BMW TechDrive: February 2008

BMW TechDrive Magazine

TechDrive Volume 5 Number 1

00 TechDrive

Welding

For independent BMW service professionals

February 2008

04

Sound Systems

08

14

Evap Diagnosis

Brakes

25

Dealer Listing

27

The Ultimate Driving Machine速

To our readers, What could be more useful to independent service technicians who work on BMWs than a publication dedicated specifically to them?

That's the idea behind the magazine you're holding, TechDrive. BMW of North America both sponsors the publication and provides much of the information that's included. A big part of the rationale behind TechDrive. is the belief that if you are able to diagnose, repair and maintain BMW vehicles properly and efficiently, your reputation and ours will be enhanced.

TechDrive. 's combination of feature service articles (written from both BMW tech information and interviews with successful independent BMW specialists), new technical developments, systems evolution, as well as the correct BMW replacement part, and service bulletins are intended to help you fix that BMW right the first time, on time.

Our list of BMW dealers will assist you in finding Original BMW Parts.

There's more to this effort, including highly-informative and user-friendly web sites, which we'll explain in future issues.

We want to make TechDrive. the most useful and interesting technical magazine you receive, and you can help us do that.

Please email us at editor@techdrivemag.com and let us know what topics you'd like to see covered, and provide any other comments you might have. With your involvement, this publication can evolve into one of your most important tools.

Thanks for your continued interest.

For more information please email us at: editor@techdrivemag.com

Contents 04 Welding Strictness and It’s Importance Here at BMW our vehicles may not cost $4.5 billion dollars each like an aircraft carrier, but our customers’ safety is priceless. Make sure your welds have integrity!

08 Managing the Airwaves: BMW Radios Radios have become computer controlled entertainment systems capable of interfacing with other control units and bi-directional control. Let’s see where this takes us.

12 What If It’s Not The Gas Cap? Cover Photo: Welding in the stabilizer bearing

Very often, an illuminated MIL and an EVAP code are due to nothing more mysterious than the driver neglecting to tighten the gas cap.

TechDrive Volume 5 Number 1 February 2008 A Publication For The Independent BMW Service Professional Group Publisher Christopher M. Ayers, Jr. cayers@cmacomm.com Senior Project Director Tamra Ayers tayers@cmacomm.com Editorial Director Bob Freudenberger bfreud@cmacomm.com Technical Writers Wade Nelson wnelson@cmacomm.com Kerry Jonnson kjonnson@cmacomm.com BMW Project Manager Don Chamberlain don.chamberlain@bmwna.com

BMWs use a "saddle" gas tank.

What happens with the gasoline that evaporates inside?

Art Director Jef Sturm jsturm@cmacomm.com Production Manager Devon Ayers dayers@cmacomm.com Circulation Manager Joann Turner jturner@cmacomm.com

25 Brake Hydraulics: Fluid Flushing and BMW Requirements Why do brake fluid changes? For several good reasons. Corrosion and contamination of that intricate and expensive ABS and DSC hardware is to be strenuously avoided.

List Consultant NFocus

TechDrive is a publication sponsored by BMW of North America, LLC. No part of this newsletter may be reproduced without the express written permission of BMW of North America, LLC. Editorial and Circulation Offices: Akron, Ohio 44333.

Caution: Vehicle servicing performed by untrained persons could result in serious injury to those persons or others. Information contained in this newsletter is intended for use by trained, professional auto repair technicians ONLY. This information is pro-

27 Original BMW Parts... Nearby Wherever you are in the United States, there’s a nearby source of Original BMW Parts for your customers’ BMW vehicles.

vided to inform these technicians of conditions which may occur in some vehicles or to provide information which could assist them in proper servicing of these vehicles. Properly trained technicians have the equipment, tools, safety instructions, and know-how to perform repairs correctly and safely. If a condition is described, DO NOT assume that a topic covered in these pages automatically applies to your vehicle or that your vehicle has that condition. BMW of North America, LLC, the BMW name and BMW logo are registered trademarks of BMWAG.

FEATURE

Welding Strictness and

“Faulty welds spur inspection of 7 more ships” was the headline for the Navy News on December 18, 2007. The article covered the need for the U.S. Navy to inspect at least seven more new ships, including the $4.5 billion aircraft carrier George H. W. Bush that was commissioned in October, 2006. Mike Petters, sector president for Newport News where the ship was built mentioned that the “welding discrepancies” would delay the sea trials. “The matter is a technical issue that has called into question the discipline of our processes. We are also 04 TechDrive

putting into place a rigorous set of corrective actions that include mandatory training for each and every welder and every welding foreman. What really matters the most to me is that we conduct our business with the highest level of integrity…in support of America’s freedom!”

Now that we have answered your question as to why BMW certifies and de-certifies welders, and stresses the importance of training and certification, let us take a look at the entire welding process and what BMW recommends.

Its Importance begin grinding the sheet metal where you will be welding. Clamp the panel together, light up the torch and begin stick welding the panel into place, all the time trying to reduce heat to not warp the sheet metal.

Move ahead to the late 1970s and a new type of welder becomes the talk of the industry: the “MIG welder”, or Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW). MIG welding is a process that joins metals by heating them with an arc. The arc is between a continuously-fed filler metal (consumable) electrode and the workpiece.

Decades ago, if you were a skilled craftsman you could get away with old-fashioned welding methods. Not anymore.

A summary of welding these past 40 years or so It is 1965 and the vehicle you are repairing requires a new quarter panel. You quickly summon the counter person to pull your parts while you head over to the corner to “unbury” the welding torches, stumbling at the same time on the spot welding unit. Not having much luck in the past and fearful of the shock you may receive from the spot welding unit, you roll the set of torches over to your stall. You then take your grinder out with #36 grit sandpaper and

Today, squeeze-type resistant spot welders/resistance pressure spot welders must be used on BMW vehicles to assure a factory-like weld and avoid heat distortion.

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WELDING

Externally-supplied gas or gas mixtures provide shielding. Metal is deposited only when the wire actually touches the work. No metal is transferred across the arc. MIG welders continued to become easier to use, to require less maintenance, and to be more cost effective and more adaptable to various types of welds.

Late in the nineties, squeeze-type resistant spot welders/resistance pressure spot welders make their debut in North America, producing cleaner, better, factory-like spot welds with limited heat displacement. Within the next couple of years, power conversion and duty cycles are improved making the tool more attractive to collision repairers, and demand increases for the new welders.

BMW's CurrentlyRecommended Welders Car-O-Liner CR600

Resistance Pressure Spot Welding (RPSW) – the reasons The metals being used in today’s vehicles continue to change at a rapid rate. As auto manufacturers continue looking for lightweight, fuel efficient and safe vehicle designs, the advances in various steel and other metal types will continue. RPSW delivers the appropriate weld needed while limiting the heat levels to the area of the weld and maintaining the molecular makeup of the advanced steels. For example, mild steel has a tensile strength of around 180200 N/mm2. Compared that to today’s best steels at around 1,500 N/mm2.

Today’s RPSW continually monitors the unit while the welding process is being performed, reducing user error and insuring proper weld characteristics. On-board microprocessors and electrical current technologies provide the user with a more accurate, consistent and repeatable spot weld, resulting in assured quality of workmanship. Pre-programmed spot welding is becoming more popular with these units to ensure that vehicle repairs match OEM specifications, thus returning the vehicles to “pre-loss condition.” As metals continue to advance, demand expectations for RPSW will continue accordingly.

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Car-O-Liner understands that collision repair facilities are different, which is why its CR600 welder will “sense” if your voltage is low and adjust itself so that the power time is extended, thus ensuring that your welds are of proper quality. It also features programs that can be set to vehicle manufacturer specifications so you can be sure that your weld is not any stronger or weaker than it was originally, but rather the way it was designed to be. Car-O-Liner understands that any deviation would jeopardize the vehicle's crashworthiness should it be involved in another collision, all of which makes it worthy of a BMW recommendation. The Car-O-Liner CR600 also allows the veteran welder to adjust the electrical current and time length for those unforeseen uses.

Celette Midispot QSVM9000

The Celette Midispot also senses if your line voltage is low and adjusts itself accordingly.

Its programs can also be set to vehicle manufacturer specifications, making sure that your weld is of the strength the designer intended, which maintains crashworthiness. In addition, the Celette Midispot also allows manual adjustment.

Elektron – Multispot MI-100 Control One of the characteristics that this welder offers is the ability to measure, record and analyze every weld, and provide a printout for your records.

Approved manufacturer repair facilities can access information from a manufacturer like BMW to prevent improper settings that result in inferior welds. The Elektron Multispot MI-100 Control welder also produces consistently accurate spot welds by using a microprocessor to control current and the welding time. It also allows the veteran welder to manually adjust controls, and will record this data.

Vehicle E93 - 3 Series E70 - X5 E64-6 Series Convertible

In all three recommended welders you will quickly see common themes: water cooling, programmability, and controllability so that vehicles are repaired in a way that assures passengers safety.

Below is the matrix (updated March, 2007) for RPSW equipment that is currently approved by BMW and is either “Recommended” or “No longer recommended”

Repair Procedure Sample spot welds should be performed on separate scrap pieces with destructive test procedures being performed (peel, chisel and twist testing). All surfaces being welded together should have paint removed, be free of contamination and panels should be clamped. Inspect all welds after completion making sure that there are no welds contacting the panel edges, no pin holes, and that the weld surface is smooth.

Here at BMW our vehicles may not cost $4.5 billion dollars each like an aircraft carrier, but our customers’ safety is priceless. Make sure your welds have integrity!

Group 1 OK to use EXCEPT on A-Pillar & Rocker Areas OK to use EXCEPT on B-Pillar OK to use EXCEPT on A-Pillar, B-Pillar & Rocker areas

Group 2 OK to use on ALL areas OK to use on All areas OK to use on ALL areas

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FEATURE

Managing the Airwaves:

BMW Radios Change is a part of life. Radios have become computer controlled entertainment systems capable of interfacing with other control units and bi-directional control.

When scrolling through the display and you see this, you can change between multiple regions such as Europe and U.S. Use the number keys to select your region, then press the plus or minus key to move on to the next feature.

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There is more to a radio these days than just punching in the anti-theft code. Since ’93, BMW has been adding features to automotive entertainment systems -- push-button control panel interfaces, road-speed dependent volume control, self-diagnostics, BUS communication, etc.

Sometimes service may include resetting or adjusting these various features. For a decade and a half, BMW has advanced technology in vehicle entertainment.

Worldwide Radios in the U.S. Starting with the ‘93/’94 3-Series, BMW’s Bavaria C Business RDS radio features could be changed through the radio head push buttons.

In order to do this, you needed to get the radio into “Service” mode. It has to be in FM mode, and you may have to put it in FM mode, shut off the ignition key, and turn it back on again.

Immediately push the star button followed by the 1 and 4 buttons together (for more information see Technical Bulletin SI B650704, which you can find in TIS on www.bmwcenternet.com).

The word “Service” should pop up on the

display. You can scroll up and down using the Seek Up and Seek Down buttons. If you get the word “Region” displayed, you can change from European to USA and back again by using the preset number buttons (USA is #2). To exit the service mode, just shut off the radio. The radio’s anti-theft code is not available in the radio service mode.

In ’95, the 3-Series convertible, 325iS and the ’96 BMW Z3 received the upgraded Bavaria C radios with new features such as road-speed dependent volume control (GAL) and traffic broadcast volume increase (TP). In the event of improper radio operation, a self-diagnostic feature, with trouble codes, was added through the push-button interface. In these applications, the Bavaria C radio had a few variations in its capabilities. The Business RDS remained chock full of features. To view these features, turn the ignition key on and immediately press the star key, then press the number 8 and 0 together. You are now in service mode. Using the radio station preset buttons, you can select from one of seven modes as follows: Button #1 responds with “SYN,” which allows you to set synthesizer

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RADIOS

levels, button #2 gets you "ADW," which is the status of the A/D converters, button #3 gives you volume, tone and fader setting in decibels, button #4 is the LCD test where all of the segments on the LCD should illuminate. If you scroll using the arrow keys such as “<” and “>,” you can get various patterns off the LEDs, button #5 pulls up "GAL" mode in the Professional RDS radio, otherwise known as “Road Speed Dependant Loudness Control.” The factory setting is the number two but you can adjust the increase to any one of three rates. Rate #1 is a minimal increase, #2 is medium, and #3 is the loudest increase. This only applies through the 2000 model year. For New Generation radios, the GAL function has six levels, and is set differently.

In the Professional radio (w/o RDS), button #5

causes the "TAB" feature to be displayed, which are frequency readings. Button #6 is the serial number and programming level for the RDS. For the non-RDS, this is the GAL feature explained earlier. Button #7 for the RDS represents "NAT" regional settings for radio station frequencies.

On the non-RDS model, button #7 displays the serial numbers and programming level.

Where possible once you pick a service mode, you can scroll through options using the arrow keys again. Then, pick your selection. To save your new setting simply press the same button as the mode you just entered. To exit service mode, just push the “0” button.

If you have a cassette integrated into the radio, you are working on the lower-end model. Only three features are included. By pressing buttons #2 and #5 together for four seconds, you enter

Model RDS Non-RDS

Button #1 SYN SYN

Button #2 ADW ADW

Button #3 NF NF

Button #4 LCD LCD

Model RDS Non-RDS

Button #5 GAL TAB

Button #6 SN GAL

Button #7 Region-NAT SN

Button #0 End End

GAL mode allows you to adjust the increase in volume as road speed goes up. Road speed is received from the instrument cluster.

On early models, you had choices one through three. Newer models have choices one through four.

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service mode with an “S” in the display.

Pressing the “VF” button yields “Traffic Broadcast Volume Increase” (TB). Select radio station preset number one through five, one being the smallest volume increase and five being the loudest. After entering service mode, you can hold down the button #3 for a few seconds and you will be rewarded with GAL mode. In service mode, try hitting the “M” button and you can now access the “Station Signal Strength” mode (local and long distance reception).

Everybody Get on the Bus Also in ’96, the high-end cars such as the 7-Series had two high-fidelity options known as “Hi-Fi” and “Hi-Fi w/DSP.” The DSP (Digital Sound Processing) version had a separate LCD for equalizer display, or this was displayed through the “On-Board Monitor” display. Either with or without the on-board display, a new capability was added to the system, known as the “I-Bus.” The introduction of the I-Bus data lines allows all the components to communicate with one another along with other control units such as the IKE (instrument cluster), navigation system, and the vehicle telephone system.

Steering wheel controls were added, and these could be monitored via the self-diagnostic system. This mean the GT1 was added to the arsenal when it came to entertainment system problems. Unfortunately, this also added complexity to reinitiating systems when the battery went dead. Updating software was now added to the possible list of repairs. At this time, it was accomplished by first replacing the radio.

With software versions becoming so important, BMW made sure the information was available through the radio. Try holding down the “WB” (Weather Band) button with the ignition key on and the service mode will give you radio serial number, production date, DSP communication, GAL mode (now with options 1 through 4) and Station Signal Strength modes.

The steering wheel switches control volume, radio station selection and voice activation.

The benefits include hands-on the wheel operation so the driver is not distracted looking for a knob. However, this does add some features that one day may have to be diagnosed.

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RADIOS

Brave New World For the 2001 model year, a New Generation of multi-information radios (MIR) debuted in the Z8. These represented more features, more communication possibilities and more diagnostic complexity. As well as scan-tool data, the push-button interface would still get you into service mode. With four different radio configurations, you had four different methods to get into service mode. The "Base" radio (display screen in radio) needed you to turn the ignition key on, quickly turn the radio on and hold down the “M” button for a few seconds. When you released the button, a service number, “SN#”, would be displayed on the screen. You can then use the “+” and “-“ buttons to scroll through the service functions as follows: SN#, software version, GAL setting, radio signal strength, DSP equipped, TP (NA in U.S.A.), AF (NA in USA), region and revision index, in that order.

MIR radios have a separate display screen used for Navigation, telephone and, of course, audio functions. Here you have to turn the MIR on and quickly apply the “Set” button. You get the same service mode as on the other radios, but you have to use the arrow keys to change the category. If the vehicle has an “On-Board Monitor,” you have to press and hold the “RDS” button after turning the unit on. The on-board monitor is identified by its black and white screen. With the wide-screen board monitor (color display), start with the “Info” button, select “RDS” on the screen and hold the control knob down for 10 seconds.

One function of note on these new radios is the personality feature. This uses the vehicle's remote to identify who is getting into the vehicle.

Radio station settings are saved for that remote.

If a different remote is used, then its different radio station settings are displayed. Keep this in mind when diagnosing radio station reset problems. You could waste a lot of time trying to check for battery power loss when the problem was actually due to different key remotes being used.

MOST

This service number shows that you are in service mode. It is often the first screen that comes up after entering this mode.

From here, you can scroll through the categories using the plus and minus buttons, or the arrow buttons to the right.

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Starting with the new E65, or 7-Series, the MOST bus handled all sound generation for the entire vehicle. Radio, navigation requests and warning chimes are all in the MOST system. At the center of MOST is the “Acoustic System Controller,” or ASK. The ASK module controls everything from turning units on and off to retaining self-diagnostic trouble codes. When you plug in your GT1 scan tool, this is the module you communicate with for codes and data. It also coordinates the importance of audio output. In other words, it will override a radio station song with navigation instructions and override that with warning indicators such as “Parking Distance Control.” The MOST system still has a service mode and a good set of instructions is found in Service Information Bulletin SI # B 650704.

TechDrive 13

FEATURE RADIOS

What If It's Not

Very often, an illuminated MIL and an EVAP code are due to nothing more mysterious than the driver neglecting to tighten the gas cap. That's hardly the whole story, though.

EVA P codes are some of the most common causes If you donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have such a program in your area now, ju EVAP system is sometimes difficult to find. Here's ho 14 TechDrive

The Gas Cap? Since 1996, OBD II has required that fuel storage systems be checked for leaks so that no errant hydrocarbons will escape to pollute our atmosphere. Well, between fuel’s Reed Vapor Pressure and temperature fluctuations between cool fuel in the tank and heated return line fuel, this is no walk in the park. Add the difficulty of running the monitor to test for fuel tank leakage and you know by now how difficult it is to diagnose one of these codes. The call two weeks later informing you that the light is back on doesn’t help either. Here is a look at the different systems BMW uses to monitor tank leakage and some testing methods that may boost your confidence in your diagnosis.

In The Beginning BMW was ready to check for leaks in its Evaporative Emissions System (EVAP) in 1996 with program HC II. Federal EVAP emissions regulations were not that strict early on, so non-enhanced systems were allowed. You could consider BMW’s first system nonenhanced. These vehicles were known as Transitional Low Emissions Vehicles or TLEV. You can determine what EVAP system you have by knowing the engine management system.

TLEV vehicles use MS41.1 systems.

– Continued on page 18

of state emissions inspection failures. st wait. One is on the way. And a leak in the w to diagnose BMW's versions.

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EVAPORATOR

You can smoke any year system to check for leaks.

Here the gas cap seal is missing, allowing smoke to leak past. Notice that the tether is cut. A BMW Technical Service Bulletin warns about these tethers getting caught between the filler neck and the cap. â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Continued from page 15

A rundown of the components starts with the fuel tank itself. Second would be the Activated Charcoal Canister, which has a shut-off valve mounted on it. This valve is sometimes referred to as the Carbon Canister Valve in diagrams.

The next component is the Liquid Vapor Separator that has a Fuel Tank Pressure (FTP) sensor mounted in it. The job of this separator is to capture fuel vapors during refueling. Finally, there's the actual Canister Purge solenoid. With the system purging normally, the shut-off valve is open allowing air into the canister. The purge solenoid is commanded open and gasoline vapors are drawn out of the canister as well as 18 TechDrive

the liquid/vapor separator. Before the test, the DME control unit monitors the fuel tank pressure sensor signal voltage.

To test the purge system, both the canister purge solenoid and the shut-off valve are closed. The FTP reads the resulting increase in pressure in the system. If the pressure increase is below a specific threshold, the testing continues. If the pressure increase is too high, then the fuel temperature is probably too high also and the monitor is abandoned. If the pressure is right, the purge solenoid is opened and the resulting pressure drop is read, the purge function is deemed okay. Once the

purge valve is switched off, the DME expects to see an increase in the pressure. If not, the DME determines that there is a leak. Finally, the shut-off valve is turned off allowing venting to resume (valve closes when energized). By alternating between purging and not purging, and monitoring the FTP change over time, OBD II checks for proper purge operation along with leak detection. Solenoid operation and sensor signal voltage are critical to proper monitor operation.

Evolution, or Revolution In 1998, BMW started to phase in the next generation of leak detection systems. With the next evolution of the DME, version MS42, it had to be able to differentiate between a leak of .5mm for being "Low Emissions Vehicle" or LEV compliant. These systems are different from their predecessors. This system uses pressure

to determine if a leak is present. Once again, a brief rundown of the components is necessary.

Of course, we still have a gas tank and charcoal canister. We also have the liquid vapor separator, but the fuel tank pressure sensor has been deleted. It has been replaced by another component called the Leak Detection Pump (LDP). This unit applies a slight amount of pressure to the evaporative emissions system, and the DME monitors a pressure switch inside LDP. The pressure switch indicates the pressure built up in the EVAP system. If a substantial leak is present, the pressure switch will quickly indicate that to the DME, which will flag a large leak code. If it takes longer for the pressure to drop, the DME will set a small leak code. To pass the leak check, the pressure switch needs to indicate that the pressure is maintained for at least 1.5 minutes. With the Federal Test Program (FTP) regulations getting tighter on EVAP, the systems had to continue evolving to allow even lower emission vehicles.

Here, we've removed a cover to expose the charcoal canister. In this model, the DMTL is mounted on the canister.

Most of the EVAP system is easily accessed for smoke testing.

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EVAPORATOR

History Repeating Getting ready for the 2001 model year, BMW introduced the next phase of EVAP leak detection. The new system is referred to as Diagnostic Module -- Tank Leakage (DMTL).

This debuted on the 3.0L engine using DME version MS43 and meets the new requirements for Ultra Low Emissions Vehicles (ULEV). It uses an electric air pump assembly. In the normal state, the valves are open to the atmosphere and fresh air is allowed into the EVAP system.

After the vehicle is shut off, the pump is energized and forces air through a .5mm orifice.

The DMTL monitors and records the amp draw of the motor. Then, a valve switches over and the pump is activated again, but now pumps air into the EVAP system. If the current draw is the same, the DMTL determines there must be a .5mm leak in the system, which indicates a small leak. If the current draw is lower, then there must be very little pressure built up in the system, which indicates a large leak. If the amperage draw is higher, there must be greater pressure in the system, which means no leaks are present. This is a sophisticated system, and, as a result, it is very difficult to test.

When There Is a Fire, What Do You See? So, how are we going to test these various systems for leaks? Generally, EVAP is tested with very small amounts of vacuum or pressure.

Special test equipment is required for measuring and monitoring the subtle changes. After over ten years of implementation, the subject of testing EVAP is still up for debate. You may not find your test method here, but if it works for you keep doing it. We realize not every shop has the high-dollar test equipment to monitor the pressures in the system. Even if you do, this will not tell you where the leak is, just that you have one.

Since we already have the diagnostic monitor of the vehicle to tell us there is a leak and the GT1 is capable of running the monitor, we are going to focus on finding the leak and testing 20 TechDrive

individual components starting with the early systems that use the Fuel Tank Pressure sensor mounted in the liquid/vapor separator. The FTP should read over 4.50V DC at sea level, normal atmospheric pressure. When a vacuum is drawn, the voltage may go as low as .5V. Remember, vacuum is not measured in inches of mercury here, but in millimeters of water, which reflects a much weaker vacuum.

After checking simple things like the gas cap, you can quickly determine if you have a leak.

Manually close the shut-off solenoid, activate the purge solenoid and monitor the FTP signal voltage. Deactivate the purge solenoid and the EVAP system should be completely closed.

Continue to watch the FTP signal voltage and see if it drops. If it does, you have a leak.

One of the best ways to look for a leak is with a smoke machine. Not just any smoke machine, either -- it must be EVAP safe. Since these devices burn oil to produce smoke, care must be taken to assure that fuel vapors don't enter the machine. Also, it is not recommended that you pressurize the EVAP system to over 0.1 BAR (1.5 psi) as you might damage it. A flowmeter incorporated into the tool is also very useful to determine if there is a leak. Bright lighting will help you see the small wisps of smoke seeping out of the leak.

Remember, smoke will only reveal an external leak. For example, if the shut-off solenoid is not closing properly, you will see smoke leaking out of it. However, if the purge solenoid is not closing properly you will not see any external smoke.

Also remember to disconnect the intake side of the canister purge solenoid so you can see the smoke. Another option is to energize the shutoff solenoid and see if the FTP signal voltage drops before opening the canister purge solenoid. If the signal voltage drops, then the purge solenoid must be stuck open. The resistance of the purge solenoid is about 28 ohms. In order to flag a code for this solenoid, the DME expects to see a rich/lean switch when the solenoid is open. If it is not satisfied with the mixture change, then it will pulse the solenoid on and off and watch for an rpm change at idle.

Here, the smoke tool is connected to the DMTL at the fresh air filter connection as recommended.

1. Quick Connect Adaptor 2. Clear Hose 3. Smoke application hose/adaptor TechDrive 21

EVAPORATOR

Leak Detection Pump

You can monitor the amperage draw of the canister purge solenoid to see if it is stuck or sticking.

The top trace in this photo indicates the voltage command by the DME during activation test mode. The lower trace indicates the current pattern. With 100mv equaling 1 amp, you're looking at about .5 amp.

22 TechDrive

This system does not have an FTP, so we cannot monitor its signal voltage. We can monitor the switch mounted in the LDP, but the signal will either be battery voltage or ground, neither of which is precise enough to indicate a leak. It is more important that we watch the switch input over a specific time period to indicate if there is a leak or not. In the normal state, the lower chamber of the LDP is open allowing fresh air into the canister. Very often after a cold start, the DME energizes the LDP solenoid with an on/off command. When the LDP is commanded on, the internal diaphragm forming the upper chamber is pulled up drawing air into the lower chamber and closing the vent. When the solenoid is de-energized, an internal spring forces down the lower chamber and the vacuum in the upper chamber is bled through the balance tube to the vent. Also, the air drawn into the lower chamber is forced out into the evaporative system creating a positive pressure.

This on/off pulsing of the LDP solenoid generates a pressure in the EVAP system. The normally open (12V) LDP switch closes under the pressure (0V) and stays there until the pressure starts to drop. The switch will toggle back and forth as the pressure decreases in the system. If the switching ends early, it is determined that there is a large leak. If the switching carries on long enough, then no significant leak is detected. You can check the function of the LDP switch easily by running the engine and monitoring the signal voltage on the switch and energizing the LDP solenoid. The switch voltage should change from 12V to ground. If you are using smoke to fill the system, you will need to close the vent. Activating the LDP solenoid while the engine is off will not close the vent, so you have to supply your own vacuum source to the LDP.

Here is a Boschmanufactured LDP. Monitor the switch input while the engine is running and the LDP solenoid is activated.

You should see the voltage change from 12 to 0 volts.

The best way to run this monitor is with cold starts and warm-up times of over three minutes.

DM-TL As already mentioned, this system first appeared in 2001 vehicles with DME version MS 43 and the 3.0L engine. Eventually, it was phased into all vehicles. This system is much more difficult to test than its predecessors. The variations in amperage draw are small. However, if the motor amperage is abnormally high, this indicates the motor may be locked up or debris has entered the reference orifice. Like the LDP, the DMTL unit is the vent for the system, so you must close the vent to use smoke detection.

This can be done with the GT1, or by manually grounding the vent switchover solenoid in the DMTL unit. Once again, the canister purge solenoid needs to be checked for proper closing.

You can also check this by simply applying vacuum to a closed solenoid and seeing if any vacuum is found on the other side.

To assist in vapor management while refueling, an Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery (ORVR) valve is included, which allows tank fumes to be drawn into a chamber in the gas stationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fuel filler nozzle. The running of the monitor for this involves extended idling of around five minutes, particularly before engine shutdown.

Mode $06 OBD II requirements include Mode $06 (sometimes referred to as Component Parameters) for evaluating monitor performance.

Using a generic scan tool, you can access Mode

TechDrive 23

EVAPORATOR

Going to the BMW technical website (www.bmwtechinfo.com) will give you access to the Mode $06 tables for component and test IDs. Knowing which test failed will help you to determine what the cause is. $06 data after a code has set. Once you see an EVAP code, do not just clear it. While in Mode $06 scroll to the proper component and test ID. A table of these component and test IDs is available on the BMW technical website. Test ID #5 represents the EVAP monitor scores. They are often given in hexadecimal form, so you may have to use a hexadecimal conversion calculator (found in MS Windows XP), or learn the various scales used and what they mean. You will be given a maximum and minimum value and a measured value. If either the maximum or mini24 TechDrive

mum values are passed, a code may set if enabling criteria (such as coolant temp, ambient air temp, fuel level, etc.) are met.

Finally . . .

EVAP testing and running the EVAP monitor are some of the most difficult diagnostic dilemmas facing any technician. We hope you are now armed with the knowledge and ability to tackle these elusive problems.

FEATURE

Brake Hydraulics: Fluid Flushing and BMW Requirements Another item that is very helpful in raising customer awareness is an electronic brake fluid tester.

These inexpensive strips are a strong sales tool for fluid flushing.

Why do brake fluid changes? For several good reasons. Corrosion and contamination of that intricate and expensive ABS and DSC hardware is to be strenuously avoided. Another factor is the elevated operating temperatures encountered in the high-performance braking systems BMW uses, which makes maintaining a high boiling point critical to safety.

In the U.S., this is a relatively new service item that the average motorist has never heard of.

So you'll need a good approach if you're going to convince him or her to have it done and thus save big bucks in the long run. First, pull the owner's manual out of the glove compartment and show the customer where it appears on the service interval chart. Explain how disastrously expensive internal corrosion can be. Also, you might want to keep those "Wet Check" brake fluid test strips handy, which you can staple to the repair order, or you could invest in an electronic moisture detector.

Many pieces of equipment designed to make this job fast and simple are on the market.

Or, you could do it manually. Regardless, just make sure never to let the master cylinder run dry in the process or you'll have to bleed all four corners over again.

Then there's brake fluid itself. Modern DOT 4

glycol is excellent because it has a high boiling point and the ability to hold lots of moisture.

BMW specifically warns against the use of DOT 5 silicone because it has serious -- and dangerous -- drawbacks in terms of seal life and water slugging.

BMW has published the following on what it requires in its vehicles: "Brake fluid, (glycol-based) as used in BMW brake systems, must conform with the following requirements: • High boiling point • Good low temperature resistance • Low compressibility • Corrosion inhibition for all metal parts inside of brake system • Compatibility with all rubber parts used in brake system These requirements are fulfilled by reputable brand name DOT 4 brake fluids."

But why not keep your customer's vehicles all BMW? While you're buying pads, rotors and other brake parts from your local dealer, add BMW-branded DOT 4 brake fluid and you'll be sure you're giving your patrons the right stuff.

TechDrive 25

It's more than a part. It's a promise.

At BMW of North America, we stand behind the quality of Original BMW Parts with a powerful 24 month warranty with no limitation of mileage within that time frame.

Our promise to you is that Original BMW Parts are identical to those used in production, offering the same superior quality and reliability. You only get one chance at a first repair.

Choose the parts you can trust. Choose Original BMW Parts.

Original BMW Parts

Wholesale Parts Sales Support

The Ultimate Driving Machine速

Your Original BMW Parts Source ALASKA Anchorage BMW OF Anchorage 907.646.7500 Fax 907.646.7548

ALABAMA Huntsville Century BMW 256.536.3800 Fax 256.533.0670 Irondale Tom Williams Imports 205.252.9512 Fax 205.323.0092 Mobile Grady BMW 251.476.0132 Fax 251.479.0992

Concord BMW Concord 925.682.3577 Fax 925.671.4067

San Luis Obispo Coast BMW 805.543.4423 Fax 805.543.7669

Darien Continental BMW of Darien 203.656.1804 Fax 203.656.1802

El Cajon Cunningham BMW 619.442.8888 Fax 619.440.3876

San Mateo Peter Pan BMW 650.349.9077 Fax 650.349.0148

Greenwich BMW of Greenwich 203.661.1725 Fax 203.869.2707

San Rafael Sonnen BMW 415.482.2000 Fax 415.482.2020

Hartford New Country Motor Cars, Inc. 860.522.6134 Fax 860.549.8667

Elk Grove Niello BMW Elk Grove 916.687.9000 Fax 916.687.9099 Encinitas BMW Encinitas 760.753.6301 Fax 760.944.6749 Escondido Brecht BMW 760.745.3000 Fax 760.745.2180 Eureka BMW of Humboldt Bay 707.443.4871 Fax 707.443.7808

Montgomery BMW of Montgomery 334.279.6955 Fax 334.272.0023

Fremont BMW of Fremont 510.360.5912 Fax 510.360.5912

Tuscaloosa Townsend BMW 205.345.9811 Fax 205.345.1701

Fresno Weber BMW 559.447.6700 Fax 559.447.6705

ARKANSAS

Glendale Pacific BMW 818.246.5600 Fax 818.246.8261

Santa Ana Crevier BMW 714.835.3171 Fax 714.568.1148 Santa Barbara BMW of Santa Barbara 805.682.2000 Fax 805.563.9158 Santa Clara Stevens Creek BMW 408.249.9070 Fax 408.296.0675 Santa Maria BMW of Santa Maria 805.928.7744 Fax 805.449.9126

New London BMW of New London 860.447.3141 Fax 860.447.8159 North Haven BMW of North Haven 203.239.7272 Fax 203.234.9502 Ridgefield Ridgefield BMW 203.438.0471 Fax 203.431.7821 Watertown BMW of Watertown 860.274.7515 Fax 860.274.7714

Santa Monica Santa Monica BMW 310.829.3535 Fax 310.828.4598

DELAWARE

Irvine Irvine BMW 888.842.2418 Fax 949.382.8140

Santa Rosa Prestige Imports 707.545.6602 Fax 707.523.2600

Milford I. G. Burton BMW 302.424.3042 Fax 302.424.6450

Rogers BMW of Northwest Arkansas 479.636.4155 Fax 479.631.7803

Los Angeles Nick Alexander Imports 323.583.1901 Fax 323.588.9985

Seaside BMW of Monterey 831.899.5555 Fax 831.899.0957

Wilmington Union Park BMW 302.658.7245 Fax 302.573.5201

ARIZONA

Modesto Valley BMW 209.575.0269 Fax 209.550.2633 Monrovia Assael BMW of Monrovia 626.358.4269 Fax 626.358.2325

Sherman Oaks Center BMW 818-990-9518 Fax 818-933-6978

FLORIDA

Little Rock BMW of Little Rock 501.224.3200 Fax 501.907.0904

Phoenix BMW North Scottsdale 480.538.3900 Fax 480.538.3915 Phoenix Chapman BMW on Camelback 602.308.4269 Fax 602.308.4998

Mountain View BMW of Mountainview 650.943.1000 Fax 650.943.1038

Scottsdale Chapman BMW 480.949.8959 Fax 480.944.0616

Newport Beach Sterling BMW 949.645.5900 Fax 949.515.1638 North Hollywood Century West BMW 818.432.5800 Fax 818.761.0889

BMW Tucson Don Mackey BMW 520.748.1333 Fax 520.748.0716

CALIFORNIA Alhambra New Century BMW 626.570.8444 Fax 626.2821.8642 Bakersfield BMW of Bakersfield 661.835.8900 Fax 661.835.0486 Berkeley Weatherford BMW 510.654.8280 Fax 510.841.3022 Beverly Hills Beverly Hills BMW 310.358.7880 Fax 310.657.4671 Buena Park Shelly BMW 714.994.8100 Fax 714.994.8104 Calabasas Bob Smith BMW 818.346.3144 Fax 818.340.9455 Camarillo Steve Thomas BMW 805.482.8878 Fax 805.484.7867 Chico Courtesy Motors 530.893.1300 Fax 530.342.7901

Norwalk McKenna BMW 562.868.3233 Fax 562.345.7370 Oceanside North County BMW 760.439.4800 Fax 760.439.4804 Ontario Savage BMW 909.390.7888 Fax 909.605.9689

Signal Hill Long Beach BMW 562.427.5494 Fax 562.595.8547 Thousand Oaks Rusnak BMW 805.496.6500 Fax 805.496.0955 Torrance South Bay BMW 310.939.7304 Fax 310.793.9387 Valencia Valencia BMW 661.254.8000 Fax 661.254.8187 Visalia BMW of Visalia 559.732.4700 Fax 559.625.8828

COLORADO

Coconut Creek Vista Motor Company 954.935.1888 Fax 954.527.3841 Daytona Beach Fields BMW of Daytona 386.274.1200 Fax 386.274.4656 Fort Lauderdale Lauderdale BMW of Fort Lauderdale 954.527.3800 Fax 954.926.3596 Fort Myers BMW of Fort Myers 239.985.8228 Fax 239.481.0198 Fort Pierce Coggin BMW Treasure Coast 772.429.8300 Fax 772.429.8377 Fort Walton Beach Quality BMW 850.863.2161 Fax 850.863.1217

Boulder Gebhardt BMW 303.447.8000 Fax 303.545.5914

Gainesville All Pro BMW of Gainesville 888.861.4140 Fax 352.237.0256

Colorado Springs Phil Winslow BMW 719.473.1373 Fax 719.473.1975

Jacksonville Tom Bush BMW Jacksonville 904.725.0911 Fax 904.724.2071

Riverside BMW of Riverside 951.785.4444 Fax 951.352.5760

Denver Murray Motor Imports 303.759.2060 Fax 303.759.2533

Jacksonville Tom Bush BMW Orange Park 904.777.2500 Fax 904.777.2514

Roseville BMW of Roseville 916.782.9434 Fax 916.969.5418 Sacramento Niello BMW of Sacramento 916.486.1011 Fax 916.487.4305 San Diego BMW of San Diego 858.560.5050 Fax 858.560.5919 San Fransisco BMW of San Francisco 415.626.7600 Fax 415.241.7944

Littleton Ralph Shomp BMW 303.798.3737 Fax 303.798.7954

Lakeland Fields BMW - Lakeland 863.816.1234 Fax 863.858,8224

Loveland Co's BMW Center 970.292.5751 Fax 970.272.5715

Melbourne The Imported Car Store, Inc. 321.727.3788 Fax 321.725.0559

CONNECTICUT

Miami Braman BMW 305.571.1220 Fax 305.571.1202

Palm Springs BMW of Palm Springs 760.324.7071 Fax 760.324.9222 Pleasanton East Bay BMW 800.719.4080 Fax 925.463.2116

Bridgeport BMW of Bridgeport 203.334.1672 Fax 203.330.6070

Miami South Motors BMW 305.256.2200 Fax 305.253.3746

TechDrive 27

Naples Germain BMW of Naples 239.643.2220 Fax 239.449.5465 Ocala All Pro BMW of Ocala 877.343.4732 Fax 352.373.9363 Palm Harbor Ferman BMW 727.785.3900 Fax 727.787.8727 Pensacola Sandy Sansing BMW 850.477.1855 Fax 850.479.2216 Pompano Beach Vista Motor Company 954.942.7400 Fax 954.942.7400 Saint Petersburg Bert Smith International 727.527.1111 Fax 727.522.8512 Sarasota BMW of Sarasota 941.923.2700 Fax 941.923.0429

808.597.1225 Fax 808.592.0290 Kahului BMW of Maui 808.877.4269 Fax 808.877.4255

IDAHO

765.449.2884 Fax 765.449.2880 Schererville Levin BMW 219.922.2222 Fax 219.922.2232 South Bend Basney BMW 574.272.8504 Fax 574.271.9104

Boise Peterson BMW of Boise 208.378.9000 Fax 208.378.9090

IOWA

Idaho Falls BMW of Idaho Falls 208.529.4269 Fax 208.378.9093

Cedar Rapids Bob Zimmerman BMW 319.366.4000 Fax 319.364.6972

ILLINOIS Barrington Motor Werks BMW 847.381.8900 Fax 847.381.0115 Bloomington Dennison BMW 309.663.1331 Fax 309.662.2077

Davenport Kimberly BMW of Davenport 563.391.8300 Fax 563.391.0526 Dubuque BMW of Dubuque 563.583.7345 Fax 563.583.7349 Urbandale BMW of Des Moines 515.278.4808 Fax 515.278.4371

Chicago Perillo BMW, Inc. 312.981.0000 Fax 312.981.0076

KANSAS

Tallahassee Capital Eurocars, Inc. 850.574.3777 Fax 850.575.7898

Crystal Lake Anderson Motor Co. of Crystal 815.455.4330 Fax 815.455.3428

Merriam Baron BMW 913.722.5100 Fax 913.722.5192

Tampa Reeves Import Motorcars, Inc. 813-933-2813 Fax 813-915-0310

Elmhurst Elmhurst BMW 630.833.7945 Fax 630.833.7936

Overland Park Baron BMW 913.722.5100 Fax 913.722.5192

West Palm Beach Braman Motorcars 561.684.6666 Fax 561.697.5254

Lake Bluff Karl Knauz Motors 847.604.5000 Fax 847.604.5035

Topeka Sunflower BMW 785.266.8480 Fax 785.266.3602

Winter Park Fields BMW 407.628.2100 Fax 407.628.0309

Naperville Bill Jacobs BMW 630.357.1200 Fax 630.357.9835

Wichita Joe Self BMW 316.689.4390 Fax 316.689.4399

GEORGIA Albany BMW of Albany 229.883.2040 Fax 229.435.1505 Athens Athens BMW 706.549.5340 Fax 706.546.7928 Atlanta Global Imports 770.951.2697 Fax 770.933.7850 Columbus BMW of Columbus 706.576.6700 Fax 706.576.6796

Northfield Fields BMW 847.441.5300 Fax 847.441.1530 O Fallon Newbold BMW 618.628.7000 Fax 618.628.7300 Orland Park BMW of Orland Park 708.460.4545 Fax 708.460.8771 Peoria BMW of Peoria 309.692.4840 Fax 309.692.5143 Rockford Bachrodt BMW 815.332.4700 Fax 815.332.5838

Decatur Nalley BMW of Decatur 404.292.1400 Fax 404.297.9134

Savoy Twin City BMW 217.356.0303 Fax 217.356.7594

Duluth United BMW of Gwinnett Place 770.622.7986 Fax 770.263.4909

Schaumburg Patrick BMW 847.843.4000 Fax 847.843.4022

Evans Taylor BMW 706.868.6400 Fax 706.650.6756

Springfield Isringhausen Imports 217.528.2042 Fax 217.528.8146

Macon BMW of Macon 478.757.7000 Fax 478.757.1801

Westmont Laurel BMW of Westmont 630.654.5400 Fax 630.323.2450

Roswell United BMW of Roswell 678.832.4600 Fax 678.802.3577

INDIANA

Savannah Critz BMW 912.354.7000 Fax 912.353.3360 Union City BMW of South Atlanta 770.969.0755 Fax 678.479.4685

Evansville D-Patrick Motoplex 812.473.6500 Fax 812.471.7767 Fort Wayne Tomkinson Automotive 260.436.9000 Fax 260.432.6593

HAWAII

Indianapolis Dreyer & Reinbold, Inc. 317.573.0200 Fax 317.573.0208

Honolulu BMW of Honolulu

Lafayette Bill Defouw BMW

28 TechDrive

KENTUCKY Bowling Green BMW of Bowling Green 270.745.0001 Fax 270.745.9040 Lexington Don Jacobs BMW 859.276.3546 Fax 859.278.0723 Louisville Sam Swope BMW 502.499.5080 Fax 502.499.4476 Paducah Bluegrass BMW 270.444.6632 Fax 270.442.9765

MARYLAND 207.854.3200 Fax 207.854.3210 Annapolis Tate BMW 410.349.9312 Fax 410.349.2570 Baltimore Russel BMW 410.744.2000 Fax 410.744.5639 Bel Air BMW of Bel Air 866.882.1269 Fax 443.640.1234 Marlow Heights Passport BMW 301.423.2700 Fax 301.423.8936 Owings Mills Northwest BMW 410.902.8700 Fax 410.363.7749 Rockville VOB Auto Sales 301.984.8989 Fax 301.984.0798 Silver Spring Tischer BMW of Silver Spring 301.890.3000 Fax 301.890.9230 Towson BMW of Towson 410.296.7908 Fax 410.296.4852 MASSACHUSETTS

Boston Herb Chambers BMW 617.731.1700 Fax 617.731.1555 Hyannis Trans-Atlantic Motors, Inc. 508.775.4526 Fax 508.771.6113 Natick Herb Chambers BMW 877.203.5049 Fax 508.647.0813 Norwood BMW Gallery 781.762.2691 Fax 781.762.6787 Peabody BMW of Peabody 978.538.9900 Fax 978.538.9911 Pittsfield Flynn BMW 413.443.4702 Fax 413.442.4515

LOUISIANA

Shrewsbury Wagner BMW of Shrewsbury 508.853.0300 Fax 508.853.7080

Alexandria Walker BMW 318.445.6421 Fax 318.449.4682

West Springfield BMW of West Springfield 413.746.1722 MICHIGAN Fax 413.746.1763

Baton Rouge Brian Harris BMW 225.754.1200 Fax 225.751.5351 Kenner Peake BMW 504.469.6165 Fax 504.465.2044 Lafayette Moss Motors, Inc. 337.235.9086 Fax 337.235.1130 Monroe Hixson Autoplex 318.388.3300 Fax 318.361.5851 Shreveport Orr BMW 318.629.1269 Fax 318.698.0038 Westbrook Bill Dodge BMW Fax 207.854.3210

Ann Arbor BMW of Ann Arbor 734.663.3309 Fax 734.663.0685 Bloomfield Hills Erhard BMW of Bloomfield Hills 248.642.6565 Fax 248.642.6517 Farmington Hills Erhard BMW of Farmington Hills 248.306.6801 Fax 248.699.3003 Grand Blanc Grand Blanc BMW 810.695.4400 Fax 810.695.8027 Grand Rapids Sharpe BMW 616.452.5101 Fax 616.452.1101

207.854.3200 MAINE

Kalamazoo Harold Zeigler BMW 269.375.4500 Fax 269.372.8627

Cumberland Bill Dodge BMW

Okemos

BMW of Okemos 517-853-2628 Fax 517-853-2661 Shelby Township Bavarian Motor Village, Ltd. 248.997.7700 Fax 248.997.7766

908.782.2441 Fax 908.824.9913

315.459.6000 Fax 315.459.6001

704.535.0885 Fax 704.531.3282

Freehold BMW of Freehold 732.462.0042 Fax 732.577.0518

Douglastown BMW of Bayside 718.229.3636 Fax 718.428.8222

Fayetteville Valley Auto World 910.864.0000 Fax 910.864.7742

Traverse City Grand Traverse Auto Company 231.922.2002 Fax 231.929.6585 MINNESOTA

Lebanon Hunterdon BMW 908.236.6302 Fax 908.236.2934

Endicott Gault Auto Sport 607.748.8244 Fax 607.484.9073

Fletcher Fletcher Motor Company 866.561.4269 Fax 828.681.9948

Morristown Morristown BMW 973.455.0700 Fax 973.455.0273

Freeport Hassel BMW 516.223.6160 Fax 516.223.6224

Greensboro Crown BMW 336.323.3911 Fax 336.323.3850

Mountain Lakes Denville BMW 973.627.0700 Fax 973.402.7805

Glenmont Capital Cities Imported Cars 518.463.3141 Fax 518.463.3193

Mount Laurel DeSimone BMW of Mount Laurel 856.840.1400 Fax 856.222.1241

Harriman Orange County BMW 845.446.4714 Fax 845.446.4768

Newton Bell BMW 973.579.2600 Fax 973.579.3062

Huntington Station Habberstad BMW 631.271.7177 Fax 631.421.5345

Pleasantville Marty Sussman, Inc. 609.641.1900 Fax 609.641.9233

Latham Keeler Motor Car Company 518.785.4197 Fax 518.785.4190

Princeton Princeton BMW 609.452.9400 Fax 609.452.7103

Mamaroneck Pace BMW 914.670.0011 Fax 914.670.0066

Bloomington Motor Werks BMW 952.888.2700 Fax 952.886.6363 Minnetonka Sears Imported Autos, Inc. 952.546.5301 Fax 952.546.2899 Rochester Park Place BMW 507.282.9468 Fax 507.282.5424

MISSISSIPPI

Jackson Herrin-Gear BMW of Jackson 601.956.9696 Fax 601.991.9831 Meridian Sunbelt BMW 601.483.8131 MISSOURI Fax 601.482.8027

Clayton Autohaus of Clayton 314.727.8870 Fax 314.727.9345 Columbia Joe Machens BMW 573.446.2691 Fax 573.446.2692 Creve Coeur Plaza Motor Company 314.301.1705 Fax 314.301.1730 Manchester Suntrup West County BMW 636.227.5454 Fax 636.227.5455 Springfield Reliable BMW 417.889.9200 Fax 417.889.5518 NEBRASKA

Ramsey Prestige BMW 201.327.2525 Fax 201.327.4921 Rochelle Park Park Avenue BMW 201.843.8112 Fax 201.843.3251 Springfield JMK Auto Sales 973.379.7744 Fax 973.379.3896 Tenafly Difeo BMW 201.568.9000 Fax 201.568.5301 Turnersville BMW of Turnersville 856.629.5500 Fax 856.629.0120

Lincoln BMW of Lincoln 402.479.7600 Fax 402.479.7666 Omaha John Markel, Inc. 402.393.9701 Fax 402.393.9702

Stratham BMW of Stratham 603.772.0000 NEW JERSEYFax 603.772.9381

Port Chester BMW of Greenwich 800.926.9727 Fax 914.798.6550

Wilmington Schaeffer BMW 910.392.2700 Fax 910.392.3059 Winston Salem Flow BMW 336.788.3333 Fax 336.785.7959

OHIO

Akron Dave Walter Inc. 330.762.0791 Fax 330.762.4758 Cincinnati Jake Sweeney BMW 513.782.1122 Fax 513.782.1123 Cincinnati The BMW Store 513.271.8700 Fax 513.271.5264 Columbus Kelly BMW 614.471.2277 Fax 614.475.1988

Rochester Holtz House of Vehicles, Inc. 585.359.7373 Fax 585.359.7383

Dayton Voss Village BMW 937.425.6844 Fax 937.425.6818

Southampton BMW of The Hamptons 631.283.0888 Fax 631.283.0792

Dublin Midwestern BMW 614.889.2571 Fax 614.889.2877

Spring Valley Wide World of Cars, LLC 845.425.2600 Fax 845.425.7387

Mentor Classic BMW 440.255.6600 Fax 440.255.1796

St. James Competition BMW of Smithtown 631.724.3322 Fax 631.265.0501

Middleburg Heights Ganley BMW 440.845.9333 Fax 440.887.9122

Henderson Desert BMW of Henderson 702.257.1010 Fax 702.564.5849

Utica Carbone BMW 315.797.1520 Fax 315.797.3353

North Canton Cain BMW 330.494.5588 Fax 330.494.4626

Las Vegas Desert BMW of Las Vegas 702.871.1010 Fax 702.871.7146

Westbury Rallye BMW 516.393.7777 Fax 516.414.6860

Solon BMW Cleveland 440.542.0600 Fax 440.542.0100

Reno Bill Pearce BMW 775.826.2100 Fax 775.689.2164

Williamsville Towne BMW 716.505.2100 Fax 716.505.2110

Toledo Yark BMW 419.842.7900 Fax 419.843.2986

White Plains Westchester BMW 914.761.5555 Fax 914.761.7297

Warren Preston BMW 330.369.4611 Fax 330.369.6435

Wayne Paul Miller BMW 973.696.6060 Fax 973.696.0235

Albuquerque Sandia BMW 888.262.9395 Fax 505.217.0289 Santa Fe Santa Fe BMW 888.557.2731 Fax 505.474.0077 NEVADA

NEW YORK Bloomfield Essex BMW 973.748.8200 Fax 973.748.6375 Edison Open Road BMW 732.985.4575 Fax 732.985.4347

Oyster Bay BMW of Oyster Bay 516.922.0930 Fax 516.922.0959

Raleigh Leith BMW 919.876.5432 Fax 919.790.1239

Dayton BMW of Dayton 937.890.5323 Fax 937.454.3756

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Nashua Tulley BMW 603.888.5050 Fax 603.888..5043

North Syracuse Burdick BMW 315.458.7590 Fax 315.458.7601

Kinston Sale BMW 252.522.3611 Fax 252.522.4441

Poughkeepsie BMW of The Hudson Valley 845.462.1030 Fax 845.462.3465

NEW MEXICO Grand Island T. Dinsdale BMW of Grand Island 308.382.4662 Fax 3308.382.0421

New York BMW of Manhatten 212.586.2269 Fax 212.262.8722

Hickory Hendrick Motors 828.322.5640 Fax 828.431.2404

Briarcliff Manor BMW Mt. Kisco 914.241.4444 Fax 914.244.8786

NORTH CAROLINA

OKLAHOMA

Eatontown Circle BMW 732.440.1200 Fax 732.440.1239

Brooklyn Life Quality Motor Sales, Inc. 718.272.0555 Fax 718.272.3957

Chapel Hill Performance BMW 919.942.3191 Fax 919.969.2313

Edmund Jackie Cooper Imports, LLC 405.755.3600 Fax 405.755.9069

Flemington Flemington BMW

Cicero Burdick BMW

Charlotte Hendrick Motors

Tulsa BMW of Tulsa

TechDrive 29

OREGON 918.663.4444 Fax 918.664.8671 Beaverton Kuni BMW 503.748.5460 Fax 503.748.5417 Bend Carrera BMW 541.382.1711 Fax 541.389.2144 Eugene BMW of Eugene 541.342.1763 Fax 541.431.4300 Medford Medford BMW 541.779.5071 Fax 541.774.8429 Portland Rasmussen BMW 503.226.0380 Fax 503.273.4278 Salem Delon BMW 503.399.9541 Fax 503.585.5933 PENNSYLVANIA

Sewickley BMW 412.741.9331 Fax 412.741.7760 State College Joel Confer BMW 814.237.5713 Fax 814.238.0154

806.359.2886 Fax 806.359.2891

West Chester Otto's BMW 610.399.6800 Fax 610.399.4193

Austin BMW of Austin 512.343.3500 Fax 512.343.3525

York Apple BMW of York 717.845.6689 Fax 717.843.4659 PUERTO RICO

Beaumont BMW of Beaumont 409.833.7100 Fax 409.833.3544

Hato Rey Autogermana BMW 787.474.7000 Fax 787.474.7034 RHODE ISLAND

Middletown BMW of Newport 401.847.9600 Fax 401.848.5860 Warwick Inskip BMW 401.821.1510 Fax 401.821.2004 SOUTH CAROLINA

Allentown Daniels BMW 877.820.4269 Fax 610.820.2990 Bala Cynwyd BMW of The Main Line 610.668.2200 Fax 610.667.4786 Devon Devon Hill Motors 610.687.9350 Fax 610.687.9360

Beach Island Taylor BMW 706.819.5356 Fax 706.650.6756 Bluffton Hilton Head BMW 843.815.1500 Fax 843.815.1547

Doylestown Thompson BMW 215.340.9823 Fax 215.340.9361

Charleston Rick Hendrick Imports 843.763.8403 Fax 843.763.8489

Erie New Motors, Inc. 814.868.4805 Fax 814.868.1996

Columbia BMW of Columbia 803.404.5400 Fax 803.754.7865

Exton Ottoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s BMW of Exton 610.455.2800 Fax 610.455.2825

Conway Fowler Motors, Inc. 843.347.4271 Fax 843.347.7762

Fort Washington West German BMW 215.643.3322 Fax 215.643.8706

Florence Imports of Florence 843.662.8711 Fax 843.669.0064

Johnstown Laurel BMW 814.262.7028 Fax 814.266.7199

Greensville Century BMW 864.234.6437 Fax 864.234.3373 SOUTH DAKOTA

Lancaster Faulkner BMW 717.569.4269 Fax 717.569.2736 Larksville Wyoming Valley Motors 570.288.7411 Fax 570.283.6501 Mc Murray Bobby Rahal BMW of South Hills 724.941.7000 Fax 724.941.7632 Mechanicsburg Sun Motor Cars BMW 717.697.2300 Fax 717.697.0836 Monroeville A & L BMW 412.373.6071 Fax 412.856.0114 Montoursville Fairfield BMW 570.368.8121 Fax 570.368.8644 Pittsburgh P&W Foreign Car Service, Inc. 412.682.0788 Fax 412.682.3706 Reading Dick Horrigan BMW 610.777.1500 Fax 610.775.9377 Scranton Tom Hesser BMW 570.343.1221 Fax 570.343.5209 Sewickley

30 TechDrive

Sioux Falls Vern Eide BMW of Sioux Falls 605-335-3000 Fax 605-367-1120 TENNESSEE

Bryan Garlyn Shelton BMW 979.776.7600 Fax979.776.8203

Fax 801.443.2001

Arlington BMW of Arlington 703.684.8500 Fax 703.549.4210 Charlottesville BMW of Charlottesville 434.979.7222 Fax 434.984.1139 Fairfax BMW of Fairfax 703.560.2300 Fax 703.560.8931

Corpus Christi BMW of Corpus Christi 361.991.5555 Fax 361.991.5791

Lynchburg Hammersley BMW 434.385.6226 Fax 434.385.0642

Dallas BMW of Dallas 972.247.7233 Fax 972.243.0517

Newport News Casey BMW 757.591.1300 Fax 757.591.1388

El Paso BMW of El Paso 915.778.9381 Fax 915.779.8952

Richmond Richmond BMW 804.346.0812 Fax 804.747.8578

Fort Worth Autobahn Motorcars 817.336.0885 Fax 817.339.8982

Roanoke Valley BMW 540.342.3733 Fax 540.345.9060

Harlingen Cardenas BMW 956.425.2400 Fax 956.421.3596

Sterling BMW of Sterling 571.434.1944 Fax 571.434.7722

Houston Advantage BMW 713.289.1200 Fax 713.289.1207

Virginia Beach Checkered Flag BMW 757.490.1111 Fax 757.687.3508 VERMONT

Houston BMW of Houston North-Woodlands 281.874.1553 Fax 936.271.3011 Houston Momentum BMW 713.596.3100 Fax 713.596.3285 Houston Momentum BMW West 832.772.9100 Fax 832.772.9195 Lubbock Alderson European Motors 806.763.8041 Fax 806.742.8613 Mcallen Bert Ogdon BMW 956.631.6666 Fax 956.668.7701 Odessa BMW of Permian Basin 432.580.5911 Fax 432.580.8161 Plano Classic BMW 972.918.1100 Fax 214.778.2813

Chattanooga BMW of Chattanooga 423.894.5660 Fax 423.894.7675

San Antonio BMW of San Antonio 210.732.7121 Fax 210.785.2811

Cordova Roadshow BMW 901.365.2584 Fax 901.365.2531

Temple Garlyn Shelton Imports 254.771.0128 Fax 254.771.3378

Kingsport Rick Hill BMW 423.246.7421 Fax 423.224.2133

Tyler Mike Pyle BMW 903.561.7049 Fax 903.534.9484

Knoxville Grayson BMW 865.693.4555 Fax 865.693.0092

Wichita Falls BMW of Wichita Falls 940.322.5451 Fax940.322.4207

Nashville BMW of Nashville 615.850.4040 Fax 615.850.4000

VIRGINIA 801.443.2000

Arlington Moritz BMW 817.436.5750 Fax 817.436.5768

UTAH

Shelburne The Automaster 802.985.8482 Fax 802.985.5751

WASHINGTON

Bellevue BMW of Bellevue 425.643.4544 Fax 425.643.1027 Seattle BMW Seattle 206.328.8787 Fax 206.777.1354 Spokane Camp BMW 509.458.3288 Fax 509.755.0251 Tacoma BMW Northwest 253.922.8700 Fax 253.922.0180 Yakima Hahn Motor Company 509.453.9171 Fax 509.457.6598

WEST VIRGINIA

Saint Albans Moses BMW 304.722.4900 WISCONSINFax 304.722.4999

Appleton Enterprise BMW 920.749.2020 Fax 920.749.2030 Glendale Concours Inc. 414.290.4250 Fax 414.290.4242

TEXAS

Murray Firmage BMW of Murray 801.262.2535 Fax 801.892.6950

Madison Zimbrick BMW 608-443-3900 Fax 608-442-1804

Amarillo Autoplex BMW

Pleasant Grove Firmage BMW of Pleasant Grove

West Allis International Autos 414.543.3000 Fax 414.543.2804

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