school in the future.
COMPUTER SCIENCE, 2019
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the overview Princess is using sulfur, a waste product from oil refinement, to make a polymer called a polysulfide (S-DVB). The new part of her research is then taking S-DVB and modifying it by reacting it again at mild reaction temperatures without using toxic organic solvent to incorporate a new monomer. The series of nuclear magnetic graphs show that the maleimide is being incorporated into the polymer. This happens whether or not you do the reaction in a solvent.
Background • Elemental sulfur is generated as waste during crude oil refinement.1,2 • About 60 million tons of sulfur are produced annually.1 • Elemental sulfur is mainly use for the production of sulfuric acid.3 • Inverse vulcanization allows the formation of diradicals from S8 to react with monomers to form polysulfides.2 • At temperatures >160 °C • Reaction occurs without the use of solvent • Large reaction scale and fast reaction time • Polysulfides are solvent resistant and can have a high refractive index.1 • Sulfur-containing materials are very advantageous due to their broad applications.1 • LiS batteries, ion-exchange membranes, engineered plastic, IR transparent lenses. 2,3
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Figure 1: Sulfur mountains from petroleum refinery process. 4
Goal • Modification of poly(S-divinylbenzene) with maleimide • Modification without organic solvents • poly(sulfur-divinylbenzene-styrene) • Purpose: increase versatility of polymer
Polysulfide Synthesis • Polysulfides contain dynamic sulfur bonds, allowing polymer modifications5 • Direct copolymerization of elemental sulfur with divinylbenzene • The reaction occurs in a glass vial with a magnetic stir bar • Polymer consist of 30% sulfur and 70% divinylbenzene. • 5 gram scale • Sample is heated to 185 °C for 1 hour • Cooled with liquid nitrogen.
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Figure 2: Synthesis of Ploy(S-DVB)
Figure 3: Reaction of sulfur with DVB over time • Solvent free • poly(s-styrene-DVB)
Figure 4: Synthesis of poly(s-styrene-DVB)
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Modification with maleimide
Figure 5
Figure 6: Synthesis of poly(s-DVB-maleimide) • Modifications of the newly created poly(S-DVB) • Eight time trials ranging form 15 minutes to 48 hours • Synthesis occurs in oil-bath at 100 °C, 200 mg scale in 20 µL DMF • 3:1 ratio of poly(S-DVB) to Maleimide • Liquid nitrogen cooled
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Figure 7 No DMF on the left: the poly(S-DVB) is not reacting with th maleimide (yellow)
Figure 8 DMF on the right: majority of the maleimide is being incorporated into the poly(S-DVB)
NMR Data • NMR spectrum of poly(s-DVB): • The benzene ring at 7.5 ppm • HC-S bonds ranging from 2.5-4.5 ppm • HC-C bonds ranging from 1.0-2.0 ppm • Maleimide incorporation over time: • Peak at 6.5 ppm decreases as time increases • Indicating that the compound is being incorporated into the poly(sDVB) • Percent of maleimide being incorporated: • As time increase amount incorporated increases • After 24 hours maleimide incorporation level off.
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Figure 9: NMR spectrum of poly(S-DVB)
Finally, we’re off to find the last piece of research and stop Dr. Hazard once and for all.
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Figure 10: Maleimide incorporated over time
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Figure 11: Percent of malimide incorporated over time.
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Table 1: Solvent free graft poly(S-DVB): maleimide
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GPC Data
Table 2: Molecular weight of poly(S-DVB) modified with maleimide • There is no significant drop in molecular weight for most of the time trials • After 24 hours molecular weight decreases
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Conclusion • The poly(S-DVB): successfully binds to maleimide in DMF. • Maleimide is incorporated into the poly(S-DVB) creating a graft polymer Solvent-Free • The poly(S-DVB-styrene):maleimide without DMF was still able to incorporate maleimide into the structure
Acknowledgements Mentor - Dr. Cori Jenkins Ball State Chemistry Department LSAMP Dr. Anita Gnedza & Dr. Patricia Lang CRISP – Dr. Paul Coan
The Recap Princess has made new polymers with versatile functions that use waste products and no solvents—that’s doubly good for the environment.
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References 1. Diez, S.; Hoefling, A.; Theato, P.; Pauer, W. Mechanical and Electrical
Properties of Sulfur-Containing Polymeric Materials Prepared via Inverse Vulcanization. Polymers 2017, 9, 59.
2. Chung, W. J., et al. (2013). “The Use of Elemental Sulfur as an Alternative Feedstock for Polymeric Materials.” Nat Chem 5(6): 518-524.
3. Khalifa Salman, M., Karabay, B., Canan Karabay, L. and Cihaner, A. (2016), Elemental sulfur-based polymeric materials: Synthesis and characterization. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 133, 43655.
4. Boyd, D. A. “Sulfur and Its Role In Modern Materials Science.” Angew. Chem. 2016, 128, 15712–15729.
5. Griebel, J. J., et al. (2014). “Preparation of Dynamic Covalent Polymers via Inverse Vulcanization of Elemental Sulfur.” ACS Macro Letters 3(12): 12581261.
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Miss Walker was selected as an LSAMP Scholar in 2017. Currently, she is seeking a BS in Chemistry with a concentration in Biochemistry with a Biology Minor. She works in Dr. Cori Jenkins’ lab with polymer synthesis and instrumentation. Ms. Walker is a member of the National Society of Leadership and Scholars (NSLS). As an active member of this society, she participates in community outreach within the Muncie community. Miss Walker also participates in the PhD Pathways program with the goals of preparing undergraduates for graduate school and making it possible for them to attain a doctoral degree. After graduation, she hopes to further her education in a graduate program center around genetic studies or cancer research; with the goal of obtaining a doctoral degree in either field. BIOCHEMISTRY; BIOLOGY, 2019
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The villianous Dr. Hazard finally appears, causing the Elementals to spring into action...
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You thought you could win, but this isn’t over! I have the last piece of Research.
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ate l p ro Mic ric t e rim o l Co ee r F of n o i ect t e de i D f l n Su e g ro d y H
And , e k a l B oy r T , a n e M kle n Rebeca o K . E Dr. Mary
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The Overview Rebeca and her research team are studying an important protein that plays a big role in regulating metabolism in the cell and consequently understanding the chemical reactions it undergoes is important. MitoNEET, is this protein’s name and it is thought to react with the sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine, but the products of that reaction have not been identified. Rebeca describes the experimental method which uses ultraviolet light to detect for the evolution of hydrogen sulfide. This would happen if the MitoNEET reaction with cysteine proceeded by breaking off cysteine’s sulfur-hydrogen group.
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Background MitoNEET is a protein with a [2Fe-2S] cluster in a unique ligation process of 3Cys-1His residues (figure 1). While iron is an essential element to all life, it can be highly toxic to living systems when not appropriately sequestered. MitoNEET is an iron-handling protein known to be predominantly localized on the outer mitochondrial membrane. Through previous research it was discovered that the protein mitoNEET likely has a significant role in type-II diabetes and in regulating mitochondrial metabolism and redox. However, the molecular mechanisms are unknown at this time. Previous experiments in the Konkle laboratory identified a possible enzymatic activity between PLP-modified mitoNEET and L-cysteine (an amino acid with key redox regulatory roles). However, the products of that reaction are still unidentified. We adapted a published assay (Figure 2.) to determine if the thiol group of cysteine was being released as H2S gas or reacted with an additional cysteine of a protein to form a disulfide bond. If the latter were occurring, then treatment of dithiothreitol (DTT) would release H2S gas. A standard curve using the positive control of Na2S was determined. In summary, the reaction of cysteine with PLP-charged mitoNEET does not cleave the thiol group from the L-cysteine.
Figure 1: The crystal structure of mitoNEET (2qd0) containing two [2Fe-2S] clusters within its homodimeric structure shown in colorbyatom
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Figure 2: A H2S source evolves H2S gas which reacts with the AgNO3 in the Nafion-Coated Microplate Cover. After one hour the Ag2S that is produced gives the brown color seen above indicating the production of H2S gas.
Experimental Methods Nafion Coated Microplate Cover: Nafion was mixed with glycerol in a 4:1 v/v ratio. A AgNO3 solution (100 mM) was added to the Nafion and glycerol solution. 15 ÂľL of solution were pipetted into every other well of every other row on the 96-well microplate cover and dried over one hour.
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Experimental Methods (Continued) Standard Curve using Na2S ∙ 9H2O: Na2S ∙ 9H2O was diluted using 1x PBS to final concentrations of 100 µM, 80 µM, 60 µM, 40 µM, 20 µM, and 0 µM. The solutions were placed in every other well and every other row to prevent contamination from the evolved H2S gas from neighboring samples. The cover was then placed onto the plate. The plate was incubated for one hour to produce H2S gas from the Na2S in the wells and analyzed by a plate reader monitoring at λ = 310 nm. The experiment was done in triplicate. Analysis of the Products of Cysteine Reacted with PLP-mitoNEET: MitoNEET (250 µM) and PLP (500 µM) were reacted in a single batch and subsequently diluted to 120 µM, 90 µM, 30 µM and 0 µM in 1x PBS and L-cysteine solutions were made at 5 mM, 1mM, and 0 mM with 1x PBS. The experiment was done in triplicate using the method described above. MitoNEET, PLP, and Cysteine with the Addition of DTT: DTT solution (1 µL of 1M) was added to the reactions described above to break any potential disulfide bonds that may have formed.
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Results And Discussion
Figure 3: Standard curve data from a triplicate of H2S evolution from Na2S. Error bars shown are S.E.M. from triplicate measurements.
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Figure 4: Wells were filled with PLP-MnT and cysteine to 200 ÂľL final volume Figure 5: Wells were filled with PLP-MnT and cysteine with 1 ÂľL of 1 M DTT solution to break any potential disulfide bonds.
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Figure 6: PLP-MnT and cysteine reaction plates incubated for one hour (Day1) and left overnight (Day 2). These images shows an unexplained color change in the 5mM Cys wells from Day 1 to Day 2
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Conclusion and Future Directions • Adapted an assay to detect H2S gas using a 96-well plate and validated it with a standard curve • PLP-MnT treated with cysteine does not liberate H2S gas, in contrast to known cysteine desulfurase enzymes • Identify the products of PLP-MnT treatment with cysteine • Characterize e reactions of PLP-MnT with other known chemical modifiers
Acknowledgements Dr. Mary Konkle Dr. Coan and the Ball State University CRISP program NSF # 1806266 and 16184 LSAMP
The Recap Rebeca saw no gas evolution in her experiments so another mechanism for the reaction of the protein MitoNeet with the amino acid cysteine needs to be explored!
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References 1. Jarosz, A. P.; Yep, T.; Mutus, B. Microplate-based Colorimetric Detection of
Free Hydrogen Sulfide. Analytical chemistry, 2013, 85(7), 3638-3643
2. Tamir, S.; Paddock, M. L.; Darash-Yahana-Baram, M.; Holt, S.H.; Sohn, Y. S.;
Agranat, L.; Cabantchik, I, Z. Structure-function analysis of NEET proteins uncovers their role as key regulators of iron and ROS homeostasis in health and disease. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Cell Research, 2015, 1853(6), 1294-1315
3. Zheng, L.k; White , R. H.; Cash, V.L.; Dean, D. R. Mechanism for the
Desulfurization of L-cysteine Catalyzed by the nifS Gene Product. Biochemistry, 1994, 33(15), 4714-4720
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Miss Mena was selected as an IN-LSAMP Scholar in 2018. Currently, she is seeking a BS in Chemistry and Spanish. She works in Dr. Mary Konkle’s lab on the function of the protein mitoNEET and how its role affects other biological processes in the mitochondria. She currently serves as a STEM peer mentor for IN-LSAMP BSU. As a native Venezuelan she is also bilingual (Spanish and English) and works as a medical interpreter for hospitals and clinics. Additionally, she has also worked as a supplemental instructor in general chemistry. After graduation, she hopes to attend dentistry school and become a dental surgeon.
CHEMISTRY, 2021
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I’m gonna skip the long villainous monologue if that’s okay with you ?
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Fine with us. The quicker this over for us the better!
We’re putting an end to this once and for all, Hazard! No more last minute escapes, it’s over!
Lets do this, no letting up!
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THank you
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To our Heroes
“This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. HRD 1618408, 2016-2021. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.�
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!
The Ball State University Chapter of TAGA consists of many different individuals in the graphic arts department as well as in the industry and technology department. Ball State only has about 27 students in the Graphic Arts Management major. However, many of them are apart of the TAGA team, which makes us so great. Each and every one of us has our own unique capabilities. Each member is excited to create our own journal and participate in this year’s TAGA Conference. All of our members are looking forward to working with some extremely creative minds on a myriad of projects, creating connections and networking with other members around the country and world, and getting a lot of hands on experience with the production side of the Graphic Arts Field.
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Chapter President
He has worked for the last 2 years trying to build back up the Ball State Chapter of TAGA. He is a Graphic Arts Management major and is also an RA at Park Hall on campus. Overall, he is looking forward to getting to know the TAGA members better.
Vice President
She is a Graphic Arts Management major and is also a member and photographer for Indiana Zeta chapter of Pi Beta Phi. This year she is looking forward to spreading the word about TAGA on campus and getting others excited about this organization!
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Journal Editor
Kelli is a Graphic Arts Management major and in her free time she enjoys photography and Spending time with her friends and family. She is looking forward to being a part of the journal making process and taking our journal to the TAGA conference.
Chapter Treasurer
Jared is an Industry and Technology major and in his free time he enjoys drawing, designing and printing. Through TAGA, he is looking forward to creating the journal and also seeing other groups’ journals at the TAGA conference this spring.
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Social Media Executive & Layout Designer
Katlyn is a Graphics Arts Management major and is also a part of Best Buddies and Cru on campus. This year she is looking forward to making business connections at the TAGA conference and getting more hands-on experience in print.
Design Executive
Ryan is a Graphic Arts Management major and in his free time he enjoys physical fitness and tabletop games. He is looking forward to gaining experience in design and print jobs while being in TAGA this year.
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Design Assistant
She is a Japanese Major with Asian Studies and a Graphic Arts technology minor. She’s involved in the Cardinal Film Society and is also the treasurer of the Japanese Animation Society on campus. One thing that she is looking forward to about being in TAGA is building her portfolio and working with a team.
General Member
He is a Graphic Arts Management major. one of the Extracurriculars he is involved in on campus is the Cryptocurrency and Blockchain Technology Club. A few things that he enjoys to do in his free time is designing flat landscapes, cooking, playing soccer and basketball, and hanging out with his friends.
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Journal Illustrator
She is a Graphic Arts Management major. Some things that she enjoys doing in her free time include reading, drawing, freelancing, and watching movies. One of the things she is looking forward to about being in TAGA is meeting businessprofessionals at the annual conference and making new connections.
General Member
He is a Graphic Arts Management major. He enjoys novel writing, cooking, drawing, and reading in his free time. Some things that he is looking forward to being in TAGA is working with some extremely creative minds on a myriad of projects, creating connections and networking with other members around the country and world and getting a lot of hands on experience with the production side of the Graphic Arts Field. 123
General Member
He is a Graphic Arts Management major with a minor in business. Along with graphics, Roy is also involved in Byte, an organization at Ball State. In his free time he enjoys listening to music, playing video games, spend time with friends and watching TV. One thing that Roy is looking forward to is the experience TAGA offers.
GrADUATE
ASSISTANT
SHE has been pleaSED to see tAGA thrive and create such an impressive final product. SHE IS pursuing dual master’s degrees after fifteen years of working as a graphic designer in film, TV, and print. HER experience with Universal Studios Home Entertainment DVD packaging design inspired a deep interest in connections between design, paper, and packaging. SHE lookS forward to seeing what tAGA createS IN THE FUTURE. 124
FACULTY ADVISOR
HE is an Associate Professor of Art and faculty of Graphic Communications Management since 1993. HIS specialtIES include photography, digital imaging, print production and promoting the industry to young people. “My desire is to instill Pride in Print and give young people ownership of their own learning. There’s immense power in understanding that one can move themselves forward towards their own life’s goals.”
FACULTY ADVISOR
HE WORKED FOR a printing company RUNNING a Heidelberg GTO AND a 4 color Vickers Crabtree press FOR 5 years. HE AND HIS WIFE started a small offset printing business in Napa Valley. THEY sold it, AND theN moved to Zambia, Africa where HE managed an offset printing business. When THEY came back from Africa HE worked as a sales person for Dobb Printing company before starting HIS teaching career. HE now haS been teaching for 14 years. 125
IN-LSAMP
CO-PRINCIPAL &
CAMPUS DIRECTOR
Dr. Lang has extensive experience in programs that aid in retention of STEM students, in particulaR underrepresented minority students. She utilizes her experience and current status as Co-PI to assist in recruiting a diverse group of qualified students as well as to evaluate the successful elements of the program. As past Chemistry Department Chair. Lang has worked and continues to work closely with the math and science chairs and the administration to support STEM initiatives, write proposals, advocate for resources and student learning initiatives. Over her career, she has mentored nearly 70 research students, half of whom are women and/or minority students.
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IN-LSAMP CAMPUS
COORDINATOR
Dr. Gnezda has over a decade of experience teaching introductory courses in chemistry, science, and allied science. Through her interactions with students in these courses and her appointment as lab coordinator, she is positioned within the university to meet and recruit students who are entering STEM fields, and may BE iNterested in participating in the IN LSAMP program. In the past, as the Ball State LSAMP Indiana coordinator and through her interaction with the Multicultural Center at Ball State, she has increased awareness of the LSAMP program on campus and facilitated students participation in the program.
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Our Sponsors Special Thanks to
Robert Schroeder Ball State Sponsored Projects Administration
Ball State School of Art For your donation! 128
Our Sponsors
Huston Signs is a full service branding, graphics and custom signage company serving central Indiana located in Westfield, IN. We specialize in helping our customers create their brand and then assisting them in marketing that brand to the public. We help our customers visually communicate their brand in the following ways: vehicle wraps and vinyl lettering, interior wall wraps, electronic message centers, architectural letters, monument signs, construction site signs, post and panel signs and way-finding signage. To learn more visit us at www.hustonelectric.com
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Our Sponsors
Konica Minolta logo BSU logo School of Art logo
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Production Baby
Welcome Zane!
Welcome Zane Antrhop, our production baby born in December during the creation of our journal. He is an important member of the Ball State TAGA team just like his dad, Caleb!
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Final Acknowledgements As we reach the end of Ball State’s centennial year, we are looking forward to upcoming years with bright eyes. We are so proud to have reached our goals of more than tripling our membership this year and returning to the Annual TAGA conference with a journal created from scratch after not being in attendance with one for several years. As we look forward, we must also look back and honor those who have helped us get to this moment. The journal would not have been possible without the efforts of our determined members. We have grown significantly and gained many valuable experiences, most important being we learned to work together and combine our creative minds to form a journal that we believe truly represents our best work. Each and every member brought their own special talents to the team, and countless hours were spent working together to focus them into one project. We would like to express our gratitude towards Konica Minolta for donating our press and their continued support. A big thank you goes out to Ball State’s faculty for supporting us and giving us an environment that fosters creativity and innovation. We would like to especially thank professor Patricia Lang for working one-on-one with graphic art students to correctly capture the essence of science research in a new and exciting way. Bringing together these disciplines has been no easy task, however we are thankful to have had the opportunity to help highlight such an important and inspiring group of students. IN-LSAMP is doing great things not only on our campus but in other schools in Indiana. We are incredibly honored to present their research in our publication. We are also thankful to be a part of an organization that provides opportunities to students outside the classroom and prepares them for the future. Ball State TAGA is proud of our 2019 journal, and we are excited to build our chapter and continue to grow in years to come.
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Publisher’s Information Typefaces BigNoodleTitling Heroes Legend Heroes Legend Hollow
Times New Roman VTC Letterer Pro
Stocks Cougar Text LUX Colors Midnight Black Card Stock Tango Coated Cover C1S
Software & Equipment Adobe InDesign Adobe Illustrator Abode Photoshop Fiery
Binding & Finishing Equipment Konica Minolta AccurioPress C2070 POLAR Mohr POLAR 78 ES Cutter
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