Lighting Journal July August 2015

LIGHTING

JOURNAL

July/August 2015

The publication for all lighting professionals

The Humble Lamppost initiative: what is it and should you join?

And then there was white light – talking to Shuji Nakamura n Seasonal flare – the changing face of festive lighting n

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Editorial Volume 80 No 7 July/August 2015 President Mark Cooper IEng MILP Chief Executive Richard G Frost BA (Cantab) DPA FIAM Editor Jill Entwistle Email: jillentwistle@yahoo.com Editorial Board Tom Baynham Emma Cogswell IALD Mark Cooper IEng MILP Graham Festenstein CEng MILP MSLL IALD John Gorse BA (Hons) MSLL Alan Jaques IEng MILP Nigel Parry IEng FILP Richard Webster Advertising Manager Andy Etherton Email: andy@matrixprint.com

T

he term smart city is one that is going to crop up an awful lot over the next few years. We all know that it’s going to happen, and that it makes a great deal of sense on a number of levels.

The point is, though, the street lighting column could be right at the centre of this, a ready-made infrastructure through which to implement city-wide technologies. No longer simply a support for a light fitting, this could be a powerful part of a fundamental network that provides everything from telecoms and vehicle charging points to traffic and pollution control.

The thing is that by its very nature the smart city requires an enormous amount of collaboration and cooperation, and such is the scale of the enterprise it must be hard for cities to know where to start. It needs vision and leadership, and it’s possible that the Humble Lamppost initiative will supply that.

Graham Colclough explains what it’s about (Only connect, p10) and what needs to be done to make it a reality. He will also be speaking about it at

Published by Matrix Print Consultants on behalf of Institution of Lighting Professionals Regent House, Regent Place, Rugby CV21 2PN Telephone: 01788 576492 E-mail: info@theilp.org.uk Website: www.theilp.org.uk

the Professional Lighting Summit in September.

Produced by

very genuine. They are amazingly hard-working, helpful, humorous and

As many of you will know, this will be my last issue as editor of Lighting Journal. I have really enjoyed my tenure and I shall be sad to leave. I’d like to thank the Editorial Board which has been invaluable in its advice and whose members have often been happily dragooned into writing features.

While it would be customary to thank the staff at the ILP, my gratitude is a real pleasure to work with. I also really want to thank Julie Bland who, with her visual revamp of Lighting Journal, has played a massive role in

Matrix Print Consultants Ltd Unit C, Northfield Point, Cunliffe Drive, Kettering, Northants NN16 9QJ Tel: 01536 527297 Email: gary@matrixprint.com Website: www.matrixprint.com

improving the image of this magazine. I hope you will all support the new editor as much as you have supported me.

Jill Entwistle Editor

© ILP 2015 The views or statements expressed in these pages do not necessarily accord with those of The Institution of Lighting Professionals or the Lighting Journal’s editor. Photocopying of Lighting Journal items for private use is permitted, but not for commercial purposes or economic gain. Reprints of material published in these pages is available for a fee, on application to the editor.

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

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Contents

LIGHTING JOURNAL July/August 2015 01 EDITORIAL 04 NEWS 08 ENLIGHTEN

34 WORKING

36 CHIP OFF THE

10

Are design days numbered?

Dominic Meyrick and Graham Festenstein ask whether new technologies mean we’re taking a backward step

10 ONLY CONNECT

Graham Colclough, explains the Humble Lamppost smart city initiative and what’s needed to make it a reality

16 AND THEN THERE WAS

WHITE LIGHT

Francis Pearce talks to Nobel Laureate Shuji Nakamura about the blue LED breakthrough and where he thinks the future lies

20 SMART OR JUST

WELL-CONNECTED?

Willem Sillevis Smitt of Xicato on intelligent lighting and what makes the best wireless option

24 CELEBRATING

CHANGE

Festive periods are being seen in

16

ARRANGEMENTS

Howard Crossman and Sophie Askew consider key TUPE case law and how it applies to loss of contracts in the lighting industry

OLD BLOCK

Future concept: has a US/Korean team developed the world’s thinnest lamp?

38 LESSONS FOR

THE FUTURE

VPs’ column: We all still have a lot to learn, says Mark Ridler, VP architectural

40 PRODUCTS 44 LIGHT ON THE PAST

Simon Cornwell looks at the Interim Report of 1935, which laid down the framework for the future

45 CONSULTANTS 46 LIGHTING DIRECTORY 48 DIARY

a new light. Jill Entwistle reports

30 PARTICULARLY

BRILLIANT

Inside the Diamond Light Source, where light is 10bn times brighter than the sun

COVER PICTURE

Luzinterruptus installation for the festive season in Durham and Stoke-on-Trent (see Celebrating change, p24)

24

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

4

News

CIBSE CALLS FOR WHITE PAPER TO PROMOTE ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS CIBSE has called for a government strategy on energy in buildings. Together with the Sustainable Energy Association (SEA) it recently hosted a gathering of MPs at Westminster’s Portcullis House to discuss developing a vision for tackling energy efficiency in this area.

It said that the lack of a clear strategy is costing the UK economy more than £12bn a year.

The proposal is for a Cost-Effective Energy Measures bill, which would compel the government to commission a White Paper into promoting the more efficient use of energy. By making energy efficiency a national infrastructure priority, the government could boost GDP by £13.9bn by 2030, aswell as create hundreds of thousands of jobs, according to Nick Mead, president of CIBSE. Green Party MP Caroline Lucas and John Gummer, the Rt Hon The Lord Deben, were among five crossparty speakers who supported the move, viewing it as an effective way of dealing with the ‘energy trilemma’ of

energy security, affordable energy for businesses, and all energy users’ and carbon reduction targets.

‘We are very keen to support the principles of the Cost-Effective Energy Measures bill, which asks for an energy demand strategy fit for purpose in the 21st century,’ said Mead.

‘Of particular concern is the energy

performance in buildings, which is too often much lower than what was promised at the design stage, costing far more in operation by wasting energy,’ he said. ‘It is vital that correcting this deficiency is made a national priority by the government, by acting on the recommendations in the White Paper this bill mandates.’

SLL lights heritage sites in October Northumberland switches to LEDs

The SLL’s plan to illuminate a series of UK Unesco World Heritage Sites on one single night to celebrate the International Year of Light has been scheduled for 1 October, the week after the autumn equinox.

The Night of Heritage Light event has elicited a positive response from a number of world-famous sites, among them the Tower of London, Ironbridge in Shropshire (both pictured), Giant’s Causeway, Fountains Abbey and Edinburgh.

The ones eventually confirmed will either be lit for the first time, or will involve supplementing existing lighting installations.

‘Great progress has been made with some absolutely iconic sites,’ said new SLL president Liz Peck, who was one of the instigators of the project. ‘We’ve got teams of designers busily putting together our schemes around the country.

‘Thanks to our members, some of the sites that we’d eliminated for either being too remote or too close to water are back on the table so that might prove interesting.’

The SLL is also hoping to collaborate with the Royal Photographic Society to record the different installations. ‘That would ensure that we have some truly spectacular photographs of the event,’ said Peck.

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

Northumberland County Council is switching to LEDs as part of a three-year £25m upgrade scheme that will replace 29,000 luminaires and 17,000 columns.

‘Like many local authorities we have seen a big increase in street lighting energy costs and many of our lamps are relatively old and inefficient,’ said policy board member for street care and environment Ian Swithenbank.

‘We expect to make savings in excess of 50 per cent in both the energy and maintenance budgets through the investment in new technology, which should achieve savings of around £200,000 per year,’ Barry Rowland, executive director (place) at the council told the Northumberland Gazette.

It will take 25 years to recoup the cost of the scheme, according to the council.

The project, which will be undertaken by contractor Galliford Try Infrastructure, is starting in Ashington before being rolled out across the county.

The council has also made a commitment that all public buildings and signs will be downlit with LEDs instead of floodlit with tungsten fittings. This follows the recent Dark Skies award granted to Northumberland National Park, and Kielder Water and Forest Park in December 2013.

News

5

Foster pulls in packed audience for ILP lecture Around 250 people attended the ILP International Year of Light Lecture at the Royal Institution last month, which has generated widespread positive feedback.

The lecture, Light, time and health: from biology to architecture, was delivered to the packed audience by Russell Foster, Professor of Circadian Neuroscience and head of the Department of Opthalmology at Oxford University.

Instrumental in the discovery of the third photoreceptor in the eye, Foster showed how this has not only transformed our understanding of ocular biology, but has raised critically important issues relating to circadian rhythms. He also outlined his experiments that have demonstrated how effectively the photoreceptor operates even in those who are visually impaired.

After a detailed explanation of the complexities of the third photoreceptor, he went on to examine a series of case studies, including lighting in care homes, to demonstrate the importance of being exposed to the natural cycle of light and dark, especially groups such as shift workers and the elderly.

‘A truly informative, interesting and even entertaining

talk on the biology behind circadian rhythm, its importance, and the key role light has to play in controlling it,’ said one comment on LinkedIn. ‘The most enjoyable part of @the_ilp talk, was the absence of perspective. No “how cool is that” blurb. Only facts. Congrats for a great event,’ was another Twitter comment.

Slides from the presentation are currently being prepared for circulation, and a detailed article on the lecture will feature in September’s Lighting Journal. A video may also be available in due course and information on this will be given to all ILP members.

Mayflower wins IoT award Study looks at shift

work/diabetes link

Mayflower and The Technology Partnership (TTP) in Cambridge have won a second award for best application of IoT (Internet of Things).

IDTechEx, a market research and consultancy company in emerging technologies, gave the 2014 US and 2015 European awards to Mayflower and its technical adviser TTP for the UK deployment of a Zigbee wireless mesh, network-based street light central management system (CMS).

According to the company, part of SSE Enterprise Contracting, there are currently 230,000 Mayflower nodes deployed to manage street lights, illuminated bollards and signs in the UK and Ireland.

The biggest installation is in Hampshire, a PFI programme that began in 2010 and which has more than 125,000 nodes and patented S6000 sockets fitted. A further

20,000 will be installed over the next 12 months, says Mayflower, making it the largest single operational streetlighting CMS in the world. Hampshire County Council will cut CO2 emissions by around 4000 tonnes, reducing 50m kW hours of energy a year to 34m kW hours by 2015.

‘This second award recognises the significance of the Mayflower/ TTP collaboration in developing and deploying the largest street lighting central management system in the world,’ said Dr Harry Zervos, principal analyst for IDTechEx. ‘It’s applications like this one that demonstrate that the Internet of Things is real and becoming part of the fabric of everyday life.’

The award was presented at an IDTechEx conference and trade show in Berlin.

A consortium of 15 leading European universities and researchled SMEs, EuRhythDia, is conducting an interventionist study examining the link between nightshift work, its impact on circadian rhythms and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

The study, which involves 325 nightshift workers, is looking at the impact of light therapy on participants, using medically certified lightboxes supplied

by Cambridge-based Lumie, a member of the consortium.

It is known among scientists that nightshift workers have a five-fold higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes than individuals who have never worked night shifts, according to Lumie.

So far the study has shown improvements in subjective wellbeing.

‘The study participants feel very satisfied with this intervention,’ said project coordinator Prof Rainer Böger from the University Medical Centre HamburgEppendorf. ‘Those who have already finished the study reported that their subjective wellbeing was much improved by the light therapy.

‘They were not only able to cope better with the work at night, but they also observed that it took them less time to readjust to a normal day-night cycle after night shifts.’

Researchers will now study to what degree the treatment helps reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus.

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

6 News

SHADOWY CONNECTIONS

For those people who can’t possibly function without some sort of device appended to them, even when at the beach, the Shadow Wi-Fi system will at least prevent sun damage and reduce skin cancer risk while they’re scrolling and tapping.

Developed by Happiness Brussels at the instigation of the Peruvian League Against Cancer – the system shown was demonstrated on the Playa Agua Dulce beach in Peru – the blue monolith allows people on the beach to stay connected, but they can’t access the Wi-Fi unless they’re in the shade. The Shadow Wi-Fi system has an internal directional antenna and a sensor that tracks the movements of sunlight throughout the day. This means that if you want to stay online, you have to move when the pool of shade provided by the tower does.

You’re on holiday for goodness sake. Put the smartphone and tablet down and move away from the laptop. Can’t imagine that suntan cream, sand and touchscreens is a good combination anyway.

NEWS IN BRIEF Hugh Ogus (left), honorary fellow of the SLL and former chair of the LET, has been made an honorary fellow of the City and Guilds of London Institute.The honour was for ‘exceptional contributions to the lighting industry and education’, said the citation.

The first SLL Jean Heap Research Bursary has been awarded to Feride Sener Yilmaz, a research assistant at Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Architecture. Her proposed area of research is Human-Centric Sustainable Retail Lighting Design Approach – An Experimental Study. Yilmaz will provide an update on her progress around the time of LuxLive in November, where the 2016 bursary will be launched.

Richard Bolt has become a partner of DPA Lighting Consultants. Richard started with the practice in 1996 and has led teams on a wide cross section of projects including Charterhouse School Chapel, Surrey; Hilton Hotel, Athens; H&M Flagship Store, Melbourne, and Jesus College Dining Hall in Cambridge.

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

Adrian Kitching has taken on the role of general manager for Megaman and sales director Glen Krise has been promoted to the board as part of the company’s recent changes to its UK operation. The company has just announced its latest results which show a 25 per cent increase in turnover and a £1.4m profit.

LET graduate Diarmuid Keaney of The Lighting Consultancy Ireland was recently presented with the Best Student of the Year award from the Worshipful Company of Lightmongers for the LET Diploma (Keaney is pictured right with the current Master of the Lightmongers, Rodney Bennion).

Anyone wishing to take part in the Luminale which runs parallel with Light and Building in Frankfurt needs to pre-register by 15 September. Installations and projects range in scale from small artworks to projects such as the scheme by lighting designer Christian Uitz and iGuzzini to illuminate the facade of Frankfurt central station in 2014. More than 180 light events were seen by around 250,000 spectators at the last Luminale.

Martin Russell has taken over as new head of Christmas Illuminations at Piggotts. Previously he has worked as a product manager in the UK, EMEA and Asia Pacific where he was responsible for £20m-£40m product portfolios.

Piggotts is responsible for lighting key London West End sites including Covent Garden, Bond St and Regent St.

Meanwhile the overall winner of the 2014 Mackwell Award for the Lighting Industry Association (LIA) Certificate Course was Faye Greenwood from Ridi Lighting. The two runners-up were Callum Bullimore from WF Senate and Ryan Grout from Photonstar LED. The awards were presented by Steve Davies, LIA CEO, Alasdair McRury of Holophane UK and LIA president, and Neil Price of Mackwell (pictured left to right).

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8

Opinion

ENLIGHTEN

Share your experiences, opinions and thoughts

Are design days numbered?

Two lighting designers look at the impact of LEDs on the design process.

Are we going back to lighting by numbers? asks Dominic Meyrick.

Is the complexity of technology shifting the balance too much to engineering? asks Graham Festenstein Back in 1993, I looked on in despair as row after row of 600mm x 600mm fluorescent fittings with CIBSE LG3, Cat 2 louvres went into spec offices. A few years later, as TFT screens and the removal of the ‘Cat’ system (2000) made these fittings obsolete, I felt like a back-to-front Brian Hanrahan – I counted them all going in and then counted them all coming out again.

The argument then, as now with the drive for energy efficiency, was that the visual impression of an office interior would have to be compromised on the altar of the big issue of the time – in the 1990s, this was the unstoppable population of the office environment with CRT screens. After a whizz-kid stockmarket trader misread the number of zeros on his screen due to the veiling reflection from an offending fluorescent luminaire, a frenzy was whipped up about the catastrophic possibilities this implied, with the result that poorly lit offices appeared everywhere. (Even proudly displayed on the front cover of CIBSE SLL LG3, the primary guidance on office lighting).

Back then the ‘number’ was everything – 200cd/sqm at 65 degrees gave you a Cat 2-compliant scheme. I, along with others, argued for the scrapping of lighting codes, on the grounds that if we needed lighting design guidance this should not be our starting point as it seemed to set up such narrow avenues for creativity.

Happily, although guidance remains, it has been radically altered as the shackles of compliance were relaxed.

Now, 15 years after the withdrawal of CIBSE LG3 and its prescriptive edicts, we have the wonderful, but perhaps not widely known, opening paragraph from BS EN 12464-1 2011: ‘This standard neither provides specific solutions, nor restricts the designer’s freedom from exploring new techniques nor restricts the

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

use of innovative equipment’. This, for me, indicates that guidance has changed and the numbers included are just that, guidance.

Fantastic. Or it would be but for the fly in the ointment, which is the approach adopted to LEDs. Suddenly, we are in the middle of yet another number storm: 50,000hour life, milliamps, L70, MacAdams, driver hertz. Numbers, numbers, numbers and the problem of how to align them.

Compliance has again become a buzz word on the lips of lighting reps, but this time, it’s the Part L energy targets, the reasonable 10.76W/sqm or the rather more elusive 1.2W/sqm/100 lux. The latter is harder to achieve, while aligning your numbers, than aiming Bernie the Bolt in The Golden Shot (another retro reference you might want to look up on YouTube). Vying to occupy the safe ground of compliance, this pushes manufacturers to make poor quality luminaires and challenge perceived wisdom, such as UGR, CRI and flicker thresholds.

The reason some like this approach is obvious – you either pass or fail, and you are either better or worse than your competitors.

Far more worrying, and so reminiscent of the past, is that when users complain about glare, headaches, eyestrain, flicker, colour, light colour and the host of other factors, the compliance card can be used to defend the design, creating the odious argument of ‘just following the guidance’.

An overreliance on numbers and compliance as a comfort blanket must, like The Golden Shot, have had its day. Instead, take courage and remember the Golden Rule: good lighting design is about people first and numbers second.

Dominic Meyrick is a partner of Hoare Lea Lighting

Opinion We are living and working at an exciting time.

The advances in technology over the past few years have moved at such an astonishing pace that they have eclipsed anything that came in the decades before. This new technology in light sources, controls, materials and construction techniques brings challenges and opportunities for creativity we did not realise were possible even just a few years ago.

However, with our busy lives, when developing our response to these challenges with exciting new designs for our projects, have we stopped to take stock of some of the other potential impact this revolution may bring? The lighting design community is diverse, one of the reasons many of us like working in it so much, with designers coming from many differing backgrounds and disciplines, some more technical than others. In the good old days when lamps could be defined by watts, colour rendering by CRI and dimmer compatibility issues could be resolved by using a wirewound LVTH transformer rather than an electronic one, the depth of technical knowledge, while still important, was within the realm of those with little or no technical training or experience to learn and understand at an adequate level.

In contrast, today not only do we as designers have to understand the idiosyncrasies of the light sources and controls we are using, but we have to have a much more in-depth understanding of electrical systems and electronics than ever before. In addition, much of the technology is being driven by the requirements of regulations and standards, which in turn are being driven by the technology available, making the application of these requirements in our work a more technical or engineering-orientated exercise.

In itself I am not saying that this is a bad thing. However, my concerns are that if we are not careful we will lose track of what the actual purpose of our work is. In order to keep abreast of all this new information and the tools, software and equipment required to use it, we are in danger of fragmenting our skills and losing sight of the bigger picture. We are becoming more dependent on manufacturers and suppliers to fill the gaps in our knowledge and the risks associated with technical problems arising from our work are increasing rapidly.

After many years of animosity we now have a much more collaborative community than we ever had before – engineers and designers work much more closely with mutual respect than they did 15 years ago, manufacturers are more likely to support design consultancies on projects rather than compete with them, and the concept of sustainable design now extends to people and

9

communities rather than simply energy use.

The days of lighting design driven purely by the figures and box ticking were, we thought, on the way out, with quality defined by many factors other than simple uniformity.

So are we in danger of going backwards?

Is there now a trend for government initiatives and legislation to push technology and energy control, and ignore the bigger picture and the other factors of quality design? Are clients looking again to employ manufacturers to design their schemes?

They are, after all, in the eyes of those outside of the design community, the experts with new LED technology.

Are we moving to a point where smallto-medium scale consultancies are going to be squeezed by the large practices, often consultant engineers which have the resources and expertise to tackle the technology and regulation by training, and by employing individual specialisms within their practices?

If this is the case then there is a danger of real harm to our profession, and reducing the diversity of those working in it will likely shift the balance from design to engineering. It will become more difficult for many practices to compete and consequently design fees will go up.

Those higher design fees will inevitably take lighting design out of the realm of many clients who are lower down the food chain and potentially this could send us back to the days when only the most prestigious or commercial schemes were able to use a lighting designer at all.

Outside of the rarefied world of these bigger, high-budget projects there is likely to be an increase in bad lighting delivered without the skills, care and independence we all aspire to. If this is the case, it can only work to lower the reputation of the industry and the professional status we have all worked so hard to achieve.

I am not saying that any of this is actually happening or will happen in future, but there are signs of cracks appearing and much depends on how we as a community respond.

More collaboration between designers, engineers, manufacturers and professional bodies, better training and outsourcing of specialist skills are all ways we could look to address these potential problems. But in the first instance I suggest that we need to stop and take stock of where we are and where we want to go in the future as a lighting community.

Graham Festenstein is the principal of Graham Festenstein Lighting Design

The days of lighting design being driven purely by the figures and box ticking were, we thought, on the way out, with quality defined by other factors than uniformity. Are we in danger of going backwards?

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

10

Smart cities

T

ONLY CONNECT Graham Colclough, leader of the EIP’s Humble Lamppost smart city initiative, explains its purpose and the key factors needed to make it a reality

Graham Colclough is a founding partner of UrbanDNA, a specialist cities partnership.

He is a member of the UK Ministerial Smart Cities Forum, chairs the ISO Smart Cities Strategic Advisory Group, and chairs the Integrated Infrastructure cluster of the European Commission Smart Cities and Communities Innovation Partnership. He also leads a number of commitments within the EIP, including the Humble Lamppost initiative.

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

here comes a point in the history of most products when they go through a phase of transformation. That time might just be now for the humble lighting column.

There are 60-90m of them lurking around Europe, 75 per cent of which are more than 25 years old. And most are in urban areas. Too often overlooked, dirty, scraped, bumped and serving as a hanging post for planning permits and the like.

Now consider the stream of chatter about smart cities. The term seems to have caught the attention of industry, press, and increasingly of cities. Yet the evidence that there is a real and substantial difference being made is somewhat hard to come by. Humble column, meet smart city.

It’s true to say we’ve been talking about intelligent or smart lighting for a decade or more, and that it hasn’t really stuck. However, it may just come down to opportunity and timing. Both might be here and now. And the opportunity is not just about light – although it is importantly about light. That, alas, is both the up and downside of the story.

The benefits that low emission luminaires present is somewhat akin to the gains in transitioning from gas to electric lamps during the latter decades of the 1800s. The substantial doubledigit savings in energy consumption and operational costs promised by the manufacturers do seem to be coming through for those cities that are taking the plunge. Whether they are at the lofty heights of the 80 per cent reduction some promise is perhaps questionable, but the opportunity to reduce lighting energy bills (which for a city are reported to be a significant 20-50 per cent of its energy costs) by significant amounts Launched with a kickstart event in December 2014, the Humble Lamppost initiative is designed as one of the more prominent ‘quick win’ commitments involving multiple cities, industry and other organisations around Europe, under a smart cities innovation partnership (SCC-EIP). The aim is to collaborate on the design, funding and business models, and means of delivery to accelerate the implementation of 10m smart street lighting columns across European cities. Organisations already signed up include London Borough of Greenwich, Scottish Cities Alliance, Philips, Orange and Shréder.

Smart cities provides a strong financial incentive when budgets are only going in one direction and energy costs are heading in the other.

So more and more cities are taking the plunge – or at least thinking about it seriously. However, although energy cost savings are a strong motive, a city that only looks to save on street light energy is losing out on the real potential. One of the clever bits about smart cities is the ability to interconnect infrastructures so that they can serve multiple purposes. And the neat thing about most cities is that their columns offer just that opportunity.

Alongside more reliable and adaptable lighting, cities can benefit from a wealth of other possibilities: creating a mesh network for (public) Wi-Fi, improving drivers’ experience in finding a parking place, supporting environmental monitoring (air quality sensing, pollution, refuse, flooding), electronic street signage and advertising, sensors that can help direct visually impaired people, electric vehicle charge points, or even pedestrian flow monitoring to help keep the high street a vibrant place. So a city’s lighting column estate should be considered as a regularly spaced network of elevated posts with power throughout the city that can help transform the efficiency and effectiveness of a range of services.

A lot more than just street lights.

Yet too often it seems that we are just sending the contractor up the pole with a new lamp.

So if the opportunity is so significant, why isn’t this happening on a grander scale and at a faster pace?

There is a new initiative that seeks to ensure it does. The ambition of the EU Humble Lamppost initiative is bold: to deliver 10m smart columns across European cities before 2018. That might sound a lot, and it is. However, turned the other way around, if we fail to address this relatively easy-to-deal-with and substantial energy consumer (and thus greenhouse gas emitter) in good time, what hope have we of meeting the important European 20:20:20 goals?

So perhaps it is time to be bold.

What underpins this ambition is the European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities (EIPSCC). This is a fairly new vehicle that has been launched by the European Commission that brings together industry, cities and research bodies to move from the previous paradigm of EC-funded projects that run dry when the funding does likewise, to a more sustainable model with greater cross-

sector commitment and thus greater chance of success and sustenance.

Some 4000 organisations from 31 countries have made in total 370 commitments that address the nexus of energy, mobility and city infrastructures.

And The Humble Lamppost commitment is one of the more prominent ones, perhaps indeed the strategic quick win for the EIP. And that is also why it perhaps got the attention of Commissioner Oettinger at the recent Berlin EIP General Assembly.

Interestingly, during the commitment process not only did around 30 organisations commit explicitly to address the humble lamppost, 56 of the other commitments made mention of smart lighting and smart columns. That only serves to highlight that the topic is front of mind.

There are six key words that the EIP seeks to deliver on: to deliver scale solutions, at an accelerated pace, with clear evidenced impact, through implementing common solutions, taking an integrated approach, and collaborating. All six are at the heart of what we can do with the street lighting column. And impact, as noted already, is something that smart lighting clearly can deliver.

However, change does not happen easily. There are a number of hurdles to overcome: THE BENEFITS OF SMART COLUMNS NEED TO BE MADE MUCH MORE REAL AND TANGIBLE At present industry is talking about it, and a number of the more innovative cities are in action, however things are still experimental pilots at this stage.

Promises of quantum savings are more common than real evidence of gains; a very natural situation given the early stage of the market, but case studies and demonstrators that show the real gains (and challenges along the way) are sorely needed.

WE NEED THE POLITICIANS TALKING ABOUT THIS MORE. Political visibility and support are vital to ensure that budgets are found, decisions are made and commitment to action becomes something that elected officials worry about. And confidence from politicians requires trusted de-risked solutions. The attention of Commissioner Oettinger, and the clear support of Mayor Annemarie Jorritsma (President of the Committee of European Municipalities and Regions) as champion of the EIP Humble Lamppost commitment, together with the

11

attention of UK government ministers and several city mayors and leaders, is a very positive indication that these foundations are beginning to be in place.

These are the sorts of people that are craving to point at something tangible from the smart cities hype – and what more visible to the public than a smart column?

REAL VALUE REQUIRES REAL SCALE With a ratio of around one light for every 10 population, it takes a very large city to bring the sort of scale that will genuinely excite the supply market to deliver best value and innovative solutions. Industry is spending too much time travelling the countryside ‘kissing frogs’, and not enough time working together to deliver innovative cheaper solutions. Likewise cities of smaller size shouldn’t be considering their modest lighting estate a juicy catch for the supply side. Big (international) industry; small cities. For such basic services as light, cities should be working together; aggregation of demand will deliver the sort of scale that really excites industry to deliver cheaper, better, swifter, more reliable solutions.

150 contracts have been let so far this year across Europe for street lighting equipment and services, totalling €300m. Most are modest-sized contracts, and most are individual cities. More than likely they were all rather traditional in nature – lighting, with an unknown (and probably small) number dealing with the ‘smart’ agenda MORE THAN JUST LIGHTING ENGINEERS MUST GET INVOLVED The reason that the 150 EU-level contracts let this year are lighting focused is probably because they have been scribed by those who worry about lights. An integrated smart approach that uses the column for other purposes requires other disciplines to be involved, and that can make things more complex.

Indeed, some worrisome indications in the market suggest that decision-makers

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

12

Smart cities

are focusing just on lighting as they are concerned that by exploring the less well understood smart opportunities it will divert action on upgrading the luminaires. Perhaps a short-sighted view, as the cost of sending the contractor up the pole a second time to install smart services might just prohibit any further action. There are a few notable city-wide contracts involving several hundred thousand lamp replacements that may just be at risk of this.

with technical solutions that bring the confidence of lenders, and think through ownership and business models that enable best value.

COMMON TOOLS, COMMON FRAMEWORK DESIGNS, AND STANDARDS ARE VITAL The diversity of types of column available is arguably not helping cities get best value. Balancing diversity and standardisation is always tricky, and changes with the life-stage of the product. However, the reality at present PUBLIC BUDGETS CANNOT BE A is clear: each city that seeks to buy CONSTRAINT TO PROGRESS new or upgrade old has to tackle the Alas, in too many places they presently task in isolation. That requires building are. Although the business case for and using scarce expertise, lengthy lighting upgrade can have a compellingly design and procurement cycles, and short payback and a solid return on managing city-specific projects. The investment, constrained public budgets way we presently do this may not be often lead to lighting engineers looking optimal. It may just be a continuation of to drip-feed the replacement of energy the way we have always done things. saving lamps, and neglect the lessAnd that may not be best. proven promises of associated smart Interestingly there are some services. Scale and speed requires 360 published standards worldwide money – and the confidence of funders. on columns and street lights; only Many banks look to cities as ‘small and a handful are international; only a risky’. So alongside technical solutions, handful look to performance; and less cities need to act together to generate than a handful appear to address the scale to attract funders, come up the ‘smart’ opportunity. If we are to

The lighting column offers a wealth of possibilities for smart city applications

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

put electric vehicle charge points on columns, clamps for sensors, and new instrumentation for lighting systems there is most certainly a need for us to agree some basic configuration standards. And the need does not stop there. Tools that help inform choice, put together business cases and support decision-making will be welcomed with open arms.

The Scottish Futures Trust has made a detailed business case tool available to ease the pain of evaluating financial investment decisions. And the Smart Cities Council has also developed a free-to-use decision support tool (as part of its commitment to the EIP) that looks at not just the financial case for lighting; it also explores the additional use cases noted earlier.

Given that the ‘smart’ solution is not as simple as it was in the past, common architectures can help the demand side come together around more common solutions (demand aggregation), and help the supply side figure out where their solutions fit in the overall design and how best to collaborate with other providers.

On a very positive note, this collaboration can already be observed between automotive manufacturers (that support electric vehicles), technology providers, luminaire and pole manufacturers.

Are they, however, fully au fait with demand side requirements, or is there more that cities can do to support?

Address the half-dozen challenges outlined above, and we can deliver success. It will take collective bravery, and open collaborative working between and within public and private sectors to achieve this.

With a fair wind, the approach that is being taken at an EU level can be good for all European cities, and indeed European industry, both at home and internationally. And it is as good for new innovative scale-up businesses as it is for large industry.

At present there are nine city-clusters within the EIP initiative that are in the process of coming together in a network to share approaches, experiences, tools and solutions to accelerate action. The idea is to develop a set of template solutions for technical, financial and business models, and implementation modes that can serve both the less bold through to the innovative, ambitious cities. More needs to be done to make this a driven programme, ensure its sustainability, and lift it from its current 1.5m addressable columns to the 10m

14

Smart cities Open Data

Meta Data Revenue streams

DEVICE AND SENSOR MANAGEMENT CONTROL

Lamp Monitoring Energy Monitoring Scheduling

PLATFORM

Legacy Devices & Sensor Integration, Apps Data Sharing

DATA SERVICES Ingest, Interpret, Analyse

CONNECTIVITY Mobile, 3G, LTE, RADIO, ADSL, white space, mesh

External Data

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVICES

Columns, luminaires, lamps, displays, speakers, CCTV

SENSORS

Social Media Weather, Traffic, Maps

Light, temperature, CO2, microphone, PiR, Bluetooth

Humble Lamppost architecture

goal, but it is certainly a solid start.

Early experiences show clear interest and a strong desire to overcome the challenges already noted. Taking a common city-needs-led approach, as opposed to an individual city-led one seems to present a bit of a knotty challenge.

The pragmatic Dutch (a collection of eight or so cities) are taking steps to collaborate; a number of Italian regions are active with a clear focus on collaborative energy savings; and so too are the Scots, with the help of the Scottish Cities Alliance as a vehicle for managing collaboration – and Glasgow’s UK governmentfunded Demonstrator programme is an exemplar for others.

Action is not just required at city levels. Governments must consider how they can fund collaborative programmes, not just grant funding to

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

individual cities. Indeed such action can slow market uptake, as cities wait for the next tranche of funds and then compete for it, rather than working together to solve common challenges.

The European Commission’s Horizon 2020 Smart Cities ‘Lighthouse’ call helps address the need to collaborate and has mobilised well over 100 cities to submit proposals that involve city groups, many of which have put smart lighting on their menu (hopefully also smart columns).

Standardisation organisations and research bodies also have an important and proactive role to play.

Both must work pragmatically and at pace – not perhaps natural habits for such organisations – in order to produce trusted thinking and guidance in support of the market.

By now, industry likely sees the market potential, so most companies

are predisposed to engage. Industry’s current challenge is figuring out how best to work together. A city-needs-led approach, rather as it should be for the cities themselves, is undoubtedly a wise starting point. The mechanisms are not as yet established to support this.

Not least, however, is the need to engage the funding community. There is not a shortage of funds out there; indeed lenders are actively seeking to find good things to invest in; we just need to develop and package up solutions in a manner that are most attractive. We must also involve the financial community early, to help shape business models and funding packages that work, and also to help them help incentivise cities to aggregate demand.

Although the European Innovation Partnership Humble Lamppost commitment is important, action cannot just be seen to be ‘out there in Europe’. Momentum must be built within countries, regions and (groups of) cities and industries.

Perhaps the most pressing message comes from the EIP champion, Mayor Annemarie Jorritsma: ‘If we can’t implement something as simple as the Humble Lamppost along the lines of the EIP ambitions, then what will happen when we tackle something difficult?’

It is time for the Humble Lamppost to lose its humility, and for those associated with it to act. https://eu-smartcities.eu/sites/all/ files/Humble%20Lamppost%20 Almere%20Kick-Start%20Event%20 Report_0.pdf Email Graham Colclough at graham. colclough@UrbanDNA.eu

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16

Profile

AND THEN THERE WAS WHITE LIGHT

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

Profile

Francis Pearce looks at what led to the breakthrough of the blue LED, and talks to its inventor, Nobel Laureate Shuji Nakamura

S

huji Nakamura received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2014 ‘for the invention of efficient blue lightemitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources’. He shared it with two rivals, Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano, but also wrote immediately to Nick Holonyak, who invented the world’s first visible red LED in 1962, thanking him for his pioneering work and the motivation it supplied. The Nobel Prize can only have three winners at a time and Holonyak, then 85, is on a list of controversial non-nominees that includes Rosalind Franklin whose work was crucial to unravelling the secrets of DNA, among others.

Akasaki and his pupil Amano had laboured for two decades on gallium nitride blue LED research until, as his biographer Bob Johnstone puts it in his book, Brilliant, ‘with the finishing line in sight, they would be overtaken from nowhere by Nakamura’. But if Holonyak was disappointed, and whatever Akasaki and Amano felt about sharing the prize, Nakamura’s reaction to winning was one of joyous bafflement, according to Johnstone. ‘I was not sure whether I could win the Nobel Prize,’ Nakamura says in Brilliant, ‘because the prize is awarded to people for basic theory. But in my case it was not basic theory it was just making the device.’

In reality it was not quite as simple as that. Nakamura is a professor of materials at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where he is one of six Nobel Laureates in the faculty, and holds more than 100 patents.

His achievements include the discovery of p-type doping in the widebandgap semiconductor gallium nitride (GaN); subsequent development of blue, green and white LEDs, and the invention of blue laser diodes (LDs) for Blu-Ray optical storage; the ultraviolet LEDs used in medicine and to purify drinking water, and violet LEDs. And although the invention of the blue LED almost a quarter of a century ago was pivotal, it is a combination of these other technologies that puts him at the apex of LED development today and

could very well shape lighting’s future.

Nakamura invented the first high-brightness GaN-on-sapphire LED in 1990 while at Nichia in Japan. After secretly gearing up for production, Nichia made the surprise announcement of bright blue and blue-green LEDs in 1993, but in the meantime Nichia had told Nakamura to stop working on GaN. He ignored this and by the following year, he had created the first quantum well-based blue emitters (see box), which were five times brighter than Nichia’s first batch, and proposed creating white LEDs using a yellow phosphor. He also went on to demonstrate a prototype GaN violetblue laser.

He had been publishing widely cited papers since 1991 and received a doctorate in 1994 but still had limited support from above at Nichia and in 1999 he left for UCSB. In 2001, Nakamura was approached by Vinod Khosla, one of the founders of computing giant Sun Microsystems, who wanted to spin out a company from UCSB with Khosla’s backing. ‘He asked me “why don’t you start a company?”, but I said, “I don’t know how to survive in the United States,”’ says Nakamura.

But Khosla tried again successfully in 2007 after Nakamura announced that he had used a new material to create a low-power blue-violet laser, in January that year. This time Nakamura

17

not long since all forms of LED lighting were unconventional, but as Nick Farraway, the company’s senior vice-president, international sales, says, the company’s GaN-on-GaN LEDs are ‘a disruptive technology within a disruptive technology’.

Soraa calls its GaN-on-GaN chips Gen3 (third generation) and sometimes refers to other LED technologies, only half-jokingly as ‘legacy’. Other LED chips are made with foreign substrates such as sapphire, silicon carbide, or silicon all of which are are much cheaper. However, GaN-on-GaN has up to 1000 times fewer defects, enabling it to emit five times more light per unit area coupled with high thermal and electrical conductivity, even under relatively high-current, high-temperature drive conditions.

Soraa’s LEDs are triangular and have a nearly flawless crystal structure, which reduces the number of times that light bounces around before it is extracted. In addition, the light is emitted with a wavelength of 410 nanometres, in other words it is violet. This provides a way round the ‘peakiness’ of conventional LEDs and improves the perception of whiteness in the light.

This is influenced by the presence of fluorescent whitening agents in natural and manufactured objects such as clothing and paint that are excited by the violet content in visible light and sources such as halogens.

HOW IT WORKS When electrons move from a high to a low-energy state, they emit photons. An LED contains layers of ‘sandwiches’ each with an ‘n-type’ section of crystal loaded with electrons, which are negatively charged, and a ‘p-type’ section comprising positively charged ‘holes’. There’s a middle layer, where the two combine, bringing the electrons to a lower energy state. This is the quantum well or active layer. Semiconductors are doped to alter their electrical characteristics to increase the chances of electrons and holes meeting, and Nakamura developed a thermal annealing method that made p-type doping GaN commercially possible for the first time. agreed and in 2008, he and fellow UCSB professors Steven DenBaars and James Speck, founded Soraa, to develop solid-state lighting technology.

Soraa, the Japanese for sky, is now based in Fremont, California, and makes its full-spectrum lamps from scratch, building its own novel chips from pure GaN substrates and pumping the light from them with violet to create sources it says are brighter, more efficient and provide better colour rendering than ‘conventional’ LEDs. Although electroluminescence was first observed more than a century ago – in silicon carbide (SiC) – it is

Nakamura’s experience at Nichia, which led to a long-running court case, served to convince him of the need to create fresh intellectual property at every possible stage and Soraa set about developing its Violet-Emission 3-Phosphor (VP₃) technology even before moving off GaN-on-sapphire.

‘We made blue LEDs in 1993 and white LEDs were used from 1996, but many lighting designers complained that each white LED was a different colour,’ says Nakamura ,‘because the blue was from the blue LED and yellow from phosphor.

The blue was always plus or minus five nanometres. With violet LED there

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

18

Profile

is narrower fluctuation and the blue, green and red is coming from [stable] phosphors.’

Although it has yet to make a profit, in the three years since Soraa started manufacturing its annual turnover has grown from $2.5m to $60m and it now makes a range of full-spectrum, highlumen density MR16, AR111 and PAR equivalent lamps (including a wirelesscontrolled PAR 30) based on its GaNon-GaN technology. It has also moved into optical light engines so that it can go beyond retrofit lamps into the new build market and integrated fixtures.

Its products are both more efficient and more expensive than those of its rivals and are mainly sold into high-end hospitality, retail and display applications where directional lighting and light quality are important.

Some casinos in Macau favour luminaires with Soraa lamps because they make it easier to spot cheats, according to Farraway. ‘We thought it was because they could see colours better, the red against the green baize and so on, but it’s because they are a point source and that’s better for the facial recognition systems they use,’ he explains.

Soraa does not licence its technology so while it does not want to challenge its own customers by also making fixtures it has to find a way to continue building its business beyond these high-end applications. ‘Only Soraa is working on GaN-on-GaN, so we have a lot of IP,’ says Nakamura. However, one solution is its ‘Works with Soraa’ partnership programme with accessory manufacturers, which echoes the Intel

Using laser diodes we can get [current density] at least 1000 times higher. So now my research is 10 per cent LED lighting, 90 per cent laser

Inside approach used in the personal computer market.

Future growth will come from combining the company’s LED technology with others to create applications such as LiFi or to provide an alternative to blue LED lighting that is, in Nakamura’s words, ‘very friendly to the human eye’.

While GaN-on-GaN remains costlier than its rivals, Farraway expects the price gap to narrow while GaN-on-GaN’s efficacy will continue to grow. ‘We think we have 40 to 50 per cent efficacy to come because GaN-on-sapphire can only get incremental improvements whereas GaN-on-GaN is still at the start of the ‘s-curve’.

But Nakamura has also indicated another direction for Soraa: laser diodes.

‘Using blue laser diodes we can make white lighting. It’s already being used in automobile headlamps,’ says Nakamura. ‘I can see that being used in general lighting because of current density. Soraa’s LED advantage is a current density five times higher than GaN-on-sapphire but using laser diodes we can get at least 1000 times higher. So now my research is 10 per cent LED lighting, 90 per cent laser.’

Nichia had told Nakamura to stop working on GaN. He ignored this and by the following year, he had created the first quantum well-based blue emitters Lighting Journal July/August 2015

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20

Intelligent lighting

SMART OR JUST WELL-CONNECTED? Intelligent lighting is not just about wireless control, says Willem Sillevis Smitt of Xicato

W

ith the arrival of smart lighting, it seems that the lighting industry continues on the path of rapid and exciting change that it has been on since the introduction of LEDs. Being one of the pillars that the Internet of Things is being built on, smart lights promise to connect with other devices and have the ability to be operated remotely.

However, when taking a closer look, many of the so-called smart lights are in fact not so smart at all. True, they can be switched and dimmed, and in some cases change colour via a smartphone, even remotely through a gateway. But are they really smart? Can they sense what is taking place in the space that they are in? Can they interpret what is sensed and then adjust based on what is expected from them?

To distinguish connected lights from smart lights, as a company we propose the term intelligent lighting. As we define it, this is lighting that is involved with the user of a space at an emotional level. To perform the functions required for intelligent lighting, a light source must have:

• A brain (microprocessor with software) • Sensing capability (can be self-sensing or sensing of the environment)

• Wireless communication with other devices Most lighting products presented today as smart may have the brain but lack the sensing capability. While these ‘smart’ lights may be connected, they can’t be considered intelligent.

Intelligent lighting is about interaction with the people that design, occupy, visit and manage spaces within the built environment. In addition, many new-use applications are enabled by intelligent lighting. For example, luminaires can be self-monitoring, report how many hours they have left until the end of their warranty and their current energy consumption.

Intelligent luminaires can report air quality, detect the presence of people and adjust light levels as needed. These lights can also contribute to security systems or enhance safety systems and alarms.

With intelligent lighting the design and control of different

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

light layers can be operated and (re)configured, without a need for changes to the actual wired infrastructure. Control signals can go through the air without the wires or through wires and switches, just like they would in a computer data network. In both cases, changes to the lighting scheme no longer require the interruptions and expense commonly associated with adding to or altering existing wiring located above the ceiling plane or inside walls.

Democratisation of lighting Particularly with a control system that allows access to individual fittings, intelligent lighting opens new ways of interacting with lights. That is, lighting can be taken from something which is dealt with by only a select group of people (the lighting design and lighting control professionals) to a situation where the importance and effects of lights are understood by nearly everyone who cares about spaces and how spaces are used – essentially a democratisation of lighting.

In addition, when spaces are upgraded or refurbished, changes to the lighting system are no longer an expensive and complicated issue involving the infrastructure above the ceiling. Instead it can easily and cost-effectively be accessed and configured from below the ceiling. This also means it is in a unique position to connect the building infrastructure with its occupants.

Smart lighting can learn from the evolution of smartphone technology where an application ecosystem has tailored people’s interactions with their personal devices to their own personal preferences.

Widespread deployment and scale One unique aspect of luminaires is how widely they are deployed (around 2.5bn lights in commercial spaces in the US alone according to a DOE study in 2012) and the fact that they are connected to the electrical net means they have significant power. What is needed is for the wireless technology that connects to them to have a deployment level of similar scale.

Intelligent lighting

Bluetooth low energy (also known as Bluetooth Smart or BLE) is a short-range communications technology that because of its robustness, low power and low cost has been integrated into mobile phones, computers and medical devices. It operates in the licence-free 2.4GHz frequency band and is interoperable in worldwide applications. It is estimated that more than 1.8bn BLE chipsets will be shipped in 2015 (ABI Research). IDC estimates that 377.5m smartphones were sold in 2014, all equipped with BLE. Clearly, the IT industry has decided that Bluetooth Smart is the platform of choice for short-range communications.

In comparison with Wi-Fi, Bluetooth Smart has less bandwidth and as a result is cheaper to implement with much lower energy consumption. Wi-Fi is very suitable for streaming large amounts of data, which actually is not a requirement for interacting with lights.

In comparison with Zigbee, Bluetooth has been deployed

21

widely to smartphones whereas Zigbee is not used in this area. With Bluetooth in smartphones, direct interaction can be established between luminaires and smartphone users.

This is very beneficial for interaction where place awareness and context matters.

With BLE, a smartphone can sense which luminaires it is under. With Zigbee, the connection to the light is indirect.

Having to go through a gateway between a user and the internet, location awareness is lost.

Clearly this is a rapidly evolving field, but it is essential that specifiers, installers and users distinguish between different terminologies and technologies to achieve truly intelligent lighting.

Willem Sillevis Smitt is VP marketing at Xicato. He was formerly director product marketing of Soraa and director strategic marketing with Philips Lumileds.

Bluetooth Low Energy

ZigBee

Wi-Fi

General characteristics

Use for lighting is relatively new. Future for lighting control

Mature, was adopted for lighting control, standards exist.

Generally not interoperable

Use for lighting is relatively new

Information

State communication - Short packet - Short connection - 32 bit transfers - IoT and machine to machine

Data

Data - Streaming - Megabytes

Meshing

In development

Supported

N/A

Gateway

Not required

Requires gateway to Wi-Fi

Can be without

Power Consumption

Lowest

Low

High

Smartphone/ tablet/PC connectivity

Yes

No

Yes

Security

Equally secured

Comparison of wireless technologies for lighting

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

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Festive lighting

CELEBRATING CHANGE

Whether driven by new technologies, multiculturalism or to boost business, cities are beginning to see festive periods in a new light. Jill Entwistle reports

The Consumerist Christmas Tree, installed in Durham and Stoke-on-Trent, is made from plastic carrier bags on a frame and lit from within by basic floodlights

T

he change may be gradual and the factors that are driving it may be varied, but festive lighting is slowly being redefined.

For one thing, multiculturalism has meant that we have evolved beyond conventional Christmas lights to celebrating festive occasions such as the Hindu festival of Diwali, and Chinese New Year. Depending on the region, this

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

means that decorative street lighting is no longer simply about an annual December event but occurs at different times of the year.

With the increase in lighting masterplans and the upsurge in lighting festivals and events, the link has also now firmly been made with lighting, urban improvement and the night-time economy. ‘More recently we have had

requests for festive lighting in areas of the city outside of traditionally decorated places as community leaders seek to make their area more attractive for visitors,’ says Joe Clay, senior lighting technician for Leicester. ‘It does feel like festive lighting is seen as a means of inner city regeneration by some.’

Possibly as a result, coupled with more flexible technology, there are

Festive lighting signs of a more artistic and creative interpretation of festive lighting (see separate case studies). While the predominant model is still some form of cross-street festoon with additional column decoration or wall attachments, LEDs, as elsewhere in lighting, have enabled other possibilities with their longevity, lower maintenance, colourchanging and smaller scale.

‘Over the past 10 to12 years the requests for festive lighting have changed to become decorative lighting, with many installations operating all year round,’ says Eddie Henry, operations manager at Southwark. ‘This has been made possible with technological advances, mainly LEDs. ‘Within Southwark, the tree lighting installation has become the thing as the tree provides the structure, its shape and size makes it unique. We use expandable rubber cable ties which stretch as the tree grows avoiding any damage to the tree. As such, an installation can remain in place for six or seven years before any maintenance is required. Again LEDs mean these can consume very little energy but still provide the advantage of things such as colour changing.’

Martin Russell, who recently took over as head of Christmas illuminations at Piggotts, agrees. Piggotts has created festive lighting nationally, including for London’s Regent Street. ‘Generally the majority of festive lighting is still conventional but in recent years we

have started to see an increase in schemes using new technologies such as DMX lighting projection and LED displays to provide some level of interactivity for the public,’ he says.

Inevitably, like any public lighting issue, the bottom line is the bottom line. ‘Cost, of course, is always the main consideration and limiting factor, particularly in the current financial climate,’ says Clay. ‘It could be a case that creative thinking also needs be applied to methods of funding. Leicester has always tried to view festive displays as an investment for the whole community and our festive displays are provided in more than one area of the city, and are considered and promoted as cultural events rather than religious ones.’

Given that Christmas lighting in particular is attracting people to the shopping areas, local businesses are now in council sights to contribute to costs. ‘Many local authorities now charge festive lighting directly to traders which gives them far more scope as it has zero impact on operational budgets,’ says Henry.

The Bedminster Town Team in Bristol is a prime example of creative thinking, both financial and literal. Rather than settle for traditional Christmas lighting it wanted to commission lighting artist Ulf Pedersen, who lives in the city, to create Christmas-themed projections for its key buildings. In recent years the area hasn’t been able to afford Christmas lights of

25

any description, so the team set up a crowd-funding project on Spacehive to raise the £22,000 needed. Projections ranged from prancing reindeer to the text of Christmas carols, while lights illuminated redundant windows on ground and first floors of buildings around retail streets.

While more elaborate, expensive techniques such as bit-mapping are likely to be the province of private business (watch a spectacular example at Jolly’s department store in Bath from last year at www.youtube. com/watch?v=awntkweq4Uw), simpler projection methods present a straightforward solution as long as the site is appropriate and clutter-free.

‘Projection techniques have been mentioned recently but we have not carried out any in-depth investigation or trials,’ says Clay. ‘There are few suitable locations within the decorations’ footprint in Leicester that would really enhance the festive displays already in place by the use of projection, although the successful use of projection in the recent Richard III reburial may make us look again at this option.’

Whatever the approach, one issue that Clay reckons is often overlooked is what the lighting decorations look like during daylight hours. ‘The daytime appearance of them has always been a consideration as we feel some authorities take the aesthetic daytime appearance to be of lesser importance.

The public has become a lot more

Bedminster Town Team has opted to crowd fund its Christmas lighting, projections created by lighting artist Ulf Pedersen

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

26

Festive lighting

Piggotts’ light arches in London’s South Molton Street

vocal in their comments in recent years regarding both the daytime and evening appearance of the displays.’

On the subject of the type of decorative lighting they want to see, there is inevitably a conventional contingent but there are also voices calling for local authorities to think outside the Christmas box.

‘Judging by the comments, younger people appear to prefer us to look away

from “the tired old decorations that we see year after year” and want to see something more vibrant, while older people do prefer the traditional – so there’s hardly any surprise there,’ says Clay.

‘With some of the funding recently made available to us we are now looking to adopt a slightly mixed approach of traditional and modern without compromising either.’

Many local authorities now charge festive lighting directly to traders which gives them far more scope as it has zero impact on operational budget

WHY THE FESTIVE SEASON CAN BE STRESSFUL

by Jon Hall of Roch NDT Services When I think about festive lighting on the high streets of our cities, towns and villages during the most evocative nights of the year, I always think of how much my little twin boys enjoyed the spectacle.

The effect was transforming for all of us and to my knowledge little thought, if any, was given to assuring the lighting columns were fit for purpose. And why would we?

However, since those hallowed days two decades ago, festive lighting has come on a tad and with it, the trials and tribulations of responsibility befalling the lighting engineer. It’s not just festive lighting any more – the additional loadings are coming from all directions as technology accelerates with banners, signs, hanging baskets and all the other paraphernalia.

Technology has moved on in leaps and bounds and with it the demands for festivals with bigger and better lighting, as well as the functional aspects such as signage.

So much more has to be considered before the green light is given to installation and with the variety of attachments nowadays, and the varied directions from which permission is granted, it comes as no surprise to hear that lighting engineers struggle to set policy for the authority, particularly if pressure is brought to bear from on high.

As standards have changed over the years with Codes of Practice and TR22, attitudes towards structural and electrical

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

testing have changed too. But the introduction of the new guidance document PLG06 last year has brought about a refreshing outlook on procedures and policies for authorities, and clearly demonstrates the need for diligence and a positive way forward.

No longer can these types of additional loadings be bodged when the world of litigation waits to strike. The structural stability of the lighting column is paramount and while columns have a defined purpose, they will probably increasingly be asked to carry out other functions, albeit for short periods of time, and failure test is route one to casualty.

Over the years, understanding the need for structural testing has grown and while many columns have been replaced through PFI schemes and natural replacement, the quality issue will remain a topic of debate for many years to come for a variety of reasons.

The advancement of technology can potentially give rise to a no-limitation approach and the creative marketing chaps will leap at the chance to use the latest gizmos. Documents such as PLG06 are there to set procedures in place and for appropriate checks and balances to be made. www.theilp.org.uk/resources/ilp-technical-reports/plg06guidance-installation-and-maintenance-of-seasonal-decs/

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Festive lighting

Spanish artistic collaborative Luzinterruptus gave first Durham (2013) and last year Stokeon-Trent an anarchic and, it has to be said, cheap and cheerful take on the Christmas tree in December/January. The Consumerist Christmas Tree is constructed from plastic carrier bags attached to a frame and lit from within by basic floodlights. Some 2000 donated bags filled with recycled plastic from nearby businesses were used to create the 6m tree.

For Christmas 2014, Montreal-based multimedia and architectural lighting specialist Lightemotion created 34 giant backlit lampshades for Quebec City. Suspended over Cartier Avenue they are decorated with selected works by Alfred Pellan and Fernand Leduc from the Musée National des Beaux-Arts du Québec. The lampshades, a form designed to suggest the warmth of neighbourhood life through their cosy image, measure 2.5m by 1.5m and are backlit by LED strips. Part of the 2013 lighting masterplan for the city, works mounted on the shades can be easily replaced to feature a different theme or some other form of annual backlit display.

As part of a series of winter festive events staged through December until the beginning of January this year in Upper Bergamo, Italy, Catellani and Smith created a lighting installation in Piazza Mascheroni, in the town centre. It adapted its existing Fil de Fer spherical luminaire, featured at the V&A and the Copenhagen Stock Exchange, shaping and elongating it to create a cloud form studded and animated with warm white LEDs. The metal structure was woven and folded by hand. The installation was sponsored by the Municipal Authority of Bergamo at the instigation of the Comunità delle Botteghe di Città Alta business association.

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

Anchor and Catenary Wire Testing for Seasonal Decorations (As specified within the ILP ‘County Surveyors Society’ Code of Practice for the Installation, Operation and Removal of Seasonal Decorations) They look great, make everyone feel good and are up and illuminated, in all weathers, during the festive season. Suspended between buildings at variable heights, swinging in often high winds and likely to be topped by snow and ice. But....What happens if they fall? There have been occurrences of festive lights displays coming loose from buildings, injuring pedestrians and resulting in lengthy and costly investigations by the Health & Safety Executive.

You need to minimise the risk. For instance fixings in the form of eyebolts and catenary wires should to be tested to ensure the safety of displays.

We can help to keep pedestrians safe by carrying out the required testing using our experienced technicians and calobrated load test equipment to give an assessment of the fixing and substrate material.

Call us for advice and

Keep everyone safe this Festive Season

Non Destructive Structural Testing Of Lighting Columns ASSESSMENT OF CORROSION AT KEYPOINTS The Problem:

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Kiwa CMT Testing’s unique Relative Loss of Section (RLS) and Swage Joint Analyser (SJA) techniques designed to assess the extent of corrosion in the four danger zones including the column root below ground without excavation.

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Internal Corrosion at the Hot Swaged Joint Internal Corrosion at base of the door opening Internal or External Corrosion from the base of the door to ground level Corrosion of the root below ground

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30

Light and science

The International Year of Light is primarily focused on the application of light in the cutting-edge areas of science. Nowhere is that more evident in the UK than in the Diamond Light Source, where light is the basis of study for everything from microbes to material design

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

Light and science

31

One of Diamond’s five macromolecular crystallography beamlines. Crystallography is used to pinpoint the atomic structure of materials

T

he doughnut-shaped Diamond Light Source, the UK’s national synchrotron science facility, is one of the most advanced scientific facilities in the world. Half a kilometre in circumference (the LHC at CERN is 27km), the huge particle accelerator is designed to produce very intense beams of X-rays, infrared and ultraviolet light. It works like a giant microscope, harnessing the power of electrons by accelerating them to near light speeds – the result is that they give off a light 10bn times brighter than the sun.

The particles are generated in an electron gun, similar to the cathode ray tubes found in old television sets. They are then fired out into the machine, where they are accelerated up to very high speeds through a series of three particle accelerators: the linear accelerator, or linac, the booster synchrotron and the large storage ring.

The linac and the booster synchrotron both work to accelerate the electrons so that they are travelling at nearly the speed of light.

Once they enter the storage ring, the electrons are moving so fast that they could travel around the world 7.5 times in a single second.

The huge particle accelerator is designed to produce very intense beams of X-rays, infrared and ultraviolet light.

It works like a giant microscope, harnessing the power of electrons by accelerating them to near light speeds – the result is that they give off a light 10bn times brighter than the sun

The storage ring, which gives Diamond its iconic shape and which could house the footprint of St Paul’s Cathedral five times over, is not a true circle, but a type of polygon called a tetracontakaioctagon. It is made of 48 straight sections angled together with 48 bending magnets, and it is this magnetism that is used to steer the electrons around the ring.

Third-generation synchrotrons such as Diamond also use special arrays of powerful magnets called insertion devices. These cause the electrons to wiggle around, triggering even more intense light. When the path of the electron beam is bent by the magnets, the electrons lose energy in the form of light. This light, known as ‘beamlines’ can then be channelled out of the storage ring and into the experimental stations or laboratories.

Here, scientists use the light to study a huge range of subjects, ranging from new medicines and treatments for disease to innovative engineering and cutting-edge technology. The scientific teams carry out their experiments inside the beamlines, which contain three different sections: the optics hutch, where the light is filtered and focused;

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

32

Light and science

the experimental hutch, where the sample sits and the experiment is carried out; and the control cabin, where the scientists orchestrate the experiment. The beams of light are so strong that, in the case of the X-ray beamlines, it is not safe to be in the same room while they are being fired at the sample.

With the first experiments conducted in 2007, Diamond now has 25 beamlines. Eight new beamlines will become operational by 2018.

Diamond is a not-for-profit limited company funded as a joint venture by the UK government through the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) in partnership with the

Wellcome Trust. The facility is free at the point of access – there is a competitive application process – provided that the results are in the public domain.

More than 3000 researchers from both academia and industry currently use Diamond to conduct experiments, helped by around 500 staff.

The different forms of light that the synchrotron produces can be used to support a vast variety of research.

The following are some of the results published in the past few months in which the facility has played a role: •

•

•

Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB) researchers have identified the exact mechanism and structure of two key enzymes isolated from yeast moulds that together provide a new, cleaner route to the production of hydrocarbons. The research offers the possibility of replacing the use of oil in current industrial processes with a greener and more sustainable natural process. Using Diamond’s macromolecular crystallography (MX) Beamlines, the group were able to garner atomic level insights into this bio-catalytic process.

The breakthrough discovery of bacterial ‘chemical harpoons’, made with the help of Diamond Light Source, could pave the way for a new approach to treating bacterial infections by ‘disarming’ bacteria instead of trying to kill them with antibiotics. These chemical harpoons can be compared to a superglue, whereas all previously known bacterial binding mechanisms can be likened to weak adhesives that require large contact areas for strong binding.

Oral care products containing a natural chemical that stops bacteria harming teeth could help prevent decay, according to a study by the University of Edinburgh. The study shows that it blocks the action of a key enzyme that allows the bacteria to thrive in oral cavities. The team used the remote data collection capabilities on one of Diamond’s five macromolecular crystallography beamlines, to determine the 3D atomic structure of a bacterial enzyme, Sortase A, which creates a protective layer around bacterial cells, preventing them from being destroyed.

Source: www.diamond.ac.uk/Home/News.htm

It is possible for the public to view the facilities. The next open day at Diamond Light Source will be on 26 August 2015.

Early booking is recommended. For more details go to: www.diamond.ac.uk

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

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34

Legal issues

WORKING ARRANGEMENTS Howard Crossman and Sophie

those organisations that are left with redundancy costs in the event of TUPE Askew consider key TUPE case being found not to apply.

While many commercial contracts contain terms relating to the law and its application to the loss apportionment of employee liability of contracts in the lighting industry. between the parties, this is not always the case, and in those circumstances the operation of TUPE will determine who is left with liability. he Transfer of Undertakings Therefore, due to the associated (Protection of Employment) costs, it is crucial for those in the Regulations 2006 (TUPE) does lighting industry to consider the what it says: it protects employees. It commercial impact of TUPE, and does this by ensuring that in certain liability for employees, when they are circumstances, the employment of those submitting tenders or dealing with the affected by a business transfer continues termination of a contract. on the same terms and conditions as applied before the transfer, albeit TUPE AND SERVICE PROVISION subject to some exceptions. It is worth CHANGES noting at this point that TUPE protects TUPE can apply either (1) when a employees, and genuinely self-employed business or part of a business is sold, individuals working in business for or (2) when a contract (such as a lighting themselves are unlikely to be covered maintenance contract, for example) or

by TUPE provisions. other piece of work, is moved from one Employees are a crucial company to another. consideration and an area where It is the second category (called a organisations can face significant service provision change or SPC) that liabilities. In the context of TUPE, is most common in industry and which liability can exist not only in respect those in the UK lighting supply chain are of organisations receiving employees most likely to have encountered in their pursuant to a transfer, but also for day-to-day business.

T

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

An SPC can happen when: • A company outsources some work it used to do itself • A company brings back in-house some work it used to outsource • A company moves some work from one contractor to another.

So whatever your position in the lighting industry, you could find yourself on one side or another of an SPC. There have been some surprising cases in recent years on service provision changes under TUPE, not least in relation to how employees should be organised so that they get the protection of TUPE (and in turn, ensuring that an outgoing supplier avoids potential redundancy costs).

A recent case relevant to the lighting industry (London Borough of Hillingdon v Gormanley and others UKEAT/0169/14) is considered below.

THE FACTS OF GORMANLEY There are certain elements to establish before a service provision change can take place under TUPE. One of these elements that needs close examination is the requirement that immediately before the service provision

Legal issues

The effect of Gormanley and the cases before it means that TUPE has potentially become more difficult for those in the lighting industry change takes place there must exist ‘an organised grouping of employees (situated in Great Britain) which has as its principal purpose the carrying out of activities on behalf of the client’. What’s important is not only that an organised grouping of employees exists, but also that each transferring employee is ‘assigned’ to that organised group. It is this element of a service provision change that was the focus in Gormanley.

The claimants were Robert, Anne and Graham Gormanley – husband, wife and son. Robert Gormanley originally worked as a painter and decorator in the capacity of a sole trader. In 1997 he started working for Hillingdon Homes Ltd which managed Hillingdon’s housing stock. By 1999 Robert Gormanley started working for the newly formed RG Ltd and his wife became the company secretary. Graham Gormanley joined the family business in 2007. While initially doing work for various customers, by 2008 RG was left with Hillingdon as its only customer to which it supplied maintenance works. Other business was sought, but none was found.

RG engaged with Hillingdon on contracts that were extended from time to time. However, on 21 November 2012, Hillingdon notified RG that it would no longer be asking it to perform further work for the borough. As Hillingdon was RG’s only customer at the time the contract came to an end, this decision resulted in a dispute as to whether TUPE applied so as to transfer the employment of the employees from RG to Hillingdon. RG asserted that TUPE applied, while Hillingdon denied this was the case.

This dispute came to a head when the majority of RG’s workforce turned up for work at Hillingdon only to be turned away by the borough’s security guards. All employees brought claims in the employment tribunal, and all were settled save for those that related to the more managerial positions which the Gormanleys had held.

At the first hearing the employment tribunal found that a TUPE transfer had taken place. This was based on a finding that from 2008 onwards the entire workforce of RG had been dedicated to the contract with Hillingdon and the performance of other tasks

was negligible. Thus, there was an organised grouping of employees that had as its principal purpose the carrying out of the maintenance activities on behalf of Hillingdon, and importantly, this organised grouping included the Gormanleys. Hillingdon appealed against the finding.

THE DECISION OF THE EMPLOYMENT APPEAL TRIBUNAL (EAT) Before the EAT it was argued on behalf of Hillingdon that the employment judge erred when considering whether the Gormanleys were assigned to the organised grouping of employees.

No consideration was given to the organisational structure of RG, and the distinction between managerial staff and those tradespeople carrying out the work on the ground. It was important to remember that Robert and Graham Gormanley attempted to source clients other than Hillingdon, and Anne Gormanley as company secretary carried out general tasks for RG – it was not clear what these duties would have been had the company provided services to more than one client. As such, it was argued that the tribunal should have considered the contractual duties of the Gormanleys, and what would have happened had there been more than one client.

The appeal judge agreed with these arguments; it is material to consider the way in which an organisation is structured and an individual’s role within that organisation to determine whether they are assigned to an organised grouping of employees. The EAT made no finding in respect of the Gormanleys (the case being sent back to the employment tribunal to consider in light of the comments made by the EAT) but the case illustrates the importance of considering the duties that could be required of employees, and not just those being performed at the point of transfer.

35

of Ceva Freight (UK) Ltd v Seawell Ltd where TUPE was found not to apply to an employee who spent 100 per cent of their time working for one client as there was no deliberate assignment of that employee to the client’s contract.

To overcome this element of the TUPE service provision test, workforces should be organised so that they are placed in clear and identifiable teams assigned to clients. Ideally this would be demonstrated with reference to employees’ contractual documents, although this does not sit easily with a business wanting to ensure maximum flexibility by operating generic job titles and job descriptions so employees can be required to work across a range of clients.

If this flexible route is taken, establishing TUPE may prove to be a challenge and organisations should do all they can to build a papertrail evidencing the assignment of employees to a particular lighting project (for example, creating team lists, sending side letters confirming working arrangements and so on).

While Gormanley focuses more on managerial roles, which are undoubtedly more difficult to reconcile with the assignment test, it is clear that tribunals must consider the duties all employees could be called on to perform under their contracts of employments – an area that might make organisations vulnerable.

It will be interesting to see how this case is interpreted when dealing with those directly involved in front line service delivery.

Gormanley is also interesting as it will raise questions when dealing with TUPE for organisations that only deal with one client, which is often the case in public lighting contracts. If it is simply happenstance that work is organised in this way, the assignment test will not be made out and consideration will need to be given to how the work would be organised if there were more clients.

The effect of the Gormanley example and the cases before it means that TUPE has potentially become more difficult for those in the lighting industry, and is a timely reminder that the facts of any particular transfer always need careful consideration.

Howard Crossman (hcrossman@ greenwoods.co.uk) is head of COMMENT construction at Greenwoods Gormanley follows a line of cases that solicitors LLP. With offices in London, have found that it’s not enough for an Cambridge and Peterborough employee to be spending all of his or her Greenwoods is a UK commercial time working for a particular client such law firm providing legal advice and as a lighting contractor or local authority. pragmatic solutions to local, national This is best demonstrated by the facts and international clients

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

36

Future concept

CHIP OFF THE OLD BLOCK

A US/Korean team claim to have developed the world’s thinnest lamp A team of scientists has gone back to Edison’s filament incandescent light bulb principle to create the world’s thinnest lamp. They have demonstrated for the first time an on-chip visible light source using graphene, an atomically thin and perfectly crystalline form of carbon, as a filament. They attached small strips of graphene to metal electrodes, suspended the strips above the substrate, and passed a current through the filaments to heat them up.

The team, from Columbia University, Seoul National University (SNU), and Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), published its study, Bright Visible Light Emission from Graphene, last month in the Advance Online Publication (AOP) on Nature Nanotechnology’s website.

The group was led by Young Duck Kim (pictured on the left), a postdoctoral research scientist in Prof James Hone’s group at Columbia Engineering.

‘We’ve created what is essentially the world’s thinnest light bulb,’ says Hone (shown on the right), Wang Fon-Jen Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Columbia Engineering and coauthor of the study. ‘This new type of “broadband” light emitter can be integrated into chips and will pave the way towards the realisation of atomically thin, flexible, and transparent displays, and graphene-based on-chip optical communications.’

Creating light in small

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

structures on the surface of a chip is the key to developing fully integrated ‘photonic’ circuits that will allow light to replace electric currents in semiconductor integrated circuits.

There are various approaches to achieving this, but researchers have

Future concept

so far been unable to put the oldest and simplest artificial light source – the incandescent light bulb – on to a chip.

This is mainly because light bulb filaments must be extremely hot – thousands of degrees Celsius – in order to glow in the visible range and microscale metal wires cannot withstand such high temperatures. Heat transfer from the hot filament to its surroundings is also extremely efficient at this scale, making such structures impractical

and leading to the damage of the surrounding chip. By measuring the spectrum of the light emitted from the graphene, the team was able to show that the graphene was reaching temperatures of above 2500 degrees C, hot enough to glow brightly. ‘The visible light from atomically thin graphene is so intense that it is visible even to the naked eye, without any additional magnification,’ explains Kim. The spectrum of the emitted light showed peaks at specific wavelengths, which the team discovered was due to interference between the light emitted directly from the graphene and light reflecting off the silicon substrate and passing back through the graphene.

‘This is only possible because graphene is transparent, unlike any conventional filament, and allows us to tune the emission spectrum by changing the distance to the substrate,’ says Kim.

37

The ability of graphene to achieve such high temperatures without melting the substrate or the metal electrodes is due to the fact that as it heats up, graphene becomes a much poorer conductor of heat. This means that the high temperatures stay confined to a small hot spot in the centre.

‘At the highest temperatures, the electron temperature is much higher than that of acoustic vibrational modes of the graphene lattice, so that less energy is needed to attain temperatures needed for visible light emission,’ explains Myung-Ho Bae, a senior researcher at KRISS. ‘These unique thermal properties allow us to heat the suspended graphene up to half of the temperature of the sun, and improve efficiency 1000 times, as compared to graphene on a solid substrate.’

The technique can be scaled up, according to the team, which has developed large-scale arrays of chemical-vapour-deposited (CVD) graphene light emitters.

‘Edison originally used carbon as a filament for his light bulb and here we are going back to the same element, but using it in its pure form – graphene – and at its ultimate size limit – one atom thick,’ says Yun Daniel Park, professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Seoul National University.

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

38

VPs’ column

LESSONS FOR THE FUTURE

We all still have a lot to learn, says Mark Ridler, VP architectural

R

eviewing this year and looking forward to the year ahead it is pretty clear that most of the activity of the ILP in the architectural field is split pretty much into learning and promotion.

The How to Be Brilliant series of talks has grown on the success of last year and we are lucky to have an extremely diverse and excellent group of speakers.

The year kicked off with Florence Lam, global leader of lighting at Arup, talking about team work, followed by Michael Grubb explaining a little of his creative process, and Neil Knowles sharing his extensive portfolio of hotel and leisure work and the techniques that result in five-star lighting environments. We’ve also been lucky enough to welcome Rebecca Weir talking about residential lighting and James Siddle on making the transition from student to employed lighting professional.

While I am at these evenings regularly to welcome and introduce the speakers, I always find that I learn a lot too. For instance, as a practice principal, I need to foster a team and am responsible for creating an environment that allows that team to be as creative as possible.

Sometimes this comes down to very practical considerations such as how you configure your working space or the way in which you brief or review projects.

We all have a lot to learn, and while these lectures are primarily pitched at entry level lighting professionals, in fact any one of us could gain hugely from these types of seminars. We can all be very isolated at work, and it is one of the functions of the ILP to provide opportunities to meet informally, and share issues and ideas with fellow lighting professionals.

Lined up this year are talks from Paul Traynor of Light Bureau on mental health lighting, James Newton on photographing lighting, Ray Molony on writing for press, and closing with this year’s Lighting Designer of the Year, Tim Downey of StudioFRACTAL. As you can see, that covers a lot of bases and I would encourage you to come along.

At this year’s Lighting Design Awards, Mark Major gave a keynote speech and looked to the future. He

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

II think that it is evident that our work in the architectural field is becoming increasingly meshed into the wider work of the ILP predicted that consideration of the physiological impacts of light is going to become intrinsic to our work. It is certainly a hot topic at the moment, with debate on the role of biodynamic lighting and the control of the blue spectrum in the night-time environment. It is significant, therefore, that the ILP chose this topic for the International Year of Light Lecture at the Royal Institution, featuring Professor Russell Foster, one of the discoverers of the third receptor and an academic pioneer in the field.

As a profession we are at the beginning of this journey and it seems to me that while we know that light has an impact on the human physiology, as yet we do not know enough about the biology to know what we should be doing. The ILP will be at the heart of this debate and providing forums for us all to search for the answers. Exciting times.

So that is a flavour of our learning agenda, what then of promotion? The lighting profession is regularly accused of talking to itself and not engaging sufficiently in advocacy. The ILP recognises this and is trying to change.

One of our initiatives is Light School at the Surface Design Show. The SDS is a well-established London exhibition for architects and interior designers.

This was the second year that the ILP, in association with Light Collective, organised a series of speakers to talk about light to non-lighting professionals, and was even more successful than last, with standing room only at most of the talks. The show organisers have seen the beneficial impact on visitor numbers and satisfaction, and I’m pleased to say that we are on again for 2016 with a

larger lecture space and a plan to better accommodate exhibitors.

This is probably the most high-profile event of the year of this type, but we are always trying to find opportunities for you to talk to your potential clients – examples being Retail Design Expo in March and the IHEEM/ILP conference on healthcare lighting in July.

Another initiative which I’m very excited about is with UK Trade and Investment (UKTI). Along with the Department of Business, Innovation and Skills, it has discovered that the UK is a centre of world excellence in lighting design and wants to promote us internationally.

Lux Magazine organised a launch of the initiative before the LIA annual luncheon and seminar event. Very much work in progress but it looks as if we may now be on Whitehall’s radar and promoted in a similar way to our architects, designers and film makers.

Watch this space as there should be news to report within six months.

Last October we had a very successful event where Matt Clark from UVA talked about his work. I would like to organise a similarly inspirational event this year. I have an idea for a speaker but any of your ideas would be very welcome. Aim high – because you never know – and it would be nice to understand in what way you wish to be inspired.

It is evident that our work in the architectural field is becoming increasingly meshed into the wider work of the ILP. It is not simply a vanity project, supplemental to the core business. It is part of the core business that is aligned inextricably with issues that affect all of our members.

All these events and initiatives are, and continue to be, of relevance to all of our membership wherever you sit on the design/engineering spectrum.

But if this is going to continue to be the case then we do need your input, ideas and energy. Only then will we be able to accurately understand your needs and thereby serve them. Get in touch. mark.ridler@bdp.com

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What’s new Jan Flook Lighting

Pandanas pendant Designed for applications such as cafe workstations, Pandanas from Australian company Jan Flook Lighting is a feature fitting that also functions as a task light. The design is inspired by the tropical Pandanas plant and the light and shadow effects created by the crossover of its leaves. The fixture is created from two separate anodised aluminium spinnings, which are held apart.

The outer shade has a classical shape measuring 430mm, which is pierced with a 3D laser-cut leaf pattern. The inner shade, hanging just below the outer one, acts as a reflector to bounce and amplify the light from its highly reflective outer surface. The light source is a single PL warm white fluorescent lamp.The tone of the light can be altered according to time of day or mood, by inserting a theatrical colour gel into a vertical tube in the gap between the two diffusers. www.janflooklighting.com

Signature

Retrofit LED Street Light Lamps Distributed by Signature, a new range of actively cooled LED lamps from Light Efficient Design is designed to replace existing HID, Son and Sox lamps. The lamps are available in a variety of sizes, colour temperatures and lux levels to match the majority of existing non-LED fittings and lighting designs. www.signatureltd.com

Zumtobel

Tecton update More than 12m metres of the Tecton continuousrow lighting system – the first to have an 11-pole current conducting section built into the trunking – have been sold since its introduction. The new generation LED lighting system has been slimmed down and has improved energy efficiency (up to 148lm/W).

Based on a point light source, a newly developed split lens uniformly directs the light along both sides, which reduces glare (UGR < 19) and results in a more targeted direction of light. The existing versions have also been converted to metric measurements and are now available in lengths of 1m and 1.5m, with another 2m batten luminaire added. Colour temperature options are 3000K, 4000K and 6500K (Ra > 80). The system has an IP rating of 50. Tecton can be pendant, surface-mounted or recessed, and has a range of optics. www.zumtobel.com

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

Products

41

Verbatim

LED track spots Verbatim, a subsidiary of Mitsubishi Kagaku, has introduced two lines of LED track lights designed for retail, museum and gallery applications, one dimmable, with six products, the other non-dimmable with four fittings. Colour temperatures are 3000K and 4000K, and accessories include an anti-glare snoot for the dimmable line and a honeycomb louvre in the nondimmable line. Available in three power ratings (15W, 28W and 48W), the dimmable range has a light output of up to 4600lm (96lm/W) and a lifetime of 50,000 hours. The non-dimmable range (25W and 40W) has an output up to 3100lm (77.5lm/W) and a 35,000hour life. The heads can swivel up to 350 degrees and tilt is 180 degrees. All come with a 40-degree beam angle but reflectors can be swapped on site for alternatives offering either 20-degree or 25-degree beams for the dimmable and non-dimmable track lights respectively. The housing comes in white as standard with black and silver finishes available on request. www.verbatim.com

Rapid

Cree Europe

XSPR IP66 Series Cree caused a bit of a stir when it launched its $99 street light in the US in 2013. Now the XSPR is available in the UK, and will aim at a similar price tag, selling for less than ÂŁ100. Designed to replace 70W-100W Son, there are two models, 25W and 42W. The fitting features the companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s NanoOptic technology for glare control and uniform distribution, delivering 100lm. Colour temperature options are 4000K and 5700K. Mounting solutions are horizontal tenon mount or adjustable arm for fixture levelling of plus/minus five degrees. The XSPR comes with a 10-year warranty.

CP Electronics CP has launched the next generation of its flagship control system Rapid, which has been available for more than 20 years. Key features of the updated system include an expandable lighting control module (LCM), improved area controller and new energy measurement technology. The lighting control module is now available with eight or 12 outputs, and the eight-output unit can be expanded to 12 with a four-output plug-in module. The (patent pending) modular feature also allows for dimming protocols to be mixed and volt-free options on a single LCM. Rapid also has graduated daylight linking, and testing/monitoring of emergency luminaires using Dali Empro integrated with the front-end PC software. www.cpelectronics.co.uk

www.cree-europe.com

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

HOW HOW TO TO BE BE

BRILLIANT Especially for new designers, apprentices, interns, students and new entrants to the lighting profession.

These are free, fun, friendly, accessible get togethers with a different focus each month.

Expert speakers will cover the details of your lighting career that formal training may not have covered.

WRITING FOR THE LIGHTING PRESS Sept 29 - Ray Molony PHOTOGRAPHING LIGHTING Oct 27 - James Newton LIGHTING LIKE A VETERAN Nov 24 - Tim Downey

all welcome - book your free place now! www.theilp.org.uk/brilliant

THE WORD ON THE STREET IS THE LIGHTING JOURNAL NOW REACHES MORE PEOPLE THAN EVER

TO ADVERTISE IN THE JOURNAL CALL ANDY ON 01536 527297

e u s Is 5 1 0 2 r e b m te p e S Features for The Lanterns project

Is there a link between switchoff, accidents and crime? Phil Edwards reveals the results of the national survey of LAsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; data

Rhythm of light

The ILP lecture: Professor Russell Foster and the third photoreceptor

Glowing down

Do new work patterns signal the end of the ceiling fitting? asks Dominic Meyrick Lighting Journal July/August 2015

44 Independent Light on the lighting past:16 design

The Interim Report

In the early 1930s, new theories of street lighting practice lacked a unified document.

Simon Cornwell looks at the Interim Report of 1935, which provided immediate guidance – and laid down the framework for the future

I

n June 1934 the Ministry Of Transport appointed a departmental committee to ‘examine and report what steps could be taken for securing more efficient and uniform street lighting with particular reference to the convenience and safety of traffic and with due regard to the requirements of residential and shopping areas, and to make recommendations.’

It was never revealed exactly why the MOT decided to appoint this committee, but pressure was being applied on this government department to take responsibility for the lighting of trunk roads, and it would have been prudent for them to lay down some specifications for measurably good street lighting, as they would be partly funding it.

Specifications did exist, but the previous attempt by the British Standards Institution had met with failure. BS 307:1927 was in part a contractual guide based on an illumination model, but failed to guarantee ‘good street lighting’ and its glare calculations proved intractable.

It had also been overtaken by the new wave of discharge lamps which offered unprecedented amounts of light at a reasonable cost; and the new theories on road surface brightness that finally started to reveal the hitherto undiscovered ‘mechanism’ which had so eluded researchers previously (see Lighting Journal April). Therefore the MOT had more to work with, both from practical and theoretical aspects.

The committee was headed by

Lighting Journal July/August 2015

Major FC Cook, the chief engineer of the Roads Department of the MOT, and comprised representatives from electrical and gas concerns, public lighting engineers, members of the National Physics Laboratory and key manufacturers. Notable members among them included JF Colquhoun, the public lighting engineer of Sheffield – whose public exhibition of more than 50 installations at the APLE exhibition of 1928 dramatically showed the limitations of the newly printed BS 307:1927 – and CC Paterson from GEC whose research department developed the first commercial discharge lamp and was currently working on the new theories of road brightness.

Although the committee wasn’t expected to report its recommendations until 1937, an Interim Report was issued in 1935, prompted by a sudden decrease in new installations as lighting engineers preferred to wait for the Ministry’s recommendations rather than design to the discredited BS 307:1927.

The Interim Report only addressed the lighting of traffic routes, but it revealed the general direction the Final Report was going to take. It also outlined the wider scope of the deliberations of the committee: not only were the practicalities of lighting roads addressed, but there was also comment on administrative organisation of street lighting, ideas of cooperation between neighbouring authorities, and the suggestion of the appointment of a public lighting engineer for the larger authorities, a position that would be solely concerned with lighting.

Yet it was the description of the lighting of traffic routes which would be revolutionary: ‘For traffic routes the minimum standard of lighting should be that which enables drivers to proceed with safety at 30 miles per hour without the use of headlights.’

Car headlight technology was crude in the 1930s, liable to dazzle oncoming drivers, and street lighting was seen as a solution to the problem. But the street lighting had to be of a sufficient quality and type to allow drivers to proceed with confidence and realise that they were on a traffic route and could extinguish their headlights.

Therefore only one type of lighting was proposed, sweeping away the myriad classes from the previous specification, and ensuring that there would be no doubt in the motorist’s mind. Traffic route lighting would in future have a fixed 25-foot mounting height with an overhang of six feet and be called Group A.

The new theories of street lighting practice were also included as salient points. Road surface brightness was put forward as the new mechanism for guaranteeing good street lighting; lamp positioning was described with the aim of achieving the best visibility rather than using a uniform spacing or ‘Units Of System’; the longstanding arguments about the lighting of bends was resolved with the stipulation that lamps should be placed on the outside of the curve; and there was some slightly woolly wording about the avoidance of excessive glare (but the committee would return to the problem and define a pragmatic measurement of glare in their final 1937 publication).

The issuing of the report had an immediate effect and engineers started implementing its incomplete conclusions, correctly assuming that the Final Report (which was published in 1937) and the eventual British Standard (much delayed by the Second World War and not issued until 1952 as BSCP 1004) would build on the recommendations of this Interim Report.

It clearly fulfilled its publication brief as previously hesitant lighting engineers started installing street lighting again.

But, most important, it distilled all the new theories and ideas into one practical document. The concept of Group A lighting (with Group B being introduced in 1937) would come to dominate street lighting practice, especially during the years of rebuilding after the Second World War.

The Interim Report: a distillation of all new theories

Lighting Consultants

These pages give details of suitably qualified, individual members of the Institution of Lighting Professionals (ILP) who offer consultancy services.

Go to: www.ilp.org.uk for more information and individual expertise

Carl Ackers

Stephen Halliday

Nick Smith

Built Environment Consulting Ltd

WSP

Nick Smith Associates Limited

MSc CEng MCIBSE MILP MSLL

Castle Donington DE74 2UH

EngTech AMILP

Manchester M50 3SP

IEng MILP

Chesterfield, S40 3JR

T: +44 (0) 1332 811711 M: 07867 784906 E: carlackers@bec-consulting.co.uk

T: 0161 886 2532 E: stephen.halliday@wspgroup.com

T: 01246 229444 F: 01246 270465 E: mail@nicksmithassociates.com

With many years’ experience we are able to bring a wealth of knowledge to the design process. Our vision is to deliver class leading sustainable solutions for the built environment, including specialist internal and external lighting design and specification services, record for PFI projects and their indepedent certification.

Public and private sector professional services providing design, technical support, contract and policy development for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways applications. PFI technical advisor and certifier support, HERS registered personnel.

Specialist exterior lighting consultant. Private and adopted lighting and electrical design for highways, car parks, area and sports lighting.

Lighting Impact assessments, expert witness and CPD accredited Lighting design AutoCAD and Lighting Reality training courses

Steven Biggs

Philip Hawtrey

Anthony Smith

Skanska Infrastructure Services

Mouchel

Stainton Lighting Design Services Ltd

T: +44 (0) 1733 453432 E: steven.biggs@skanska.co.uk

T: 04489 501091 E: philip.hawtrey@mouchel.com

www.bec-consulting.co.uk

IEng MILP

Peterborough PE1 5XG

www.wspgroup.com

BTech IEng MILP MIET

Sutton Coldfield B72 1PH

www.nicksmithassociates.com

Eng FILP

Stockton on Tees TS23 1PX

www.mouchel.com

T: 01642 565533 E: enquiries@staintonlds.co.uk

Widely experienced professional technical consultancy services in exterior lighting and electrical installations, providing sustainable and innovative solutions, environmental assessments, ‘Invest to Save’ strategies, lighting policies, energy procurement, inventory management and technical support. PFI Technical Advisor, Designer and Independent Certifier.

www.staintonlds.co.uk

Award winning professional multi-disciplinary lighting design consultants. Extensive experience in technical design and delivery across all areas of construction, including highways, public realm and architectural projects. Providing energy efficient design and solutions.

Specialist in: Motorway, Highway Schemes, Illumination of Buildings, Major Structures, Public Artworks, Amenity Area Lighting, Public Spaces, Car Parks, Sports Lighting, Asset Management, Reports, Plans, Assistance, Maintenance Management, Electrical Design and Communication Network Design.

John Conquest

Allan Howard

Alan Tulla

4way Consulting Ltd

WSP

Alan Tulla Lighting

www.skanska.co.uk

MA BEng(Hons) CEng MIET MILP Stockport, SK4 1AS

T: 0161 480 9847 M: 07526 419248 E: john.conquest@4wayconsulting.com

BEng(Hons) CEng FILP FSLL London WC2A 1AF

T: 07827 306483 E: allan.howard@wspgroup.com

www.wspgroup.com

IEng FILP FSLL

Winchester, SO22 4DS

T: 01962 855720 M:0771 364 8786 E: alan@alantullalighting.com

Providing exterior lighting and ITS consultancy and design services and specialising in the urban and inter-urban environment. Our services span the complete Project Life Cycle for both the Public and Private Sector

Professional artificial and daylight lighting services covering design, technical support, contract and policy development including expert advice and analysis to develop and implement energy and carbon reduction strategies.

Expert witness regarding obtrusive lighting, light nuisance and environmental impact investigations.

Lorraine Calcott

Alan Jaques

Euan Clayton

it does lighting ltd

Atkins

Clayton Fourie Consultancy Ltd

www.4wayconsulting.com

IEng MILP MSLL MIoD

Milton Keynes, MK14 6GD

IEng MILP

Nottingham, NG9 2HF

www.alantullalighting.com Site surveys of sports pitches, road lighting and offices. Architectural lighting for both interior and exterior. Visual Impact Assessments for planning applications. Specialises in problem solving and out-of-the-ordinary projects.

IEng MILP

Edinburgh, EH15 3RT

T: 07722 111424 E: claytonfourie@aol.com

www.itdoes.co.uk

T: +44 (0)115 9574900 M: 07834 507070 E: alan.jaques@atkinsglobal.com

www.atkinsglobal.com

Award winning lighting design practice specialising in interior, exterior, flood and architectural lighting with an emphasis on section 278/38, town centre regeneration and mitigation for ecology issues within SSSI’s/SCNI’s.Experts for the European Commission and specialists in circadian lighting

Professional consultancy providing technical advice, design and management services for exterior and interior applications including highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting. Advisors on energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

Internationally experienced multi-disciplinary consultants. We provide design and technical advice on all aspects of exterior lighting, hazardous area lighting, traffic signals and other highway electrical works.We also provide Planning Advice, Road Safety Audits and Expert Witness Services

Mark Chandler

Tony Price

Simon Butt

MMA Lighting Consultancy Ltd

Vanguardia Consulting

Capita

T: 01908 698869 E: Information@itdoes.co.uk

EngTech AMILP

Reading RG10 9QN

BSc (Hons) CEng MILP MSLL Oxted RH8 9EE

www.clayton-fourie-consultancy.com

BEng(Hons) CEng, MICE, MILP, MAPM Blackburn, BB2 1AU

T: 0118 3215636 E: mark@mma-consultancy.co.uk

T: +44(0) 1883 718690 E:tony.price@vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk

Exterior lighting consultant’s who specialise in all aspects of street lighting design, section 38’s, section 278’s, project management and maintenance assistance. We also undertake lighting appraisals and environmental lighting studies

Chartered engineer with wide experience in exterior and public realm lighting. All types and scales of project, including transport, tunnels, property development (both commercial and residential) and sports facilities. Particular expertise in planning advice, environmental impact assessment and expert witness.

Capita are a market leading design consultant, who specialise in street lighting design, LED retrofit schemes and project management. We also provide budget reducing solutions through technical expertise in products, specifications and procurement. We offer energy reduction advice, funding mechanisms and financial evaluations.

Colin Fish

Alistair Scott

Simon Bushell

WSP

Designs for Lighting Ltd

SSE Enterprise Lighting

www.mma-consultancy.co.uk

IEng MILP

Hertford SG13 7NN

www.vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk

BSc (Hons) CEng FILP MIMechE

T: 01254 273000 E: simon.butt@capita.co.uk

www.capita.co.uk/infrastructure

MBA DMS IEng MILP

T: 07825 843524 E: colin.fish@wspgroup.com

T: 01962 855080 M: 07790 022414 E: alistair@designsforlighting.co.uk

Southampton SO30 2LG T: +44 (0)1489771803 M: 07584 313990 E: simon.bushell@ssecontracting.com

Providing design and technical services for all applications of exterior and interior lighting from architectural to sports, rail, area, highways and associated infrastructure. Expert surveys and environmental impact assessments regarding the effect of lighting installations on wildlife and the community.

Professional lighting design consultancy offering technical advice, design and management services for exterior/interior applications for highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting. Advisors on lighting and energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

Professional consultancy from the largest external lighting contractor maintaining 1.5m lights in the UK and Ireland. Exterior lighting/electrical design for Motorways, Highways, Architectural, Car Parks, Public Spaces and Sports lighting. From advice on carbon reduction strategies to delivering the whole installation package.

www.wspgroup.com

Winchester SO23 7TA

www.designsforlighting.co.uk

www.sseenterprise.co.uk/solutions-for-business/lighting

Neither Lighting Journal nor the ILP is responsible for any services supplied or agreements entered into as a result of this listing.

LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING DIRECTORY LIGHTING

DIRECTORY EXTERIOR LIGHTING TO RESERVE A PLACE ON THE WAITING LIST FOR THE LIGHTING DIRECTORY PLEASE CONTACT:

Kiwa CMT Testing Non-destructive testing at the root, base, swaged joint and full visual inspection of steel lighting columns.

Techniques employed include the unique Relative Loss of Section meter and Swaged Joint Analyser in addition to the traditional Magnetic Particle inspection and Ultra Sonics where appropriate.

JULIE â&#x20AC;&#x201C;01536 527297 JULIE@MATRIXPRINT.COM

FESTIVE & DECORATIVE LIGHTING

Specialist in high quality decorative and festive lighting.

A full range of equipment is available for direct purchase or hire including unique firework lights, column motifs, cross road displays, festoon lighting and various tree lighting systems.

Our services range from supply only of materials, hire, design and or total management of schemes.

More information is available from: Head Office City Illuminations Ltd Griffin House, Ledson Road, Roundthorn Ind Est Manchester M23 9GP Tel: 0161 969 5767 Fax: 0161 945 8697 Email: dave@cityilluminations.co.uk

COLUMN INSPECTION & TESTING

Designers and manufacturers of street and amenity lighting.

319 Long Acre Nechells Birmingham UK B7 5JT t: +44(0)121 678 6700 f: +44(0)121 678 6701 e: sales@candela.co.uk

candela L I G H T

ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

MACLEAN ELECTRICAL LIGHTING DIVISION Business info: Specialist Stockist and Distributors of Road Lighting, Hazardous Area, Industrial/ Commercial/ Decorative lighting. We also provide custom-built distribution panels, interior and exterior lighting design using CAD. 7 Drum Mains Park, Orchardton, Cumbernauld, G68 9LD Tel: 01236 458000 Fax: 01236 860555 email: steve.odonnell@maclean.co.uk Web site: www.maclean.co.uk

Unit 5 Prime Park Way Prime Enterprise Park Derby DE1 3QB Tel 01332 383333 Fax 01332 602607 cmtenquiries@kiwa.co.uk www.kiwa.co.uk

METER ADMINISTRATION

WIND RELEASING BANNERS

CUT OUTS & ISOLATORS

European distributors of StormSpill®, only system specified by: • London 2012 Olympic Games

Meter Administrator Power Data Associates Ltd are the leading meter administrator in Great Britain. We achieve accurate energy calculations assuring you of a cost effective quality service. Offering independent consultancy advice to ensure correct inventory coding, unmetered energy forecasting and impact of market developments.

01525 862690

info@PowerDataAssociates.com

www.PowerDataAssociates.com Wrest Park, Silsoe, Beds MK45 4HR

LIGHT MEASURING EQUIPMENT HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS LTD Suppliers of a wide range of quality

Meadowfield, Ponteland, Northumberland, NE20 9SD, England Tel: +44 (0)1661 860001 Fax: +44 (0)1661 860002 Email: info@tofco.co.uk www.tofco.co.uk

• Glasgow 2014 Commonwealths

Contact: Kevin Doherty Commercial Director kevindoherty@tofco.co.uk If you would like to switch to Tofco Technology contact us NOW!

Tel: 07900 571022 E-mail: enquiries@ hagnerlightmeters.com www.hagnerlightmeters.com

Patented Raised Lamppost Banner System that significantly reduces loading on columns and prevents banners twisting and tearing.

Column testing and guarantee service available.

Nick Smith Associates Ltd 36 Foxbrook Drive, Chesterfield, S40 3JR t: 01246 229 444 f: 01246 270 465 e : mail@nicksmithassociates.com w: www.nicksmithassociates.com

COLUMNS

0208 343 2525 baymedia.co.uk

SHATTER RESISTANT LAMP COVERS

HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC

Havant, PO9 9BT

• AutoCAD (basic or advanced) • Lighting Reality • AutoluxLighting Standards • Lighting Design Techniques • Light Pollution • Tailored Courses please ring

Contact Nick Smith

The most approved system by Highways Engineers

equipment.

PO Box 210

CPD Accredited Training

Venues by arrangement

Manufacturers and Suppliers of Street lighting and Traffic Equipment • Fuse Units • Switch Fuse Units • Feeder Pillars and Distribution Panels • The Load Conditioner Unit (Patent Pending) • Accessories

light measuring and photometric

INSTRUMENTS LTD

TRAINING SERVICES

Fluorosafe shatter resistant covers – Manufactured from high molecular weight Fluoroplastic material whose lifespan exceeds all maximum quoted lifespans for any fluorescent Lamps.

Holscot supply complete covered lamps or sleeves only for self fitting.

Holscot Fluoroplastics Ltd Alma Park Road, Alma Park Industrial Estate, Grantham, Lincs, NG31 9SE Contact: Martin Daff, Sales Director Tel: 01476 574771 Fax: 01476 563542 Email: martin@holscot.com www.holscot.com

LIGHTING

fresh thinking trusted technology

- Direct LED retrofit lamps - LED gear tray retrofits - Induction Lighting

0203 051 1687 www.indolighting.com

DIARY 28

29

27

How to be Brilliant with: Paul Traynor, Light Bureau Lighting for mental health (Organised by the ILP) Venue: ACDC Studio, London N1 Time: 6.30pm jo@theilp.org.uk

How to be Brilliant with: Ray Molony, Revo Media Writing for the lighting press (Organised by the ILP) Venue: ACDC Studio, London N1 Time: 6.30pm jo@theilp.org.uk

29

1

How to be Brilliant with: James Newton, James Newton Photographs The why, where and when of photographing lighting (Organised by the ILP) Venue: ACDC Studio, London N1 Time: 6.30pm jo@theilp.org.uk

Obtrusive Light: navigating the compliance minefield (One-day course organised by the ILP) Venue: BRE, Bucknalls Lane, Watford WF25 9XX www.bre.co.uk/eventdetails.jsp?id=8648

Night of Heritage Light (SLL IYL event) One night when a series of UK Unesco World Heritage Sites will be specially illuminated www.sll-nhl.org

13

8-10

28-31

Colourdome in London: The HCNW Lighting Paper Venue: Pushkin House, Bloomsbury Square, London WC1 www.cibse.org/training-events

IALD Enlighten Americas 2015 Location: Baltimore, MD www.iald.org/about/events/event.asp?EVENT_ ID=401&

PLDC 2015 (With SLL as Official Knowledge Partner) Venue: Ergife Palace Hotel, Rome www.pld-c.com

14-18

15

Exterior Lighting Diploma Module 1 (Organised by the ILP) Venue: Draycote Hotel, Nr Rugby jean@theilp.org.uk

Practical Street Lighting (Organised by the ILP) Venue: Regent House, Rugby jo@theilp.org.uk

16-19

19-23

LED Lighting China (Supported by the ILP) Venue: Shanghai New International Expo Centre www.ledlightingchina-sh

Exterior Lighting Diploma Module 1 (Organised by the ILP) Venue: Draycote Hotel, Nr Rugby jean@theilp.org.uk

July

July

August

September

September

22-24

September Fifth International LED professional Symposium and Expo (LpS 2015) Venue: Festspielhaus, Bregenz, Austria www.led-professional-symposium.com

September

October

October

October

October

October

27-30 October

Hong Kong International Lighting Fair Venue: Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre ww.hktdc.com

October

18-19

November LuxLive 2015 (Supported by the ILP) Venue: ExCel, London E16 www.luxlive.co.uk

19

November Lux Awards 2015 Venue: Troxy, Commercial Road, London E1 www.luxawards.co.uk

24

November How to be Brilliant with: Tim Downey, StudioFRACTAL (Organised by the ILP) Venue: ACDC Studio, London N1 Time: 6.30pm jo@theilp.org.uk

23-24

September Professional Lighting Summit (Organised by the ILP) Venue: Queen Hotel, Chester jess@theilp.org.uk

Full details of all regional events can be found at: www.theilp.org.uk/events 29 July: Obtrusive light â&#x20AC;&#x201C; navigating the compliance minefield, BRE

WE’ RE !

K C A B

Aura Light UK Limited – Waterloo House, Waterloo Road, Ketley Business Park, Telford, Shropshire, TF1 5JD t: 01952 250800 e: info@aura-light.co.uk w: www.aura-light.co.uk www.noral.se/en

fresh thinking trusted technology

NEW

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The UK’s first LED street light using Direct Drive® technology Advanced Direct Drive® technology offering superior reliability Sleek and super light weight at only 2.7KG Efficient design, single casting, offering excellent durability Typical spacing 40m at 15W (P5) with uniformity of 0.4 System lumen output 1100 - 3292 lm (10W - 30W) LED efficacy 145 lumens/watt

For further information please contact us info@indolighting.com / 020 3051 1687