Lighting Journal April 2016

LIGHTING

JOURNAL The publication for all lighting professionals

MATERIAL VALUES: integrating lighting into architectural fabric NATURE WALK: how London’s new Garden Bridge will connect light and nature DARK MATTERS: a small town in Scotland has achieved ‘Dark Sky Community’ status

April 2016

LIGHTING JOURNAL

Contents

April 2016

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EDITORIAL MATERIAL VALUES

At one level, yes, lighting needs to be functional and utilitarian. But the most effective lighting designs also recognise the importance of making lighting an integral, and integrated, part of the architectural fabric, argues Christopher Knowlton

28

ANIMAL MAGIC

34

LEARNING LIGHTLY

SOUTHAMPTON DOCKING

The smart city agenda is transforming the connectivity protocols now available for street lighting management systems, says Muhammad Ali, with a pilot project in Southampton showinging the way forward

AUSTRALIA FAIR

40

SIMPLY A LAMP POST?

42

ON A ROLL

44 46 48

CONSULTANTS

MAKING THE CONNECTION

‘Smart’ and connected lighting technologies were very much on delegates’ lips at last month’s Light + Building trade fair and exhibition in Frankfurt. Lighting Journal looks at some products making lighting professionals sit up and take notice

NIGHT VISION

Moffat in Scotland is the first town in the UK to have been granted ‘Dark Sky Community’ status by the International Dark-Sky Association. Lighting consultant James Paterson explains how a town of just 2,500 people has led the way in reducing night glow

ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

As smart lighting solutions become more commonplace, using LED lighting technology in emergency lighting schemes requires careful thought and a thorough understanding of the application

With a diverse range of speakers and exhibitors, this year’s Light School proved a draw with architects, engineers, designers, manufacturers and specifiers alike. Lighting Journal dug out its ruler, pencil case and protractor and went along

36

NATURE WALK

Interweaving light with nature is at the heart of the lighting scheme for London’s new Garden Bridge, writes Melissa Mak

What sort of harmful effects are your lighting designs potentially having on bats? You don’t care? You most definitely should, explains James Miles

The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) held its Melbourne conference on 3-4 March. Nigel Parry was there for Lighting Journal

What was once a simple lighting column now requires the specifier and the manufacturer to consider a whole host of variables to ensure the product is fit for its intended purpose, says Alan Jenvey, of the ILP’s Lighting Column Technical Forum

A three-year European research project has developed flexible lighting foils that can be produced roll-to-roll, and is predicting at least elements of this new technology could soon be commercially viable. Lighting Journal investigates

LIGHTING DIRECTORY DIARY

Cover picture – Electrolight’s lighting scheme at 171 Collins Street, Melbourne, Australia, headquarters of mining company BHP, and an example of making light part of the architectural fabric

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Editorial Volume 81 No 4 April 2016 President Elizabeth Thomas BSc(Eng) CEng FILP Chief Executive Richard G Frost BA(Cantab) DPA HonFIAM Editor Nic Paton Email: nic@cormorantmedia.co.uk Editorial Board Tom Baynham MEng MA (Cantab) Emma Cogswell IALD Mark Cooper IEng MILP Graham Festenstein CEng MILP MSLL IALD John Gorse BA (Hons) MSLL Alan Jaques IEng MILP Nigel Parry IEng FILP Richard Webster Designed by Julie Bland Email: julie@matrixprint.com Advertising Manager Andy Etherton Email: andy@matrixprint.com Published by Matrix Print Consultants Ltd on behalf of Institution of Lighting Professionals Regent House, Regent Place, Rugby CV21 2PN Telephone: 01788 576492 E-mail: info@theilp.org.uk Website: www.theilp.org.uk Produced by

Matrix Print Consultants Ltd Unit C, Northfield Point, Cunliffe Drive, Kettering, Northants NN16 9QJ Tel: 01536 527297 Email: gary@matrixprint.com Website: www.matrixprint.com

Before anyone points out the obvious, I very much accept I have taken a somewhat liberal interpretation of the phrase ‘connected lighting’ as the theme for this month’s Lighting Journal.

When we talk about connected lighting in a conventional sense, it’s the smart city agenda and connectivity, technology and CMS and, within this, the evolving role of the lighting column, as Muhammad Ali has highlighted in this edition through his innovative CMS project in Southampton.

And that, of course, is a hugely important agenda, and opportunity, for lighting professionals. Indeed, smart products – road and street lighting and lighting columns – were one of the talking points at last month’s Light + Building in Frankfurt. The momentum behind ‘future proof’, ‘Internet of Things’-enabled products is clearly building rapidly.

But, for me, the term connected lighting is about much more than technology. I had the pleasure of attending Light School at the Surface Design Show in February and how lighting ‘connects’, in a multitude of different ways, was very much the thread that ran through the talks I heard.

Whether it was how lighting links to and can direct our emotional responses in a retail setting or the way it can colour (quite literally) the behaviour of gamblers in casinos, there was a recognition that there is so much more to lighting than the functional or the technological.

Two of the Light School speakers, Christopher Knowlton and Melissa Mak, are featured in this edition. Melissa, through her work on London’s proposed Garden Bridge, emphasises how what is a technologically sophisticated lighting scheme still connects with and complements the greenery and nature that is set to be such a defining feature of this new Thames crossing.

Christopher, meanwhile, makes a compelling argument for the importance of light as an integral part of the architectural fabric. He also makes the very salient point that, to achieve this, this connection and harmony, it’s not just about design vision or technological prowess, it’s also about working as a connected, seamless team, whatever your discipline or area of specialisation.

Yes, connected lighting is about connectivity and, I suspect, as a phrase one will increasingly become synonymous with the other, if they haven’t already. But that shouldn’t stop us also recognising the richer semantics of ‘connected’ lighting, and how that can lead us to some very interesting and creative places.

Nic Paton Editor

© ILP 2016 The views or statements expressed in these pages do not necessarily accord with those of The Institution of Lighting Professionals or the Lighting Journal’s editor. Photocopying of Lighting Journal items for private use is permitted, but not for commercial purposes or economic gain.

Reprints of material published in these pages is available for a fee, on application to the editor.

Lighting Journal April 2016

4 Connected lighting: connecting lighting to architecture

MATERIAL VALUES At one level, lighting needs to be functional and utilitarian. But the most effective lighting designs also recognise the importance of making lighting an integral, and integrated, part of the architectural fabric, argues Christopher Knowlton

Swan Lake, lit by Howard Harrison: lighting is being used to communicate time, location, the importance of character and the emotion of the moment

Lighting Journal April 2016

Connected lighting: connecting lighting to architecture 5

I

ntegration is something we talk a lot about in our studio. The desire to minimise the impact of lighting equipment on the architectural form is something we all see as important.

This desire is motivated by our philosophy that spaces are sculpted by their materials. Lighting is the tool for rendering these surfaces and sculpting the visual environment.

Talking about light as an architectural fabric is, to some, a new concept. To introduce the notion that light is a fabric we need to look at some of our favourite artists. Anthony McCall’s seminal work in the 1960s and 1970s explored the relationship between light and physical space as an experiential interaction between art and viewer.

In the same way as art makes the notion of light as an architectural fabric more accessible, theatre offers a fluid, vernacular language that we can use to articulate the role lighting plays in communicating narrative

Anthony McCall’s ‘Line Describing Cone’: a great example of when light acts as a non-physical architecture

Using a 35mm projector, his work ‘Line Describing Cone’ projected a dot on the opposing wall from a film projector. Over a period of 30 minutes the single dot of white light traces a circle. When a haze is added to the air this simple description of the twodimensional creates a three-dimension form of a cone. Curiosity of the view invites the viewer to interact with the beam, to see light as a physical object.

Reaching to touch the veil of light plays with a perception of the physical reality in the world around us. This is a great example of when light acts as a nonphysical architecture. In the presence of air particles, light can itself appear to have structure.

In later works commissioned by the car giant Cadillac, Autumn de Wilde created two pieces that explore the relationship between material and light.

Autumn de Wilde artworks for Cadillac: her work explores the relationship between material and light

Reflection, filtration and obstruction are all used to create the work in the physical sense. We see how light interacts with the physical and creates a corresponding interaction on the floor.

This collection of reflections, shadows and filtered colours creates its own space, intrinsically connected and yet separate.

LIGHT AS AN EXPRESSION OF ARCHITECTURE Light as form is another expression of architecture. Like the work of McCall, de Wilde’s work demonstrates how light defines spatial boundaries and images in both physical and non-physical ways to create a sense of location and time that is constantly changing.

Contemporary artist James Turrell is well known for his work with light and perception, and a piece such as ‘Breathing Light’ as LACMA in Los Angeles is a good example of spatial perception and colour response.

This work illustrates the complexities of the human visual system. It’s not simply the light that hits the retina that determines what we see. The brain is combining what we see with past experiences, reasoning and other sensory input to understand the world around us.

Finally, we look at the work of American artist Donald Judd. Starting his career as a painter, Donald moved to sculpture later in his life. His work is very architectural in form and he felt, was intrinsically linked to its location and setting. The vocabulary of form used in his work focused on a small number of materials brought together with precision and symmetry to make some of the most compelling forms in contemporary art.

Lighting Journal April 2016

6 Connected lighting: connecting lighting to architecture hierarchy of brightness tells the viewer their focus should be centre stage. Light on the supporting characters tells us that, while they are also important, they are secondary to Siegfried and Odette.

Lighting is being used to communicate time, location, the importance of character and the emotion of the moment. This is all in addition to the functional requirements of simply being able to see the dancers and read their movement. And this is just one single moment in a production; West End shows can have anywhere north of 400 cues over a two-and-a-half hour show, equating to subtle changes in light every two minutes! Of course, not every show is the same, but this shows how integral light is to communicating meaning to the audience.

Donald Judd: his vocabulary of form combines materials, precision and symmetry

Like Judd’s sculptures, the relationship between materials and execution is, for us, the metaphor of how we work within the architectural team. Collaboration and connection between each discipline is required to create a seamless fusion of ideology and materials.

In the same way as art makes the notion of light as an architectural fabric more accessible, theatre offers a fluid, vernacular language that we can use to articulate the role lighting plays in communicating narrative. Exploration of the lighting tool box through production examples provides a canvas to explain tools such as direction, focus, colour, texture and intensity. We can look at these in isolation and subsequently within a scene. In essence, the ability to deconstruct and derive meaning grants access to the semiotic study of lighting.

Lighting Journal April 2016

In a recent production of ‘Swan Lake’ by the English National Ballet, we see Siegfried and Odette centrestage surrounded by the swan maidens.

This climactic moment in the ballet happens early in the story, when the two protagonists fall in love.

The importance of this moment is conveyed through choreography; this is of course a ballet! But it is also heavily supported by the work of the lighting designer, in this case Howard Harrison.

Soft blue light fills the stage, reminiscent of water and the moonlight. Front light, cross light and back light are used to reveal the form of the dancers. Each element uses a slightly different shade of blue light subtly to articulate the form.

Down stage centre, white light is introduced to the composition. Intensity is also used to create the scene. The

LIGHT AS THE ‘FABRIC’ OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT So, by this point I expect you may be thinking, ‘this is all very well and good in a theoretical sense, but how does it apply to the built environment?’.

Well, the same devices we see in theatre are also employed in the built environment, some more implicitly than others.

Street lighting is seen by some as utilitarian ‘street clutter’; the light it produces is and should be merely functional. However, when we look in more detail, we can see the theatrical conventions we have explored earlier on are, in fact, also present in street lighting.

The street light provides functional illumination, but it also communicates changes in direction or conflict areas on a road. It can be seen threading light through a park to illuminate a cycleway.

These examples, I would argue, are utilitarian but also narrative.

The image of Venice is particularly evocative. Decorative street lights woven into the fabric of the historic architecture give a soft, diffuse light that is ideal for pedestrians. The glow they produce is great for facial recognition and, with multiple light sources, they are relatively low glare. They also communicate the narrative that this place is warm, welcoming, romantic even; and it’s quite a contrast to the utilitarian lighting we see on vehicle-led urban streets.

We at Electrolight see this translation of theatrical semiotics into urban interior and exterior lighting in the more curated work that we do. For example, revelation of form and texture is at the heart of our project at 171 Collins Street in Melbourne, Australia.

Here, at the headquarters of mining company BHP, the stone walls are taken from a single line of a quarry

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8 Connected lighting: light as an architectural fabric

Venice: decorative street lights woven into the fabric of the historic architecture give a soft, diffuse light that is ideal for pedestrians

and modelled beautifully by Bates Smart Architects to form the envelope of this space. The walls are lit to reveal the texture of the material and to bounce light back into the space.

The linear light along the bottom of the wall and the illuminated detail along the stair tread is how many people would define ‘integration’.

The light fitting is well concealed and does the job of illuminating the wall.

While it’s certainly an important part of our practice, achieving this can only happen through effective integration – collaboration and connection – between the whole team.

To look at another example, celebrity chef Heston Blumenthal’s Fat Duck was temporarily relocated from Bray in Berkshire to Melbourne in 2015 when the UK restaurant was being refurbished. The lighting in this space, as with many high-contrast restaurants, draws on the same techniques that we saw in Swan Lake.

Light is used to highlight the ‘protagonist’ – in this case, of course, the food. The ‘cast’ of materials and interior finishings are not forgotten, but are subtly addressed with intensity, direction and colour to perfect an environment that transcends a rectilinear space and creates a moment of dining magic.

It’s through this exploration of light in art, performance and architecture that we begin to understand the use of light as material. We also understand that, when we talk of integration, getting the luminaire into the right location is just one part of a much bigger process.

The best integration comes from collaborative practice.

Christopher Knowlton is principal at Electrolight

Lighting Journal April 2016

171 Collins Street: the walls (taken from a single line of a quarry) are lit to reveal the texture of the material and to bounce light back into the space

The Fat Duck, Melbourne: light is used to highlight the ‘protagonist’, in this case the food

Lunch is included FREE if you register in advance... so why not book your place right now?

Visit our website for more details and to book your FREE place – www. theilp.org.uk/ lightscene

Lightscene: Smart Cities and IOT takes place at the Stadium of Light, Sunderland on 21 April, 11am–5.30pm. This exhibition and CPD event is aimed at informing lighting professionals all about Smart Cities and the Internet of Things.

You don’t need to be an ILP member to come along; there is a warm welcome for everyone at this event hosted by the ILP North Eastern Region. We are looking forward to an exceptional event and would love you to be part of it.

progress in the future. He will look at the connected office and home and how this could impact on the way Local Authorities, large end users and employers might need to radically rethink their working practices in the future.

FREE CPD SESSIONS

Revolutionising Asset Control Systems Stuart Wilson, Director, Urban Control

Defining the Smart City John Fox, Managing Director Lucy Zodion

John will explore the meaning and context of ‘Smart cities’, extending the discussion to introduce enabling technologies and possible applications.

With urbanisation and tightening budgets these technologies will be used to extend services and increase efficiencies. The presentation will go on to draw these threads together and explain the pivotal position of the lamppost in future cities.

Smart City Possibilities Mark Cooper, National Sales Manager iGuzzini

Mark will look at the possibilities that smart cities will offer us in the future, not just with regard to street lighting, but connected services, information usage and how this technology is being employed now and will

In this paper, Stuart will look at the current methods of asset control available on a city level and discuss the options being opened up by the smart city revolution.

The practicality of how smart city technology will actually work is the main barrier to entry for many new systems. Can a living network of equipment make this transition easier and simpler to those at the coal face who are having to implement these changes and manage them day to day?

Contact the ILP

Tel: 01788 576492 www.theilp.org.uk/lightscene

10 Connected lighting: smart cities and connectivity

SOUTHAMPTON DOCKING The smart city agenda is transforming the connectivity protocols now available for street lighting management systems, argues Muhammad Ali, with a pilot project in Southampton showing how the future is changing

I

n the past, street lights only illuminated roads but now they are becoming successful examples of an ‘Internet of Things’ (IoT) deployment.

There is a growing realisation they can form the backbone of the sort of ‘smart city’ network now becoming ubiquitous in many cities, and an easy source of mains power. As the capabilities of sensors grow and costs reduce, there are now many questions that need to be addressed, including the growing demand on any installed radio network and how the technology deployed will be future-proofed.

According to the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS 2015)1, the global market for smart cities is predicted to be worth $408 billion by 2020. Smart transport solutions based on digital infrastructure will be worth $4.5 billion by 2018, with a wider market of $100 billion, including physical and digital infrastructure for parking management and guidance, smart ticketing and traffic management.

The research organisation Gartner2 has anticipated that smart cities will take the ‘lion’s share of the IoT market’ with 9.7 billion connected things by 2020.

The UK is one of the leading countries in the world for smart street lighting systems, with multiple successful central management system (CMS) installations. The interest in leveraging these networks for additional applications is growing, with several trials already underway.

This article highlights some of the main connectivity protocols available for street light management systems, and an example of successful street light monitoring system deployment, now supporting additional ‘smarter city’ applications. But, to begin, it can be useful to consider splitting the architecture of a CMS into three main layers, as shown in the diagram below: Layer 1: back office system – hosted/managed solutions

Layer 2: connectivity between gateway unit and servers

Layer 2: connectivity between gateway to nodes/sensors

In this article all three layers are discussed in more detail, with examples to highlight some of the solutions available in the marketplace.

In reality the distinction between Layer 2 and 3 can often become blurred; examples including some implementations supporting cellular direct to the node bypassing the need for a gateway completely.Let’s now look at each layer in more detail.

Lighting Journal April 2016

Layer 1: Layer 1 provides the ‘back-office’ functionality, managing the system and providing the interface to the user, as illustrated right.

Traditionally, these would have been either a hosted or managed solution. A managed solution would be one where the CMS provider’s client has the servers physically on its site, whereas a hosted solution would be where the CMS provider runs the server on behalf of its client.

What we are now seeing is a move away from both of the above to a Cloud-based service, hosted in one of the many commercial platforms available (for example Amazon’s AWS and Microsoft’s Azure products).

Cloud services offer a significantly lower CapEx associated with the deployment, arguable better resilience and world-wide connectivity and a significantly easier path for hardware upgrades. According to Gartner3, Cloud computing promises economic advantages, speed, agility, flexibility, infinite elasticity and innovation.

Older systems tended to provide an interface to the operator through a PC-based application; the trend now is to move towards a web-based user interface. There is also a growing awareness of the need to avoid lock-in to a particular CMS provider. For example, global alliances such as the TALQ4 consortium allow the transportation of data to a single generalised platform.

Layer 2: Layer 2 provides the connectivity between the backoffice systems (often requiring an IP connection) and the protocol used for connecting to the nodes controlling the street lights themselves.

The main modes of communications used in this layer are cellular communications (e.g. 2G/3G and 4G), Ethernet, ADSL, Wi-Fi as well as fibre optics.

There is the option of skipping Layer 3 completely, and communicating direct to the node using one of these technologies. While this is valid for some applications (for example if high data rates are required), generally in order to keep hardware costs low for the parts of the system deployed in the highest volumes (the nodes), most CMS solutions on the market at the moment use the gateway approach.

One concern often raised in this layer is the reliance on third party networks (such as cellular) for connectivity.

Telstra5 in Australia has announced plans to close the 2G (GSM) network by the end of 2016 and similar news was released by AT&T in the US. According to AT&T6, mobile data traffic in the US grew by 75,000% over a six-year period from 2001 to 2006, so putting intense pressure on the frequency spectrum.

Again according to AT&T, it plans to reallocate capacity to more advanced wireless networks in order to enhance the customer experience.

Connected lighting: smart cities and connectivity 11 Layer 3: Layer 3 provides the connection between the gateway and the node. There are broadly two competing architectures – what are known as star and mesh topologies.

Star topologies provide a direct connection between the gateway and the node, for example SigFox, LoRa (WAN), whereas meshing technologies use nodes as repeaters to extend the reach of the network (for example, ZigBee or Thread).

In order to minimise the number of gateways solutions using star networks, it is a good idea often (but not always!) to use lower frequency bands (868MHz/915MHz is very popular) because of the generally increased propagation distances and therefore range. Meshing solutions can use higher frequencies (for example 2.4GHz) and take advantage

of higher data rates, easier global radio compliance and more available radio channels.

Most protocols running in this layer have limited bandwidth, and are optimised for low power and/or devices that only need to communicate to the layers further up the chain infrequently.

One of the key questions about the implementation of this layer is whether to target an ‘open’ protocol (for example ZigBee, Thread, 6LoWPAN, LoRaWAN) or a more closed ecosystem.

It is worth stressing it is unlikely in practice for any system controlling street lights to be truly open (security is always a concern), and similarly many of the closed approaches allow other (approved) devices to connect.

ZigBee UNB in ISM band LonWorks

Managed solutions Cloud-based servers

Satellite ADSL Fibre Wi-Fi

Layer 3

Hosted solutions

WiMac

Ethernet

Layer 2

Layer 1

Cellular

Thread LoRa (WAN) SigFox SilverSpring 6LoWPAN RMPA

THE SOUTHAMPTON EXPERIENCE Referencing the layered approach discussed earlier, an example of a ‘smart city’ network is discussed below, where a successful CMS system has been extended to support additional sensing applications.

Traditionally, the most significant barriers to deploying meshing solutions in any kind of significant outdoor deployment relate to difficulties in developing batterypowered meshing radio nodes (as the intermediate radios have to always be powered) and the costs involved in deploying the same routing nodes.

My company, Mayflower, and our technology development partner TTP, realised that both of the above issues could

Mayflower has enabled the network in Southampton to allow the transparent ‘tunnelling’ of data from third party sensors up into the Cloud

be addressed by leveraging the lighting network as the backbone. Nodes that are mains powered addressed the concerns around meshing and, as each street light requires a wireless control node anyway, the costs involved in the deployment become the same for both topologies.

ZigBee was chosen as the networking technology of choice, allowing access to the extremely large eco-system of devices on the market.

The Mayflower CMS consists, firstly, of a wireless node that is mounted to each individual street light via a patented socket. This node allows for individual control and monitoring of each street light in the network, including: • Fault management (diagnostics of individual failures) allowing for targeted maintenance (rather than ‘night scouting’ – the inspection of street lights across the network at night) • Accurate electricity metering (each mode meters the amount of power used by the street light) • Dimming (the node allows each individual street light to be dimmed based on time, light levels or external inputs) These nodes form a fault-tolerant mesh network of around 500 units reporting back to a central coordinator, the Sub Master. This Sub Master communicates with the Mayflower back-office via a cellular connection.

The radio network is encrypted and is based around the ZigBee standard, with a proprietary application level protocol to handle the subtleties of controlling such a large network.

As the radio network is based around the low power open ZigBee standard, Mayflower is also expanding the system to support other (non-lighting) applications. The pervasive nature of the mesh across an entire city opens up a raft of other applications where low cost and low power are key.

Lighting Journal April 2016

12 Connected lighting: smart cities and connectivity

CMS

Hosted solutions

Managed solutions

Cloud-based servers

ZigBee street light monitoring system 2G/3G cellular gateway

ZigBee environmental sensor - third party

CMS can be extended to support additional sensing applications

Southampton was one of Mayflower’s first CMS deployments in the UK. Mayflower has enabled the network in Southampton to allow the transparent ‘tunnelling’ of data from third party sensors up into the Cloud.

It can support both static and mobile nodes, and is capable of providing positional information. Between us, Mayflower and TTP have also developed a smart city dashboard based around the open-source Sentilo management platform UrbanInsight. Sensor data is segregated from the lighting network and uploaded to this platform to allow for further analytics.

It has been estimated that air pollution kills up to 13,000 people annually in the UK7. Cities already have monitoring systems in place, but these tend to be fixed location and extremely expensive. While they are highly accurate, we believe there is a significant opportunity for lower cost sensors capable of detecting trends across a city.

To that end, we used a Spanish smart city company called Libelium. It has provided a sensor platform capable of mounting a wide variety of sensors to a solar powered communications module.

This platform uses ZigBee as the wireless communications protocol, and a custom firmware build allows interoperability with the Mayflower network. Crucially, these devices do not require either a power supply or data connection, so the installation process is straightforward.

Sensor data is routed from the Libelium sensors through the Mayflower network and published to the UrbanInsight server platform. This then allows users to extract and analyze the stored data sets.

To conclude, the platform provides the capabilities for users to set alarms and to be notified when sensor levels change outside of preset limits.

As an example of the kind of functionality this would enable is to provide warnings to registered users (via a mobile application) if the pollution count rises above a preset limit, which may prove valuable to citizens with asthma.

While environmental monitoring is the first application Node ZigBee node ballast independent

Sub Master ZigBee coordinator 3G modem light sensors

The Sub Master communicates with the Mayflower back-office via a cellular connection

Lighting Journal April 2016

that is being trialled, we believe there are multiple other opportunities that would suit the characteristics of this network, including parking, refuse monitoring, flood protection, traffic analytics and water pollution levels.

Muhammad Ali is senior product engineer at Mayflower Complete Lighting Control

ZigBee node

Solar powered ZigBee based environmental sensor connected to ZigBee network

REFERENCES 1 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_ data/file/249423/bis-13-1217-smart-city-market-opportunties-uk.pdf 2 http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3008917 3 http://www.gartner.com/technology/topics/cloud-computing.jsp 4 http://www.talq-consortium.org/ 5 http://exchange.telstra.com.au/2014/07/23/its-time-to-say-goodbye-oldfriend/ 6 http://www.business.att.com/content/other/2G_Sunset_FAQs_2014_ A1.pd1 7 http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/apr/20/air-pollutionkilling-13000-people-year

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14 Connected lighting: connecting lighting to nature

NATURE WALK Interweaving light with nature is at the heart of the lighting scheme for London’s new Garden Bridge, as Melissa Mak explains

T

oday, more than half the world’s population is living in cities, and the United Nations predicts this figure will rise to 70% by 2050.

Our living patterns continue to change as people continue to become more active at night, prolonging our working hours and spending longer stretches of time outdoors.

The TUC last summer published research suggesting as many as three million Britons now work night shifts.

This equates to one in eight of the workforce being employed while the rest of us sleep.

We know that, with climate change and global warming, plants and trees can offer many environmental benefits to flood alleviation, air pollution, noise, wind and transforming grey infrastructure into green.

Greenery penetrates different corners of our cities, in different forms,

shapes and sizes. No longer are garden squares the only green areas to embellish urban areas; we see vertical green walls, green roofs, underground parks and indoor gardens. The demand for green infrastructure is increasing.

The demand for outdoor artificial lighting is also increasing in order to support the night-time activities and needs of people living in the city, both those working at night but also just the 24/7 life of the modern urban environment. So, how do we take this increasing need for green infrastructure and interweave it with lighting?

LINKING URBAN AND NATURAL The vision for London’s Garden Bridge is to create a new green space right in the heart of the city. Indeed, the lighting scheme is very much designed to complement this vision

The vision for London’s Garden Bridge is to create a new green space right in the heart of the city, and the lighting scheme is very much designed to complement this

Lighting Journal April 2016

of interdependence, namely the connection between the urban and natural environment.

The bridge will be a 366m-long footbridge that will stretch across the River Thames. It is a major infrastructure project that will, in essence, be a public garden featuring an abundance of plant and tree species. Design work started in 2013 and construction work is due to commence later this year, completing by 2018. This pedestrian bridge will be open to the public from 6am to midnight.

I have been working on this project since 2013. Arup’s multidisciplinary team has worked closely with Garden Trust, Transport for London, Heatherwick Studio (the bridge’s design architect) and Dan Pearson Studios (who is the landscape designer) to develop the design strategy and solution.The bridge comprises primary

Connected lighting: connecting lighting to nature 15

paths, secondary paths and viewing balconies where people can stop and enjoy the river view.

SENSORY EXPERIENCE Lighting will play an important role in defining the character of the Garden Bridge after dark.The lighting will be designed not only to enhance the visitors’ experience when crossing the bridge, but to leave a memorable experience with each and every one of them.

The garden itself will become a destination where people feel safe and comfortable to relax, linger and enjoy the panoramic view of the River Thames and its surroundings at night-time.

It will also be a route used by commuters; up to 9,000 commuters a day are expected to use it.

The lighting will create an authentic experience of a floating garden at night.

Visible from multiple viewing angles, all at different distances, the lit effect of the bridge has therefore needed to be carefully considered and planned.

Consequently there are, to my mind, five key elements or priorities that the lighting scheme has needed to bring together. These are: • The need to help people to orientate and navigate. The eyes are always drawn to the brighter elements of a scene; it will draw people in and influence their movement through the space.

• The need to promote perceptions of safety and security, which even in an extremely safe site such as the Bridge is key to user’s experience • The need for ease of access and maintenance of the luminaire and lamp sources.

• The need for the luminaires to be

mounted at low levels along the walkway to provide illumination across the path surface and visual interest.

• The need for the light level will be sensitively balanced to ensure a sense of personal security without distracting the night time enjoyment of the garden as well as the views across the river.

INSPIRED BY NATURE When designing the lighting concept, I was inspired by nature but I was also inspired by a Bible scripture quote I came across: The seed will grow well, the vine will yield its fruit, the ground will produce its crops, and the heavens will drop their dew.

(Zechariah 8:12)

Lighting Journal April 2016

16 Connected lighting: connecting lighting to nature

An artist’s impression of how the garden bridge will look from the air

The word ‘dew’ in particular caught my attention and imagination. So, I see the dews hanging, clinging, resting randomly and irregularly varying in height and size, changing in density and degrees of brightness.

Metaphorically, I transformed the ‘dews’ into ‘light dews’ – visually the lights are discreetly sparkling and shining at night like the dews found in nature.

The luminaires will be customdesigned with unique and organic form that help to create and define the bridge’s garden character and atmosphere.

We will position these luminaires (light dews), which we worked closely with Heatherwick Studio to design and Mike Stoane Lighting to prototype, across the Garden Bridge.

By varying the mounting height of the light (which range from 250mm1,000mm AFFL) and by varying the spacing and combination of the three different heights, we hope to mimic the randomness of nature in our light dews.

This will create an orderly random pattern, yet at the same time satisfy the required light level and light uniformity requirements.

The challenge of integrating a bridge with both a garden and night-time lighting design has also thrown up a number of other considerations.

These include: • Consideration of plant growth. We have had to minimise back spill on to the plants by shielding off some of the light so as to, in turn, minimise disturbance of normal plant growth.

• By using high-efficiency luminaires and light sources, plus an intelligent lighting control strategy, we’ve minimised light pollution, but again without compromising the quality of the lit effect.

• We’ve used luminaires with glare control to reduce the glare effect on human eyes.

On top of this, the proposed lighting scheme works to minimise the impact on the ecological environment. This includes: • Care has been taken to ensure that the proposed lighting installation will not have adverse impact on bats.

• The luminaire installation is designed to minimise any impact to marine ecology by limiting light spill on to the river.

• The luminaire installation will work to avoid potential glare caused to drivers of river vessels; all bridge lighting as a result is positioned at a low level.

• We have also considered how to limit night sky light pollution.

Any tree uplighters will be fitted with anti-glare louver, which are adjustable and dimmable.

Finally, the proposed lighting system for the operational phase will have the flexibility to achieve different light level conditions.

Reduced levels of lighting have also been considered through seasonal dimming control during the active bat season. Bats are active from March to October and in hibernation from November to February.

Therefore, by working with the living pattern of the wildlife, lighting can be tuned and adjusted accordingly.

This includes: • Luminaires are fitted with LED light source and adjustable with DALI individually controllable systems.

• We have coordinated with the landscape architect to ensure the plant roots will not interfere or obstruct the lighting installations.

All this has created challenges, including balancing the requirement for the bridge to be user-friendly, to be visually attractive and to be a space that people can appreciate at night.

We have also worked hard to ensure visitors, wildlife, the natural habitat and the capital’s busy river traffic are not adversely affected by any light spill.

Most of all, however, the challenge has been how to connect, integrate and interweave the lighting scheme with the greenery and nature that, it is intended, will very much permeate and define this compelling new bridge for London.

Melissa Mak is senior lighting designer at Arup

An initial lighting conceptual diagram indicating the ‘light dews’ scattering across the garden in random pattern

PREMIER CORPORATE MEMBER ADVERTORIALS We are very pleased to announce that our 2016 Website upgrade is available this month. The website has been totally re-designed to enable users to navigate around the site very simply and find out just what they are looking for.

In addition to the usual product and projects information, during the year users will be able to download the very latest photometric files and to log-in and manage their projects with us from anywhere across the globe

Breaking Records Schréder Bespoke Solutions Bournemouth Borough Council’s £4 million phase one regeneration of Pier Approach kickstarted a long term programme of regeneration, ‘virtually’ re-connecting the Bourne stream and Lower Gardens with the seafront for the first time in more than 100 years.

A key component of the project was the introduction of new low-energy dynamic lighting, which aims to encourage visitors to stay in the area after dark by creating an inviting atmosphere with colourful displays.

Schréder provided 14 x 7 metre and 2 x 25 metre timber columns, which are the tallest conical glued-laminated timber self-supporting light columns in Europe. The 25 metre columns included made-to-measure LED rim features, with invisible fixings, and made-tomeasure LED acrylic finial to suit the diameter of column and withstand the stress it would be placed under at 25 metres above ground.

Schréder provided a team of ten highly skilled and fully qualified engineers to install the timber columns, and all of the columns were installed within a week. Each engineer is accredited by the Highways Electrical Association (HEA), holds an Electrotechnical Certification Scheme (ECS) card, and is fully familiar with both the standard and bespoke equipment supplied for the project. The installation team was involved at every stage of the design process, which ensured utilisation of their vast practical experience gained over many years.

Andrew Emery, Resort Development & Strategic Planning Manager, Bournemouth Tourism, oversaw the installation and commented, “The fully qualified team of specialist engineers meant the installation process was a resounding success.”

“Urbis Schréder’s lighting columns evoke the pine trees for which the town is justly famous for and are exactly what we envisaged for Pier Approach. The columns blend seamlessly into the surrounding landscape and existing street furniture during the daytime, while vibrantly bringing the area to life at night.”

For more information visit: www.urbis-schreder.com

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18 Connected lighting: smart and connected lighting at Light + Building

MAKING THE CONNECTION ‘Smart’ and connected lighting technologies were very much on delegates’ lips at last month’s Light + Building trade fair and exhibition in Frankfurt. Lighting Journal looks at some products making lighting professionals sit up and take notice

A

s any lighting professional who has made the trek to Light + Building in Frankfurt will well know, the annual trade fair for lighting and building services is huge, encompassing some 2,500 exhibitors and an estimated 210,000 visitors.To that end, comprehensively covering all the new products and technologies on display at the Messe Frankfurt in the limited space of a print magazine is an impossible task. Nevertheless, the motto of this year’s show, which ran from 13-18 March, was ‘digital – individual – networked’, with the ‘smart city’ and connected lighting agendas very much to the forefront.

What follows, therefore, is a snapshot of just some of the connected lighting technologies on display. More widely, it serves to illustrate how R&D in this exciting new area is accelerating and, indeed, the sort of products now coming to market that could be making a significant commercial impact in the coming months and years.

‘FUTURE-PROOFED’ STREET LIGHTING One launch that caught the eye of many visitors was Philips’ new DigiStreet range of ‘future-proofed’ LED street lights, which is being launched commercially within Europe from September.

DigiStreet from Philips: offering a ‘migration path’ towards connected lighting functionality

The range comprises six different luminaires, including four road-specific luminaires, which offer between 1,000 and 30,000 lumens. It has been designed for a variety of environments, from main roads to narrow paths, through to plazas and pedestrian areas. But, crucially, the range gives the option to migrate to connected street lighting when a municipality is ready to do so.

Each luminaire is equipped with a socket at the top that enables a Philips CityTouch connector node to be added.

This ‘plug-and-play’ node enables wireless connection to the Philips CityTouch street lighting management system, Philips said.

Lighting Journal April 2016

On top of this, the luminaires are all ‘sensor ready’ in that they come with a universal socket on the bottom that enables a sensor to be added. This could include a motion detector, so light is dimmed when no-one is around, parking sensors to monitor the availability of parking slots on the road, and sensors to monitor traffic density or air quality.

The company’s Philips Xitanium sensor-ready driver is also built-in.

As Vasanth Philomin, public segment leader, business professional systems at Philips Lighting has explained: ‘Different towns and cities have different needs and whilst the switch to LED lighting is taking place all over the world, not every municipality is ready to go to connected lighting from day one. What Philips DigiStreet luminaire offers is a clear migration path.’

Another innovation with the range is that commissioning and maintenance can be carried out via a smartphone through a QR code on the luminaire linked to a new ‘Philips Service’ tag.

The tag is located on the bottom of the pole and contains information unique to the luminaire, such as product specification, configuration settings and maintenance details.

An engineer can therefore scan the QR code and then use the app to identify and order spare parts and even program the luminaire on-site through the phone, for example if a driver has been ordered that, once installed, needs to be programmed to the factory settings of the luminaire.

Separately, Philips also announced a deal with Vodafone to make the telecoms company its ‘global Internet of Things managed connectivity partner’. Under the agreement, the CityTouch system will be able to use Vodafone’s machineto-machine (M2M) network to connect individual light points, with every connected street lamp containing a Vodafone M2M SIM, said Philips.

‘HUMBLE’ LAMP POST What was being described as the first ‘production-ready humble lamp post’ was also attracting attention at Light + Building.

The ‘smart city hub’ product, called LightMotion, has been developed

by Amsterdam street lighting firm Lightwell and charge-point and technology company The New Motion.

According to Lightwell, the product is currently being tested in Copenhagen, Rotterdam, Los Angeles and Beijing.

The column incorporates Wi-Fi and CCTV functionality, sensors and an electric vehicle (EV) charging station.

Connected lighting: smart and connected lighting at Light + Building 19

LightMotion from Dutch company Lightwell: said to be the first ‘productionready humble lamp post’

It can be linked to either a local city Wi-Fi or local telecom system, and a user app can guide drivers to an available EV charge location, the company said.

‘LIGHTING 3.0’ RANGE Aurora Group also brought a ‘next generation lighting solution’ to Frankfurt, with the European mainland launch of its ‘Lighting 3.0’ range of ‘Internet of Things’-ready (IoT) luminaires.

The range has been developed in partnership with IoT lighting specialist Gooee and, as Neil Salt, managing director of Aurora’s IoT division, argued, ‘enables luminaires to intelligently transmit information (for example around human engagement or energy usage) direct to a delegate’s mobile device’, as it would to a citizen’s device once installed on the street.

Silver Spring Networks, meanwhile, used Light + Building to announce a partnership with electronics giant Samsung to develop a networked LED street lighting solution.

The agreement means Silver Spring’s IPv6- based Gen5 wireless networking platform and SLV6 smart city management software will be partnered with Samsung’s Smart Lighting Module, which is designed to enable connectivity to be bolted on to lighting applications.

‘SHUFFLE’ COLUMN

Another notable launch in Frankfurt was Urbis Schréder’s new ‘Shuffle’ interactive lighting column.

The lighting column integrates a variety of features, including loudspeakers, CCTV, night vision technology, Wi-Fi, electric vehicle charging and visual guidance. It is also linked to the Schréder Owlet remote control system, the company said.

The three Owlet controls allow the units to be managed independently, as part of an autonomous network, or as part of an interoperable network, it added.

The Shuffle column also provides a range of photometries, from intensive to extensive, symmetrical and asymmetrical, with or without a back light control system, and is suitable streets, squares, ambiance, pedestrian crossings, architectural and signage, the company emphasised.

The column incorporates three types of photometric engine, LensoFlex®2, reflectors and Shuffle from Urbis Schréder: collimators, and multiple interactive lighting column is also driving currents. linked to the company’s Owlet Adam Rice, marketing remote control system manager at Urbis Schréder, said: ‘The Shuffle is an enabler for smart cities. The challenge for local authorities to offer safety and well-being to their citizens, while taking into account financial and environmental factors, is huge. Cities and managers of any and all spaces will have to become smarter when implementing the variety of new technology, while ensuring that these benefits are made available.’

‘SMART’ TENDERS GUIDE Finally, although not a product as such, the TALQ consortium used the opportunity of Light + Building to publish an updated edition of its Pocket Guide for Smart Outdoor Lighting Tenders, available for the moment in either English or German.

The second edition of the guide, the consortium argued, is intended to support and ease the tendering process for cities and municipalities around smart lighting tenders, upgrades and installation.

It ‘provides a comprehensive overview over the state-ofthe-art technical requirements and offers wording examples for a complete and smart tendering document,’ it added.

The guide is available free of charge, and can be accessed at http://www.talq-consortium.org/2-why-talq/ documentation.html. Additional language versions are due to be published later this summer, it added.

Lighting Journal April 2016

20 The dark skies agenda

NIGHT VISION Moffat in Scotland is the first town in the UK to have been granted ‘Dark Sky Community’ status by the International DarkSky Association. Lighting consultant James Paterson explains how a town of just 2,500 people has led the way in reducing night glow

Moffat before (left) and after: the Scottish town is the first in the UK to be granted Dark Sky Community Status by the International Dark-Sky Association

he quaint Victorian town of Moffat has a population of around 2,500, is situated 37 miles north of Carlisle (just off the M74) at the east side of Dumfries & Galloway Region. It is a beautiful and unspoiled part of Scotland, a coaching stop and a conservation area, a town with a rich heritage and history, a thriving cultural scene (including its famous Moffat Sheep Races) and it is a popular destination for walkers and hikers.

Back in July 2012, having a few years previously moved to Moffat, I found myself making a presentation to the Moffat Forum about survey

work and an exterior lighting master plan I had completed in 2009 for the Galloway Forest Dark Sky Park and also four other national parks. I ended the presentation with something of a throwaway line about how it would be nice to bring some of what I had learnt on these projects to my new home town.

At the time, the idea of a town like Moffat being able to achieve Dark Sky Community status seemed deeply unrealistic. The town’s existing street lighting system was a mixture of old high pressure sodium and even older low pressure sodium units, which

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produced a vast amount of light and glow. The financial considerations of unravelling all this seemed like they would be insurmountable.

COMBATING SKY GLOW Naturally, this infrastructure would have been completely unsuitable to meet the recommendations of the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) in its award system for combating the control of upward light and resulting sky glow, which is what achieving dark sky status is all about.

But this all changed very suddenly in November 2012. A Scottish

Shuffle

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CONNECTING PEOPLE TO THEIR SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS More efficient. Smarter. Interactive. Connected. The digital revolution is here to serve people in a more and more challenging world. The shuffle is much more than a lighting column. It connects people to their environment. Always.

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Loudspeaker

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22 The dark skies agenda Government-commissioned enquiry by Dumfries & Galloway Council requested a compact location be found to test out the conversion of old street lighting to new LED lighting, together with funding for the project.

Whilst the reduction of energy and carbon footprint was a documented commitment throughout the Dumfries & Galloway Council report, the main objective in Moffat was to involve the local community to achieve a vast reduction in sky glow and thereby apply for a dark sky award. Happily, these two ambitions were very much complementary.

Moreover, there was a strong case to make that the promotion of Moffat as a dark sky destination was something the community council and local commerce could use to promote and market the town and make Moffat an attraction for additional winter tourism.

The arguments in favour of going down this route were (and remain) compelling. In addition to an instant reduction of 20 KW hours (at least £9,000 per annum in energy costs) without switching off any streetlights, the quality of the sky darkness has been measured electronically and this has recorded a betterment at nine different locations both in and around the town.

Many of the residents in Moffat have recognised the better light control provided by the new LED street lights.

Indeed, at least two have recorded the fact they can now identify the Milky Way from their gardens for the first time in many years The plan involved the conversion of 600 units to LED lighting during the 2012/2013 financial year, at a budget cost of £240,000, provided by the Scottish Government.

Lighting Journal April 2016

When it came to my time and budgeting, there was a nominal allocation of 100 hours, covering: • Product performance analysis • An external lighting audit survey of domestic and commercial properties • Public meetings and workshops to give advice on lighting technique • Writing a generic plan for Dumfries & Galloway Region • Writing a location-specific plan for the town of Moffat In reality the electronic file editing time is recorded as 50 hours, and about the same time was spent carrying out the on-site survey work. A further 50 hours of work was required to get Dumfries & Galloway Council to produce planning guidance in response to the IDA request for a further regulatory ordinance.

COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT Of course, it was imperative throughout that the project involved the Moffat community closely, as well as Moffat Community Council. At least 50 residents attended an open meeting in the Moffat town hall in January 2013 prior to starting the conversion work and many added their names to the start of a possible astronomy interest group.

Moffat Community Council also holds a meeting once each month, which is open to the public, and has had ‘Dark Skies application’ on the agenda since January 2013.

I attend these meetings as a temporary co-opted member to address any technical issues and report on positive progress. The community council has supported this initiative every inch of the dark sky path.

One challenge with the project was the fact there was no time available to carry out site trials. So I decided to select a range of Philips products after carrying out some extensive desk-top calculations based not only on the quality of light on the public highway, but also spill light calculations into gardens and vertical building frontages.

Luminaires from ten different manufacturers were subjected to the same calculation grids in order to compare results against a baseline calculation from the existing low pressure sodium street lights.

So, what’s next?

Moffat Dark Sky Community is my eighth dark sky masterplan success.

Although I started my career as a lighting technician with Lanarkshire County Council in 1958, most of my working life was, in fact, spent in the Midlands. When I returned to Scotland

in 2008, it was just in time to pioneer my first dark sky success, a lighting masterplan for Galloway Forest Dark Sky Park.

This was followed by the Isle of Sark, Galloway Dark Sky Observatory, National Parks of Exmoor, Brecon Beacons, Northumberland with Kielder Forest and, just recently announced, Snowdonia National Park. The island of Saint Helena may well be the next on the agenda.

FIRST UK TOWN AWARD The award for Moffat, let’s not forget, makes Moffat the first town in UK, and possibly in Europe, to be granted Dark Sky Community status in this way by the IDA. But it is definitely not the end of the story; it is, I hope, the start of a process of night-time environmental improvement across the whole of the south of Scotland.

In the future an application may be made to the IDA to cover the complete county and also parts of adjoining local authorities. The Northumberland Dark Sky Park boundary is only eight miles from the Dumfries & Galloway extreme east boundary.

However, in developing a generic masterplan for the complete county, new and additional night-time environmental zones, in addition to those that exist in lighting industry guidance notes, will have to be devised.

And what, finally, do the residents of Moffat think of all this?

As highlighted earlier, the dark sky initiative has sparked a resurgence of local interest in astronomy. Additionally, many of the residents in Moffat have recognised the better light control provided by the new LED street lights.

Indeed, at least two have recorded the fact they can now identify the Milky Way from their gardens for the first time in many years.

Many local businesses and residents have written letters of support and the community council has received letters of support from the Dumfries & Galloway Lord Lieutenant, MSPs and also the council’s head of technical services.

James Paterson is practice director at dark sky consultancy Lighting Consultancy and Design Services

24 Emergency lighting

ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION As smart lighting solutions become more commonplace, using LED lighting technology in emergency lighting schemes requires careful thought and a thorough understanding of the application, argues Joseph Handley

T

here can be no question LED lighting technology has delivered, and continues to deliver, significant benefits for building owners/ operators and the environment.

At the same time, however, the characteristics of LED lighting often requires lighting specifiers to modify their approach if optimum performance is to be achieved.

Emergency lighting is an excellent case in point, and there are a number of factors that should be taken into account in order to arrive at the best solution.

Early LED emergency lighting fixtures often delivered a light output of around 50lm, and this was able to deliver a compliant emergency lighting solution with spacings of around 6m at typical ceiling heights. Indeed, this is still a technically and commercially viable solution.

As LED technology has improved, there has certainly been an increase in lumen output. Improvements in semiconductor technology now provide luminous flux in excess of 95lm in very small packages at power levels of

Lighting Journal April 2016

around 0.9W without significant thermal management. However, an increase in luminous flux will not necessarily give a proportionally linear increase in emergency lighting spacings.

It is essential therefore to factor the optical performance in the design.

Failing to do so can actually result in more luminaires being specified, with an increase in costs for the overall project.

The answer, then, is to make use of luminaires with tailored optics to ensure optimum distribution and maximise spacings, so resulting in a lower cost of ownership per square metre.

It is also important to be aware of the constraints imposed by the thermal characteristics of LED circuits.

Even with a carefully designed LED lamphead, it will still have an optimum performance point. Going beyond this may result in unnecessary power consumption and an inefficient product that may require more or larger batteries or offer no extra benefits in terms of output or performance.

So, while the performance of LED emergency lighting has increased over

time, this doesn’t mean we should just focus on delivering a higher lumen output. Instead, we should take advantage of these technical advances to reduce the size of emergency luminaires.

Lower lumen packages tailored for emergency lighting schemes are able to make use of lower power control gear, smaller lampheads, smaller drivers and smaller batteries.

Thus, smaller emergency luminaires have less visual impact on the space and make it easier for the lighting designer to address sensitive aesthetic requirements. The ideal situation is that the emergency lighting is only noticed when it is required – namely, when in emergency operation. And this applies to both conversions and stand-alone emergency luminaires.

KNOW THE APPLICATION For all of these reasons, arriving at the optimum solution means it is important to know the application.

Be aware of local standards, mounting heights, escape routes and

Emergency integrated seamlessly ELEDD MIDI emergency conversion modules have built-in adaptability and provide optimum output currents to drive multi-chip LED arrays up to 200V.

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Contact one of our technical experts to discuss our solution for your conversion requirements.

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26 Emergency lighting

Although the performance of LED emergency lighting has increased over time, this doesn’t mean designers should just focus on delivering a higher lumen output

any areas of risk and identify the types of lampheads and optics that are best suited for each space (for example high bay, corridor and so on).

In this respect, it can be very useful to carry out a risk assessment to help in determining the requirements for compliance. This may well involve working with the architect and end-user to understand the use of the space, as this will help to determine how best the scheme should be designed and maintained throughout the life of the installation.

It may also be useful to model the space in which the emergency lighting is to be installed. For instance, the lighting designer may find initial estimations based on generic spacing tables are in excess of the emergency light levels required.

With careful positioning and use of appropriate lamphead/optic arrangements, it may then be feasible to further optimise the spacings to reduce costs whilst ensuring the scheme is safe, compliant and designed to the application.

By focusing on application requirements, other factors, such as the way the emergency lighting scheme is powered, maintained and operated, play a much more vital role. This will ultimately result in a system being far more beneficial than if the lumen output was the sole focus.

UNDERSTAND THE POTENTIAL Emergency lighting now offers a whole range of options, which have been developed with engineers and end users in mind.

There are number of cases where emergency lighting has been neglected

Lighting Journal April 2016

or the maintenance requirements have not been fully understood by the individual who is responsible.

Implementing automatic test systems and intuitive emergency control platforms help engineers and end users to ensure the entire emergency lighting system is operating as intended and is compliant.

Emergency lighting controls that notify users of potential issues or problems that need further investigation all aid in demystifying the processes required to ensure good practice and maintain a simple approach to monitoring a small or large scale scheme.

As lighting has evolved to become part of the ‘Internet of Things’, emergency lighting doesn’t have to be seen as an entity that works against this switch to more intelligent, smart building platforms.

There is now the option to power and communicate with emergency lighting via category cable alone. This is great for adopters of the ‘Power over Ethernet’ revolution, as it means both the general lighting and emergency lighting can operate on the same type of cabling. This is turn helps to prevent costly isolation and additional terminations from trying to run a line voltage to ceiling luminaires.

Understanding the range of options available and selecting emergency lighting systems that work in harmony with general lighting will help to instil confidence in those that are tasked with maintenance and operation, resulting in a system which is monitored and checked regularly and properly.

However, the way emergency lighting is powered and monitored is not the

only consideration. Emergency lighting products are now available with a range of battery options, including lithium-ion.

Each battery will have its own benefits and drawbacks, putting the emphasis on understanding the requirements of the project. The temperature and environment the emergency lighting will be housed in has an impact on how the battery will perform, and has implications on lifespan. Most batteries can charge and operate consistently in a range of temperatures, but technologies such as lithium-ion may need additional precautions to prevent undesirable situations, such as thermal runaway.

It may seem daunting when considering which products are the best for the scheme, but with careful planning and understanding of existing systems or protocols, selecting the right product becomes straightforward.

The main point is to be aware emergency lighting has evolved, just the same as general lighting.

By focusing on the lumen output alone, this excludes any opportunities to reduce power consumption and save money on the total cost of the scheme.

Ultimately, just like any lighting scheme, emergency lighting needs to work as an integrated whole, in harmony with both the needs of the building and its occupants to create a safe and compliant system that is both future proof and fit for purpose.

Byline: Joseph Handley is design engineer at Mackwell Electronics

POINTS TO ADDRESS In designing an emergency lighting scheme to make best use of the technology available, it is important to consider the following points: • Understand the application • Know how the space will be used • Rather than focusing on lumens, look at the optics used and spacing table information • Model the space and see how the luminaires will perform • Ensure the scheme is safe and compliant by following local standards and regulations • Look at various technology options and battery variants available to see if these bring any benefits to the project • When working on a retrofit project, find out what the pain points were with any existing systems and try to avoid making similar mistakes • Seek advice from professionals when in doubt

Good lighting increases security!

Be inspired by timeless design – Made in Sweden Contact us today: Phone: +44 (0) 1952 250800 Email: info@aura-light.co.uk www.aura-light.co.uk / www.noral.se/en

28 Environmental impact of lighting

ANIMAL MAGIC What sort of harmful effects are your lighting designs potentially having on bats? You don’t care? You most definitely should, and here’s why, explains James Miles

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hile lighting has many advantages for humans, there are many unseen ways it changes the world we live in that are not positive. In this article I am going to cover some of the main areas in which lighting damages the environment around us. In particular I am going to focus on the damage being done to bats, although this is an issue that also affects insects, plants, river life, birds and other mammals.

Of course, there is an initial question here for lighting designers: ‘why should we care?’.

Other than moral issues and the age-old question of ‘what are we leaving behind for future generations?’, there are very tangible reasons why we should take the environment into consideration when producing a lighting design.

First, light pollution can now be prosecuted by law as a statutory nuisance and members of the public only have to put in a complaint to their environmental health officer to start an investigation.

Second, all species of bat are protected by the Wildlife & Countryside Act (1981), the Countryside and Rights of Way Act (2000) and the Conservation (Natural Habitats etc.) Regulations 1994. These make it illegal deliberately or recklessly to kill, injure, capture or disturb bats, obstruct access to bat roosts or damage or destroy bat roosts.

Lighting in the vicinity of a bat roost that causes disturbance could constitute an offence, unless the local statutory nature conservation organisation has been consulted and allowed time to provide advice. So, clearly, it is in our best interests to understand any possible problems before they arise.

FEEDING BEHAVIOUR What, then, first is the sort of damage we’re talking about here?

Because of their nocturnal nature and protected status, many studies have been carried out on bats and a lot more information is available on them. What is very clear is that artificial lighting can affect the feeding behavior of bats.

In most bat species there is an evening period of activity followed by another at dawn. These two flights correlate with the peak flight times of nocturnal insect prey. Part of this is because of lighting affecting their food supply by reducing the amount of insects available, but it is also because of certain species of bat being stopped from hunting the insects as they instinctively avoid light sources.

In one important bat site in Suffolk, for example, numbers of Natterer’s, whiskered, Daubenton’s and brown long-eared bats fell following the installation of street lamps nearby.

Lighting can be particularly harmful if used along river corridors, near woodland edges and near hedgerows used

Lighting Journal April 2016

Maintaining Maintaining city citylighting lighting Without Withoutscouting scouting the thestreets streetsatatnight night Making Making lighting lighting system system maintenance maintenance efficient efficient andand responsive responsive while while cutting cutting costs costs is no is longer no longer as as impossible impossible as itas may it may seem. seem.

By combining By combining energy energy efficient efficient LEDLED street street lighting lighting withwith cellular cellular communications communications andand cloud cloud based based lighting lighting management, management, we can we can create create connected connected networks networks thatthat transform transform the the wayway street street lights lights are are monitored, monitored, managed, managed, andand maintained. maintained.

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30 Environmental impact of lighting

Lighting can be particularly harmful if used near woodland edges and near hedgerows used by bats

by bats. Studies have shown that continuous lighting along roads creates barriers that bats cannot cross. For example, Daubenton’s bats move their flight paths to avoid street lighting.

Artificial lighting can also increase the chances of predation. It is believed the Plecotus and Myotis species of bat shun bright light as a predator-avoidance strategy. Many avian predators will hunt bats, which may be one reason why bats avoid flying in the day.

This poses a paradox for bats that does not affect many other animals. Their food is attracted to light, but so are their predators. Therefore, with bats that hunt around lighting increase their chances of being hunted; those that do not risk starvation.

WHAT CAN LIGHTING DESIGNERS DO? Currently there are guides in place by the ILP with regard to light pollution and the lighting of areas with bats, which make comments on best practice. However, I would like to take these recommendations and combine them with the issues raised in this paper.

At the moment the guidance for bats is that it is best to use Son or Sox lighting to minimize the effects on their surroundings because of their low UV content and low attraction to insects.

However, Son lighting can be harmful to plant life, so if this option is to be used consideration of the local area would be needed.

Metal halide lamps are effectively ruled out, too. The use of HQI with a UV shield could be investigated as this brings the UV content down to about 1.5%, but there are still significant levels of violet and blue light which are going to affect melatonin levels and attract insects.

Nevertheless, because of the guidance notes some people seem to interpret SON or SOX lighting as not a

Lighting Journal April 2016

disturbance for bats and that as long as a sodium light source is used then normal lighting levels can be used.

This simply is not the case. Indeed, in a paper published

by Dr Emma Stone of Bristol University in 2009, she stated that sodium lighting still affects some bats even at low light levels (3.5 lux). Slow flying bats like Rhinolophus hipposideros and Myotis spp are most affected by light, regardless of the light source So, it is important a detailed environmental report is done and that consideration to both the type of wildlife and species is considered to ensure they are not adversely affected.

CURRENT PRACTICES AND TECHNOLOGY Guidance notes on the reduction of light spill show us the best way to minimize light pollution is by using fittings with an Imax (peak intensity) of 70 degrees or below, and to use fittings that do not have a direct upward light component (ULOR of zero), such as flat glass road lanterns or asymmetric floodlights. However, the notes do not go as far as to talk about the positioning of fittings.

The best solution for reducing light trespass is to light from the edge of the site. This reduces the spill light and minimizes source intensity values to the surrounding area.

An ideal solution uses a post top with zero upward light and a 180 degree spill shield, which means that no light escapes from the site.

On roadways, fittings should be flat glass with a good optical control ensuring a minimum of backward light. This means the fittings can be positioned between the road and area containing wildlife so the fittings face away from any animals they might disturb.

Positioning of fittings is very important as consideration of the lighting levels falling on to things such as bat hides must be taken into account, and detailed calculations produced to

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32 Environmental impact of lighting 1.2

Normillized intensity

1 0.8

5700 K

0.6

4000 K

0.4 0.2 0 380

480

580

680

700

Wave length λ(nm) Spectral light distribution: future possibilities – LED does not produce UV or IR light and directionality is more bat friendly

ensure the bats’ cycle is not disrupted, as some species of bat will sample the lighting levels prior to leaving the hide. It is also important to avoid mounting light fittings along a waterway, as this could draw out insects and affect feeding patterns of other animals.

Artificial lighting is a key biodiversity threat. Artificial lighting consumes 19% of the world’s electricity and produces 1,900 million tonnes of CO2 emissions globally, more than three times that produced by aviation.

On top of this, artificial lighting is currently expanding at 6% per year so there is a real need to reduce the amount of electricity required by lighting. Local authorities and the lighting industry as a whole have acknowledged this, and the prevalence of LED lighting shows we are moving in the right direction. But could the future of the lighting industry also benefit wildlife directly as well as indirectly benefit the reduction of climate change?

There are many benefits of LED Lighting for wildlife. Firstly, LED lighting does not produce any ultraviolet or infrared light, meaning it is much less attractive to many species of insect.

Also because it has low levels in the red spectrum it poses less of a problem for plants and birds. To further reduce the impact to plants and birds a green light wavelength could be used. Indeed, this would also be good for humans, as our scotopic vision (the vision of the eye under low light conditions) is optimal at a wavelength of 498 (green).

However, there are drawbacks for wildlife when using

LED light sources. The Royal Society’s journal Biology Letters recently published an article on LED lighting located at harbours and coastal areas.

The study by Dr Thomas Davies of the University of Exeter found LED light disturbed Plumularia setacea (a small, bristle-like creature) as well as a colonial sea squirt, which moved to areas not lit.

Other creatures, such as the Keel worm were drawn to the light, which potentially can cause a real problem for shipping. This is because when these invertebrates are at the larval stage of their lifecycle, they use light to seek out the best place to cling to, where they will then spend their adult years. In this instance, being attracted to the light can mean them being more likely to attach themselves to the hulls of docked ships, so slowing them down or even damaging them.

When it comes to bats, as we have seen in the research of Bristol’s Dr Stone, we do see a reduction in activity of slow-flying bats (Rhinolophus hipposideros and Myotis spp) even during low light levels of 3.6 lux.

However, and more positively, LED lighting had no effect on the relatively fast-flying bat species Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Pipistrellus pygmaeus and Nyctalus/Eptesicus spp.

Further good news is that Dr Stone noted a lower attraction of insects and subsequent feeding under LED lighting compared to other HID sources.

The Grand Canal Dublin: lighting scheme has reduced light spill on the path without compromising on required lighting levels

Lighting Journal April 2016

Environmental impact of lighting 33

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CONCLUSIONS It is clear there is no one-size-fits-all when it comes to lighting and wildlife. LEDs do give us the flexibility to cater on a caseby-case basis, however. With the right ecological research, bespoke solutions can be designed to minimize the impact of lighting. In real terms however, the amount of development required would not result in any return on investment.

So what does that leave us with? The only realistic option is light controls and, because of mounting pressures from conservation groups, there is a greater need for manufacturers to think outside the box.

A perfect example of this is the lighting design done for the Grand Canal in Dublin by Alex Naper from Urbis Schréder. Because of a local bat population, it was deemed that the lighting to the canal pathway would have to have a cut-off that gave no more than 0.25 lux on the canal.

This gave birth to a louver design that dramatically reduced light spill yet still achieved the lighting levels required on the path.

More widely, there are strong calls from many conservation groups to switch off street lighting. With LED replacements becoming more common, this pressure is increasing as poor design and simplistic ‘like for like’ swaps with high colour temperatures and poor light control luminaires sour public opinion.

As lighting designers and engineers we have to recognise that our industry has a real effect on the world in which we

live, and our actions have far-reaching consequences on the ecological system.

So it is up to us to examine the projects we work on more closely and question the norms that have been in place for decades.

This may mean taking a more holistic approach on a design or considering things such surface reflectance and luminance to determine the level of light needed for a task or giving more consideration to the spectral distribution and specific wavelength power of a light source.

We also need to work with conservation and critical groups to produce accurate solutions. While someone can be an expert in wildlife, they probably are not an expert in lighting and vice versa. We need to have a better understanding the effect of our lighting designs on local flora and fauna.

Therefore, ‘why should we care?’ – because we need to be leading changes that will affect us rather than simply following or responding.

Ultimately, if we as individuals and an industry show no interest in this area, decisions and legislation are going to be made, perhaps on assumptions or inaccurate data, that may mean we are forced to design using methodology or technology that is either out of date or sub optimal, or both.

James Miles is product application engineer at Kingfisher Lighting

34 Light School at the Surface Design Show

Well attended: visitor numbers were up to the show as a whole, and Light School was a definite draw

LEARNING LIGHTLY With a diverse range of speakers and exhibitors, this year’s Light School proved a draw with architects, engineers, designers, manufacturers and specifiers alike.

Lighting Journal dug out its ruler, pencil case and protractor and went along

A

s testimonials go, the following comment by mondo*arc editor Paul James pretty much sums up why Light School at the Surface Design Show in February is becoming an increasing important fixture within the lighting landscape.

‘Light School has brought in some excellent lighting designers to share their knowledge about light to interior designers who visit the show for inspiration,’ said

Lighting Journal April 2016

Paul in the wake of the three-day show and event. ‘It’s important that lighting design is shared with other design professions, and Light School fulfils that brief perfectly.’ The 2016 event was the third year Light School, which is supported by the Institution of Lighting Professionals and presented by Light Collective, has been at the Surface Design Show, which highlights innovation within exterior and interior surfaces, architecture and design.

INCREASED VISITOR NUMBERS The show itself at Islington’s Business Design Centre in north London attracted some 5,600 professional visitors, a 5% increase on 2015, the vast majority of them from the worlds of architecture, interior design and, of course, lighting.

There were this year some 150 exhibitors.

And Light School, it appeared, is becoming an increasingly important draw within the wider mix of the show.

Light School at the Surface Design Show 35 The show’s organisers estimated that, of the 5,600 people who came through the doors, around half were there, at least in part, because of an interest in lighting products, and around 5.5% (so around 300) came from lighting design practices.

The year saw Light School comprise three distinct elements. First there was ‘The School Room’, essentially a rolling

WIDE RANGE OF SPEAKERS But Graham was just one of many speakers over the duration of the school.

Speakers this year included Christopher Knowlton, principal at lighting design consultancy Electrolight, who gave a fascinating talk on the importance of thinking of lighting as simply another element of the architectural fabric, and an

The School Room: a rolling set of lighting-focused presentations and seminars

set of presentations and seminars around lighting and lighting design, this year sponsored by iGuzzini and with mondo*arc is its media partner.

Second, there was ‘Product School’, an exhibition area where architects and designers could learn about lighting innovation, new technology and new products.

Exhibitors included the ILP, iGuzzini, Xicato, Applelec, Optelma, Trilux, Concord, LED Linear and Spectral.

Finally, there was ‘The School Newspaper’, sponsored by Xicato, a free newspaper sent out to 70,000 architects, designers and specifiers, as well as given out to every attendee of Light School.

‘I think something like Light School is a really great thing to have. As a profession, lighting professionals – designers, manufacturers and engineers – spend too much time talking to each other,’ lighting designer Graham Festenstein, of Graham Festenstein Lighting Design, told the journal after the event.

‘So it is incredibly valuable to able to show other parts of the profession the things we can do and the benefit we can bring, professionally or commercially,’ Graham himself gave a presentation on last October’s successful LewesLight festival of light in his home town of Lewes, East Sussex, (Lighting Journal, January 2016), standing in at the last minute for Mark Ridler, lighting director for BDP and ILP Vice President, Architectural, when he was taken ill.

article based on his talk is published in this edition of Lighting Journal.

Similarly, Melissa Mak, senior lighting designer at Arup, outlined the work her firm has been doing around the proposed new London Garden Bridge, with a fuller article based on her talk again published in this edition.

Sally Storey of Lighting Design International outlined how light can be used to reinforce a retailer’s brand and the shopper’s retail experience, while Michael Grubb of Michael Grubb Studio examined how to add value to retail lighting schemes.

Sticking with retail, Ellie Coombs, director at Nulty+, outlined how lighting design, and in particular colour rendering, is increasingly being used to reinforce (and direct) a customer’s retail experience and emotional connection to the brand.

David Atkinson of David Atkinson Lighting Design outlined the different approaches taken by his consultancy to creating the lighting design for the UAE Pavilion at the Milan Expo, and was later full of praise for the event. ‘Very engaging audience with great interaction, the Light School was overflowing! Product School looked great this year,’ he said.

Another who enthused about this year’s school was Neil Knowles, director at Elektra Lighting, who gave a talk on the importance of colour temperature selections in design decisions. He said afterwards: ‘Really pleased with the turnout for the talk; well attended, great

questions from intelligent people. Overall good show, great lighting area with all the familiar faces.’

Independent lighting consultant David McNair examined the complexities of lighting for people with dementia, while Sanjit Bahra, director of consultancy DesignPlusLight, looked at the company’s recent work at London’s Southbank

As a profession, lighting professionals – designers, manufacturers and engineers – spend too much time talking to each other. So it is incredibly valuable to be able to show other parts of the profession the things we can do and the benefit we can bring, professionally or commercially Place, a project highlighted in the February 2016 edition of Lighting Journal.

James Siddle, senior technical lighting designer at Ideaworks, outlined some intriguing research around the effects of good, and bad, lighting on gamblers.

Anna Kharchenkova, associate lighting designer at Light Bureau, returned to the connection between lighting and the retail experience. Articles based on both these presentations will be published in Lighting Journal in the coming months.

That was by no means all of this year’s speakers, but it serves to give a taste of the breadth of the discussion and debate.

As Graham Festenstein argued in conclusion: ‘For specifiers, architects and designers to have a clearer understanding of what lighting designers can bring to the table, that is really valuable.

‘A lot of the big consultancies will, of course, already know this, but especially for smaller projects it can sometimes be a little bit hit or miss as to whether people fully understand or appreciate what it is the lighting designer can do for them.

In that context, an event such as Light School is a really good idea,’ he added.

Lighting Journal April 2016

36 CIE Melbourne conference report

AUSTRALIA FAIR The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) held its Melbourne conference on 3-4 March. Nigel Parry was there for Lighting Journal

M

arch’s CIE Conference, ‘Lighting Quality & Energy Efficiency’, was held at the Sofitel in the centre of Melbourne, a city that has been voted the best city to live for the past two years and having spent a few days here I can see why.

The weather was balmy and the numerous parks and building architecture, combined with a lively café and bar open-air culture endears it to one and all.

Tony Bergen, the Australian CIE chair, welcomed all to Melbourne and paid his respects to the local people on the first day of the three-day conference.

The days commenced with an invited speaker and then split into various streams for over 50 presentations on current and topical lighting issues plus workshops and of course poster presentations. I will outline the three invited papers and focus on the reports of research in the road lighting sector that primarily makes up the commission’s Division 4.

INTERACTIVE SIGNALS The first of the main papers was given by Bruce Ramus, who started his lighting career in the rock ‘n’ roll world of tours and worked with notable bands including U2.

He then started his own design studio, Ramus Illumination, and now specialises in dynamic architectural lighting. His paper was entitled ‘Quality of light – reflecting our rhythms’. He demonstrated a few of his designs around Australia, which use the latest LED displays and interactive signals to provide lighting to public spaces, and which indeed reflect its use and the people using it.

This approach combines a sensitive use of light and colour to produce animated lighting displays of extraordinary quality, such as his blue and green display near Darling Harbour in Sydney, a very popular public space, and his display in an open shopping mall in Brisbane VISUAL AND NON-VISUAL STIMULUS The second day’s main paper was given by Professor Anya Hurlbert, professor of visual neuroscience at Newcastle University Newcastle in the UK (not Australia), on ‘Tuning light to see and feel better’. This looked at not only the visual stimulus but also the non-visual. Her studies have used tuneable LED lights to help understand human behaviour.

Her work has also looked at the phenomenon of human colour constancy.

Bruce Ramus: the former U2 lighting designer is now creating stunning animated lighting displays in public spaces

Lighting Journal April 2016

CIE Melbourne conference report 37 Professor Herbert demonstrated a recent study done at the National Gallery in London where images of paintings were under different and changing lighting conditions. Blue light seemed to have the greater effect but she also noted that colour constancy may get better with age, adding ‘well that’s one thing that gets better’.

Professor Anya Hurlbert: using LEDs to understand human behaviour

ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS Bryan King, director of New Zealand lighting consultancy Strategic Lighting Partners, presented a paper, ‘Applying Advanced Energy Metrics in ANZ’, where he outlined how the Australian and New Zealand lighting community are in the process of updating their standards and looking across the world to compare activity and requirements.

One area it was recognised they needed to improve was energy efficiency management, and so were looking to take Part 5 of the new EN 13201 code to enable them to move forward rapidly with this.

To date there has been little monitoring of energy efficiency within Australia and New Zealand and, where there has been, it has been with little or no consistency. The ANZ committee is therefore looking at adopting a star rating approach to lighting designs to provide guidance, much like the approach already taken in the Netherlands.

Another trend Bryan highlighted was the slow take-up of new lighting technology, of both LED luminaires and smart controls. This is in part because of the ownership of the lighting asset being with the energy companies in Australia, he argued. The lighting community was nevertheless pushing to get changes underway and, in essence, catch up with the US, China and Europe.

A recent survey based on energy efficiency metrics had shown LEDs do provide significant savings and on traffic routes were ten times better that the worst solution, and on residential 27 times better and will use this to influence the decision makers, Bryan emphasised.

SHORTER TECHNICAL PAPERS Following the main speakers were numerous shorter technical papers and I have highlighted a few below.

Bryan King: Australia and New Zealand is looking to copy the Netherlands and bring in a star-rating system for road lighting efficiency

Steve Fotios, ‘Varying facial expressions in studies of interpersonal judgements and pedestrian lighting’ Professor Steve Fotios, professor of lighting and visual perception at the Sheffield University’s School of Architecture, presented the first paper of the last day of the conference, which as a day was focused more on road lighting.

His paper did not provide an update on lighting but rather looked at the problems associated with facial recognition and comparing differing methodologies.

Taking the standard emotions as being anger, disgust, fear, happiness, neutral and sad, he asked how does the light source affect our ability to be able to recognise the different states?

To date, he suggested there were no discernible differences apparent from using different lamps.

Professor Fotios gave a second paper based on research in Germany on driver behaviour on both traffic routes and residential roads, especially on where the drivers tended to look as they drove along the road.

This research found age and experience provide a better viewing strategy, with such drivers taking a wider view at junctions and narrower on straight roads. On residential roads, drivers often looked to the side with parked cars, the research also concluded.

Lighting Journal April 2016

38 CIE Melbourne conference report Rob van Huer, ‘Maintenance factor for public lighting’ Rob, project engineer at Laborelec in Belgium, has been looking at build-up of dirt and asking if different MF values are still valid.

He took 60 luminaries and tested them after three years’ use, photometred them dirty and again after a thorough clean, and then again compared the performance.

What he found was that a dirty standard luminaire (with bowl) had degradation of 8-10%, yet a flat glass luminaire of between 30-45%, particularly at the crucial gamma angle between 40-80 degs.

Rob van Huer: analysis of dirt build-up and different MF values

Overall, when compared, there was no real difference between curve bowl and flat glass for the C planes near C25 and C165, but for Gamma the 40-80degs showed big difference between curve 7% and a flatglass at 14%.

At this time, he found no noticeable difference between LED and HID light sources. The study is ongoing and will continue to measure every 2,000 hours, which will inform a future report and help determine future MF values for the LED luminaires Maurice Donners, ‘Road lighting for ageing drivers’ The study by Maurice Donners, secretary of Division 4, focused on ageing car drivers, with the caveat that ageing drivers often stop driving themselves when their vision decreases. In particular, the study wanted to examine use of target visibility to see if an ageing driver could correctly anticipate an object on the road.

Using retired colleagues from Philips (aged 65-75), the study measured them on a short test road where they carried out a variety of tests and set a ‘standard’ reaction time to be 1.5 seconds.

The basic early conclusions of this suggested greater variation in performance increases, but age alone is not an indicator of performance. Indeed, the visibility level seems to be useful even ignoring the age.

Nigel Parry is CIE Division 4 editor and honorary treasurer of CIE in the UK. Outside of CIE, he is principal for OrangeTek

HELP WITH RESEARCH

All this international research will continue, and the CIE has a ‘top ten’ of projects that it is focusing on. Within Division 4, the main topics will be: • Integrated glare metric • Adaptive, intelligent and dynamic lighting • Recommendations for conditional lighting, ageing population and the visually impaired After the conference was complete, the CIE’s technical committees met over three days. In Melbourne some ten panels met and the members discussed all aspects of the report and content. These included the following: • TC4-33: Discomfort & Disability Glare in Road Lighting • TC 4-40(49): Requirements for Retroreflective Traffic Signs & Guide to Properties and uses of Retroreflectors at night • TC 4-46(XX): Roundels 300mm • TC4-47: Application of LEDs in transport lighting and signalling • TC4-50: Road Surface Reflection • TC 4-51: Optimization of Road Lighting • TC4-52: Lighting for Pedestrians – new empirical data • TC4-53: Tunnels Lighting Evolution • TC4-54: Lighting for the Elderly • JTC 01: Mesopic Lighting in Outdoor Lighting Some of the above panels are nearing publication whilst others are just starting. If you think you have something to offer to any of these, then please get involved, as CIE needs more input from academic researchers and practitioners alike.

If you’re interested, please contact the UK CIE committee on how to be a part of this research. To do this, simply contact Allan Howard (allan. howard@WSPGroup.com), Nick Smith (nws@nicksmithassociates.com) or myself (nigel.parry@orangetek.co.uk) for further information.

Lighting Journal April 2016

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40 View from from the the ILP: ILP: infrastructure The Lighting Column Technical Forum 40 View and highways lighting

SIMPLY A LAMP POST? What was once a simple lighting column now requires the specifier and the manufacturer to consider a whole host of variables to ensure the product is fit for its intended purpose, as Alan Jenvey explains

O

ur ever-changing marketplace has said goodbye to the days when a ‘lamp post’ was a necessary evil to hold the lantern in the right place.

Design standards, steel quality, welding integrity, corrosion protection, aesthetics and functionality are all now very important factors for a good quality modern lighting column.

As a minimum, all lighting columns supplied for use within the UK and EEC should be designed and manufactured to the requirements of EN40. In the UK PD6547:2004+A1:2009 is a document published to give guidance on the use of EN40.

This document sets out rationalised wind loading for all administrative regions, gives guidance on terrain category, deflection class, sign classes and foundation requirements. It is sometimes misconstrued that, when other supplementary standards are specified, elements of EN40 can be ignored or disregarded; this should not be the case.

When specifying a lighting column, the location information and attachment loads are critical to a safe design.

Questions that should be asked before selecting the right column include: • Is the installation location near to the coast?

• Are there any special topographical features?

• Is the location elevated above

Lighting Journal April 2016

normal ground level, on a car park roof, for example?

• What other attachments other than a lantern will be mounted on the column? For example, festive decorations, banners, hanging baskets, signage, CCTV, catenary cables, and so on.

• What are their positions, sizes and weights?

• Are there any special serviceability requirements?

• Local specifications also need to be reviewed and complied with where necessary.

The requirement for specific door types, their position, minimum material grades, thickness and tolerance requirements, specific sign sizes and unique loading criteria are just some of the requirements that should be set out in contract specification documents.

CE MARKING OF COLUMNS From 1 July 2013, CE marking of lighting columns to EN40 within the UK became a legal requirement under construction products regulations (CPR).

Conformité Européenne, or ‘European Conformity’ is a manufacturer’s declaration that the product complies with the requirements of the relevant harmonised European product standards and construction products regulations.

CE marking aims to provide a level playing field of minimum requirements across the European Community.

However, even if a lighting column has a CE mark, this does not automatically mean that it is fit for purpose. In addition to the minimum requirements, local specifications must be considered along with the loading requirements of the contract.

A lighting column can be designed and CE marked to carry a very small lantern only, in an ‘extra light’ wind loading region, it would not be suitable for installation in a ‘extra heavy’ wind loading region with floodlights and a large sign, for example.

Responsibility for CE compliance is throughout the supply chain until reaching the end user.

From July 1, 2014, CE marking under CPR for EN40 products became a legal requirement. Other column structures designed using EN40, such as floodlighting or CCTV poles, may also need CE marking.

Within the UK, for the supply of lighting columns on to Highways England infrastructure, BD94/07 is mandatory and should be applied in addition to EN40.

Before supplying lighting columns on to Highways Agency infrastructure, manufacturers must be certified to the relevant National Highways Sector Scheme, NHSS6.

Some local government authorities

View from the ILP: The Lighting Column Technical Forum 41 also adopt this requirement within their own specifications. BD94/07 and NHSS6 set out further structural, performance and quality checks, the provision for a road sign, fatigue checking on columns above 9m, impact loading for the design of flange plated columns and a more onerous deflection class amongst other things.

Other standards commonly used within this sector are EN12899 for fixed vertical road traffic signs and the ILP’s Professional Lighting Guide 07 (formally ILE Technical Report No 7) used for the design of high masts, taller CCTV and telecommunication structures.

Corrosion protection is another very important element for the durability of lighting columns. The product has to look both aesthetically pleasing and to be durable enough to safely perform its role for several decades.

For aluminium columns, this focuses on protecting the root of the column from electrochemical attack, usually by providing a root protection system.

LEVEL OF PROTECTION The basic level of protection for steel lighting columns is now typically hot dip galvanising. This level of protection is frequently enhanced either for AD - ILP - Vacancy - Lighting Design FLATTENED.pdf appearance or extra durability by adding 1 a paint or similar protection system.

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The Highways England Specification for Highway Work Series 1900 and NG1900 provide extensive guidance on a variety of systems and has recently been revised to provide details of the latest products available.

These documents can be downloaded from the website http://www. standardsforhighways.co.uk/.

To explain the new paint systems, the Lighting Column Technical Forum has published new guidance on the additional protection of lighting columns and their root. This can be downloaded free of charge from the LCTF website, www.lctf.org.uk.

These documents are intended to provide guidance to those who have responsibility for the specification of steel lighting columns. They provide a basis for defining the severity of the environment into which any steel lighting column will be installed, taking into account environmental conditions above and below ground and the expected life of the column, and go on to offer guidance in the selection of appropriate protection systems.

The safe installation of new LED luminaires on existing lighting columns as well as the desire to maximise the benefit from existing assets by 29/03/2016 16:05:53cities’ infrastructure to adding ‘smart lighting columns means both lighting

columns and the LCTF will continue to have a central role in safely delivering energy saving lighting and wider communication services to the general public.

For any ILP members who have further questions or are seeking advice, please feel free to contact the LCTF secretary on secretary@LCTF.org.uk To conclude, to the uninitiated it is ‘just a humble lamp post’, but to the lighting industry the lighting column is an integral structure within our road network and urban landscape, one that plays a vital role towards enhancing safety, security, communications and the visual aesthetics in our towns and countryside.

Alan Jenvey is secretary of the ILP’s Lighting Column Technical Forum

ABOUT THE LCTF The Lighting Column Technical Forum is a section of ILP and was established to provide a source of knowledge, expertise and information on all aspects of lighting column specification, design, manufacture, supply, storage and installation together with many of the associated products, materials and treatments.

42

Future concept

ON A ROLL A three-year European research project has developed flexible lighting foils that can be produced roll-to-roll, and is predicting at least elements of this new technology could soon be commercially viable. Lighting Journal investigates

F

lexible OLED light sources that can be produced roll-to-roll, much like a conventional print newspaper, could become a commercial reality, following ground-breaking work by a European research project.

The European Union-funded TREASORES project (Transparent Electrodes for Large Area Large Scale Production of Organic Optoelectronic Devices) brought together a consortium of research institutes, universities and commercial organisations from across five EU countries to look at future lighting solutions.

In particular, the consortium, which was led by Empa, the

Lighting Journal April 2016

Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, was tasked with developing flexible lighting foils that could be produced roll-to-roll.

NEXT GENERATION OPTOELECTRONICS The hope is this new technology will dramatically reduce the production costs of organic electronic devices such as solar cells and LED lighting panels.

The result of the three-year project, which concluded late last year, is the development of a range of new production processes around the creation of transparent electrode and barrier materials for use in the next generation of flexible optoelectronics.

These include electrodes-on-flexible substrates that use either carbon nanotubes, metal fibres or thin silver films. According to Professor Frank Nüesch of Empa, who led the project, versions of these are either already being produced commercially or expected to be so during this year.

As he explains: ‘I am very much looking forward to seeing the first commercial products made using materials from the project in 2016.

‘I do not think we will see full OLED panels this year, although this is an area that manufacturers such as Philips and Osram are working on. The first commercially viable product is most likely to be the highly conductive, flexible electrodes that can be manufactured on a roll-to-roll machine. So it will be one component of the device.

‘More widely, however, I do not think we are that far away from full industrialisation, because organic lightemitting displays are already on the market. What we have been creating is different, because of employing low cost

roll-to-toll processes. This imposes quite drastic requirements to ultrabarrier foils, including the need to be absolutely tight against water vapour and oxygen, besides being transparent and compatible with roll-to-roll manufacturing ‘But I do think we could see largescale production of this type of lighting within a decade, perhaps even within five years,’ says Professor Nüesch.

The electrodes have been tested with several types of optoelectronic devices, using rolls of more than 100m in length.

To demonstrate the commercial feasibility of the project, the Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics, Electron Beam and Plasma Technology in Germany manufactured a roll of OLED light sources incorporating the project logo using roll-to-roll techniques, on a thin silver electrode itself developed within the project by German firm Rowo Coating.

Flexible fabric electrodes were produced in a roll-to-roll process by incorporating woven metallic wires. The result was a transparent and flexible electrode with very low electrical resistivity and high total optical transmission throughout the visible and near infrared spectrum.

CHEAPER LIGHT SOURCES While such processing techniques have the potential to make light sources and solar cells much cheaper in future, a key challenge was the recognition they would also require flexible and transparent electrodes and water impermeable barriers if they were to be commercially viable.

These solutions were therefore also developed by the TREASORES project, with the consortium creating alternative electrodes that, according to Empa, are both cheaper to manufacture and do not rely on the import of indium, as is the case for the present dominating technology based on indium tin oxide. Moreover, Tomasz Wanski from the Fraunhofer FEP, because of the new electrodes, the OLED light source is homogeneous over a large area, achieving an efficiency of 25 lumens per watt, as good as the much slower sheet-to-sheet production process for equivalent devices.

Lighting Journal November/December 2015

Future concept One of the UK consortium partners, the Middlesex-based National Physical Laboratory, also developed new methods to ensure the electrodes would still work after being repeatedly bent, a test that it is anticipated could become a standard in the field.

A further focus of the project was the development, testing and scaled-up production of new approaches to transparent barrier foils, or the plastic layers that prevent oxygen and water vapour from reaching the sensitive organic electronic devices.

Prototype high performance lowcost barriers were produced, and Swiss consortium partner Amcor Flexibles Kreuzlingen is working to develop commercial adaptations of this technology.

Such high-performance barriers are essential to achieve the device lifetimes necessary for commercial application, as solar cells are only economically or ecologically worthwhile if their efficiency and lifetime are high enough.

Also from the UK, flexible solar technology company Eight19 examined how to reduce production costs through the use of plastic solar cells. As the company’s chief technology officer Michael Niggemann explains: ‘The TREASORES project was a success THE TREASORES PROJECT The TREASORES project was a European Union-funded project with a remit to examine new, and cheaper, ways to produce largearea organic electronics, such as lighting panels and solar cells.

The project comprised a consortium (see below) of organisations from five European countries, and included universities, research institutions, multi-national companies and smaller and medium organisations.

It was a three-year initiative launched in 2012 and concluded last October, and with a final review completed in November.

The project’s focus was on developing materials and processes compatible with roll-to-roll processing technology, in particular transparent electrodes, barrier foils and encapsulation layers.

The project was funded through a combination of €9 million from the European Commission and an additional €6 million from the project partners.

for Eight19 as it made a significant contribution to the reduction in manufacturing cost of Eight19’s plastic solar cells.

‘This was achieved through the customised development and up-scaling of low-cost barriers and electrodes in the project consortium. It is an essential step towards the commercialisation of Eight19’s organic photovoltaic.”

A further challenge that had to be overcome was the necessity to make the barrier and electrode foils extremely flat, smooth and clean.

Optoelectronic devices have active layers of only a few hundred nanometres (less than 1% of the width of a human hair), and even small surface irregularities or invisibly tiny dust particles can lead to uneven illumination and shorter lifetimes.

Nevertheless, by combining the production of barriers with electrodes (instead of using two separate plastic substrates), Empa has argued the TREASORES project has shown production costs can be further reduced and, potentially, devices made thinner and more flexible.

When, or how, such devices come to market, and how they are then applied commercially, is, of course, the big unanswered question. But commercially

The partners in the project were: • Empa (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology), Switzerland • Technical University of Dresden, Germany • Fraunhofer FEP, Fraunhofer ISC, Fraunhofer IVV and Fraunhofer ISE, Germany • The University of Valencia, Spain • Aalto University, Finland • CIC Nanogune, Spain • NPL Management Ltd, UK

43

viable roll-to-roll OLED light sources may just have come a significant step closer.

Solar cells from the TREASORES project were in 2013 tested in the extreme conditions of Uganda

Osram GmbH, Germany Canatu Oy, Finland Amanuensis GmbH, Switzerland Sefar AG, Switzerland Amcor Flexibles, Switzerland and Germany • Rowo Coating GmbH, Germany • Eight19 Ltd, UK • Quantis Sàrl, Switzerland

• • • • •

More details about the project can be found online at http://treasores.eu

Lighting Journal April 2016

Lighting Consultants Carl Ackers

Mark Chandler

Alan Jaques

Built Environment Consulting Ltd

MMA Lighting Consultancy Ltd

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Exterior lighting consultant’s who specialise in all aspects of street lighting design, section 38’s, section 278’s, project management and maintenance assistance. We also undertake lighting appraisals and environmental lighting studies

Professional consultancy providing technical advice, design and management services for exterior and interior applications including highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting. Advisors on energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

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Award winning professional multi-disciplinary lighting design consultants. Extensive experience in technical design and delivery across all areas of construction, including highways, public realm and architectural projects. Providing energy efficient design and solutions.

Providing exterior lighting and ITS consultancy and design services and specialising in the urban and inter-urban environment. Our services span the complete Project Life Cycle for both the Public and Private Sector

Chartered engineer with wide experience in exterior and public realm lighting. All types and scales of project, including transport, tunnels, property development (both commercial and residential) and sports facilities. Particular expertise in planning advice, environmental impact assessment and expert witness.

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WSP | Parsons Brinckerhof

LED

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Professional lighting consultancy offering technical advice, design and management for exterior and hazardous area lighting, services for architectural lighting using the latest colour changing technologies and advice on energy and asset management, policy and strategy preparation..

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Capita are a market leading design consultant, who specialise in street lighting design, LED retrofit schemes and project management. We also provide budget reducing solutions through technical expertise in products, specifications and procurement. We offer energy reduction advice, funding mechanisms and financial evaluations.

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Public and private sector professional services providing design, technical support, contract and policy development for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways applications. PFI technical advisor and certifier support, HERS registered personnel.

Professional lighting design consultancy offering technical advice, design and management services for exterior/interior applications for highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting. Advisors on lighting and energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

Lorraine Calcott

Philip Hawtrey

Anthony Smith

it does lighting ltd

Mouchel

Stainton Lighting Design Services Ltd

T: 01254 273000 E: simon.butt@capita.co.uk

IEng MILP MSLL MIoD

Milton Keynes, MK14 6GD

T: 01908 698869 E: Information@itdoes.co.uk

www.itdoes.co.uk

Award winning lighting design practice specialising in interior, exterior, flood and architectural lighting with an emphasis on section 278/38, town centre regeneration and mitigation for ecology issues within SSSI’s/SCNI’s.Experts for the European Commission and specialists in circadian lighting

BTech IEng MILP MIET

Sutton Coldfield B72 1PH

Widely experienced professional technical consultancy services in exterior lighting and electrical installations, providing sustainable and innovative solutions, environmental assessments, ‘Invest to Save’ strategies, lighting policies, energy procurement, inventory management and technical support. PFI Technical Advisor, Designer and Independent Certifier.

Specialist in: Motorway, Highway Schemes, Illumination of Buildings, Major Structures, Public Artworks, Amenity Area Lighting, Public Spaces, Car Parks, Sports Lighting, Asset Management, Reports, Plans, Assistance, Maintenance Management, Electrical Design and Communication Network Design.

Clayton Fourie Consultancy Ltd

WSP | Parsons Brinckerhof

BEng(Hons) CEng FILP FSLL London WC2A 1AF

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T: 07827 306483 E: allan.howard@wspgroup.com

Internationally experienced multi-disciplinary consultants. We provide design and technical advice on all aspects of exterior lighting, hazardous area lighting, traffic signals and other highway electrical works.We also provide Planning Advice, Road Safety Audits and Expert Witness Services

Professional artificial and daylight lighting services covering design, technical support, contract and policy development including expert advice and analysis to develop and implement energy and carbon reduction strategies.

Expert witness regarding obtrusive lighting, light nuisance and environmental impact investigations.

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Stockton on Tees TS23 1PX

T: 01642 565533 E: enquiries@staintonlds.co.uk

Allan Howard

Edinburgh, EH15 3RT

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Euan Clayton IEng MILP

www.designsforlighting.co.uk

www.wspgroup.com

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Nick Smith IEng MILP

Nick Smith Associates Limited Chesterfield, S40 3JR

T: 01246 229444 F: 01246 270465 E: mail@nicksmithassociates.com

www.nicksmithassociates.com Specialist exterior lighting consultant. Private and adopted lighting and electrical design for highways, car parks, area and sports lighting.

Lighting Impact assessments, expert witness and CPD accredited Lighting design AutoCAD and Lighting Reality training courses

Neither Lighting Journal nor the ILP is responsible for any services supplied or agreements entered into as a result of this listing.

Go to: www.ilp.org.uk for more information and individual expertise Alan Tulla IEng FILP FSLL

Michael Walker

Winchester, SO22 4DS

WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff

CMS IEng MILP

Alan Tulla Lighting

Ferrybridge, WF11 8NA, UK

T: 01962 855720 M:0771 364 8786 E: alan@alantullalighting.com

T: 0197 7632 502 E: Michael.Walker@pbworld.com

www.pbworld.com

www.alantullalighting.com Site surveys of sports pitches, road lighting and offices. Architectural lighting for both interior and exterior. Visual Impact Assessments for planning applications. Specialises in problem solving and out-of-the-ordinary projects.

Public and private sector professional services providing design, technical support, contract and policy development for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways applications. PFI technical advisor and certifier support, HERS registered personnel.

This directory gives details of suitably qualified, individual members of the Institution of Lighting Professionals (ILP) who offer consultancy services.

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY

Business for Sale Festive Lighting/Illuminations Established name complete with limited company and VAT registration available to get into this growing market For a seamless market entry without set-up costs – purchase includes: • Virtual Office • 0845 telephone Number • WEB presence • Email addresses • Stationery • Brochure Potential turnover £100k-£500k+ within 3 years with 45%-50% Gross Margin (Auditor Confirmed).

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please email your interest via the advertising team at the ILP who will forward to the seller

andy@matrixprint.com All enquiries will be answered by way of direct personal contact and dealt with in strict confidence – Sale due to serious impaired health.

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DIRECTORY BANNER SYSTEMS European distributors of StormSpill®, only system specified by: • London 2012 Olympic Games • Glasgow 2014 Commonwealths

Patented Raised Lamppost Banner System that significantly reduces loading on columns and prevents banners twisting and tearing.

Column testing and guarantee service available.

ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

Kiwa CMT Testing MACLEAN ELECTRICAL LIGHTING DIVISION Business info: Specialist Stockist and Distributors of Road Lighting, Hazardous Area, Industrial/ Commercial/ Decorative lighting. We also provide custom-built distribution panels, interior and exterior lighting design using CAD. 7 Drum Mains Park, Orchardton, Cumbernauld, G68 9LD Tel: 01236 458000 Fax: 01236 860555 email: steve.odonnell@maclean.co.uk Web site: www.maclean.co.uk

The most approved system by Highways Engineers

CUT OUTS & ISOLATORS

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METER ADMINISTRATION

Meter Administrator Power Data Associates Ltd are the leading meter administrator in Great Britain. We achieve accurate energy calculations assuring you of a cost effective quality service. Offering independent consultancy advice to ensure correct inventory coding, unmetered energy forecasting and impact of market developments.

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Meadowfield, Ponteland, Northumberland, NE20 9SD, England Tel: +44 (0)1661 860001 Fax: +44 (0)1661 860002 Email: info@tofco.co.uk www.tofco.co.uk Manufacturers and Suppliers of Street lighting and Traffic Equipment • Fuse Units • Switch Fuse Units • Feeder Pillars and Distribution Panels • The Load Conditioner Unit (Patent Pending) • Accessories Contact: Kevin Doherty Commercial Director kevindoherty@tofco.co.uk If you would like to switch to Tofco Technology contact us NOW!

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COLUMN INSPECTION & TESTING

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LIGHTING Designers and manufacturers of street and amenity lighting.

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TRAINING SERVICES

candela L I G H T

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Venues by arrangement Contact Nick Smith

Nick Smith Associates Ltd 36 Foxbrook Drive, Chesterfield, S40 3JR t: 01246 229 444 f: 01246 270 465 e : mail@nicksmithassociates.com w: www.nicksmithassociates.com

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LIGHT MEASURING EQUIPMENT HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS LTD Suppliers of a wide range of quality light measuring and photometric equipment.

HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS LTD PO Box 210, Havant, PO9 9BT Tel: 07900 571022 E-mail: enquiries@ hagnerlightmeters.com

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LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING

DIRECTORY

6 May

Exterior Lighting Diploma – module 3 (Organised by the ILP) Venue: The Draycote Hotel, Thurlaston, Warwickshire www.theilp.org.uk/events

15 June

ILP Annual General Meeting Venue: Waterside Hotel, Brighton (immediately before the Professional Lighting Summit)

11 April

Exterior Lighting Diploma – module 2 (Organised by the ILP) Venue: The Draycote Hotel, Thurlaston, Warwickshire www.theilp.org.uk/events

15-16 June

2016 Professional Lighting Summit: Venue: Waterside Hotel, Brighton www.theilp.org.uk/events

14 April

Western Region AGM Venue: Fleet Air Arm Museum, RNAS Yeovilton, Ilchester, Somerset www.theilp.org.uk/events

19 April

Midlands Region AGM Venue: Branston Golf & Country Club, Burton upon Trent www.theilp.org.uk/events

21 April

Lightscene Venue: Stadium of Light, Sunderland www.theilp.org.uk/events

21 April

North Eastern Region AGM Sunderland (immediately after Lightscene)

5 May

Lighting Design Awards (Supported by the ILP) Venue: London Hilton, Park Lane http://awards.lighting.co.uk/

12 May

YLP and Western Region Joint Technical Session Venue: SSE Enterprise, Heron Road, Exeter http://awards.lighting.co.uk/

14 May

Midlands Region gala dinner Venue: Leicester Marriot www.theilp.org.uk/events

For full listings of all regional and national ILP events go to: www.theilp.org.uk/events

MAY

ISSUE

LOST IN TRANSLATION?

From understanding different national standards through to overcoming language barriers and cultural misunderstandings – how to make a success of working internationally

HUMAN-CENTRIC LIGHTING

Lighting designers are increasingly recognising it is no longer enough just to design for the visual task. But understanding, let alone designing for, the non-visual effects of light remains deeply challengins

BRIGHTON ROCKS

Everything you need to know about this year’s ILP summer Professional Lighting Summit

LED for everyone Aura Light EASY S election

fresh thinking trusted technology

Technical Lectures 2016

w

www.indolighting.com/lectures