La Cornisa de Tetuán: Alternatives for the Paseo de la Dirección

La Cornisa de Tetuรกn

Paseo de la Direcciรณn: An integral transformation towards a more sustainable urban model for the Tetuรกn District

2017-2018 PARALLEL URBAN WORKSHOP Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura Departamento de Urbanística y Ordenación Territorial Master Universitario en Planeamiento Urbano y Territorial

University of Michigan Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning Master of Architecture and Master of Urban Design Master of Urban and Regional Planning

PARTICIPATING STUDENTS AND CONTRIBUTIONS URBAN MOBILITY AND URBAN DESIGN Alexandre Da Silva Faustino (Brasil) Camilo Duque Velásquez (Colombia) Nícolas Guerra Rodrigues Tao (Brasil) Daniela Mancheno Íñiguez (Ecuador) QUALITY OF LIFE Julia Antunez Bernal (España) Teresita María Cerviño (Argentina) José Gerardo Guerrero Periñán (España) Esteban Poole Fuller (Perú) PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Alexis Javier Macías Mendoza (Ecuador) Daniel Alexander Marroquín (USA) Pamela Quezada González (Ecuador) SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES Lizeth Alejandra Ávila Ávila (Colombia) Nicolás Matías Baldovín Saavedra (Chile) Karina Andrea Orozco Salinas (Ecuador) Johana Paola Calle Ortíz (Ecuador) Gabriela Marisol Razo Montenegro (Ecuador) SOCIOECONOMIC ANALYSIS Daniel Aguado Ocampo (Colombia)

CONNECTED: PEOPLE, PLACE AND NEIGHBORHOOD Roberto Astudillo, MLA (USA) Mackenzie Bruce, MArch (USA) Nora Begin, MArch (USA) Ryan Cohn, MArch (USA) Timothy Do, MArch (USA) Shujie Xie, MArch (China) TETUAN-ING: IDENTITY, NETWORKS, GREENING Benny Cruz, MArch (USA) Jingya Guan, MArch (China) Kunheng Han, MUD (China) Bradley Kotrba, MURP (USA) Lei Nie, MURP (China) Junxi Wu, MUD (China) Xiaodi Xu, MURP (China) TCAP: TIME-DRIVEN, CONNECTED, ACCESSIBLE AND PUBLICLY CENTERED Amee Akhilkumar Bhatt, MArch (USA) Emily Burrowes, MURP (USA) Yueru Deng, MArch (China) Kunshi Liu, MArch (USA) Lok Yin Loraine Leung, MArch (China) Naga Sangeetha Polisetti, MArch (India) Vanessa Vedelago, MArch (USA) Srinidhi Venugopal, MUD / MURP (India) Shufan Zhang, MArch (China)

LAYOUT AND GRAPHIC DESIGN Camilo Duque Velásquez

María Arquero de Alarcón

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Madrid City Council + Junta Municipal de Distrito de Tetuán Jose Manuel Calvo Del Olmo, Concejal, Desarrollo Urbano Sostenible Montserrat Galcerán Huguet, Concejala Distrito de Tetuán Emilio Martínez Vidal, Dirección General de Planificación Estratégica Raquel Rodríguez Alonso, Asesora Concejalia Moncloa Aravaca Liaison Junta Municipal and ETSAM DUyOT Guest Lecturers and Site Visits, Madrid Site Workshop Kattalin Aurtenetxe, Fundación Metrópoli Pachi Berrueco, resident, Neighborhood Association member Emilio Martínez Vidal, Madrid City Council Emilio Ontiveros de la Fuente, URJC Isabel Recubenis, Fundación Metrópoli Public Participation Process Sara del Valle and Pablo Fernández

Faculty at Taubman College Scott Campbell Sharon Haar Jen Maigret Kit McCulloug Roy Strickland University of Michigan Sponsors Taubman College Planning, Travel Fund International Institute, Experiential Learning Fund

THIS PUBLICATION IS PART OF THE PROJECT OF ACADEMIC INNOVATION GIE-URBAN NET WORKING WORKSHOP UNWW-UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID, IE1718.0302, E4.

APRENDIZAJE BASADO EN RETOS, PROYECTO DE APRENDIZAJE EN RETOS DE SOSTENIBILIDAD URBANA (PARSU), 2018

FACULTY: COORDINATION AND EDITION Ester Higueras García, Sonia De Gregorio Hurtado and Patxi Lamíquiz, ETSA Universidad Politécnica de Madrid María Arquero de Alarcón, Taubman College University of Michigan

EDITORIAL: FUNDACIÓN GENERAL DE LA UPM WWW.FGUPM.ES

All rights reserved, 2018. © University Politécnica de Madrid and © The Regents of the University of Michigan.

La Cornisa de Tetuán

Paseo de la Dirección: An integral transformation towards a more sustainable urban model for the Tetuán District

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE

008

FOREWORD

010

INTRODUCTION

024

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN AND INTEGRATION WITH THE VALDEACEDERAS NEIGHBORHOOD

044

1. URBAN MOBILITY AND URBAN DESIGN 1.1. Thematic conceptualization 1.2. Examples of Good Practices 1.3. Indicators 1.4. Vision and objectives 1.5. Analysis and diagnosis 1.6. Interventions and strategies

048 049 050 052 053 054 057

2. QUALITY OF LIFE 2.1. Thematic conceptualization 2.2. Interventions and strategies

066 067 068

3. PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 3.1. Theoretical introduction 3.2. General concepts 3.3. Examples of Good Practices 3.4. Current state of the study area 3.5. Interventions and strategies 3.6. Conclusions

078 079 081 086 088 092 098

4. SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES 4.1. Thematic conceptualization 4.2. Interventions and strategies 4.3. Conclusions

100 101 106 120

5. PROPOSAL

122

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PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

THREE ALTERNATE PROPOSALS FOR THE PPRI PASEO DE LA DIRECCIร N TCAP: TIME-DRIVEN, CONNECTED, ACCESSIBLE AND PUBLICLY CENTERED A134 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- Goals and Objectives

A136 A138

2. ANALYSIS AND DIAGNOSIS -- Introduction -- Tetuรกn District and the City Connections -- Site Documentation -- Critical Issues -- Urban Sustainability Framework -- Quality of Life and Inclusive Design -- Case Studies

A140 A142 A146 A148 A149 A150 A152

3. DESIGN PROPOSALS -- Concept and Goals -- Implementation Strategy -- Illustrative Plan -- Paseo de la Direcciรณn: Streetscapes -- Design Diagrams -- Open Space Programs -- Landscape Types -- Building Types -- Transportation -- Viewscape -- Areas of Opportunity -- The Anchors -- Paseo-Parque Connection on the Former Recycling Site -- The Cantilever the Canal -- Cantueso the Neighborhood -- West Cornice Front -- South Cornice Front

Table of Contents

A154 A155 A156 A158 A166 A167 A168 A170 A174 A176 A180 A184 A188 A190 A192

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“CONNECTION: PEOPLE, PLACE AND NEIGHBORHOOD”

B196

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- Goals and Objectives

B198 B200

2. ANALYSIS AND DIAGNOSIS -- Introduction -- Site Documentation -- Critical Issues -- Urban Sustainability Framework -- Quality of Life and Inclusive Design -- Case Studies -- Genzyme Center (Berkeley) -- District de Gracia (Barcelona) -- Garden Des Sants (Barcelona)

B203 B208 B210 B212 B214 B216 B217 B218 B219

3. DESIGN PROPOSAL -- Concept and Goals -- Implementation Strategy -- Design Diagrams -- Bike Racks / Paths + Bus System -- Parking Diagram + Street Intervention -- Landscape Types -- Building Types -- Reimagining The Cornisa de Tetuán -- Areas of Opportunity -- Human-Scapes -- The Green Expansion -- Growing with Community -- The Aquatheater -- Adorning the Cornice -- The Groundforum -- The Platform

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B220 B221 B222 B224 B226 B228 B230 B232 B236 B238 B240 B244 B246 B250

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

“TETUAN-ING: IDENTITY, NETWORKS, GREENER”

C252

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- Planning Objectives -- Design Objectives

C254 C256 C258

2. ANALYSIS AND DIAGNOSIS -- Introduction -- Critical Site Issues -- Urban Sustainability Framework -- Quality of Life and Inclusive Design -- Case Studies

C260 C262 C264 C266 C268

3. DESIGN PROPOSAL -- Concept and Goals -- Implementation Strategies -- Illustrative Plan -- Diagrams -- Building Identity & Cultural Programming -- Increasing Connectivity -- Greening the District -- Areas of Opportunity -- Parque Agustin Rodriguez Sahagún -- La Avenida -- El Mirador -- El Frijol -- El Nexo -- La Salida -- Centro Recreativo -- Centro Deportvo

C272 C273 C274 C276 C278 C280 C282 C286 C290 C292 C294 C296 C300 C304

BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

C306

Table of Contents

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Figure 01-02. Group photos during the field trip to Madrid including visits to Madrid Rio and working session at ETSAM PARALLEL WORKSHOP ETSAM UPM+TAUBMAN COLLEGE UM

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PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

PREFACE

2017-2018 PARALLEL WORKSHOP: ETSAM UPM + TAUBMAN COLLEGE UM

This document summarizes the 2017-2018 Parallel Workshop Initiative between the Master in Urban and Territorial Planning at the School of Architecture at Madrid Polytechnic University and Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning at the University of Michigan.

The initiative is framed by two institutional agreements defining a shared agenda between the Polytechnic University of Madrid, the Madrid City Council and the University of Michigan. Working across neighborhood and district scales, the workshop explores strategies of urban regeneration and integration to achive sustainable, innovative and feasible proposals in the case study “Paseo de la Dirección,” Madrid.

The agreement signed with the Madrid City Council (Dirección General de Estrategia de Regeneración Urbana) includes these objectives: - Evaluation of urban planning solutions with sustainability criteria

- Improvement of the energy efficiency and solar urbanism of the neighborhood.

- Management measures and active participation strategies.

- Sustainable mobility and walkable city.

- Urban design of public space approaches with sustainability criteria.

On the other hand, the agreement signed with Taubman College University of Michigan includes these academic objectives: - Show critical comprehension of the principles and significant theories concerning sustainable cities, urban and rural regeneration within historical and geographical contexts.

- Demonstrate conceptual understanding of the drivers and the processes through which cities are influenced and strategies for the regeneration.

- Analyze and develop critiques of policies when applied to regeneration proposals including the critical appreciation of Preface

stakeholders’ perspectives.

- Evaluate regulatory strategies integrating social, economic and environmental issues.

- Evaluate critically real-life solutions to specific regeneration schemes.

- Propose alternate initiatives to regeneration policy and strategy.

Over the course of the semester, the Parallel Workshop introduces theoretical content and an applied, project-based exercise addressing the agenda of urban sustainability. Working in collaboration throughout the semester, participating students bring a wide range of disciplinary and professional backgrounds to inform their proposals.

The semester included a one-week field trip in Madrid, where students engaged in site documentation, lecture by experts, working time and presentations. Over the course of the semester, the course has engaged technology to share ongoing progress and generate the final proposals.

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FOREWORD

THE ECOLOGICAL CHALLENGE OF THE PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN Ester Higueras, Doctor Arquitecto, Profesora el Departamento de de Urbanística y Ordenación del Territorio. ETSAM-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

The city should be the solution to the ecological problems of the 21st century. The consolidated European city faces important challenges that will lead to a new urban structure, especially of public spaces, green areas and material and energy closer loops. The consolidated city has proved its resilience through all the centuries, but now it is the ecological challenge that will mark a new integrated project to achieve simultaneous and holistic objectives; among which stands out the improvement of the environmental conditions of the public areas, with less pollutants; microclimatic wellness areas, with adequate thermal comfort conditions in winter and summer; proximity land uses and pedestrian mobility, by a new concept of green corridors.

The green infrastructure (European Union 2011), achieves that by 2020, the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of ecosystem services in European countries should be stopped and restored

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as far as possible. This will be the highest EU contribution to the fight against the loss of global biodiversity and Climate Change. Green infrastructures are forests, rivers, coastal areas, parks, ecological corridors and other natural or semi-natural elements essential for the provision of ecosystem services (European Commission 2011). They must configure a continuous network of urban and territorial green areas, hierarchical and connected by natural elements (mainly rivers) or artificial (eco-bridges).

These ecological structures are already a reality in several cities around the world, such as the Green and blue Brussels network, the green network of Hamburg, the green London Grid, the biodiversity network proposed for the city of Chicago and its region, the Biotope area of Berlin, the transformation of Green gray infrastructures of the city of Portland, the green Ring of Ontario, the Green Rings of the city of Cologne, the Green Ring of Ottawa, or the Green

Infrastructure Plan of Stockholm, among the most relevant. In Spain, the green infrastructure of Vitoria-Gasteiz stands out, which will complement its prestigious Ring-Green (25 years in 2018 of its creation), and Zaragoza´s Green Infrastructure, which proposes a good articulation of ecological, green and environmental elements between the city and its surroundings, thanks to the Ebro river.

But what about Madrid. Can these goals be achieved in the consolidated city, in a neighborhood like Vadeacederas, in the district of Tetuán? The answer is affirmative for various reasons.

The neighborhood has some very positive intrinsic factors; First, it has a close relationship with the previous topography of the place.

The self-built-up dwellings were located following the structures of roads, sidewalks, ditches and existing troughs. There were no major level movements. This

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Figure 03. Source: 2018 © Google Street view, panoramic view of the neighborhood with the Agustín Rodriguez Sahagún Park, and the Sierra de Guadarrama at the back

circumstance means that today, some streets can be differentiated from the residential fabric through which water runoffs go. And this is a great strength that will help to structure a new “blue infrastructure” in the area, and that will help to connect it with the surroundings and regional areas. Likewise, we find the slope-cornice of the Paseo de la Dirección, which could become a great viewpoint for recreational use by neighbors. The cornice already has many positive factors, since it is a wide street, with magnificent views to the Sierra del Guadarrama, sunny in winter and with breezes in summer and with the large park of Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún adjoining it.

But also, urgent improvement actions are needed to be solved, since there are very few open spaces with environmental quality, there are no connections between the streets of the neighborhood and the present Park with important slopes; and we must solve the local microclimate (shade

in summer, more vegetation and control of the cold winds of the Sierra in winter). In Barcelona, a Biodiversity Plan 2020, has been proposed for the city in which specific solutions appear to link the mountain areas with the city and the sea through environmental corridors. In this sense, the streets of the Valdeacederas´ area must become something similar, adapted to the identity of the place. There are very narrow streets, in which the car-pedestrian coexistence must be completely reformulated.

Likewise, the vegetation of the neighborhood should be increased, with innovative solutions, such as green roofs, vegetable façades, diverse shaded structures with flowers, more presence of urban ornamental and productive gardens, proximity gardens for neighbors, educational horticultural areas next to schools, etc... all complemented with a recreational, cultural and sports network, that comes to supply the current deficits.

Foreword

The construction of new residential homes (either owned or rented) and all the new facilities that must be built-up in located opportunity areas, can only be seen as an excellent opportunity to add variety and diversity to the neighborhood. All of them, should be buildings of almost null conventional energy consumption, with suitable bioclimatic design, that would help to generate a space where the cycles of materials and energy should be closed-up.

Finally, for the urban water cycle, other complementary actions are also necessary to be adopted, such as increasing the permeability of the paved streets, to transform the present current 10% of permeability into at least 25% or 50% in those streets of natural runoff from rainwater. Increase the number of trees, so that the density of trees per street section goes from the current 15-20% to a minimum of 50%; and finally, improve the resident´s perception of urban green, different circumstances such as topography,

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Figure 04. Source: 2018 © Google Street view, Agave street at Valdeacederas´ neighborhood. Narrow street with steep slope and cut to motor traffic, for the existence of a large gap that ends with stairs that make it inaccessible to many of the local residents.

and the difficult accessibility to the Park reduces the ratio today lower than 10%, where there is real spatial proximity. The new green facades, green roofs, incorporation of flowers, urban gardens with aromatic plants, and the presence of flowers in all the balconies,

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will help to create the new green configuration of the streets of Valdeacederas, and will improve the physical and psychological well-being of all the residents of the neighborhood. The ecological challenge of the Paseo de la Dirección will start to make sense.

References Agència d’Ecologia Urbana de Barcelona y Red de Redes de Desarrollo Local Sostenible.

2012. Sistema de Indicadores y Condicionantes Para Ciudades Grandes y Medianas. Ministerio de

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino (Gobierno de España).

Agencia Europea del Medio Ambiente. 2011. Green Infrastructure and Territorial Cohesion. Technical Report, num.

18. Copenhagen.

Ajuntament de Barcelona.

2013. Plan Del Verde y de La Biodiversidad de Barcelona 2020.

Medi Ambient i Serveis Urbans - Hàbitat Urbà (Ajuntament de Barcelona).

Atalaya. 2017. Plan Director de La Infraestructura Verde de Zaragoza.

Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Sostenibilidad del Ayuntamiento de Zaragoza.

Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Vitoria-Gasteiz. 2012. El Anillo verde interior : Hacia una Infraestructura Verde Urbana en Vitoria-Gasteiz. Documento de trabajo (marzo).

Coles, Richard, y Maria Caserio.

2001. “Social Criteria for the Evaluation and Development

of Urban Green Spaces.” En Development of Urban Green Spaces to Improve the Quality of Life in Cities and Urban Regions.

URGE Project.

Comisión Europea. 2014.

Construir Una Infraestructura Verde Para Europa. Luxemburgo: Oficina de publicaciones oficiales de la Unión Europea.

Comisión Europea. 2010. “Una Infraestructura Verde.” En Naturaleza. Luxemburgo: Oficina Publicaciones de la Unión Europea.

Dirección General de Urbanismo y Estrategia Territorial de la Comunidad de Madrid. 2010.

Planificación de La Red de Corredores Ecológicos de La Comunidad de Madrid. Memoria Final. Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Vivienda y Ordenación del Territorio de la Comunidad de Madrid.

Comisión Europea. 2011.

Estrategia de la UE sobre la Biodiversidad hasta 2020.

Luxemburgo: Oficina de Publicaciones de la Unión Europea.

Comisión Europea. 2012. The Multifunctionality of Green Infrastructure. Bristol: Science Communication Unit, University of the West of England.

Comisión Europea. 2013.

“Infraestructura verde: mejora del capital natural de Europa”.

En Comunicación de la Comisión al Parlamento Europeo, al Consejo, al Comité Económico y Social Europeo y al Comité de las Regiones. Núm. 249 final.

Bruselas.

Foreword

Hansen, Rieke, Emily Rall, E. Chapman, Werner Rolf, Stephan Pauleit(eds.). 2017. Urban Green Infrastructure Planning: A Guide for Practitioners. Munich: Green Surge.

Higueras, Ester. 2006. Urbanismo Bioclimático. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili.

Salvador Palomo, Pedro. 2003.

La Planificación Verde en las Ciudades. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili.

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SOME REMARKABLE TEACHABLE MOMENTS OF THE URBAN WORKSHOP IN TETUÁN FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF PLANNING, URBAN DESIGN, MOBILITY AND GOVERNANCE Francisco Lamíquiz Daudén, Profesor Ayudante Doctor. MUPUT, ETSAM. UPM The district of Tetuán was a selfbuilt neighborhood outside the Madrid’s Ensanche moat, that during almost 100 years collected a good portion of the non-solvent demand migrating to the capital city. As such, its buldings and streets have numerous urbanenvironmental deficiencies and still ask for integrated environmentalurban policies such as those described in the writings of Profesors Ester Higueras, María Arquero and Sonia de Gregorio.

This text focuses on some of the design and planning and mobility policies taken, probably a more instrumental aspect but I think, a particularly significant for the understanding of the urban planning exercise that we proposed to the students.

The problems of the urban structure of the neighborhood are due not only to the fact that its streets were not designed for the automobile, but to its large size as an urban fragment. In the vision of C. Buchanan, traffic in town, due to these factors, the area offers

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very few collector streets capable of channeling access traffic to the neighborhood and make it a great obstacle to East-West mobility of Madrilians. In fact, it hinters, the daily transfer between central Madrid (Paseo de la Castellana) and the residential neighborhoods of Puerta de Hierro, El Pilar or those at the A-6 corridor, the origin of many of the people working at downtown offices. Still more, the fact that two major road solutions have been recently built in the área, offer excelent teaching opportuniteis. These are a new tunnel under Marqués de Viana Street and the redesing of Paseo de la Direccion itself. Both of them show how sectoral logics, in this particular case, an automobile centered planning, could be one of the major problems for effective interventions in the city and they will be used to conduct this introductory text.

The first road project, the Sor Ángela de la Cruz tunnel under Marqués de Viana Street, it’s part of the high-capacity corridor

joining central Madrid and the first orbital highway, M-30. It is a great engineering work already planned in 1967, that has improved the área by burying through traffic and by allowing to expand Parque Rodriguez Sahagún, but at the cost of eliminating the direct link of the neighborhood and the park itself, something more important for locals.

At the same time, the selected área offers the opportunity to compare the solution of the aforementioned tunnel with that of the other major East-West axis that was opened through the neighborhood in the 90´s, the Avda. De Asturias, another of link of central Madrid and M-30. This was a much more complex urban operation, using a urban regeneration approach and managing to create a new fabric in which to relocate the local population and accommodate other uses consistent with its new metropolitan function. And instead of a tunnel, the operation was structured along a “Great Street”,

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

Figure 05. Old Master Plan of Madrid with the Arterial Road Network planned in 1967 (detail)

a boulevard with arcades, a central high capacity road, wooded pedestrian tertials and service roads.

This integral urban strategy has been reformulated in the workhsop with the emphasis on actions not only on the edge but for the entire neighborhood, providing students with analysis tools and proposals according to the complexity of the population,

the topography and urban layout of this neighborhood.

Regarding the second operation, the redesign of Paseo de la Dirección street, its redisgn has brougth to the neighborhood an accessibility shot from the west that was fully lacking. The new Paseo has been designted as a high-capacity axis running along the city´s edge over the park and dealing with an ungrateful

Foreword

topography. Probably for this reason, but almost for obeying to a single sectorial traffic logic, the construction of this road has generated serious problems of urban and landscape integration.

For exampled, it has cornered the Aqueduct of the Canal Bajo del CYII, the greater heritage and identity element of the ĂĄrea or it has sehorted out the neighbourhood and the park. This circumstance has helped to show

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Figure 06. Avda. De Asturias as an integrated large road-neighborhood. Source: Google Earth Figure 07 (Opposite page). Paseo de la Dirección with Calle Alberdi, overview from Calle Sorgo.

Figure 08 (Opposite page). The intersection of Marqués de Viana street (and the tunnel of Sor Ángela de la Cruz under it) with the Paseo de la Dirección and the aqueduct of the Canal Bajo del CYII. Source: http://cordelesdehesavilla.blogspot.com/2013/03/ii-ruta-de-losrecortes-caminos-del-agua.html Image 09 (Opposite page). Paseo de la Dirección and the Canal Bajo aqueduct at the end of calles Cantueso and Arroyo.

Image 10 (Opposite page). Paseo de la Dirección with the four towers in the North Financial District.

students the need of applying different design and management tolos: instead of the pre-eminence of the building plots and F.A.R. or the design speed criteria, the pertinence of considering each section of the street as a place with its memory, its topographic and landscape conditions, with the need of assuring transverse permeability to the park, or the opportunity of making use of population needs and experiences.

Another excellent starting point for the exercise was the existence of a planning document, the Modification of the Master Plan of El Paseo de la Dirección, delivered in 2017 by the Urban Plannig Departament (AGDUS) of the Madrid City Council. This document raises clearly these

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needs, starting from identifying the problems and opportunities in each of the sections of the Paseo de la Dirección and establishing new objectives for the Master Plan: enhancement of the old aqueduct (Canal Bajo) and permeability neighborhood-park, landscaping and redefinition of the city edge, maintenance of public housing and facilities and establishing 6 new areas of opportunity. It has been a great contribution of high quality reflections and it has allowed to start working on a solid basis.

Finally, another problem of the chosen area but, again, a great teaching opportunity for the students, is the lengthy management process, from the first Master Plan of 2007 to the

second modification of 2014. The change in the management mode, from a concessionaire to a public leaded one, the legal problems with samll expropriated tenants, or the contribution of the Local Forums (participation organism of the City council of Madrid), have also allowed to understand involved actors logics and to have a glimpse of the governance of this operation.

If to all the above the distinctive and interesting contribution of the students of the University of Michigan and their teacher, María Arquero, who have participated in this new edition of the “Urban Workshop” of the MUPUT, I hope it will easier to understand the interest in the process and the solutions in view.

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Foreword

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COLLABORATIVE AND ENGAGED-LEARNING EXPERIENCES IN THE SUSTAINABLE URBAN REGENERATION OF THE EUROPEAN CITY: THE CASE OF THE INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL WORKSHOP UPM/ UM IN THE PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN, MADRID Sonia De Gregorio Hurtado, Profesora Ayudante Doctora. MUPUT, ETSAM. UPM María Arquero de Alarcón, Associate Professor. Taubman College. UM The sustainable regeneration of city districts as part of the continuous urban transformation of the territory is an area of focus in the contemporary theory and practice of urbanism, globally. The intervention in the consolidated city involves the integration of well-rounded strategies that encompass complex environmental, socio-economic and urban governance systems.

The implementation of those strategies demands the patient management of processes that may extend over generations and political cycles.

Academia has a long tradition of active local engagement in these processes of city making through generative, critical and reflective roles, serving as a locus of debate and generation of alternative urban imaginaries. As consultants to the municipality or as independent, neutral-party voices, organizing processes of community participation or instigating avenues of dissent and resistance, academics offer

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a multiplicity of perspectives that can better inform the collective interests of society.

Especially important in academic life are the occasions in which faculty and students work together with the local government and additional urban actors to address a complex, real-life project. These opportunities to bring academics and future professionals to address multifaceted urban problematics through a relevant research-design strategy are key to enliven the social relevance of our profession.

With the progressive internationalization of graduate curricula and classroom composition, the approach to local processes of urban regeneration meets a truly global classroom, with students bringing rich and diverse perspectives and educational backgrounds to the study and intervention in the local urban milieu. It is in the process of learning tools and ways of city making, while familiarizing themselves with the often-

unknown local realities, that the classroom becomes a microcosm full of possibility to reimagine the many likely futures.

The International Parallel Workshop During the 2018 Winter Semester, students of the Urban Workshop in the Master on Urban and Spatial Planning (MUPUT) at the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and the Interdisciplinary Graduate Seminar (MArch, MUD, MURP) at Taubman College University of Michigan, worked together in the project for the integrated urban regeneration for the Paseo de la Dirección, in the District of Tetuán, Madrid. Working through a three-part institutional agreement between the two universities and the Municipality of Madrid, students participating in the International Parallel Workshop explored a range of approaches to evaluate and critique the criteria governing the making of resilient communities, while

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Figure 11. Image of working sessions at ETSAM and Taubman College. Welcome at ETSAM by director Manuel Blanco and students presentations and discussions with faculty at Taubman College.

working across neighborhood and city district scales. The seminar integrated lectures, readings, discussions, software tutorials, the development of thematic cartographies and design proposals, reviews with guests’ critics and on-site field work.

La Cornisa de Tetuán Commonly known in Madrid as “La Cornisa de Tetuán,” the area targeted by the Plan Parcial de Reforma Interior (PPRI) Paseo de la Dirección is an interesting zone in the central city area. In 2006, the Municipal Government designated the area for urban regeneration to address the socio-spatial problematics present in the neighborhood and to provide an integrated physical and environmental solution for the Paseo de la Dirección. Over the last decade, the plan underwent multiple modifications and put into question the public-private partnership model first devised for the execution of the project.

In the process, residents have endured evictions and relocations, a problematic implementation of the urbanization works that has negatively impacted real estate values, and a growing sense of distrust on the public administration and the equal access to justice. It was not until 2015 that a new team took office in the City Council and refocused the project to prioritize residents’ needs and reframe the plan as a fully-public enterprise.

In 2016-2017, the Sustainable Urban Development Area in the Municipal Government (Area de Gobierno de Desarrollo Sostenible, DUS) re-focused the participatory planning process to engage residents and other urban actors in the development of the third modification to the original plan under public control.

The partnership between academia (UPM and UM) and Madrid City Council builds on this critical opportunity for reflection and generation of new ideas to address a collective agenda for the

Foreword

future of Paseo de la Dirección.

Over the course of the semester, students in both institutions devised a comprehensive strategy for the area, taking into account internal and external forces and conflicting interests among the different urban actors involved in the project. The two institutions shared a similar pedagogic method based on an activelearning approach in which faculty guides the students’ applied research projects in practical sessions during the semester. This pedagogic framework relies on the inquisitiveness and disposition to critical thinking and active participative decision-making of the course participants to address strategies and narratives of urban regeneration for the area.

From this common understanding, faculty adapted the course to specific secondary pedagogic objectives related with the educational programs in each institution: the MUPUT course mainly focused on urban planning issues, and the seminar

19

Figure 12. Posters with lectures by faculty and practitioners during the field trip to Madrid by University of Michigan students

at Taubman College followed an interdisciplinary approach integrating architecture, landscape and urbanism. The semester was designed to enable a mix of collaborative and independent work, with different degrees of exchange and autonomy.

Together with ongoing skype calls and active exchange of material, both groups worked together during the last week of February 2018, as the students from the Taubman Colleague traveled to Madrid. During this time, students worked in mixed groups (MUPUT-Taubman) and engaged in a series of activities to better inform the project: i) site visit and documentation with the support of experts and residents from the

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20

Municipality, ii) visit to relevant contemporary development projects in Madrid- Ensanche Carabanchel and Ensanche de Vallecas, iii) visit to Madrid Río, iv) lectures by faculty and guest speakers, v) presentation and review of diagnosis and initial proposals for the site. Through this mix of engaged and reflective learning activities, the course built synergies and a common understanding of the relevant strategies of urban regeneration applied.

The district and neighborhood integration focus The work of the students of

MUPUT stemmed from an analysis of the successive municipal proposals for the area and its socio-economic reality, along with field work on the physical characteristics of the district to generate an integrated diagnosis of Tetuán. This was a critical stage in the Urban Workshop learning process addressing the social, economic and physical challenges in the area to devise actionable strategies. That learning process led the students to the definition of the area for which they would develop the strategy of urban regeneration. Building on a collective discussion, the group decided to avoid an intervention focused solely on the Paseo de la Dirección. Instead, they defined

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

a wider area of intervention limited by the following streets and public spaces: Avenida de Asturias, Calle Bravo Murillo, Calle Marqués de Viana and Parque de José Luis Rodriguez Sahagún.

The idea underlying this decision was to consolidate the Paseo de la Dirección as an axis able to i) structure the entire neighborhood, ii) ease the transition and link between Tetuán and the Rodriguez Sahagún Park, and iii) provide the public facilities and the social housing that were lacking in the area and that were one of the most important demands of the local community.

Students worked in four “thematic groups”, each of them addressing

a crucial and strategic dimension in a course on urban regeneration-sustainable communities; quality of life; physical and environmental issues; urban mobility. In this decision, the faculty considered the specific characteristics of Tetuán and structured the work to address in detail specific urban problems and reproduce the “sectorial” structure in the different departments of the public administration. Students were presented the challenge of shaping a unique proposal integrating the different urban regeneration dimensions in a holistic and strategic vision for the area. In order to achieve this, avoiding the assumption of fragmented visions, the “thematic” proposals

Foreword

were discussed on a sustained basis in the framework of different participative sessions. Professors facilitated and strategically oriented the groups to ensure the proposals were analyzed in detail to assure their coherence with the overall proposal for the regeneration of the area. In this process many of the initial actions proposed were abandoned, while others were substantially transformed. As a result, all the decisions taken regarding a given dimension or “thematic field” were coordinated with those adopted in the context of the other three, leading to comprehensive strategy reinforced through the synergies across dimensions, creating added value.

21

Figure 13-14. Images from the site visits to PAUs de Vallecas and Carabanchel

Tree alternate visions for the areas of opportunity While the students based in Madrid took on the holistic and integrated approach at the district level, the group based in Michigan took on a parcel-specific response to address the parcels of opportunity identified by the PPRI Paseo de la Direcciรณn. Working on a parallel structure with their Madrid counterparts, students started the semester confronting theoretical approaches to urban sustainability with the learning on specific cases of study. After an initial analysis of the previous plan proposals and the planning process, Taubman College students visited Madrid to document the site and worked collaboratively with ETSAM students to generate

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22

an initial diagnosis and tentative lines of work for the rest of the semester.

At Taubman College, the last third of the semester was structured around the development of three alternate proposals for the site. Working in interdisciplinary teams, each project addresses the specifics of the Plan Parcial regarding the permeability parkneighborhood, the tactical design retrofits on Paseo de la Direcciรณn, and the generation of ideas for the parcels of opportunity. In their proposals, each team evaluates existing regulatory frameworks and create three alternative scenarios where they test block and building typologies, articulate tactics for civic infrastructure and public space, address the

interests of disparate urban actors, and speculate on possible implementation strategies. While all proposals hold relatively similar urban ambitions fitting the constraints of the plan, the priorities and execution vary in each project. Each project opens with an executive summary, outlining the main ambitions of the proposal and summarizing the goals and objectives in a chart.

Following, each team highlights the main lessons learned from the analysis and case studies, addressing the sustainable indicators for their proposal and the notions around quality of life and inclusive design. The last section in each project includes a visual narrative of the detailed design proposal, including strategies addressing open space,

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIร N: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

Figure 15. Image from the site visit to Paseo de la Dirección

landscape and building types, transportation and specific ideas for each area of opportunity. “tcap: time-driven connected and accessible and publiclyoriented” targets four areas: activate life-work dynamics, improved connection of park and neighborhood fabric, strong sense of the collective and promotion of healthy life-styles through intentional programming focusing in the reuse of the parcels along Paseo de la Dirección. This team plays a strong emphasis on the redesign of this artery as a critical component of the public realm at the neighborhood scale: a platform to promote social life and a sense of belonging. The Paseo offers multiple opportunities to access park and neighborhood

through new gateways and uses.

“Connection: People, Place and Neighborhood” addresses the theme of connectivity in a multidimensional way, focusing on the continuities and performative capacities of the ground plane and the creation of safer and more desirable public open spaces. Four main goals structure the narrative: the careful reconnection of park and neighborhood with detailed study of multi-modal flows, the street green infrastructure strategies in strategically located sites and the mix-use and inclusive building strategies. The project develops a thorough inventory of building and landscape types along Paseo de la Dirección to ensure its incremental activation will transform the cornise.

Foreword

“Tetuan-ing” looks at three main components: identity building through the rediscovery of historical elements, improved connectivity networks, and greener and performative open spaces.

Overall, this proposal focuses on the creation of porous building types and a mix of uses in the parcels framing the Cornise of Tetuán. A carefully orchestrated system of multi-modal paths and the protection of the viewsheds ensure the reconnection of the urban fabric with the park. Last, at the parcel and building scales, the project introduces multiple strategies for the greening on the neighborhood through targeted reforestation and new green spaces.

23

2000

2006

2012

2017 PARALLEL WORKSHOP ETSAM UPM+TAUBMAN COLLEGE UM

24

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

INTRODUCTION: PPRI PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN THE PLAN AND ITS EVOLUTION

With a central location in the city of Madrid, the neighborhood of Valeacaderas is located on the northwest side of the district of Tetuán, bordering the Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún Park. The strip of land defining the interface of park and neighborhood is commonly known as “La Cornisa de Tetuán,” an area of rich topograpy with privileged views of the mountains.

The area has an important historic significance as the entry point of the Canal Bajo Isabel II in the city.

This singular engineering work of world significance at the time, was a key element in the provision of water and development of the city of Madrid. The Paseo de la Dirección itself was built as a channel for maintenance and control of the canal, an historical trace that has survived since its construction in 1857.

The cornice is part of a long sequence of watchtowers that begins with the hill of S. Francisco and Las Vistillas, continues with the Royal Palace, the temple of Debod and the ‘Paseo de Rosales’, continues with the

Ciudad Universitaria and the channel of the Dehesa de la Villa, and ends with the section of the corresponding path to Tetuán.

In 2006, the municipal government initiated a planning process to redesign the area along Paseo de la Dirección. The Plan Parcial de Reforma Interior APR.06.09 is a public initiative for the regeneration of this area and the relocation of affected residents in the area. This included demolishing several blocks of existing housing, and the rerouting of a main transportation artery.

Set as a public initiative, the management of the area was executed by Dragados through a concession agreement. This agreement included the relocation, demolition and urbanization works. As payment, Dragados received the residential parcels to be developed under market rate conditions.

The plan has gone through many interactions and have been in the hand of multiple stakeholders, like Dragados, the private construction firm in charge of the execution of the urbanization of the area.

Introduction: PPRI Paseo de la Dirección

Due to a series of government changes, financial downturns, and allegations from the residents in the neighborhood, the plan has undergone 3 major iterations within a 12-year period from its initial start.

This second modification of the Plan Parcial de Reforma Interior APR.06.09, passed on February 2015, represents the current planning with the following characteristics: · Total Area: 166.175 m2. · Residential Parcels: 31,687 m2 with a total FAR of 197,250 m2 · Urban Facilities Parcels: 24,941 m2 · Green Areas: 33,428 m2.

There were two modifications to the plan. The first one to adjust the types of housing regimes to the real estate interests. The second one, to redesign the perimeter avenue so that some parcels get located inside the park, to the west of the street. In addition, the modification includes the construction of a block in a parcel devoted to sport facilities, adjacent to the Canal Bajo. The four towers were already planned in previous versions remain.

25

1997 Madrid Metropolitan Plan (Plan Regional de Estrategia Territorial) was approved

14 March 2007 Urban agreement between Dragados and the City Council to formalize the Administrative Concession for Management, Development and Execution through eminent domain for the PPRI 06.02 Tetuán Paseo de la Dirección.

2001 Madrid Metropolitan Plan stopped enforcement because of a new requirement about final approval from the Madrid Assembly based on the new planning law.

- Five subsystems: Environmental, transportation, housing, economic activities, social facilities - Resulted in a series of infrastructure projects, including freeway, metro lines, etc.

- Two layers of scale intervention: Urban and Metropolitan - Resulted in urban expansion and economic growth.

Population

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

José Álvarez del Manzano 1991-2003

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón Jiménez 2003-2011

TIMELINE

0.2%

Population Change (10 yr.)

3,187,062 3,182,175

(2007) (2017)

MADRID

1.0%

Population Change (10 yr.)

152,206 153,789

3 May 2005 Agreement between Madrid Regional and Municipal Governments for the Plan Parcial de Reforma Interior del Paseo de la Dirección, Tetuán, Madrid (realization, approval and execution).

2003 Dragados was acquired

by ACS Group, a global construction company based in Spain.

(2007) (2017)

Tetuan

Population & District Percentage (%)

16.4%

25,214 16.4%

Valeacederas

(2017)

(Tetuan)

28 July 2006 PPRI Approval.

Tetuan Age Structure 100 & over

0.03%

95 to 99 WORKSHOP 0.31% PARALLEL

90 to 94 1.26% ETSAM UPM+TAUBMAN COLLEGE UM 85 to 80 2.68% 80 to 84 3.62% 75 to 79 3.31%

26

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

2007 20

7008

11 December 2014 Initial approval of the second modified PPRI plan.

7 May 2015 Second Addendum to the Urban agreement to formalize the Administrative Concession for Management, Development and Execution through eminent domain for the Plan Parcial de Reforma Interior 06.02 Tetuรกn Paseo de la Direcciรณn, between Dragados and the City Council.

14 May 2015 Budget included in the first punctual modification for the Project of Urbanization.

2015 DUS to replace Dragados.

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Ana Botella Serrano 2011-2015

16 April 2009 Approval of details on the evictions.

2016

12 March 2013 Dragados - Temporary Suspension.

September 2016 The municipal corporation and Dragados reached an agreement to resolve the concession. The agreement includes finalizing the second residential building to rehouse the evicted residents and the border avenue, Paseo de la Direccion.

The economic agreement includes payment through the residential parcels executed. In addition, some community associations have requested to be excluded from the areas to be expropriated.

21 October 2013 First Addendum to the Urban agreement to formalize the Administrative Concession for Management, Development and Execution through eminent domain for the Plan Parcial de Reforma Interior 06.02 Tetuรกn Paseo de la Direcciรณn, between Dragados and the City Council.

15 December 2011 1st Modified Plan.

2018

Manuela Carmena Castrillo 2015-

10 October 2013 Dragados - Resolution.

22 May 2008 Definitive approval for the budget of the Project of Urbanization.

2017

20 February 2015 2nd Modified Plan.

Introduction: PPRI Paseo de la Direcciรณn

2018 3rd Modified Plan.

27

THE AREA OF THE PPRI PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN OVERTIME

2000 Figure 16. Aerial images protraying the evolution of the site. Source Google Earth, 2018.

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PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

2006

2011

Introduction: PPRI Paseo de la Direcciรณn

2017

29

MUNICIPAL PROPOSAL

As a result of the reached agreement, an inherited Partial Plan is partially executed: - Part of the urbanization and almost all the green areas are still unfinished.

- Urban infrastructure parcels are unexecuted.

- Approximately half of the residential plots are unexecuted: 17,917 m2 (57%) of land with a total floor area of 92,193 m2 (47%).

This inherited situation constitutes an opportunity to redefine the management of this urban limit.

Five Basic objectives of the reorganization 1) Re-evaluate the Canal Bajo de Isabel II, as a city landmark, an asset and element of the neighborhood’s historical memory.

2) Maximize opportunities for permeability of the streets of the neighborhood to the park.

of Paseo de la Dirección while redefining the border between park and neighborhood.

4) Increase the available public land for housing.

5) Maintain the city’s public facilities in the district.

The last two objectives must be solved in the uncommitted land plots.

The Municipal Area of Sustainable Urban Development and the Tetuan Distict (Área de Gobierno de Desarrollo Urbano Sostenible y el Distrito de Tetuán) led a participatory process with an open document that proposed the main lines of action, and diverse pending issues in the resolution of each opportunity area.

3) Maintain the current active use

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PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE TETUÁN DISTRICT

POPULATION ANALYSIS The population residing in Tetuán, according to the census of January 1, 2002, is 145.940 people, this population is mostly concentrated in the neighborhoods of Cuatro Caminos and Bellas Vistas. The socioeconomic level is determined as medium-low, with a high number of elderly population, although this general characteristic is contrasted in the areas of Azca and Castillejos, with income levels well above the district average. In both absolute and relative terms, Tetuán is one of the districts with the largest foreign population, around 14 percent of its total population. The neighborhoods with the highest number of foreigners are Bellas Vistas (20%), Cuatro Caminos (13.38%) and Castillejos (13.25%).

According to the 2002 Municipal Register of Inhabitants of the Madrid City Council, Ecuadorian are the largest collective with almost 10,000 residents, followed by Dominicans with

1,727, Moroccans with 1,640, Colombians with 1,629, Filipinos with 1,166, and Peruvians with 1,097.

Tetuán is a district with an average family unit size of 2.52, which is below the Madrid average which is 2.71, which makes it one of the districts with fewer children living in their parents’ house, although it is presumed that at this moment a contrary tendency is beginning to generalize, since the growth of the immigrant population is favoring the progressive rejuvenation of the district’s population.

PRODUCTIVE AREAS OF THE DISTRICT Madrid is the central engine of the economy in Spain along with Barcelona. The two cities have the largest number of population and hold more influence in the performance of the wealth generated by the country, and this is because it is the largest business center in Spain: in 2008, 72% of the 2000 largest companies in Spain were headquartered

Introduction: PPRI Paseo de la Dirección

in Madrid. Currently, 50.1% of the revenues of the 5000 largest Spanish companies are generated by companies with headquarters in Madrid, which represent 31.8% of them.

Knowing what is the scenario of Madrid, let’s see how is the distribution of companies in the district of Tetuán with the help of the following table that contains the information of the open premises with access type and street door grouped, classified by Economic activity ( CNAE 2009) of the 2017 census.

Tetuán is famous for the enormous presence of small and medium businesses, mainly in the automotive sector, having one of the largest concentrations of mechanical workshops in the capital. In addition to the workshops, there is also a great resemblance of restaurants, and small shops that provide various services.

31

THE EVOLUTION OF THE PLAN AND ITS IMAGE

Figure 18-23. Images of the different plan proposals for the site.

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PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

Grants for all those expropriated with the right to be relocated approved 12M Euros for 180 families LUIS ROMERO GARCIA-MORATO

None of the money has been given to the expropriated families

architect and president

THE ACTORS They were given parcels of market rate housing and 3M euros as compensation

Led by

DISPLACED RESIDENTS

They were replaced because of their lack of interest of public demands Represented by

NEIGHBORHOOD BOARD - ASSOCIATION OF THE AFFECTED Propose ideas to

RESIDENT COMMUNITIES

Private company given freedom to plan area solely for profits

Propose ideas to

DRAGADOS

Informs

EXECUTIVE GROUP

CITY COUNCIL

This sociogram indicates the agents involved in the collaborative planning process for PPRI Paseo de la Direccion, and how they connect to one another. The voices of the residents are represented by neighborhood boards. These associations propose ideas to the city council and the advisory committee it nominates, who later inform the public of the final decisions made by the municipality.

Informs Nominated a

Propose ideas to

ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Introduction: PPRI Paseo de la Direcciรณn

DUS

33

TIMELINE PLAN PARCIAL DE REFORMA INTERIOR PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN 2006

FIRST MODIFICATION

2015

PROPOSAL 1 AND 2A This is a brief illustration of the different plan iterations proposed for the area and each of the parcels, dating back to the first proposal in March of 2006. This long process is the result of local discontent with the original plan and the private cocession for its development, fueling a constant negotiation between individual interests and the interests of the collective.

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PROPOSAL ROADS MARKET VPPB VPPL SPORTS EQUIPMENT PUBLIC SERVICE GREEN SPACE

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

C

B

A

D E F

SECOND MODIFICATION

THIRD MODIFICATION

2016

2018

PROPOSAL 2B

PROPOSAL 3

Proposal Area

Proposal Area

Residential

Residential

Public

Public

Green Space

Green Space

Completed buildings

Completed buildings

Roads

Roads Sports Facility

Introduction: PPRI Paseo de la Direcciรณn

35

AREA OF OPPORTUNITY A

RECYCLING CENTER / PUNTO LIMPIO Currently used as a recycling collection center , the plan proposes an urban facility to the park level and overlook at the Paseo de la Direcciรณn level.

Proposal 1

Proposal 2a

Proposal 2b

Proposal 3

The residents request that this parcel to have more specific public use.

Area: 2.770 m2.

The facility will have to be relocated through a modification of the Plan, already under progress. The development of the parcel will meet requirements for the protection of the historical heritage, as part of the Canal Bajo.

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PASEO DE LA DIRECCIร N: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

AREA OF OPPORTUNITY B

URBAN FACILITY AT STREET ARROYO This plot has been set aside to be public facility for the neighborhood with improved accessibility to the park and the thinning of the roadway to a single lane.

Proposal 1

Proposal 2a

Proposal 2b

Proposed a 3 floors facility with 2 levels above ground and 1 below ground. The level below ground also provides access to the park The plan recommends a facility with the capacity to include an underground use to capitalize on the investment to connect with the park underground.

Area: 1.500 m2.

Located in the adjacent areas of the Canal Bajo, Patrimony will review the plans for the site.

Introduction: PPRI Paseo de la Direcciรณn

37

Proposal 3

AREA OF OPPORTUNITY C

URBAN BLOCKS AT STREET CANTUESO This area consists of three parcels: the central block is identified as public use and while the remaining blocks are used to house relocated residents.

Urban Block C.1 (5,000 m2) proposes public uses between the existing residential uses not expropriated.

FAR: Urban Block C.2 (3,000 m2), in the central block, proposes housing FAR - 3.650 and 5.250

Proposal 1

Proposal 2a

Proposal 2b

Urban Block C.3 will complete the residential parcel with the residential building that has rehoused the evicted families in street Blanco Argibay.

FAR - 3.700

Proposal 3

C.3· C.2·

Other: · Include linear gardens and boulevards in the streets.

C.1·

· Study the opportunity to provide a parking facility for residents under the gardens of Street Pando, Urban Block C.1.

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PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

AREA OF OPPORTUNITY D

URBAN BLOCKS AT STREET ALBERDI This area provides the opportunity for permeability between the neighborhood and the park, but the current design operates more as a barrier than a connection.

Urban Block D.1 proposes housing FAR not mentioned Urban Block D.2 (3,000 m2) proposes housing FAR - 10.9

Proposal 1

Proposal 2a

Proposal 2b

Urban Block D.2.b Turn the central urban block into a green space. Alternatively, the south area could become an urban facility, leaving the extension of Street Felipe Mora as green space.

FAR not mentioned Urban Black D.3 Propose urban facility to the park level and overlook Paseo de la Direccci贸n

D.1路 D.2 D.1路

Introduction: PPRI Paseo de la Direcci贸n

39

Proposal 3

AREA OF OPPORTUNITY E

URBAN BLOCKS AT STREET ALIGUSTRE These plots provide the opportunity for visual connection with the park and the potential to have direct access to the park.

Proposals for this area should preserve the scalar relationship of the pedestrian at the level of Paseo de la Direcciรณn

Proposal 1

Proposal 2a

Proposal 2b

Proposal 3

Urban Block E.1 proposes an urban facility with greening towards the side of Calle Sorgo and the side of Calle Aligustre Urban Block E.2 proposes housing integration with building at Aligustre Street Other: Reurbanize Paseo de la Direcciรณn to meet the elevation and allow access to the park Residential block integrating the building at Aligustre 1, not to be demolished.

Greening of the streets toward the neighborhood in streets Aligustre and Sorgo.

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PASEO DE LA DIRECCIร N: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

AREA OF OPPORTUNITY F

SPORT PARCEL There are four areas in the parcel: 1. The upper level, west of the Canal.

2. The lower level of the parcel.

3. The trace of the Canal de Isabel II with the buffer areas.

4. The North access, including the transformation center in place.

Proposal 1

Proposal 2a

Proposal 2b

The plan proposes to devote the complete parcel to sport use, regulating the conditions in each of the four areas: 1. Place the building in the upper portion of the site.

2. Develop an access plaza integrating the transformation center already executed Area:8.709 m2 (PPRI vigente).

The original block has more than 11.000 m2. The area of Hacienda prepared the project of a sport facility in the higher portion of the site. The project could be phased, adapting the project to the site.

Itsproximity to the Canal Bajo will require the control by Patrimony Introduction: PPRI Paseo de la Direcciรณn

41

Proposal 3

OPPORTUNIT The Canal is component of heritage in the C and different working on a define its protec

A

OPPORTUNITY 04: The 2,770 m2 parcel could be use as green area or as a public use giving access to the park and offering views to on the higher level.

B

OPPORTUNITY 05: Use of the 1,500 m2 parcel as a public school or other public facility and will improve connectivity to the park.

C

C O

or rid or ty ni

r do rri Co Opp ortu nit

pp o

rtu nit y

y Co rrido r

AGUSTIN RODRIGUEZ SAHAGÚN PARK PARALLEL WORKSHOP ETSAM UPM+TAUBMAN COLLEGE UM

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ni ty rtu

O pp o

D

Co rri

do r

rtun ity C

la D irec cion

Opp o

OPPORTUNITY 06: This parcel proposes public uses between the existing residential uses, housing, and building rehousing evicted families.

Pas eo de

orrid o

r

O pp or tu

O pp or tu ni ty

C

C

OPPORTUNITY 07: The Parcel proposes two sport facilities completing the residential parcel, with the challenges that may represent completing a residential parcel. There are 3 residential parcels (2,500 m2 each) defined. The area on top of the recently disposed infill could offer the opportunity to connect park and the neighborhood.

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

Co r

rid

o

VALDEACEDERAS NEIGHBORHOOD

TY 01: an important f the historic City of Madrid, groups are a proposal to ction.

OPPORTUNITY 02: At the local level, the execution presents many opportunities for improvement to better connect with the park.

OPPORTUNITY 03: The improvement of access to the park at Marques de Viena Street using a ramp between the contention wall and the aqueduct. This will connect one of the sport facilities to the park.

C

E

Op

po r

tun ity

Co

rri do

r

or

F

OPPORTUNITY 08: Visual connectivity between neighborhood and park along streets Sorgo and Cantueso creates a triangular shape of difficult development. The integration of the remaining building is critical shaping the frontage to Paseo Direcciรณn.

OPPORTUNITY 09: Once the residential building is out, the lower level could be used as green area or as open space devoted to sport activities.

Introduction: PPRI Paseo de la Direcciรณn

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PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN URBAN REGENERATION AND INTEGRATION WITH THE VALDEACEDERAS NEIGHBORHOOD An integral transformation towards a more sustainable urban model

Paseo de la Direcciรณn: Urban Regeneration and Neighborhood Integration

45

METHODOLOGY

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PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

GENERAL OBJECTIVES

1

Define strategies and actions to integrate the neighborhood with its immediate surroundings in a comprehensive and incremental way, with a medium and long term vision

2

Promote an efficient, balanced and inclusive development of the territory, starting from the physicalenvironmental and social conditions with a gender focus and paying attention to the needs of the various social groups

3 4

Balance demands and capacities of the various local agents involved in the process of urban regeneration, fostering a model of participatory governance.

Diversify the uses and activities inside the neighborhood that allow a functional balance of the space and reduce the dependencies of external systems.

5

Act on the existing fabric for the determination of a new urban landscape that enhances the relations between the inhabitants and the neighborhood, based on the existing urban identity.

6

Promote the reduction of the ecological footprint through design and management strategies, targeting the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and energy demand as well as the increase of wooded areas as carbon sinks.

7

Revalue the Canal Bajo de Isabel II by defining specific actions that enhance the visual and functional relationships between the neighborhood, the canal and the Park

Paseo de la Direcciรณn: Urban Regeneration and Neighborhood Integration

47

01

URBAN MOBILITY AND URBAN DESIGN

1.1. THEMATIC CONCEPTUALIZATION

To clarify the general understanding of the thematic field in which the group would situate the “Urban Mobility and Urban Design” view, we selected comprehensive concepts of mobility, accessibility and urban design from specialized literature.

As defined by the Glossary of the European Environment Agency (2005), mobility it’s understand as “the ability of groups or individuals to relocate or change jobs or to physically move from one place to another”. From this wide and general conceptualization that describes basically the action of movement, the European Commission presents in the publication - ECOCITY “Urban Development towards Appropriate Structures for Sustainable Transport” the concept of high mobility, as a characteristic of people that “is determined by the ability to reach a great number of destinations within the shortest possible time while covering the shortest possible distance” (Gaffron et al., 2005). These two

definitions emphasize the need of displacement of people in an efficient way, and places it as a basic demand of the population.

together can be achieved in a sustainable way by creating a city of short distances” (Gaffron et al., 2005).

However, for a more coherent and satisfactory definition of the interventions in the urban space, we consider fundamental to complement the mobility concept with the accessibility.

(Rode et al. 2017) present as a definition for the important dimension of accessibility as “the extent to which land-use and transport systems enable (groups of) individuals to reach activities or destinations by means of a (combination of) transport mode(s)”. From this perspective the accessibility it’s a fundamental quality of the space, and so a primary requirement for the urban projects and interventions. The importance of integrating the accessibility and mobility its point by the ECOCITY approach: “good accessibility (as a characteristic of urban structures) is the basic requirement for high mobility (as a characteristic of people). Both

As we proposed to bring for the project the better integration as possible between the urban mobility demands and the qualification of whole urban space, a central aspect that we took in account was the urban design. Any intent of urban regeneration could not incorporate this approach, due to its focus in the thinking on the urban environment as a public space for the use and enjoyment of the population. For that, it’s not enough to consider only the built environment requests, because for a holistic understanding of the city it’s necessary to take in account the relations that people stablish with its habitat and among themselves (Carmona et al., 2010; Lloyd-Jones, 2001).

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1.2. EXAMPLES OF GOOD PRACTICES CASE 1: SPACE SYNTAX ANALYSIS ESTAMBUL (TURKEY)

CASE 2: SPACE SYNTAX ANALYSIS JEDDAH (SAUDI ARABIA)

Academic proposal from a paper

Professional office analysis for a Strategic Plan

Implementation: Unknown Year: 2010 Author: Önder and Gigi

Implementation: Unknown Year: 2005 Author: Space Syntax Limited ©

Main concept: base on space syntax analysis of the urban configuration in Istanbul the author identified the principal streets that could be integrated in a network to connect important parks of the city.

Main concept: Another application of the space syntax analysis, in this case to simulate the response of the urban structure of the city of Jeddah to different scenarios of interventions proposed by two strategic plans (“b” and “c”) compared to the actual situation (“a”). It’s possible then to evaluate the one with better benefits to the global integration of the city.

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In order to illustrate those concepts and to establish basic guidelines for the proposals, we studied some best management practices in urban mobility and urban design in distinct places of the world addressing similar issues as the ones we found in the Valdeacederas neighborhood.

CASE 3: MECHANIC STAIRS SAN JAVIER IN MEDELLÍN (COLOMBIA)

CASE 4: PUBLIC SPACES SÃO PAULO (BRAZIL)

Public intervention from the municipality

Centro Aberto Project

Implementation: Done Year: 2011 Author: Empresa de Desarrollo Urbano – EDU.

Implementation: Done Year: 2013 – 2015 Author: Secretaria Municipal de Desenvolvimento Urbano de São Paulo

Main concept: The first public electric stairs in Colombia, located in “Las Independencias” neighborhood of Comuna 13 of Medellín, a benchmark of social urbanism. The system improves the accessibility to a very steep community while creating a centrality associated with public facilities at its extremities with spaces for community, institutional, administrative and technical activities.

Main concept: A series of interventions to animate the historical center of the city, based in the qualification of the public space for more active and diverse uses. Prioritization and protection of nonmotorized modes of displacement. Actions to support the permanence of people in the public space.

Promotion of new uses and activities in these spaces.

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1.3. INDICATORS In order to orientate the analysis approach in the diagnosis phase, we studied some urban indicators related to urban mobility and urban design issues. One of the best guidelines in this field it’s the Urban Sustainability Plan of Indicators of Victoria-Gasteiz (Rueda et al., 2010), develop by the Urban Ecology Agency of Barcelona.

This plan presets a set of 50 indicators structured in eight thematic areas selected to evaluate the evolution of the city of Victoria-Gasteiz towards a model of urban sustainability, and so there is a good alignment with our intents and lines of action.

From the thematic of mobility and services took three indicators to perform some analysis when was possible, but also to build a synthetic set of tools that the musicality can use further to evaluate the implementation and progress of the proposals.

Indicator 1: Proximity to transportation networks alternatives to the private car Methodology: For each alternative means of transport, an area of

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influence is carried out according to the distance considered and the population that it is covered at least 3 is analyzed of the means contemplated.

Distances considered: Bus stops: 300 m Light transit system stops: 500 m Cycling network: 300 m Walking routes: 300 m

pedestrian and vehicular streets is calculated for each study area (neighborhoods). From here you can calculate the percentage of pedestrian public road with respect to the total area of public road.

Calculation formula: Vpub (%) = [pedestrian road surface / total public road surface] x 100 Evaluation parameters: Minimum 60%

Calculation formula: Ptalt (%) = [population with simultaneous coverage to alternative transport networks / total population] x 100 Evaluation parameters: Minimum 80% Desirable 100% Indicator 2: Distribution of the public road: pedestrian space – automobile space (Vpub) Methodology: Once the public road space is accounted for by areas, it is classified according to typology. The surface of the

Desirable 75% Indicator 3: Public space and habitability – corrected compactness (CC) Methodology: The indicator is calculated by dividing the built volume by the surface of living spaces. It is represented from a grid of 200 by 200m that covers the entire city. It is considered that the optimal values of the indicator are given when values of 10 to 50 are reached.

Calculation formula: CC (m) = built volume (m³) / public space of permanence (m²)

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1.4. VISION AND OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES

WORK TOOLS

INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

1. Consolidate the Paseo de la Direcciรณn as a new urban front

- ArgGIS space diagnostics: topography and slopes, lines and bus and metro stops, width of sidewalks and stairs

- Removal of parking in streets of medium and high importance, or reduction to minimum requirements

- Structure of the urban grid: space sintax (connectivity and hierarchies)

- Creation of underground car parking in opportunity parcels

2. Addressing mobility with urban management and policies 3. Adequacy of accessibility in public spaces 4. Increasing of active modes (walking and cycling) by modal rebalance

- Schematic strategy proposal

- Installation of typologies of streets that extend the priority to the pedestrian and bike - Installation of ramps and elevators in critical sections of stairs

5. Reduce the role of the car and propose new models of tenure 6. Activation of public space with improved urban image 7. Parking control in public space

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1.5. ANALYSIS AND DIAGNOSIS A) ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT MODES The proposal application started with the study of the neighborhood, identifying the strengths and weakness that should receive some kind of intervention. The first of these was in relation to the public transport system, which was verified the distribution of the buses and the subway stations that serve the region.

The same procedure was done for the cycle network designed by the city hall for the region. We verified that most of the plan is not implemented, but when this happens, the neighborhood will be totally connected to the bicycle and bicycle rental system of the city of Madrid. This information later helped in the design of the tracks, which should or should not be modified to extend their use by cyclists. Finally, overlaying these variables, it was possible to conclude that most of the residents have access to at least two of these systems at a walking distance from their houses (500 m).

This reinforces our proposal to reduce dependence on cars.

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B) SPACE SYNTAX ANALYSIS We analyzed the public space and street connections in the area using space syntax tools.

We understand the public space network as the form of the urban tissues, with intrinsic properties that determinate the relations and uses that occurs in the own public space (Lamíquiz, 2011).

The theories of space syntax frame the influence of road configuration and public spaces on pedestrians.

They deconstruct the idea that movement patterns can only be explained by urban attractions and the shape of buildings without first proving the importance of the configuration streets network in the distribution of these attractions and the natural movement of people.

If there is a correlation between the three, the most logical variable to explain the other two is the configuration of the grid, which can modify the previous ones, but cannot be modified by them. The attractions (businesses, industries and others) would then multiply the effects of the configuration, as indicated by Hillier et al. (1993).

The visibility graph can show an approximation of the most “mutually visible locations in a spatial layout”. This is important because those hotspots of visual connection usually concentrate more pedestrians and, in this proposal, were the focus points for interventions to amplify public space. So, the strategy was to use the physical potential that

Urban Mobility and Urban Design

the neighborhood already has to promote attractive spaces with design. Besides the main streets and the “Plaza the la Remonta”, we can see the potencial of the “Paseo de la Dirección” and the intersections of the street “del Capitán Blanco Argibay” with many others.

The global integration map also helped with the design choices.

Its degree indicates “how close is the space of origin of all other spaces and can be seen as the measure of relative asymmetry” (Hillier et al., 1993). With this map, we were able to identify the most integrated streets on the grid, exactly the ones that if receive an intervention, could have more use by pedestrians.

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C) TOPOGRAPHY AND SLOPES Due to the topographical situation of the region, it was also analyzed the slopes and hypsometry. In the hypsometry map, it was possible to see where the storm water flow was, the preferential pathways streets were the blue infrastructure could be more efficient. This will be more explored in the next proposal chapter, but it was also an important theme for urban design because this way a more integrational approach between mobility interventions and green infrastructure was possible.

In the slopes map, a big design challenge emerged. The neighborhood has a lot of critical slopes (>16%) that, at the time it was built, were solved with stairs. This makes accessibility one of the most critical problems identified.

At the same time, slope values the landscape of the region and is part of its visual identity. Based on this information, we try to identify which cases would be the most conspicuous and which would be the possibilities for intervention.

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1.6. INTERVENTIONS AND STRATEGIES The project makes small and strategic interventions where it is possible, as urban acupunture, concentrating the largest modifications in structural places.

Based on all the information collected, including a field visit, a series of proposals were made, detailed in the next topics and resumed in the plan below shortest possible distance.

Starting from the space syntax map, we selected the structuring streets in the neighborhood, (highlighted in the map in black) and the internal ones (red). The new designs prioritize the urban image and keep most car-orinted spaces to the external roads. In the internal ones, we prioritize pedestrian flow and the visual connection of the neighborhood

Urban Mobility and Urban Design

with the park, proposing routes of pedestrian priority. In some focal points, we propose shared space roads where there is no division of the car and pedestrian space. Many of these routes are associated with green and blue infrastructures, bioretention systems allocated in some parking lots. Possible strategies for existing stairs were also classified.

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A) RECONFIGURATION OF STREETS

According to the identification of the structural streets (main axis), and the defined objective to prioritize in the internal street of the neighborhood the movement of pedestrians, we decided to propose three types of interventions described below: Shared space: urban design that minimizes the segregation between modes of road user. The goal of shared space is to improve the road safety and vibrancy of roads and junctions, particularly ones with high levels of pedestrian traffic, by encouraging negotiation of priority in shared areas between different road users (Moody, S. and Melia, S. 2014).

This solution will be implemented in the intersections between the longitudinal and transversal axis: intersection between Arroyo and Pinos Baja streets, and intersection between Capitán Blanco Argibay

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and Pinos Baja streets.

Street

Pedestrian priority: urban design approach that serves as a support for traffic calming through the implementation of a unique platform to prioritize the movement and activities for the pedestrian instead of the cars.

This solution will be implemented in all the internal main axis except in the sections defined as shared space.

Street reconfiguration: the strategy defined is to propose, in the external roads of the neighborhood (Paseo de la Dirección, Avenida de Asturias, Bravo Murillo y Marqués de Viana), new designs (reconfiguration of the actual crossed section) that prioritize the space for pedestrians, enhances the urban image and incorporates cycling routes, when needed.

This type of solution will be integrated with blue and green infrastructure (bioretention methods and increase of green surfaces) specifically in the Arroyo

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SHARED SPACE SOLUTION CALLE ARROYO Y CALLE PLÁTANO

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EXAMPLE OF A PEDESTRIAN PRIORITY SOLUTION CALLE CAPITÁN BLANCO ARGIBAY

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EXAMPLE OF A PEDESTRIAN PRIORITY SOLUTION CALLE AZUCENAS

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B) ADAPTATION OF BARRIERS TO ACCESSIBILITY Topography is an important constraint in the design of the neighborhood. Barriers for mobility have left spaces with limited or not access at all, depriving the right of access to certain demographic groups. Universal accessibility is incorporated to ensure equality of rights. The interventions aims to ensure mobility and accessibility in the public spaces, especially in the streets, by eliminating barriers, when possible, and establishing measures that allow the free movement of pedestriansespecially vulnerable demographic groups (children, elderly and disabled).

According to the slope plan, 23 street sections are identified as not accessible. The table bellow characterizes the type of interventions in each site.

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Valdeacederas is a consolidated neighborhood, being in many cases impossible to eliminate the stairs located on the sidewalks or implement ramps. Under this context, an inventory of the existing stairs is made, establishing that a classification will be made based on the intervention proposals, based on the premise of the new preferred pedestrian mobility model. As shown in the previous plan.

The interventions vary according to the actual state of the site and the conditions of the edification: A) The implementation of metal stairs in the section of higher height and section, staircase that gives access to an endowment, this solution is designed to improve accessibility.

B) Incorporate ramps and stair lifts (freight elevators), to enable universal accessibility.

C) when the elimination of stairs is not possible due to the existing building access, the intervention will be to broaden the sidewalk to ensure pedestrian comfort.

This will require eliminating some parking spots to insert trees and green areas in their place.

D) In the spaces where the sidewalk section allows the flow of vulnerable people, it is proposed to perform stair maintenance, with the aim of improving the urban image. In addition, accompanied by the project to eliminate architectural barriers, a signage plan for people with disabilities should be implemented.

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N=4.88 N=4.88

N=0.00 N=0.00

N=7.56 B

N=5.04

N=0.00 N=0.00

N=5.04

N=5.04

S N=0.00

S N=0.00

S S N=0.00 N=0.00

S S N=0.00 N=0.00 2.00

RAMP EDIFICATION EDIFICATION

2.00 3.00

3.00 VARIABLE VARIABLE

RAMP HARROW HARROW EDIFICATION EDIFICATION

VARIABLE VARIABLE

2.00

GS EDIFICATION EDIFICATION

3.00 2.00

3.00 VARIABLE VARIABLE

EDIFICATION EDIFICATION GS HARROW HARROW

HARROW

GS

HARROW

GS

HARROW

EDIFICATION

VARIABLE

3.00

1.50

3.00

1.50

3.00

VARIABLE

EDIFICATION

HARROW

GS

HARROW

GS

VARIABLE

3.00

1.50

3.00

1.50

HARROW

3.00

EDIFICATION

VARIABLE

Calle Conde

Mn-11

R-16 Mn-11

R-16

A-08

A-08 E-7

SV-18

Intervención Intervención

Sv-22

A-2,3

Sv-19 Sv-20

Sv-22

Sv-21

A-2,3

A-5

Sv-19

Mn-13,12 Mn-13,12

Sv-20 A-4

Expand the Sidewalk Expand the Sidewalk Remove Remove Mechanical stair Mechanical stair Maintenance Maintenance Ramp Ramp lift truck lift truck Dotaciones Dotaciones

M-9

R-15

Sv-21

LEGEND LEGEND

Mn-10

M-9

SV-18

A-8

E-7

Mn-10 R-15

A-8

A-1

A-1

Mn-10

A-5

R-14

R-14

A-4

Sv-23

0

EDIFICATION

VARIABLE VARIABLE

Calle Alberdi

Mn-10

Parroquía San Ignacio de Loyola

N=4.88 N=4.88

N=7.56

Parroquía San Ignacio de Loyola

N=7.20 N=7.20

no accesible

no accesible

N=7.20 N=7.20

Sv-23

Meters 0 55 110 220 330 Meters 440 55 110 220 330 440

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C) RESOLUTION OF CONFLICTS OF PERMEABILITY Using the results of space syntax analysis, we identified some structural problems in the streets network, mainly referring to visual permeability and continuity.

In the calle los Jaramangos, we fund a house in bad condition that should be removed to provide access to calle Cantueso. This

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would amplify the connection to Paseo de la Dirección. Similarly in calle Ana Maria, the houses could be removed to facilitate relationships with calle del Capitán Blanco Argibay, the main internal street in the neighborhood. In the case of calle Trébol, its ends in two buildings walls with a 2 m space between than, for pedestrian’s

circulation to calle Azucenas.

One intervention could permit to improve the flow with calle del Marqués de Viana. In the calle Genciana, we have an example of intervention to this kind of problem that already was solve by the city hall with a square and stairs.

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D) PARKING CONTROL AND INTRODUCTION OF SHARED SYSTEMS Regarding parking lots, we made some estimates that showed that the neighborhood has at list 5.000 parking lots on streets and more in the underground parking at “Plaza de la Remonta”. Our intervention would remove 750 parking lots. As an alternative, we suggest a public parking in the underground of the opportunity parcels.

These areas have some 1000 parking places per floor. We suggest creating just 600 normal lots and more 50 lots of car sharing. The idea is to reduce the incentive to car-oriented transport since, as showed previously, the area has a good public transit system. The car sharing system addresses that most of the time the cars are stopped, parked,

unused: between 90% and 95% of the time.

So, shared car can replace the order of 10 cars with traditional tenancy model (Bondorová and Archer, 2017). The proposal is also increase the car sharing space in the public parking: 30% in 5 years, 60% in 8 years and 80% in 2 years.

400 meters

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02

QUALITY OF LIFE

2.1. THEMATIC CONCEPTUALIZATION Our proposed interventions at the Cornisa de Tetuán are framed under the concept of urban quality of life. This section offers a brief theoretical framework of this concept.

Quality of living is a concept without a precise definition and holds a subjective charge. The contentiousness of the concept of quality of living has been noted by authors whom, within the realm of regional and urban studies, have worked on this subject over recent decades (Barbosa, 1982). The difficulties on linking the objective and subjective dimensions of quality of living has also been pointed out by authors like McCrea et al (2006).

Notwithstanding the contentiousness of the concept,

quality of life rests to a great extent on certain features of urban structure. In that regard, smallerscale, multifunctional areas are more stimulating and pleasant places and are generally easier to ‘read’ and feel safer than large mono-functional developments with little direct connections to other parts of a city (Ecocity II, 2008).

From our perspective, urban quality of life can be framed as the presence of a setting that satisfies the individual and collective needs of its members, providing them with comfortable living conditions and diverse and attainable opportunities of personal development, in a complex environment that promotes a vibrant community life.

Quality of Life

Taking this concept into account, our interventions over the Cornisa de Tetuán area aim at enhancing urban quality of living at Valdeacederas, currently divided from the Rodriguez Sahagun park by the Paseo de la Dirección. In that regard, the interventions have as their key feature the enhancement of accessibility from Valdeacederas neighbourhood to Rodriguez Sahagun park.

Our proposal comprises three interventions: 1. Establishing parkneighbourhood corridors 2. Increasing park-neighbourhood permeability through access points interventions 3. Establishing urban gardens at Parque Rodríguez Sahagún.

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2.2. INTERVENTIONS AND STRATEGIES A) ESTABLISHING PARK-NEIGHBOURHOOD CORRIDORS Our proposal establishes 3 “axis of complexity”running from Bravo Murillo Street to Paseo de la Dirección and the Rodríguez Sahagún Park through through access points with increased park-neighbourhood permeability: CORRIDOR 1 incorporates urban art interventions (such as wall paintings, sculptures and street poetic texts) along different street points to enhance urban identity and contribute to the vibrancy of the urban environment.

The proposal addresses the current rehabilitation of the Tetuán district market as an opportunity

to establish gastronomic and cultural spaces (such as 2nd hand book stores) within the market’s premises. The proximity of a music academy to the market (just 2 blocks down in Ceuta Street) offers additional opportunities: the corner between the front of the market and Ceuta Street (where the music academy is located) should be turned into a place

for street music performances by students of the music academy.

Finally, the privately owned vacant lot located between Marqués de Viana Street and Paseo de la Dirección could incorporate a “tactical urbanism” intervention, temporarily turning the space into an open air cultural center hosting free entrance venues such as film screenings and concerts.

CORRIDOR 1: CULTURE CORRIDOR

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CORRIDOR 2 comprises both a commercially-driven and free use/alternative supply of leisure activities. This proposal bears in mind that Blanco Argibay Street already has a significant amount of shops, but that these shops are rarely leisure tailored (being rather shops of specific goods and services), and that the

neighbourhood of Valdeacederas displays a significant deficit of places for leisure.

In that regard, we propose spaces for leisurely activity at Blanco Argibay Street at places with an especially high potential for an enhanced urban animation (such as corners which benches). A series of mobile modules such

as kiosks could sale food and drinks; and a street coffee shop.

To cater to a non-consumerist form leisure, others could include culture-related facilities such as a book borrowing stand. The modules’ uses would be non-fixed, allowing for different activities and providing leisure-related goods and services at different times.

CORRIDOR 2: LEISURE CORRIDOR

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CORRIDOR 3 will include from 2 to 3 simple sports training facilities in space gained from the reduction of car-lanes. These uses enhance a more vibrant environment within Valdeacederas neighbourhood and achieve two results: a) enhance the residents’ quality of life; b) create vibrant urban magnets attracting pedestrians from Bravo Murillo

Street to Rodríguez Sahagún Park.

This corridor leads to one of the proposed access points to the park (Access Point 7)and incorporates “health stations.”

This “health stations” are aimed at enhancing the neighbour’s welfare by promoting healthy habits and awareness about them.

For this purpose, nutritionists

and physiotherapists will be stationed at these places to advise the neighbours in ways to, step by step, adopt healthy lifestyle habits, taking into account three basic pillars: a) Free Periodic health checks; b) Benefits of good nutrition; c) Health checks (weight, height, arterial pressure and glycemia, among others)

CORRIDOR 3: HEALTH CORRIDOR

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B) INCREASING PARK-NEIGHBOURHOOD PERMEABILITY THROUGH ACCESS POINTS

The establishment of eight access points to Rodríguez Sahagún Park is aimed at enhancing the permeability from park to neighbourhood. The table in the next page summarizes the features of the eight proposed access

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points depending on their slope levels, current situation, some observations to the actual access and the proposed interventions.

On one hand, the access seven (7), because its particular soft slope, has been chosen for the

location of the end of the sport corridor and the urban garden as a special place of connection. In the other hand, a belvedere building is proposed between access two (2) and three (3) which will be exposed in the next section

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B) INCREASING PARK-NEIGHBOURHOOD PERMEABILITY THROUGH ACCESS POINTS

The Cornisa de Tetúan, currently an ambiguous strip of territory between the park and the city, will be re-interpreted and enhanced as a place of encounter, mixture and intertwinement. The proposed intervention aims to re-define the existing boundary as a permeable space in which the city penetrates into the park, and vice versa.

Thus, through the study of the topography of the territory along the strip, the area between proposed access 2 and 3 to the park has been selected for establishing the proposed urban facility. This location has been selected taking into account the aim of consolidating a liveful boundary that may take in urban functions that promote the animation of the space, having as a priority not establishing a physical and/or visual neighbourhood-park barrier.

The building of this facility will take place, mainly, within the space between the Cornisa de Tetúan and park levels, and provides for building solely a small cafe working at two levels (park and street level), which will be accessible both from the neighbourhood and from the park.

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At the park level, the proposed intervention will, in addition to the cafe, provide for an open space conceived as a “picnic facility”, which will provide to the public the possibility of having breakfast at a sheltered space without having to pay for the accommodation, thus making it a non-consumerist space of leisure and social interaction.

Finally, the intervention will

generate three accesses, at the borders and in between both spaces (café and picnic facility), with different topographic features due to the variations in slopes and lengths: a) in the first access, at the northern edge, an open-air arena will be established, which will serve both as an amphitheater for artistic performances, and as a place to just enjoy looking at the surrounding space. In turn,

Quality of Life

the amphitheater will allow pedestrians to access the park through its steps; b) In the second access, at the intermediate point, the entrance to the park will be through a ramp of steep slope (>12%); c). The third access, located southernmost, will make advantage of the already existing Street-park access, identified as Access point N° 2, which will be paved.

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C) ESTABLISHING URBAN GARDENS AT THE PARK

Our last proposal with regard to enhancing quality of life provides for the establishment of urban gardens within Rodríguez Sahagún Park, next to the proposed Access Seven (7) to the park. The main purpose for establishing urban gardens is enhancing social cohesion (Colli, 2015), since the economic purpose of urban gardens as places of citylevel agricultural production is rather negligible (Colli, 2015), and sometimes could imply legal problems regarding to unfair competition. Instead, we conceive urban gardens as spaces of leisure activity for elderly/retired residents, the demographic group who uses most these spaces (Colli, 2015). This will foster the social inclusion of elderly neighbourhood residents through the promotion

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of an active lifestyle, and enhance a permanent use of the park. In that regard, it should be noted that improving the accessibility to the park is vital for enabling the use of its urban gardens by elderly residents, since they have reduced mobility.

Another reason for establishing urban gardens is their positive environmental implications concerning the capture of carbon emissions and biodiversity. The location of the proposed urban garden next to the Paseo de la Dirección may enable it to perform a significant carbon capture function , while the biodiversity enhancing interactions between the park and the urban garden can notably improve the environmental quality of the area.

Finally, a brief reference to the governance. The process for the establishment of an urban garden in the Rodríguez Sahagun park should take into account the precedent set at Buen Retiro Park, a top-down initiative from Madrid’s local government where the community assumed the management of the land afterwards. The choice of a top-down instead of a bottomup approach with regard to the way of establishing the garden stems from our precedent-based perception that such activities tend to thrive more, when they start as a local government initiative and then the management is transferred to local residents.

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Everydaylife, identity, cultural and social networks

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03

PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

3.1. THEORETICAL INTRODUCTION

The analysis of various parks and green infrastructure networks in Curitiba (Brazil), Mexico City (Mexico), Madrid (Spain), New York (USA) and Santiago (Chile) shows common challenges in the provision of green urban spaces today. Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, designers of Central Park in NY, planned the first interconnected park systems in Buffalo, New York. Ten years later, the Emerald Necklace, in Boston, demonstrated the capacity of flood reduction through the interconnectedness between green and blue (water) infrastructure systems. However, it was not until the 1990s that a renewed interest in the performative (infrastructural) capacity of green spaces for storm water management reinvents the concept of the park network as a metropolitan system.

a strategically planned network of high quality natural and semi-natural areas with other environmental elements, designed and managed to provide a wide range of ecosystem services and protect biodiversity from both rural and urban settlements.

More specifically, since it is a spatial structure that generates direct health benefits to people, green infrastructure systems aim to improve nature’s capacity to provide a multitude of valuable eco-systemic goods and services, such as clean air and water.”

The American Planning Association uses this concept in its “smallscale green systems, designed as urban storm water management infrastructure.” Olmsted’s legacy, park systems are well accepted as urban ecosystem with numerous benefits for humans and wildlife.

The document continues “One of the key attractions of green infrastructure systems is its ability to perform different functions in the same space area. Unlike most “gray” infrastructure, which tend to have a single objective, green infrastructure is multifunctional, which means that it can promote solutions that benefit all or “small losses, large benefits” scenarios, which offer advantages to a wide range of stakeholders, as well as society in general. However, for this to happen, the ecosystem must be healthy. “

In 2013, the European Union (EU) defined Green Infrastructure “as

Using the European Union’s green infrastructure definition, the

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government of the autonomous community of Valencia began planning green infrastructure systems with the “Proposal of Territorial Action Plan of green infrastructures and landscapes of the Valencian Community, March 2011. In Vitoria-Gasteiz “Plan for Urban Sustainability Indicators” and Sevilla’s “Special Plan for Indicators of Environmental Sustainability of Urban Development”planners like Salvador Rueda re advancing similar proposals.

After analyzing these different plans, we adopt the indicators proposed by Salvador Rueda for the “Plan of Urban Sustainability Indicators,”with twol objectives: the improvement of the flow and the ability to maintain the response capacity of the ecosystem.

Salvador Rueda lists 8 groups with 50 indicators in Vitoria-Gasteiz: 1. Land use.

2. Public space and livability.

3. Mobility and services.

4. Urban complexity.

5. Urban metabolism.

6. Green Spaces and Urban Biodiversity.

7. Social cohesion.

8. Guide on sustainability.

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We propose to use the indicators from groups 2 and 6. Group 2 indicators “Public space and Livability” aim at quality public space. Salvador Rueda states that: “One of the main challenges of the sustainable urban model is to transform the public space into a much more livable environment.

Nowadays most of the public space is limited by the functions associated with the private vehicle. This reality derives from a planning of the public space that is not very flexible, which directly affects coexistence, a factor of great importance for a more sustainable city. For this reason, the redefinition of the urban model requires instruments and methodologies that consider the human scale as a factor of analysis, which include a more integral form, an assessment of the streets and their potential as a space of relationship, linking aspects such as universal accessibility, as the comfort variables or the perceptual variations”.

neighborhood with that of the Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún Park.

By improving the quality of the pedestrian experience of those that frequent and dwell in the neighborhood we improve the spatial perception of the urban green spaces.

Working in conjunction with the urban mobility team, we propose turning the gray infrastructure of the Valdeacederas neighborhood in Tetuán into green spaces that enhance the relationship of the

- 36. Soil Permeability.

- 37. Green surface per inhabitant.

- 39. Proximity of green spaces.

- 41. Density of trees per street.

- 43. Green network connectivity.

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Perception of urban green spaces.

Group 6 five indicators, “Green spaces and urban biodiversity,”aim to increase urban biodiversity.

However, there are considerations that qualify this aspect. On one hand, human beings experience a kind of “need of nature”more difficult to satisfy as cities grow and contact with nature becomes more difficult or requires greater distances. This, and the loss of biodiversity itself require that the urban plot becomes more permeable to natural elements.

The five indicators shall be used for the subject titled “Physical and Environmental Issues:”

These indicators will improve the quality of the Valdeacederas neighborhood in the district of Tetuán.

In addition to this we intend to focus on empty lots to give us the opportunity to make small local urban green pocket parks. In addition, we propose creating a new central plaza for the neighborhood, creating a new nexus, a new point of centrality for the neighborhood thereby affording the residential population of the west end of the neighborhood to have a new central point they can access with qualities and services similar to that of the “Plaza de la Remonta” on the east end of the neighborhood.

Also it must be mentioned that these “Green Pocket Park” generate small spaces with a diversity of uses, allowing the inhabitants a variety of activities in these spaces with the goal of connecting and generating a green connected network at a neighborhood scale.

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3.2. GENERAL CONCEPTS

In this section, we will talk about the physical and environmental problems present in the neighborhood of Valdeacederas..

We will start with the definition of green infrastructure, as this project aims at increased access to a better, greener and more interconnected network between the park Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún and the neighborhood.

One of the fundamental strategies is the reconfiguration of roads and the transformation of gray into green infrastructure, creating green corridors with the guidance of the indicators mentioned above.

Green Infrastructure According to Benedict and McMahon (2002:5), green infrastructure is “an interconnected network of green spaces that conserve the functions and values of natural ecosystems and provide benefits associated with the human population”, and although this idea dates back to 1900 (Benedict & McMahon, 2006) the term green infrastructure only appears strongly during the last decade in the design and planning of urban and semi-urban environments (Tzoulas et al., 2007; Eisenman, 2013).

The concept is broad: it includes everything from a natural forest and a wetland, to small water ways, hedges and patches of regenerated lands. It can also include engineering elements: aqueducts, bridges for wildlife, semi-urban parks and within the city even green roofs and walls provided they harbor biodiversity and allow ecosystems to function.

(Conama 2016) To halt the loss of animal species, the EU has set an objective for 2020, since it is necessary to incorporate a multitude of environmental policies and not just one like the Natura 2000 Network of European protected areas. For this reason, sustainable green infrastructure plans have been prepared in several countries to establish restoration, connectivity and green infrastructure in a technical and coherent manner.

The EU defines it in general terms as a strategically planned network of high quality natural and semi-natural areas with other environmental elements, designed and managed to provide a wide range of ecosystem services and to protect the biodiversity of both rural and urban settlements.

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More specifically, as it is a spatial structure that generates benefits of nature to people, the green infrastructure aims to improve the capacity of nature to provide multiple and valuable ecosystem goods and services, such as clean water or air. He also maintains that one of the key aspects of green infrastructure is the capacity it to perform different functions in the same space. This stands in stark contrast of the so-called “gray spaces” that today dominate cities and which usually only have a single use or function per space.

For this same reason, green spaces aim to achieve a multifunctional objective, thus promoting solutions that benefit all scenarios—“small losses, big benefits.”

Green infrastructure is composed of a wide range of different environmental elements that can operate at different levels, from small linear elements such as hedges, fish scales or green roofs to completely functional ecosystems, such as floodplains, forests, wetlands or freely flowing rivers. Each of these elements can contribute to the green infrastructure in urban, semi-urban and rural areas, both outside and inside protected areas and park.

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A green network can provide multiple ecosystems services. The following concepts serve as a conceptual basis for the proposal.

MICROCLIMATE AND BIODIVERSITY REDUCTION OF CO2 EMISSIONS During the last century there has been an increase in temperature throughout the world (Lashof and Ahuja, 1990), a phenomenon that has been related to anthropogenic climate change. Two causes stand out among the causes of climate change; the first is the increase in greenhouse gases (GHG), of which carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most dominant (Olivier et al., 2005); and the second is the loss of huge storages of natural carbon found in the trees of jungles and forests, mainly due to deforestation.

(Challenge, 2009).

The effects of climate change have been noticed in rural and urban areas (Nowak and Crane, 2002). However, it is the cities that contribute most to the increase in atmospheric CO2 (Velasco and Roth, 2010, p.1238), since, although they cover less than 3% of the earth’s surface, they consume 75% of its energy. Cities

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produces 80% of global gas emissions while simultaneously concentrating a high percentage of the human population which is at risk from the same high CO2 concentrations. (Chuanglin et al, 2015). Likewise, when the population and the urban area increase, CO2 emissions increase as a result of a greater consumption of fuel needed to cover increasingly long journeys of the population, which is usually far away from goods and services (Liu and Li, 2012; Velasco and Roth, 2010).

Recent comparative analyzes have found that there is a big difference in the CO2 capture potential between natural and urban forests (Hyun-Kil, 2002).

It has also been reported that the capacity to capture CO2 can vary because the growth rate of urban vegetation is altered by the increase in temperature (heat islands), increased deposition of nitrogen and other pollutants (Wang and Pataki , 2010). It is even known that the density of urban trees is lower (compared to natural forests), which reduces competition among them, changing their growth and allometry, which effects their

ability of capturing and storing CO2 (McHale et al. ., 2009).

Urban trees capture and store carbon, absorbing it in their tissues, helping to offset the carbon emissions produced by urban activities (Noak et al., 2008).

The capture of carbon by urban vegetation refers to the annual rate of capture and storage of CO2 during a season of (annual) growth of vegetation, for the case of trees this will depend mainly on the growth rates (growing trees fast initially capture more CO2 than one of slow growth), (Chaparro and terradas, 2009), age, condition (young individuals retain carbon at higher rates than mature trees) and tree life expectancy- when the tree dies its carbon is released into the atmosphere (Stoffberg et al., 2010).

CLIMATE CHANGE AND IMPROVEMENT Climate change is considered a “variation of average climatic conditions and / or variations of their properties that are maintained over a prolonged period of time, usually decades or longer ... either produced by an

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internal natural processes or by an external actors changing the composition of the atmosphere and land uses “ (IPCC, 2012: 557).

Trees offer a valuable habitat for much of the urban fauna, including bees, and therefore aid in pollination (Doick et al., 2016);

Urban parks as green spaces are much more than just part of the scenery; they promote spaces for recreation and affinity to nature through their colors, shapes and aromas; they are capable of providing endless environmental services.

Urban green spaces provide habitat for a considerable number of bird and animal species. Urban residents are familiar with some of these local species accustomed to urban conditions. In places where there are parks and vegetation, local and migratory species can find suitable habitats.

“Environmental services ... are the intangible benefits that different ecosystems or biomass make available to society in a natural way which influence the maintenance of life, generating benefits and well-being for people and communities” (Reyes and Gutiérrez, 2010 : 97).

The regulation of temperature by reducing the temperature of the air and the so-called heat island effect (Akbari et al., 2001).

PROTECTION OF WATER SOURCES Urban trees also help to reduce flash floods. (Bolund and Hunhammar, 1999).

IMPROVEMENT OF WILDLIFE HABITAT GREEN ZONES + WATER

The system of urban green areas connected to the system of rural areas protected by biological corridors can contribute to the restoration of the ecological diversity of entire bioregions of the country. Cities are established on ecosystems that they often destroy.

The flora and fauna that populates a specific region tend to disappear, be displaced, or acclimate to the new urban environment. This process seriously depletes the genetic diversity of a region (both plants and animals). If specific measures are not taken, the area is exposed to the extinction of some species that are essential for the natural ecosystem and consequently for the resident human population.

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Belts and green corridors can become biological corridors for a wide range of species of plants and animals that inhabit the surrounding bioregion. In this way, the species maintain the necessary space to disperse their genetic material, a crucial process for the survival of any species.

NOISE REDUCTION The performance of any human activity, almost always involves a sound level more or less elevated.

Noise is defined as an excessive and annoying sound that affects the livability levels of a city and the public health of the population.

(Salvador Rueda, 2010) Acoustic contamination can produce, in extreme cases, different levels of hearing loss.

Ambient noise is also a precursor to behavioral and physiological effects that are less evident, but not less important, such as problems of concentration, fatigue, or irritation. Point-specific increases in the level of noise activate autonomous physiological systems, causing temporary responses such as an increase in blood pressure, heart rate and vasoconstriction. (WHO, 1999).

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Ecosystems cushion the impact of natural phenomena, protect the soil, are a barrier against noise, conserve biodiversity, improve the landscape (Reyes and GutiĂŠrrez, 2010). The barriers of plants and trees will deflect the sound away, and if they are at right angles to the source, they will reflect the noise at their source. If the noise passes through or around the vegetation, it will be refracted and consequently dissipated.

Vegetation can also disguise sounds, as one listens selectively to the sounds of nature over the noises of the city.

CONTROL OF RUNOFF ROUTES Green infrastructure can be used, for example, to reduce runoff from stormy rainfall that seeps into sewer networks and, ultimately, into lakes, rivers and streams, taking advantage of the retention and absorption capabilities of vegetation and the ground.

(European Environment Agency) PERMEABILITY OF THE SOIL

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POCKET PARKS Pocket parks, also known as miniparks, are urban open spaces on the very small scale. Usually only the size of a small house or small lot. Pocket parks can be hidden and scattered throughout the urban fabric where they serve the local population.

These tiny parks tend to act as small-scale neighborhood parks, but still often try to meet a variety of needs. Functions may include small spaces for events, play areas for children, spaces to relax or simply meet friends, have lunch.

They can be a refuge from the hustle and bustle of surrounding urban life and offer opportunities for rest and relaxation. However, because space is restricted and

The urbanism of a city ends up directly affecting the soil.

The waterproofing process, through building and paving,

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does not allow the development of ecosystems. It destroys the structure of the soil and prevents infiltration, being able to produce unpredictable responses, such as floods, or affecting the ecological flow. The objective, therefore, is to analyze the level of impact of urbanization on the ground and to define procedures that guarantee the most minimal impact.

(Salvador Rueda, 2010)

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user needs are diverse and vary throughout the day, conflicts can sometimes arise between different groups. Thus, in the planning of pocket parks, designers and planners often have to work out a delicate balancing act so that all groups can use the space in peaceful coexistence.

Pocket parks can be created from vacant lots or from other forgotten spaces. Many pocket parks are the results and labor of community groups, private entities or foundations claiming these spaces for the benefit of the local neighborhood. Unfortunately, sometimes they are easier to create than to maintain, since, without a functional design and community support and upkeep they can deteriorate into a poor condition.

The ecological functions of pocket parks are probably limited, since they are generally designed for intensive use by people and because they are usually located in dense urban areas. However, they present opportunities to increase the amount of permeable surfaces throughout the city and could also function as patches for some animals, especially birds. (Pocket Parks, Alison Blake, Urban Parks).

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BENEFITS TO THE CITIZENRY HEALTH The services provided to society by urban trees are diverse, they can play an important role in improving the health and comfort of residents within cities through the absorption and filtering of pollutants, the improvement of local quality of air and water.

(Bolund and Hunhammar, 1999).

Additionally, it has been reported that green areas play an important role in reducing stress levels and improving the recovery time of some disease (Ulrich, 1979).

The shade of the trees and the resulting drop in temperature, especially in the hottest seasons explain why people tend to congregate in parks. In this way urban green areas have a very important social function.

being common areas of recreation, gathering, recreation, sports as well as cultural issues and environmental education (Forestry Commission, 2010).

Green areas are one of the main places for recreation in most cities, especially for lower income residents. These residents tend to frequent local parks more than wealthier citizens due to financial constraints and restrictions in their free time.

EDUCATION Parks and other green spaces also provide educational opportunities for urban residents in many cities giving them the concept of botanical gardens, nature trails, and even information centers for the visitor, which can inform both residents and tourists about the flora and fauna of the region.

The shade of trees also reduces exposure to ultraviolet rays and consequently decreases the risks of health damage such as skin cancer and cataracts (Heisler et al., 1995).

RECREATION Trees improve social cohesion by

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3.3. EXAMPLES OF GOOD PRACTICES

In order to illustrate those concepts in practice and to establish some basic guidelines for the proposals, we studied some previous projects in distinct places of the world that were able to tackle issues similar as the ones we found in the Valdeacederas neighborhood. Due to the positive achievements of these projects and experiences they were selected as references of good practices in urban mobility and urban design.

CASE 1: PILOT PAVEMENT PROJECT: WESTMORELAND PORTLAND, OREGON Portland, Oregon wanted to investigate different forms of permeable street surfacing to see which system would best handle storm runoff and help reduce the need for storm water treatment. They installed pervious concrete, porous asphalt, and permeable pavers on a residential street in Portland’s Westmoreland neighborhood.

Then came the test: the City of Portland flushed 2,000 gallons of water in a tenminute period over each surface to see how they would perform. The concrete and porous asphalt absorbed the water at a rate of 47 inches per hour, while the permeable pavers handled it 27% faster, at a rate of 60 inches per hour.

By comparison, soil alone can only absorb 1-3 inches. Brett Kesterson, the City’s project engineer, has been very impressed. “Not only do the pavers perform well, but the local residents love the Old World look.”

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CASE 2: GREEN NEIGHBORHOODS AND HEALTH IN LARGE URBAN CENTER Professional office analysis for a Strategic Plan Implementation: Unknown Year: 2005 Author: Space Syntax Limited ©

Main concept: Another application of the space syntax analysis, in this case to simulate the response of the urban structure of the city of Jeddah to different scenarios of interventions proposed by two strategic plans (“b” and “c”) compared to the actual situation (“a”). It’s possible then to evaluate the one with better benefits to the global integration of the city.

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3.4. CURRENT STATE OF THE STUDY AREA

When carrying out the analysis of the Valdeacederas neighborhood, it has been identified that, in the environmental arena, the Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún park functions in a very optimal way, however, the study area will be carried out only in the urban areas. The neighborhood is divided physically and spatially, separated by Pinos Alta Street. The Northside section

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we will call Zone 1 and the rest of the neighborhood we will be called zone 2.

Zone 1 considered as the new settlement, is full of contemporary buildings and an orderly urban layout; Zone 2, considered as the old area where its first settlements are located, is a more extensive area with irregular plots. Zone 2, in turn, has been subdivided into two

sectors along the street Capital Blanco Argibay, to homogenize the study so that three sectors with homogeneous areas are Sector 1, Sector 2 and Sector 3.

The strategy of sectorization will help to identify how each zone meets each indicator on our quality of life standards, and that so that a general image of each area is obtained.

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SECTOR 1 Located in the northeast area of the neighborhood, the sector has 53 blocks. With a road section that varies from 50 meters on the Avenida de Asturias, up to 8m on Baracaldo street, the typology of housing mostly multifamily, the heights of the buildings vary between 3 and 7 floors.

SOIL PERMEABILITY: These areas are 90% built with asphalt cover so that impervious soils predominate, complicating the filtration process of rainwater.

Currently the neighborhood has a permeability index below the minimum value, which demonstrates its compact urban morphology.

GREEN AREA PER INHABITANT: There are three green zones in the entire neighborhood and two are located on Avenida Asturias and one on Pinos Alta Street. They are in good condition; however, they are virtually small spaces considering the entire population they serve, being surrounded by multifamily units. The endowment of green surface is of 0.3 m2 / hab, without taking into account the park Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún, this value is very below the recommended minimum.

PROXIMITY TO GREEN SPACES: In the following image, there is an analysis with radiuses of influence that vary according to the area that has the green space according to the indicators. However, there are more green spaces in contiguous areas, which influence this sector and improve the proximity . The analysis shows that the radiuses of green spaces covers only 60% of Sector 1, that is to say, not all the local population has access to green spaces nearby without counting on the Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún park.

DENSITY OF TREES BY STREET: The only streets that have a high proportion of vegetation is the Paseo de la Dirección and Avenida Asturias, which have a section greater than 30 meters. In the other streets the vegetation is extremely scarce in public space.

In this sector, all its streets are consolidated and have a width greater than 8 meters, having a high potential to plant trees.

CONNECTIVITY OF GREEN NETWORK: As shown in Map 5, the connectivity of the green spaces with public street trees is directed mainly in the areas located on Avenida Asturias and Paseo de la Dirección.

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SPATIAL PERCEPTION OF URBAN GREEN: As shown in the previous indicators, the zone does not have a green perception.

The results obtained reflect that in this Sector the spatial perception of urban green is insufficient according to our indicator.

SECTOR 2 Located in the central area of the neighborhood, Sector 2 consists of 49 blocks. With streets that vary from 15 meters in the Paseo de la Dirección, to 7m in the street of the Alfalfa. The typology of housing is mostly multifamily.

The heights of the buildings vary between 2 and 7 floors.

SOIL PERMEABILITY: The area is 80% built with asphalt cover, so that impervious soils predominate making the filtration of rainwater difficult, despite the existing trees on the streets. Currently the neighborhood has a permeability index below the minimum value, which demonstrates its compact urban morphology.

GREEN AREA PER INHABITANT: There are only 4 public green spaces and all are located in the

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central area of Sector 2. They are in good condition, however, they are very small spaces considering the entire population they serve, surrounded by multifamily buildings. The endowment of green surface is 0.2 m2 / hab, without taking into account the Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún park, this value is well below the recommended minimum.

PROXIMITY TO GREEN SPACES: The radiuses map of influence at 200m around each green area, according to the indicators of Salvador Rueda. In addition, there are more green areas in contiguous areas, which influence the area, so that proximity is improved.

The analysis shows that each green zone radius covers 85% of Sector 2, that is, not all the population has access to green spaces without counting on the Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún park.

DENSITY OF TREES BY STREET: The vegetation in this sector is scarce, it is located in several streets of the Sector, however, it has a greater incidence in the Calle del Capitán Blanco Argibay located in the extreme south of this sector.

In this sector, all its sections are consolidated and have a width greater than 7 meters, having a good potential to plant trees.

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CONNECTIVITY OF GREEN NETWORK: There is few treelined street so there is deficient connectivity with green spaces.

SPATIAL PERCEPTION OF URBAN GREEN: As shown in the previous indicators, the area has a low perception of green. In this space, public walls were identified, several buildings, which are considered opportunity spaces where green facades are to be implemented.

The results obtained reflect that in this Sector the spatial perception of urban green is insufficient according to the indicators analyzed above.

SECTOR 3 This section is located in the eastern part of the neighborhood, consists of 25 blocks, road section that varies from 30 meters in the street to 7 meters in the street of the clover, with a typology of housing mostly multifamily, the heights of the buildings vary between 1 and 6 floors SOIL PERMEABILITY: The area is 90% built with asphalt cover so that impervious soils predominate making the filtration of rainwater difficult despite the existing trees

on the streets. Currently the neighborhood has a permeability index below the minimum value, which demonstrates its compact urban morphology.

GREEN AREA PER INHABITANT: The only public green space is located in Pinos Alta street, it is in good condition, however, it is a very small space considering the population it serves and is surrounded by multifamily buildings. The endowment of green surface is 0.2 m2 / hab, without taking into account the park Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún.

This value is well below the recommended minimum.

PROXIMITY TO GREEN SPACES: According to the analysis map of radiuses of influence at 200m following the indicators of Salvador Rueda. However, it is one of the areas with the least proximity to green spaces.

The analysis shows that each green zone covers only 50% of Sector 3, that means only half of the population has access to green spaces without counting Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún park.

DENSITY OF TREES BY STREET: The vegetation in this sector is scarce, it is located in several streets of the Sector, however, it has greater density on the streets

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CapitĂĄn Blanco and MarquĂŠs de Viana.

In this sector, all its streets are consolidated and have a width greater than 8 meters, having a high potential to plant trees.

CONNECTIVITY OF GREEN NETWORK: There is little connectivity between the existing green zones and the trees on public streets.

SPATIAL PERCEPTION OF URBAN GREEN: As shown in the previous indicators, the area has a low perception of green. In this space,

public walls were identified as opportunity spaces where green facades are to be implemented.

The results obtained reflect that in this Sector the spatial perception of urban green is insufficient according to the indicators analyzed above.

CONCLUSIONS OF THE ANALYSIS BY SECTORS: To summarize this chapter, a diagnostic table has been drawn up where it has been concluded

that all three sectors of the neighborhood have very low amounts of points with respect to the Salvador Rueda indicators.

There are very small differences between the three sectors: In soil permeability, sector 1 is the most deficient, however, in Green Area per inhabitant, sectors 2 and 3 have the lowest. In proximity to green spaces, Sectors 1 and 3 have the lowest. On density of trees, sector 2 is the one with the lowest.

Sectors 2 and 3 have the lowest spatial perception of urban green as well.

Summary table of the analysis indicators for the defined sectors

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3.5. INTERVENTIONS AND STRATEGIES Our proposal incorporates a network of accessible green spaces on foot from each dwelling and a network of parks interconnected with other urban green areas. This should satisfy the neighborhood recreational needs while providing a multitude of services such as air purification, tranquility, biodiversity and water management.

A) PROPOSAL ON SOIL PERMEABILITY Road reconfiguration of the Valdeacederas neighborhood This analysis was made from the reconfiguration of the streets. In the mobility section of this project is where the new routes and configurations are identified.

Orange = streets to increase in trees and in pedestrian walkability.

Red = Streets prioritized for pedestrians.

Blue = shared mixed streets, Green = Streets identified for the implementation of green and blue infrastructure.

The implementation of permeable surfaces depends on 3 factors: 1.The specific road and/or street and if the green zones will be extended to it.

2 The street capacity to be re-made into a pedestrian priority street, 3. If the street will turn into a green infrastructure tree lined street which will complement and help complete the green infrastructure network circuit of the neighborhood. The aim is to achieve optimum soil permeability, taking advantage of the runoff and connectivity routes.

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B) TREE DENSITY Existing trees of the Valdeacederas neighborhood in orange.

The location of the public street trees in the internal roads is insufficient.

There should be one tree for every three inhabitants, which is what the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends to ensure a good, healthy quality of clean air. However, in Valdeacederas, the neighborhood has 1 tree for every 13 inhabitants. Every existing tree in the neighborhood was counted. There are 1966 trees in our study area.

Proposal for the re-forestation of the neighborhood of Valdeacederas.

From an environmental psychology perspective, we highlight the importance of contemplation of nature for human welfare. It is proposed that trees be implanted in the roads considered for the Green Network Proposal, with the implementation of new trees it was possible to reduce the rate of 13 people per tree, obtaining an amount of 7 people per tree.

The planting of 1,412 new trees is proposed as to increase the amount of trees in the study area to 3,378 trees.

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C) PROXIMITY OF GREEN SPACES Radiuses of Influence in the Valdeacederas neighborhood At present there are approximately 9 public green spaces, which, according to their radius size of influence, do not cover the entire sector. However, although the large park located in the west zone influences the area, it is not considered because its accesses is limited.

Green color current green spaces.

Pink circles are the area of influence of each zone, Orange circle is the influence area of the central square.

Radius of Influence of the current green areas and proposals in the Valdeacederas neighborhood.

Many areas of opportunity have been identified, a lot of them being empty lots in which pocket parks are proposed. These empty lots have a great variety in both their area, shape and radius of influence. 26 current and potential green space sites have been identified within the study area and their radius of influence cover practically the entire neighborhood.

We propose that 90% of the inhabitants of Valdeacederas have access to green spaces and public parks.

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D) SPATIAL PERCEPTION OF URBAN GREEN Current urban green spaces of the Valdeacederas neighborhood The presence of green elements in the urban landscapes is one of the needs most explicitly felt by the local population according to our analysis.

It shows the trees and the current green spaces, however, as it has been noted. they are not enough trees and green spaces to cover the need of the residents.

Proposed urban green infrastructure and green spaces of the Valdeacederas neighborhood The proposal intends that in addition to the public street trees and pocket parks, the neighborhood needs a green pedestrian network as well as green facades on empty walls.

An urban vision is proposed that stands out for the extensive presence of green walls and spaces. In this way we comply with the valuation index.

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E) CONNECTIVITY OF GREEN NETWORKS Green Network connectivity of the Valdeacederas neighborhood A completely interconnected system between green spaces and public street trees is proposed as well as a cultural and/or historical route where various points of interest that are interconnected were the historical memory and past of the

neighborhood and district are remembered and celebrated.

These spaces will help to provide an identity and a sense of place to the neighborhood.

F) GREEN SPACE PER INHABITANT For the green area per inhabitant proposal, the indicators of Salvador Rueda are used. Salavdor suggest standardizing the terms that are used in the studies and area related to urban green spaces.

In this way, it can be commonly and easily defined.

It is important to emphasize that the neighborhood is purely residential with its multifamily housing units. The number of

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inhabitants is greater than in a single-family typology.

The percentage of green areas per inhabitant usually grows once green spaces are interconnected with the existing larger park system. Urban re-forestation, the creating of new green areas and the building of green facades also help to contribute to the increase of green spaces per inhabitant.

Índice Salvador Rueda: Objetivo ≥10 m2/hab Índice Valdeacederas: 7 m2/hab aprox.

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FINAL PROPOSAL

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3.6. CONCLUSIONS

With the proposed pocket parks, the residential population of the neighborhood will have access to several green spaces that will cover over 90% of the study area.

The permeability of the existing soil is compensated by the proposal. The increase of green spaces and the placement of soils that enhance the vegetation are key so that the hydrological cycle maintains fully operational and functional which improve the conditions of the local environment.

The tree density per street skyrockets in our proposal because it is considered necessary as so to

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meet the ideals and standards set by the world health organization.

Valdeacederas has a small amount of green spaces but with the implementation of pocket parks, it could lead to a large increase in several quality of life indicators that are interrelated, which also reinforces the presence of the Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún park.

There is a low level of soil permeability in the neighborhood which is derived from the urbanization process. This project with its proposals does not completely satisfy the neighborhood needs of soil surface permeability. However, it greatly

increases the overall percentage of soil permeability in the neighborhood.

Currently, the street trees of the neighborhood are discontinuous and with a very small presence in the interior of the neighborhood.

However street trees exist in great quantities on the borders of the neighborhood, specifically on the perimeter roads of the neighborhood since they usually have a greater street width. The planting of trees in specific streets is recommended for providing for a prosperous and continuous urban green interconnected network.

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Green areas, public space, spaces of civic representation, environmental performance, reduction of CO2 emmissions, Green infrastructures, renaturalization, adaptation to Climate Change

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04

SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES

4.1. THEMATIC CONCEPTUALIZATION

SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES “A Sustainable community is one that builds its territory looking for a balance between economic, environmental, social and institutional aspects with a perspective of equity in the long term” (Villar, 2016, pág. 2).

To build a sustainable community is necessary to take into account the following topics: URBAN STRUCTURE: Demand for land, land use, landscape and green space, urban comfort, compactness, complexity, public space, comfortable buildings.

MOBILITY SUSTAINABLE: Dense networks for pedestrian and cyclist, urban boulevards, slow modes, public transport, etc.

NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL: Create to Green fingers and green infrastructure in the zones; biodiversity areas, microclimatic conditions, adequate and natural water systems, energy efficiency in addition, is important considered

the bioclimatic designs in the new and existing buildings.

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BALANCE: Social cohesion, neighborhood meetings, different activities for the population in common spaces, jobs, education, health care, etc.

ECO NEIGHBOURHOOD The eco-neighborhood concept has been used since the late 1990s (Dominguez de Teresa, 2017), however, “there is no official definition of the term eco-neighborhood proposed by the competent institutions or agencies and agreed upon in debate forums” (Morán, 2008), so it can be considered as a term in constant evolution. Some of the authors advancing the concept of eco-neighborhood and prioritizing different aspects of it, are Rudlin and Falk (1999), Carlos Verdaguer (2000) and Salvador Rueda (2005).

The eco-neighborhood idea appears in the publication “Building the home of the 21st

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century: the sustainable urban neighborhood” of Rudlin and Falk, 1999 (Dominguez de Teresa, 2017): “the objective of the eco- neighborhood is an integral conception of the urban space considered. It is a way of approaching the social, economic and environmental problems inside the urbanism” (Dominguez de Teresa, 2017, p.6). The authors distinguish four aspects in an econeighborhood: sustainability, urban structure, social sustainability and natural growth According to Morán (2008), these four aspects refer to sustainability, focused on the reduction of energy inputs and materials through local resources, the reduction of outputs and valorization of the local economy; the urban structure, based on the mixture of uses; the social sustainability affirmed in the social cooperation and participation; and natural growth based on the capacity of transformation of its inhabitants.

On the other hand, in the publication “Of the sustainability

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to the eco-neighborhood” Carlos Verdaguer (2000) maintains that one fundamental aspect is the insertion of the eco-neighborhood in the city, not being an isolated element, but well integrated into the territory that interacts, since […] an adequate insertion in its environment, with a smooth transversal relationship with the neighborhoods and bordering areas, with good access to services and equipment of a central nature and a good connection with global networks, would constitute one of the distinguishing features of an eco- neighborhood integrated. […] also the respect to the preexistences and the milestones considered signs of local cultural identity, the respect and the integration of the landscape elements and the preservation of the natural areas. (Verdaguer, 2000, p.73) Verdaguer (2000) distinguishes the following aspects for an econeighborhood: urban integrated system, the community structure with own identity and the environmental sustainability.

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Consequently, in the book “Eco-neighborhood in Europe.

New residential environments”, Salvador Rueda (2005) points out that the “design, construction or remodeling, where appropriate, of neighborhoods with the development of the four axes, provides us with the necessary content to the idea of “econeighborhood” (EMVS, 2005, p.18), being the fundamental aspects: compactness, complexity, efficiency and social security.

and also, in the sphere of social security, in relation to social cohesion, co-development and anticipatory capacity to create the fundamental conditions, since “in the” growth “of individuals and groups”, it becomes the guiding function of social programs “(EMVS, 2005, p.21).

Rueda (2005) points out that “the compactness in the urban environment expresses the idea of proximity of the components that make up the city, that is, the meeting in a more or less limited space of urban uses and functions” (EMVS, 2005, p.18). In addition, it shows that complexity “is linked in this way to a certain mixture of order and disorder, an intimate mixture that in urban systems can be analyzed, in part, using the concept of diversity” (EMVS, 2005, p.20). Also, Rueda insists on the efficiency in the urban metabolism to achieve the minimum disturbance of the ecosystems;

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: Encompasses the thermal comfort variables, CO2 sinks and green infrastructures in sustainable communities.

According to these contributions, we present a conceptual scheme with 3 fundamental areas of sustainable communities:

SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY: Variables around social networks and social relationships, such as participation and social cohesion in sustainable communities.

URBAN MODEL: Variables related to the occupation of the territory, such as urban metabolism in relation to water and energy networks, mobility and accessibility, and mixed uses in neighborhood zones.

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ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY Insertion within the environment (urban and natural), prioritizing the reuse of land and built heritage over new developments.

- Occupation of consolidated and abandoned land: industrial, military or any other disused infrastructure will be preferable to the occupation of new land. The objective will be to reduce the consumption of undeveloped land.

- Respect for pre-existing, both urban (buildings, paths, infrastructures) and the cultural landscape (traditional uses of the immediate environment) and natural areas (protection).

- Presence of nature in the city.

Green areas that make visible the natural cycles in the urban environment. Vegetation adapted to the climate and used to achieve environmental comfort in the public space.

Element of environmental

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education, citizen involvement and local production (urban agriculture).

SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY Social sustainability implies not only encouraging and allowing relationships and social interactions in spaces of coexistence of any social scale, and above all, improving the degree of coexistence between groups of people with income, gender, cultures, ages or different professionals. through designs, actions and policies that promote integration, equitable redistribution of urban benefits and available resources, social justice, equality, inclusion, resolution, acceptance of the dispute or difference as a positive value, access to housing, the consolidation and creation of public facilities and equipment, etc.

The Nobel Prize Amartya Sen synthesizes social sustainability in 6 dimensions: equity, diversity, social cohesion, quality of life,

democracy and governance, maturity.

The social sustainability highlights the importance of fostering relations between individuals and the cohesion between them.

Thus, to give a clearer example, it is not only a question of creating public space per se but also of designing the necessary devices so that society can “participate” in its management or “decide” its use and destination. In the same way, this understanding of reality requires that these spaces be integrating, that allow the difference and diversity in the way to enjoy them.

This is not exclusive to public space. Private space and infrastructures should favor social interactions and all these associated values: the layout of a tram can integrate neighborhoods of people of different income, age, culture, etc. into its route. Therefore, this idea of sustainability should not be restricted to the public space only,

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since the spaces of coexistence are as multiple and diverse as the people themselves.

Socially sustainable development is twofold: on the one hand, it involves fostering interaction or participation and, on the other, ensuring cohesion. In this way, this sustainability promotes a society that behaves collectively and cohesively, facing the individuality and segregation of less sustainable urban development models. (More Than Green,2015).

URBAN MODEL It is taken as the city model, referring not only to physical design but also to economic activities and the growth process (Alonso, 2008) reflected in a neighborhood with autonomy and at the same time connected with density and mix uses (residential, equipment, employment) and short distances.

where most of the productive and consuming activity is concentrated, both of energy and of the natural resources that propitiate it. Nearly 50% of the CO2 emissions that are emitted into the atmosphere are directly related to the construction and use of buildings.

Another 25% comes from emissions from public and private transport. Around 40-50% of the population of large cities regularly use the private vehicle (CAT-MED, s.f.).

The latter reflects the need of cities to develop a new urban model at the time of action which, according to Habitat is comprised of three main aspects:

At present, 80% of the population of the European part of the Mediterranean lives in cities,

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4.2. INTERVENTIONS AND STRATEGIES

The four main objectives of the interventions are: 1. Achieve innovative proposal in the Tetuรกn neighborhood, using sustainable design criteria.

2. Use an efficient urban politicies to create a neighborhood sustainable.

3. Revaluate of the Canal de Isabel II to preserve the neighborhood memory.

4. Visual and physical connection from neighborhood with the park.

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A) REVALUATE THE “CANAL BAJO DE ISABEL II” The intervention proposes the reconstruction of the Canal Bajo de Isabel II, restoring its continuity through the connection of the visible sections with the buried ones. This way, we rescue the route and historical memory of this infrastructure as an articulating element of heritage in the city.

We consider the three aspects that define a sustainable community: Environmental Sustainability: Intervention in visible points of

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aqueduct to enhance the public space, through a landscape and environmental treatment, security and sustainable lighting.

Social Sustainability: Space for cultural activities that encourage participation and social cohesion of the inhabitants of Tetuán in the park.

In this way, create itineraries of multigenerational activities that enhance the cultural life both day and night, enriching the social fabric of the city.

Urban model: Create a new way to inhabit the aqueduct to promote his patrimonial value, so that it is identified, valued and protected as the articulating element. As for the reconstruction of the “footprint” of the Canal Bajo de Isabel II, it is proposed to create a connecting path between the visible points of the aqueduct and the sections in which it is immersed, to bring a presence and remember its journey.

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A.1) REVALUATE THE CANAL BAJO DE ISABEL II. VISIBLE POINTS OF THE AQUEDUCT We choose one of the most significant points of the Canal de Isabel II to develop four interventions on the aqueduct and signal the footprint of its route.

the park. The proposals developed in this specific point may be replicable in other points of the aqueduct, as in the rest of the underground sections.

as permeability portals between the park and the neighborhood, generating an articulating element of patrimonial and cultural interest.

We choose the area of Marqués de Viana street, a main axis in the neighborhood, to promote the commercial corridor from Bravo Murillo up to Paseo de la Dirección. The intervention in the aqueduct conforms the architectural patrimonial piece of this axis and the portal of access to

The public space today does not have the proper treatment and care, being Canal Bajo de Isabel II an infrastructure of exceptional historical value for the city of Madrid. The intervention allows the protagonism of the equipments that make up the sections of the aqueduct, such

Below are the proposals for intervention in the Marqués de Viana area, which have been developed from the perspective of sustainable communities, and each one focuses on a specific treatment for this area of the aqueduct, with minor or larger interventions.

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POSSIBILITY OF INTERVENTION 1

The proposal consists of a floating platform that rests on support points anchored to the “Canal Bajo de Isabel II” structure, including: - Elevated Flooring Systems PLOT. - Handrails on aqueduct.

- Ecological lighting systems in parks.

POSSIBILITY OF INTERVENTION 2

This intervention generates a green envelope for the aqueduct with an accessible metal structure. This way, the green infrastructure contributes to the integration of the aqueduct in the landscape as an element of immersion and articulation. Enhancing the lighting of the aqueduct by recessed luminaries promotes visibility at night, relevant as a heritage element.

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POSSIBILITY OF INTERVENTION 3

The protection of the aqueduct includes a platform using only one section of canal, with a light steel structure. The design has glass handrails to as not damage the aqueduct image and the illuminated glass floors with led technology.

To respect the original structure, only will be place the steel columns in specific points, behind the frontal faรงade of canal for permit the direct view from the park.

POSSIBILITY OF INTERVENTION 4

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A.2) REVALUATE THE CANAL BAJO DE ISABEL II IN THE BURIED SECTIONS The Isabel II Canal transverses an undulating topography, and the pipeline is visible in certain places and underground in others.

The idea of intervention in the underground sections is to mark the route, to make it visible by creating an informative tour and putting the aqueduct into value For continuity of the route in the sections with the aqueduct, the intervention on the ground is the same, with the variation that in one of the cases it is necessary the earth movement or excavation for the level or in some cases it is necessary to fill so that the route does not have abrupt changes of level or percentages of inclination very high.

In addition, the proposal focuses on maintaining universal

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accessibility, so there will be no stairs on this route. Basically this design is very conservative and it is proposed that in one of its edges it moves in a wall, in which it serves as a support and also works as a seat to rest it, this wall also makes it to the containment of the land in the case there has been earth movement On the floor of this route, it is proposed to use the original aqueduct material to maintain the identity of the aqueduct.

As for the handrails, the proposal is based on having a passport that does not obstruct the view in the eyes of the seat in the wall-chair The proposal of the vegetation is also thought from the point of view to favor the visuals of the landscape and to feed the same

with a landscape treatment, in the space created at the highest edge of the route high vegetation is proposed, which in summer will give shade to the people who rest and on the lower side low vegetation is proposed, so that it does not impede the enjoyment of the landscape.

As for the lighting of this circuit that can also be traveled at night, we propose luminaries with LED light and that these are powered by photovoltaic panels.

So that the visitors know the importance of the pipeline on which they are walking, the implementation of information points is proposed, in which the history and the importance of this infrastructure are narrated.

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B) RELATIONSHIP NEIGHBORHOOD–PARK This intervention integrates the objectives of the City Council: 1) Materializes the permeability opportunities between neighborhood and park, 2) Maintains the functionality of Paseo de la Dirección, redefining its edge with the park.

The relationship neighborhoodpark takes Paseo de la Dirección as axis and it is structured around the three main areas of sustainable communities, thus: - Environmental Sustainability through mixed uses in the new spaces in the ground floor.

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- Social Sustainability through the creation of community spaces and citizen participation strategies.

- Urban model through green infrastructure between the main roads and the park. Conformation of the road axis as a green corridor (CO2 SINK).

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C) EFFICIENT HOUSING POLICY To apply efficient policies in housing plans, strategies framed in the following points have been taken into account:

- A sustainable design approach in attempt to connect with nature.

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- Intelligent indoors illumination system (light - emitting diode).

- Incorporate bioclimatic architecture systems in housings to Reduce an environmental impacts. The strategies has been development are:

- Water-saving systems, rainwater reuse, low flow fixture.

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- Solar collectors- solar panels.

- Eco- roof area in specific spaces.

SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY Community participation in the design the housing and the public spaces

URBAN MODEL Create a neighborhood of balanced mixed use.

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D) EFFICIENT HOUSING POLICY For the design of the interventions that will be carried out in the Valdeacederas neighborhood, it is necessary to propose certain urban design guidelines and parameters to be considered at the time of architecturally developing the opportunities areas, with the intention of generating efficiency and comfort. spaces for the enjoyment and development of the various activities, strengthening existing ones and creating adequate spaces for the development of future activities, which are proposed by the social participation of this sector.

GUIDELINES OR PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN The Valdeacederas neighborhood is a mostly consolidated neighborhood that still contains free spaces or opportunities

areas that can be used to meet the needs of the population, it is necessary to develop them efficiently.

COMPACTNESS IN THE SCALE OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD The compactness expresses the idea of proximity of the components that make up the city, which for this specific case will be addressed on a smaller scale since this concept seeks to rescue the idea of proximity between the inhabitants and the different equipment and equipment proposed, which is possible to move efficiently, avoiding the consumption of resources.

With the implementation of this concept, the objective is to promote contact and exchange in the public space and greater accessibility of citizens to all

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neighborhood services.

This brief introduction seeks to generate proximity of uses and density of urban functions, generate travel either on foot or by bicycle, avoiding the use of private vehicles unless strictly necessary and not for everyday activities.

MIXED USES IN VERTICAL It is a combination of housing, offices, shops, cultural centers, recreational areas and other uses in the same environment, creating a neighborhood that fits the possible sea where the inhabitants can live, work and enjoy leisure without having to do large displacements and avoid the maximum use of private vehicles, resulting in energy, environmental and economic savings Specifically, for this neighborhood,

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in the opportunities areas it is necessary to propose mixed uses at the level of general planning of the neighborhood and in the new buildings, and in the opportunities areas several uses are proposed that in turn can be developed in buildings that also VISUAL CONTINUITY By achieving visual continuity from and to the interior of a block or plot, we increase feelings of appropriation by the inhabitants.

In addition, it is sought that there is continuity of the surrounding built environment and the new buildings to be proposed, according to the need that each of the opportunity plots have been assigned.

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PERMEABILITY OF URBAN LAND

PERMEABILITY IN BUILDINGS

Valdeacederas has a very low percentage of permeable soil in its interior, and its northwest edge is the Agustín Rodriguez Sahagún Park, and to a large extent absorbs this need but that is not enough, since the one to generate a neighborhood model sustainable is necessary the presence of green within the city in high percentages.

Avoiding the creation of walled blocks (blocks with an inner courtyard surrounded by high-rise buildings), and an inappropriate intervention, can result in a wall closed to the rest of the neighborhood, which in turn would generate public spaces that are not integrated into the neighborhood; for which it is proposed that in the plots of opportunity, buildings are generated that liberate the first floor and generate different accesses and exits from the internal public space of the opportunity plot and the external public space, this proposal in turn contribute to the continuity visual aforementioned.

In this proposal it is necessary to implement, as far as possible and at the same time focusing on promoting the existence of permeable soils, in all the interventions that are carried out in the opportunity plots, with the purpose of generating comfortable urban spaces and aiming to obtain the eco-neighborhood model.

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Eliminating the ground floor barriers between public and private space and public spaces with each other, allows better integration of the building in the neighborhood, thus allowing the enjoyment of the spaces and generating social cohesion.

SUNSHINE AND VENTILATION The sunlight of a building is aimed at minimizing the building’s energy demand and a high level of comfort. According to the level of sunlight measures are established at the time of implementing a building, measures that are contained in the layout of the different building elements of the building itself (facades, roofs, windows, partitions, etc.).

The orientation of homes is a key factor for them to have access to the degree of energy sustainability.

Depending on how long and at what times of the year the solar light affects the house and the incidence of wind on the building, it will depend to a greater or lesser extent on other sources of energy less clean with the environment, so at the moment to propose the buildings in the plots of opportunity it is necessary to take into account this principle.

considerations and incorporate efficiency and ecological criteria.

In addition, building height variation helps the passage of light and ventilation of the surrounding buildings, since the movement generated by the difference in height creates urban microclimates positive in the case of being well conceived and harmful in the case of not having carried out this study.

MOVEMENT OF FACADES WITH DIFFERENCE IN HEIGHTS AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS The volumetric composition of the building, as well as the form and materials used, should address aesthetics and urban image

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E) URBAN GARDENS Urban gardens are green areas, land or public and private spaces used by a community of people who are allowed to grow them.

To share a vegetable garden and the passion for agriculture are often entire families, friends, heterogeneous groups of adults, seniors and children living in the same neighborhood or city and spend a good part of their free time taking care of the land. As ‘shared’, the garden belongs to all the components of the community that are not necessarily the owners of fact: in some cases, they pay a small rent, in others they do not incur any expense as they guarantee the decorum and the ordinary maintenance of the area.

Urban gardens are not just a concrete resource for individuals and families, but also an

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organizing concept for new ideas and practices on the quality of life, urban sustainability, the relationship between man, environment and nature. An interweaving of tangible, substantially predictable and tangible, dynamic elements that are not as predictable.

Experience shows us that urban gardens can generate a wide range of benefits within the community, and represent a way to build multiple and integrated results of an individual, social, environmental and economics that have to do with the relationship with nature, physical exercise, health and nutrition, self-esteem, environmental education, personal growth, friendship, capacity building, the expression of culture, inclusion and social cohesion, the

local economy and much more.

Some of these benefits are very tangible such as growing vegetables and fruits for family consumption or shaping the outdoor space for this practice, but other benefits are intangible as the well being of people and the psychological benefits or the enrichment that comes from commitment to the Community of reference. (Cengarle, 2013) Sustainable urban agriculture is an essential tool that addresses a city’s problems in innovative ways. Environmental stewardship is enhanced through urban agriculture’s efforts to green cities.

Purchasing food that is locally grown decreases energy needs and costs associated with long distance travel and refrigeration. Economic

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development and community revitalization are achieved when neighborhoods take pride in a community garden, when innercity residents gain the ability to grow and market their own food, and when inner-city farmers’ markets provide new opportunities for entrepreneurs and commercial farmers. Individual health and a sense of empowerment is enhanced when urban dwellers have access to and greater control over their own food system.

The city’s residents can benefit from cleaner air, lower summer temperatures and recycled waste water and trash. Urban farming takes into account the real cost of food and the real benefits from a local and regional food system. (Community Food Security Coalition, 2003)

The role, the will and the resources of the local public administration are an indispensable condition for the beginning and the continuity of an experience of urban gardens in the absence of which we can have only sporadic experiences of clandestine or illegal gardens that at best have a positive impact only on single families.

This dimension allows both to evaluate and to plan the importance and breadth of meaning that urban gardens can have within the community; allows you to grow into an incremental and integrated way the function of the Administration and its policies and the concrete possibility for citizens to participate in the creation of environmental value, social and economic.

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- Urban gardens in relation to all municipal and supra-municipal public policies.

- The value attributed to urban gardens in the Community: what and how much, for whom and for what.

- Urban cohesion and social inclusion.

- Urban gardens, community welfare and support for family income.

- Urban gardens, territorial government and new responsible agriculture agro-industry.

- Validation of green areas and uncultivated areas, defense of the territory from the cementification and from the soil consumption.

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4.3. CONCLUSIONS

With the development of a common strategy and the linking of different areas from the concept of Sustainable Communities (environmental sustainability, social sustainability and urban model) in each of the proposals, it is possible to improve spatial characteristics of the Valdeacederas neighborhood in the District of Tetuán to provide a better quality of life to its inhabitants at all possible scales.

Within these areas, social sustainability is highlighted first, in which it is evident that the social participation of the inhabitants of the neighborhood in any proposal is important to achieve the objective of urban interventions.

Secondly, environmental sustainability in which sustainable

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and environmentally friendly intervention strategies generate greater impact at an urban scale.

And finally, the urban model as the field that gathers all the spatial elements of configuration of the Valdeacederas neighborhood and in which the fulfillment of each of the objectives set out at a general level is evidenced.

Bearing in mind that the main focus of the intervention proposals is on the Paseo de la Dirección in conjunction with the “Canal Bajo de Isabel II” and the relationship of the neighborhood with the park, it was possible to verify that the current state of the channel presents physical deterioration and apparent social abandonment, so in this case the intervention

from the sustainable communities approach, can contribute to solve these conditions from the perspective of environmental sustainability, social sustainability and urban model, since this infrastructure currently lacks the valorization of its patrimonial character.

Finally, this proposal, together with each of its strategies, will generate new life in the Valdeacederas neighborhood, through interventions in the historic architectural heritage of the Canal Bajo de Isabel II, the valorization of road axes and existing constructions with the Paseo de la Direccion and the cultural identity of the inhabitants.

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Housing, mixed use areas, eco-neigbourhoods, community participation, social inclusion and cohesion, accessibility and inclusion, private or public ownership

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05

PROPOSAL

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GENERAL PLAN OF INTERVENTIONS

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STRATEGIES BY PARCEL OF OPPORTUNITY

PARCEL OF OPPORTUNITY A

PARCEL OF OPPORTUNITY B

1. Reconfiguration of the design of the Paseo de la Dirección street as an integrating element between the neighborhood and the Félix Rodríguez Sahagún Park.

1. Reconfiguration of the design of the Paseo de la Dirección street as an integrating element between the neighborhood and the Félix Rodríguez Sahagún Park; and definition of the perimeter roads of the parcel as Zona 30.

2. Definition of a new access point to the park.

3. Integrate the Parcel of Opportunity A with the proposal of reconfiguration of the Paseo de la Dirección street as public space of local order.

4. Improvement of visual relationships between the parcel of opportunity, the Felix Rodriguez Sahagún Park and the aqueduct (Canal Bajo).

5. Recycling site dismantling to meet requests from residents and neighbors.

6. Possibility of incorporation of cultivation areas (urban agriculture).

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2. Proposed use: educational public facilities.

3. Conservation of the visual and functional axis of the Arroyo street as an integrator between the neighborhood and the Park 4. Definition of new underground access to the park that allows to revalue the aqueduct (Canal Bajo).

5. Improvement of visual relationships between the parcel of opportunity, the Park and the aqueduct (Canal Bajo).

6. Possibility of incorporating complementary uses to educational activities.

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PARCEL OF OPPORTUNITY C

PARCEL OF OPPORTUNITY D

1. Reconfiguration of the Arroyo and Pinos Baja streets according to Shared Space or Pedestrian Priority criteria.

1. Reconfiguration of the design of the Paseo de la Dirección street as an integrating element between the neighborhood and the Félix Rodríguez Sahagún Park.

2. Development of the parcels up north the Arroyo Street for the location of housing that attend the sociodemographic profiles of the neighborhood.

Inclusion of public car parks in the subsoil, 3. Prioritization of formal and functional relationships with existing public spaces.

2. Definition of new access to the park using the public facility included in the current Partial Plan.

3. Incorporation of a central local public space that serves as a structuring and integrating element of the new housing developments.

4. Inclusion of public spaces and public facilities in the remaining areas surrounding the existing building (rehoused families).

4. Reconfiguration of the design of the Capitán Blanco Argibay Street.

5. Conservation of the two buildings identified by the current Partial Plan.

6. Inclusion of public facilities and/or commerce in the lower levels of the surrounding buildings of the new public space.

6. Inclusion of local commerce in the lower levels (on Arroyo and Pinos Baja streets).

5. Potentiate the continuity of the public systems.

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PARCEL OF OPPORTUNITY E

PARCEL OF OPPORTUNITY F

1. Reconfiguration of the design of the Paseo de la Dirección as an integrating element between the neighborhood and the Rodríguez Sahagún Park.

1. Inclusion of sports facilities and support services that have visual and functional relationships with the aqueduct (Canal Bajo).

2. Enhance existing access to the Park.

2. Enhance existing access to the Park.

3. Strengthen the continuity of the public systems (Sorgo and Cantueso streets)

3. Aqueduct (Canal Bajo)as the structuring element of the design of the public space.

4. Incorporation of a central local public space that serves as a structuring and integrating element of the new housing developments (inclusion of public parking in the subsoil).

4. Inclusion of Housing (VPO type) in a new building that serves as delimiter of the block.

5. Proposed use: public space and sports facilities.

5. Conservation of building identified by the current Partial Plan.

6. Reconfiguration of the design of the AligustrePinos Baja Street.

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PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN, PROPOSED CROSS-SECTION

Proposal

129

INTERVENTIONS AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT OF PARCELS OF OPPORTUNITY NUMBER

INTERVENTION

COMPONENT 1

COMPONENT 2

COMPONENT 3

1

Parcel of opportunity A

Public Space + Urban Gardens

2

Parcel of opportunity B

3

Parcel of opportunity C

Public Space

Public Facility

Housing

4

Parcel of opportunity D

Public Space

Public Facility

Housing

5

Parcel of opportunity E

Public Space

6

Parcel of opportunity F

Public Space

COMPONENT 4

Public Facility

Housing

Public Parking

Public Parking

Public Facility

COM

New a the P New a the Pa

New a the P

New a the Pa

STREET RECONFIGURATION NUMBER

INTERVENTION

COMPONENT 1

7

Paseo de la Dirección

Reconfiguration of the street section

8

Calle Bravo Murillo

Reconfiguration of the street section

9

Calle Marqués de Viana

Reconfiguration of the street section

10

Avenida de Asturias

Reconfiguration of the street section

11

Calle del Arroyo and Calle del Plátano

Pedestrian Priority section

Shared Space section

12

Calle Capitán Blanco Argibay

Pedestrian Priority section

Shared Space section

13

Calle Miosotis

14

Calle Azucenas

15

Calle Aligustre - Calle Pinos Baja

URBAN MOBILITY AND URBAN DESIGN

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COMPONENT 2

COMPONENT 3

COMPONENT 4

COM

Bic

Blue and Green Infrastructure

Bic Blue and Green Infrastructure

Blue and Green Infrastructure Pedestrian Priority section QUALITY OF LIFE

Shared Space section PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

S

RTUNITY

NT 4

king

king

NT 4

COMPONENT 5 New access point to the Park (Access 8) New access point to the Park (Access 7)

COMPONENT 5

COMPONENT 6

Bicycle routes

Revalue of the Canal Bajo

PRIORITY LOW MEDIUM HIGH HIGH HIGH MEDIUM

COMPONENT 7

PRIORITY

New access point to the Park (Access 6)

HIGH LOW

Culture Corridor

New access point to the Park (Access1)

MEDIUM LOW

Bicycle routes Health Corridor Leisure Corridor

reen ure

NTAL

COMPONENT 7 Revalue of the Canal Bajo Revalue of the Canal Bajo

New access point to the Park (Access 4 Belvedere Building and 3) New access point to the Park (Access 2)

reen ure

reen ure

COMPONENT 6

New access point to the Park (Access 7) New access point to the Park (Access 5)

HIGH

OTHER INTERVENTIONS NUMBER INTERVENTION DESCRIPTION PRIORITY ADAPTATION OF BARRIERS TO ACCESSIBILITY Expansion of LOW 16 Interventions Type A sidewalk 17 Interventions Type E Removal of barrier MEDIUM Incorporation of MEDIUM 18 Interventions Type M mechanical stairs Interventions Type Manteinence of LOW 19 Mn situation Incorporation of MEDIUM 20 Interventions Type R Ramps Interventions Type Incorporation of lift MEDIUM 21 Sv Truck REVALUATE THE CANAL BAJO DE ISABEL II IN THE BURIED SECTIONS OF THE AQUEDUCT Section between 22 HIGH Parcels of Pilot Intervention Opportunity C and D Remaining sections Complete MEDIUM 23 of the Canal Bajo intervention RESOLUTION OF CONFLICTS OF PERMEABILITY Calle los Access to calle LOW 24 Jaramangos Cantueso Facilitate relationship 25 Calle Ana Maria with calle del Capitán LOW Blanco Argibay Access to calle LOW 26 Calle Trébol Azucenas

HIGH LOW LOW HIGH

SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES

GROUP PROPOSAL

Proposal

131

Three Proposals for

TCAP: Time-sensitive, Connected, Accessible and Publicly-centered CONNECTION: Place, People and Neighborhood

TETUAN-ING: Identity, Networks and Greening

La Cornisa de Tetúan

Alternate Visions for the Plan Parcial de Reforma Interior Paseo de la Dirección

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

tcap

PPRI Paseo de la Direcciรณn is an urban revitalization project in the centrally located Valdeacederas neighborhood in Tetuรกn, Madrid. Responding to the third modification of the PPRI, this project proposal completes a decade long process of urban transformation and puts forward an ambitious and actionable framework responding to the larger ambitions and needs of the community.

tcap focuses on the vitalization

of the social life and spatial fabric in the Cornisa de Tetuรกn, Valdeacederas. The proposal serves a diverse, multi-generational community through opportunities within each new development by integrating landscape interventions, new built uses and human centered programs.

Articulated below are the interrelated goals for the proposal.

Firstly, to be time-driven means to address the sense of urgency to implement positive change in a neighborhood that has suffered

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the impacts of a problematic planning process. As the public ownership of the land may further delay the implementation of the housing and public facilities, our proposal prioritize the installation of soft interventions to get residents accessing the parcels before new development is constructed. From Valdeacederas to Parque Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún, and vice versa, the design intend is to ensure the area is seamlessly connected and accessible by recasting the cornice as the interface between city culture and urban nature.

The final objective is to remain public-centered and prioritize the wellbeing of the residents and businesses through each designed element, whether it be at the scale of new architectural developments and their mixed functions in the opportunity parcels (form residential, commercial and urban facilities), the public spaces, the improvement along Paseo de la Dirección, or the transitions to and from the park and neighborhood.

The needs are clearly voiced by the residents: affordable housing that integrates public facilities, commercial uses, open space and public programming. The proximity of the residential to educational and public facilities is central to create a lifestyle for families that promotes long-life learning in a neighborhood that has low educational attainment.

Elderly residents who today overtake the playgrounds in desperation for privacy, will enjoy their own outdoor spaces that bypass topographic challenges and accommodate the needs of their generation.

As a response, the proposal reimagines Paseo de la Dirección as a multi-modal, pedestrian centered street, enhanced the entries to the park and celebrating the historically preserved Canal de Isabel II and its aqueducts cutting through the park. By addressing the safety concerns responding to lack of visibility, steep topographic change, the danger of jaywalking the four-laned Paseo de la Dirección, and unlit walkways, we bring together culture and urban nature.

Valdeacederas sits next to the Parque Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún, a district park with amenities for children and adults alike. After the urbanization of Paseo de la Dirección with its highspeed design and the construction of a fortress-like retaining wall, the disconnect between park and neighborhood is both a mental and a physical barrier, at many instances, completely inaccessible.

TCAP: Executive Summary

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GOALS

Improve the wellbeing of the residents and businesses at both the micro and macro scales of development and activate live work opportunities and spaces within the community.

ACTIVE

Strength the role of the park as a green connector and provide open green spaces to promote neighborhood engagement, create a sense of place for residents, and improve the quality of life for the area.

CONNECTED

Create housing and community engagement opportunities available to everyone

OPEN

Stimulate optimal community engagement with the parks and recreation, by providing recreational facilities. These facilities will also help improve the health and quality of life within the community.

HEALTHY

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OBJECTIVES

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ACTIONS SHORT-TERM

ACTIONS MID-TERM

ACTIONS LONG-TERM

Community engagement meetings to figure out needs, challenges, and goals.

Zone sites for development and construction. Create open street case to allow transition from community to park.

Use community and funding to maintain sites, and have active year-long programming.

Maintain sites and park transition.

Create open green spaces within parcels to improve recreational programs amongst community spaces and promote economic activity.

Maintain open green spaces and park.

Promote educational programs to learn about sustainable methods.

Being the highest priority, social housing needs to be constructed for the residents who have been displaced.

Maintain fair and affordable housing options for all residents.

In addition, promote cultural activities to provide regular community engagement.

Construct recreational facilities to help merge the park and residential area together and create opportunities for community engagement.

TCAP: Executive Summary

Maintain regular recreational activity year-round and promote healthier lifestyles with education on the benefits of bike lanes, walking, etc.

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Figure A 01-05. Site Images

ANALYSIS AND DIAGNOSIS

INTRODUCTION

The developments along Paseo de La Dirección as a crucial connector in the neighborhood have been accompanied with problems and controversies, with complex relationships among different interest groups.

The initial plan came out in March 2006 executed by the private company Dragados. In the last ten years, the PPRI went through multiple iterations, all of them highly contested by the residents.

This profit-oriented plan placed a large number of residential density into the neighborhood with few public facilities. What was already a problematic proposal became a nightmare when Dragados, the private company leading the execution of the urbanization work, put the work on hold during the years of economic recession.

The 2011modification increased the portion of market-rate housing in place of affordable units, yet existing lack of facilities, accessibility and connectivity stayed unaddressed. And the

plan was discarded. For years, the area affected by the PPRI remained a conflicting terrain with families evicted from their homes waiting for relocation and fair compensation, unfinished urban work depreciating property values, and overall a sense of abandonment by the municipal government. When the new municipal team took office, they focused on regaining executive control of the plan and started plotting a public participatory process to bring the residents as a critical voice in the planning process. The Foros Locales enable citizen participation in the process and direct contact with the Sustainable Urban Development (DUS) Office, the public entity that took over Dragado’s executing role.

Many issues remain concern for both residents and the public administration. A critical social issue is eviction and rehousing.

According to the residents’ claim, the poor quality of the urbanization work executed by

TCAP: Analysis and Diagnosis

Dragados and loss of connectivity are in need of attention. Although the park shared a considerable length of perimeter with Paseo de la Dirección, there are very few accessible points from the road into the park. The height difference, the existing wall and aqueduct added difficulty to implementing a satisfying scheme of increasing connectivity between the park and the road.

This proposal seeks a solution that meets the actual needs of the residents. The aspects of considerations include: •

Programming and placement of public facilities

•

Soft interventions to implement transitional and economical urbanization with emphasis on public participation

•

Preservation of the historical aqueduct

•

Increase in the connectivity of Paseo de la Dirección and the park

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TETUÁN DISTRICT AND THE CITY CONNECTIONS

Madrid is a city with a radio concentric pattern developed from organic growth throughout history. Our site is located in Tetuán, in the northwest part of Madrid a district located right to the north of the most dense metro transit area, as seen in the map. While there are several metro routes passing by the perimeter of Tetuán, only two routes (Line 1 and Line 9) pass inside the district but not close to the neighborhood we are studying. Due to the complexity of metro as a comprehensive infrastructure, this proposal does not suggest any modification of the current metro layout. Nevertheless, the metro map remains an important element for us to understand the connectivity to the larger metro region of Madrid and the macroscale accessibility of the site.

Legend Roads Green Space Residential Tetuan District Madrid

100 m

0

Figure A 06. Location of Tetuan in Madrid, with metro routes illustrated

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PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION 1 inch = 5,000 feet

CITY SCALE_ Subway Routes

Barrio del Pilar

The road network of Tetuรกn follows an organic form because of the historical development of the area and the changing terrain. There are two sets of lock structures: a more-or-less orthogonal grid organization as seen in the southeast, and a completely organic pattern in the rest of the district. The connectivity east to west is more dense than south to north. And one of the most important roads circulating north and south is Paseo de la Direcciรณn.

The bus transit routes are also mostly in east-west direction. From the circles that mark the area within five-minute walking distance from the metro stations, it can be seen that quite a lot of space in the northwest is not very accessible to metro.

Ventilla

Plaza de Castilla

Valdeacederas

Tetuan

Cuzco

Francos Rodriguez

Estrecho

Legend

Santiago Bernabeu Alvarado

Roads Bus Metro Non-Residential Major Roads 5 Minutes Walk Area

Nuevos Ministerios

Cuatro Caminos

Legend Metro Stop

Figure A 07. Map of Tetuรกn with transit routes illustrated Non-Residential Areas Bus

Metro Major Roads 5 Minutes Walk Area

300

1,000

1 inch = 200 feet

Meters

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DISTRICT SCALE_CONNECTIVITY

A lot of the green spaces in Tetuán are in the form of “green patch” inside the perimeter blocks. Inside the boundary of out site, there is a particular lack of public green space. Although Parque Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún PARQUE DEis a grand public space feature in the neighborhood, the access into VENTILLA the park, both visual and physical, is LA very limited.

TETUÁN PARQUE AGUSTIN RODRIGUEZ SAHAGUN

39.53 acres

SEDE GENERAL DEAND LOS JUZGODOS DISTRICT THE GREEN PARQUE DE LA VENTILLA

SEDE GENERAL DE LOS JUZGODOS

39.53 acres

10.5 acres

39.53 acres

10.5 acres

44 acres

SEDE 39.53 acres GENERAL DE LOS JUZGODOS Ventilla Parkacres 10.5 39.53 acres

PARQUE AGUSTIN RODRIGUEZ SAHAGUN Sede de los General Juzgados

10.5acres acres 44

Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún Park 44 acres

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Figure A 08-11. Aerial Images and Map of Tetuán with green spaces in the district illustrated A 144

9.8% 5.4% PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION PUBLIC GREEN SPACES

300

1,000

Meters Feet

PRIVATE GREEN SPACES

1 inch = 400 feet

DISTRICT SCALE_ECOLOGICAL MATRIX MAP

EL PILAR 45,808 Persons 336 inhabs/ Ha. Median Age of 48 yrs

VALDEACEDERAS VALDEZARZA

25,214 Persons 217 inhabs/ Ha. Median Age of 41 yrs

29,246 Persons 209 inhabs/ Ha. Median Age of 46 yrs

Legend Green Area Existing Buildings Proposed Buildings Circulation Walkable Area Bus Route Bus Stops

Figure A 12. Map of Valdeacederas Neighborhood with modes of circulation

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SITE DOCUMENTATION

“I feel safe here, but it’s so time consuming getting down into the park without worrying about the children tripping and falling…”

-Sara Dominguez (Resident of Tetuan) (Area D)

“You know, I am older, it is not easy for me. My friends invite me to go down to the park but I have to decline...”

-Alberto Stebo (Resident of Tetuan) (Area E)

“I just wish there was a common place where the I could take the children swimming. My grandma also needs to exercise in a pool or something...”

-Julianna M. (Resident of Tetuan) (Area C) Images 13-18. Images from the Park Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún and the new retaining wall PARALLEL WORKSHOP ETSAM UPM+TAUBMAN COLLEGE UM

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B

E D

A

Monday start point

C

Map 01. Routes for distribution of site analysis by groups during the visit on February 25 and 26

Images 19 - 21. Images from the Valdeacederas neighborhood with some examples of old housing.

Images 22 - 24. Images from the Park Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún showcasing the Canal de Isabel II aqueduct.

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CRITICAL ISSUES

After the ten year process of finalizing a partial plan, with full understanding of effort and money spent, it is important to be Time-driven with all the design developments. By having a true sense of the project desires versus requirements, ambitions of the design in each area of opportunity, and a sense of how long each parcel would take to build in completion, an agenda can be created that provides both the city and the residents something finite to look forward to. Not all parcels can be built simultaneously due to restrictions in budget and resources, therefore having a timedriven agenda indicates in advance which areas of opportunities will have to wait to be constructed. In these areas, soft interventions are put into the spaces to get residents accustomed to the parcels before construction begins.

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To combat some of the existing challenges of the site, the project prioritizes Connectivity and Accessibility at all moments of design. Each area of opportunity is treated as the threshold between the neighborhood and nature, with the new development indicating this transition. Because Paseo de la DirecciĂłn, which currently is a visual and physical divide between the neighborhood and park, is treated as if it were a boardwalk overlooking the water in this proposal, it provides plenty of openings into the park and transforms the street front condition into a strip that brings people together. By prioritizing this Public-centered attitude in the rest of the proposal, the wellbeing of the residents and businesses are taken care of at both micro and macro scales of the development.

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIĂ“N: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

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t After the ten year process for the PPRI, Time is a critical factor in the successful implementation of the design. The timeline development for each parcel will provide both the city and the residents certainty.

URBAN SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK

Having a time-driven agenda that identifies soft interventions into the spaces that may take longer to develop will get residents accustomed to the parcels before construction begins.

SAFETY, CONNECTIVITY, TEMPORALITY In creation of a safe and connected neighborhood and interactive urban spaces. This framework has been developed as a guideline for the participants of this design proposal in addressing the issues analyzed and observed and in fulfilling the concept and goal of the design proposal.

QUALITY OF LIFE AND INCLUSIVE DESIGN SAFETY As an essential indicator in evaluating life quality, safety is a crucial concern in our proposal.

Related interventions include increasing public spaces, improving street conditions, adding necessary facilities, and so on.

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c

a

p

The project prioritizes Connectivity and Accessibility at all moments of design. Paseo de la Direcciรณn, which currently is a visual and physical divide between the neighborhood and park.

Treated as a boardwalk overlooking the water, the design provides plenty of openings into the park and transforms the street front condition into a strip that brings people together.

By prioritizing this Publiccentered attitude in the rest of the proposal, the wellbeing of the residents and businesses are taken care of at both micro and macro scales of the development.

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

CULTURAL

Ensure connections to open space to promote neighborhood engagement - providing a sense of place for the residents. Introduce green infrastructures and better management to green space in creation of a more active lifestyle along sidewalk, bike lanes and transit routes.

Providing more accessible entrances to recreational activities and commercial activities, and improve accessibility to existing developments. Providing education on green and sustainable management, the locals will have the opportunity in learning methods to maintain their spaces.

Carefully design open space to allow for more public accessible spaces and promote cultural activities, and also provides safe and convenient connections from the neighborhood, park and the City.

NATURAL AND LIVING ENVIRONMENT

HEALTH

LEISURE AND SOCIAL INTERACTIONS

Strengthen the role of the park as a green connector to the neighborhood, and more healthy green spaces.

Interventions associated with health, transformational accessibility to medical care, urban design elements to improve health.

TCAP: Analysis and Diagnosis

Provides more spaces for leisure and social activities, both indoor and outdoor. Social connections will improve quality of life for residents as well as create a more vibrant community.

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CASE STUDIES

SUPERKILEN PARK, COPENHAGEN

The following case studies of urban spaces and city interventions across the globe deal with improvement and revitalization projects in unique ways.

What: Public park as part of an urban improvement plan coordinated by the city.

Use of public park and art to help promote healthy and active living, represent the diversity of the area, and create a connection between different neighborhoods to interact in open and safe space.

Why its relevant: Take practices to help use public involvement and work, tactical urbanism, soft interventions, and bridge together to connect the neighborhood area with the park and public facilities .

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DREAMHAMAR, NORWAY

FREIBURG, GERMANY

RAISED GARDENS OF SANT, BARCELONA

What:

What:

What:

Public square that is created through strong efforts of public participation.

Sustainable traffic management Community development.

Urban renewal project for the Sants railway corridor to make a “green corridor.”

Participatory planning to figure out, discuss, and debate about pressing issues to the urban space, and together with the designers and community create solutions.

Solutions are temporarily tested out before final implementation.

Why it’s relevant:

Why its relevant:

Diverting Traffic away from city center and scenic routes.

Green corridor to promote healthy living and public engagement

Limiting parking space to either parking structure, or underground parking space.

Space connector to different areas surrounding.

Why its relevant:

City promotes Bicycle Use, and at many junctions bikes have priority

Topography coordination.

Use of public participation to redesign the public space.

There should be a clear differentiation between public, semi-public and private spaces.

Public spaces should be defined by continuous urban fabric

Partnership with university.

Activities placed based on the climatic conditions.

From the beginning the neighborhood must have a balanced social structure It is important to develop a process of community participation in the planning and building designs for the new neighborhood TCAP: Analysis and Diagnosis

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DESIGN PROPOSAL

CONCEPT AND GOALS

This proposal strives to revitalize the social life of the residents of Valdeacederas. Residents of all ages should feel that they have opportunities to live, work, relax, and play within each development, whether it be at the scale of the building or at human scale. TCAP, the title of this proposal, is an acronym for the design intentions for Valdeacederas and Parque Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún, and sets guidelines implemented throughout the project.

After the ten year process of finalizing a partial plan, with full understanding of effort and money spent, it is important to be Time-driven with all the design developments. By having a true sense of the project desires versus requirements, ambitions of the design in each area of opportunity, and a sense of how long each parcel would take to build in completion, an agenda can be created that provides both the city and the residents something finite to look forward to. Not all

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parcels can be built simultaneously due to restrictions in budget and resources, therefore having a timedriven agenda indicates in advance which areas of opportunities will have to wait to be constructed. In these areas, soft interventions are put into the spaces to get residents accustomed to the parcels before construction begins.

Public-centered attitude in the rest of the proposal, the wellbeing of the residents and businesses are taken care of at both micro and macro scales of the development.

To combat some of the existing challenges of the site, the project prioritizes Connectivity and Accessibility at all moments of design. Each area of opportunity is treated as the threshold between the neighborhood and nature, with the new development indicating this transition. Because Paseo de la Dirección, which currently is a visual and physical divide between the neighborhood and park, is treated as if it were a boardwalk overlooking the water in this proposal, it provides plenty of openings into the park and transforms the streetfront condition into a strip that brings people together. By prioritizing this

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY

Soft Interventions Within 5 years 5-10 years 10-15 years 15-20years

TCAP: Design Proposal

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Aqueduct

Aqueduct

Entrance plaza

ILLUSTRATIVE PLAN

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TCAP: Design Proposal

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The Cantilever + the Canal

Anchor

South Cornice Front

West Cornice Front

Anchor

Cantueso the Neighborhood

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: STREETSCAPE

The existing Paseo de la Dirección is unnecessarily wide because there is not enough traffic to justify a four lanes for vehicles. By decreasing the number of car lanes to two, the leftover space provides opportunities for segregated bike lanes along the entire street and opportunities for a separate bus lane to appear by bus stops.

The excess space also allows for the sidewalk to expand and contract to accommodate other functions. In this particular area, the sidewalk extends into the park to provide a communal seating area and elevated viewpoint into the park. The threshold into this space is a misting station - acting as a water feature to celebrate the canal below. At moments along Paseo de la Dirección.

Key Plan

The median between the vehicle and bike lanes also expands to accommodate a bus stop, creating a safe space for commuters.

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Bioswale

Bicycle Paths

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

TCAP: Design Proposal

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TCAP: Design Proposal

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PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: STREETSCAPES

Through the implementation of the streetscape, the proposal bring together multiple areas of opportunity. In this particular section of the street, the increased crosswalks are designed to be a direct path from the neighborhoods, through the designed areas of opportunity, safely across Paseo de la Dirección, and into a structure that leads residents into the park. This cohesion in design creates connection points that are easy to notice and access, promoting a fluid lifestyle to and from the park while providing other opportunities for gathering.

Key Plan

Public Seating

Public Safety

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TCAP: Design Proposal

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TCAP: Design Proposal

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DESIGN DIAGRAMS OPEN SPACES PROGRAMS

Legend Sports Social Contemplative Educational Farming Children-friendly Elderly-friendly Pet-friendly Cyclist-friendly PARALLEL WORKSHOP ETSAM UPM+TAUBMAN COLLEGE UM

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LANDSCAPE TYPES

Legend Trees Alignment Plaza / Terraced Slopes Green Space TCAP: Design Proposal

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1

BUILDING TYPES 2

5 4 7

6

Legend

3

Residential Commercial Education Office Public Mixed Use

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Parcel 1+2

Education Hall Exhibition Workshop

Parcel 3

Gym Multi-Use Space Courts Offices

Parcel 4 Parcel 5

Residential Office Commercial

Ground-floor Commercial Residential

Residential Commercial

Education Daycare Center

Residential

Parcel 6

Parcel 7

Residential

Residential Commercial Residential Public Facility Commercial

TCAP: Design Proposal

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TRANSPORTATION

Paseo de la Direcciรณn forms the main spine for the six parcels undergoing interventions. As mentioned above the spine is proposed to be made a two-lane road for the convenience of the residents and commuters. Thus by shrinking the size of the road there is more space for pedestrians to walk and a two lane bike path has also been included on the side closer to the park.

Calle de Alberdi

Paseo de la Direcciรณn

In order to reduce the speed of vehicles numerous pedestrian crossings has been installed in order to ensure that people walking and biking are given priority. These crossings also ensure that vehicles slow down their speed and need to be cautious.

The increased paths connecting the two sides will also ensure more foot traffic to the park.

Parking has been given for vehicles in locations that are both on-street along the Paseo de la Direcciรณn as well as underground parking as part of the design interventions.

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Parking Bike Path Crosswalks Proposed Vehicle Path

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VIEWSCAPE

From the mountains of Guadarrama dozens of kilometers away to the confined views within Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún Park, one could see, touch, and interact with the same infrastructure that sources water to the city of Madrid. As the topography elevates and undulates, providing glimpses of the Canal de Isabel II aqueduct, vegetation reveals and hides the homes of the neighborhood on the city’s edge.

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By providing selected locations for amplifying visual connection to the contextual landscape beyond, the selected proposals would be openair infrastructure or, for example, through building program.

The intent to is to multiply and enhance the current park access points and integrate connections through the landscape for all ages to access.

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AREAS OF OPPORTUNITY THE ANCHORS

The design introduces ways of entry to connect the residents of Valdeacederas to the park and to other neighborhoods such as El Pilar and Valdezarza. The design is to create structures perpendicular to major streets such as Calle Aligustre, Calle del Capitan Blanco Argibay, where they become anchoring points to the park and reintroduce the presences of the aqueduct as an important historical object to the neighborhood. In addition, different human activities such as a cafe, a community center would be introduced under or on these structures as new recreation interests to the surrounding neighborhood. A bike lane and a footpath are being introduced to connect users from one point to another, and it is also an alternate method to move across the park.

Key Plan

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Trees planted along paths and anchoring points leading to the park Benches placed for users visiting the park. Located in plaza and pavilion Chairs and Table placed for users visiting the park.

Located in cafe and plaza.

New paths connecting with existing paths

Indoor Public Spaces

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIĂ“N: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

Trees Proposed Anchoring Proposed Paseo de la Direcciรณn Proposed Bike Lanes and Footpath Connection Path from Neighborhood View Proposed Anchoring Points and Connections

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3

2

1

Proposed Point of Entry | Plan PARALLEL WORKSHOP

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Proposed Point of Entry | 1

PAVILION CAFE

PLAZA

Proposed Point of Entry | 2

IO PAVIL

N

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PASEO-PARQUE CONNECTION ON THE FORMER RECYCLING SITE

EXHIBITION

WORKSHOP

CANAL

Section AA’

Our proposal connects these two blocks into one so as to provide a more coherent design to the park entry from Paseo de la Dirección. The strategy reroutes the Paseo, giving this parcel to the park system in a key moment to celebrate the presence of the aqueduct. With the new trace for Paseo de La Dirección, and its design as a parkway, the proposal provides a dynamic landscape connecting the Paseo de la Dirección with the park.

Key Plan

Parcel Function: Public open space, Educational, Exhibition Expected FAR: <0.3 (Installation structure not included)

Regarding uses, our proposal transfers the current function of recycling to a educational feature. Towards the Paseo, the parcel becomes a place to educate children about recycling and related knowledge about sustainability and environmental protection through playing and installations. Thus, the two parcels become new entries and markers of a new attitude towards the park, its past and its future sustainability.

Pushing paseo back to create a continuous parcel

Entrance into park through aqueducts and ramps

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3 2 A

1

Aâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

5

4

8

7 Legend

6

1 2 3 4 5 6 8

Workshop Exhibition Education Hall Bus Stop Contemplative Garden Creative Plaza Urban Farming Zone Hard Paving Grass Bioswale + Seating

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THE CANTILEVER + THE CANAL

For the Southern Bookend, the Canal Bajo de Isabel II leaves behind a historical artifact that would be brought to light with the activation of a Sports Facility.

The site contains two conditions, a high plateau and a lower plateau.

The building would be situated on the upper side of the parcel and allow for the western lower side to become outdoor gathering spaces where activities could occur. Through the awareness of water, a main key in indoor program that would function for the area and region as a moment of engagement would be the integration of an indoor pool adjacent to the canal.

Key Plan

Sports Facility Program / Area in sqft Gym / 3000 Changing / 700 Multi-Use Spaces / 180 x3 Pool / 3500 Changing / 700 x2 Courts / 7500 Offices / 100 x5

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1

2

3

1 Program to Canal 2 Canopy to Canal 3 Softscape + Hardscape to Canal PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÃ&#x201C;N: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

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Section A

Section B

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Section B

Section A

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CANTUESO THE NEIGHBORHOOD

This area consists of 3 parcels devoted to 2 housing projects and 1 public facility area, with green areas to enhance the walkability and connectivity between the neighborhood areas and the park.

The design intends to go with buildings which are excluded from the expropriation. The possibility of developing park spaces for residents is considered according to the level differences. In part 1 we purpose a housing project with ground floor commercial and open courtyard space as public green area. For the public facility area we are proposing a multi-function educational facility including a daycare center for kids and elders with a playground.

For part 3, a housing project is designed to complete the parcel.

The green areas are expected to be a linear garden with boulevards that connect the neighborhood and enhance the accessibility to urban facilities. This area also has level differences to consider upon architecture mass design. Two underground parking lots are also proposed.

Key Plan of Area 04

NET FAR FAR1= 2.450 FAR2= 1.930 FAR3= 3.240

Axonometric View

Parcel 4 Ground Floor Plan

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A EQ1 2

5

1 4

3 5 EQ2

1 1 2 3 4 5

EQ3

Residential Commercial Education Public Green Underground Parking

Parcel 4 Ground Floor Plan

A

Housing Commercial Parking

Housing

Education Daycare Center Parking

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WEST CORNICE FRONT

Section A

Key Plan for The West Cornice Front

Based on its prime location right on the edge of residential area to the park, the West Cornice Front is centered around transitioning and anchoring the community together. With its mixed use programming, the buildings will consist of commercial and office space to bring in public use and promote economic development, while also providing social housing on the upper floors. This will allow residents to engage with the public and the community while also having prime views of the park. The layout of the parcel buildings cater to the major transit connections around the city. The pathways and plazas will provide pedestrians to easily transition from the neighborhood to the park.

Roof plan with primary circulation to park

Utilizing the space between the parcel and park, complete streets and landscape will help bring the community out in the street.

With green roads and open public space, it will ensure community engagement all day long.

NET FAR FAR1= 10.915 FAR2= 4.113

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West Cornice Front Axon

1

2

West Cornice Front Plan

SOUTH CORNICE FRONT SOUTH CORNICE FRONT SOUTH SOUTH CORNICE CORNICE FRONT FRONT

Key Plan of Area 06 Key Plan of Area 06 Key Key Plan Plan of of Area Area 06 06

Urban Facility Program / Area in sqft FAR 2.091 Plaza / 7500 Commercial/ 9500 Library / 10000 Offices / 1000

The South Cornice-front consists South Cornice-front consists South Cornice-front consists South Cornice-front consists of three parcels, which arefor public of parcels targeted of which are of three three parcels, parcels, which are and targeted for public housing housing and an urban facility targeted for public housing and targeted for public housing and an urban facility with an FARdesign with an FAR of 2.091.

The an urban facility with an FAR an urban facility with an FAR of 2.091.

The design strategy strategy creates a porous response of 2.091. design strategy of 2.091.a The The design strategy creates porous response togreen to this area, by integrating creates aa porous response to creates porous response to this area, by integrating green spaces along with built areas to this area, by integrating green this area, by integrating green spaces along with built areas to spaces along with built areas to ensure views and negotiate the spaces withnegotiate built areasthe to ensure along views and ensure views the ensure views and and negotiate negotiate the steep topography of about 30’ The steep topography with 30’ shifts steep topography of steep topography of about about 30’ difference. difference. from 30’ to 50’.

These parcels help difference.

These parcels helplevels. connect both connect both the The urban These parcels help connect both These parcels help connect both the levels.

Thewill urban facility parcel facility parcel act as a transition the levels.

The urban facility parcel the urban facility parcel will levels. act as aThe transition between between the neighborhood (at will act as a transition between will act as a transition the neighborhood (at between a higher neighborhood (at a higher athe higher level) to the lower level, the neighborhood (at a higher level) to the lower level, also level) to the lower level, also also serving as a library in addition level) toas the lower level, also serving a library in addition to serving as a library in addition to to the commercial activities that serving as a library in addition to the commercial activities that will the commercial activities that will will help in economic regeneration the activities that will helpcommercial in economic regeneration and help in economic regeneration and and public activity regeneration help inactivity economic regeneration and public regeneration at the public activity regeneration at the public activity regeneration at the street the views at the level.Maintaining street level.

Maintaining street level.Maintaining the views street level.Maintaining thethe views to the parktoand city beyond the views thethe park and to the park and the city beyond to the park and theofthe city beyond guides the design thedesign parcels city beyond guides guides the of the parcels guides the design design the parcels and incorporating stepped terraces of the parcels: the of site strategy and incorporating stepped and stepped terraces withincorporating activity on each level interraces urban incorporates stepped terraces with with activity with activity on on each each level level in in urban urban facility. activity on each level of the urban facility. facility. facility.

Green Green space Green space space Social Social Housing Social Housing Housing Urban Urban Facility Urban Facility Facility

Existing Land Existing Landuse Use Existing Land use

Social Social Housing Social Housing Housing

Existing Land use

Modified Land Use

Design accomodates Green spaces, ConnecDesign accomodates Green spaces, Connec-

tivity, views Design accomodates Green spaces, ConnecConnections, tivity, views Green Spaces

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tivity, views PASEO DE WORKSHOP: LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN AND UM DISTRICT INTEGRATION PARALLEL ETSAM, UPMREGENERATION + Taubman College, PARALLEL WORKSHOP: ETSAM, UPM + Taubman College, UM PARALLEL WORKSHOP: ETSAM, UPM + Taubman College, UM

this area, by integrating green spaces along with built areas to ensure views and negotiate the steep topography of about 30â&#x20AC;&#x2122; difference.

These parcels help connect both the levels. The urban facility parcel will act as a transition between the neighborhood (at a higher level) to the lower level, also serving as a library in addition to the commercial activities that will help in economic regeneration and public activity regeneration at the street level.Maintaining the views to the park and the city beyond guides the design of the parcels and incorporating stepped terraces with activity on each level in urban facility.

Key Plan of Area 06

Exist

Commercial

Library

Library Commercial

Underground parking below urban facility

Green space Social Housing

Urban Facility

Social Housing

Existing Land use

el

Desig tivity

l nd e s

Commercial activity facing the streets

A-53

PARALLEL WORKSHOP: ETSAM, UPM + Taubman College Stepping down library to connect

Commercial Activities facing the streets

es an

Urban Facility Program / Area in sqft FAR - 2.091 Plaza / 7500 Commercial/ 9500 Library / 10000 Offices / 1000

Stepping down library to connect streets at both levels

Design accomodates Green spaces, Connectivity, views

Public Housing and Urban Facility Plan

ubman College, UM

Learning From

Public Housing and Urban Facility Plan

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A-54

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CONNECTION PEOPLE, PLACE + NEIGHBORHOOD

CONNECTION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PEOPLE, PLACE + NEIGHBORHOOD

Our proposal focuses on increased connectivity to the park and enhances existing conditions through the use of healthy building and landscape programs.

At the same, the interventions will establish more community amenities that can improve the quality of life for the incoming residents, while also serving the current residents. Our aim is to give the neighborhood amenities that will improve the quality of life for all who live, work or spend time in the neighborhood.

Figure B 01.Tetuan District in Madrid

Three components will contribute to enhance the connectivity of the area: 1. Additional connections to the park to improve the visibility through enhancement of the aqueduct as a focal point of the park.

2. Mixed-use sustainable building typologies integrated with the

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landscape to provide residents connections to services outside the neighborhood, improve connections to open spaces and improve public health.

3. Improve access to connections by making the Paseo de la Direcciรณn more permeable for pedestrians.

We have identified several areas of opportunity and outlined the ways in which they can be improved.

The trash facility parcel will be redesigned into a public garden and vista point for residents to sit and enjoy. We propose that the vacant island parcel be redesigned into a grand amphitheater-style entry to the park, which can also serve as a communal meeting place. For the parcels towards Paseo de la Direcciรณn, the design has connections between the park and the existing buildings. There are apartments, a visitor center, a community center, and a library.

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIร N: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

Legend

Figure B 02 The neighborhood of Valdeacederas is located within the district DISTRICT SCALE_VEHICULAR TRAFFIC of Tetuรกn.

Site Outline

675 - 15,000

15,000 - 30,000 30,000 - 45,000

300

1,000

Meters Feet

1 inch = 400 feet

A main goal of our proposal is to increase park connectivity, while preserving the aqueduct, due to its great cultural value. To achieve this, we propose several new ramps, stairs and pathways, marked by follies on Paseo de la Direcciรณn. In terms of the streetscape, we want to redesign Paseo de la Direcciรณn to favor walking and biking pedestrian traffic over vehicular traffic.

Additionally, we want to relocate street parking to the underground parking lots in our proposal. We are also proposing new green infrastructure and open spaces to address the steep topography, urban ecology issues (pollution, water, heat island effect), and transition spaces to avoid illegal dumping and uses.

that our redesign of the area makes a noticeable improvement in the quality of life of the residents.

In our research, we worked with several relevant case studies to determine the proper course of action. The three case studies that we draw from in our proposal are the Genzyme Center in Cambridge, MA, the mobility plan for the district of Garcia in Barcelona and the Raised Garden des Sants in Barcelona.

The following sections detail our plans for each aspect of the area supplemented by text to elaborate on the concepts, goals, design strategy, implementation, and rationale for this proposal.

To measure the success of our proposal in addressing the issues of the neighborhood, we will use several key sustainable indicators.

We are dedicated to making sure

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GOALS

OBJECTIVES

NEIGHBORHOOD AND PARK CONNECTED ALONG PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN

PEDESTRIAN FRIENDLY STREETS

INDOOR / OUTDOOR HEALTHY NEIGHBORHOOD

To mediate the park-neighborhood relationship with a series of interventions that allow the seamless passage of pedestrians and bikers to the park from the street. These connection points deal with the topography changes and maintain the views from the street to the park promoting safety.

To slow down traffic along Paseo de la Dirección and reduce traffic lanes to make pedestrian travel safer and more desirable. Separating the bike lane from the vehicle lane will make the streets safer and easier to use for those on bikes.

To provide green infrastructure collecting water and providing shade for the area, critical given the climate of Madrid. Making the sidewalks more pedestrian friendly and comfortable will promote the use of the public spaces.

To create a welcoming neighborhood the seeds connections between residents through mixed use buildings that provide access to amenities and integrate the connections to open space.

PUBLIC AND INCLUSIVE

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ACTIONS SHORT-TERM

ACTIONS MID-TERM

ACTIONS LONG-TERM

•

Demolition of recycling facility.

•

Addition of connectors along Paseo de la Dirección

•

Addition of a bus route along the southern half of Paseo de la Dirección to promote more access to all areas of the park.

•

Temporary road blockage allowing access for only 2 lanes of traffic.

•

Reconstruct street for increased sidewalks, bike lanes and trees.

•

Painting bike lanes

•

Raised cross walks

•

Additional stop lights

•

Construct proposed landscape features

•

Active maintenance of green infrastructure networks

•

Construct buildings along Paseo de la Dirección

•

Residential buildings to be constructed on inner parcels.

•

Temporary recreational use of inner parcels

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Figure B 03-07. Site Images of the park and the neighborhood.

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ANALYSIS AND DIAGNOSIS

INTRODUCTION

The issues affecting this area of Madrid reflect some of the challenges experienced city-wide with policies privatizing public services. The specifics of this plan, the PPRI Paseo de la Dirección, go back to 2007, when the municipal government at the time set an agreement with the company Dragados to implement a renewal plan that including urbanization work, mix income housing units and the redesign of Paseo de la Dirección redefining the edge of Parque Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún.

The proposal was heavily contested by the residents, and underwent a series of challenges. In 2011, the balance between affordable and market rate housing remained contentious and community’s needs for additional public facilities and increased connectivity were unmet. Although this plan was meant to improve the socio-spatial fabric of the neighborhood, the plan implementation destroyed important amenities; thus leaving the neighborhood as a

construction site for five years.

In 2014, after continued disagreement with Dragados, stakeholder groups mobilized to contest, once more, the process.

Their criteria included several components and needs: •

Protect the existing lower canal as a heritage site

•

Make green space usable

•

Cap market-rate development

•

Increase the number of public facilities

•

Protect existing views

•

Generate a pedestrian-cyclist oriented Paseo de la Dirección

The current political administration prioritized a more participatory and inclusive approach and provided the neighborhood with the platforms to discuss plans and force public audits on new improvements. In 2016, the organization representing the various stakeholder groups created

CONNECTION: Analysis and Diagnosis

a proposal that prioritizes social facilities over market-rate housing and increases neighborhood-park permeability. This project focuses on the power of the participatory design process. The stakeholders of Valdeacederas, with the help from the city government’s Area of Sustainable Urban Development (DUS) have engaged on a plan revision to address citizens needs.

Our process follows Parcel Plan developed by DUS. From our February 2018 investigation, we had first hand experience witnessing how the first and second plan versions converted the neighborhood into a construction site spanning years. We heard the concerns and needs of the residents requesting specific interventions to claim their neighborhood back. The steep topography, existing construction site conditions, and the residents’ needs allow us to develop a plan that emphasizes the ambition of a sustainable neighborhood that is socially, economically and ecologically resilient.

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Locations of bike share programs within the city as well as the system of bike lanes. It shows the lack of bike lanes in the northwest corner of Tetuรกn where our site is. It also shows the extensive existing bike lane network which Valdeacederas could take advantage of by incorporating a bike lane into the plan for Paseo de La Direcciรณn.

This could provide an important connection to the larger systems of the city.

Figure B 08 .Bike Share and Lanes map by Emily Burrowes

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PASEO DE LA DIRECCIร N: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

Ventilla Park 39.53 acres

Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún Park 44 acres

Sede General de los Juzgados 30.5 acres

Locations of all green space in Tetuán.

The Parque Agustin Rodriguez Sahagún is an important amenity providing public outdoor space at the district scale. This map also illustrates the hard line of the edge of the park and the opportunity for more green space to spill from the park into the neighborhood.

Figure B 09. Ecological Matrix Map by Sangeetha Pollisetti

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2002

2006

The aerial images of Valdeacederas reveals the significant changes that have occurred throughout the neighborhood since 2002.

The current state of the neighborhood demonstrates the level of disruption that has occurred through the various construction endeavors.

Paseo de la Direcciรณn Changes

2012

2017

Figure B 10-13. Aerial Images of Valdeacederas Changes 2002-2017

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The flow accumulation of stormwater visualizes the runoff direction and determines the most likely path of storm water to collect.

This analysis provides an opportunity to incorporate green infrastructure interventions to manage stormwater in critical points.

Flow Accumulation Areas of Interest

Figure B 14. Flow Accumulation of Stormwater Diagram

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SITE DOCUMENTATION

Through interviews, we found residents felt a need for more housing and connections to the park. Residents displaced in the evictions and demolitions have not been relocated. The neighborhood also does not have enough parking and many have been occupying vacant lots. Since many of the residents are elderly, they expressed need for parking throughout so they can be in close proximity to their cars.

Figure B 15. Plaza de Calicanto, Calle Cantueso

Figure B 16. Plaza de Calicanto, Calle Cantueso PARALLEL WORKSHOP ETSAM UPM+TAUBMAN COLLEGE UM

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The public spaces such as playgrounds within the neighborhood were described as being misused by the elderly.

Residents point out that they will occupy the playgrounds during the day, making it so the children do not actually use the space dedicated to them. There were requests in the interviews for additional spaces specifically for the elderly population.

Some residents indicated that there is a lack of activities in the area. Additional restaurants, public spaces and program activities was requested.

Through direct observation we found people sitting on benches and walking their dogs alone Paseo de Direcciรณn, but not penetrating the park. There is a lack of connection points to the park made difficult by the elevation changes from the street to the park (Figure C 17). Small areas within the neighborhood that have been developed for the residents, but it lacks soft-scape (Figure C 18) and the areas developed are not substantial enough for the entire neighborhood. The biggest issue observed in the neighborhood is the topography. The elevation changes on the streets that access the park (Figure C 19) as well as major elevation changes from the parcels along Paseo de la Direcciรณn (Figure C 20). The existing paths are not accessible for the elderly, disabled, or parents with children in strollers (Figure C21). The aqueduct, a historical feature, is hidden by the retaining wall defining Paseo de la Direcciรณn (Figure 6) causing discontinuity between neighborhood and park.

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIร N: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

Figure B 17. Paseo de la Direcci贸n

Figure B 18. Plaza de Calicanto

Figure B 19. Calle del Capitan Blanco Argibay

Figure B 20. View of Paseo de la Direcci贸n

Figure B 21. Path from park to street above.

Figure B 22. Stair from Paseo de la Direcci贸n

Figure B 23. View of Aqueduct

Figure B 24. View of Aqueduct

Figure B 25. Paseo de la Direcci贸n

CONNECTION: Analysis and Diagnosis

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CRITICAL ISSUES Building Typology

Connections

Mixed-use sustainable building types integrated with the landscape will provide residents connections to other services outside of the district and improve connections to open spaces improving public health.

Add connections to the park to improve visibility. The architectural design will provide accessibility to the park and integrate with the site without obstructing views.

Buildings will not obstruct views of the park and act as an accessible entrance to the park.

•

•

• •

•

Efficiently use parcels to combine housing with commercial space at the lower level (grocery, pharmacy, etc.)

There will be multiple implementation of various programming that enhances neighborhood experience

The aqueducts will have a street presence to identify its location and mark accesses to the park.

•

Build visual connection with the park in the parcels.

•

Become the connection between the park and the existing buildings to attract people to come from the east to the park.

•

Increasing access between park and neighborhood Ramps in addition to stairs to give disabled patrons access between park and neighborhood Equal access to neighborhood amenities

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•

Quality of Life Improve access to connections by making the Paseo de la Dirección more permeable for pedestrians.

There will be buildings with uses specifically for the residents of the neighborhood to serve their needs.

The relationship with the street is redesigned to make it more pedestrian friendly.

•

Better Mobility/Accessibility

•

Provide community programing (events, facilities)

•

Provide Healthy Built Environments.

•

Understand Climatic Events.

Build flexible space to encourage different activities to make an active interface to the park.

•

Respects and Enhances Urban Ecology and Systems.

•

Addresses Pollution and Sources

Build the community center and the apartment on the site. The community center can become a center for the surrounding neighborhood.

The community center can be built before the building of the apartment to attract people to come to this area.

•

Employment + Activities

•

Access to Amenities

•

Improved Health Conditions

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

Building Types

Connections

Quality of Life

Figure B 26-31. Critical Issues documented during the site visit.

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URBAN SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK

Our team’s approach to urban sustainability is centered around increasing quality of life for residents in the short term and long term. To achieve this we aim to improve the redesign the neighborhood to incorporate a more productive urban form for the community. In order to insure that our proposal is living up to our goals, we believe that an objective metric for accountability is critical to the success of this project.

•

Better Mobility/Accessibility

•

Provide community programing (events, facilities)

•

Provide Healthy Built Environments

•

Understand Climatic Events

•

Respects and Enhances Urban Ecology and Systems

•

Addresses Pollution and Sources

•

Increase Quality of Life

•

Employment + Activities

Our plan tracks the following sustainable indicators to achieve our desired outcome:

•

Access to Amenities

•

Improved Health Conditions

•

Equal access to neighborhood amenities

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Demands And Needs of People • Including their common demands within our design: public services, green spaces, and ease of connectivity • Responding to our existing demographic by focusing public facilities towards them (the elderly) • Adding spaces, either green or public facilities, that allow community programming an events

Healthy Buildings

• Adapting streetscapes with green interventions • Providing inner neighborhood open spaces • Adding green infrastructure as aesthetic neighborhood elements • Using the topography for stormwater runoff capture • Using soft green interventions to provide a better pedestrian/cyclist experience

• Respond to bioclimactic conditions • Respect existing views, while meeting FAR requirements • Promote outdoor space to be enjoyed at ground level and provide interesting window views for occupants • Through public facilities, add programmed spaces such as: community gardens, senior centers, and others

Connectivity Neighborhood + Park • Connect to existing connections to the park from the neighborhood, emphasizing areas that are more accessible • Adding pedestrian walk ways and placing the road on a diet • Reforming existing streetscapes to soften current hard infrastructure and welcome park users

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Landscape Strategies

Inclusion Strategy Community Amenities • Expand streetscape types and variations towards the inner neighborhood • Place public facilities within safe, enjoyable walking distances • Use streets as transit hubs for pedestrians by focusing on people experience over car accessibility • Allow building typologies to remain open to the public through plazas

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

QUALITY OF LIFE AND INCLUSIVE DESIGN

Our proposal focuses on providing a relationship among natural systems, built environments and the residents of the neighborhood.

As we saw during our site visit, the new construction throughout the neighborhood has displaced many while also disturbing the flow of the site (via parking, movement, and neighborhood experience).

Citizens have criticized the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s response to the project and would like to see results delivered after the partial destruction of their neighborhood.

This proposal enhances critical neighborhood qualities, such as viewsheds, open spaces and neighborhood permeability, throughout and to other areas of this district.

A main goal of the design strategy is to increase connectivity between the park and the neighborhood.

It also contains healthy buildings, community amenities, and landscape programs to improve the existing environment. We plan to focus on a built environment

that allows the public to traverse, enjoy, and value it. Paseo de la DirecciĂłn is a visual wall for residents of Valdeacederas. As the main entryway to the park, our building and landscape ideas propose to provide a more pedestrian-oriented solution by adorning our streets with green streetscape solutions and including public plaza spaces within our building plans that connect to neighborhood and park connections.

offer many choices for people from different incomes. These apartments also focus on preserving views and providing adequate sunlight and space amenities for their occupants.

The diverse building typology also allows us to give the neighborhood a more organic character instead of completely blocking areas from park views.

The design contains ramps, elevators, escalators to allow most people walk in this area without barrier. There is also a senior center and a community center. The addition of neighborhood green space provides breathable room in a congested area of our site.

This public service offered through design interventions, green spaces, and facilities, add accessibility to an otherwise disconnected sector of our neighborhood.

The units of the apartments are designed in different sizes to

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CASE STUDIES

GENZYME CENTER

RAISED GARDEN DES SANTS, BARCELONA

MOBILITY PLAN FOR THE DISTRICT OF GRACIA

Our site uses vertical high rise building typologies with interior court spaces that pose major sustainability challenges in terms of daylighting, public health.

In Tetuán, there is a difficult topography of various steep slopes throughout the site that challenge connectivity and the quality of life.

Urban life is very important to our site and remains difficult with the Paseo De La Dirección heavily hindering connections and public activity for Tetuán’s population density.

The Genzyme Center is a design we aspire to with our various building typologies proposed to increase connections throughout the site and improving the quality of life.

The building design has positive influences in increasing public health throughout its spaces with daylighting and exterior connections to its urban context within the site to public transportation.

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The Raised Garden Des Sants in Barcelona is an inspiration for our various designed spaces as it greatly renewed the public spaces in terms of activity and improved public health.

The Raised Garden Des Sants incorporates ecological green spaces that connect neighborhoods by creating roof gardens that spill into pedestrian walkways to create natural accesses.

The Mobility Plan for the District of Gracia in Barcelona is a design we aspire to follow to reduce the presence of vehicular activity and increase the availability of public space.

The mobility plan redesigned various connections between the streets to make it more pedestrian friendly streets that increased urban life.

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

GENZYME CENTER •

•

Majority of the glazing is faced south to maximize winter sun exposure with overhangs to shade during the summer There is an incorporation of sunny wind-protected outdoor spaces extended out in living areas for access in cool weather

•

90% of the area is naturally daylight through interior atrium spaces

•

The building is on a remediated brownfield site and placed in close proximity to local public transportation

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MOBILITY PLAN FOR THE DISTRICT OF GRACIA, BARCELONA • • • • •

Addresses different scales of mobility Allow for the use of internal activities Improves urban quality and allows for “breathing” room Ecological Integrity is considered Focuses on improving complete streets and neighborhood aesthetic opportunity

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RAISED GARDEN DES SANTS, BARCELONA • • • • •

Re-purposed urban spaces Considers role of urban ecological spaces that create places for citizens Floral adoration of existing infrastructures with designed plantings Ecological Integrity is considered Provides a Transitional Buffer or a “Buffer Zone” that glues neighborhood together

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DESIGN PROPOSAL

CONCEPT AND GOALS

Most of the housing units in Valdeacederas are shared apartments and social housing, which are modest in size.

Therefore, the public spaces in and around Valdeacederas are essential living spaces for the community. The park that runs along the neighborhood of Valdeacederas serves as a backyard for the residents of the community.

The construction of Paseo de la Direcciรณn has threatened to sever Valdeacederas from the park, and our proposal is designed to keep these two community spaces connected.

Not only does our design aim to maintain the connection, it strives to further reinforce integration of the park and Valdeacederas more than it was prior to the construction of Paseo de la Direcciรณn. To achieve this, we have redesigned Paseo de la Direcciรณn to improve pedestrian access, create bike lanes, and implement green infrastructure elements such as medians with planter boxes to protect pedestrians as well as more

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trees lining the street. We have also proposed several new access points for pedestrians and bikes alike to access the park through more ramps. To insure that these new access points are utilized, they will be marked with follies. Our community research revealed a consensus that accessibility to the park was a top priority among the residents of Valdeacederas.

To further our concept of connection, we have designed new programming for several of the parcels along Paseo de la Direcciรณn. Each of these has been uniquely designed to enhance quality of life for the residents by providing more community spaces, retail, housing, and parking.

An additional insight from our research was that these vacant spaces in the community adversely affect quality of life, so developing these parcels into productive spaces for the community is essential to our mission.

the community and the practicality of implementation. This proposal does not have excessive or frivolous elements because we realize that the government does not have unlimited resources.

Wherever possible, we took measures to reduce costs with the goal of yielding the greatest benefit for the community for each dollar spent to implement this plan.

Every aspect of our proposal took into consideration the needs of

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IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY

Our proposal has four main goals:

RECONNECT NEIGHBORHOOD AND PARK MAKE THE STREET MORE PEDESTRIAN FRIENDLY ADD GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE ADD MIXED USE BUILDINGS.

Our strategy starts with short term goals which include temporary structures and procedures that will provide the neighborhood with quick relief of certain issues while more permanent structures can be worked out fro the next phase.

These temporary solutions include the demolition of the recycling facility which would return views to the park and reduce disruptive

noises. Road blockages would be put into place allowing for only two lanes of traffic along Paseo de la Direcciรณn. This would get the area accustomed to the lane reduction and allow pedestrians and bikers to use the additional space. Portions of these lanes will be devoted to parking to relieve the issue of limited space before structures can be constructed.

Bike lanes will be painted on the road to designate where people, bikes and cars are supposed to be. These measures are to provide safety to the residents as they pass to the park. The inner parcels can be transformed into recreational sports facilities as a safe place for children to play at night inside the neighborhood.

The actions we propose next are to complete all elements of our proposal. This will give the neighborhood much needed access to the park, pedestrianized streets, green infrastructure, and mixed use buildings. The first priority is to complete residential spaces as this seems

CONNECTION: Design Proposal

to be the most pressing issue in the neighborhood. Next to be completed are the connections to the park which include the senior center, amphitheater, and garden center. These are not only important connection points to the park from the neighborhood, but also provide public amenities for the residents. The goal is to being people from inside the neighborhood to the park. Green infrastructure is to be implemented simultaneously to promote a healthy neighborhood by making outdoor spaces more comfortable.

The final stage of our proposal is to develop residential buildings on the inner parcels. This longterm goal will be later developed as the priority for this project is to enhance the connections to the park along Paseo de la Direcciรณn.

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DESIGN DIAGRAMS

BIKE RACKS & PATHS

A bike path system is proposed which would connect Paseo de la Direcciรณn through the existing park. A dedicated bike lane will be added to Paseo de la Direcciรณn and ramps have been included at the intervention points along the park which will allow access from the bike lane on the street to the park below. A series of bike racks have also been proposed at the intervention parcels which correspond to the existing bus stops.

Proposed Bike Racks Proposed Bike Lanes Existing Bike Lanes

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BUS SYSTEM

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The existing bus system has been shown with a proposal to change the route of the 49 and N22 lines in order to add an additional stop on the southern portion of Paseo de la Direcciรณn. This will provide easy transportation access to the residents of the proposed housing units.

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PARKING DIAGRAM

Street parking is removed to extend sidewalks and increase the pedestrian experience through various streetscape interventions.

Our plans include incorporating underground parking that is withing a 5 minute walk from residential and commercial spaces.

5 Min Walking Radius Underground Parking Street Parking Removed

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STREET INTERVENTIONS Providing barriers between lanes of distinct traffic: pedestrian, bike, and vehicular traffic.

Using the steep topography to create spaces and expand sidewalks.

Expanding Bike Lanes and Pedestrian Sidewalk to prioritize over cars. Also prioritizing connections of Paseo de la Direcciรณn to the neighborhood.

Adapting streetscape to mass transit.

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LANDSCAPE TYPES Our landscape types incorporate ecological functions together with the aesthetic experience, the components around storm water runoff are also performative, literally, landscape as infrastructure.

The three categories of landscape types are: open/ green spaces, stormwater interventions, and streetscape design. Our typologies also address how people can interact within the landscape as well as how they provide important ecological services.

Streetscapes Interventions Open/Green Spaces Aqueduct

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Our various landscape types will allow us to increase vegetation diversity. Through this, we will increase aesthetic interests while meeting the ecological requirements for a healthy neighborhood.

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Street Trees

Street Tree Planters

Street Planters

Garden Spaces

Areas: Streetscapes

Areas: Streetscapes

Areas: Streetscapes

Areas: Streetscapes, Community Garden

Planters as Dividers

Vegetation as Barrier

Green Walls

Green Roofs

Areas: Streetscapes

Areas: Streetscapes, Open Spaces

Areas: Interventions

Areas: Interventions

Curb Removal

Space Creation

Areas: Interventions, Open Spaces

Areas: Open Spaces West Orientation

Improving pervious surface for stormwater runoff.

Using steep topography to capture stormwater.

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Adding more vegetation to improve bioclimactic conditions.

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BUILDING TYPES

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LIFTED V-BUILDING

LIFTED BAR

The massing is lifted to create permeable connections below and allow mixed use commercial spaces while maintaining connections at different elevations

Different masses with different heights are lifted to provide public pace below and incorporate mixed building types

RAISED U-HOUSING

LIFTED HOUSING

The building is raised and lands on a half perimeter building to create public access to a public courtyard space

Housing buildings land on an open space below to provide public spaces on the lower levels

CROSS BUILDING

SPINE BUILDING

The buildings land on an open space below to provide public spaces on the lower levels

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REIMAGINING THE CORNISA DE TETUÁN

The Groundforum Adorning the Cornise The Platform The Green Expansion The Aquatheater Growing with Community

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AREAS OF OPPORTUNITY HUMAN-SCAPES: PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN RECLAIMED

Streetscapes allow the citizens to access important amenities, such as: alternative transportation, recreation, businesses, in a safe and effective network.

Long arterial roads focus on expanding traffic capabilities, while streets focus on the people experience. We propose adding dedicated bike lanes and adorning the street with new green spaces that also alleviate the stress of the urban heat island and stormwater accumulation.

Section I: Connecting Calle Pando + the Inner Neighborhood to the Park.

Section II: Adapting Streetscape to mass transit infrastructure.

Section III: Connecting new buildings to the park through pedestrian streetscaping.

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Street Crossing

To Neighborhood

Calle Reyes Aiz

quibel

To Park

Pedestrian Crosswalk

Calle Pando

Street Section I Calle Pando and Reyes Aizquibelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s steep topography creates a visual blockade for pedestrians. Creating a pedestrian oriented corridor by placing roads on a diet, creates a street experience that connects citizens to the park.

Street Tree Planters

Green Median

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Street Tree Planters

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Bus Stop Shelter + Crossing

HUMAN-SCAPES

Double Load

Bike Trail Bus Stop Lane

Bus Road Bypass Street Section II As we add stormwater/urban heat island infrastructure and extend bike lanes, our proposal addresses how to integrate existing mass transit systems.

Pedestrian Crosswalks

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Reduced Road + Pedestian Crosswalk

Pocket Park + Corridor

Green Median Traffic Flow

Tower

Pedestrian + View Corridor

Street Section III Through Paseo de la Direcciรณn, this connects the new public services area with the mixed-use development, the new development tower, and the park.

At Existing Park

Community Center

Planters

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THE GREEN EXPANSION

Existing Park

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Opportunity for pedestrian-oriented streets to connect neighborhood park network.

Existing Traffic Circulation

The parcel plan can alleviate the neighborhoods’ congestion by providing new green and community open spaces within the site. Despite the existence of park space, these areas have been neglected and been trashed by many. The effort of this opportunity concept is to spread the benefits of green space for the neighborhood while building landscape that are valued by the community.

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Potential to Address Heavy Stormwater Flows

Opportunity to address urban ecology + climatic events

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Proposed New Residential Playground

seo D

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Sidewalk Extension + Planters

Street Reduction + Ballards

Outdoor Exercise Equipment

Pocket Park Series

People Movement

Proposed New Public Service Existing Parks

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GROWING WITH COMMUNITY

This parcel has a great view of the park and surrounding area. The proposal suggest a community garden with a café. The public garden uses raised planter boxes on the front and terraced planter boxes back. The café would maintain the public restrooms.

There is plenty of seating indoors and outdoors for patrons to enjoy the view. There is also a bike lane/walking lane between the aqueduct and the edge of the parcel, leading down to the park.

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THE AQUATHEATER

In the proposal, the existing island parcel becomes incorporated into the park. By moving Paseo de la Direcciรณn around the parcel, we make a stronger connection with the parkland create a large bend in the road which will serve to slow the flow of traffic for a more pedestrian and bike friendly road. Within the parcel itself we propose altering the topography to create an amphitheater effect with

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terraced seating areas ending in an entrance to the park through the arches of the existing aqueduct. A bike path runs along the aqueduct connecting the bike lane of Paseo de la Direcciรณn to the park below.

Kiosks located on the pavilion at the top of the amphitheater will sell drinks and small snacks while also providing a covered area for eating and relaxing.

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ADORNING THE CORNICE

This design contains apartments, a community center, a visitor center, and a library. The public buildings attract people to come to this area. The center outdoor space of the apartments offer space to people to have activities.

There are paths between buildings that connect the park and the neighborhood.

apartments

community center

library

visitor center

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THE GROUNDFORUM

Ground Forum is a senior center serving the needs of the large population of elderly in the neighborhood. The building is set into the park with the only street presence being a lookout tower, which can be seen from Calle de Felipe Mora. The tower does not obstruct views from the street due to the elevation changes, yet acts as a folly to signify an entrance to

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the park. The ramp North of the tower acts as an exterior entrance to the park while the tower is an interior entrance. The tower holds a stair and elevator with access to the building and park below.

The aqueduct is celebrated in this scheme with the planters around trees and skylights symbolizing the arches of the structure.

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THE PLATFORM

Site 6 incorporates the use of mixed-use buildings typologies reflected in the changing formal massing throughout the varying elevations on the site’s slope.

Private residential buildings land on public use spaces that create accessible landscapes and plazas that provide an accessible connections throughout the extreme slope. A theater located in the platform provides panoramic views of the park and maintains visual connectivity while providing access with the escalator below.

Residential buildings are multistory that rise above the public use buildings to meet FAR parcel requirements. Connections and views are maintained through spacing between the building forms at higher elevations. The calculations convey an increase in the FAR of the buildings to integrate a mixed-uses that incorporate residential and commercial space. Additional green space is introduced through the connections made through the ramped paths between volumes.

PARCELAS RESIDENCIALES AREA

PARCELA

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4428

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3619

10857

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2182

6365

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5922

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SUELO

EDIFICABILIDAD 4960

PARCELAS DOTACIONALES AREA

PARCELA

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1240

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2214

4428

D.3

2103

10857

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3492

6365

E.2

987

2100

E

SUELO

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ZONAS VERDES AREA

ZONAS VERDES

D

1476

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1038

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TETUAN-ING

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TETUAN-ING EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Through analysis of the site and interaction with some residents and business owners, our proposal identifies three areas of focus to shape a collective vision for the district of neighborhood.

Figure 01. Location of Tetuán within the City of Madrid

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First, addressing the progressive loss of identity in Valdeacederas, we propose to strengthen the image of the neighborhood, not only for its residents, but toward the city. To do this we propose that the Plan Parcial de Reforma Interior del Paseo de la Dirección incorporate historical evidence into the plan design. During the return from North Africa and the Battle of Tetun in 1861, General Leopoldo O’Donnell encamped north of the City of Madrid to arrive in parade formation for a grand procession into the city. The encampment was named Tetuán de las Victorias. The encampment was permanently settled and soon became the District of Tetuán. At roughly the same time, the construction of the Canal de Isabel II (CYII) joining the headwaters of the Lozoya River to the center of Madrid was

concluding. The canal passed just west of the newly thriving community of Tetuán, flowing directly through the Valdeacederas neighborhood. Celebrating the site histories is one of the ways to strengthen the rich identities and sense of community in this diverse area of the city. As the planning process continues, being attentive to the legacies found on site maybe one of the ways to heal the impact than the urban works have had in the long term residents of Valeacederas.

The planning process that began more than a decade ago to reshape the Paseo de la Dirección has taken a considerable toll on the residents of the neighborhood.

Valdeacederas has historically been a working-class enclave, with modest self-built housing.

When the urbanization for the PPRI started, the firm Dragados was charged with the execution of the work and many of these modest homes were demolished.

The owners were offered a home in newly built public housing in

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

Figure 02. View of Agustin Rodriguez Sahagún Park looking South from the North end of the Paseo de la Dirección.

Figure 03. Looking North along the Paseo de la Dirección.

the neighborhood, although the compensation they received for their former property did not cover the acquisition of their new dwellings, leaving them depending on social rents. For the planning process to address this situation, it is critical to focus on the delivery of services and facilities to build social cohesion as new residents move in. Seeding cultural, educational, social and recreational uses will be critical in early stages of development.

Second, targeting the loss of access and connectivity with the public realm, specifically addressing the design of the streetscape. Visiting the site, our team walked past dozens of empty pedestrian level facades missing the commercial opportunities that exist all over the neighborhood. Sidewalks need to become activated through opening the facades with large windows, bringing the inside outside. Widened sidewalks and better connected arterial streets with easy access to transit is vital.

TETUAN-ING: Executive Summary

Most importantly, Paseo de la Dirección holds the promise to become a centrality for the district, reconnecting neighborhood and park, and hosting a wide range of residential, retail and additional urban facilities.

Third, greening the neighborhood to improve the environmental performance of the open space network, and reintroduce urban nature in the dense fabric of Valdeacederas. This can be accomplished through appropriate landscaping, creation of arterial greenways along interconnecting corridors to and from the Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún Park. Additionally, a series of guidelines will offer additional opportunities to improve the bioclimatic performance of the built structures.

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CONNECTIVITY

STREET ACTIVATION GREENING IDENTITY ACCESSIBILITY

Figures 14 to 15: Examples of the barriers that have been erected between the neighborhood of Valdeacederas and Agustin Rodriguez Sahagún Park

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Figures 16 to 17: Activity on the street is minimal in Valdeacederas. Opportunities occur to develop vitality and commercial activity along main arterials.

Figures 18 to 19: Poor landscape examples within Valdeacederas leaves great opportunities to create connection through green corridors and passages into the park.

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIÓN: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

PLANNING OBJECTIVES

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DESIGN OBJECTIVES

THE CANAL INCREASING CONNECTIVITY 01 RE-IMAGINE 02 BAJO DE ISABEL II Reactivating the aqueduct is a challenge that considers the treatment of its material conditions for the purposes of breathing new life and elevating its current state. Our proposal reinterpretation of public spaces that are directly in contact with the canal through the design of interactive spaces. The incorporation of light features highlighting the aqueduct will add a sense of security in the spaces around it.

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Decreasing the domain of the vehicle on Paseo de la Direccion, from four lanes to two, to promote a more pedestrian friendly zone. We propose the incorporation of non-motorized traffic along both sides of the street with green traffic buffers for safety that will also contribute to the green infrastructure ambitions aforementioned. Valeacederas contains extreme height differences that contribute to the lack of connection between different areas of the site. By naturalizing the cornice as a strategic mediator our proposal softens the transition from Paseo de la Direccion to the Park. Regrading the site and eroding the retaining wall in addition to adding sloped surfaces and stairs in key locations where activities are located will increase the connectivity between the different areas promoting pedestrian activity.

PASEO DE LA DIRECCIĂ&#x201C;N: URBAN REGENERATION AND DISTRICT INTEGRATION

GREEN-CONSCIOUS 03 ADISTRICT

04 PROGRAMS TYPES TO PROJECT CHARACTER

One of our primary objectives revolves around extending the parkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s domain beyond its current boundary. Doing so will promote a green lifestyle within the communities that surround it while contributing to the quality of life experienced by the residents. Such strategies include: the collection of different plant species to help retain water and decrease the amount of impervious surface and the addition of trees for shading with canopies along sidewalks during summer times.

Our proposal prioritizes multi-use public facilities for a more active street life. The facilities proposed include: daycares, workshops for commercial use, library, and small scale local retail shops.

Small scale retail shops will be the predominant use we promote, as it will contribute to the creation of more job opportunities for the locals.

TETUAN-ING: Executive Summary

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ANALYSIS AND DIAGNOSIS

INTRODUCTION

Planning for the PPRI del Paseo de la Dirección has been a decade long and arduous process. The development firm Dragados was awarded the project back in 200607 and began work in 2008-09.

They proposed a redevelopment of the neighborhood and the new Paseo de la Dirección by eliminating blighted housing, constructing new public housing for the displaced residents, developing the revised street design, and creating new marketrate housing over looking the Agustin Rodriguez Sahagún Park.

The work involved evicting and relocating longtime residents by seizing and razing homes (photos three and four on previous page) that were considered substandard.

That process of relocation for some long term residents in the area is still ongoing. Two buildings have been developed to address the relocation needs.

The neighborhood representatives came together and challenged the plan that has seen three modifications in total. With the

arrival of the new municipal team, the terms of the project have changed, coming back to public control and terminating the contact with Dragados, the construction company who executed most of the public works. As of today, DUS has developed the third modified version addressing many of the concerns presented by the residents: protection of the lower canal, adequate provision of urban facilities and public housing for residents, protection of views by appropriate building scale along the Paseo de la Dirección, and greater public participation included in the development.

Dragados will pay its services by the completing the development of four parcels devoted to market rate housing, four polemic towers, two in the park, and two in the terminus of Marques de Viana.

to the Agustin Rodriguez Sahagún Park, a sore topic with the residents of Valeacederas.

Dragados created a retaining wall, mostly parallel to the historic Canal de Isabel II. This effectively cutoff the neighborhood from the park and created a larger and more obtrusive barrier for residents.

The transition points into the park are only partially developed and dangerous.

Creative Design Group spent one week analyzing the site conditions, interviewing residents and public facility users to gather feedback on the topics such as the general sentiment of the residents, the barrier created by the closed development process, facilities that the neighborhood needed, and what residents themselves envisioned for Valeacederas’ future.

In the meantime, many sections along the Paseo de la Direccion remain unfinished, especially with the poor connections that Dragados intended for connection

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Images 04 to 06. Images from the Valdeacederas neighborhood with some examples of old housing.

Images 07 to 09. Images from Paseo de la Dirección facing Agustin Rodriguez Sahagún Park

Images 10 to 12. Images from the Park Agustin Rodriguez Sahagún showcasing the Canal de Isabel II aqueduct.

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CRITICAL SITE ISSUES

Sunday Start point Monday End point

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Map 01. Routes for distribution of site analysis by groups during the visit on February 25 and 26, 2018

Figure 13: Team members interviewing local residents on February 29, 2018.

The initial site investigations raised three critical issues: identity, connectivity, and sustainablity.

The proposal integrates the neighborhood’s historical elements into the project at key locations to publicly display the importance of conserving historic heritage.

Tetuán was the site of a triumphal encampment parade into the city in 1861, the site became known as the Tetuán de las Victorias. At the same time, construction was finishing on the historic Canal de Isabel II which provided a desperately needed supply of fresh water for the growing city. The Canal runs through the project site.

Connection within the neighborhood can be improved with more direct routes for accessibility to transportation nodes, arterial corridors can connect the project site as a single unit, by interlacing the various land uses with each other through convenient pedestrian corridors, commercial activity centers, residential and institutional locations, and neighborhood

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parks. The disconnection with the Agustin Rodriguez Sahagún Park is a major barrier to the neighborhood. The construction of the new trace for Paseo de la Dirección transformed the natural connection, creating a retaining wall that poorly negotiates the topographic changes. Constructing green corridors that create gateway entrances into the park and flow into the interweaving pedestrian corridors within the neighborhood will allow for both visual and physical accessibility to the park.

Addressing all these concerns in a sustainable manner is key for the neighborhood. Green design of new buildings, appropriately landscaping the new corridors creating a network of greenways that flow into the park and providing opportunities for economic development through mixed-use design, can better serve the long-term residents of the neighborhood who have suffered the side effects of the long-term planning process the most.

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CATEGORY

SUB CATEGORY Environmental Protection

Environmental Cultural Identity

INDICATOR Canopy Coverage

Location, size and percentage of tree canopy coverage.

Green Space Area

Must have natural/green space near residents by walking or transit ride.

Passive Design

Strategies to optimize energy consumption

Historic Value

Attention should be paid to historic areas and efforts should be made to maintain the historic value.

Access to Cultural Areas

All residents should be able to access and travel to cultural centers.

Access to Open Space

All residents should have access to open spaces within a reasonable proximity .

Street Scape

New developments should be connected to existing main routes.

Block Type

Urban Construction Equity

Social Justice

Economic

Health

Development

Public Health

Table 01: Urban sustainability indicator chart

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Building frontage should encourage the use of street.

Access to Transit

All residents should be able to easily reach their destination by walking or accessible public transit

Access to Schools

Students of all ages must be able to access schooling.

Pedestrian Infrastructure

Streets must be welcoming to pedestrians.

Bike Lanes Infrastructure

Bike lanes should near roads and pavements for public to use.

Population

Population growth rate and future population projections have close relationship with carrying capacity.

Commuting

The mode choice and time consumption of the transportation system.

Social Housing

Economic

DESCRIPTION

Employment Rate

Social housing should be distributed fairly to low-income family.

Percentage of employment residents in the neighborhoods.

Commerce

All residents should be able to access and travel to commercial areas.

Access to Hospitals

All residents should be able to have easy access to hospitals and doctors either via walking or public transit.

Access to Pharmacy

All residents should be able to have easy access to pharmacy either via walking or public transit.

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URBAN SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK

Figure 20. Sustainability Matrix

The goal of the sustainability planning and design is to strength the economic, social and environmental sustainability of TetuĂĄnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s residents, businesses and neighborhoods. The process will improve the quality of life for people in Tetuan area, provide greater economic opportunities and address climate impacts through engagement with the broader community.

Community engagement will play a foundational role in the creation of a sustainability plan and design. Residents, City employees, and organizations all have specific issues, ideas, and even programs that address economic, environmental and equity issues in their neighborhood or organization. Residents are the experts on the issues that occur in their neighborhoods and so to craft an inclusive sustainability vision for the city, we need to fully understand the challenges and opportunities from their

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perspective. The approaches we propose are: Construction for the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s children and the elderly; Increased focus on disadvantaged residential areas and urban renewal; Improved conditions for culture and recreation; Build more city gardens and green spots; Better traffic connections and parking accessibility; Better connective infrastructure and streetscape between and within neighborhoods and Improved physical framework and marketing of commercial areas.

The sustainable development of the city should be the common development of economic development, urban construction, social livelihood, resource utilization, and environmental protection. Therefore, the construction of an evaluation indicator system for urban sustainable development is shown in the table 01.

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Figure 21. Quality of Life conceptual image

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QUALITY OF LIFE AND INCLUSIVE DESIGN

Quality of life must deal with satisfaction of residents with city infrastructure and facilities that would encourage them to stay in a place. There are many factors that influence peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s choice of a living place, including availability of employment, mobility of public transportation, accessibility of public space, availability of cultural and social infrastructure, level of safety, level of air quality etc.

Among all these factors, this proposal considers availability of employment, accessibility of public space and availability of cultural and social infrastructure as the three most crucial issues to tackle.

To do so, we focus on the green coverage on and the walkability of the street, management of bike and car lanes, the internal network of transportation and the new placement of public facilities. Each parcel will examine one or more of these issues in detail.

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CASE STUDIES

We examine three case studies that could potentially provide lessons in developing the proposal.

The first project provided approaches to recover and enhance public space. This Barcelona case uses different scales to illustrate the mobility of the district of Gracia, and by linking these data and resources to propose adequate super-block concept to improve urban life in Gracia. To be more specific, the research focus on the recovery of the pedestrian space, reorganization of the internal network, activities and uses in public space, and improvement of urban quality. It inspire us to think of opportunities and strategies to recreate street network in the neighborhood to provide better street environment that could promote quality of life for local residents.

The second case study shows the success of incorporation of public feedback, organizing activities to bring the site to

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life and connecting community programs to the development. In the historical center of Cuenca, Ecosistema Urbano identifies the great and underestimated opportunities that reside in the public space of this unique city to create a vibrant network of reactivated spots, improving the urban experience and aspiring to a more livable and lively environment. This case provide example of strategies to discover potential space in perimeter block urban pattern and propose intervention and programming in urban neighborhood to introduce public facilities and community activity space, encouraging a more cohesive and well-functioning neighborhood.

social housing, a school, sports hall, two playgroups, day-care center and care support center.

This example give us inspiration to rethink types of social housing, which is a crucial component in development, to promote a more dynamic living environment for residents and more convenience through easily accessible living amenities.

The third case demonstrates a smart organization of functions and building volumes to ensure an engaged and safe neighborhood.

The fruitful collaboration between Mecanoo, the developer Ymere, the school board, a design studio and an artist resulted in a richly detailed building that contains

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CASE 01: SUPERMANÇANA DE LA VILA DE GRÀCIA A mobility plan and green streets design project Name: Vila de Gràcia SuperblockProposal of Development Location: Gracia District, Barcelona, Spain Year: 2010

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CASE 02: CUENCA RED A neighborhood public space revitalization project.

Name: CUENCA RED Location: Central Historic District, Cuenca, Ecuador Year: 2015 / 2016

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CASE 03: OSDORP HOUSING A mixed use centered embedded in social housing project.

Name: Osdorp Mixed Use Centre and Housing Location: Amsterdam, Netherlands Year: 2005 - 2011

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DESIGN PROPOSAL

CONCEPT AND GOALS

The proposal is set forth focusing on the three major areas of identity, connectivity and environmental sustainability.

The proposal addresses the six individual areas of opportunity distributed along the Paseo de la Dirección from North to South as outlined in the PPRI. These areas of opportunity present specific connection points between the neighborhood and Agustin Rodriguez Sahagún Park. All connection points integrate the heritage of the lower canal as a key identity component. They flow into and through the viaduct arches at every point they are exposed along the neighborhood edge. This strengthens the connection between the historical development of the canal and its importance of being located here in the Valeacederas neighborhood.

The proposal also highlights the park connectivity not only with Valeacederas, but the other surrounding neighborhoods: Valdezarza and Barrio del Pilar.

One of the most important aspects

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of the development proposal is to make the Paseo de la Dirección into a parkway, creating a more attractive and safe passage for pedestrians in and from the park. The proposal focuses on a complete landscaping alteration, providing a tree canopy along the roadway on both sidewalks and by creating a planted median as well.

In the summer months, Madrid is notorious for it heat, and the more shade provided for pedestrians along the roadway traveling to a from the park, we will create both a beautiful and functional element.

or prospective clients to locate in the exciting new developments.

With the high amount of pedestrian street activity, the project anticipates shop fronting should not be an issue along the green corridors that are created in and around the Valeacederas neighborhood and along the Paseo de la Dirección.

The project also incorporates mixed-use development into the new structures. This way, Paseo de la Dirección becomes a more convenient location for shopping and leisure and a neighborhood level economic generator. Opportunities exist between the city district real estate properties and the private sector. Leasing to market rate and even more moderate rate commercial proprietors creates an opportunity for local shop owners

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IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY

The implementation strategy is to develop the connections to the park first and foremost. The residents have been cutoff from the park for the last ten years and need a safe and accessible way to reconnect to it. In the proposal, all the connections are above ground indicates that they can be done cheaper, more efficiently, in shorter time, and a safer manner than tunneling under the roadway.

Creating the parkway along the Paseo de la DirecciĂłn is another easily accessible and less costly project than other aspects such as building and leasing residential, institutional, commercial structures.

Regarding building construction, the project advices work be completed on a triage approach.

During interviews residents have stressed the necessity of more affordable housing, a priority to keep the neighborhood accessible to multiple incomes. Several of the residential structures would have parking incorporated into them relieving some of the need

for residents´ housing. Ideally, the project will contain at least one parking space per residential unit.

The next step is to incorporate existing structures in the neighborhood to develop the space that they currently have into commercial businesses. The project proposes creating a better serving network of streets, sidewalks, and pathways to have active streets and people outside This will also brand the neighborhood as a great transition point between the other areas of Madrid to the east and the A.R. SahagĂşn Park.

Celebrating the historical identity in the public space will build a recognition factor that the rest of the city will take notice of.

Valeacederas will perform as a dense, lively, active, and attractive community to be in. The park will gain a lot from the development of these connections and will receive the recognition that other parks in the city currently enjoy.

of the activity nodes, the central hub of the neighborhood, and the new parkway complete the design proposal.

Finally, the network of all new and existing buildings, the connection

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MIRADOR Art Corridor, Stepped Platform

EL FRIJOL Multipurpose Community Center

PARQUE AGUSTÍN RODRÍGUEZ SAHAGÚN Skate Park

PARQUE AGUSTÍN RODRÍGUEZ SAHAGÚN Urban Exhibition, Micro Museum

EL NEXO Residential, Commercial, Cultural

LA SALIDA Residential, Retail, Community Service

CENTRO RECREATIVO Media Center, Residential PARQUE AGUSTÍN RODRÍGUEZ SAHAGÚN Bike Sharing, Cafe, Urban Exhibition PARQUE AGUSTÍN RODRÍGUEZ SAHAGÚN Viewing Deck EL CENTRO DEPORTIVO Sport Facilities, Playgrounds

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ILLUSTRATIVE PLAN

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Culture observatory

Food Market

BUILDING IDENTITY + CULTURAL PROGRAMMING

day care

Fountain

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Botanical Garden

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Gallery G

Garden

Offices and Restaurants

Activity Zone

Media Center

Amphitheater

Fitness

Residential

Commercial

Insitutional

Public Space

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INCREASING CONNECTIVITY

Increasing Connectivity

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Bike Hub Bike Lane

Views

Pedestrian Access

Ramp

Pedestrian Crossing

Slope and Building

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GREENING THE DISTRICT

Greener District

Bike Sharing Hub

New Green Space

Westside Shading

Bus Stop

Green Streets

Solar Panel & Thermal Tube

Narrowing Paseo

Park

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AREAS OF OPPORTUNITY PARQUE AGUSTÍN RODRÍGUEZ SAHAGÚN

The current problem here now is the disconnection between the park and community. So the concept would address it by increasing more access from the community to the park. This one would be direct. Another strategy is to add more programs that can attract people to come here, like skate park, viewing deck and et cetera; Not only from physical engagement but visual connection.

Another important elements here is the Canal Bajo de Isabel II, a heritage. Centering it would be the original concept. Based on this, we come out three main strategies that can achieve our goal. The first is to set more stairs and ramps to the canal; the second is to add light near the canal to promote security; the third one is to create theme plazas around the canal.

Figure 22. Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún Park

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7 “big step”

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9 Viewing Deck

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LA AVENIDA

Figure 23: La Avenida

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Figure 24: Pathway Concept

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Figure 25: Avenida de la Direcciรณn at La Salida Design Concept TETUAN-ING: Design Proposal

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Figure 27: Frijol Design Concept PARALLEL WORKSHOP ETSAM UPM+TAUBMAN COLLEGE UM

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Figure 26: El Nexo Design Concept

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EL MIRADOR

This parcel becomes an entry to park with the highest elevation toward the rest of the park and the Canal Bajo de Isabel II. The design strategy introduces trails and ramps to connect low-lying parks and parcels, and raise the streamline to be the highest point of the parcel—a viewing platform where residents can look down at the park, canal and Paseo de la Dirección. For the connection

between Parcel and Paseo de la Dirección, the design adapts to the terrain topography, and introduces the streamline from the northern end of the park to the south. The parcel also incorporates green infrastructure under the big steps to achieve the goal of sustainable design. We modify Paseo de la Dirección into two lanes, with wider sidewalks and bike lanes.

Figure 28: Location of opportunity Parcel A located on the Northern end of the Paseo de la Dirección.

Area: 2770 m2

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Stepped Platform

Air Corridor Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún Park

Sidewalk

Bike Lane

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EL FRIJOL

Currently the parcel is an island surrounded by the Paseo de la Direcciรณn. The parcel can be enlarged by connecting it directly to the edge of the park. This design allows the site to be used as a multipurpose community center and provide a daycare and preschool for the neighborhood.

Figure 29: The gateway into the park and commercial activity.

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The street will remain on the inside of the new parcel and the whole space will be activated with mixed commercial uses. The site currently contains a small market, providing more space to allow similar facilities will create a neighborhood destination.

Connection to the park will be stepped down from the new parcel and pass through the canal arches.

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Figure 30: Frijol Design Concept

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EL NEXO

Figure 31: El Nexo Design Concept

FAR of Parcel 2: 3.3 FAR of Parcel 3: 5.1 FAR of Parcel 4: 4.7

Axonometric

These parcels are located inside the high-density neighborhood of Valdeacederas, linking two new residential buildings that house many of the relocated families.

The proposal identifies this area as an activity and green core or the neighborhood. A commercial + culture complex and a large-scale green space will be in the center of this area providing services an open space to the residents. Parcel 1 will include public housing to accommodate different kinds of families, such as nuclear family, extended family, etc. Parcel 2 will add much needed cultural and commercial facilities.

Green System Linear Green

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Function Patch Green

Residential

Culture

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LA SALIDA

The Gateway re-images the face of the neighborhood along Paseo de la Direcciรณn, including new social housing and urban facilities.

The massing strategy orients the long facades south to maintain the east-west visual connection between neighborhood and park. In responding to the elevation change is negotiated through a multi-level plinth with its roof accessed on street level as landscape and activity space.

Considering the relatively high land value of the site, there can be rent-out retail space on this parcel. Urban facilities can be office space for community service and co-work space for local small business. The social housing parcel introduces different types of housing and staggers the units to minimized shading.

Figure 32: La Salida Location Parcel A FAR: 3.82 Parcel B FAR: 2.73 Total FAR: 2.92

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CENTRO RECREATIVO

Figure 33: Centro Recrativo Location

This parcel is characterized by the steep topography that disconnects the neighborhood The design extends the domain of the sidewalk and its public space by using the topography as a strategic mediator. This parcel also serves as a key contributor of infrastructure providing a parking structure, affordable housing, and a Media Center. The Media Center’s program is a central library adjacent to Paseo de la Dirección with extruding volumes that engage the new sloped sidewalk containing a variety of activities for the different age groups and times of the day.

Parcel Area: 96,000 sq. ft.

Parcel FAR: 1.3

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Program

Views

Connections

Parking

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Institutional: Media Center Underground Parking Residential West Facade Solar Panels

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EL CENTRO DEPORTIVO

Located on the southernmost point of the park, this parcel offers a prime location to build a sports facility with additional outdoor recreational opportunities. The Canal Bajo de Isabel II divides the parcel in two, and the site strategy responds accommodates the sports facilities on the upper level, west of the canal. The new building can provide indoor sports facilities and coffee, light meal and other relaxing functions. The other half of parcel is designed as a skate park. The buffer area to protect the Canal serves as a green infrastructure.

Figure 34: Centro Deportivo Location Parcel Area: 8,709 m2 Parcel FAR: 0.9

B-B Section

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BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

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Arriba, A., & de la Fuente, R. G. Centro y Periferia en la ciudad de Madrid (1985-2005): un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de los barrios de Valdeacederas y Los Rosales.

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