CHICAGO STUDIO.
MARU PADILLA
This book is a recollection of daily experiences, thoughts, sketches and projects that will conclude with semester abroad before returning to Monterrey. I am motivated to tell a story about my stay in Chicago; a wonderful opportunity that I accomplished by my own motivation. Coming here as a foreign and the only non-Virginia Tech student, was a challenge that I reminding my self about my achievement of being here and the importance of making the most of it. Chicago Studio consists on eighteen fourth year architec-
working space and an inmense opportunity for meeting new people, and learning from experienced architects. Each student is also given three mentors, which will help guide us and establish a relationship with the student.
PREFACE 2
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DESIGN STUDIO 08 INTRODUCTION 02 CHICAGO STUDIO 12 JOURNAL - PART ONE 28 RADICAL CONJECTURES 36 JOURNAL - PART TWO 40 STUDIO PROJECT - ICKE HOMES 46 SITE ANALYSIS 66 CONCEPT 68 PROCESS 98 RENDERINGS 100 JOURNAL - INTERNSHIP 186 MEMORIES
02 03
PROPRACTICE
116 LECTURES 144 PRACTITIONER INTERVIEWS TRANSCRIPTS 155 CODES AND ETHICS INTERVIEW
DELFT WORKSHOP 156 ANALYSIS 159 DATA INFORMATION 160 DRAWINGS AND PHOTOMONTAGES
04 6
URBAN MAPPING 166 CITY BUILDING SUMMARIES
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ABOUT
INTRODUCTION: The program is a semester long interdisciplinary collaboration in Chicago (architecture, urban design, landscape architecture, interior design) in Virginia Tech’s College of Architecture & Urban Studies. CHICAGO STUDIO creates a neutral platform for the discussion of architecture and urbanism in Chicago, and the curriculum mechanism directly integrates education and practice by embedding students within some of Chicago’s top architecture and Chicago as the design laboratory where students test ideas.
private sector, ranging from global leaders in practice to the city government to the local community. The process intentionally architectural solutions that are relevant to the contemporary city. CHICAGO STUDIO than half of them local architects and urban designers (many VT alumni) that are enriching the students experience. Together, collaboration engages the city — from the Mayor to local Chicagoans — to confront real issues that architecture and design can help solve. 8
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animated diagrams overlayed over our site videos. animated diagrams overlayed over our site videos. FRIDAY: PIN UP!
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1 RADICAL CONJECTURE.
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RADICAL CONJECTURE 1: CHINATOWN ISLAND
NETWORK OF SYSTEMS BASED ON AGRUPATION OF NODES FOR INFINATE AND FLEXIBLE GROWTH. The resultant mapping of New China Town relates to the layering of programs where multiple functions tend to coexist according to patterns and rules. The New proposal is based on understanding the ingredients of Chinatown based on their functions and the relationships between them. 29
2 RADICAL CONJECTURE.
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3 RADICAL CONJECTURE.
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PLANS 1 - 9 1/128” = 1’
W CERMAK
CREATING S STATE ST
N
SITE PLAN 1/128” = 1’
AS
A
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SEQUENCE
PLACE
FOR
OF
EXTREME
MAPPING
THE
SPATIAL SOUNDS
OF
CONDITIONS THE
URBAN
FABRIC.
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SOUNDSCAPE SOUNDSCAPE PERCEPTION PERCEPTION
VISUAL VISUAL REALITY REALITY
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URBAN ECOSYSTEM
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40,000 FAMILIES DISPLACED OF THEIR HOMES. 42
COMMUNITY TORN BY VIOLENCE. 43
ICKES HOMES - ELEVATION PLANS
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SENSE OF COMMUNITY WITHIN THE BUILDING
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ATYPICAL MAPPING
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ATYPICAL MAPPING - CERMAK CORRIDOR / PERCEPTION VAGUE
COLORFUL
CLUSTERED NATURE
NATURE ABANDONED
QUIET ABANDONED
NATURE QUIET QUIETQUIET TIMEWORN NATURE DARK DARK INDUSTRY INDUSTRY ABANDONED DARK DARK
LOUD
LOUD VANDALIZED DARK
TIMEWORN
CONNECTIVE TIMEWORN UNSAFE
TIMEWORN
UNSAFE
GLOOMY
UNSAFE CONNECTIVE
UNSAFE
GLOOMY
CRIME
LIVELY CLUSTERED CULTURAL SOCIAL COLORFUL COMMUNITY
TIMEWORN
LONELY UNSAFE TIMEWORN UNSAFE UNSAFE
LONELY LONELY
POLLUTED
LOUD
SYMBOLIC
COMMERCE
VIVID
SPACIOUS
UNSAFE DULL
ACTIVE
LONELY
DARK
CRIME DARK DIRTY OPPORTUNITY
BARRIER BARRIER
COMMERCE COMMERCE
SYMBOLIC
SYMBOLIC
CULTURAL VIBRANT VIBRANT VIBRANT COMMUNITY
CRIME
LOUD OLD
EMPTY
MONOTONOUS MONOTONOUS
STILL
STILL LIFELESS STILL LONG
LIFELESS
SILENT
SILENT DULL ISOLATED
STILL ISOLATED ATTRACTION
MONOTONOUS LIFELESS ISOLATED
LONG DULL
OPENNESS
VAGUE
BARRIER
SECURE
OVERWHELMING
DISCONNECTED CORPORATE CLEAN
CLEAN
COMMERCE
OLD
OPENNESS
DIRTY
UNUSED
VACANT
VACANT
COMMUNITY CRIME POLLUTED LIVELY COMMUNITY VIBRANT CRIME SPACIOUS LIVELY DIVERSITY CULTURAL COLORFUL
ATTRACTION
SPACIOUS
POLLUTEDSPACIOUS
LOUD
LIVELY DIVERSITY BARRIER SOCIAL CLUSTERED SOCIAL SOCIAL
POLLUTED POLLUTED
COLORFUL
DIVERSITY
ABANDONED
LONG
UNUSED
OPENNESS
OLD
SILENT
CONTAINED SECURE
CONTAINED SECURE ISOLATED
LONELY
OLD
CLEAN
ATTRACTION CONTAINED
DISCONNECTED
OVERWHELMING
OPPORTUNITY
CLUSTERED
OVERWHELMING
VAGUE
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CLUSTERED NATURE
NATURE ABANDONED
TIMEWORN
QUIET ABANDONED
QUIET QUIETQUIET DARK DARK ABANDONED DARK DARK
NATURE
NATURE
INDUSTRY LOUD
INDUSTRY
LOUD VANDALIZED DARK
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CONNECTIVE TIMEWORN UNSAFE
TIMEWORN
UNSAFE
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UNSAFE CONNECTIVE
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LIVELY CLUSTERED CULTURAL SOCIAL COLORFUL COMMUNITY
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SYMBOLIC
LONELY LONELY
POLLUTED
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SPACIOUS
STILL LONG
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COMMERCE COMMERCE
SYMBOLIC
SYMBOLIC
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VIBRANT VIBRANT VIBRANT COMMUNITY
LOUD OLD
EXISTING CHARACTERISTICS
LIFELESS
LONG DULL
STILL ISOLATED ATTRACTION SECURE
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CLEAN
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OPENNESS BARRIER
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COMMUNITY CRIME POLLUTED LIVELY COMMUNITY VIBRANT CRIME SPACIOUS LIVELY DIVERSITY CULTURAL COLORFUL
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MONOTONOUS MONOTONOUS
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ATMOSPHERIC UNSAFE MONOTONOUS LIFELESS ISOLATEDMAPPING DULL
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SAFE APPEALING VIBRANT MAPPING ACTIVE OCCUPIED ATMOSPHERIC ALIVE
CONNECTION
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ORDERED
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COMMUNITY LIVELY COMMUNITY VIBRANT LIVELY DIVERSITY CULTURAL COLORFUL
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SAFE SAFECLEANDIVERSE NEW DIVERSITY DIVERSITY CONNECTED ACTIVE LIVELY VITAL POPULATED CONTAINED OPPORTUNITY VITALOPENNESS ACTIVE CORPORATE SYMBOLIC CONTAINED APPEALING DENSE VITAL POPULATED VIBRANT SAFE COMMERCE VITAL ISOLATED SECURE VITAL DENSE ACTIVE SAFE POPULATED CULTURAL ACTIVE CONNECTED FAMILIAR VIBRANT ACTIVE DENSE ACTIVE VIBRANT ACTIVE CONNECTIVE NEIGHBORHOOD OPENNESS NEW CLEAN POPULATED DENSE COMMUNITY NEW VIBRANT VIBRANT COMMUNITY OPPORTUNITY ALIVE CONNECTIVITY SECURE NEW
ATTRACTION CONTAINED
CONNECTED
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APPEALING
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OPPORTUNITY
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TRASH MAPPING - CERMAK AXIS / LUMBER ST. TO MCCORMICK PLACE
PILSEN
INDUSTRIAL
CHINATOWN SITE
BRIDGE UNDERConstruction PASS Debris Alcohol
CORONA
NEWPORT 48.4% BLACK 32% WHITE 15.1% HISPANIC 1.5% ASIAN
SCAFFOLDED UNDERAREA PASS Food & Alcohol
MARLBORO 75% WHITE 16.5% HISPANIC 3.6% ASIAN 2.2% BLACK
NEWPORT CHINESE BRANDS 48.4% BLACK 32% WHITE 15.1% HISPANIC 1.5% ASIAN
NEWPORT 48.4% BLACK 32% WHITE 15.1% HISPANIC 1.5% ASIAN
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DENSITY MAPPING
John Hancock Center 1: 250
Site Plan 1:250
Chinatown 1:500
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Site Plan Icke Homes
China Town Block
John Hancock Center
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REGIONAL FORCES MAP HIGH SPEED RAIL - CONNECTIVITY creating a high speed rail that connects different cities to Chicago and has a direct impact
Minneapolis
Milwakee
Des Moines
Omaha
Chicago
Quincy Topeca Kansas City St. Louis
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3 Hours Montreal
Ottowa
2 Hours Toronto Rochester
Albany Syracuse
1 Hour
Buffalo Detroit
Hartford
Kalamazoo
South Bend
New York City
Toledo Cleveland
Trenton Philadelphia Pittsburgh Indiannapolis
Columbus
Cincinatti
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IMMIDIATE FORCES MAP GREATER CITY AREA The immediate forces that act upon our site and Cermak axis such as points of interest, districts and vacant land are shown highlighted.
UIC
Pilsen Industrial Corridor
Com
Union Stock Yards
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Millennium Park
Soldier Field
Northerly Island
McCormick Place
IIT
miskey Park
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STREET WALL FORCES MAP / ICKES HOME SITE
HILLARD HOMES
23RD ST.
The buildings that surround our site are composed by abandoned, or deteriorated buildings. This has a direct negative impact on the way people interact, move and behave around Ickes Home Site. The National Teachers Academy is the only existing building on site.
FEDERAL ST. GATE WAY
TRAIN INFRASTRUCTURE.
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24TH ST.
MOBILITY - BICYCLE ROUTES AND EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE
STREET WALL FORCES MAP / ICKES HOME SITE
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H RC
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ASHLAND AVE.
DAMEN AVE.
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MARTIN LUTHER KING DR.
MICHIGAN AVE.
STATE ST.
DAN RYAN EXPY.
18TH ST.
CERMAK RD.
STEVENSON EXPY.
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COMMERCIAL
DOWNTOWN SERVICE
ZONING MANUFACTURING RESIDENTIAL BUSINESS BUSINESS BUSINESS PLANNED DEVELOPMENT
PLANNED PLANNEDMANUFACTURING PLANNED MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING
COMMERCIAL COMMERCIAL COMMERCIAL
DOWNTOWN SERVICE DOWNTOWN DOWNTOWN SERVICESERVICE
MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING
DOWNTOWN MIXED USE MIXED DOWNTOWN DOWNTOWN MIXED
RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL
DOWNTOWN RESIDENTIAL DOWNTOWN DOWNTOWN RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL
DEVELOPMENT PLANNEDPLANNED PLANNED DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT
PARKS OPEN SPACE PARKSAND &PARKS OPEN SPACE & OPEN SPACE
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DOWNTOWN MIXED DOWNTOWN RESIDENTIAL PARKS & OPEN SPACE
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WALKING DISTANCE - LAND USE
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BUSINESS / COMMERCIAL
EDUCATION
GROCERY
PARKS
RELIGIOUS
COMMUNITY CENTER
MUSEUMS SERVICE / MEDICAL
GYMS / RECREATION
5 min 10 min 15 min 20 min
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UNDERUTILIZED AREAS
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CONCEPT PROJECT TITLE: GENERATIVE CONSTRUCTS - URBAN ECOSYSTEM INTERWOVEN CONNECTIONS
BUILDING CONCEPT: A network of connections created by interweaving spatial conditions to cultivate a new society through the manipulation of individual and collective space.
ABSTRACT: Mid 17th century: from medieval Latin culivat colere
cultivare,from cultiva
Icke Home Site is surrounded by a vast network of transportations systems that contribute to the implementation of timber harvesting, manufacturing and production. Vacant plots of land along the river can be revitalized and transformed into a timber produccion forrest corridor. The existing infrastructure facilitates the transportation, import and export of materials. In the past 20 years, high density housing projects in this area have been demolished and not replaced, causing a need for new buildings. Typical construction of mid and high rise structures relies on materials such as concrete and steel. The production of these materials has a high carbon footprint, so we have turned our focus to timber. Timber is a good alternative because trees have carbon embedded within them. With the advancement of technology, innovative methods of timber construction allow structures to reach new heights. Embracing the potential of this new technology, we propose creating a development on the prior Ickes Homes site that acts as an economic and social engine for jobs, education, and community. Using local sites as locations for trade schools specializing in carpentry and new timber technologies, we hope to engage the community in developing their own of growth allows us to take advantage of existing infrastructure connections. By educating residents about these technologies, we are able to give them the skills to develop and build their own community. This process gives owners a vested interest in their built community, and encourages a sense of ownership. On an individual level, the residential modules are designed to be manipulated on the
mass-produced and replicable module. The mid-rise building serves as a prototype to demonstrate the result of a vertical urban ecosystem. The void space interweaves throughout the building and cultivates the interaction within the building. The exterior space blends in with the interiors and serves as green open spaces with the potential of becoming vertical gardens.
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PROPOSAL
CERMAK AND HICKIES HOME SITE
TIMBER PRODUCTION ALONG THE RIVER
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INFILL OPPORTUNITIES
Site: A vacant plot of land with an existing Academic Facility located on the north western corner. Cermak Ave: an important street that connects and links different neighborhoods together. Pilsen: A Mexican Neighborhood with high criminality rate and hermetic in accepting other cultures. China Town: A vibrant, diverse and vast touristic center of Chicago with 90% Asian population. McCormick Place: The biggest convention center in the United States.
Manufacturing Proposal: Timber Production and manufacturing along the river and our site. The underutilized and vacant plots of land located on the industrial corridor can help strengthen the connectivity between the neighborhoods and activate the industrial manufacturing in the area; as it used to be. The existing infrastructures such as the river and railroads will be used as transportation routes. This idea will have a direct effect on the local economy, as it will create more job opportunities.
Reweaving the site with the city: Our site is a physical gap that needs to be reincorporated to the existing neighborhoods in a social, economic, cultural and sustainable way. We are proposing to implement timber production in the vacant plots of land to revitalize and reforest the surrounding areas.
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RECREATING A LOST COMMUNITY
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SITE PLAN - HARVESTING / MANUFACTURING AREAS E MB LU
R
ST
RE
ET
H
O
F
CH
IC A
GO
R IV
ER
CERMAK ROAD
SO
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UT
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BR
AN
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C H IC A G O T R A N S IT A
TIMBER PRODUCTION
The participation of the locals is engouraged to take place in the harvesting, planting and production of timber. The idea is to mantain the community involved in this process and allow them to gain a sense of ownership as well as to inject life to the local economy. The local academic facility will be transformed into a trainning environment where people will be educated about timber produccion and construction. Reweaving the site into the sorrounding community in a social, economic, cultural and in a sustainable manner. Timber harvesting is planned to happen across the entire site and in the sorrounding vacant plots of land for future creation of forrests and vertical urban ecosystems.
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TIMBER PRODUCTION
1. Creation of Jobs 2. Revitalization of the surrounding areas. 3. Gain cultural attraction across the city. 4. Creation and revitalization of the manufacturing areas. 5. Implement new sustainable building systems involved with timber production. 6. Reweaving and incorporation of vacant plots of land.
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TIMBER PRODUCTION The forest will remain there but in a different form. The trees will be used to create a vertical urban ecosystem where the building structure will be made out of timber.
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TIMBER PRODUCTION - GENERATIVE PROCESS ALONG SITE
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PROGRAM
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MODULE AGGREGATION
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Type C
Type B
Type A
MODULES AND OPEN SPACES 500 sq. ft 750 sq. ft
PRECEDENTS.
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1000 sq. ft
750 sq. ft
1000 sq. ft
Type C
Type B
Type A
MODULE VARIATIONS 500 sq. ft
MODULE TYPE A - Expandible Furniture Options
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
TOP FLOOR PLAN
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MODULE TYPE A 450 sq. ft. - SECTION A
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MODULE TYPE A 450 sq. ft. - SECTION B
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INTERIOR VIEW RENDER
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NON PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED OPEN SPACES
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TIMBER CONSTRUCTION PRECEDENTS
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PRECEDENT (mgb ARCHITECTURE + DESIGN)
REACTIVATION OF CERMAK CORRIDOR
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TIMBER TOWER - HIGHRISE SECTION
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TIMBER TOWER - MIDRISE SECTION
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SITE PLAN
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TECHNICAL DRAWINGS LAMINATED TIMBER COLUMN
METAL BRACKET
RIGID INSULATION
CONCRETE TOPPING CONCRETE RING BEAM
CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER PANEL
TYPICAL COLUMN A 1/2” = 1’
TYPICAL COLUMN B 1/2” = 1’
LAMINATED TIMBER COLUMN
GYPSUM METAL STUD w/BATT INSULATION
METAL PIN BRACKET
WOOD TRIM GRAVEL FILL POWDER-ACTUATED FASTENER
EXTERIOR COLUMN DETAIL 1/2” = 1’
TYPICAL PARTITION A 1/2” = 1’
WOOD PANEL
WOOD SHEATHING
RIGID INSULATION
TYPICAL PARTITION B 1/2” = 1’
TYPICAL EXTERIOR WALL 1/2” = 1’
WOOD HANDRAIL INSULATED GLAZING UNIT COPPER SCREEN ALUMINUM MULLION METAL CLIP
STEEL WIDE FLANGE WOOD SHEATHING COPPER SHEATHING WOOD PANEL
TYPICAL EXTERIOR GLAZING 1/2” = 1’
TYPICAL RAILING DETAIL 1/2” = 1’
WOOD HANDRAIL
WOOD DECKING
COPPER SHEATHING
METAL GRATE
STEEL WIDE FLANGE
DRAINAGE SUBLAYER
METAL CLIP SOIL GRAVEL FILL RIGID INSULATION
COPPER SHEATHING
TYPICAL BALCONY DETAIL 1/2” = 1’
TYPICAL PARAPET DETAIL 1/2” = 1’
WEATHERPROOFING
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INTERNSHIP SOM. This aspect of CHICAGO STUDIO is intended for students to gain professional skills, practice profesteam or project it is reliability ,effor, enthusiasm, dedication, passion and hard work that are most important.
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Week Thirteen.
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Week Fourteen.
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JAHN ARCHITECTS - PIN UP
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JAHN ARCHITECTS “CUPULA” - FINAL PRESENTATION
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SOM - FLOOR PLAN - TYPICAL DAY ROUTINE -
Library
Coat Closet
Printing Room
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Conference Room
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Andrew Balster Randy Guilliot Tim Cannon Phil Enquist
Drew Ranieri Brian Lee
Carl D Silva Luis Monterrubio Casey Renner
TIMELINE Reviews Lectures Pro Practice 114
08 WEEK
07 WEEK
06 WEEK
05 WEEK
04 WEEK
03 WEEK
02 WEEK
01 WEEK
CHICAGO STUDIO
Laura Fisher
Sang Lee
Don Copper
John Syverstein
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15 WEEK
14 WEEK
13 WEEK
12 WEEK
11 WEEK
10 WEEK
09 WEEK
PROPRACTICE.
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LECTURES
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“Attitude is the most valuable attribute within a person, so mantian yourself positive
- Randy Guilliot. 118
RANDY GUILLIOT
SEVEN ASPECTS TO CONSIDER AFTER FINISHING GRAD SCHOOL
Randy Guilliot a Cannon Design partner gave a very powerful
to it. 5. Your Client is your design partner: give them a good impression, they will recommend you to 6. Listen:
1. Build Meaningful relationships through hard work. the most valuable people at Cannon design are innovative, very powerful, and will help you a lot to guide your future. Chicago Studio is a perfect opportunity to meet new people,
a team. 7. Don’t expect the outcome, set yourself up for discovery: Did you experience any type of crisis and how did you deal
2. Communication is everything: Trying to convince your
with a linear progression/model while mentioning the culture of innovation. 8. Promote your strengths: Value proposition. You have to be the greatest cheerleader! This does not mean selling yourself because this has an un fashionable negative connotation; someone might buy it but someone might not and this relates to manipulation. The idea of cheerleading and promotion the user does not manipulate anyone. Technical, design, sustainability and many other topics can be taught but attitude is something your born with. Attitude is the most valuable attribute within a person,
types of people that will inspire you to become a better per son, or whom you can learn from. Being enthusiast, positive
9. Be generous and be courageous: It’s all about generosity. These are qualities that you’re going
ues a lot.
10. There is always more than one right answer: Multiple right answers.
sponge, every little thing heard or learned helps in contribut ing to your character build. In regards to his experience, the
Mentors
it. 4. Surrender to your time management demon: Be a balance between architecture school and your social life, people who will help you get better balance of leadership and 119
social media portrays an essential role in the way architects communicate and connect with
- Randy Guilliot. 120
RANDY GUILLIOT ARCHITECTURE - RELATED TO MONEY
role in the way architects communicate and connect to their tion and people relay on those types of media to decide on which architect should they choose. This is why maintaining a good reputation is critical. A good contract should explain each of the roles and responsibilities regarding to every per ect, there’s an owner, an architect and a contractor and they
probably going to choose the architect that gives them more situation for both architects and employees.
chitects should establish a schedule having in mind and opt. for decisions. “Draw as few as possible, the more you draw, the more liability.
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“ Find an accepted parties. You are in it to gether, once you sign a contract you can’t go You need to pay a lot of
- Drew Ranieri. 122
DREW RANIERI
Partner at Solomon Cordwell Buenz
CONTRACTS standards and performance and Expectations. In regards to the program, people, vision, schedule and the site. Mainly each stage. A good contract explains each role and respon sibility.
TED Talk: Joshua Prince Ramus
This is the scheme that contracts work by: diagrams lead towards design; analysis practically dictates 4. Product true to its process. Diagramming is analyzing and visualizing product. The heart of the program is the driver of it’s form. It is really about purity, once you have the program you can recalibrate it and study what does it means spatially. The essence of a diagram is how they communicate their ideas
per stage. Stages of Project Design: 1/3 1/3 1/3
as architects are here for decorative purposes only, we are start with an issue then a position, which leads to creating a strategy and then the execution. These four stages will result
United States. This is a very low percentage. 4. Execution media and YELP are important means of communication and products. Every move has to have a reason behind it this is ative they should be true to concept.
times. People want more for their money. There is a standard inch that varies all the time from the mind. 123
have aquired during time
you are and drives you to
- Brian Lee. 124
BRIAN LEE CITY ARCHITECTURE drives you to succeed ideas and spit it out as a compelling
having a high performance design, this has been generations ing urban buildings that interact with the city with articulated
humanize experience and communicate a purpose. Brian Lee important to personify qualities and focus on human scale light into areas, tactile materials, views, relationship towards a building should be a beacon of human characteristics that and landscape area should be equal and the spaces in be tween should be considered as possible connectivity paths. ideas. For an example, The Zendai Building Financial Cen consisted in recasting elements that are quite normal and factor, they created an exterior brace for facade shading. The whole concept provided a farming sustainable screen for the building. The interesting aspect of architecture is being able to convey your ideas; rather than selling them and always focus on creating experiences for users. of all, he mentioned how fortunate we were for being able to receive a solid education. The education that we’ve all received has made us become strong capable students. In regards to Chicago Studio, he recommended not being afraid
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“ Explore the invisible, rather than the obvious and reframiming it. People are a great source of in formation and sometimes architects forget about them; Living the site
- Natasha Krol . 126
NATASHA KROL
Engagement Manager at McKinsey
EXPLORING A BLOCK / TESTIMONY
is all about having a capability to build solutions, it about form, function) but sounds (transportation, footsteps) , smells (pollution, laundry, perfume) and people (how many, attitudes,
called her clients phenomenal and daily opportunities to solve for the obvious and reframing it. It was impressive how no She made an emphasis on how people are a great source of information and sometimes architects forget about them.
fascinated by serendipity. It is somehow weird that she ended up in a consulting group surrounded by engineers but she explained how she relates design to problem solving. She uses design methods and applies them to problem solving.
4. Listen and adapt. Approach the world with your eyes wide open.
about the audience, then focus on the problem, and then
4. Synthesize multiple perspectives
8. Design Solutions
127
an architect is being able to understand and con It’s the ability to to adapt to certain situations that
- Iker Gil. 128
IKER GIL
Founder of Mass Studio
CONVERSATION - LIFE
This is why he decided to photograph and document the
Bilbao was an industrial city, which evolved rapidly in the last
the economic, social, environmental and physical transforma tions through photography, essays, maps, diagrams and a
Architect, urban designer and founder of MAS Studio from
his documentation by the active participation of people o f This question is something that he always reminds himself that he decided to move into Marina City. understand them and adapt towards them.
urban planner, architect, interior designer, graphic designer, writer. It’s the ability to adapt to certain situations that will
dlls. budget, he had to come up with a system of materials
changing pavilion made out of translucent acrylic panels that colors. Again, he references the importance to understand the community and public scale, how are people going to
City have a sense of pride towards the building. 129
“Try to get underwa through you into these circumstances; either you Constantly, hard and col
- Geof Walters. 130
GEOF WALTERS
Designer at Cannon Deisgn
SUSTAINABILITY 1. Process:
more collaborative the process is the better the results are.
together; if you have the opportunity to go to a construction site; do it!
foundation issues.
4. Documentation:
2. Performance
building into a smarter way of gathering and creating docu
issue we are dealing with in the present day). The Architec
5. Delivery:
Resilience corresponds to how the climate is moving and how the buildings adapt towards it. Developing a high performance building has a profound impact on what we do massing, transparency etc. It is not only about aesthetics it’s more about building performance. Yoi can consider this thing process. Sustainability is not an add on. If you understand the issues deeply, this creates easy conversation with clients. needs to publicly announce their energy use; and if they are the design process is made intelligently then good decisions will follow. 3. Details (envelope)
thermal factors, insulation, weather and paper barriers. More 131
was because someone gave my name to some one; it is not only about
- Laura Fisher. 132
LAURA FISHER
Managing Director at IPM Consulting
THE BROADER PICTURE - PRO PRACTICE natives careers and the broader picture about professional AIA membership, an Interior, Architecture and Real Estate Li year as an architecture student she realized that there was learn new vocabulary, but mainly opened her eyes to realize
of America because they gave her the opportunity to pay for her tuition.
sets that we have but it is our responsibility to become aware and grasp the opportunities that await us in the professional maintain professional behavior. This means, being prepared, no texting, be ready and be the type of person who can be
Fisher mentioned to tell a good story about ourselves when
events, conferences, recognitions anything that might be renders.
133
“ In order to be an archi tect we must remember
in todays word, we are
Frank Weiner. 134
FRANK WEINER
Architecture Professor at VT.
BARROQUE ARCHITECTURE The lecture began with a Bach Quartet introduction. In order of understanding Baroque Architecture we need to be able to understand baroque music. He then talked about pearls and creating a relationship with its irregularity and formation to baroque architecture. The Baroque is: a proliferative, lithic, muddy, bizarre, outlandish, extravagant, rocky. This type of architecture has a formal declination of spaces; many buildings belonging to this era are gems with convex and concave shapes. During that time architects were driven by strong passions and gestures, architecture was merely sublime. “In order to be architect we must remember to stop looking down or at and start looking up”. In todays world, we are daily manipulated and we look at and down at people. When entering a church in Rome, he stumbled upon a mirror; it was almost narcissist how humans are too lazy to look up. “We have to be ed”. Remember “Natura Morte” meaning, still life; buildings have to relate with nature. och that taught us that architecture is not what you know about, it’s about what you believe. In the present, people believe that belief is too subjective and lack belief. “Is it possible to not be symbolic”? The world is eliminating the symbolic form of architecture. “I believe that sense in addition to form and symbol is architecture. “Not all people are equally talented” Borromini was more talented than Bernini but Bernini knew how to sell himself and had social skills. Wiener, began talking about St. Evo - Borromini, a Roman church that caught his attention when he was only 19 years old and has been visiting the church ever since. When you are inside a baroque church, you are standing between two foundations: “You are looking up a fundament
guide us. It is a mistake to over think in architecture. “Process kills senses ”- A whitehead. Now a day, we are deeply submerged and manipulated in technology, for example renderings. “If we make drawings that have no wind, sun, rain or snow present, the drawing lacks spirit”. Winer told us to be careful not to miss the dialect between technology and tradition. “An architect gets paid for drawing, the rendering is just the effect of it”. Draw used to work. Moreover, if we understand that life is synchronized, we’ll become better architects - “Life is weird”. “Why are we afraid of what we don’t understand”? We are living our lives by modernity and taught to avoid ornament in our projects but then criticized for having no soul. There is some type of redundancy in the best pieces of architecture; this can become our ornaments in our projects. Extraction is the abstraction of the essence of something. When we have knowledge of something we are able to understand its purpose for existence. Architecture and knowledge are related. Function overrides form. “Architect’s breakfast, lunch and dinner is: traveling, reading and sketching”. Have a delight in study rather than just study.
and is a deformation of the star in David, more over the
We have to engage fully our senses to be able to create architecture. “You can only sense what you love” and you need to be as subjective as possible in order to get tenor. There are many forces out there, more than we can acknowledge and sometimes we just need to let the forces 135
“ Nature is the city’s new infrastructure. Imagine if and turned it into to cre ate urban sponges and then weave the city to gether by a green infra structure. ”
Peter Ellis. 136
PETER ELLIS CITY DESIGN the cities we design. Analyzing the destruction of the Ameri
PARK DESIGN Sometimes water is retained and form urban pools. The idea
going to better these cities without tearing them down and to commercial corridors. slate. But how do we apply those urban solutions to our
degrees Fahrenheit during six months of the year; with
LESSONS FOR INDIA TO AMERICA decades ago with the purpose of distribution of goods. Rivers were seen as drainage ditchers, and we have a vast and massive tunnel system that goes underneath our ground level that stores the storm water and costs billions of dol has stopped building tunnels and started created a greener strategy that collects storm water and applies it to their city landscape.
ideals and determination. Mr. Gaur bought a big peace of land in India and decided to create a real estate business. This is were Cannon Design
sponges and then weave the city together by a green infra nature is the new city’s infrastructure.
monsoons’ rain water distributes it and creates a sustain able city. This open space ties all the pieces of land together. act as an urban sponge and by this, I mean that they actually absorbs and captures the rain and becomes the sustain for portation of every neighborhood. In comparison to the cities streets or vehicles.
eration and acted as the second city structure. It is better to have more narrow roads than large and sepa
137
“ There are many roles available for architects but you are never told about them, everyone has the preconcieved idea that ar chitecture is only about chitects are embraced by other industries because
�
- Adam Whipple. 138
ADAM WHIPPLE
New Castle Architects
A DISCUSSION OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT & THE BROADENED FIELD OF ARCHITECTURE
-
If I were to hire an architect I would look for:
-
Broader Field of Architecture -
Skills Architects should have:
Project Management -
Interview Suggestions -
-
-
139
“ A smart building is about getting all of the systems to interact with each other, the build watch were every system operates automatically by itself. �
- David Wilts. 140
DAVID WILTS
ARUP Smart Building
SMART BUILDINGS
-
Interview Suggestions: 5 goals: Case Study:
-
Project Deliverables?
How do you pay for it?
141
“ It was impressive to see how could something so mundane could reveal something so magical; I wire the same way. �
- John Syversten. 142
JOHN SYVERSTEN -
CHICAGO STUDIO
Social Impact
Jimmy Jackson and Chicago Studio
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-
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143
PROPRACTICE.
144
INTERVIEWS. TOM HUSSEY
CASEY RENNER
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TOM HUSSEY SENIOR ARCHITECT AT SOM WHY DID YOU BECOME AN ARCHITECT?
DESCRIBE YOUR DAY TO DAY TASKS:
and always in appreciation for buildings. I considered alterna tives, but when the time came to apply into college schools I
WHATS YOUR ARCHITECTURE CAREER? I did my undergrad at USC.
WHAT ARE YOUR ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES AT SOM?
involved with the management of the studio overall in terms to meet the current needs a little bit involved with business development in terms of putting together proposals for new studio.
HOW DOES PROJECTS INVOLVED WITH OTHER OFFICES WORK? how they sit within a city, relation to the city, site plan issues, access issues. Ranging in scale that up towards art scale more about site analysis and initial conceptual design with a number of alternatives, then it goes to the next phase which
WHO EVALUATES YOUR PERFORMANCE?
Urban planning. It became an interest of mine by the end
it thoroughly and the last stage might be about developing
had more interest and appreciation in larger scale, I actually fourth. interest.
WHO EVALUATES YOUR PERFORMANCE?
WHAT DO YOU LIKE THE MOST ABOUT YOUR JOB?
structured is that there are . There are three partners, divides
something new can come on your way. All of a sudden trying
ment. As soon as you are past entree level into mid level you and climb the ladder in any of these arms and at the top you then have the design partners and managing partners. The design partners above else are in charge of and responsible design quality and the managing partners are in responsible
am answer mostly to design partners, Phil Enquist that is in charge of planning studio.
HOW DO YOU DECIDE WHICH ARM TO SPECIALIZE ON AT SOM?
Generally if you are hired at entree level, you are not assigned you are brought in as a generalist. They want to see what as a mid level, having a license in urban planning.
ture, client interaction, consultants, business, following where is going to evolve rapidly in our life times; there’s going to be a lot of technology involved and a lot of technical advances. computers, but there’s going to be many other tools that will help us more intelligently design cities.
WHAT WOULD YOU CHANGE ABOUT YOUR JOB? things are so chaotic, it’s hard to sometimes manage the demands can pop up and there’s expectations to deliver that are beyond your personal abilities to control times. For an certain city and have to follow their schedule; it’s not about
146
your schedule. If I could really dictate my schedule regarding my priorities.
WHAT GIVES YOUR JOB SATISFACTION? world.
HAVE YOU SEEN THE CHANGE AFTER FINISHING A PROJECT?
for mapping the future mobility.
WHAT SHIFTS DO YOU SEE HAPPENING IN PARCTICE IN THE FUTURE? operation of buildings and cities but also in the design tools
design, construction documents, etc. You already see things
My career has been relatively short, so in the nature of our plans is very long term but I’ve seen some of them built out
design side, nothing that we’ve created has been complete ly built. But some of them have been started to get built, fashion and the other half are not implemented for a variety of
WHAT ROLE DOES TECHNOLOGY PLAY IN YOUR POSITION? in terms of design tools, we are trying to team up with people that are developing those design tools; and some other com panies that are investing on these too.
URBAN MOBILITY: how transportation may evolve to reshape our cities. Its
WHERE DO YOU SEE THE PROFFESSION IN THE NEXT TEN YEARS?
I see it similar to this but more evolved in terms of technology it hasn’t change that much. The only changes I’ve seen is a developing. More stringent building requirements for cities and smarter ways for even achieve those.
WHAT ADVICE DO YOU HAVE FOR MY GENERATION OF ARCHITECTURE STUDENTS?
I would say, get exposed to all aspects of the profession and even to the related disciplines to understand what’s out there and what interests you. Because there are many directions to traditional architectural path; and theres evidence supporting that. More graduate architecture students are choosing other
substantially and our profession needs to stay one step ahead of that curve.
WHAT WOULD YOU IMPROVE IN ARCHITECTURE TRAINING AND EDUCATION?
I would integrate more of a curriculum of urban design in ar split from the urban planning school, and there’s hardly any interaction within the two. Urban Planning was more associ should be more interdisciplanary.
WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IN THE FUTURE WITH THE IDEA OF REDUCING THE AMOUNT OF CARS? lished urban patterns are going to change. I believe it’s more
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CASEY RENNER SENIOR ARCHITECT AT SOM WHY DID YOU BECOME AN ARCHITECT? since he had the idea that he would build his house one day; gram, circulation and walls. It was a sophisticated puzzle.
WHATS YOUR ARCHITECTURE CAREER?
I did my undergrad at Minnasota and my grad school at MIT.
HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN WORKING IN SOM AND HAVE YOU WORKED IN OTHER FIRMS?
WHAT DO YOU LIKE THE LEAST ABOUT YOUR JOB? and it’s being built right now. Partly it’s due to the economy, to do with competitions, proposals that didn’t went forward, ipes or dishes but you aren’t actually trying them; it can get frustrating.
HOW MANY PROJECTS DOES SOM CHICAGO BUILD PER YEAR?
there’s associate directors and then there’s associates. Then
WHAT GIVES YOUR JOB SATISFACTION? WHAT ARE YOUR ROLES AND RESPONSABILITIES AT SOM? Each studio has a design head and a technical head, so at any given time you are having to answer both technical
have to respond to exit stairs, elevator shaft sizes. So there’s
WHAT WOULD YOU LIKE TO CHANGE ABOUT YOUR JOB? It would be nice to have a little bit of more direct client con tact, weather that’s with the people themselves or with the
got to go there a few times but I still don’t feel connected. It the best educated guess.
together all the way from the beginning. I have a studio head,
WHAT IS PARTICULARILY REWARDING ABOUT YOUR PROFESSION? DESCRIBE YOUR DAY TO DAY TASKS:
This is complicated but I’ll give you an example of what I’m of dollars etc. You are changing an entire area of a city. There
HOW DOES THE CLIENT-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP WORK? a relationship with the client, but through their employees. don’t do a lot of videoconferences.
148
WHAT DOES TECHNOLOGY PLAY IN YOUR POSITION?
WHAT DOES TECHNOLOGY PLAY IN YOUR POSITION? Everything I do have to do involves the computer; when I came to do my masters degree I had to learn by myself
er to test. Sometimes I start with a basic rhino model since of this program is that it allows having complex geometric
DID YOU KNOW SOMETHING ABOUT PARAMETRIC DESIGN BEFOR GOING TO GRAD SCHOOL?
WHAT WOULD YOU IMPROVE IN ARCHITECTURE TRAINING AND EDUCATION? tice and education. If you have no professional training before
No not at all. MIT taught me everything.
WHAT COULD BE IMPROVED IN ARCHITECTURE TRAINING? a certain set of instructions. It was about understanding of the overall parameters you are dealing with. I’m more about
It is very important for the students to be aware about what’s happening outside the academic walls.
WHAT SHIFTS DO YOU SEE HAPPENING IN PARCTICE IN THE FUTURE?
In general architectural practice is growing interest in sustain will be developed to help create this solutions.
al.
WHAT SHIFTS DO YOU SEE HAPPENING IN THE FUTURE REGARDING TO ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE? ting people realize. It would be nice to sit with the client with the computer model and based on all the parameters given ing architecture into a more interactive process; where clients can be part of the design process immediately.
WHERE DO YOU SEE THE PROFFESSION IN THE NEXT TEN YEARS?
There will be an increase on design complexity within the buildings since there are going to be more tools available to do so. Everything could become scripted and therefore have better design coordination and perfection.
WHAT ADVICE DO YOU HAVE FOR MY GENERATION OF ARCHITECTURE STUDENTS? I would recommend to begin studying parametric tools and become aware of them.
deliverables. This is easy for a contractor to read, it’s also product design it’s more about the incorporation of the pro cess.
WHAT HAVE YOU FOUND CHALLENGING IN THIS PROFESSION? dination between clients, engineers, architects etc. becomes very important.
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ADAM WHIPPLE PROJECT MANAGER AT NEW CASTLE WHY DID YOU BECOME AN ARCHITECT ?
WHAT DO YOU FIND PARTICULARILY REWARDING ABOUT YOUR JOB?
act upon them.
groups of people that are also interested solve problems and
WHEN DID YOU DECIDE THAT YOU WANTED TO BECOME A PROJECT MANAGER?
design, economics, construction, management or anything.
that I wouldn’t have normally because I was in the military I was able to run teams, design things, contract them, see how the construction went; I was involved with the whole
WHEN DID YOU DECIDE THAT YOU WANTED TO BECOME A PROJECT MANAGER? that I wouldn’t have normally because I was in the military I was able to run teams, design things, contract them, see how the construction went; I was involved with the whole
urban design. That’s where you get the origin on how on urban scale things are planned, how economic forces shape the city, etc.
HOW DID YOU BEGIN YOUR FIRM?
problem solving it’s horrible because you can’t solve prob lems by your own.
WHAT HAS BEEN YOUR GREATEST CHALLENGE FROM STARTING YOUR OWN COMPANY?
we are not doing things that are not allowed. Debt has been a huge challenge.
DID YOU DO AN MBA OR SOMETHING RELATED TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT? That’s the thing, I don’t believe in MBA’s. If you already have
writing out a business plan. The problem in business ad that’s not.
WHAT WOULD YOU IMPROVE IN ARCHITECTURE EDUCATION? It needs to be a little bit more fostering of people that are
years ago the price of housing dropped dramatically. Chi
apply it into other places. Architecture schools should teach the students to apply their learning’s into the broader picture. bers of the team do and how to lead them. They don’t under stand the broader picture.
and now we only receive cash every month. The idea is to
WHAT WOULD YOU RECOMMEND? get the broader picture and then choose what you want to
HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO RETURN YOUR FIRST INVESTEMENT? time to close. But in about 8 months we were out of our
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SANG LEE INTERMIDIATE ARCHITECT AT SOM WHY DID YOU BECOME AN ARCHITECT ?
I was very interested in interior design and anything arts related and I chose architecture because it engages many aspects of design.
WHAT HAS BEEN YOUR CAREER TRAJECTORY?
I did my undergraduate school in South Korea and my masters in architecture in the University of Michigan. I came here to the United States because I wanted something more global and to be within an international environment. Simply because there are more opportunities here.
HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN IN SOM AND WHAT ARE YOUR ROLES AND RESPONSABILITIES? ing design material, design documents, renders and details. I propose new design option to the head studio; twenty people mainly compose studios, and the studio head is the director that then shows the design option to the partners.
WHAT'S THE HIERARCHY AT SOM?
WHAT WOULD YOU CHANGE ABOUT YOUR JOB? load.
WHAT HAVE YOU FOUND CHALLENGING IN THIS PROFESSION? dination between clients, engineers, architects etc. becomes very important.
WHAT DOES TECHNOLOGY PLAY IN YOUR POSITION?
Everything I do involves the computer; when I came to do my masters degree I had to learn by myself everything about
solve complex problems.
WHAT WOULD YOU IMPROVE IN ARCHITECTURE TRAINING AND EDUCATION?
Assistant, Intermidiate, Senior Associate, Associate Director, Director and Partner.
tice and education. If you have no professional training before
WHO REVISES YOUR WORK?
It is very important for the students to be aware about what’s happening outside the academic walls.
Directors evaluate the people within their studio based on
WHAT SHIFTS DO YOU SEE HAPPENING IN PARCTICE IN THE FUTURE?
In general architectural practice is growing interest in sustain
als.
WHO REVISES YOUR WORK?
DESCRIBE YOUR DAY TO DAY TASKS?
will be developed to help create this solutions.
WHERE DO YOU SEE THE PROFFESSION IN THE NEXT TEN YEARS?
There will be an increase on design complexity within the buildings since there are going to be more tools available to do so. Everything could become scripted and therefore have better design coordination and perfection.
WHAT ADVICE DO YOU HAVE FOR MY GENERATION OF ARCHITECTURE STUDENTS? WHAT DO YOU LIKE THE MOST ABOUT YOUR JOB?
I would recommend begin studying parametric tools; it might
see the buildings being constructed and see your design 151
LUIS MONTERRUBIO PARTNER AT SOM WHY DID YOU BECOME AN ARCHITECT ?
DESCRIBE YOUR DAY TO DAY SCHEDULE?
Normally, I start my day with meetings analyzing the city’s
a diagnostic test and my results were more inclined towards
problems. It’s a discipline that covers many aspects and develops in a physical environment.
WHAT DO YOU PERCIEVE BY ARCHITECTURE? As architects we depend in other people, we need to solve
WHAT DO YOU LIKE THE MOST ABOUT YOUR JOB? tangible profession, which involves people, streets, and professional architect or a designer but I also become a his
WHAT WOULD YOU CHANGE ABOUT YOUR JOB? directly up to you.
WHAT ROLE DOES TECHNOLOGY PLAY IN YOUR POSITION?
manner.
WHAT WOULD YOU CHANGE IN ARCHITECTURE EDUCATION AND TRAINNING?
Architecture training and education should be more interdisci management, business or other aspects that are very useful er with people from other professions; because in the future
WHAT ARE YOUR ROLES AND RESPONSABILITIES AS AN URBAN PLANNER? I am in charge of the northeastern quadrant of Chicago. I’m ments, crime, transportation systems; evaluating strengths Chicago.
WHO EVALUATES YOUR PERFORMANCE?
There’s a director above me that is the head of Urban Plan ning Chicago, a systematic evaluation is implemented once communication, and performance.
HOW IS THE OFFICE ORGANIZED?
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sions. Furthermore, the architect will never survive by itself.
WHAT SHIFTS DO YOU SEE HAPPENING IN YOUR PROFESSION RELATED TO TECHNOLOGY? obtain data easily rather than how they currently manage to fast, this is why I perceive this change to happen. I also see the urban planner becoming a data administrator; after all this
WHAT SHIFTS DO YOU SEE HAPPENING IN TEN YEARS RELATED TO ARCHITECTURE? global and sustainable way. There are many areas of the world with limited access in regards to design for an ex
and materials are being shipped from Italy because they are aware of that before it’s too late.
WHAT ADVICE visiting museums and stores but really live it as a Chicagoan. Value how things are made, value the human being behind the architectural development. Architecture should be valued not only by its physical representation but the story and the man behind it, where the ideas where originated. I’m also go
not helping you build a better architect / person, something is wrong.
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PAOLA AGUIRRE PARTNER AT SOM WHY DID YOU BECOME AN ARCHITECT ?
WHAT WOULD YOU IMPROVE IN ARCHITECTURE EDUCATION?
me and gave me a good recommendation letter that helped
learn more about technical and mathematical aspects than
dedication.
taught here, students are encouraged more in the creativity
WHAT HAS BEEN YOUR CAREER TRAJECTORY?
between the both ways of teaching. It’s good that you’ve learned this new way of teaching.
in the city planning area and then went to graduate school at
HOW DOES THE CLIENT-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP WORK?
I believe in Mexico. Everyone that has the right attitude and the willingness to succeed should have an opportunity. That’s
I made my undergraduate studies in Instituto Superior de
HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN IN SOM, ARE YOU PLANNING ON GOING BACK TO MEXICO? planning on returning to Mexico in the future. I have this strong feeling of love for our country and I strongly want to create a change in the place I lived in.
WHAT ARE SOME CHALLENGES YOU'VE FACED WHEN WORKING AT SOM? passionate and driven about architecture and the other one about architecture, they care more about completing their
told you about. I prefer quality vs. speed. There needs to be a balance between the two.
DESCRIBE YOUR DAY TO DAY TASKS? sometimes I’ll go home at 7pm. It depends if we are close to a due date or the time to complete a competition or a
WHAT WOULD YOU CHANGE ABOUT YOUR JOB? load.
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assumptions. It would be nice if we were to be sent to visit travel a few times, but it’s not very common and not many
WHAT ADVICE DO YOU HAVE FOR MY GENERATION OF ARCHITECTURE STUDENTS? within the professional environment.
BRIAN LEE PARTNER AT SOM - ETHICS WHAT ARE SOME ETHICAL CHALLENGES YOU'VE ENCOUNTERED RELATED TO ARCHITECTURE?
WOULD YOU WORK IN A PRISON (BRIAN TO ME)?
Architects, including me try to see the good in every situ ation it’s a trait that we typically share amongst ourselves.
HOW DO YOU DEAL WITH CLIENTS WITH DIFFERENT ETHICAL VALUES?
SOMS' VISION: Simplicity, Sustainable and Structural Clarity.
SOME ETHICAL ISSUES TO HAVE IN MIND: have sustainable measures in mind.
of certain policies and some of the requirements are simply inhumane.
manner.
WOULD YOU WORK FOR A DICTATOR THAT WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR 10,000 KILLINGS (BRIAN TO ME) ? It is important to believe in things of integrity and express it and translate it with your clients. It would be unethical to
WOULD YOU DO A 6,000 SQ. m HOUSE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE SLUMS IN MUMBAI?
rounded by extreme poverty it’s unethical. It is in those types others do it as a design challenge; there is no other reason I
WHAT ARE SOM COORPORATE VALUES?
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DELFT WORKSHOP.
CHICAGO RIVER: CHINATOWN AND PILSEN
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PARK
HISPANIC
INDUSTRIAL
CHINA TOWN
MC CORMICK VACANT PLOT
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
CREATIVE INDUSTRY 157
HOW CAN WE PHYSICALLY STRENGHTEN & ENFORCE THE COMMUNITY?
158
MEDIAN SALE PRICES IN PILSEN
cermak
$ $
$ disturbing community
$
[ [ keeping community intact
159
160
161
PERMEABLE INFRASTRUCTURE WALL 162
163
164
165
URBAN MAPPING.
166
167
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PRINCIPLE ONE: SUSTAINABILITY Maru Padilla
Nine Planning Principles for the 21st Century is sustainability. It is chosen to head the list because it is an overarching principle which impacts all the others. It is crucial for urban planners to consider the sustainability of a project throughout the entire design process. The principle of sustainability does not only refer to environmental factors, but includes social and economic issues. Sustainability is a holistic design approach. Sustainable urban planning can be broken down into two main efforts: conservation of the natural environment and smart city building. The natural environment needs to be carefully considered whenever designing a city. It is important to calculate the environmental carrying capacity of the land, manage the land use in an area, maintain clean air and water, conserve open natural space, and use local resources. The built environment must also be constructed in a smart way. Strategic plans include using energy -
developments allow for maximum conservation of natural landscape and results in more livable spaces. In order to realize this condition, there needs to be cooperation and collaboration between regional and local governments. These groups working together can implement zoning and land use policies, inter-city building code standards. Combining these elements will result in the planning of economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable cities.
building materials. Designing and building dense cities is a critical step towards achieving sustainability. Dense
ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENT
SOCIAL 168
PLANNED VS. UNPLANNED
DENSITY VS. SPRAWL
URBAN INFILL
GUIDING POPULATIONS
ENERGY EFFICIENT MATERIALS
INTERCITY TRANSIT 169
2
PRINCIPLE TWO: ACESSIBILITY Kelsey Dressing Andrew Economou
Accessibility is about facilitating ease of movement and maximizing circulation. In order to design a more accessible city, one of the most important aspects to consider is the concentration of discouraging automobile use and encouraging walkability. By connecting concentrated pedestrianfriendly destinations with mass transit systems, the use of cars is reduced. In order to better serve the pedestrian, breaking down large areas into small blocks and streets can provide safer and easier crossings, while also giving the road system redundancy. If a breakdown occurs, parallel routes can
Transportation, circulation and access corridors should be considered when designing a city. Setting aside areas as land reserves for future transportation use can prevent possible demolition of buildings. Transit corridors should be located at the boundaries of districts without blocking forced to slow down, which makes the area safer for pedestrians. Another way to increase pedestrian comfort is to consider the street types and design treatments. Wider sidewalks, designated mass transit, automobile, and bike lines, and landscape treatments can all work together to create a more pedestrian-friendly area. In conclusion, considering the needs of pedestrians and transit requirements in design can lead to a more accessible city.
MULTIPLE NODES OF TRANSPORTATION 170
SMALL BLOCKS & STREETS
SMALL BLOCKS AND STREETS
EASE OF MOVEMENT
CONCENTRATED DESTINATIONS
CONCENTRATED DESTINATIONS
EASE OF MOVEMENT
GEOMETRY & SCALE 171 GEOMETRY & SCALE
3
PRINCIPLE THREE: DENSITY Anna Knowles-Bagwell Aaron Williams
important because it helps to increase visual variety. This can be accomplished by breaking larger parcels of land into laws, which over time vary building stock, or by simply allowing multiple design languages to be implemented. These strategies combine to create an urban landscape which is visually dynamic and representative of the people who inhabit it. However, simply creating an interesting and diverse building stock is not enough to keep people living and thriving in an area. Mixed use can be used as the umbrella strategy for diversifying the cultural elements which draw people to a place, and program of a development. Instead, it incorporates a larger scale of thinking, including accessible transit and practical proximity between amenities. This concept of immediacy reduces the amount of sprawl, creating communities which are overall more viable for residents. It is also important to retain multiple levels of affordability within a mixed use brought together, in combination with other proven urban strategies, the result is a place which is rich in character as well as visual and intellectual interest.
MIXED USE TO REDUCE URBAN SPRAWL 172
CONSERVATION OF HISTORIC STRUCTURES
+
=
OPTIMIZING ADJACENCY BETWEEN USES
MULTIPLE VOICES WITHIN A DEVELOPMENT
173
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PRINCIPLE FOUR: OPEN SPACE
INDUSTRIAL
INFRASTRUCTURAL
INDUSTRIAL
Programmed open spaces for human activities versus open spaces that accomadate industrial and infrastructural needs.
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NEW YORK, NEW YORK
PHOENIX, ARIZONA
BOTTOM: Dense living conditions surround open space creating islands that isolate wildlife. 175
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PRINCIPLE FIVE: COMPATIBILITY Isaac Currey Lindsey Currey
al against current conditions, and looking at it as a part of the whole of the city. Designers should reference not only the future conditions, even postulate as to what changes their project might spark in the urban fabric. At the resolution of individual buildings, scale is a major factor in establishing compatibility. Parcel size, as well as height and setbacks can be regulated to form an urban consensus. However, allowances should be made for some variation, interest and relief. If desired, a height difference of up to two times can create a landmark building, but anything
Beyond scale, designers are confronted with the temporal matter of style. In many ways, the built environment is a visual timeline of history. Every architect or planner of a new project has to ask themselves how much they want to
decisions of material and detailing, color and historical preservation. Compatibility is about the broader sense of place; about both similarity and difference. Seeking to respect the existing character and qualities of a site, compatibility in design makes way for the values of today and the possibilities of the future.
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PRINCIPLE SIX: INCENTIVES Patrick McMinn John Sturniolo
Incentives for expanding or building a city generally focus on areas that have underused land, infrastructure or governmental or private organizations to facilitate further investment. The most common incentives are: tax reductions; subsidies for land costs; site assembly and preparation; new infrastructure for transportation and utilizes; health care, growing, livable city is an attraction for talented individuals who in turn will accelerate the success and expansion of infrastructure improvement. The master plan provides a strategic approach for attracting new investments, city growth and development, and value enhancement. Development Quality focuses on circulation, open spaces, and phases of building construction methods of attracting investments to a particular area. Value Enhancement consolidates existing land parcels and adds additional density to the plot which in turn adds further value to the property. The second direction for city development is through infrastructure improvements, which are done through access improvements and the creation of public facilities. By improving the infrastructure of a space to facilitate the ease of access into those areas, transit oriented development follows these constructs; malls, restaurants, hotels, and other like facilities being commonly found near a major access point such as a subway station. This can be accomplished through transit and street redesign, new bicycle paths, pedestrian walkways, parking, and other access improvements. The creation of public facilities such as airports, convention center, ballparks, museums, performance halls, cultural and educational facilities all create new jobs and draw in visitors and economic revenue. These facilities can also add value and revenue to one another, such as a new convention center attracting new hotels which attracts new restaurants and entertainment venues.
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PRINCIPLE SEVEN: ADAPTABILITY Rachel Montague Gregory Dalfonzo
ables designers to conserve resources and history as a city ages. Designers are expected to take into account the needs of a progressive urban landscape, while maintaining the vibrancy of the built environment. The main points of adaptability are centralized expansion, smaller modules, conservation of open space, and viability of communities. All of these topics overlap in their effects and intentions, developing a balance between adaptation and innovation. serves as an orientation device for visitors.
Parcels can be combined to create distinct programmatic groupings that can later be reallocated as uses change. A high degree of walkability, supported by maintaining accessible walkways through larger buildings, connects these disparate elements of the city and supports collaboration. Open space is a precious commodity in the city. For urban dwellers to receive a share of wind, sun, view, and green spac-
The economics of the city are such that the supporting elements of daily life must be integrated into every community. Shops, gyms, residences, and businesses can be developed in a mutually supportive way. The viability of communities also relies on simple spatial decisions. Engaging the street and pedestrians results in a more comprehensive use of buildings, which can support a change in program later in time. Most of the moves that support adaptability are common sense, but they are also often overlooked, as designers seek to develop their personal ideas. While the expression of concept is important in the success of a design, the awareness of and engagement with more general issues is just as crucial. Adaptability will make any design much more valuable, especially as cities become more crowded and adaptive reuse becomes mandatory.
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PRINCIPLE EIGHT: DENSITY Ethan Bingeman Alec Yuzhbabenko
while more developed countries have about 1,000 square feet for every 2 people. Another determinant of density is the terrain in the location of a place. Mountains, rivers, oceans and other natural boundaries impose limits and dictate the urban fabric. When dealing with city design, there are three elements to consider in an effort to achieve a livable city: transit and encourage walking. + A suggested density of 300 dwellings per acre to maximize views, sunlight, and adequate open space. + Establishing amenities (recreational, cultural, and supportive services) to activate the street at all times. Implementing these elements, higher density, mixed-use corridors connect areas by means of public transportation. Strengthening neighborhoods provide a base for the density to form. Protecting landmarks, parks, and Lastly, expanding open spaces begins to make the higher density more enjoyable for residents. Sprawling development destroys irreplaceable land, wastes energy and infrastructure, and causes millions of hours lost in commutes. Through transit oriented development, careful planning, and providing adequate amenities, these densities are sustainable, livable, and achievable.
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PRINCIPLE NINE: IDENTITY
Identity is creating and preserving a unique and memorable sense of place. The primary sources through which cities achieve identity are natural features, climate, culture, and design. Because each one of these elements can vary, it gives fast-growing, yet livable cities. Such fast development can hinder builders from recognizing and utilizing attributes of a
On the other hand, generic components of a city can stitch together the urban fabric in an otherwise dense area with too place.
among cities, such as environmental sameness, repetition of elements, places that are hard to comprehend, a sense of being lost, and a lack of natural features.
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Issues: environmental sameness, repetition of elements, places that are hard to comprehend /sense of being
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A RECORDINGS OF MY SEMESTER ABROAD. JAN - MAY 2014. COLLABORATION BETWEEN VIRGINIA TECH UNIVERSITY. ITESM. CHICAGO STUDIO. SOM