A/V Mappings and Notations investigations in motion, time and space
Clemson University School of Architecture 4th Year Studio and Undergraduate/Graduate Seminar Work Directed by Professor Martha Skinner
Students: Donna Horne Knox Jolly Addison Woodrum Fraysse Lyle Mason Edge Sheldon Lovelace Jonathan Pitts Marc Leverant Mike Stopka Isaiah Dunlap Akiko Matsumoto Cole Stamm Simons Young
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Motion/Space Mappings Martha Skinner
Architecture, spaces, cities... are not static, but rather dynamic and ever entities. It is the activities, the patterns of use, the eeting encounters that so intrinsically constitute place. Digital audio/video recorders have the potential to capture, study, measure, and understand the temporal conditions of place. The capacities of this device as investigative are found through the exploitation of its features, camera techniques, by embracing the camera as an extension of our body, and by understanding and rethinking our more common (architectural) drawing conventions via the conventions of the moving image. In this 4th year architecture studio the students started by carefully constructing, precisely capturing, observing, and measuring a domestic activity at dawn and at dusk with the video camera as well as with photography and drawing. Time lapse, duration, and speed were explored as revelatory of otherwise imperceptible moments. Camera features such as trail effect, night vision, exposure changes and ďŹ lters were used to isolate or exaggerate the focus of the investigation. These 2-d studies were then reassembled as slivers of time that combined along an axis created a motion/space CAT Scan – a 3-dimensional analog to the initial study. These were done via laser cuts and 3-D printing, both processes involving an assembly of layers. The third step transformed these mappings into 4-dimensional inhabitable representations of these studies. The work of this studio was conducted this semester in conjunction with the A/V Mappings and Notations seminar/studio that Skinner also teaches and which aims to merge the vocabulary of the moving image with the vocabulary of drawing.
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Threshold study in 3-D combining photography, model and video projection 4
Time-lapse photograph examining a threshold condition 5
Sound and video installation documenting a threshold condition from night to day 6
A threshold from night to day using video projection, sound, model, photography and drawing combined 7
Motion study in charcoal drawing 8
Motion studies in photography 9
Motion studies in photography and charcoal 10
Both doors open
Library door open
Both doors closed
Installation that maps the movement through space 11
LCD screens and Plexiglas boxes documenting and exhibiting a walk up the stairs. 12
Time-lapse photograph and drawing documenting a walk up the stairs 13
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3-D model photographs depicting time and space of a walk up the stairs 15
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Body movements of the act of making the bed are ampliďŹ ed by the volumetric stages of the sheet in video and 3-D modeling 17
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The act of making the bed - 3-D printed models of the sheet volumes 19
The act of making the bed - computer model of volumetric sheet 20
Video and tactile installation describing the spatial act of making the bed 21
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Examination of the body in motion by the deformation of a projected grid 23
Photo and video of a 2 1/4 mile run at dusk 24
Photo stills of segments in time of a 2 1/4 mile run at dusk 25
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Laser cut model (CAT scans) of the 2 1/4 mile run broken down into individual revolutions of the cycle 27
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Installation of 2 1/4 mile run at dusk - a moving interactive projection 29
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Video and installation exploring the unconscious behaviors of people 31
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Sleeping - motion study with drawing, video and 3-D printed models 33
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Displacement of space by a living object through video, drawing, photography and installation 35
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Mapping the City in Movement: The Car as an A/V Apparatus Martha Skinner
“...our experience of the city, and hence our response to architecture, is almost exclusively conducted through the medium of the automobile: the car defines our space whether we are driving, being driven or avoiding being driven over. The car has been an integral part of metropolitan life for so long that it has become part of the urban fabric.” Jonathan Bell, Carchitecture. The issue of time and of the bodyʼs relationship to space and an activity which was explored in the work of the previous chapter are carried to another scale in this exercise. A common organizational condition of our cities which is derived from our car culture - a culture in movement is studied. The car is seen as an extension of the body into the space of our city(ies) and as a mechanism, a ʻmediumʼ for reading and measuring place. The car/body is exploited as a measuring tool, and as means for discovering and understanding our places of transition. The students turned their own cars into audio/video apparatuses, instruments for reading and measuring by carefully framing views and collecting sounds via the various apertures of the vehicle as related to the contracting and expanding experience of the space around them from within their car. The documents were choreograph as a kind of section through the city where the line drawn, the section cut, is the trajectory of driving. The space(s) of the car/city are dissected as a way to understand organizational patterns in time.
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A video mapping of the social activities that occur within and outside the car 39
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The mapping of a small downtown street in six time lengths - car drives 43
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Across-section - a sliver of the city moves as if pushed by the speed of the car 45
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Car video apparatus investigating the signals of cars and city that guides our car’s movements 47
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Automoscope: movement through the city as guided by red, yellow, and green lights 49
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inter[sur]face - the city captured as reections interfacing with the inside space of the vehicle
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Stills from video drawing entitled Transient Hives, a proposal harnessing movements of the commercial strip 53
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Beyond Media: Spot on Schools Martha Skinner, Doug Hecker
For Spot on Schools, an international exhibition sponsored by iMage and the University of Florence in Italy, an inhabitable projection was proposed by the School of Architecture at Clemson University which took the explorations of the A/V Mappings and Notations studio and seminar to a full-scale experiment. The installation which presented individual student projects also mapped the activity of people as they interacted with the student work presented during the period of one week - the length of the exhibit.
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Ryuji Sibata, “Parallel,” 1937: This illustration is a photographic proof of the statement that “distortion may mean vision in motion” - from L. Maholy-Nagy’s Vision in Motion
For an international exhibition dedicated to schools experimenting with new media, an inhabitable projection was proposed. The installation which presented individual student projects also mapped the activity of people as they interacted with the student work presented during the period of one week - the length of the exhibit. Like the body of water in Moholy-Nagy’s example, a fluid inhabitable volume was created. By using 18 miles of string threaded and hanging from laser cut patterned panels of varying densities a thickened penetrable space was formed. This space was made luminous and also measurable by the projection of slowly changing colored light and moving horizontal lines which penetrated the space at different densities marking time at three different rates. 56
The volume of string and the projected lines were deformed by the movement of people as they passed and engaged with the work embedded within the string volume and playing on two small LCD screens. These deformations were captured with daily video recordings and re-projected into the volume during each following day in a layered process which developed a video drawing of the motion and activity through the space in time over the course of a week. Visitors who came to see the student work imbedded within were drawn to the silky tactility of the surface of the volume, quickly disappearing into it while others already inside would suddenly reemerge while interacting with the disappearing and reappearing ghosted projections of the previous users of the space. The light and colors of the projection filtered through the various densities of moving string creating from without a luminous inviting solid and from within; an experience like that of being submerged in water. This effect which was phenomenological for the visitors, took the experiment back to the Mogoly-Nagy “space-time synonym� example that inspired the work. The string volume experiment while being a mapping through the revelatory deformations of a mass is also like water as an experience. The project submerged people into a space of refraction, light, color, depth, movement and fluidity. 57
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Early mock-up experimenting with light patterns 59
Drawing of laser cut templates for string pattern
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Assembly of installation 61
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Diagram describing video cycle of the motion and activity in the space through time 64
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Approach to the installation 67
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The Spot on School Exhibit is part of the BEYOND MEDIA international festival of architecture and media. It is promoted by the University of Florence and organized by iMage. 2005 Spot on Schools was curated by Paola Giaconia. The Beyond Media festival was curated by Marco Brizzi. The work presented in the installation by the School of Architecture Clemson University included a collection of projects from the Southern Cities studio led by Doug Hecker and work from Martha Skinner’s A/V Mappings and Notations studio and seminar. Clemson University students and alumni represented in the exhibit: Brooke Barr / Emily Cox / Matt Clarkson / Dan Culbertson / Sandra Doyle / Isaiah Dunlap / Mason Edge / Hans Hermann / Donna Horne / Knox Jolly / Losse Knight / Marc Leverant / Sheldon Lovelace / Fraysse Lyle / Akiko Matsumoto / Jonathan Pitts / Alicia Reed / Thad Rhoden / Lindsey Sabo / Peyton Shumate / Cole Stamm / Mike Stopka / Cleve Walker / Matt Warner / Addison Woodrum / Simons Young. Clemson University students who worked on the installation: Mason Edge / Donna Horne / Knox Jolly / Marc Leverant / Sheldon Lovelace / Fraysse Lyle / Jonathan Pitts / Cole Stamm / Addison Woodrum. The other schools which participated in the 2005 Beyond Media Spot on School exhibit: Architectural Association / Carnegie Mellon University / Clemson University / Columbia University / ETH Zurich / Fabrica / Hosei University / Instituto Superior Técnico / Miami University / NABA / National Chiao Tung University / Pratt Institute / Princeton University / SCI-Arc (Southern California Institute of Architecture) / Uc Berkeley / Università La Sapienza / University of Applied Arts Vienna. Photo credits: Mason Edge / Doug Hecker / Knox Jolly / Martha Skinner / Raffi Tomassian
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Index Edge, Mason - pgs. 4-7, 22-23, 40-41 Horne, Donna - pgs. 32-33, 44-45 Jolly, Knox - pgs. 24-27 Leverant, Marc - pgs. 12-15, 36-37 Lovelace, Sheldon - pgs. 28-29 Lyle, Fraysse - pgs. 8-11 Pitts, Jonathan - pgs. 30-31, 40-41 Stamm, Cole - pgs. 46-47 Stopka, Mike - pgs. 50-51 Woodrum, Addison - pgs. 16-21, 38-39 Young, Simons - pgs. 48-49