Agriculture in n the Baix Ter bassin Joan B Bonany
Th Baix The B i Ter T Basin B i economy • GDP wise • • • •
Tourism (services) Construction Industry Agriculture A i l Agriculture
I d Industry
C Construction i
S i Services ( (tourism) i )
2008
2,60 %
10,00 %
18,80 %
68,60 %
1991
4,57 % 4,57 %
19,72 % 19,72 %
16,94 % 16,94 %
58,76 % 58,76 %
Idescat, Baix Empordà
GDP (i (in terms t off gros ss value l added) dd d) Agriculture
Industry
Construction
Services (tourism)
2008
2,60 %
10,00 %
18,80 %
68,60 %
1991
4,57 %
19,72 %
16,94 %
58,76 %
Idescat, Baix Empordà
• However, agriculture uses 55 % of the teerritory (farm land)
Characteristics of agrriculture in Baix Ter basin • Different units • Crop distribution • Farm structure • Infraestructure
DRY LAND DRY LAND ALLUVIAL PLANE RIVER BANKS
1
2 3
1
1
C Crop di t ib ti distribution • Climate • Mediterranean climate • Olives, grapes, cereals, … fruits • But Baix Ter is some how different
• Soils • Alluvial soils in the plane (entisols) • Older soils (inceptisols) in the (inceptisols) in the hills
• Market demand • Changing g g continouslyy • Agriculture is an economic activity • Common Agricultural Policy
B i Ter Baix T basin b i is i an ir irrigated i t d agriculture i lt 2008
1982
Irrigated 36%
Irrigated 47% Dryland 53%
t. Cens Agrari
Dryland 64%
Irrigated
Dryland
ntury: Irrigated land < 1% e: L’agricultura baixempordanesa a mitjans del segle XIX: producción agraria i usos del sòl. Enric Saguer
C Crop di t ib ti distribution Olive 2%
2008
Fruit Trees 12%
Olive 3%
Vineyard 0%
1982 Vineyard 0%
Wheat 18%
Fruit Trees 9%
Wheat 21%
Forage 14%
cat. Cens Agrari
Barley 22%
Barley 23%
Forage 33%
Corn 21% Oats 8%
Corn 7%
Oats 7%
century: Cereals 70%; Vineyard 20%, Olive trees 8% ce: L’agricultura baixempordanesa a mitjans del segle XIX: producción agraria i usos del sòl. Enric Saguer
C Commodities diti ($/bush ($/b hel) h l)
CORN
WHEAT
Serra P 2006 Do Anàl Geo 2006 Serra, P. 2006. Doc. Anàl. Geog., 2006
F Farm structure t t • Farm size • Small Small farm farm size • Evolution to larger farms
• More bussiness More bussiness oriented • Farmer as a business man • Added Add d value l
• Integration in the value‐chain • Fruit as an example
• More capital demanding
F Farm structure t t (B i Empordà) (Baix E dà) YEAR
TOTAL
LIVESTO OCK
Farms # 2009
Surface (ha) 947
26345
1999
1335
1989 1982
Farms #
WITHOUT LIVESTOCK Surface (ha)
Farms #
Surface (ha)
349
11099
598
15245
40673
678
16826
657
23847
2427
40115
1170
21324
1257
18795
16 36 H /f 16,36 Ha/farm 2879
47090
64 % 1841 64 %
27513
1038
19581
27,81 Ha/farm
37 %
S ll farm Small f size i
I f t t Infrastructure • Irrigation channels • Communications • Research and extension (innovation stream) • Agrofood industry
I i ti Irrigation • Old infrastructures • Medieval Medieval irrigation irrigation channels • Originally to supply water to mills
• New irrigation New irrigation infrastructure • Higher efficiency • Buried B i d pipe i
From: Marta Payeró in a Anna Ribas
I f t t Infrastructure • Irrigation channels • Communications • Research and extension (innovation stream) • Agrofood industry
A i lt Agriculture i evolutio in l tion • Agriculture is not at all static (like any a other sector) • Two historical examples: • Local: Phylloxera • Fruit trees: Apple production from 1960 0’s
• On going example: • Agriculture and livestock
Vi i (vectors Vision ( t off cha hange – or unchange) h ) • Markets • Globalization • Global trends, global markets l b l d l b l k
• Abiotic stresses (climate change) • Biotic stresses • Pest and disease threats (example of kiw wi fruit – PSA disease)
• European p regulation g ((common agricu g ultural policy) p y) • New CAP regulation after 2014
• Impact of sociological changes • Organic • Slow food • km 0, carbon km 0, carbon foot print, water print, water foot printt