MARY CONE ART 222 T Y P O G RA P H Y
cone7122@vandals.uidaho.edu
208.305.5264
Moscow, ID
TYPEFACE
WORDMARK
Ms. Who Cares 123 4th Street Nowhere, MN July 14, 2012
Dear Ms Cares, Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Curabitur lacinia nibh in mauris eleifend pretium. Sed fringilla sodales urna, ac pulvinar leo rhoncus at. Mauris turpis lacus, pulvinar vel dignissim a, egestas viverra augue. Suspendisse id lacinia nulla. Phasellus ullamcorper pretium magna at semper. Donec justo leo, scelerisque vel elementum ut, convallis vitae neque. Phasellus ullamcorper pretium magna at semper. Donec justo leo, scelerisque vel elementum ut, convallis vitae neque. Nam ac euismod nulla. Fusce varius, elit vitae faucibus commodo, augue turpis dictum enim, non venenatis ante sem id lorem. In posuere vehicula lorem, a mattis urna hendrerit tempor. Aliquam sit amet diam sit amet arcu elementum porttitor at in odio. Aliquam vestibulum massa et mi ullamcorper vestibulum posuere ligula pulvinar. Sed rhoncus mauris nec est sodales et congue ligula mollis. Nunc sed metus eget erat vestibulum elementum eu et nisl. Maecenas et lorem eu lorem accumsan vestibulum sit amet et mauris. Suspendisse potenti. Vestibulum sed tellus vitae odio gravida semper eu at erat. Phasellus porttitor pellentesque ornare.
c h a i r t e c h . c o m
Suspendisse potenti. Vestibulum sed tellus vitae odio gravida semper eu at erat. Phasellus porttitor pellentesque ornare. Phasellus porta massa sed velit facilisis id luctus neque tincidunt. Donec sed est massa, ac tincidunt nunc. Proin velit lectus, consectetur a blandit vel, lobortis a nisi. Aliquam sagittis tincidunt euismod. Cras id lorem eu eros viverra blandit non non quam. Nullam sit amet magna et eros sagittis rutrum. Suspendisse lorem velit, egestas sed tempus at, iaculis sed sem. In dictum sollicitudin sem vel mattis.
Best Regards,
Emmy Real Emmy Real
LETTER HEAD
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CEO Emmy Real tel: 414.555.6666 e m m y. r e a l @ u s a . c o m 3 3 3 T h i r d S t r e e t C o n c e p t To w n , Wa 1 2 3 4 5
c h a i r t e c h . c o m
BUSINESS CARD
tel: 414.555.6666 3 3 3 T h i r d S t r e e t C o n c e p t To w n , Wa 1 2 3 4 5 c h a i r t e c h . c o m
ENVELOPE
T G A C T G
A C T G A C “The ultimate goal of this initiative is to understand the humane genome” “knowledge of the human is as necessary to the continuing progress of medicine and other health sciences as knowledge of human anatomy has been for the present state of medicine.”
Project Start Date: October 1990
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Project Completion Date: April 2003
HISTORICAL POSTER
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typography the aging eye: TYPEFACE LEGIBILITY FOR OLDER VIEWERS WITH VISION PROBLEMS
The population is rapidly aging and becoming a larger share of the marketplace. Thirteen percent of the population is currently over 65 years old. In 30 years that group will double to 66 million people. People change as they age. Sensory, cognitive and motor abilities decline. The built environment is not typically created with the needs of the aging population in mind. How does the choice of typeface in signage systems, for example, impact the older viewer who is experiencing vision problems typical to that age group? Are certain typefaces more suitable to the aging e y e ?
loss of light
loss of focus
Human vision declines with advancing age. Although there are neural losses, the major decline is due to changes in the eye's optics. The pupil shrinks, allowing less light to enter the eye. The pupil's response to dim light also decreases with age and becomes virtually nil by age 80. The elderly have especially significant vision problems in low light environments. These pictures show how much aging changes the relative transmission of light through the optic media forviewers of ages 20, 60 and 75.
The most common age-related vision change happens to almost everyone, beginning between the ages of 40 and 50. The lens starts to lose elasticity, resulting in a decreased ability to focus vision, especially during reading. Loss of visual acuity can result in
blurred vision, which may worsen with age, as the eye weakens. These pictures show the difference between normal focus and blurred vision. The amount of loss of focus differs from person to person, and can range from slight to s e v e r e .
t more serious vision problems
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Central field loss and peripheral field loss are other problems that can affect the eye, especially with individuals suffering from diabetes or neurological conditions. People with central field loss do not see what is directly in front of them, but do see an image tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt
around the periphery. With peripheral field loss the opposite occurs. The effect is much like looking through a tube or tunnel, where only a central image is visible. It is also possible for individuals to experience a combination of these vision difficulties. ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt
a note on the representations of the vision problems
The representations provided are as close to realistic as is possible, given the limitations of available tools. Human perception is, however, much more complex than can be represented for our purposes. The examples showing loss of light, for instance, are probably darker than what might actually be perceived, as the brain makes adjustments as the eye ages. As well, corrective lenses are commonly used to assist with loss of
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t ADA STANDARDS
body width = 60% to 100% of height stroke width = 10% to 20% of height
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simulating typical vision problems The following examples show typefaces that meet the ADA requirements for use in signage systems. Each is shown as it would be seen by a viewer with no vision problem compared with an example of how it would be seen by a viewer experiencing a loss of light and focus.
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typographic standards for signage The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) sets down body-width to height and stroke-width to height ratios for the use of appropriate typefaces in signage systems. These standards insure that more uniform typefaces are used, and that overly thick or thin stroke widths, and overlycondensed or expanded styles are not used. While these standards are an excellent starting point, it may be necessary to
consider additional factors in regards to typeface selection for the aging eye.
bodoni book
times roman
Thin stroke areas make this typeface a less than optimal choice for use with signage. Characters tend to break apart under low vision conditions.
The larger x-height and less thin stroke areas slightly improve readability. The somewhat condensed proportion results in closed counterforms under low vision conditions, such as in the “e” and “a” characters.
garamond s e m i b o l d
c e n t u r y schoolbook
The more consistent stroke width and wider proportion help readability. Small counterforms in the “e” and “a” tend to close under low vision conditions. The pronounced ascenders and descenders remain visible.
The wider proportion helps the counterforms in the “e” and “a” to close less. The more consistent stroke weight and larger x-height improve readability in low vision conditions.
t
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