Intense City

INTENSE CITY Group 04

Location

Paul Ballanger Florian Betat Marija Katrīna Dambe Jill Saunders

Trondheim, Norway Franzefoss Lia Quarry

02 CLIMATE AND BUILT FORM / WS_2017

2

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The Franzefoss quarry at Tiller has been providing agregates for the area of Trondheim for the last four decades. Upon the closure of the quarry in the next years, the site will loose its industrial use, leaving a deep, shaded cut in the hills near Tiller.

The quarry can be seen as a wound in the landscape, having a lot of disadvantages such as lot of shade, no soil for growing plants, high cliffs and plateaus making it hard to develop the area. That’s why it was very important for us to develop a sustainable concept for the reuse of the quarry, taking in account the existing infrastructure and topography and turning the disadvantages of the site in strong advantages.

We are proposing to use the former quarry as a facility for intense sports, such as motocross, skicross and bmx. With only little adjustments the cliffs, rocks and spoil heaps can be transformed into the required parcours and tracks. As well the very shady conditions in the quarry are excelent for winter sport, letting the snow last longer than usual in Trondheim.

Additionally our aim was to develop buildings for the site, using the special conditions as good as possible to reduce emissions during construction as well their

energy demand later on. The exposed good quality rock is making the site an excelent spot for light weight membrane structures, having the possibility to anchor directly into the rock instead of having the need of massive foundations. A recently invented new type of insulated membrane also is solving the thermal issues membrane structures had in the past. The cooling and heating demand can be reduced by using the exposed stone as huge thermal mass and as well by positioning facilities based on their required indoor temperature. For example, the training spaces as dry slope and trampolines are located in the shade of the cliffs to keep the indoor temperature low. The other spaces as changing rooms, cafe, bar and service rooms with higher heating demand are positioned and orientated to gain as much as possible solar heat during winter.

Trondheim is missing places to train and compete in disciplines such as motocross, skicross and bmx. We believe the Franzefoss quarry can be the perfect location for a new intense sports park fulfilling these demands. Moreover, the society’s interest as well as understanding of sustainability can be adressed by showing the sustainable opportunities that can be discovered even in activities considered as dirty and polluting as motocross.

Intense City L I A F RA N Z E F O S S Q U A R RY _current situation

grass, field forest exposed stone buildings streets power lines

N

0 25 50

100

200m

3

4

Intense City

use of existing topology and infrastructure

rock as foundation

cliffs and plateaus

hills

ramps

use rock as given foundation to reduce material demand tensile structure inspired by old quarry cranes

solar heating - use of terrain

solar heating - daytime

use of mostly shaded areas to host facilities with low heating / high cooling demand use of mostly sunny areas to host facilities with high heating demand

sunny areas

morning sun

evening sun

shaded areas

E - W

The first design strategies as base for the project development.

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cross ventilation

stack effect

SW-winds solar heating

thermal mass of rock

solar heating use of facade / roof angle

daylighting

direct light diffuse light

high solar heat gains

reflected light

low solar heat gains

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SHADOW MAP _8am _1st day of month _APR- OCT possible direct solar radiation / year 55% 46% 36% 27% 18% 9% 0%

very high solar radiation in morning

SHADOW MAP _6pm _1st of month _APR- OCT possible direct solar radiation / year 55% 46% 36% 27% 18% 9% 0%

very high solar radiation in evening

The two maps are part of the solar study of the site, showing the possible solar exposure on the area of the quarry at morning and at evening throughout a year. It is visible that the plateaus of the quarry create interesting patterns of very shaded and very sunny areas close to each other. This conditions can be used for the project to create spaces with different indoor temperatures due to different solar gains.

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FA C A D E A N G L E I N R E L AT I O N T O T H E A N G L E O F S U N

sunlight angle throughout the year at 12:00 srf 1

FORM FINDING IN SECTION

srf 4

N

S

α = 22° (21.06. 6pm)

srf 3

x

α = 32° (8am)

α = 4° (21.12.)

α = 50° (21.06. 12pm)

α = 32° (21.12. 8am)

sunlight angle at 21.06. (longest day) at 8am / 6pm

α = 50° (21.06.)

srf 2

7

α = 4° (21.12. 12pm)

α = 22° (6pm)

E

W

α

α E

N

W

α = 85°

S

0,87x α = 72°

high solar heat gains in mornings and evenings

highest solar heat gain in winter with reduced gain in summer

α = 50° (21.06. 12pm)

surface angle for optimal solar use on the shortest day of the year (E-facade)

(S-facade)

α = 50° (21.06. 12pm)

α = 32° (21.12. 8am)

srf 1

interior

α = 4° (21.12. 12pm)

exterior

srf 3

exterior

αsrf 1

N

interior αsrf 3

S

αsrf 1 = 86°

E

N

W

αsrf 3 = 58°

S

more interior space, but strong solar heat gains during summer

N

S

increasing the height of the compression post to shade, results in less solar heat gains during summer

surface angle for optimal solar use on the longest day of the year (S-facade)

(W-facade)

α = 50° (21.06. 12pm) srf 2 interior

exterior

interior

αsrf 2

N

S

exterior W αsrf 4 = 68°

N

W

25°

48°

W

E

90°

E 112°

STRONG SECONDARY WIND FROM WSW

148°

S 22°

26° 113 kWh/m2

N

αsrf 4

E

αsrf 2 = 40°

ROTATION

WIND

αsun = 22° (21.06. 6pm)

srf 4

141 kWh/m2

41° 72 kWh/m2

PREVAILING WIND FROM SE BLOCKED BY LANDSCAPE

28° 95 kWh/m2

TILT

OPTIMAL FACADE ANGLES FOR WINTER IRRADIATION (21 DEC TO 21 MAR)

55 kWh/m2

66°

S

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0.030

90%

80%

70%

CLO 0.57

0.020

MET 4.4

SAT UR ATI ON

MET 1.2

0.025

CUR VE

PSYCHROMATIC CHART FOR TRONDHEIM

60%

0.015

MET 1 CLO 0.57 SITTING, PANTS & SHORT SLEEVES

CLO 2.5

HUMIDITY RATIO

8

50% RELATIVE HUMIDITY

MET 1 CLO 2.5 SITTING, HEAVY CLOTHING

40%

0.010

30%

MET 3.6 CLO 1 LIGHT EXERCISE, MODERATE CLOTHING

20%

0.005

MET 4.4 CLO .57 EXERCISE, LIGHT CLOTHING 10%

0

-20 -15 -10 -5 DRY BULB TEMPERATURE °C

-0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

The chart visualizes that comfort zones are not a static value but instead depend on the intensity of activities and amount of clothing.

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S PA C E D I A G RA M

sun min. exposure temp. height cabins

restaurant/ bar

2,5m

2,5m

ski restaurant 2,5m kitchen/ storage

2,5m

ski rental 3,0m ticket office

2,5m

lift stations/ mechanical

4,5m

garage/ equipment storage

doctor dressing rooms trainer rooms washrooms storage trampolines the launcher

5,5m

2,5m 2,5m 3,5m 6,0m 7,5m

dry slope 8,5m

10m

The room program is ordered regarding the different needs of temperatures, lightning and space demand and used as base for further positioning of the facilities on the site

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The main building is located on one of the 14 meter high cliffs. The training spaces as dry slope and trampolines are located at the lower plateau in the shade of the cliff and upper building part. This and the large surface of exposed rock that is funtioning as thermal mass is keeping the temperature constantly low for sport activities. The changing rooms and trainer offices are above the training facilities on the edge of the cliff, using the temperature difference regarding to height and can also be heated if necessary with infloor heating.

On the upper plateau a double shell construction is used. The angle of facade is optimized to have high solar gains in winter and low hains in summer. Addition-

ally, exposed stone floor is used as thermal mass to store solar energy of the day to warm in the night. The upper plateau hosts the cafe and and bar with kitchen and public toilets. The inner shell with parts of cafe and kitchen is heated to average room temperature.The temperature of the outer shell with its additional sitting places can differ more during the seasons, taking in account the different amount of clothing sportists and visitors have throughout the year. In case of overheating the ventilation openings between the changing rooms and the upper shell can be used so creating stack effect, and pulling in the cool air of the training areas in the warmer part of the upper shell.

glaz

insulated membrane

7

warm air raises

10-18°C

6

ski track entry for training facilities

dry slope

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2

stack effect ventilation opening PV film

3

low sun

insulated membrane

5 ETFE

zed facade

14-24°C 20-22°C

toilets

4

1

in-floor heating

exposed stone as thermal mass

heated cafe and bar

20-22°C

unheated area ventilation openings

4.0

4.0

3.5

3.5 gallery

dressing rooms

DA YL IG

in-floor heating

HT

3.0

FA CT OR

3.0

ON

LO W

ER

2.5

AC T

IVI

TY

2.5

LE

VE

L

%

2.0

Properties of the insulated tensile membrane 1

2

3

4

5m

LUE

R-VA

m K/W

2.0

2

1.5

1.5

1.1 1.0

1.1 1.0

0.5

0.5

0

5 10 MEMBRANE THICKNESS MM

12.5

15

20

25

30

0

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1 base connection

3 membrane to column connection

7

6

5 4

3 2

3

69

4

° 2

1

1 1: steel collar

1: rock anchor

2: clamping screws

2: grouted baseplate

3: through bolt

3: welded vertical plates 2

4: steel pin 5: through bolts

4: glulam column

3

1

6: internal knife plates 7: glulam column

2 upper connection

7 6 6

1 5

4

3

2

8 1: steel connector plates 2: glulam column

1

3: external steel plate 4: through bolts 5: cap plate 6: steel pin 7: polycarbonate cap 8: peak membrane clamping rings

1

8

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4 terrace to rock connection

6 membrane connection to rock

5 4 3

4

2

3 2

7 6 5

1

1: glulam beam

1

2: internal knife plate

1: rock anchor

3: joist 4: wood deck

2: grout pad

5: rock anchor

3: membrane closure

6: steel plate

4: edge wire

7: welded angle

5: clamping plates

5 door connection 7 cable details 5

3 3

3

3

5 4

2

4

1

2

1

1: glulam column 2: membrane clamping plate 3: insulated membrane 4: edge angle

1: rock anchor 2: thimble head connection 3: cable clamp 4: turnbuckle

5: glazing

5: steel pin

15

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Tensotherm Insulated Membrane Thickness: 13 mm Weight: 4.8 kg/m² SHGC: 4.1%

hydrophobic resistant to mold & mildew fully waterproof

U-value: 0.90 Solar reflectance: 76% Solar absorption: 11% Transmissivity: 32.2%

2.5-5% light transmission for diffuse daylighting

absorbs 70% of broadband noise

Lifespan: 25 + years PTFE fiberglass fabric membrane (vapour permeable) 8 - 40mm translucent aerogel insulating layer (R-value 4.9 to 12)

MAIN BUILDING:

PTFE vapour barrier liner membrane

Membrane surface: 5015 m² Weight: 24 t Packed volume: 65 m³ possible to transport with one truck

69 m³

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ski track

trampolines

dry slope

entry

trainer rooms

storage

dressing rooms

cold room

kitchen

heated cafe and bar unheated area

buffer zone

entry ski track

N

5

10

15

20m

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