2020 Architecture Portfolio Mathew Conrad

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MATHEW CONRAD 2020 ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO


MATHEW CONRAD MSCONRAD24@GMAIL.COM 717.524.6629 Recent architectural graduate passionate about ensuring that architecture is at the intersection of environmental sustainability, social responsibility, and placemaking, and that it is as much about site as it is about the people using it.

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CONTENTS ACADEMIC

PROFESSIONAL

COMPETITION

Health Center

Casa Indiana

Stewardson

Regrowth

Lucky Well

Woods Hole Retreat

Ciudades Mutantes

Awbury Village

Amity Mod-1

Partnership

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4


HEALTH CENTER ACADEMIC : HOSPITAL The first half of this project consisted of a literature review on current conditions and healthcare needs in the south-eastern African nation of Malawi. According to studies conducted by Cooper Smith in Malawi, a minimum of 234 new health posts need to be constructed per year for the next ten years in order to meet the growing demand; however, in the past five years, only 12 have actually been constructed. The overarching design goal was to create a typological building form that allows the community to be self-sufficient in the future while still meeting the rapid pace of construction and levels of performance set forth by the Ministry of Health. Both the ability to construct and expand the building without the need for significant outside labor or material became paramount in the

SANTHE, MALAWI 2019 OCTOBER 25 - DECEMBER 11

design. This in turn broke down into three goals. The first was to create a modular framework that can be replicated across multiple different sites in rural Malawi while allowing for contextuality in both construction and spatial layout. In other words, create a framework that can be shaped by local site and cultural contexts. The second goal went hand in hand with the first: develop a system of tectonics that permits rapid assembly while using local labor and resources. The third was to produce a form that is easily expandable in an ordered way without the need for future outside assistance. The final design was a project that could be constructed with different materials and techniques, could be adapted to new sites, and reformatted for new uses. 5


Summer

SITE PLAN

PHASE 1 6

PHASE 2


STRUCTURAL BASE Each of these programmatic units is composed of the same structural grid. A primary axis of 8m wide acts as the primary entrance, education spaces, and other supporting program similar to the original parti. Three additional axes branch off the primary one. Two are of similar size (8m) and contain most of the program from consultation whether that is primarily wards, consultation or offices. The intervening 4m axis creates both a sense of separation between the two larger axes, provides the opportunity for courtyards, and allows for a central circulation through the building.

MATERNITY

ADMINISTRATIVE

STAFF HOUSING

OUTPATIENT 7


MATERIAL VARIATION

CONCRETE 8

NATURAL STONE

CONCRETE & BRICK

BRICK & CMU


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10


11


MANHATTAN

BROOKLYN

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REGROWTH

BUSHWICK INLET PARK, NEW YORK

ACADEMIC : BOTANICAL GARDENS Located on the Brooklyn side of the East River in New York City, the project consists of a series of public botanical gardens intended to bring greenery back to a bleak industrial landscape both within and on the site, using ecosystemic growth and change as inspiration. The construction of the building itself is based on the idea of secondary ecological succession, the cyclical progression of ecosystemic communities. The activity is cyclical, and without catalysts to trigger it, the ecosystem will stagnate, but there is always something old remaining for the new to be based on. In this vein, both the foundation of the forms themselves and the materials incorporate aspects of existing site constructions. The concrete structural foundations for the three forms

2018 MARCH 5 - MAY 1 are pre-existing on site; currently they hold oil tanks. In term of materials, both the wood and steel incorporated in the design are being recycled from existing structures in the area. The design also looks forward to future site conditions in this low-lying area based on current trends of climactic change. The landscape itself has been returned to a semblance of a riparian ecosystem: dunes have been raised along the water’s edge and natural vegetation has been replanted, reducing the chance of flooding on the site. Systems for passive heating, cooling, and natural daylighting have been implemented to reduce energy use. A series of louvers have been arranged around the building to reduce glare and heat gain, with arrangement based on the needs of the interior spaces. 13


CONSERVATORY

CIRCULATION RAMP

ENTRY RAMP

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CONSERVATORY

CONSERVATORY OFFICES

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F O U N D AT I O N

T R A N S F O R M AT I O N

Old industrial remains stripped away; foundation walls poured on existing slabs; vertical steel framing installed; native ground cover planted (phytoremediation)

Earth raised to emphasize structure and create dunes; horizontal framing and tension rings installed; natural vegetation cultivated further; roof framing added

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A C T I V AT I O N

M AT U R AT I O N

Interior slabs poured forming ramp and floors; glazing installed in successive horizontal rings; wood louvers installed; larger shrubs and plants cultivated

Completion of installation; return of site to natural landscape; eventual degradation to framing creating new experience; interior and exterior become one 17


CIUDADES MUTANTES ACADEMIC : PLAYSCAPE Ciudades Mutantes consists of a series of modular wooden installations for children based on an existing system of elements known as Sistema Lupo. The system itself is based on a series of four basic modules, each one 55cm (21.5�) x 55cm (21.5�), which interact and connect with each other in various ways. The pieces are mass-produced through the use of CNC routing, and therefore the negatives of each block are also available for use; they, in fact, provide a vital function as both a means of connection and a method of strengthening. The primary base of the design was to capture the feeling of the city for children. Designing went through several phases of development. At the beginning, a set of styrofoam pieces were used at a much reduced scale in order to 18

MADRID

2018 SEPTEMBER 19 - OCTOBER 21 better facilitate the design process mostly through quick charrettes in small groups. Several charrettes were performed in small groups before the final design was synthesized with everyone, 16 people in total. After experimenting with these pieces, the actual wooden pieces were introduced and a mockup was produced in a small building located in Casa de Moneda, Segovia. Small edits were made based on the change in material from styrofoam to wood and the increase in scale. The final installation was constructed in a major plaza in the center of Madrid, which was left up for several weeks. Each one was fully deconstructible as there were no nails or adhesives involved in the construction process; dowels were the only connecting pieces.


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P R O P O S E D L AY O U T The above proposal was based on the experimentation with styrofoam completed early in the project. The figures in the axonometric are all children to better understand the scale of the project in relation to its primary users. While adults can easily survey its layout, the project becomes a maze for children to get lost in. 20


M A D R I D I N S TA L L AT I O N After the final design was produced in Casa de Moneda, a similarly full scale replica of it was introduced to Plaza Colรณn in the heart of Madrid. This provided a much freer environment for children to experience it. Smaller foam pieces were introduced to the site so that the children using it could make edits of their own. 21


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S E G O V I A I N S TA L L AT I O N

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AMITY

20TH ST & W NORRIS ST, PHILADELPHIA

ACADEMIC : SENIOR WELLNESS CENTER A project developed over the course of a month by a team of two interior design students and two architecture students, Amity Senior Wellness Center is sited in a Northern Philadelphia district severely lacking in elderly health facilities. It is a healthcare facility designed to provide holistic welfare services through interactive, collaborative, and biophilic spaces. These spaces are paired directly with a community center and home for abused women with which it shares its site. The intention is to encourage interaction between the people currently living in the family center and those visiting the wellness facility. The goal of this was to create a program which facilitates the growth and improvement of the community by increasing the crossgenerational interactions between its 24

2018 JANUARY 31 - FEBRUARY 28

members. The users of the spaces are treated as hosts to the building rather than patients, with the building offering various activities which fill the unproductive time often associated with waiting for a checkup. Within the building itself, there is space for both tenants of the existing building and daily visitors. Materials were chosen based on their applicability to a healthcare setting and the creation of a softer setting in terms of physicality and visual appearance. The muted and green palette coupled with installations of greenery and biophilic elements make these spaces both gentle on the eyes of without being devoid of fun and encouraging health. Interior materials included woods, fabrics, and neutral paints; the exterior is primarily composed of wood and brick.


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MOD-1

25TH & W THOMPSON, PHILADELPHIA

ACADEMIC : INDIVIDUAL HOUSING MOD-1 is an innovative detached home that gets its name from its form, a module, and is the first iteration of a long line of social and environmental solutions to urban issues. MOD-1 is a model that capitalizes on the influx of economic development in evolving communities by utilizing neglected spaces including blighted land and the overlooked frontier such as city roofscapes. This untraditional use of space allows for positive economic change in a community without displacement of existing residents, giving a unique place for young professionals to live while the homes of long-time residents are protected by the need for continued rooftops. MOD1 is a prefabricated structure that has a mobility allowing residents to move it after initial placement. This flexibility is elevated

2019 SOLAR DECATHLON FINALIST by the off-grid resilient mechanical design that produces not only a net-zero house but also a surplus in energy and water, with an EUI of -60 after considering PV. This forward thinking design incorporates innovative solutions to energy and water consumption with the intent of pushing the boundaries of what can be achieved through integrative architecture. The thinking behind the project is holistic regenerative processes, which ebb and flow together to create proposals that are not only energy efficient, but are whole systems that inherently have a positive impact on the world. Regenerative design is to restore, renew and revitalize in a whole system approach, or to evolve Sharswood through positive development to create a community that is healthy. 29


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CASA INDIANA 2ND & INDIANA, PHILLY

PROFESSIONAL : SENIOR LIVING CONSTRUCTION COMPLETED 2020 MAY

A project completed by CICADA Architecture and Planning for Philadelphia’s Hispanic Association Contractor Enterprises (HACE), Casa Indiana is intended as affordable and supportive housing for seniors from the local community. The project includes fully accessible housing, a community room, a library, a medical office, and various other services housed on a single vacant site in Northern Philadelphia. Focusing on neighborhood features including a park immediately diagonal to it, the building presents an open facade to the street, while creating an enclosed courtyard space in the back for the residents. Most of the work shown on the next few pages was developed as marketing for the project, including diagrams and renderings. 37


C O U R T YA R D D I A G R A M

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39


LUCKY WELL

990 SPRING GARDEN, PHILLY PROFESSIONAL : RESTAURANT SCHEMATIC DESIGN 2018 SUMMER

The renderings and plan on the following pages were completed while working at [Box]Wood Architects in Philadelphia, PA. The project occupied the ground floor of an existing larger building, and changes to the building were mostly to the inside and included both layout and finishes. I was fully responsible for the creation of the renderings using input from both client and supervisor, from 3D-modeling the interior to final post-processing. On the floor plan, I was responsible for the layout of the main seating area and two bars being checked and supervised throughout the process. On both the drawing side and the rendering side, there was significant iteration over time based on the contributions of other team members, including the systems engineer, 40

and client.


41


1

2

NEW COUNTER SEATING

NEW HANDWASHING STATION, OWNER PROVIDED CONTRATOR INSTALLED

3 A-404

HANDWASHIN

2 1

1 A-402

NEW SERVICE COUNTER

A-304 3

19'-53/4" 13'-71/2"

SERVICE 103

1

105

FIREWOOD

2'-101/4"

10'-61/4"

1

1

3'-0"

1

A

5'-2" 5'-71/4"

1

28'-21/4"

5'-81/4"

B

3'-103/4"

3'-0"

NEW STO

BAG IN THE BOX

42

1'-6"

1 A-403


3

NEW PROJECTED SIGN TO BE INSTALLED AT 7'-0" AFF

4

EXISTING RAILING TO REMAIN AND BE PAINTED

EXISTING STAIRS TO REMAIN

PT-2

12'-33/4"

106 3'-31/2"

NEW DRINKING BAR

RETAIL

SEATING 101

1

DN

3'-103/4"

NG

STOR.

2 A-301

1 A-401

BAR 102

1

3

1 A 404

NEW CUSTOM BANQUETTE

W FIREWOOD ORAGE MILLWORK

FIREWOOD

2

43


44


AWBURY VILLAGE AWBURY, PHILADELPHIA

PROFESSIONAL : MASTERPLAN SCHEMATIC DESIGN 2019 FALL

A project begun by CICADA Architecture and Planning for the Philadelphia Committee to End Homelessness, Awbury Village is a community masterplan in East Germantown, close to the Awbury Arboretum and Park. Intended as community-centered low-income housing, the design provides residences for 24 families in a series of 8 connected buildings, a playground for children in the center of the site, and a community center along one edge of the community. The rendering shown on this page was completed at the end stages of schematic design as one option for the community layout, materiality, and design. The focus was on creating a space that was family and community-oriented that provides an experience of nature in an urban setting. 45


ZONING ELEVATION : 1708-10 TIOGA ST 46


FLOOR PLAN : 1708 TIOGA ST

PARTNERSHIP

SCATTERED SITES, N PHILLY PROFESSIONAL : HOUSING ZONING 2019 SUMMER

A series of scattered site infill projects in progress by CICADA Architecture and Planning, the project consists of a variety of different housing and row home projects in Northern Philadelphia. Most of the different designs contained multiple units within a more typical row home design, although there were also examples of larger apartment complexes. Because of its nature as a multi-site and multi-building project, a number of zoning approvals had to be received in order for any given part of it to move forward. The drawings on this page and the following are a few samples from three different zoning submissions all completed over the summer of 2019: 170810 Tioga St, 3335 N 16th St., and 3629 N 17th St. Drawings included sections, plans, site plans, elevations, and various details. 47


ZONING SITE PLAN : 1708-10 TIOGA ST 48


49


4

5

6

2 PILOT HOUSES (TO CONTAIN STAIRS AND LANDING ONLY)

2 PILOT HOUSES (TO CONTAIN STAIRS AND LANDING ONLY)

15'-5" PILOT HOUSE

T.O. PILOT

2'-0" OVERHANG

ROOF DECK

T.O. PARAPET

3'-6"

ROOF DECK

ROOF DECK

3'-6"

3'-6"

3'-6" PARAPET

10'-0"

2'-0" OVERHANG

T.O. ROOF & ROOF

A

DECK SRF

2'-0" 11'-1"

6'-0" ROOF DECK SETBACK

30'-10" PILOT HOUSE SETBACK

3rd

6'-0" FENCE, TYP.

34'-8"

PROPOSED 3-STORY STRUCTURE MULTI-FAMILY DWELLING

3629 N 17TH STREET

PROPOSED 3-STORY STRUCTURE MULTI-FAMILY DWELLING

10'-4"

FLR

3629 N 17TH STREET

2nd FLR

10'-4"

CONC. PAD

2'-11"

STAIRS & PORCH

1st FL 111.50' AVG GD

7'-5"

108.60'

REAR EGRESS WELL - SEE B1

FRONT EGRESS WELL - SEE B1

Cellar FLR

LONGITUDINAL SECTION

B

TRANSVERSE SECTION

BLDG SECTIONS ZONING SECTIONS B4 3/32" = 1'-0" : 3629 N 17TH ST

3637 N 17TH ST EX'G VACANT LOT

C

3635 N 17TH ST EX'G VACANT LOT

4

3631 N 17TH ST EX'G VACANT LOT

3'-6" HANDRAIL

3'-6" HANDRAIL

3'-6"

PARA

EL. 106.94'

9'-9"

BACK EL. 110.48'

9'-0"

3'-0"

REAR YARD

ALLEY

2'-0"

EL. 107.99'

125 SQ FT PILOT

3335 N 16TH ST PROPOSED 3 STY 4 UNIT 15'-7" MULTI-FAMILY DWELLING FRAME CONST. ROOF DECK

3'-8"

2'-0" OVERHANG

3'-6" GUARDRAIL

OPEN AREA

BALCONIES @ 2ND & 3RD FLR

EGRESS WELL SEE B2 6' HIGH FENCE x

15'-10"

15'-7"

PILOT HOUSE

ROOF DECK

78'-8"

3rd

34'-2"

125 SQ FT PILOT

CONC. PAD

UPPER REAR UNIT ROOF DECK

x

UPPER FRONT UNIT STAIR TO ROOF

x

2'-0" OVERHANG

UPPER REAR UNIT STAIR TO ROOF

T.O.

11'-4"

3'-2" 6'-0" SETBACK

UPPER FRONT UNIT ROOF DECK

PARAPET

ROOF & ROOF DECK SRF

12'-4"

9'-10"

3, 2, & 1 FLR WDW BAY

3629 N 17TH PROPOSED 3 STY 4 UNIT MULTI FAMILY DWELLING FRAME CONST. 3'-6" GUARDRAIL

3335 N 16TH ST PROPOSED 3 STY 4 UNIT MULTI-FAMILY DWELLING FRAME CONST.

x

FLR

EL. 109.00' 12'-0"

1st FLR

2'-2"

PL

6'-0" WALK

D 2nd FLR

x

REAR YARD

94'-4"

EXG SIDE YARD

99.87' AVG GR 97.54'

9'-4"

4'-0" FURN

T.O.

x

5'-8" 15'-6"

3629 N 17TH

PARKING

STOOP

x

1 STY PORCH

BAY WINDOWS: 1ST, 2ND, 2'-9" & 3RD FLOORS

FRONT EGRESS WELL SEE B1

T.O. PILOT

6'-0" GUARDRAIL SETBACK

3'-6"

2'-0" OVERHANG

10'-4"

184'-6" S OF ERIE AVENUE

2 PILOT HOUSES TO CONTAIN STAIRS AND LANDINGS ONLY

x

PILOT HOUSE SETBACK 6'-0"

FRONT

6

2 PILOT HOUSES TO CONTAIN STAIRS AND LANDINGS ONLY

26'-9"

GUARDRAIL SETBACK

5

10'-4"

3

Cellar FLR

LONGITUDINAL SECTION

C1

TRANSVERSE SECTION

BUILDING SECTION DIAGRAMS EXG 1 STY 3/32" = 1'-0"

3627 N 17TH ST EX'G 3 STY FRAME + MASONRY STRUCTURE

PORCH

ZONING SECTIONS : 3335 N 16TH ST 50

3341 N 16TH ST EX'G 3 STY DWELLING FRAME CONST. EXG 1 STY PORCH

3625 N 17TH ST EX'G 3 STY FRAME + MASONRY STRUCTURE

E


C

184'-6" S OF ERIE AVENUE

3635 N 17TH ST EX'G VACANT LOT

3631 N 17TH ST EX'G VACANT LOT

9'-0"

3'-0"

REAR YARD

ALLEY

SETBACK

PILOT HOUSE SETBACK

2'-0"

2 PILOT HOUSESOVERHANG TO CONTAIN STAIRS AND LANDINGS ONLY

125 SQ FT PILOT

125 SQ FT PILOT

2'-0" OVERHANG

EL. 107.99'

2'-0" OVERHANG

15'-7"

15'-10"

ROOF DECK

PILOT HOUSE

PL

3'-2" x x

x

EL. 109.00' 12'-0"

BACK

REAR YARD

PARAPET T.O. ROOF & ROOF DECK SRF

EXG SIDE YARD

3335 N 16TH ST PROPOSED 3 STY 4 UNIT MULTI-FAMILY DWELLING FRAME CONST.

2nd FLR

10'-4"

3335 N 16TH ST PROPOSED 3 STY 4 UNIT N 17TH ST MULTI-FAMILY3627 DWELLING EX'G 3 STY FRAME + MASONRY FRAME CONST. STRUCTURE

FLR

10'-4"

BALCONIES @ 2ND & 3RD FLR

EXG 1 STY PORCH

A

3rd

34'-2"

BAY WINDOWS: 1ST, 2ND, & 3RD FLOORS

T.O.

11'-4"

PARA

x

15'-7" GUARDRAIL SETBACK ROOF DECK

94'-4"

6'-0" WALK

D T.O. PILOT

FENCE

78'-8"

3'-6" HANDRAIL

3'-8"

3'-6"

OPEN AREA

2 PILOT HOUSES TOEGRESS CONTAIN WELL STAIRS AND SEE B2 LANDINGS ONLY 6' HIGH

3'-6" HANDRAIL

GUARDRAIL 2'-0" SETBACK

4'-0" FURN

3'-6" GUARDRAIL

6'-0"

6'-0"

FRONT

6

CONC. PAD

UPPER REAR UNIT ROOF DECK

9'-9"

26'-9"

5

UPPER FRONT UNIT STAIR TO ROOF

3'-6"

6'-0"

UPPER REAR UNIT STAIR TO ROOF

x

3, 2, & 1 FLR WDW BAY

9'-10" FRONT EGRESS WELL SEE B1

UPPER FRONT UNIT ROOF DECK

12'-4"

3629 N 17TH PROPOSED 3 STY 4 UNIT MULTI FAMILY DWELLING FRAME CONST. 3'-6" GUARDRAIL

x

STOOP

5'-8" 15'-6"

4

1 STY PORCH

2'-9"

3629 N 17TH

PARKING

PARKING

NORTH 17TH STREET 60'W (13'-34'-13') LEGALLY OPEN ON CITY PLANS

x

3

x

EL. 110.48'

EL. 106.94'

E

9'-4"

2'-2"

1st FLR 99.87' AVG GR 97.54'

SITE PLAN

C1

TRANSVERSE SECTION

B

BUILDING SECTION DIAGRAMS 3/32" = 1'-0"

ZONING SITE PLAN : 3629 N 17TH ST4 3

5

6

3341 N 16TH ST EX'G 3 STY DWELLING FRAME CONST.

24'-9"

16'-8"

8'-1"

3339 N 16TH ST EX'G 3 STY DWELLING FRAME CONST. EXG 1 STY PORCH

C

3333 N 16TH ST EX'G VACANT LOT

3337 N 16TH ST EX'G VACANT LOT 4'-0" FURN

6'-0" WALK

120'-0"

17'-2"

x

4' FENCE

x

x

x

x

x

x

ALLEY

95'-2"

x

6' FENCE

x

6'-10"

4'-3"

96'

4'

P.L.

24'-10"

x

x

x

x

x

x

D

95.75'

x

6'-10"

97'

97.13'

3'-6" RAILING

125 SF PARAPET

2'-0" OVERHANG

125 SF PARAPET

EGRESS WELL

5'-0"

6'-0"

P.L.

3'-6" RAILING

PORCH 98'

96'

98'

83'-21 2"

22'-2"

COMM

ROOF DECK

x

2'-0" OVERHANG

6'-0"

25'-7"

15'-4"

1ST, 2ND, & 3RD FLR WDW BAY

BLDG WIDTH

P.L.

25'-7"

21'-4"

PARKING

PARKING

ROOF DECK

EGRESS WELL

3335 N 16TH ST PROPOSED 3 STY MULTI-FAMILY DWELLING FRAME CONST.

15'-4"

WATER

2'-8" 6'-0"

BALCONY 2-3 FLR ONLY

NORTH 16TH STREET 50'W (12'-26'-12') LEGALLY OPEN ON CITY PLANS

2'-8"

95'

14'-8" REAR YARD

BUILDING LENGTH

FRONT YARD

x

5'-0"

x

19'-4"

x

120'-0"

SEWER

72' S OF

P.L. ONTARIO

1/8" = 1'-0"

Cellar FLR

3625 N 17TH ST EX'G 3 STY FRAME + MASONRY STRUCTURE

EXG 1 STY PORCH

LONGITUDINAL SECTION

E

3333 N 16TH ST EX'G VACANT LOT

SITE PLAN

E3 ZONING SITE PLAN : 3335 N 16TH ST 1/8" = 1'-0"

3

DRAFT NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION 4

5

6

51


SITE PLAN W/ TOPO

CONSTRUCTION

STEWARDSON SOUTH MT HAWKINS, CA

COMPETITION : FIRE TOWER 2020 JANUARY 17 - JANUARY 27

The competition was a 10-day design challenge, whose prompt was a fire tower in California. This tower is a recognition of the incremental succession of the environment around South Mt. Hawkins in southern California. As the forest around it continues to evolve, the tower and its uses evolve with it by reacting to the natural cycles of growth and decay instead of rejecting them. Fires are inherently a source of destruction, but they are also a necessary part of forest ecology The process is cyclical and a necessary part of renewal; without catalysts to trigger destruction and growth, any ecosystem will eventually stagnate. Through destruction comes the chance for renewal, regrowth, and evolution. 52


53


WOODS HOLE COMPETITION : HOUSING The Woods Hole Retreat uses the vernacular of local Massachusetts communities to inform both its massing and materiality. The simple gable roof and cedar shingle siding bring a familiarity to the Cape Cod homes commonly built in the area. The glazing and curtain wall system evokes more modern sensibilities and allows ample light into the two-story home. The use of light wood on the interior tracks the current trend of Scandinavian design, while also providing a blank slate for the owner’s collection of Tobi Kahn art.

54

FALMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS 2019 NOVEMBER 14 - 2020 JANUARY 17 Given that this property is near the ocean, the concept of the beach house lends itself to a programmatic flip: private bedrooms lie on the ground floor, and primary living spaces rest above, granting views of the surrounding ocean. The building forms two wings; on the second floor, they are divided by the master suite, which includes a study and the main communal spaces including kitchen, dining, and living rooms. A light well penetrates through to create a courtyard that allows light to filter into the lower bedrooms and second floor spaces.


55


CROSS-SECTION

FIRST FLOOR 56

SECOND FLOOR


UPPER FLOOR LIVING ROOM

LOWER FLOOR LIVING ROOM 57


58


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