Agriculture Along the Transect: Case Studies

Agriculture Along the Transect: Case studies

University of Miami School of Architecture Research Project Fall 2016 Mary Wissinger, 5th Year

In Collaboration With: Practicum Studio: Wyn Bradley DPZ Partners: Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk

Table of Contents Preface Introduction.............................................................6 Agriculture in History.............................................9 Agriculture Today..................................................10 Agriculture Terms.................................................13 Transect Zones......................................................14 Agriculture Along the Transect...........................16

Case Studies Intervale Center....................................................20 Johnson’s Backyard Garden................................22 Homeless Garden Project...................................24 Somerton Tanks Farms........................................26 Verde Farm and Market......................................28 Fleet Farming........................................................30 City Cycle Growers...............................................34 Allen Street Community Garden..........................35 Growing Power.....................................................36 The Urban Farming Guys....................................38 Eagle Street Rooftop Farm...................................40 Back to the Roots..................................................42

Appendix Additional Reading...............................................47 References.............................................................48 Image and Icon Credits.......................................50

Introduction Urban Agriculture has increasingly become a hot topic. It refers to incorporating farming in every aspect of the city, from farms on several hundreds of acres to personal herb gardens on the balcony of a high rise building. The current discussion of agriculture in the urban fabric leads to understanding how each part of the city can actively contribute to availability of healthy local foods for all of its citizens.

This guide benefits architects, city planners, gardeners, and those interested in agriculture and sustainability. Readers will understand the basic concepts relating to agriculture and the transect theory, which is a rural-to-urban model for urban planning. Selected case studies have been applied to the transect so architects and planners would know which type of project is ideal for each zone to incorporate in their designs. Benefits of reintroducing agriculture into city life improves health, boosts the local economy, and creates social cameraderie.

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Agriculture in history About 12,000 years ago, agriculture took root when hunter-gatherers decided to settle down, starting the “Neolithic Revolution.� A reliable food supply and permanent settlements were the main motivators that began the agricultural movement. Cities and civilizations grew from the farming settlements, attracting more and more people to these areas.

As a result of being able to grow food and farmed animals to meet the demand, the global population drastically increased. Farming in certain regions also relied on climatic and environmental conditions that were favorable to growing crops. Several advantageous occurances paved the way for modern age and society would not be where it is today.1 Now, more than ever, more people are growing food in cities. About 3.5 billion people already live in cities and the director of the United Nation’s Human Settlement Program says that population will grow by 2.5 to 3 billion by the year 2050.2 Government leaders and policy makers are urged to plan ahead and account for the food needed to provide to its citizens.

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Agriculture today Obesity has been on the rise for several decades, especially in America. It has been linked to several chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. High rates of chronic disease are a result of lack of access to fruits and vegetables.3 Neighborhoods with the highest health problems often lack access to healthy food or cannot afford it.

Planning for healthier cities is the first step in solving health problems in underserved communities. Local governments have the ability to make plans and zoning ordinances align with the developments of improving healthy and active living. Policies should promote access to local foods, support urban agriculture, and encourage healthy food options by retailers and restaurants.

Architects and city planners have the opportunity to positively influence our health and culture by incorporating agriculture into the built environment, from rural to urban zones.

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Agriculture terms

4

•

Agrarian: Relating to rural matters, a way of life that is connected to rural/agricultural areas.

•

Agricultural Urbanism: An emerging planning, policy, and design framework for integrating a wide range of sustainable food and agriculture system elements into a community at a site-, neighborhood-, or on a city-wide scale. In short, it is a way of building a place around food.

•

Community Supported Agriculture (CSA): A farming and food distribution model that consists of community members supporting a farm operation so that growers and consumers provide mutual support and share the risks and benefits of local food production. It usually involves weekly to monthly delivery of vegetables and fruit, and sometimes dairy products and meat.

•

Food desert: An urban area such as a neighborhood that has no or grossly insufficient access to healthy, affordable, and culturally-appropriate foods for local residents.

•

Gleaning: The practice of harvesting food that otherwise might go to waste and channelling it to humanitarian agencies.

•

SPIN Farming: A vegetable farming system, usually in urban settings, that make it possible to ear significant income from land bases under an acre in size. It is considered non-technical, easy to learn, and inexpensive to implement.

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Transect zones

5

•

T1 Natural Zone: Consists of lands approximating or reverting to wilderness condition, especially where unsuitable for settlement due to topography, hydrology, or vegetation.

•

T2 Rural Zone: Consists of sparsely settled lands in open or cultivated conditions.

These include woodland, farmland, grassland, and irrigable desert. Typical buildings are farmhouses, agricultural buildings, cabins, and villas. Roads and trails are common.

•

T3 Sub-Urban Zone: Consists of low-density residential areas and some retail at corners. Home occupations and outbuildings are present throughout. Planting is naturalistic and building setbacks are relatively deep. Blocks may be large and the road pattern irregular to accomodate natural conditions.

•

T4 General Urban Zone: Consists of mixed-use, but primarily residential areas. It includes a wide range of building types: shops, houses, rowhouses, and small apartment buildings.

•

T5 Urban Center Zone: Consists of higher-density, mixed-use buildings with shops, offices, rowhouses, and apartments. Streets have raised curbs, wide sidewalks, steady tree planting, and buildings with shorter setbacks.

•

T6 Urban Core Zone: Consists of the greatest density and building height, most being mixed-use. It is the setting for civic buildings of regional importance. Blocks may be large to accomodate parking within. Streets have steady tree planting and buildings set close to wide sidewalks. Only large towns and cities have Urban Core Zones.

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15

agriculture along the transect

T1:

Natural Zone

T2:

Rural Zone

T3:

Sub-Urban Zone

Forgeable Wilderness Tractor Farms Hand Tended Farms and Orchards Front Yard Gardens

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• Verde

Farm and M • Fleet

T4:

General Urban Zone

T5:

Urban Center Zone

T6:

Urban Core Zone

Rear Yard Gardens Tractor Farms Roof Gardens Balcony Gardens Window Gardens 17

Fa

case studies Intervale Center....................................................20 Johnson’s Backyard Garden................................22 Homeless Garden Project...................................24 Somerton Tanks Farms........................................26 Verde Farm and Market......................................28 Fleet Farming........................................................30 City Cycle Growers...............................................34 Allen St. Community Garden..............................35 Growing Power.....................................................36 The Urban Farming Guys....................................38 Eagle St. Rooftop Farm.......................................40 Back to the Roots..................................................42

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T1 : Natural Zone

T2 : Rural Zone

Intervale Center Burlington, Vermont

About: The Intervale Center’s mission is to strengthen community food systems. The organization assists with new farm incubations, farm business development, agricultural market development, agricultural stewardship, food systems research and consulting. The center has been involved in the community for nearly 30 years, with its establishment in 1988. It is a nonprofit organization that improves farm viability and encourages sustainable land use while engaging the community in the food system by educating citizens on local produce.

Intervale Farms: History: Andy Jones, a Farm Manager, is in charge of helping build a community food system that honors farmers, values quality food, and enhaces the quality of life for citizens.

History: History:

The Intervale is an area of 700 acres of bottomland within the city limits of Burlington, Vermont. In the 1980s, the Intervale was dangerous and unwelcoming because the agricultural fields were left abandoned and used as informal dumping grounds. In 1986, Will Raap, the founder of Gardener’s Supply Company, organized a cleanup to restore the area. The Intervale is now an agricultural and recreational center for the city.

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• • • • • • • • • •

Besteyfield Farm City Chicks Diggers’ Mirth Collective Farm Franklyn Hayburn’s Bee Hives Half Pint Farm Hallow Herbs Farm Intervale Community Farm Juice Bar Vermont Pitchfork Farm StrayCat Flower Farm

Informal Dumping Grounds

Community Resource

Annual Impact Report 2015: • • • • • • • • The Intervale Center sustains farms, land, and people. It improves farm viability, promotes healthier land and water, and creates opportunities for people to engage with their local food system.

Farms Program:

• •

72 Farms improved their businesses through their agricultural services 88% of enrolled farmers reported increase in sales in the beginning farmer program 100% reported increased satisfaction with their businesses 33 farms and local producers sold products through the Intervale Food Hub 30,000 pounds of fresh food were gleaned from Vermont farms 125 food-insecure households and 13 social service agencies received free food shares 8,000 people attended Summervale to cele- brate local food, farms, and friends 8,000 tree tubes or 1,500 lbs of plastic were removed from Vermont’s landscape 100 acres of watershed were restored across the state 20,000 native trees were planted along rivers and streams to protect water quality and Lake Champlain

History:

The Farms Program was founded in 1990, making it one of the oldest incubator farms in the United States. The program serves to remove startup barriers that challenge new farmers such as access to land, infrastructure, business planning assistance, and markets. The Intervale connects prospective farmers to a community of knowledgeable growers and allows them to not feel isolated. The Intervale Center leases land, equipment, greenhouses, irrigation, and storage facilites to small independent farms. These farms produce fresh produce, eggs, meat, and flowers each year on 135 acres of land. They contribute about 60 fulltime, part-time, and seasonal jobs to the Burlington economy. Each year, between one and three new farm businesses join the program and receive subsidized rental rates, business planning support, and mentorship from experienced farmers.

So far, the Intervale Center has contributed to the success and growth of over forty farms since the organization’s inception.

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T1 : Natural Zone

T2 : Rural Zone

Johnson’s Backyard Garden Austin, Texas

About: History:

Johnson’s Backyard Garden grew from a home garden feeding 30 families to a 1,000 member CSA with produce grown on about 70 acres over the years it has been in operation.

Johnson’s Backyard Garden literally began in a small urban backyard in East Austin, in 2004. It yielded produce that was sold at the Austin Farmers’ Market. Two years later, they began a small CSA (Community Supported Agriculture) and provided local produce to about thirty families in the area. This led to their garden taking over most of their front and side yards. In the summer of 2006, the Johnson family purchased 20 acres and moved there in late September. In just three years, Johnson’s Backyard Garden grew from a simple garden to a 1,000-member CSA. In the spring of 2010, they were able to purchase 40 more acres with revenue from the CSA memberships. They also leased an additional 10 acres on River Road in Cedar Creek, Texas. Their proven success has allowed the family and farmers to provide high-quality organic produce to families and companies who need wholesale fruits and vegetables.

Farmers’ Markets: History: • • • Volunteers transplant crops with the help of a tractor.

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Transplanting crops is oftentimes more beneficial because it helps to create a shortcut in the growing process.

•

Sunday: Texas Market at Meuller, Lone Star Market, HOPE Market Tuesday: in.gredients Wednesday: Austin Market - Triangle, Dripping Springs Market Saturday: Austin Market - Downtown, Sunset Valley Market, Memorial Villages, Barton Creek Market, Texas Market at Lakeline, Wolf Ranch Market, Waco Market, New Braunfels

Community Supported Agriculture (CSA): History:

A CSA is a direct partnership between the consumer and a farm. CSA participants pay a membership fee for a share of the upcoming harvest and are ensured high-quality local produce during the season.

At Johnson’s Backyard Garden, a CSA membership includes: • A weekly or bi-weekly delivery of seasonal certified organic vegetables, fruits, and herbs that may vary each time.

• Invitations to Johnson’s Backyard Garden events, farm workshops, gardening and cooking classes, potlucks, U-picks as well as their annual Spring and Fall farm open house to meet farmers and see where the food is grown.

• A picture and recipe filled weekly newsletter that includes details on how to handle and store produce received in CSA box. The newsletter includes news from the farm and covers events in the local Austin food and farming community.

• Special member pricing on bulk-item purchases like heirloom tomatoes, seasonal organic Texas citrus, and spring transplants.

• Access to their online recipe database, cooking and storage tips, photos, and member forums.

• The option to add free-range eggs, fair-trade coffee, and other selected artisanal foods from local producers.

• The option to exchange unwanted fruits and vegetables for preferred items.

Membership Fee

Produce Share

Pickup or Delivery

The CSA options include: large, medium, small or individual boxes that range in quantity and selection of produce each week.

Individual Box: History: • • • • • •

Bok Choy Beet, Red Greens, Sweet Potato Melon, Watermelon Potato, Sweet Turnip

Small Box: History: • • • • • • • •

Carrot, Orange Cauliflower Greens, Kale, Curly Greens, Mustard Herb, Dill Pepper, Sweet Potato, Sweet Radish, Red

Large Box: History: • • • • • • • • • • • •

Beet, Golden Broccoli Carrot, Orange Greens, Dandelion Greens, Kale, Dino Greens, Spinach Herb, Dill Herb, Fennel Kohlrabi, Purple Onion, Green Pepper, Sweet Potato, Sweet

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T1 : Natural Zone

T2 : Rural Zone

homeless garden project Santa Cruz, California

About: History:

In May 1990, the Citizens Committee for the Homeless, a nonprofit, opened an organic garden to provide sanctuary, refuge, and meaningful work to the community. Over twenty-five years later, The Homeless Garden Project has provided job training, transitional employment and support services to people who are homeless or at risk of being homeless.

The project offers an educational and volunteer program that blends formal, experiential, and service-learning opportunities. The Homeless Garden Project envisions a thriving and inclusive community, workforce, and local food source while helping people get back on their feet.

Responsibilities of Trainees: History: Homelessness and joblessness go hand in hand. When homeless people lack job skills and work experience it makes it even harder to find a job. The Homeless Garden Project has been helping people get back on their feet for over 25 years.

Values: Histor • • •

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The capacity of every individual for growth and renewal.

The joy that comes from growing and sharing food.

The well-being created by vibrant social and natural ecosystems.

• • • • • • • •

Take advantage of transitional employment in a safe and structured environment Learn basic skills required for employment Learn a variety of marketable skills Share four hot meals a week with staff, other trainees, and volunteers Give to the community by growing food for other programs that serve the needy Grow organic fruit, vegetables, and flowers for the community through CSA program Educate students and other groups who use the garden Create value-added products from farm grown materials which are sold at the Women’s Organic Flower Enterprise Store

Century Certificate Program: History: istory:

The program has two major objectives. It offers the opportunity for interested participants to experience the benefits of the transitional job training program, even if they are unable to make the full commitment. It also offers volunteer opportunities for those wishing to experience a greater depth and become more involved in the organization.

The program offers weekly education and lecture series. Participants are able to be a part of a network of volunteers and community members and receive organic lunches on work days.

Participants are expected to commit 100 hours and attend a minimum of four classes part of the lecture series within a three month period.

Chris Roberts is one of the several trainees on the 3.5 acre farm.

Women’s Organic Flower Enterprise:story: History:

Produce from the farm is sold at a stand run by trainees.

The program offers trainees experience in learning to dry a myriad of types of herbs and flowers to design beautiful arrangements. It extends the farming season allowing for more flexibility for workers. The enterprise creates gift products sold in The Homeless Garden Project’s retail store such as: wreaths, candles, bath and body products, sachets, jam, baking mixes, teas, jewelry, t-shirts, and hand-knitted scarves and hats. It was first created as a safe haven for women but men are also invited to work there.

Lecture Series Topics:story: History:

Support Services

Job Training

Educational Programs

• • • • •

Compost Soil Profiles Companion Planting Flower arrangement Flower care

• • • • •

Job Interview Skills Cooking Tool Care and Usage Active listening Working with trauma

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T2 : Rural Zone

Somerton tanks farms Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

About: Histor

With an increased interest in local food systems over the years, Philadelphia government officials saw a need for local agriculture in their own city.

The Philadelphia Water Department was also seeking ways to use vacant, abandoned, and unproductive land to create economic opportunities for its citizens that would also benefit the environment.

Somerton Tanks Farm was created as a protoype farm testing Small Plot Intensive (SPIN) Farming for the creation of more farms throughout the city of Philadelphia.

Planning for Somerton Tank Farms began in 2001 by the water department in collaboration with the Insitute for Innovations in Local Farming. Their main goal was to pave the way for a greener city, minimize storm water runoff and attract new and sustainable businesses to the area by working with city planners and farmers.

Somerton Tanks Farms was created as a prototype urban farm for the creation of other neighborhood-based farms in the city. Using the SPIN Farming method, the farm was able to successfully produce $68,000 in gross scales by harvesting high-value fruits and vegetables on just half of an acre. They also created a training center to train for the new demand of self-sufficient small scale urban vegetable growers.

+ Small Plot

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Minimal Investment

+

= High Value Crops

Productivity and Profits

SPIN Farming: Histor

SPIN Farming was first introduced by Wally Satzewich and Gail Vandersteen, owners of Wally’s Urban Market Garden, and Roxanne Christensen in partnership with the Philadelphia Water Department.

The concept of SPIN Farming is formulated around the ecological processes and minimal capital investment that will produce significant profits. It uses highly organized rotational planting patterns to raise yields, reduce pest pressure, and build soil fertility. The farms should also be production based, sub-acre in scale, entrepreneurially driven, environmentally friendly, and within close proximity to markets to encourage local access to foods.

This improved method on farming increases revenue and productivity over a short period of time.

This method is a new approach to farming and a vast improvement from the practices of the past. Farming has been around for a very long time but has not kept up with modern practices in an economic and cultural sense. It is an old profession and was mostly passed down from person to person but as time goes on there are less and less experienced farmers so information is not easily accessible.

SPIN Farming Advantages: Histor • • • • • • • •

Non-technical and easy to learn Inexpensive to implement Eliminates much trial and error Accelerates progress Provides specific benchmarks to measure success Provides more control over outcomes and income Provides access to the self-taught SPIN-Farming community for training, support, and mentoring

SPIN Farming Basics Guide: Histor

Prospective farmers are able to access SPIN-Farming Basics at spinfarming.com. It is a guide on how to start farming, and SPIN 2.0 Production Planning and Crop Profiles, a peer-to-peer online support group. Farmers will learn how to farm by having the opportunity to see a typical farm design, learn the concepts of planting to produce a consistent supply of a wide variety of vegetables for the longest possible time without costly season extension, have a list of high-value crops that are tried and true, a list of tools and gear needed, a business concept, and much more.

Unlike most farm guides, instead of solely teaching farmers how to farm, SPIN-Farming Basics teaches prospective farmers how to make money growing food. It provides a financial and management framework for having their businesses drive agriculture, rather than the other way around. The program offers a low-risk and affordable entry into the farming industry.

SPIN Farming’s core concepts such as relay cropping, land base allocation, workflow practices and marketing are based on suburban and rural farms but can be applied to urban farms.

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T2 : Rural Zone

Verde farm and market Homestead, Florida

About: Histor

Verde Community Farm and Market is located on a former Air Force Base that was wiped out by Hurricane Andrew in 1992. The property remained unused until there was a proposal by the Miami-Dade Homeless Trust in 2008 to turn the site into 145 LEED-Certified affordable housing units and a farm. The 22-acre nonprofit farm was USDA Organic Certified in 2014. The food produced is sold at various farmers’ markets, restaurants, and its own market that is on site on every Saturday during the season. They also have an on-site café.

Verde Community Farm and Market not only produces quality organic produce for the area but has also created job opportunities, job skills training, and educational outreach to homeless citizens.

Educational Programs: Histor • • • • • • • •

All of the profits earned from produce sales and space rentals go towards improving Verde Market and Farm. Without support from the community, the farm would not be where it is today.

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Tour of the Farm Farm to Fork workshop where kids can prepare a healthy meal with produce from farm Scavenger Hunt Soil Fertility and Composting Plant Families and Food Web Seed Starting Farm Art Volunteer Opportunities

On-site Café

Job Training

Educational Programs

Verde Kitchen Café: Histor

The on-site café, run by at-risk homeless citizens seeking job experience, is open Tuesday through Saturday for lunch from 11 am to 3 pm. The food on the menu incorporates the fruits and vegetables grown on its own farm, providing customers a true farm-to-table experience. The café serves everything from pulled pork sandwiches to peanut butter cookies made from scratch. There is a bakery with fresh baked goods and a juice bar that serves fresh juices. The commercial kitchen is available for rent for other businesses to prepare their goods and the market and outdoor green space can be used for special events such as luncheons or family reunions.

Farm Membership: Histor

Verde Farm and Market depends on community engagement to succeed financially. They offer CSA memberships for people who would like to receive organic farm fresh produce throughout the growing season from November to April. Members would receive a wide variety of fresh organic vegetables and a few tropical fruits for pick up or delivery on a weekly or bi-weekly basis. Produce is also available for wholesale purchases allowing restaurants to include local produce on their menus.

Urban Oasis Project: Histor

Urban Oasis Project is an independent organization that helps run the operations at the Verde Market and Farm that pertain to agriculture. The organization was run by volunteers for the first two years and in February 2010, became a nonprofit. They also sell the produce at various farmers’ markets, plant gardens for low-income families, and support other local farms. At farmers’ markets they accept Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits, formerly known as food stamps, and double their value for Florida grown organic produce.

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T3 : Sub-Urban Zone

T4 : General Urban Zone

T5 : Urban Center Zone

Fleet farming

Orlando, Florida and Oakland, California

About: Histor

Fleet Farming is run by a ‘fleet’ of volunteers who go on Swarm rides to plant , maintain, and collect produce grown on multiple lawns.

As of 2016: Histor • • • • •

4 branches around the world 26 lawns converted 4,644 pounds of produce harvested 4,362 miles pedaled 9,288 pounds of CO2 saved

Fleet Farming was pitched by John Rife, in 2013, owner of East End Market, at the Hive Orlando, an IDEAS For Us “think and do tank.” The initative began in February 2014 with five lawns. In the first two years after inception there have been over 300 lawns donated and the organization has developed a wait-list for the Orlando area due to high demand. Fleet Farming hopes to have a total of 8 branches and 200 farmlettes worldwide by 2020.

Fleet farmers plant and collect the produce grown on donated lawns and sell it to local markets and restaurants. They reduce their environmental impact and expenses by having volunteers travel on bicycles instead of cars.

Swarm Rides: Histor

Fleet Farming relies on its ‘fleet’ of volunteers. In return, they receive half off produce at the Audobon Market. All they need to bring is a bike, gloves, water, and a helmet. Throughout the ride, volunteers will get a chance to stop at 3-5 farmlettes. No experience is needed to participate.

Plant Gardens

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Collect Produce

Sell Produce

Farmlettes add nity by taking

an aesthetic feature to the commuthe place of traditional grass lawns.

Fleet Farmers also collect fruit from trees in the community to avoid wasting produce that would otherwise be uneaten.

Fleet Farmlettes:

Fruit Gleening:

Histor

Histor

Farmelettes are donated residential or commercial lawns that are converted into food-producing plots of at least 500 square feet in size. Any landowner or renter (with owner consent) can have their own farmlette if they have a chemical-free lawn, sign a 2 year agreement, and donate a suggested amount of $500 to cover start-up costs. Subsidies are available for those who qualify. Farmlette hosts would also have to be responsible for paying the irrigation’s water usage which should not exceed $1/month.

Benefits: H i

s

t

o

r

In exchange for being a farmlette host, owners are allowed to harvest a share of the produce for their own use. Fleet Farming is responsible for the maintenance of the plot so hosts do not have to worry about tending the farmelettes although they are encouraged to be as engaged as they wish in the farming process.

Fleet Farming also offers a program to reduce to amount of wasted food in the United States and to increase the daily intake of fruits and vegetables Americans consume per day by increasing access to produce. Homeowners can register their chemically untreated fruit trees with Fleet Farming and let the farmers know when the fruits begin to ripen so they can be harvested. After the fruits have been collected and sold, homeowners will receive a tax-deductible receipt in the amount sold for their donations. Fallen fruit attracts pests and rodents so by having the fruit collected homeowners can avoid unwanted critters, another added benefit.

Where to Buy: Histor • •

Orlando, Florida: Farm-Haus, Audubon Park Community Market, The Sanctum Oakland California: Miss Ollie’s, The Cook and Her Farmer, Hen House, Flora, Parlour

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Fleet Gardens: Histor

Fleet Farming has influenced the increase in home gardening and in Orlando, anyone can have a private garden installed on their property that they maintain. ‘Fleet for You’ offers homeowners the opportunity to reap the benefits of their own long-lasting garden beds.

Histor Included Materials: • • • • • • • • • •

Soil Mix Mulch Weed Liner Garden Bed Seeds/Plants Irrigation (included for beds 4’x8’ or larger) Compost Bin (for areas within the City of Orlando) Gardening Guide and Planting Schedule Weekly Blog Posts with Tips and Suggestions (Optional) Double digging. Double bed height.

Plant cages and trellises.

Histor

Fleet Farming can also conveniently install and/or maintain personal residential or commercial gardens for a fee.

Raised Bed Sizes and Prices: Veggie Bed

Square Feet

1st bed

2nd Bed

4’ x 8’

32

$475

$425

4’ x 10’

40

$525

$475

16

$325

$275

Additional Services: • • •

Irrigation (timer and tubing) $50 for beds under 32 square feet Plant and Seed Replacement $50 Garden Maintenance $35 per visit (or excess crops can be harvested by Fleet Farmers and traded for maintenance)

Herb Bed 4’ x 4’

Garden Consultations: Histor

For a reasonable fee Fleet Farming offers garden consultations for residential, public, or private gardens. The consultation is free for installations over $500. It includes guidance on optimal location, layout for maximum protection, irrigation methods, and pH soil testing.

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Produce Depending on Season: Histor Salad Greens:

Histor • • • •

Asian Mix (Siberian Kale, Red Russian Kale, Toscano Kale, Arugula, Mizuna) Elegance Mix (Pak Choi, Mizuna, Red Mustard, Leaf Broccoli, Scarlet Frills) Vibrant Mix (Baby Chard, Bibb, Black Seeded Simpson, Red Oak Leaf, Sorrel) Native Mix (Bibb, Baby Chard, Cranberry Hibiscus, Okinawa Spinach, Katuk, Florida Spinach)

Histor

Herbs and Flowers:

Sauté Greens:

Histor

Histor

• • • • • • • •

Borage Cilantro Dill Fennel Parsley (Flat, Curled) Sunflowers Marigolds Nasturtium

Histor Fruits: • • • • • • • • • • •

Avocado Banana Citrus Kumquat Loquat Longan Mango Mulberry Passion Fruit Papaya Prickly Pear

• • • •

Cabbage Collards Kale (Curly, Lacinato, and Red Russian) Mustard Greens

Fleet Farming offers several opportunities for communities to learn about their mission of increasing access to local fresh food.

Fleet Education: H

1-Hour Fleet Presentation ($75): Other/Summer Crops:

Histor • • • • • • • • •

Alfalfa Cowpea Cranberry Hibiscus Okra Lufa Malabar Spinach Moringa Purple Sweet Potato Seminole Pumpkin

Roots:

Histor • • • •

Beets Carrots Purple Top Turnips Radishes

Histor

Histor

The presentation teaches people about the bike-powered organization that is leading a local food revolution. They come to you or can organize a private Swarm Ride for the group.

Histor

Seed Planting Add-On ($30+):

Histor

For an extra fee, people can get their hands dirty with the “Seed Planting Workshop.” Everyone gets to take home their own clay pot and planted seeds. This is a great opportunity for all ages.

Histor

Team Building Work Day ($300):

Histor The to ing ed

Fleet Team can teach your group how build a 3’x6’ garden bed while learnteam building skills. Materials includare: wood, soil mix, seeds, tools, etc.

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T3 : Sub-Urban Zone

T4 : General Urban Zone

T5 : Urban Center Zone

city cycle growers Kamloops, British Columbia

About: Histor

Allowing City Cycle Growers to grow food on an unutilzied lawn means no need for lawn maintenance.

Much like Fleet Farming, City Cycle Growers utilizes vacant land to grow fruits and vegetables to sell at local farmers’ markets and uses bicycles as a means of transportation, including their eight-foot Bikes@Work trailer. They also sell their produce to local restaurants. City Cycle Growers is a small family SPIN farm owned by Lenard Segnitz, Deanna Hurstfield, and their son. The owners were inspired by Steve Solomon’s Gardening When It Counts and The Intelligent Garden, which discuss the importance of growing nutrient dense food. Elliot Coleman’s Four Season Harvest which discusses how to grow produce year round. They also were inspired by Jean-Martin Fortier’s The Market Garden which gives guidance to novice farmers and market gardeners.

They choose to use open pollinated and heritage plant varieties when possible, including seeds they save themselves. They build the soil by adding aged compost, bone meal, and glacial dust rock. City Cycle Growers conserve water by mulching and using drip irrigation. They encourage beneficial insects to help control pests.

City Cycle Growers’s mission is to grow nutrient dense foods using sustainable practices while nurturing the land.

Plant Gardens

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Collect Produce

Sell Produce

T4 : General Urban Zone

T5 : Urban Center Zone

allen stREET community garden Somerville, Massachusetts

History: Histor

Historically part of a close-knit residential neighborhood, the land that is home to the current Allen Street Community Garden became vacant in the 1950s. Over the years, the lot became an illegal dumping ground. The city took hold of the property in 2003 and neighborhood meetings determined the best use for the lot would be a community garden.

In January 2007, the lot was improved by replacing contaminated soil and building raised-bed gardening plots. Funding for the project came from an EPA Cleanup Grant. Members are able to rent a plot to grow their own fruits and vegetables. The garden plots are available on a first-come-first-served basis and if there are none available, there is a waitlist.

Gardeners are charged a nominal fee and are required to sign a letter of agreement to understand their responsibilites. Each garden in the city is managed by at least one Garden Coordinator. This garden provides an example where citizens still have the opportunity to grow their own food even if they do not have space on their own property.

Allen Street Community Garden is one of nine active gardens in the city and one of two ADA accessible gardens.

Allen Street Community Garden also provides citizens a place to relax with sitting areas and shade trees.

Informal Dumping Grounds

Community Garden

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T4 : General Urban Zone

T5 : Urban Center Zone

growing power

Milwaukee, Wisconsin and Chicago, Illinois

About: HistorHistor

Growing Power was founded by Will Allen. He was the first African-American to play basketball for the University of Miami, where he was accepted on a scholarship. After college, he played for the Baltimore Bullets and played professionally in Belgium.

He then retired from basketball when he was 28 and moved to Milwaukee, where his wife grew up.

Growing Power was started by a former professional basketball player who is passionate about agriculture and local food access.

The Good Food Revolution: Growing Healthy Food, People, and Communities is the story of Will Allen’s personal journey detailing the lives he has influenced and the urban agricultural grassroots movement he has inspired.

The book describes how a once professional basketball player became the farmer, founder, and CEO of Growing Power , an urban farm, in Milwaukee. Through his organization, he has provided high-quality, safe, affordable, and healthy food options to communities since 1993.

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Growing up, Will Allen’s parents were sharecroppers in South Carolina until they bought a small vegetable farm in Maryland, Allen’s hometown.

He left his marketing job at Procter & Gamble in 1993 and purchased Growing Power, a derelict plant nursery that was in foreclosure, located in Milwaukee. He also purchased a 100-acre farm in Oak Creek, previously owned by his wife’s parents.

Growing Power is now a successful urban farming project and land trust that includes a 40acre farm nearby and another farm located in Chicago that is owned by his daughter. He has dedicated his life to producing and delivering healthy food to low-income communities.

Growing Power fulfills its mission by providing hands-on training, on-the-ground demonstration, outreach, and technical assistance through the development of Community Food Systems that help people grow, process, market, and distribute food in a sustainable manner. Growing Power hopes to inspire citizens to become involved in local food production while creating healthier communities.

Recognition: HistorHistor • • • •

•

In 2005, Will Allen was awarded a Ford Foundtion leadership grant, worth $100,000 In 2008, he was awarded a MacArthur Foundation “Genius Grant,” worth $500,000 In 2009, he was awarded the Kellogg Foundation grant, worth $400,000, to create jobs in urban agriculture.

Will Allen also appears in the documentary Fresh and the film refers to him as “one of the most influential leaders of food security and urban farming movement.”

In May 2010, he was listed on Time Magazine’s annual “Time 100: The World’s Most Influential People”

Growing Power Farms: HistorHist • • • • •

Composts more than 40 million pounds of waste annually Grows over 200 varieties on 300 acres of land Food produced feeds about 10,000 people Over 50% of profits come from sales and services and have over 40 different sources of income, proving its success as a nonprofit Operates 6 greenhouses in Milwaukee

Educational Programs: HistorHist • • •

Youth Corps Internships Tours

Membership Fee

• • •

Workshops Conferences Training

Produce Share

Growing Power seeks to expand its mission of growing local foods by developing the concept for a five-story urban vertical farm.

Vertical Farm: HistorHistor

Growing Power and The Kubala Washatko Architects , Inc. have teamed up to design the world’s first working urban vertical farm in Milwaukee.

The design includes five stories of south-facing greenhouse areas that will allow the production of plants, vegetables, and herbs year-round. The educational classrooms, conference spaces, a demonstration kitchen, food processing and storage, freezers, and loading docks incorporated into the building will further support Growing Power’s mission as a local and national resource for learning about sustainable urban food production.

Educational Programs

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T3 : Sub-Urban Zone

T4 : General Urban Zone

T5 : Urban Center Zone

the urban farming guys Multiple Locations in the U.S.

About: Histor

The Urban Farming Guys, a nonprofit organization, has been helping to establish sustainable and self-sufficient communities in the most difficult and overlooked areas. They strive to make a difference where no one else dares to enter due to high crime rates and limited resources. They implement various sustainable efforts such as urban fish farming, alternate energy, community gardens, and more.

The Urban Farming Guys hope to cultivate the life of the worst inner-cities by incorporating agriculture and inspiring its citizens.

Priorities: Histor • • • • •

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Building and inspiring local food and water security Establish local economic development Building community capacity Introducing sustainable technology and alternative energy Have open source documentation and community engagement

The organization started with no plan or money but have succeeded so far with support from different communities across the U.S. and have created jobs, purpose, and hope in challenging inner cities.

They call themselves an urban experiment because the farmers leave their homes in comfortable suburbia and relocate themselves in the cities they want to help improve.

Mission: Histor

The Urban Farming Guys hope to reshape the path of the next generation by sharing their message through social media so that the tools and projects become attainable to anyone and can be reproduced around the world. Although their community gardens, educational programs, and other initiatives are a good start to improving communities by introducing agriculture, The Urban Farming Guys also hope to create access to local foods by converting a truck into a Mobile Farmers Market, where urban farming may not be an option or accessible in a community.

“Phase Zero” Development: Histor

The Urban Farming Guys find communities that desperately need assistance. The communities are usually ones devastated by natural disasters, war, or are economic ghost towns. “Phase Zero” Development is the main focus of The Urban Farming Guys because they specialize in places that have no government help, the city does not have a plan, and there is no hope for the future because no one is able to create a return on government investment. They know their mission is hard work but they do not give up.

Community Garden Program: Histor

Community gardens are a powerful neighborhood asset. They reduce crime by putting eyes on the street and help build community, education, and healthy food access. In 2013, The Urban Farming Guys installed over 100 raised beds. That same year they also started producing their own energy, selling about $300 per month of electricity back to the grid. They can now grow up to 2,000 pounds of fish each year and catch 1,000 gallons of water everytime it rains an inch. They also aquired 13 new lots and have built raised bed gardens worth $25,000 entirely without cash by reusing materials and working with what they had.

Programs: Histor

Crime Ridden Cities

Urban Farms

• • • • • • • • •

Community Gardens Program Healthy Food Access Program After School Programs Neighborhood Capacity Building International Missions Program Training Courses Internship to Apprenticeship Program Open Source Sustainable Technology Local Economic Creation Program

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T4 : General Urban Zone

T5 : Urban Center Zone

T5 : Urban Core Zone

eagle street Rooftop Farm Brooklyn, New York

About: Histor

Eagle Street Rooftop Farm sits on a warehouse building overlooking the Manhattan skyline. It is a 6,000 square foot green organic vegetable farm owned by Broadway Stages in Greenpoint, Brooklyn. During the city’s growing season, May through October, the farmers host an on-site market and bicycle fresh produce to local restaurants.

The farm also has a Farm-Based Education team and receives training from a food education organization called Growing Chefs. Eagle Street Rooftop Farm also offers various volunteer opportunities for the community to get involved.

Eagle Street Rooftop Farm is staffed by a Farm Manager, a Market manager, Farm to Chef Liason, and the Farm Based Education Coordinator making it a for-profit farm.

Eagle St. Rooftop Farm’s book, The Rooftop Growing Guide: How to Transform Your Roof into a Garden or Farm explains the unique conditions of growing plants and produce on a roof. It highlights the basics such as soil maintenance, watering, crop management, installation and much more. The author, Annie Novak, co-founded America’s first fully landscaped green roof farm and her book is the first written for the general audience on rooftop farms.

Educational Programs: • • • •

Workshops for children and adults about growing food, seed saving, local cooking, city composting, green roofs, beekeeping Farm visits Weekly lecture series Apprenticeship Program

Rooftop Farm

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Collect Produce

Sell Produce

Design and installation of the roof: Histor • • •

•

•

•

•

The green roof system was installed by a company named Goode Green.

The green roof base system is made of 2” of built-up components: polyethelene, drainage mat, retention, and separation fabrics.

200,000 pounds of growing medium were lifted onto the roof by crane in “super-sacks,” with approval of the building’s engineer. The growing medium, a combination of compost, rock particulates, and shale, was laid directly onto the green roofbase. This system retains water, allows for air circulation, and is still lightweight.

The roof can hold up to 1.5” of rain, providing a reduction to storm water runoff. The captured water also helps cool the warehouse yielding a reduction in cooling costs.

The installation cost about $10 per square foot and is lower than most green roof installations because it was on a three-story building making the roof easily accessible and recycled materials, like rafters, were used for edging.

The growing medium was installed by a team of volunteers over the course of three days. It was spread among 16 north-south beds measuring 36” to 4’ in width and divided down the middle by a single long isle. The beds are 4-7” deep and the isles were filled with mulched bark.

Since overhead watering on a rooftop often evaporates or blows away, irrigation was first provided through plastic drip lines, using city tap water. In 2010, the system was deinstalled, as the root systems of the crops rotated and intercropped through the farm during the growing season and did not need drip watering. Currently, the farm relies on hand watering through a hose for newly planted seeds and transplants and rainwater for established plants such as: kale, chard, and tomatoes.

Eagle Street Rooftop Farm provides an example of incorporating agriculture into the most dense part of the city.

Produce: Histor •

• •

In the first season, the farm set their standards high and grew over thirty types of produce, from watermelon to cabbage. They quickly learned which fruits and vegetables were suitable for growing on a rooftop so they grew a wider variety but had a smaller number of crops. The most successful crops for health and high yield have been hot peppers, cherry tomatoes, and sage. The least adaptive are winter and summer squash.

The farm also harvests honey from three beehives kept by Annie Novak in partnership with Megan Paska of Brooklyn Honey.

In 2012, the farm focused on growing a selection of hot peppers to begin product development of a Brooklyn-based hot sauce.

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T3 : Sub-Urban Zone

T4 : General Urban Zone

T5 : Urban Center Zone

T6 : Urban Core Zone

Back to the roots Available in stores or online

About: Histor

Back to the Roots sells ready to grow and ready to eat products. They have provided a new way to farm on a small scale.

Back to the Roots was founded by Alejandro Velez and Nikhil Arora. After learning that mushrooms were able to grow entirely on spent coffee grounds in a college class, they watched hours of how-to videos and turned their fraternity kitchen into a science experiment. They both quit their corporate jobs and became full-time mushroom farmers. What started as curiosity about urban farming has turned into a passion to reconnect families back to where food comes from through fun and delicious ready to grow and ready to eat products.

Back to the Roots and its founders have received numerous awards since 2009 for their efforts in education and creating an innovative way to farm.

Products: Histor

Garden Toolkit: Histor

Ready to Gift:

Ready to Grow:

• • • •

• • • •

Water Garden Mason Jar Set Family Farmhouse Set Urban Homesteader Set

Histor

Ready to Eat: • CA Whole Wheat • Cocao Clusters • Purple Corn Flakes • Biodynamic Cinnamon Clusters

• •

Mushroom Farm Garden-in-a-can Garden-in-a-jar Self-watering planter Water Garden Accessories and Refills

Back to the Roots believes that education should include gardening and nutrition, They developed a Garden Toolkit consisting of a variety of fun, hands-on Ready to Grow products that are perfect for learning. The guides help kids understand the science behind the Mushroom Farm, Water Garden, and Garden-in-a-Can.

Plant Products

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Recipes

Educational Programs

The Mason Jar Gift Set: His

The gift set includes one self-watering planter, four organic garden-in-a-jars, and a homegrown recipe book. The jars come with organic basil, cilantro, and mint seeds and nutrient rich soil with no chemicals. The jars themselves are made with biochar technology that helps the herbs grow for months with no messy drainage holes. The jars include an easily removable label and the plants do not require transplanting. The ready to grow jars are a fun and easy way to harvest herbs from a windowsill.

Water Garden 2.0: His

The Water Garden is a fish tank that grows organic sprouts and herbs through aquaponics.

Aquaponics is a closed-loop ecosystem that combines fish farming with hydroponics (growing plants in nutrient-rich water). Fish produce waste which the plants filter while absorbing its nutrients. The clean water then gets circulated back to the fish and the cycle continues. This process self-cleans the tank so owners are not required to change the water. The tank is made in the USA and includes gravel, organic seeds and grow stones, natural fertilizer, coupon for a Betta fish, fish food, a submersible water pump.

Mushroom Farm: His

The Mushroom Farm can grow organic oyster mushrooms in just ten days. The only maintenace required is to mist it with water. An unopened box lasts for months, making the Mushroom Farm a great gift for kids, families, foodies, and chefs. The box includes organic plant-based soil that can grow multiple crops, oyster mushroom spawn, a spray mister, and a bonus gift of organic heirloom tomato seeds to grow with the composted mushroom kit. The Mushroom Farm is grown in the USA and is non GMO.

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Case studies along the transect

T1:

Natural Zone

T2:

Rural Zone

T3:

Sub-Urban Zone

Intervale Center Johnson’s Backyard Garden Homeless Garden Project Somerton Tanks Farm Verde Farm and Market

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Fleet Farming

T4:

General Urban Zone

T5:

Urban Center Zone

T6:

Urban Core Zone

Eagle St. Rooftop Farm Growing Power Allen St. Community Garden City Cycle Growers Urban Farming Guys Back to the Roots

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Additional reading Garden Cities: Theory & Practice of Agrarian Urbanism By: Andres Duany and DPZ Partners Published by: The Prince’s Foundation for the Built Environment, 2011 Agricultural Urbanism: Handbook for Building Sustainable Food & Agriculture Systems in 21st Century Cities By: Janine de la Salle & Mark Holland with contributors Published by: Green Frigate Books, 2010 Civic Agriculture: Reconnecting Farm, Food, and Community By: Thomas A. Lyson Published by: University Press of New England, 2004

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References Page 9

1. The Genographic Project. The Development of Agriculture. https:// genographic.national geographic.com/development-of-agriculture 2. http://world.time.com/2013/12/09/un-number-city-double

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3. Giang T, Karpyn A, Laurison HB, Hillier A, Perry RD. Closing the grocery gap in under served communities: the creation of the Pennsylvnia Fresh Food Financing Initiative. J Public Health Manag Pract. 14 (3):272279. doi:10.1097/01.PHH.0000316486.57512.bf

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4. Janine de la Salle, Mark Holland, et al. Agricultural Urbanism: Handbook for Building Sustainable Food & Agriculture Systems in 21st Century Cities. Green Frigate Books, 2010, 240-241.

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Duany, Andres and DPZ. Garden Cities: Theory & Practice of Agrarian Urbanism. Duany Plater-Zyberk & Co. and The Prince’s Foundation for the Built Environment, 2011, Print, 41.

Page 16-17

Duany, Andres and DPZ. Garden Cities: Theory & Practice of Agrarian Urbanism. Duany Plater-Zyberk & Co. and The Prince’s Foundation for the Built Environment, 2011, Print, (adapted from chart on page 43).

Page 20-21 http://www.intervale.org/about-us/history Annual Impact Report 2015: http://www.intervale.org/wp-content/up loads/SMALL_IntCntr_ImpactRpt2015_FINALreader.pdf Page 22-23 https://www.jbgorganic.com Page 24-25 http://www.homelessgardenproject.org

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http://www.somertontanksfarm.org

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http://www.spinfarming.com

Page 26-27 http://www.verdefarmandmarket.com Page 26-27 Verde Kitchen Café: “Farm and Away: Feasting on a 22-Acre Farm Down South.” Urban Daddy. 25 Aug. 2015. https://www.urbandaddy.com/mia/ food/35862/Verde_Kitchen_Cafe_Feasting_on_a_22_ Acre_Farm_ Down_South_Miami_MIA_Restaurant Urban Oasis Project: http://www.urbanoasisproject.org Page 28-33

http://fleetfarming.com

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http://citycyclegrowers.com

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http://www.somervillema.gov/departments/concom/gardens

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http://www.growingpower.org Vertical Farm: http://www.tkwa.com/growing-power-vertical-farm

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http://theurbanfarmingguys.com

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http://rooftopfarms.org

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https://backtotheroots.com

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Image and Icon Credits Page 11

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/566679565586866288

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Eusebio Azcue for DPZ Partners

Page 16-17 Chris Ritter for DPZ Partners

Page 20 Image 1: Photo by: Jessica Snipe http://www.intervale.org/what-we-do farms-program Icon 1: https://thenounproject.com/term/waste/207412

Icon 2: https://thenounproject.com/term/industrialized-farming/100395 Page 21

Image 1: http://www.intervale.org/get-involved Image 2: http://www.intervale.org/what-we-do/farms-program/ Photo

by Jessica Snipe

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Image 1: https://www.jbgorganic.com/blog/2016/10/first-friday-staffpicks-october-edition Image 2 and 3: https://www.jbgorganic.com/blog Photo by Scott David Gordon

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Image 1: https://www.jbgorganic.com/guide Icon 1: https://thenounproject.com/term/funds/546928 Icon 2: https://thenounproject.com/term/vegetables/649420 Icon 3: https://thenounproject.com/term/delivery/681670

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Image 1: Photo by: David Dennis http://homelessgardenproject.tumblr. com/image/136306654346

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Image 1: http://homelessgardenproject.tumblr.com/image/136302581096 Photo by: David Dennis

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Image 2: http://homelessgardenproject.tumblr.com Icon 1: https://thenounproject.com/term/safety-support/41337 Icon 2: https://thenounproject.com/term/certificate/531029 Icon 3: https://thenounproject.com/term/speaker/694953

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Image 1: https://farm1.staticflickr.com/46/193035422_81d10cfe15_b.jpg Icon 1: https://thenounproject.com/search/?q=vegetables&i=202714 Icon 2: https://thenounproject.com/search/?q=investment&i=24644 Icon 3: https://thenounproject.com/search/?q=garden&i=583207 Icon 4: https://thenounproject.com/search/?q=productivity++and+profit ability&i=429621

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Image 1: https://spinfarming.com/tips

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Image 1: https://www.urbandaddy.com/slideshow/mia/6098/Verde_ Kitchen_Cafe_Miami_MIA#!slide-7 Image 2: https://www.urbandaddy.com/slideshow/mia/6098/Verde_ Kitchen_Cafe_Miami_MIA#!slide-4 Icon 1: https://thenounproject.com/term/dish/400596 Icon 2: https://thenounproject.com/term/certificate/531029 Icon 3: https://thenounproject.com/term/speaker/694953

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Image 1: https://www.urbandaddy.com/mia/food/35862/Verde_Kitch en_Cafe_Feasting_on_a_22_Acre_Farm_Down_South_Miami_MIA_ Restaurant#!slide-2 Image 2: http://www.miamiherald.com/living/food-drink/arti cle33741687.html Image 3: http://www.urbanoasisproject.org/multimedia-gallery.html

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Image and Icon Credits Page 30

Image 1: http://fleetfarming.com/programs/fleet-farms Icon 1: https://thenounproject.com/search/?q=farm+house&i=625477 Icon 2: https://thenounproject.com/search/?q=bicycle+&i=155611 Icon 3: https://thenounproject.com/search/?q=farmers%20market%20 stands&i=13641

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Image 1: http://fleetfarming.com/programs/fleet-farms

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Image 1: http://fleetfarming.com/programs/fleet-garden-installations

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Image 1: http://fleetfarming.com/programs/fleet-education

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Image 1: http://citycyclegrowers.com Image 2: http://citycyclegrowers.com/cultivating-community Icon 1: https://thenounproject.com/search/?q=farm+house&i=625477 Icon 2: https://thenounproject.com/search/?q=bicycle+&i=155611 Icon 3: https://thenounproject.com/search/?q=farmers%20market%20 stands&i=13641

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Image 1: http://www.somervillema.gov/sites/default/files/2Allen_0.jpg Image 2: http://www.somervillema.gov/sites/default/files/3Allen_0.jpg Icon 1: https://thenounproject.com/term/waste/207412 Icon 2: https://thenounproject.com/search/?q=vegetables&i=202714

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Image 1: http://www.growingpower.org/about/leadership/will-allen

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Image 1: http://www.tkwa.com/growing-power-vertical-farm Icon 1: https://thenounproject.com/term/funds/546928 Icon 2: https://thenounproject.com/term/vegetables/649420 Icon 3: https://thenounproject.com/term/speaker/694953

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Image 1: https://www.facebook.com/UrbanFarmingGuys/photo/a.1961697 03748064.47656.148736628491372/1234600799904944/?type=3&theater

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Image 1: http://theurbanfarmingguys.com/projects/international-missions Image 2: http://theurbanfarmingguys.com/projects/lykins-farm Icon 1: https://thenounproject.com/term/stealing-car/683747 Icon 2: https://thenounproject.com/term/urban-farming/100393

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Image 1: http://rooftopfarms.org/volunteer Icon 1: https://thenounproject.com/term/greenhouse/651447 Icon 2: https://thenounproject.com/search/?q=bicycle+&i=155611 Icon 3: https://thenounproject.com/search/?q=farmers%20market%20 stands&i=13641

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Image 1: http://rooftopfarms.org/buy-produce/ Photo By: Jackie Snow

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Image 1: https://backtotheroots.com/pages/join-the-team Icon 1: https://thenounproject.com/term/jar-plant/312177 Icon 2: https://thenounproject.com/term/recipe/590522 Icon 3: https://thenounproject.com/term/speaker/694953

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Image 1: https://backtotheroots.com/mason-jar-gift-set Image 2: https://backtotheroots.com/watergarden Image 3: http://www.wholefoodsmarket.com/sites/default/files/media/ BTTR%205-23-140605.jpg

Page 44-45 Chris Ritter for DPZ Partners

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