VARGENS: THE LATENT URBAN LANDSCAPE
THE LATENT URBAN LANDSCAPE
VARGENS,
VARGENS, THE LATENT URBAN LANDSCAPE MASTER OF URBAN DESIGN PROGRAM 2012-2013 “One Year, One City,” Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Fall Semester
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The students would like to thank the Taubman College faculty and other visiting critics who have contributed to this project with their intellectual guidance. UM Faculty Critics David Bieri, Assistant Professor of Urban and Regional Planning Craig Borum, Professor of Architecture Suzanne Lanyi Charles, Assistant Professor of Urban and Regional Planning McClain Clutter, Assistant Professor of Architecture Kit McCullough, Lecturer in Architecture Robert Fishman, Professor of Architecture and Urban and Regional Planning Paul Fontaine, Lecturer in Urban Planning Lars Graebner, Professor in Practice of Architecture Douglas Kelbaugh, Professor of Architecture El-Hadi Jazairy, Assistant Professor of Architecture Jen Maigret, Assistant Professor of Architecture Roy Strickland, Professor of Architecture Geoffrey Thün, Associate Professor of Architecture Kathy Velikov, Assistant Professor of Architecture Claudia Wigger, Lecturer in Architecture Visiting Critics Gabriel Duarte, Campo AUD, Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro Georgeen Theodore, Interboro Partners. New Jersey Institute of Technology Mona El Khafif, CCA URBANlab, San Francisco Marshall Brown, IIT, Chicago
Publication Editors
Chi-An Wu, Jia Weng, Yu-Hsiang Lin, Dongye Liu, Shuqi He
Instructor María Arquero de Alarcón, Assistant Professor of Architecture and Urban Planning Students & Authors Timothy Bevins Cesar Simborth Escudero Justin Garrison Shuqi He
Siyu Lei Yu-Hsiang Lin Dongye Liu Pei Liu
Sneha Lohotekar Jia Weng Chi-An Wu
A. Alfred Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Mónica Ponce De León, Dean Milton Curry, Associate Dean & Director of Post-Professional Degrees John McMorrough, Architecture Chair
TABLE OF CONTENTS 01 02 03 04 05 06
COURSE STRUCTURE- STUDENTS COLLABORATIONS..................006 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................008 METROPOLITAN MAPPING: TRANSIT AS SPINE.............................012 SITE ANALYSIS..................................................................................030 PRECEDENT STUDIES......................................................................042 DESIGN PROPOSALS.........................................................................064 TEAM: THE EXCHANGE.....................................................................066 Environmental Infrastructures...................................080 Timothy Bevins Cultural Catalyst.........................................................086 Justin Garrison Multi-Interligcao.........................................................092 Cesar Simborth Escudero Recreation Anchor.......................................................098 Shuqi He Community Life..........................................................104 Sneha Lohotekar TEAM: THE BELT...............................................................................112 The Green Corridor......................................................128 Jia Weng Live-Work District.......................................................136 Dongye Liu Recreation Waterfront Belt........................................144 Yu-Hsiang Lin Central Market Place..................................................150 Pei Liu The Downtown Gateway..............................................156 Chi-An Wu
COURSE STRUCTURE Students
Metropolitan Mapping
Site Analysis
Timothy John Bevins Los Angeles, California B.S. in Biological Anthropology M. UP
Transoeste
Cad File Physical Model
56 km, 74 stations
Cesar Simborth Escudero Peru B. Arch Justin Ray Garrison Austin, Texas B. S. in Architecture M. Arch Shuqi He Guangdong, China B. Arch
Planning Regulations Codes
Siyu Lei Henan, China B. Arch Yu-Hsiang Lin Taipei, Taiwan B. Arch
Transcarioca
39 km, 43 stations
Dongye Liu Jilin, China B. Arch
Environmental/ Geomorphological/ Infrastructural/ Geopolitical information
Pei Liu Beijing, China B. Arch Sneha Lohotekar Pune, India B. Arch Jia Weng Beijing, China B. Arch Chi-An Wu Taipei, Taiwan B. Arch
Transolimpica 25 km, 16 stations
Historical Analysis Socioeconomic Analysis Public/private Developments
STUDENTS’ COLLABORATIONS Precedent Study
Group Proposal
Individual Proposal
Group 1
T’Hool Eindhoven
Novartis Campus Basel
Timothy John Bevins
Environmental Infrastructures Group 2
Eastern Harbour District Borneo-Sporenburg, Amsterdam
Cesar Simborth Escudero
Multi-Interligacao
The Exchange
Columbia University Development Plans
Justin Ray Garrison
Cultural Catalyst Shuqi He
Recreation Anchor
New York
Sneha Lohotekar
Group 3
Community Life
Tianjin Eco City China
Orestadt and the Finger Plan Copenhaguen
Science & Technology Park East Baltimore, MD
Yu-Hsiang Lin
Recreational Waterfront Belt Group 4
Dongye Liu
University Park, MIT
Live-Work District
Cambridge, MA
Haveneiland and Pampus Ijburg, Amsterdam
The Belt
Pei Liu
Central Market Place Jia Weng
The Green Corridor Chi-An Wu Group 5
Songdo
South Korea
Hafen City Hamburg
The Downtown Gateway
INTRODUCTION
VARGENS, THE LATENT URBAN LANDSCAPE The 2012 fall semester urban design studio continues the focus research on Rio de Janeiro, the second most populated urban area in Brazil, and a city of growing national and continental importance. Selected to host the 2016 Olympics and some events in the 2014 World Cup, Rio de Janeiro is being transformed through massive investments to modernize and expand obsolete urban infrastructures, respond to the shortage of urban services, and improve security across the urban geography. Beyond these investments, the emergent geopolitical significance of Rio de Janeiro in the South American continent revolves around a robust and diversified economy, including the thriving oil sector tied to the discovery of massive off shore oil fields nearby. Fostered by the optimism of this booming economy, Rio’s population projections estimate a steady increase in the next decades. As a consequence, the city fabric will continue to expand on undeveloped and protected land to house a growing number of new-comers in a market with chronic shortage of residential options. The design challenges emerging from these dynamics require innovative approaches to better balance the demands of growth with landscape protection and resource conservation. The studio structure encourages the use of innovative approaches to traditional urbanization mechanisms— urban infrastructure, blocks, parcels, and building typologies— and the deployment of an extended repertoire of urban design elements and ecological strategies pertinent to the site. The dynamic collaboration among students facilitates the development of responses at multiple geographic and temporal scales, incorporating cultural and social concerns and process-based dynamics of development in a site with high ecological value and multiple infrastructural constraints in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro.
9
INTRODUCTION
The testing site for the studio is the Vargens, in the southwest of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, and adjacent to the area master planned by Lucio Costa in the late 1960s. The area is a key ecological piece in the transition from the National Park of Pedra Branca (one of the biggest urban forests in the world), and the sea front ecological system formed by the Chico Mendes Park and the Lagoa de Marapendi. The Vargens is already set for development as defined by the PEU, a municipal planning regulatory framework with highly flexible rules for developers and very vague environmental constraints. Guided by a market-driven approach, and capitalizing on a sense of urgency to respond to housing scarcity, new residential developments are popping out in the area in a piecemeal fashion. This lack of a cohesive structure in the strategy of development of the Vargens threatens the ecological value of the central wetlands in the landscape matrix connecting Pedra Branca and the sea front. 1 The second semester of the Urban Design Studio sequence “focuses on the planning and design of sustainable physical environments anchored by a residential component as a catalyst of vibrant urban life�.
(Left) Images from the site showcasing the patterns of land development.
Building on the curricular structure of the Masters of Urban Design1, the studio speculates on the design opportunities emerging from these dynamics to serve a diverse population through the development of inclusive urbanization frameworks. The semester is structured around different exercises, including mappings on the site connections at the metropolitan scale, research and analysis of existing site conditions (observation), diagnosis (assessment of those), and design development engaging the cultural and ecological dimensions of place (synthesis). The two final team schemes include: (1) studies on land use strategies, urban blocks and building typologies, with an emphasis on the residential component; (2) programmatic and performative considerations in the design of open public spaces; (3) site integration in the metropolitan infrastructural systems, and strategies for the protection of the site ecological balance; (4) individual design proposals for the selected areas of focus in each scheme; and (5) stakeholder identification and implementation strategies.
11
TRANSIT AS SPINE
METROPOLITAN CONTEXT
Santa Cruz
Terminal Campo Grande
Termina
With 708 kilometers of Bus Rapid Transit [BRT] corridors in 30 cities with nearly 10 million daily passengers, Brazil is and historically has been Latin America’s leader in public transit.
14
Estacao Aeroporto Internacional
Pavuna
Deodoro
Central Vicente de Carvalho
Botafogo
Curicica
Alvorada
Ipanema
al Transolimpica
BRT line Metro Brasil avenue Railway Airport Terminal station Transfer station
Rio de Janeiro - a city rooted in innovative transportation initiatives - is carrying the country’s transportation momentum forward with the implementation of an expansive BRT network connecting much of the city’s densest areas as well as sites projected for future growth. 15
METROPOLITAN CONTEXT RIO DE JANEIRO AND THE BUS RAPID TRANSIT The BRT system, which is already running in Barra da Tijuca, is slated to be fully operational in time for the city’s hosting of the 2016 Olympic Games. Composed of three intersecting routesTransCarioca, TransOeste and TransOlimpica- the completed network will stretch 120 kilometers and feature 133 stations and be integrated to the region’s bus, rail and metro systems. Much of the system’s alignment is strategically located to promote Transit Oriented Development along designated future growth areas, ushering in a new era of mobility in the rapidly growing metropolis.
transoeste BRT line
16
transcarioca BRT line
transolimpica BRT line
17
BUS RAPID TRANSIT LINES
Transcarioca
TRANSCARIOCA BRT LINE UNFOLDED 39 kilometers, 45 stops
Transcarioca - Unfold
Estacao Aeroporto Internacional
il as br e. av
B
Estacao International Airport
Estacao Olaria Integracao Madureira
I
Length Recrea Station
Curicica Alvorada
Length: 38.04km Stations: 41
Terminal Alvorada
Undeveloped
Infrastructur
The TransCarioca line covers 39 kilometers and is the only line which runs in the transverse direction of the city, reducing travel time between Barra da Tajuca and the International Airport more than 60%. The route passes through the dense neighborhoods of Madureira and Penha and most importantly connects the main Olympic sites with the International Airport. TransCarioca is surrounded by large scale retail and recreational developments near Barra da Tajuca, wholesale commercial near Madureira and Penhe and institutional establishments near the airport. km 0.5 1.5 00 miles 0.5
18
Protected
5.0
1.5
km 0.5 1.5 00 miles 0.5
1.5
11.87
18.16
19.94
19
Detail section A
17.00
Railway
Madureira
Campinoho
Menezes Pinto Teles
Albano Praca Seca
Pc. Araci Cabral Tanque
04
19.14
18.16
17.42
Estacao International Airport
Estacao
10
16.26
15.70
14.02
13.52
Andre Rocha Taquara Mal. Bevilaqua
Merck
Gusmao Lobo
Arroio Pavuna Schering
Praca do Bandolim
Pedro Correia Rio II
Autodromo
Hospital Sarah
Polo Cine e Video
Via Parque
03
38.04
35.64
Estacao Cidade Universityl
09
12.44 12.87
11.87
11.21
Estacao Avenida Brasil
08
10.34
Highway I BR9.31 101
Estacao Olaria
Alvorada
Unfolding the line: land use and other adjacencies
Lourenco Jorge
02
33.01
31.38
8.91
07
Railway I Estacao8.11 Olaria
7.26
6.68
Caja Terminal Penha
Guapore
Pedro Taques
Vicente de Carvalho Aquidauana Lafaiete
Marambaia
Otavoano Vila Queiroz Vaz Lobo
Mercadao
Madureira
Campinoho
Menezes Pinto Teles
Albano Praca Seca
Pc. Araci Cabral Tanque
Andre Rocha Taquara Mal. Bevilaqua
Merck
Gusmao Lobo
Arroio Pavuna Schering
Praca do Bandolim
05 06 BRT Stations
29.52
27.29 27.82
5.72
4.85
Infrastructure intersection
26.39
d open space
3.72
Autodromo
01
25.51
Infrastructure
2.22 Metro I Line 2
Public
22.73
Industrial
Avenue I Americas central
Retail
Pedro Correia Rio II
Residential
23.48 23.96 24.51
km
Public
1.00
0.00
Water
20.73 21.31 21.80
Railway Railway
d open space
19.14
Alvorada Infrastructure
17.00
Commercial
Hospital Sarah
04
17.42
Industrial
15.70
Retail
Polo Cine e Video
03
16.26
h: 38.04km ational space ns: 41
14.02
13.52
Residential
Via Parque
02
12.44 12.87
Commercial
Alvorada
BRT Stations
Lourenco Jorge Estacao International Airport
11.21
10.34
9.31
8.91
8.11
7.26
6.68
5.72
4.85
3.72
Avenue I Americas central 01
2.22
1.00
5.0
km
re intersection
0.00
a - Unfold 05
Recreational space
Protected open space
Undeveloped open space
Water
BUS RAPID TRANSIT LINES TRANSCARIOCA SECTIONAL INDEX
A
20
Transcarioca stops and their urban context Estacao Avenda Brasil figure ground
streets
unbuilt area
32.1%
19.8%
48.2%
figure ground
streets
unbuilt area
23.2%
33.2%
43.6%
aerial photo
Madureira aerial photo
Captitao Menezes figure ground
streets
unbuilt area
39.9%
11.7%
48.4%
aerial photo
Term. Alvoroda figure ground
streets
unbuilt area
25.2%
17.2%
66.1%
21
aerial photo
BUS RAPID TRANSIT LINES TRANSOLYMPICA BRT LINE UNFOLDED 25 kilometers, 16 stops
Curicica
Terminal Transolimpica
The 25 kilometer Transolimpica BRT route traverses central Rio from north to south, stretching from the regional rail network’s Deodoro station to its terminus near Lagoa de Marapendi linking up with the TransOeste route. Much of the route transverses what is now relatively low density residential and agricultural landscapes. The northern terminus however is dominated by expansive military installations and barracks. The TransOlimpica corridor runs across Rio’s difficult terrain ,which it negotiates with a nearly 4 kilometer tunnel. 22
Detail section A
Train I Suburban
Retail
Public
Industrial
Infrastructure
Open space
Protected open space
ca
m Undeveloped open space
Water
Detail section B
23 Duque de Caxias Deodoro
Hospital Militar
Major Dreon
08
25.36
24.84
23.79
22.96
Magahaes Bastos
07
21.86
06
Marechal Fontineli
05
19.98
13.42
Taquara
Commercial
14.90
Residential
Colonia Juliano Moreira Ipadu
BRT Stations
13.97
Andre Rocha
Waypoints
04
11.94
BRT I TransCarioca
03
11.20
BRT I TransCarioca
Curicica
Centro Olimpico
02
7.63
5.59
Rio Centro 1
CBF
01
4.55
BRT I TransOeste
Infrastructure intersection
1.84
km
Deodoro
0.00
Unfolding the line: land use and other adjacencies 09
BUS RAPID TRANSIT LINES TRANSOLYMPICA SECTIONAL INDEX A
B
24
Transolympica and their urban context Deodero figure ground
streets
unbuilt area
26.4%
26.2%
49.5%
aerial photo
Terminal Transolimpica figure ground
streets
unbuilt area
11.7%
17.4%
70.9%
aerial photo
Estação Curicica figure ground
streets
unbuilt area
23.1%
11.2%
65.7%
25
aerial photo
BUS RAPID TRANSIT LINES TRANSOESTE BRT LINE UNFOLDED
Transoeste - Unfold
56 kilometers, 74 stops
ec am
ina
da
The 56 kilometer long TransOeste corridor plays a large role in mobility and the future development of Barra da Tijuca. Located along Barra’s main thoroughfare, Avenida das Americas, the line originates in the district’s historic center and stretches northwest towards the Santa Cruz neighborhood and train station. The route traverses a variety of characteristics, shifting between high density residential and commercial uses to rural neighborhoods and unbuilt fields and wetlands. ed em ilth gu
do
on
m
uz nta cr
Santa Cruz
sa av. de
Terminal Campo Grande Estacao Ferroviaria Campo
Protec
Un
Infrastructu
estr. ver. alceu de carvalho
dre pa es tr.
ro
i te
tr. es
atriz
m estr. da
km 0.5 1.5 00 miles 0.5
5.0 1.5
Terminal Jd. Oceanico
Term. Alvorada
26
Public
Industrial
Infrastructure
Recreational
cted open space
ndeveloped land
Water
Santa Cruz General Olimpio
Transolimpica
899A, 897A, Transcarioca
27
Detail section A
Detail section B
Rio Metro, linha 4
J. Oceanico
Citta America
09
44.79
43.31
Porto Dos Cabritos
Le monde Barra Square Pao De Acucar 41.40 41.89
08
42.55
Parque Das Rosas 40.09
07
40.74
Alvorada Barra Shopping
06
Bosque De Barra
Santa Monica Jardins America's Park Novo Leblon
05
38.17 38.75 39.31
36.03 36.53 37.03
Golfe Olimpico Riomar 35.07
Interlagos
34.46
33.58
Pedra De Itauna
Salvador Allende
32.36
Gelson Fonseca
30.91
Pontoes Barra Sul
Guignard
04
31.70
Glaucio Gil
29.53 30.24
Recreio Shopping
28.83
28.83
Notre Dame Recanto Das Garcas
24.31 24.91
Guiomar Novaes
Dom Bosco
23.41
Gilka Machado Nova Barra Bemvindo De Novaes
Pontal
22.75
03
27.19 27.70 28.20
Ilha De Guaratiba
20.22
02
26.56
Magarca
Pingo D'agua
Vendas De Varanda
Santa Veridiana
01
10.58
7.45
5.62
3.60
Curral Falso
Retail
Gestao Rangel Cajueiros
Commercial
2.86
Residential
1.66 2.23 896A
Train
BRT Stations
8.45
km
ure intersection
0.00
Unfolding the line: land use and other adjacencies 10
BUS RAPID TRANSIT LINES TRANSOESTE SECTIONAL INDEX A
B
28
Transoeste stops and their urban context Terminal Jardim Oceânico figure ground
streets
unbuilt area
17.9%
32.8%
49.3%
aerial photo
Estação Santa Cruz figure ground
streets
unbuilt area
23.5%
15.9%
60.6%
aerial photo
Estação Novo Leblon figure ground
streets
unbuilt area
29.1%
15.0%
55.9%
aerial photo
Estação Gestao Rangel figure ground
streets
unbuilt area
30.5%
10.0%
59.5%
29
aerial photo
SITE ANALYSIS
Schools
ppl/Ha ppl/Ha
Vargem Pequena Vargem Grande
8
Barra
Recreio 1859 Students Enrolled
ppl/Ha
42 8 VARGENS THE 12 1 DEMOGRAPHICS Population Density Density Population 42 Vargem Grande 12 1 Growth Rate in resident 8 population Area: 3,938.038 Ha Recreio
ppl/Ha ppl/Ha
PopulationVargem Density Grande
Vargem Grande 749 Students Enrolled Recreio
Schools
Vargem Pequena
ppl/Ha ppl/Ha ppl/Ha ppl/Ha Population
Camorim Vargem Grande Vargem Pequena
55.6%
55.6 % 55.6 % 55.6 % 55.6 %
Camorim Copacabana
carepagua Barra Recreio arra arra da da Tajuca Tajuca
rraCopacabana da Tajuca
ppl/Ha
Barra Camorim Copacabana
81 1
ppl/Ha
pacabana Copacabana Barra da Tajuca Barra
Jacarepagua
o de oCopacabana de Janerio Janerio
Jacarepagua
Age Destribution Vargem VargemGrande Grande Vargem Grande
10994 Students Enrolled
Vargem Pequena BarraVargem da Tajuca Grande
ppl/Ha Barra ppl/Ha ppl/Ha
10994 Students Enrolled
Area: 3,065.562 Ha Vargem Pequena Recreio Vargem Pequena Recreio Copacabana 3462 Students Enrolled ppl/Ha Population: 37,572 ppl/Ha Density: >8 inh/Ha Barra Recreio 10994 Students Enrolled Vargem Pequena Population: ppl/Ha (14,039) ppl/Ha Camorim ppl/Ha Camorim Recreio ppl/Ha 885.991 Ha ppl/Ha
Recreio Recreio 1859 Enrolled Vargem Grande 1859 Students Students Enrolled
749 Students Enrolled Vargem Grande Recreio 1859 Students Enrolled
Recreio Recreio
Vargem1859 Grande Students Enrolled
Vargem Vargem Pequena Pequena Recreio 3462 Students Enrolled Enrolled 3462 Students
Camorim 1859 Students Enrolled Area: Vargem Pequena Population: 786 10994 Students Enrolled Recreio Vargem Grande 3462 Students Enrolled Rio de Janerio ppl/Ha Camorim Barra Barra Density: >1.12inh/ha Vargem Pequena Population: (14,039) 3462 Students Enrolled Barra
Copacabana 9.1% Rio de Janerio
Barra Camorim
ppl/Ha
Area: Population: Copacabana Density: Barra Population:
Barra Copacabana Copacabana
-5.2%
17.3%
Rio de Janerio
ppl/Ha Barra
Camorim
Rio de Janerio Copacabana de Janerio
42 42 Vargem Pequena 42 12 12 55.6 % 42 Recreio dos 12 8 Bandeirantes 8 12 81 Camorin 81 1 1 Barra de Tijuca
H 12 3 H 42i
5 5 4212i 5 3.5 1 3.5 53 1251
a popula populatio Peque Grande workin
Copacabana
4,815.063 Ha 92.233 >5.2inh/Ha (14,039)
Ho
ppl/H
in
populatio averag workin Pequena V
749 Students Enrolled 749 Students Enrolled Vargem Grande Vargem Pequena Vargem Grande Schools Population Density 3462 Students Enrolled Barra Vargem Grande Area: 1,443.829 Ha ppl/Ha Barra Recreio 749 Students Enrolled ppl/Ha 10994 Students Enrolled ppl/Ha ppl/Ha Students Enrolled 11,563 Vargem Grande ppl/Ha Vargem Grande1859Population: Vargem Vargem Grande Vargem Pequena PequenaVargem Density:Pequena >12 inh/HaAge Destribution 3462 Students Enrolled ppl/Ha 749 Students Enrolled Population: ppl/Ha (14,039) Vargem Pequena
Copacabana
Jacarepagua
Barra da Tajuca Jacarepagua opacabana opacabana
8 12 1
38.5 % 1 to 19 years
acarepagua acarepagua
1859 Students Enrolled Schools Density Vargem Pequena Vargem GrandeEnrolled 3462 Students Age Destribution Population: 9,306 Vargem Grande 749 Students Enrolled Barra ppl/Ha Density: ppl/Ha > 42 inh/Ha Schools Population Density Recreio 1859 Students Enrolled ppl/Ha Vargem Grande Grande Population: (14,039) (as of 2010) ppl/Ha Vargem
Barra
Barra Recreio Camorim Vargem Pequena
Schools
Schools Barra Population Density
3462 Students Enrolled
7.4 % 20 to 24 years
n
Barra da Tajuca
Recreio
Recreio
popula Grand Growth in w popula since 199 Peque
Vargem Grande
749 Students Enrolled
5
42 12 55
Household Size Age Destribution
Vargem Grande
ppl/Ha
p Growth sinceP1 popula Grande
Barra Vargem AgeGrande Destribution
1859 Students Enrolled
ppl/Ha
Recreio Camorim Vargem Pequena
1 55 42
Household Size
38.5 % 1 to 19 years38.5 % 1 to 19 years 25 to% 3920years 7.4 to 24 years7.4 % 20 to 24 years 38.5 % 1 to 19 years 24.4 % 40 to 59 years 25 to 39 years 25 to 39 years 7.4 % 20 to 24 years 24.4 % 40 to 59 years 24.4 % 40 to 59 years 10.0 % above 60 years 25 to 39 years 10.0 % above 60 years 10.0 % above 60 years 24.4 % 40 to 59 years 38.5 % 1 to 19 years 10.0 % above 60 years 7.4 % 20 to 24 years 25 to 39 years 24.4 % 40 to 59 years 10.0 % above 60 years
4212
Population Density
V
s averag s incom ppl/H
B 53 3.5 11
workingVp
8
B
incom average schoolf
Age Des Agesector Des ppl/Ha
11 53
Ba Age
school sector income m
1 11%
Age Des ppl/Ha
schooling Age D sector
Barra
Barra Barra Vargem Pequena
10994 Students Students Enrolled Enrolled 10994 3462 Students Enrolled
Barra 10994 Students Enrolled
Varge Varge
V
Copacabana Barra 10994 Students Enrolled
Vargem
Barra Copacabana
32
10994 Students Enrolled
Var
THE SITE The area known as “Baixada de Jacarepagua” in Rio de Janeiro, was until the last third of the past century, a spectacular wild scape composed of swamps, wetlands framed by the Tijuca’s mountain chain -“Macizo de Tijuca”. However the blooming city’s economy, massive migration processes and rapid urban growth put enormous pressure in the area. In the 1970’s, Brazilian famous architect Lucio Costa was commissioned by the city of Rio de Janeiro to masterplan a first pilot for the “Baixada”, envisioning it as a new urban centrality, the “hearth” of Rio facing the Atlantic. A linear 20 Kilometers development with high rise residential cores every kilometer, equipped with retail an amenities in a “zig zag” secondary grid, a new city center, and a preservation area containing wetlands, watersheds, pastures and an important biodiversity called Vargens-Camorim. Nowadays, the city’s thriving economy, an unsatisfied demand for 240,000 residential units, and an everyday stronger and more “influential” real estate industry, have put this area in the development plans of the city. Resulting in the special site regulation called PEU 104, which rather than considering the ecological conditions and functions of the remaining local ecosystems, have responded almost exclusively to the needs of the city’s real estate market. Vargens is located in the southern expansion zone of Rio de Janeiro, near Barra de Tijuca and the future 2016 Olympic Village, 40 kilometers far from downtown Rio de Janeiro. It occupies an area of 51.4 square kilometers, almost the same size as Manhattan. The maps in this section detail the Vargem area’s current characteristics. 36% of the site is urbanized, with 22% found in the consolidated area, and 6% in non-consolidated areas. 3% of the developed lands are favelas and the remaining 3% are in cultivated fields. The current transportation network is heavily car oriented, which leads to 200 meter-long urban blocks and streets.
33
PLAN PILOTO FOR BARRA DE TIJUCA BY LUCIO COSTA
Plan plot - Lucio Costa
News reports about Barra
Original model
Original neighborhood plan
The plan comprised of a cohesive study of the past growth of the city and projects the future expansion. It established this region as the node that completes the circuit of development of the city by connecting Madureira and Penha to the core city. It proposed two sub centers of Sernam be Tiba, on the west and Barra on the east with high-rise residential along with public amenities. Further the plan proposed residential nuclei at every kilometer, along the Avenue da Brazil with 34
small retail activity. The public amenities were located on the opposite side and are connected by diagonal road network. This is intermediately intersected by pedestrian pathways. The main center, located on the road connecting Barra to Madurera, was further divided into 16 blocks. The central blocks consist of high rise buildings, 200m, while the peripheral blocks constitute of low rise development.
35
SITE ANALYSIS
EXISTING ROAD CONDITION
Vergen location
Main Road Secondary Road Distributor Road Path
Existing road network
The primary road in Vargems is Avenida das Americas, which defines the southern edge of the site and features the Transoeste BRT line. A secondary road named Estr. dos Bandeirantes winds along the northern edge of the site, following the topography of the foothills. These high volume roads are connected by two distributer roads named Estr. Ver. Alceu de Carvalho and Estr.Benvindo de Novais. Excluding these four roads, much of Vargem’s existing transportation network contains unconnected paths exclusively serving a specific development, and often dead end into wetlands. 36
EXISTING BUILDING TYPOLOGY RESIDENTIAL 4 stories / medium density
8 stories / low density
2 - 13 stories / low density
RETAIL type01, park centered
open space
type02, building centered
parking
frontage
type03, isolated
fence
type 04, continuous
gate
100m x 100m frame
37
SITE ANALYSIS GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS AND CURRENT URBANIZATION
Land cover map
c
c
Ground geological condition
38
Dense forest
alternative sandbank
banana
Media forest
marsh
grove
Initial forest
outcrop with vegatation
scars of collespe
Altered forest
outcrop without vegatation
multi-family
Sandbank/tree/flood
pastagem
uni-family
Sandbank/tree/shrub
degration mangrove
chacaroa us itio
Sandbank/tree/earth
water
favela
c
Soil map
Rio
Mo
rto
MACICO DA PEDRA BRANCA
rtelo
do Po
Canal do Sernanbetiba
Canal
Canal
Canal
rtado
do Co
chas
das Ta
reio ia Rec
Pra
antes andeir
dos B
Urbanization map comersial/service
area of loan
other use mix-used
Consolidated
irregular alotment
Non- intergrated
marela line
Favelas
industrial
Aquaculture
embankment exposed soil quarry
39
SITE ANALYSIS
ZONING REGULATION
Vargens, Camorim, Recreio dos Bandeirantes, Barra da Tijuca and Jacarepaguรก
40
PROJECTO DE ESTRUCTURAÇÃO URBANA(PEU)
41
PRECEDENT STUDIES
IJBURG AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLAND CURRENT ISLANDS
Ijmeer bay
haveneiland (harbour island) haveneiland oost haveneiland west
PROPOSED ISLANDS buiteneiland (outer Island) middeneiland (middle Island) strandeiland (beach Island) centrumeiland (centre Island)
steigereiland (jetty island) rieteiland (reed islands) groot rieteiland kleine rieteiland rieteilanden rieteiland oost
As a part of Amsterdam’s urban waterfront development plan created in 1985, Ijburg island’s design intends to dyke in and reclaim Ijmeer bay with the aim to create a new urban extension. The design is derived from an 1965 linear city expansion plan and converted into a loosely arranged archipelago. Ijburg consists of six islands ranging in size, block size, building typology and land use. The arbitrary shape and composition of the islands is contrasted with the structured grid organizing each island. Within the islands, the basis of the plan is a superimposed urban grid which does not impose a certain look but allows for a balance between order and randomness, cohesion and variation. 44
PRECEDENT STUDIES
175m
100m
80m
KEY street parking private backyards canal
80
m
0m
10
25 meters Typical block plan B (175m x 70-90m) thickening
Axon view of partial block lengthening
dividing
45
UNIVERSITY PARK CAMBRIDGE, USA
Harvard
MIT Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston University
Longwood Medical Area
Developer | Forest City Science + Technology Master Plan | Koetter, Kim + Associates Site Area | 10.9 ha Built Space | 214,000 m2 Green Space | 2.8 ha 670 residential units 350 bed hotel 4,000 jobs
MIT’s University Park is situated in one of the US’s major BioTech hubs. The site’s advanced labs and office spaces are complemented with residential and retail spaces as well as nearby subway and bus stops all within a walkable and bikeable city. 46
PRECEDENT STUDIES
Land Use
Open Space [access]
institutional commercial I commercial II mixed use residential I residential II industrial parking public accessible restricted
47
HAFEN CITY HAMBURG, GERMANY
Housing Sector 1
Capitalizing on visuals
Housing Sector 2
Blocks disposition
Private open space
Hafen is located in the “river city” of Hamburg, featured by its diversity of waterfronts going from the most idyllic character, to historic, elegant, and contemporary, being the Elbe, one the city’s main structuring component. Hamburg’s port, the third most important and busy in Europe is one of the main connectors with Asia. Having created in the area, a highly internationally recognized attractive location for the International business community, aviation industry , leading shipping, logistics and IT corporations which have been establishing headquarters in the area. Hamburg has in the past years, been relocating some industrial and harbour activities, therefore creating space for urban development. It is in one of this opportunities that “Hafen” is born. 48
PRECEDENT STUDIES
Buildings
Green System
Streets 49
NOVARTIS CAMPUS BASEL, SWITZERLAND
Architect 1. Diener + Diener 2. Peter Märkli 3. SANAA 4. Marco Serra 5. Adolf Krischanitz 6. Studio di Architettura 7. José Rafael Moneo Vallés 8. Frank O. Gehry
9. Tadao Ando 10. Fumihko Maki 11. David 12. Yoshio 13. Souto de Moura 14. Álvaro Siza 15. Herzog & de Meuron 16. Juan Navarro 17. Rem Koolhaas
Novartis is transforming the Basel St. Johann industrial complex, including research and production facilities, office buildings and the international headquarters, into a stateof-the-art research, development and management center. Founded on a flexible master plan with long-term goals, a Campus of knowledge and innovation will be developed. 50
PRECEDENT STUDIES
Forum entrance path building waterfront
Physic Garden
Arboretum
The Hanging Garden
Piazzetta
The Park
plan
building
open space
roads
circulation
landuse
frontage
51
green
EASTERN HARBOUR DISTRICT AMSTERDAM, NETHERLAND
This is an urban regeneration project which involves the conversion of the eastern harbour district in Amsterdam into a residential district. The district is built on an idea of recreating traditional Dutch neighborhood and also making use of the water as a designated open space. The study focuses on the Borneo Sporenburg islands which are majority low-rise residential with two high-rise towers accommodating the social housing component. The housing is undertaken by a variety of architects guided by a set of rules and regulations which generates interesting variation in the housing typology. 52
PRECEDENT STUDIES
high rise low rise
built - high rise / low rise
public private public
open - public / private public
vehicular pedestrian
circulation - pedestrian / vehicular
53
BALTIMORE TECHONOLOGY PARK BALTIMORE, USA
Sponsor- Johns Hopkins University Total development cost - $1.8(billion) Implementation - 10 years Area - 0.37 sq. km
Office/research - 0.19 sq. km Retail - 0.007 sq. km Jobs - 4000-6000 Residential units - 1500
The goal of this project is to revitalize and stabilize East Baltimore by generating job opportunities, creating improved housing conditions and serving as a catalyst for economic development for the neighborhood Through the creation of a campus-like setting through out the neighborhood, state and city share incentives to enable the scale of development occur. The life sciences center will be funded through a combination of public and private funds. The public sector (state and municipal) has also committed to improving the site’s infrastructure, and the philanthropic support will support a wide variety of initiatives on site. 54
PRECEDENT STUDIES
55
SINO-SINGAPORE TIANJIN ECO-CITY TIANJING, CHINA
The project develops an“economically sustainable, socially harmonious, environmentally friendly and resource-conserving” city which will become a “model eco and low carbon city replicable by other cities in China”. The Chinese local authority responsible for the overall implementation and coordination of the project is the SinoSingapore Tianjin Eco-City Administrative Committee (SSTECAC). The Eco-city is planned to be collected, with a good mix of land uses and based on Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) principles. 56
PRECEDENT STUDIES
Concept “1 Axis” – this generates the Eco-valley cutting across the Eco-city, which is the green spine of the city. It links up the City Centre, the 2 sub-centres and the 4 districts in the Ecocity, and provides a scenic trail for pedestrians and cyclists. “3 Centres” – this indicates the main City Centre on the promontory on the south bank of the Old Ji Canal and the two sub-centres in the south and the north. “4 Districts” – this refers to the residential districts in the southern, central, northern and north-eastern parts of the Ecocity. Each district contains several housing neighbourhoods with a variety of housing types, as well as their respective commercial and amenity centres serving their communities.
Residential Mixed use Commercial Cultrural Public infrustructure Hospital Eco green Public green Industry
FAR≤0.8 0.8≤FAR≤1.2 1.2≤FAR≤1.6 1.6≤FAR≤2.5 2.5≤FAR≤4.0 FAR>4.0
57
NEW SONGDO CITY SONGDO, SOUTH KOREA
Project size: 572 ha(5.72km2)
Mixed-used Residential: 30.8 ha
Residents: 65,000
Green Space: 208.7 ha
Multi-dwelling Housing: 76.8 ha
Bike Path: 24.6 Kilometers
Neighborhood Amenities: 11.4 ha
Roads: 40 kilometers
International Business: 53.7 ha
Canal: 4 kilometers
Commercial: 4.68ha
SONGDO is planned to be built in ten years. The plan incorporates
varied scales of streets, multiple tree types, building densities, zoning use, and open space configuration. The
vitality of urban condition arises from the variety of experiences that a city offers to its inhabitants. 58
PRECEDENT STUDIES
na
km
Ca
0.8
ls tre
et
no
rth
Incheon Airport
Seoul
S Ce l ra
nt
l
rk
pa n ca al
rk Pa
Ca
na
ls tre
e
et
nu
so
ut
h
ave
Transportation center
b
Incheon subway Water taxi Bike lane Pedestrian zone Extended pedestrian zone Transportation area
hospital semi-residential
office mix-used
residential block
retail mix-used private school central commercial
government center residential mixed-use
residential type one
culture center park+landscape
residential mix-used retail mix-used private school
natural green convention center
semi-residential
residential mix-used
residential type one residential type two
residential block golf course
nature green
59
central commercial
THE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PLAN NEW YORK CITY, USA
The plan includes more than 6.8 million square feet of space for teaching, research, underground parking, and support services. It features new facilities for civic, cultural, recreational, and commercial activity. And its improved, pedestrian-friendly streets and new publicly accessible open spaces will reconnect West Harlem to the new Hudson River waterfront park. This kind of smart growth will not only generate thousands of new local jobs for a diversity of people, but also result in maintaining Upper Manhattan as a world center for knowledge, creativity, and solutions for society’s challenges. 60
PRECEDENT STUDIES
61
ØRESTAD
Orestad south
Orestad city
Amager faelled
Orestad north
COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
Commercial Residential Insituition Offices Unplanned/ Parking
Main Road Metro Railway Secondary Road Inner Road
Green Water/ Canal
Ørestad is a developing city area in Copenhagen, Denmark, on the island of Amager. It is expected that 20,000 people will live in Ørestad, and 80,000 people will be employed in the area. The area is being developed using the new town concept with the Copenhagen Metro as the primary public transport grid, connecting the area with the rest of Metropolitan Copenhagen. Ørestad is noted for its attractive location and excellent infrastructure, which apart from the metro includes Oresund Railway and the Copenhagen Airport as well as the Øresund Bridge close by. The regional Oresundtrains go to Copenhagen Airport in 6 minutes, to Copenhagen Central Station in 7 minutes, and in 29 minutes to the Central Station in Malmö, Sweden’s third largest city. Ørestad has once been referred to as “the largest crossroads in Scandinavia”.
62
PRECEDENT STUDIES
63
DESIGN PROPOSALS
THE EXCHANGE
66
Ecological Infrastructures
Building Community
Recreation Anchor
Cultural Catalyst
Multi - Interligacao
RIO IS A CITY WITHIN THE FOREST. Bordered by iconic mountains and the Atlantic Ocean, the resulting urbanism is simultaneously in synch and out of step with the region’s natural processes across multiple scales. As the city expands into the Vargems sector, an opportunity exists to accommodate the rapidly growing metropolis’ needs while maintaining and celebrating the site’s lush environmental conditions. 67
CONCEPT Three networks of exchange inform and guide the resulting urban interventions :
Ecological The overall site plan is characterized by the exchange of nature into the urbanized fabric and vice versa.
Social
1 Existing Condition
A network of public corridors enables easy access between natural systems, park spaces, residential and commercial centers.
Cultural Cultural anchors are located at the nexus of public corridors and major transportation routes.
4 Preserved Land
Lagoon
Existing built
Sea 68
2 Low Area
3 Consolidated Canals
5 Urban Fingers
6 Public Corridor
Decrease in building intensity
Arterial Road
Canal System
Arterial Road
Conserved Wetlands
Unconsolidated Development
Avenue (BRT)
69
STRATEGY
Ecological Corridor
Clustering
Diversity
Connectivity
Cohesiveness
Sustainablility
Resilience
Exchange is defined by an ecological corridor that stretches east to west across nearly the entire site. The breadth of this system is derived from the core principles of Landscape Ecology, which aims to achieve true environmental integrity through the conservation of land in a manner which favors size and distribution of a site’s natural environment. 70
Street Corridor
6.0000
7.0000
2.3000
2.6000
3.6000
7.0000
2.3000
3.7000
6.0000
7.0000
1.6000
7.0000
3.6000
4.5000
6.0000
1.8000
2.3000
10.6000
2.3000
2.3007
7.7000
23.5000
31.5000 34.3000
4.5000
1.8000
2.3000
8.3000
1.8000
4.5000 3.0000 4.5000
2.3000
10.6000
2.3000
2.3000
8.1000
2.3000
1.8000
3.0000
4.5000
3.0000
2.3000
8.1000
16.2000 19.9000
14.4000
21.2000
It is in this sense that the proposal basically considers an “Integrated network� able to work as both a Feeder system (in relation to the BRT) and an Internal auxiliary network able to connect the local generators and destinations which are part of the integral urban design proposal (Recreational spaces, civic center, educational facilities, and residential centralities). 71
2.3000
3.0000
1.8000
4.5000
STRATEGY Districts’ Branding district classifications
map - intensity
map - land use
18
The proposed urban program includes public, cultural, leisure and educational facilities, advocated on urban sustainability and the preservation of the natural ecosystems. The program considers also different levels of land use densities and intensity for residential and mixed use activities. (retail, office space, miscellaneous services). High and medium concentrations throughout the transportation serve main arteries and lower densities throughout less hierarchical avenues and streets, provide different type and intensity of retail and commerce on lower floors.
SySTEMS
branding branding
EcoEco lablab
Creative Creative lifelife
EnErgy, wastE and watEr
pipeline
combined cool and energy plant municipal solid waste / recycle collection tubes city power waste combustion
absorbsion cooling
Water Treatment System
waste to energy
pipeline
electricty
collection system
district cooling
rain water collection
pipeline
Energy System waste water treatment
20 20
grey water treatment tank
potable water
17 pipeline
Research Research treatment plant
water hyacinth
treatment plant
fresh water supply
Arts Arts Dialogue Dialogue
Education Education
Culture Culture
wetlands
SySTEMS
72
grey water
Conservation Conservation
Exchange
Exchange
life
Community life
Civic Anchor Civic Anchor
Civic Anchor Business Gateway Business Gateway
Busine
21
Family
Health
Health
Development Health Development
Development
Interaction
Service
Service
Technology Service Technology
Technology
Recreation
Connectivity
Connectivity
SynergyConnectivity Synergy
Synergy
73 SySTEMS
SySTEMS
Exchange
STRATEGY Public Corridor
Development Matrix: Taxonomy of Blocks + Building Typologies Program
Residential
Office
Retail
Educational
Civic
Cultural
Health
Industrial
Detached
Row
Tower
Perimeter Block Open
Perimeter Block Closed
Slab Block
Bridge
Elevated
No Parcel
One Parcel
Multi-Parcel
Multi-Parcel: Right of Way
Adjacencies
Transportation
Canal
Wetland
Park
Plaza
Pedestrian Pathway
Storm Water Management
Density
Low
Medium
High
100% (open)
75% (4)
50% (2-3)
25% (1)
0% (0)
1-3
4-6
7-12
City Government
Non-Profit Organizations
Private Developers
Environmental Groups
Corporate Interest
Plaza
Park
Recreational
Building Typology
Block Typology
Permeability (entries) Height (stories)
Unit of Development
Actors
Public Programs (within blocks)
74
Educational Institutions
Corridor Interaction
Building
Transportation
Social green
Preserved green
Flow Inaccessible to across
Commercial - Public Corridor - Canal Green Corridor
Flow - accessible to across
Transportation infrastructure - Commercial - Green Corridor - Canal - Residential
Storage
Flow - Storage
Commercial - Transportation Infrastructure - Public Corridor - Canal - Preserved land
A network of public corridors links the site’s ecological corridors with cultural centers and other social spaces to provide a pedestrian oriented amenity. These corridors typically cut perpendicular to larger blocks, increasing walkability while maintaining the street grid. 75
STRATEGY Stakehoder Analysis
actors
:
Organizations Private Sector
ers : D
Technical support (consultancy, cooperation).
Government Real Estate Developers
sco. Mayor City Council Dep. of Housing and Urban Development
Project Specialists (UD,...) Approval
Dep. of Transportation Env. Department
Approval
1. Master Plan + Environmental study 2. Project Development
Project financing
Investors International -O’s ITAU Bradesco Banco de Brasil CAIXA
Investment in conservation of Natural Resources
s and
o de Janeiro: CM
d Urban
ion - DOT
IMPLEMENTATION (Public Infrastructure)
IMPLEMENTATION (Private investments)
IMPLEMENTATION (Green Infrastructure)
Utilities Infrastructure
Housing-mixed use Developments
Wetlands restoration
Transportation Infrastructure
Commercialp-mixed use Developments.
Water system cleaning.
Retail-mixed use developments.
Water system conservation.
Green Infrastructure*
Economical / Social / Environemant REVENUE
estment acilitators
76
Federal - State - City ifrastructure investment Private transit operators investment International Non Governmental and Governmental organizations investment Areas for NGO’s mediation due to land aquisition and displacement issues Areas for intervention of the private Real State sector
SySTEMS
Exchan
For the implementation of this program, the proposal has considered involving three fundamental key agents: The public (Governo do Estado and Prefeitura da Cidade) and the private sectors ;principally the Real estate sector, private universities and Investor Banks (Caixa, Banco de Brasil) with expertise in managing the whole “private development� process with and within the standards provided by the Government. The third agent will be represented by national and international organizations (The World Bank) interested in contributing (with capacities and economical resources) to the preservation and implementation of the green infrastructural component. All these agents can be able to work cooperatively through the implementation of a large scale urban endeavor of this type.
77
SCHEME
Eco Lab
78
Creative Life
Community Life
Civic Anchor
Business Gateway
79
ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURES Timothy Bevins A framework for ecological resilience is established with an overarching site plan that evokes moments of natural systems extending into the urbanized fabric and vice-versa. Wetlands are remediated and augmented with a system of islands capable of supporting species that both clean and slow incoming water from the mountains. A network of promenades, public spaces and trails bring users into this functional landscape, but do not tread heavily upon the natural systems.
80
THE EXCHANGE Focus area
81
ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURES PROGRAMS
Site Conditions - High Water Levels
As it enters the urban fabric, this system is channelized in a system of public canals with programed spaces that function as flood reservoirs during heavy storm events. 82
THE EXCHANGE Focus area
wetland and park
residential structures and cafe
elementary school and mixed use units
office towers adjacent to primary travel corridor
The result is a green infrastructure network which provides critical water management services, ties into the larger ecological framework and creates an experiential urban element that operates on multiple scales. 83
CULTURAL CATALYST Justin Garrison Rio de Janeiro rich cultural heritage and natural settings are hallmarks of the city’s identity. In this proposal, these two systems are tightly integrated yielding a networked exchange between the built and ecological surroundings while providing a cultural anchor for the Vargems area. The site’s cultural programs are positioned along a corridor extending from the main transit line towards a promenade facing the conservation area. The proposal defines a dynamic soft edge for the urban and ecological interchange where wetlands extend into the urbanized areas under responsive building typologies, and specific programs expand to the ecological area and build the ground.
86
F
b
THE EXCHANGE Focus area
B B
E
A 1b D
C
2a
2b
a 2a
1a
87
CULTURAL CATALYST CONCEPT
F E D
C
B B
A
Cultural Anchors A Eco-Museum B Theater/Samba School C Convention Center/Hotel D Cultural Center E Office/Library F Business Center
Built & Conserved Wetland’s Exchange
Public Corridor Canal
88
Urban Wetland
Public Corridor
Conserved Wetland
THE EXCHANGE Focus area
B B
F
E
A D
C
Bus Bike Land Bus Stop Bike Stations
Cultural Anchors / Main Transit
1b
2a
2b
2a
1a
Social Programs 1a: Recreation Center 1b: Eco-Museum Living Conditions 2a: Urban Wetland 2b: Wetland Boardwalk Public Corridor
Built & Conserved Wetland’s Exchange / Public Corridor 89
Main Ave | Transit Stop
Office | Library
Cultural Plaza
Spray Plaza
Public Corridor
Mark
ket Plaza
Amphitheater
Eco-Museum
Conserved Wetland
MULTI-INTERLIGACAO Cesar Simborth Escudero MULTI-INTERLIGACAO or “Multiple Interconnections”, is the name given to one of the moments in the Overall’s Vargem’s Master Plan, in which one of the main residential linear transit oriented fingers encounters, interconnects and converges with the “Barra-Recreio” Rio’s urban linear system, now being spined by the new Transoeste BRT corridor. It is in this point that a set of multiple functional interactions between the “new district” and the city are to take place. Dwelling, commuting, shopping, working, services and urban leisure will be the main functions of the area, allowing for different flows of people, economy, energy and nature converge, converse, and interwoven into a place that accounts for not only a point of entrance for the new macro development proposed, but a new destination for the area of “BarraRecreio dos Bandeirantes” in the South-West of Rio de Janeiro, which is currently a large 20 kilometers linear residential expansion still dependents on the city’s main attractions far North and East.
92
THE EXCHANGE Focus area
93
MULTI-INTERLIGACAO PLAN / SECTIONS
Colector Street
Local Street 1
Local Street 2
Section 2-2 94
95
Section 1-1
96
97
RECREATION ANCHOR Shuqi He The proposal for this district explores the interplay between the dynamic condition of the public space along the water spine and the social life in the district. The site is located in a transitional area where the existing urban fabric merges with the proposed finger scheme, and the streams and biking path coming from the mountains find their way to the conservation lands. The project strategy articulates a series of residential, commercial and recreational uses along the network of open spaces, and capitalizes on water as both resource and amenity. Two systems of public promenades negotiate the multiple scales of water on site: (1) a series of courtyards register the flow across the urban grid, and (2) a series of topographical platforms incorporate multiple recreational areas descending to the lagoon, at the heart of the conservation area.
98
99
RECREATION ANCHOR PLAN
0 10 20 0 50 100
100
50 200
100 M 300 FT
THE EXCHANGE Focus area
PROGRAMS
10
9 2 1 3
4
5
8
6
7
1 2 3 4 5
Main Avenue Central Plaza Waterfront Deck Bridge Water Plaza
6 Sports Field 7 Football Field 8 Library 9 Fitness Center 10 Market 101
Courtyards
Street Canopy
Parking Lot
Street Retails
Walking-through Garden
High-rise Residential
Topographical Platforms
Office Tower
Main Avenue
COMMUNITY LIFE Sneha Lohotekar Housing design can unite as well as divide, it can engage or detach, it can eventually result into a close knit community with its inherent values or enter the shadows of a gated community. This design is an attempt to nurture this engagement into a residential fabric considering the vibrant street life and social context of the city of Rio de Janeiro. It intends to house the diverse categories of people from different economic and social strata along with diverse age groups of Rio de Janeiro’s society. This diversity and engagement is achieved through an conscious hierarchy of public spaces as grounds for interaction The water and the natural edge has a vital role in the revitalizing this public realm.
Collective public space Mixed use commeryia residential courtyard
104
e al and
Collective space Residential courtyard
Semi public space The transverse link
Public space Linear garden along the canal
105
COMMUNITY LIFE PLAN
106
THE EXCHANGE Focus area Number of Households 2,580
Market rate housing 1290
Afforrdable housing 774 Social housing 516
Stratification
Integration
107
COMMUNITY LIFE BLOCK TYPOLOGY Residential
Commerical
Exposed concrete
108
Glass
Exposed brick
Bombacops
sis glabra
THE EXCHANGE Focus area
Residential
Offices Commerical
Paving
Recessed window
Terrace garden
Bombacopsis glabra
109
Water front
Water front
110
Recrational + residential
Courtyard
Semi ment
i baset parking
Courtyard
Retail + Residential
Street
Commercial + Retail
Central semi public courtyard
111
Commercial + Retail
THE BELT
The BELTS proposes a multi-layer scheme to accommodate both the conservation of the rich ecological qualities of the site and the pressing urbanization dynamics that have targeted this area as the next urban frontier in the metropolitan geography. The scheme defines a central green-heart covering the main central wetland, the different BELTS deploy a system of varying densities of development and programmatic funtions: two kinds of recreational 112
uses, a multi-modal transit strip, a green belt, and other institutional and residential layers. As the different BELTS wrap eachother, local centralities emerge in the site offering a distinctive identity to different districts and neigborhoods. Other than the BELTS, the scheme deploys two north to south corridors to ensure transportation and ecological connectivity from the mountains to the ocean. The proposal further develops five prototypical subcenters depicting the main features of the scheme. 113
ISSUE Existing condition
Bus station BRT station Favela Low rise
Site
Mid-rise High rise
+0
Section
n tai
n ou
M in
sin
Pla
Ba in
Pla a
Se
Scale comparison
CONCEPT The multi-layer belt
Ecological belt Residential belt Mixed use belt The loop Nodes/ centers Corridors
The concept of the belt dictates development by defining the specifics urban regulations (land uses and functions) in each layer. The core area is also regarded as a greenheart to preserve the existing wetland and incorporate stormwater remediation functions. In addition, the vertical connections are presented as corridors, linking with the BRT line and transiting from south to north. Overall, the concept allows the Vargen area to grow in a sustainable way.
116
Zoning and density control
70m 25m
80m
35m
Main loop
North-south transit Green+river corridor
Sector B
Sector A
PEU zoning regulation
Strategy
Developing area: 6.2km
Conservation area: 1.6km2
Sector A: 20m height
Developing area: 5.6km2
2
Sector B: 30m height
Natural preservation Developing area: 5.6km2 Overall height: 40m
Skyline Maximum height: 70m Minimum height: 10m
117
STRATEGY Transit line section
10%
100%
35%
15%
15%
15% 52%
50%
15%
23%
55%
46% 38%
23%
25%
15%
15%
32%
60%
Canal
Mixed-use belt
Buildable area:35% Green:50% Infrastructure:15%
Buildable area:52% Green:23% Infrastructure:15%
Loop
Institutional belt
Buildable area:55% Green:20% Infrastructure:15%
Residential
Buildable area:60% Green:25% Infrastructure:15%
20%
10%
70%
Canal
Buildable area:35% Green:50% Infrastructure:15%
10%
10%
15%
23%
20% 10%
35% 55%
70%
Residential belt Buildable area:35% Green:55% Infrastructure:10%
118
Institutional belt Buildable area:70% Green:20% Infrastructure:10%
65%
Buildable area:60% Green:25% Infrastructure:15%
Green corridor section
100%
20%
48%
20%
38%
10% 40% 50%
Mixed-use belt Buildable area:40% Green:50% Infrastructure:10%
15
%
100%
15%
23%
5%
5%
38%
46%
100%
15% 35%
55%
95%
Canal
Buildable area:55% Green:20% Infrastructure:15%
Green:90% Infrastructure:10%
46%
50%
Office belt
Green heart
15%
100%
15%
20%
Buildable area:35% Green:50% Infrastructure:15%
23%
38%
46%
To P edr ad
100%
eG
usr abb
a
5%
20% 10%
10%
Green heart
Green:90% Infrastructure:10%
70%
50%
Recreational belt Buildable area:35% Green:50% Infrastructure:15%
10% 25%
30%
40%
95%
60%
10%
65%
Loop
Canal
Buildable area:60% Green:30% Infrastructure:10%
Buildable area:35% Green:50% Infrastructure:15%
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SYSTEMS STRATEGY
0
0.5
0
1 0.5
2
4 km
1
2 mile
Brt stations Current brt stations Proposed bus stops Main transit station Existing main roads
Transportation
0 0
0.5
1 0.5
2
4 km
1
2 mile
Water system and urban service location 120
Existing bus routes Proposed main roads Main loop[ propsed bus route] Secondary roads Inner roads
civic emergency health education retail
7% Recreational 10% Retail 15% Green infrastructure 15% Institutional 18% Commercial 35% Residential
Land use distribution
Program 121
SYSTEMS STRATEGY
Pump Wastewater Treatment Plant Heat Pump
GARBAGE
HAZARDOUS
LARGE FURNITURE
CLASS/MENTAL PAPER
BIO
Water
Fertilizer
Heating
Biofuel
Electricity
Clean/Cool Water
Heating
Energy recycling and waste management
Pipeline
Passive design ventilation, summer 122
Food
Energy
PAPER
GLASS/MENTAL
BIO Large Biogas Plant
LARGE FURNITURE
y
HAZARDOUS
GARBAGE Collection Center in Vagen
+
Second hand factory
Hospital
Landfill
Passive design ventilation, winter 123
Market
BLOCK TYPOLOGIES
Commercial Land coverage: 45%
Commercial Land coverage: 43%
Residential Land coverage:41%
Residential Land coverage: 51%
Mixed use Land coverage:51%
Mixed use Land coverage: 50%
124
LANDSCAPE TYPOLOGIES
125
SCHEME
Es tr.
d
A3
A1
A2
B1 B2
as Av. d
A
do
To
Pe n
ha /G IG
Ai
rp
or t
Morra do morro
s
Ba
nd
ei
ra n
te s
s
de
i
nv
Be tr. s E
o nd
ai ov
N
ricas
Ame
Lagoa de Marapendi
0
0
0.5
1
0.5
2 km
1 mile
THE GREEN CORRIDOR Jia Weng This proposal is located along one of the green corridors connecting the mountains with the Green Heart, the conservation area, and it places water infrastructure as the backbone of the strategy for urbanization. The proposal addresses the need to reserve space for the existing streams to perform a regulatory function in the storm water management strategy as a central element in the prevention of flooding. While responding to the pressures of growth and additional housing units, this area offers lower densities than surrounding districts. As a counterpoint, the proposal introduces a multi-scalar system of storm water management techniques from the scale of the whole corridor to the one of the block.
128
129
COMMUNITY LIFE STRATEGY The green corridor Residential belt Loop Institutional belt Mixed-use belt Recreational belt The green heart
10m
50m
100m
150m
0m 30ft
130
100ft
450ft
THE EXCHANGE Focus area
Green structure Green corridor Loop Institutional belt Water connection
Transportation Loop Secondary street Inner circulation Path Bike path Walkway Bus stop
p
Parking structure location
Work/live life style Water retain Accessibility Walk- ability Open space utilization Carbon reduction Ecological conservation Social integration
131
COMMUNITY LIFE DATA
Affordable housing
Block area: 12,180 sqm Buildable area: 59.2 sqm Coverage: 48.5% FAR: 2.8
4% 31%
1 to 19
33%
+ Social housing Market rate housing
20 to 24 25 to 39 40 to 59 60 and upper
6% 26%
1 to 19 20 to 24 25 to 39 40 to 59
Housing units: 392.5
60 and upper
17% 26% 1 bed room 2 bed room 3 bed room
57%
1 bed room
1 bed room 45sqm
2 bed room 3 bed room
2 bed room 65sqm
3 bed room 85sqm Parking ratio: 67% Parking area:3944.6
132
THE EXCHANGE Focus area
BLOCK DESIGN GUIDELINE
Facing west Double skin facade
Residential- Balcony 1-3m Linear window Parking space
133
Each block need to have one parking structure with a parking ratio of 67%
Ground floor retail Ground floor retail are encouraged to setback 1.5-3m on main street
Wooden deck
Sidewalk, 3-5m Ecological wet land
133
COMMUNITY LIFE LANDSCAPE
Residential belt Elementry school Kindergarden Loop
Residential belt
Institutional belt
Block storm water management
Loop
23% 100%
46%
38% Mixed use belt
134
Institutional belt
15% Residential belt
10% Canal belt
THE EXCHANGE Focus area
Mixed-use Residential Institutional belt Green corridor Elementry school
100%
Mountain
135
LIVE WORK DISTRICT Dongye Liu This district spans along the transit line, north of the Green Heart, and aims to achieve a walkable urban neighborhood with a mix of residential, commercial and institutional uses. The urban grid registers the different belts running across the transit line, and adopts different configurations of public space and building typologies to participate in their different natures. From South to North, the proposal adapts to respond to different adjacencies: it hints on potential relationships with the Green Heart, and merges with the existing fabric in its way to the mountains.
136
137
LIVE WORK DISTRICT PROGRAMS Existing Favela
Recreational center
Day care Center
Playground
Community School
Office
Restaurant & Cafe Sport fields
Playground
Office
Retails
Shopping Center
Scenery Mixed use
138
THE EXCHANGE Focus area
Land use
Landscape
Traffic Transit line Loop Bike lane Car Parking on street Parking in building
Landscape Soft edge Hard pavement Water tank Storm water circulation
Land use Restidential Mix use Commercial Curtural Public facility
Traffic 139
LIVE WORK DISTRICT TYPOLOGY
140
Plaza
Commercial
Residential
Residential
THE EXCHANGE Focus area
Soft edge Planting roof Water collection Hard edge
Water Filtration
141
142
143
THE RECREATIONAL WATERFRONT BELT Yu-Hsiang Lin The Recreational Waterfront district signals the transition from the urbanized multi-layered belts to the Green Heart, the central conservation area at the core of the site. Anchored by two of the north south connectors, this district incorporates a series of commercial, residential, cultural and recreational uses, and articulates different opportunities to experiencing the ecological reserve. In the Waterfront Belt, the urban grid loosens up: the landscape is set in motion and it creates new ways to inhabit, interact and experience these hybrid grounds. The Recreational Waterfront articulates a dynamic common ground inspired in the Rio de Janeiro beach culture: attractive and well-designed open spaces that add amenity-rich destinations for residents and visitors alike, facilitate social interaction, and improve ecological biodiversity.
144
145
LIVE WORK DISTRICT STRATEGY
The grid in copacobana
The grid proposed on the site
CONCEPT
Not well-define boundary
146
Soft the edge
Occupy the edge
THE EXCHANGE Focus area Commercial Concert hall
Office Visitor centre
Exhibition
Residential
BUILDINGS
Bike lane
LAND USE Water basin
Water basin
Observation deck
PROMENADE Stone step bench fixe to wall
Pedestrian path Observation deck Wooden decking
Stone step bench fixe to wall Staircase Staircase Staircase
Soccer field
WATERFRONT Grass
Vegetal
Soccer field
Tennis court
Meadow
RECREATIONAL
River+green corridor
SOFT EDGE
AXON
North south transit 147
SOFT EDGE
THE GREEN HEART
SOFT EDGE
RECREATIONAL
PROMENADE
VISITOR CENTRE
4 LANE ROAD
OFFICE
THE CENTRAL MARKET Pei Liu This district is one of the new centralities in the Vargens area, at the intersection of one of the north south-transit connectors, and the Central Market Place. The multi-layered belts meet with the transit line in this area and result in a high density area. The loop splits and merges together with the mixed use belt to form a public strip that houses the Central Market and a public plaza. This market spine acts as a public ground and activates surrounding residential and commercial uses and leads to a vigorous mixed life district.
150
151
THE CENTRAL MARKET CONCEPT OF CIRCULATION BELTS
Transit line Green Heart +Recreational belt Mixed-use belt Loop Institutional belt Canal+Recreational belt
152
THE EXCHANGE Focus area
Building: Height control
Green connection: Courtyard + Corridor
Accessibility: Pedestrian
Transportation: Transit + Loop
153
Loop
Mixed-use
Central Market
Transit
Public Plaza
Mixed-use
Mixed-use
Loop
THE DOWNTOWN GATEWAY Chi-An Wu The Downtown District signals one of the south gateways to “the Belts” in the Vargens area. This new centrality holds higher densities than the surrounding districts and capitalizes on the high transit accessibility from both the Transoeste BRT line and other local bus lines. Following a south-north transect, the system of multi-layered belts in this area registers a storm water regulatory water canal, residential grounds, the infrastructural loop, a retail and office strip, and recreational programs facing the green heart. Building on the high density of the district, the “belts” strategy becomes three-dimensional and articulates different levels of porosity in the building typologies to ensure urban block permeability and visual connectivity across the site.
156
157
THE DOWNTOWN GATEWAY BLOCK TYPOLOGY
Double skin facade ( facing north or west)
Roof Garden
Accessibility of passing through blocks
Green facade
Storm water management Parking
158
THE EXCHANGE Focus area Roof garden
Housing
Mixed use (offices+ housing)
Parking (300~350 parking units)
Mixed use (retail+offices)
Building footprint: 4000m2 Total floor area: 100,000m2
Block size: 100 X 80 m Courtyard: public &private ownership
159