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LIGHTING

JOURNAL The publication for all lighting professionals

The road ahead: the new British Standard Performance test: retrofit LED tubes analysed Square measures: two enlightened city centre schemes Mr Artemide: Carl Gardner meets his lighting hero

February 2013

Contents

Lighting Journal February 2013 03 EDITORIAL 04 NEWS 08 LIGHT MINDED/

LIGHT HEARTED

10 THE ROAD AHEAD

Alistair Scott and Nigel Parry outline the key changes to BS5489-1: 2013

18 OBTRUSIVE LIGHT

Allan Howard responds to the points raised by Carl Gardner in the January issue

20 FLAIR AND SQUARE

Jill Entwistle looks at two enlightened city centre regeneration schemes, both shortlisted for a lighting design award

36 TO BOLDLY GLOW

Carl Gardner meets the founder and current CEO of pioneering designer lighting company Artemide

42 PRODUCTS 44 PLDA COLUMN

Graham Festenstein on PLDA workshops – and why students and young professionals should take part in one

45 CONSULTANTS

46 LIGHTING DIRECTORY 48 DIARY

26 DOWN THE TUBES?

Richard Caple analyses the performance of retrofit LED tubes and asks do they live up to manufacturers’claims

COVER PICTURE Bradford City Park, with lighting by Arup. See p20

Lighting Journal February 2013

How Much Can It Take?

Detailed structural testing ‘Fitness for service’ calculations All carried out by qualified structural engineers

Luminaires • Street Signs • Decorations • Hanging Baskets • Solar Panels • Traffic Signs • Banners

KNOW YOUR LIMITS

STANDARD INDUSTRIES LIMITED

Standard Industries Limited 32 Friar Gate, Derby DE1 1BX Tel: 01332 366555 email: alison@standardindustries.co.uk www.standardindustries.co.uk

Editorial Volume 78 No 2 February 2013 President Pete Lummis I.Eng MILP Chief Executive Richard G Frost BA (Cantab) DPA FIAM Editor Jill Entwistle Email: jill@theilp.org.uk Editorial Board Tom Baynham Emma Cogswell IALD Mark Cooper IEng MILP Graham Festenstein PLDA John Gorse BA (Hons) MSLL Eddie Henry MILP MCMI MBA Alan Jaques IEng MILP Keith Lewis, Nigel Parry IEng FILP Andrew Stoddart BEng (Hons) IEng MILP Advertising Manager Julie Bland Tel: 01536 527295 Email: julie@theilp.org.uk

long with death and taxes, standards are also something of a certainty, especially for the professional. While they are clearly helpful in defining parameters – whether it be quality, quantity,

or health and safety – there is always a danger that they become too prescriptive, or at least are perceived to be. The struggle in both interior and exterior lighting where the standard makers are concerned is increasingly to emphasise that you cannot legislate for idiosyncracy – especially with a medium as elusive as light – and that an element of common sense must be applied. A box-ticking mentality is likely to be counter-productive in creating a conducive lighting environment, and the spirit of the law will be lost in translation if we are slavish about simply following the letter of the law. It is a point powerfully made by Mark Sutton Vane, principal of Sutton Vane Associates, the Lux Lighting Design Practice of the Year for 2012, and highly experienced in urban lighting strategies (see Light Minded, p8). In fact standards are something of a light motif

in this issue. With the release of the new British Standard for road lighting in December, the ILP is currently running a one-day seminar outlining the changes, a distillation of which is given by Alistair Scott and Nigel Parry (The road ahead, p10). And we feature two city

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centre regeneration schemes where the local authorities involved put their trust in consultant lighting designers rather than the rule book, with highly successful and potentially award-winning results. Jill Entwistle

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Lighting Journal February 2013

News

BRE

launches solar power centre The new BRE National Solar Centre in St Austell, Cornwall, has been officially launched. The aim is to help boost the commercialism of photovoltaics and help the government deliver on the solar PV goals set out in the DECC’s 2012 Renewables Roadmap Update. The UK’s capacity is being steered for growth from its current 1.4GW base up to a potential 20GW by 2020, according to the document. ‘We have a real opportunity here to drive

the uptake of solar PV,’ said BRE director Nick Tune, who developed the idea for the centre. ‘The sector has seen a dramatic reduction in installed costs by up to 50 per cent between 20102012. The centre will help the sector deliver further reductions so solar PV can become competitive with other low-carbon electricity sources.’ As well as supporting the development of building-integrated PV products and the interaction of PV with commercial buildings, the centre will also be concerned with issues around smart grids, storage and power output prediction, said Tune. Included in the centre’s remit will be the development of a knowledge base; support for the development of future standards; fault finding, verification and optimisation for existing systems, and also due

Shedding light on signs

With support from the ILP, a new feature area at Traffex 2013 called Lighting the Way will give visitors the opportunity to see the difference between previous requirements and those proposed in the DfT’s latest traffic signs policy paper, Signing the Way. The paper sets out the policy framework for ensuring that the traffic signing system in the UK meets the future needs of all road users, while building on the established system. The paper also considers how traffic signs will be illuminated in the future.

Lighting Journal February 2013

diligence consultancy. The St Austell location was chosen because the majority of the UK’s solar PV installations are concentrated in southwest England with a total of 55,577 in the region. Cornwall itself offers the most sunshine hours of any county in the UK. The move is also designed to boost the local economy, including encouragement for inward investment to create a cluster of onsite solar PV companies. ‘Solar is an exciting and rapidly growing clean, green source of power and has a valuable part to play in the UK’s energy mix,’ said energy and climate change minister Greg Barker (pictured) at the launch. ‘The new National Solar Centre will help drive down costs, improve efficiency, catalyse growth, spur innovation and develop expertise on the ground.’

The feature area, organised in conjunction with the ILP, REMA, Mott MacDonald and UK Roads, will create a 4000sqm darkened indoor display area in the main exhibition hall. This will present an array of retro-reflective and directly illuminated traffic signing and lining products in street-lit, unlit and dimmed conditions of typical urban and rural street scenes. Traffex takes place in conjunction with Parkex, Europe’s largest dedicated parking exhibition, on 16-18 April at the NEC Birmingham. For more information go to www.traffex.com or www.parkex.co.uk

www.bre.co.uk

LETTER How right Nigel Parry is when he bemoans the lack of qualified lighting engineers employed by local government these days (Lighting Journal January). Years ago the local authority lighting engineer was a much-respected figure in the profession with considerable clout and leadership qualities. Their views and advice were taken seriously by councillors and manufacturers, and acted upon. Unfortunately, today, our road lighting network is controlled by consultants and contractors whose main concern is profit. Nigel writes that he is waiting for strong leadership to return to council lighting engineers, who will stand up for what is really required and establish a strong voice in the lighting profession. In the light of current thinking, it could be a long wait. Neil Macaulay, CEng, HonMILP Past president PS Congratulations on the new look Journal.

News

City of lights out: Paris switches off Summit goes to Scotland The ILP Professional Lighting Summit 2013 will be held in Glasgow this September. Following the newly introduced format, it will feature two full days of topical presentations from experts in all fields of lighting, combined with a comprehensive programme of interactive workshops. An exhibition will feature a range of companies offering a wide variety of lighting products and services, while the ILP Professional Development Zone will provide information and advice on developing membership and career. The ILP Celebration Dinner will be held on the evening of the first day on 11 September. The 2012 summit in Brighton (pictured) attracted more than 300 delegates from around the UK and beyond. The 2013 event will take place on 11 and 12 September at the Thistle Hotel, Glasgow. To register interest or get further details, please contact Jess Gallacher, ILP operations manager, on 01788 576492 or jess@theilp.org.uk

Starring role for projectors

Around 330 of Sill’s 021 Mini Power Projectors with 140W Cosmopolis lamps are the core fittings providing the amenity lighting to Media City, the new city quarter of Manchester. The creative hub at Salford Quays is an iconic £650m regeneration development that is now home to the BBC, ITV, Coronation Street and The University of Salford. Fittings have been used in various ways. Triple-head units fixed to a special extended control gear profile were wall-mounted to the

The French government is to introduce an illumination ban that will force nonresidential properties in Paris to switch off their lights at night. Designed to save energy and reduce light pollution, the measure will come into effect on 1 July this year. Businesses will have to turn off their interior lights an hour after employees have left. Shop-front lighting will be banned after 1am. Christmas lighting and major tourist attractions will be exempted, though the lighting for the Eiffel Tower is already switched off at 1am. The aim is to save 2TWh of power a year, according to French Minister for Ecology Delphine Batho, while reducing carbon emissions by 250,000 tonnes a year. The move will be evaluated at the start of 2014. Former President Nicholas Sarkozy originally mooted the ban as part of a strategy to increase energy efficiency by 20 per cent by 2020. Last year shops and offices were forced to switch off neon lights between 1am and 6am. Some business groups have criticised the ban, claiming that it will damage tourism and affect Paris’s reputation as the ‘city of light’. They are also concerned that it will increase security risks.

Blackburn installs CMS multi-storey car park, or column-mounted for direct light. Pairs were also column-mounted for indirect light using secondary reflectors (above). Tapered columns topped by RGB LED finials support five 021 projectors, and also have the capacity for plug-and-play entertainment lighting. All 75 reflectors and 85 columns installed were specially designed by Sill UK, including internal electrical distribution and isolation and, where necessary, infrastructure for CCTV cameras.

Darwen Borough Council has installed street lighting software from Mayrise Systems in Blackburn. Backed by £400,000 worth of funding from the Department of Transport, the council has developed several projects designed to create an exemplar model of managing highway assets. ‘After a boroughwide data collection

and cleansing exercise we now have a complete record of all equipment,’ said Darwen’s street lighting manager Ian Darlington. ‘This improvement in asset management will ensure that energy providers are provided with accurate usage and inventory data, and will assist with the street lighting dimming programme.’

Lighting Journal February 2013

News

Light, but not as we know it

Here’s one for Trekkies. A researcher from St Andrews has helped create a real-life ‘tractor’ beam, as featured in Star Trek. Still at the experimental stage, the light beam is converted into a pulling device that attracts micro-objects and could have potential uses in medicine such as for testing or treating blood. The team is led by Dr Tomas Cizmar, research fellow in the School of Medicine at St Andrews, who is working with Dr Oto Brzobohaty and Professor

Pavel Zemanek from the Institute of Scientific Instruments (ISI) in the Czech Republic. They discovered the new technique that will allow them to create a ‘negative’ force acting on minuscule particles. Normally, when matter and light interact, a solid object is pushed by the light and carried away in a stream of photons. However, in recent years, researchers have realised that there is a space of parameters when this force reverses.

News in brief The Society of Light and Lighting (SLL) has published its new Guide to Limiting Obtrusive Light. The guide offers simple processes for developing a lighting design for a new installation and for assessing existing designs where there have been complaints of obtrusive light. It also offers some solutions to applications where obtrusive light is common but could be easily reduced. The guide can be used in conjunction with the SLL’s Factfile 7: Design and Assessment of Exterior Lighting Schemes. The guide is available from the CIBSE Knowledge Portal at www.cibseknowledgeportal.co.uk

Michael Grubb, the 2012 Lighting Designer of the Year, has set up his own practice. Grubb left Sutton Vane Associates, where he was a director, at the end of last year. Michael Grubb Studio will provide a range of consultancy and architectural lighting design services, including masterplanning, retail and leisure, exterior, interior, exhibitions and light art.projects. UK-based Marl International and California-based LED lighting manufacturer Bivar Inc have formed an international optoelectronics partnership with manufacturing facilities in North America, Europe and Asia, and a portfolio of around 24,000 high-performance LED and light pipe products. The partnership’s first initiative will be the launch of an enhanced product range of panel mount indicators and flexible light pipes with a wide variety of features and options based on metal and lower-cost nylon housings.

Highway products manufacturer and supplier NAL has been accredited by the Institute of Highway Engineers as an approved CPD course provider. The next courses on street lighting and signage will be on 21 February, 14 March, 4 April, 9 and 30 May, and 20 June.

Harvard extends LeafNut system to signage Harvard Engineering has teamed up with LED street sign manufacturer One2See Signs to provide local authorities across the UK with a solution that allows them to control and monitor LED road signs. The company’s wireless monitoring and control system, LeafNut, initially designed to work with street lighting, will be installed alongside One2See Signs’ internally illuminated LED signs. This will allow local authorities to save energy and carbon emissions by accurately timed switching, as well as being able to remotely manage lighting schedules and inventory. As with street lighting management, there will also be a reduction in night-scouting costs because of lamp failure prediction. The controllable signs have already been successfully trialled by

Lighting Journal February 2013

Westminster City Council, which was one of the first local authorities in the UK to install LeafNut to manage its street lighting. The council is now rolling out the solution across its street signs throughout the city, including in Arlington Street, Pall Mall and Carlisle Place. l Harvard Engineering has won the Mail on Sunday’s first Made in Britain Awards celebrating the best in British manufacturing. The company invested more than £3m in a 3700sqm manufacturing facility in 2011, allowing it to keep all business operations, including manufacturing, in the UK and under one roof. In 2012, Harvard opened offices in Germany, France, Italy and the USA.

LIGHT Minded... Just making sure that lighting is compliant is largely missing the point, argues Mark Sutton Vane of Sutton Vane Associates

8 Opinion

LIGHT Hearted Keith Bradshaw, diector of Speirs and Major, on the deep connection between light and human development

s lighting professionals, we can

both somehow get lost in translation when

What I like about lighting is its

spend a lot of time ensuring that

guidelines are being written. In other

fundamental connection to our way

lighting complies with guidelines

words, we need to put heart into lighting.

of life and our evolution as a species. We invented lighting to allow us to

and standards that largely miss the point.

Let me give you some examples of what

Take our streets. The traditional approach

I mean. When Sheffield Council redeveloped

explore, to feel secure and to stay up

to street lighting is based on a range of

the ‘Golden Route’ from its historic railway

late. Lighting is a liberating tool that

norms that mainly tell us how brightly to

station to the city centre, we lit the route,

we have used as often as flint to aid

light the ground, regardless of who is doing

including a marvellous water cascade, street

our development and evolution. We

the looking. The point of lighting, surely,

furniture and station facade, focusing on the

have always used it both intelligently

is for people to see.

vertical surfaces to catch the eye and help

and creatively in order to enjoy a high-

people find their way. The transformation

quality environment after dark.

If we have to have standards, they should be both sensible and sensitive to

of Sheaf Square, a new public space outside

It is a common commodity,

what lighting design should really be about:

the station, changed the entire footfall of the

something we all need and share.

people. And not only how we actually use

city and – crucially – it created moments of

Consequently lighting is a social leveller

spaces but also how we perceive them. As a

magic along the route; moments of pleasure

which we use in our own ways in our

profession, we have to avoid the box-ticking

and enjoyment that are incalculable.

everyday lives. It is also something

When we presented our ideas for

we too often take for granted, such as

too easily foster. They do not and cannot look

Peterborough Cathedral Square to the

clean drinking water. It is precious and

at the whole picture, which includes how

city’s sustainability officer I half expected

shouldn’t be wasted or overused. One

we feel about a space, what we see and feel

resistance to the idea of adding light

can almost imagine a ‘hose pipe’ ban for

when we arrive there or when we move on.

to the city centre. Yet he very cleverly

lighting, especially if we become truly

They do not take proper account of the way

pointed out that by making it a more

dependent on seasonal energy supplies

we look at things – literally.

attractive and enjoyable space, it would

such as wind and sun.

mentality that guidelines and standards all

Just to take one example: the eye is

remove the incentive to drive elsewhere

Lighting adds to a sense of

extraordinarily powerful and can work at

for entertainment. Adding light creatively

spectacle, creating unexpectedly

very low light levels, much lower than we

and sensitively would actually be more

strong responses and emotions within

tend to realise. Guidelines invariably tend

sustainable than leaving it dark and empty,

us. Conversely, it can often be at its

to set lower limits on lighting levels instead

and help the local economy.

best when it goes unnoticed, and is

of putting a ceiling on them. Setting aside

And there are other examples, such as

discreet, modest and concealed. It can

any environmental or energy-saving

the A11 underpass which is by a river and

be made to feel like it is an intrinsic

considerations, this simply ignores the

now lit with submersible LEDs that reflect

part of something: an enhancement or

fact that people can be perfectly happy

ripples of light on to the ceilings and walls,

complement to a place or a story.

in really quite dark spaces, as long as

making the 100m-long space dynamic and

Our experiences and memories of

welcoming not scary. The whole thing uses

lighting are obviously all very personal.

Standards and guidelines cannot

about 600W, so it is functional and fun. This

Time and memory enhances the truth,

legislate in any meaningful way for other

is what we should aim for: heart and fun and

but lighting is a firm part of our memory

things too, such as how we react to shadow

variety in our lighting.

constructs. You can switch lighting off,

the eye is given time to adjust.

or movement. It is essential to recognise

We can mix science and art. We can pay

that good lighting design is partly an art and

heed to the numbers and the guidelines. But

partly about common sense, and that these

we also have to give our schemes heart.

Lighting Journal February 2013

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Standard update

The road ahead: analysing the new British standard Based on the latest one-day ILP seminar on BS5489-1: 2013, Alistair Scott and Nigel Parry outline the new road lighting standard and summarise the revisions

Standard update

Alistair Scott: Overview of changes

oad lighting standards, in particular BS5489-1, are the foundation of road lighting design. This standard was last published in 2003 when the lighting landscape was very different. Energy was relatively cheap, the use of white light sources was few and far between, variable lighting was a rarity as the technology was not developed fully, and LEDs were not a viable light source for road lighting. In recent years there has been a number of changes relating to road lighting design which have been facilitated by technological innovation or by the economic and political climates. These combined factors have necessitated a new look at the standards. In particular, the drive within local authorities to reduce both energy consumption and capital expenditure has meant that road lighting is one area that has come under the spotlight. Overall, there have been five main themes for changes to the standard: energy, competency, risk assessment, environment, and health and safety.

n White light and S/P ratios In 2003, the benefits of mesopic lighting were introduced for subsidiary roads and it became possible to reduce the lighting level by one class when using white light. This has ensured that white light sources have become the predominant light source for use in pedestrian-related areas. The research has been developed and BS5489-1:2013 now recommends that the ILP PLG03 guidance, Lighting for Subsidiary Roads, be used. This professional lighting guide uses the S/P ratio of the lamp to modify the target illuminance levels. It is a more scientific approach than was used in 2003. Looking at the many options available for managing energy consumption, most local authorities will be employing one or more of the following to reduce energy consumed: • • • • • • • • •

Variable lighting Trimming Choice of lighting class White light Efficient light sources Electronic controls High-efficiency luminaires Efficient design (high utilisation) Constant light output

The last point – constant light output – is now viable. Compensating for lumen depreciation through life prevents the scheme from being overlit by 30 per cent or so from day one.

Competency

Energy

Energy costs have risen dramatically since 2003 and with this has come a need to radically review the method of design and, in particular, the selection of lighting classes to ensure that we get ‘the right light, in the right place, at the right time’. Many lighting professionals are of the opinion that BS 54891:2003 was too prescriptive and led to overlighting in many cases. We want to ensure that we are neither underlighting, nor overlighting an area. There is a major drive to reduce energy consumption either by installing more energy-efficient equipment, designing to lower lighting classes, reducing lighting levels at certain times of the night or switching off either part night or all night. The Carbon Reduction Commitment energy efficiency legislation is another driver to increase the efficiency of lighting installations and reduce energy consumption. The objective for a lighting design should be to achieve the lighting levels appropriate to the task at any particular time. The requirements can change throughout the hours of darkness which means that there is potential to vary the lighting levels. This can be achieved in a variety of ways with the maturing of a number of technologies that allow the light output to be varied up or down, together with the application of CMS systems, which facilitate easy control and monitoring of such variable lighting.

There is a greater need than ever for designers of lighting to demonstrate their competence. Competency has become a buzz word in the design world but it is not something that can be learnt or bought; it comes through having a combination of knowledge, understanding and relevant experience in the subject. The competent person will carry out a risk assessment of the lighting design prior to installation to ensure risks are designed out or minimised.

Risk assessment

The purpose of a lighting design standard is to inform the design process so that any decision is made by competent professionals following a risk assessment. Fundamentally, while there may be a general lighting policy in place, every street is different and so will have different risks associated with it. It is therefore impossible to be completely prescriptive. It is important that local knowledge is used and that relevant stakeholders are consulted. Thus the risk assessment will be street or area specific, reflecting local needs for particular lighting levels. The assessment will identify any particular risks within the street that might call for higher levels than normal being required. Of course if the scheme involves variable lighting then the levels will alter at different times of the night according to the usage and/or change of risk. The process used in the risk assessment will be detailed with the following significant parameters: usage, traffic composition, complexity of the task; ambient luminance; crime.

Lighting Journal February 2013

12 Standard update Environment Environmental issues have also risen up the agenda and many lighting designs are now accompanied by an environmental impact assessment. Lighting is now covered by the Environmental Protection Act and can be classified as a statutory nuisance if poorly designed or installed. The ILP guidance notes for the reduction of obtrusive light continue to be the benchmark for designers to ensure that their designs do not cause excessive obtrusive light.

the years. In the 1960s and 1970s, there was a recipe method with the spacing predetermined for a road type and column-mounting height. In 1987 we got slightly more sophisticated and had a choice of three classes, based on usage and crime. In 2003 this was then increased to seven classes. In 2013 we still have seven classes, but the emphasis is on the designer to assess the risks before arriving at a design class for the most onerous conditions typically encountered. The table selection process has

the criteria for choosing a lighting class as traffic volume and also junction density for dual carriageways. For subsidiary roads the primary criteria for selection are the traffic flow and the ambient luminance. n Ways to reduce energy consumption There are four changes to the new BS5489-1 which, when taken together, will often lead to a significant reduction in electrical energy consumed, combined with a potential reduction in column numbers. • New selection process leads to lower lighting levels • Revised maintenance factor table leads to higher MF • S/P ratio replaces one-class step change for white light • Variable lighting promoted for most road lighting tasks

Health and safety Health and safety is an important area to consider as there has been a number of high-profile incidents that have occurred either directly or indirectly as a result of lighting design or maintenance issues. BS5489-1 refers designers to the guidance available, particularly in respect of designing in the vicinity of HV cables and designing out risk of vehicles colliding with columns. The risk assessment should highlight risks associated with the location of the column and its vulnerability to a vehicular collision. The onus is on the designer to design out risk. Further information is available in BS EN 12767 and TR30, both of which provide guidance on passive safety and advise on the risk assessment approach. There are reminders that Construction Design and Management regulations (CDM) are particularly applicable to designers, and that designs should evaluate and minimise risks to road users, road workers, installation and maintenance crews. n Selection of lighting class The approach to choosing the right lighting level for a road has evolved over

Lighting Journal February 2013

been amended to move closer to the CIE approach, which is expected to be adopted by CEN in the future. It is, however, adapted to reflect UK best practice. n Five-step approach Step 1: The first step is to select the relevant table for the main users. Step 2: Carry out a risk assessment on the road from a lighting design perspective, noting any aspects of the road or users that may lead to a higher or lower lighting requirement. Step 3: Adjust the lighting class on the basis of the risk assessment outcome. Step 4: Adjust the target illuminance based on the S/P ratio of the lamp if applicable (only for subsidiary roads). Step 5: Repeat the above process, steps 1-4, for different periods of the night when the usage and risks may vary sufficiently to allow a different lighting class selection. The tables for traffic routes define

To summarise the strengths of the new BS5489-1: it provides comprehensive guidance on all aspects of the design process for all road lighting tasks; it allows a certain amount of flexibility on lighting classes and provides plenty of scope for introducing variable lighting – remember, the essential message is the right light, in the right place, at the right time. The revision also provides a more scientific approach to the white light debate and introduces the concept of a risk assessment approach to selecting the lighting class. In the majority of cases it is expected

that lighting designs to the new revision will consume less energy than designs to the 2003 version.

Standard Project analysis update

Nigel Parry: Lighting for subsidiary roads (mesopic lighting) As has been mentioned in the previous overview of the new standard, the latest BS5489 no longer proposes dropping

an entire P class when using a white light source, but rather following the guidance as outlined in the ILP PLG03 guidance, Lighting for Subsidiary Roads. The guide has therefore been developed to aid in the selection of lamp type and illuminance in a way that takes account of the changes in the spectral luminous efficiency of the average human observer in the mesopic region, updating the research first reported in the ILPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Technical Report TR29.

The guidance was primarily developed by Steve Fotios and Teresa Goodman (see Lighting Journal December 2012 for a full exposition) and applies the CIE system for mesopic photometry in conjunction with the range of illuminances for subsidiary roads stated in BS5489 and BS EN 13201. The guidance concerns only lighting for subsidiary roads in residential and urban areas covered by the newly defined P-classes in these standards. In these areas, it is normal to provide lighting that focuses more, but not exclusively, on the needs of pedestrians compared to those of drivers, and lighting should therefore enhance the visual tasks of pedestrians to aid safe movement and to improve their perception of safety. Key visual tasks including detection of pavement obstacles and recognising the intent of other pedestrians. However, different light sources have different spectral power distributions and so different illuminances are required to maintain the same level

of visual amenity under different light sources (in the seminar we describe a method by which to make this trade-off). Background research The research carried out by Fotios and Goodman centred on four key areas: n Brightness In residential areas there is a need for areas to appear brightly lit as people link spatial brightness with safety: This can be satisfactorily predicted by using the CIE system for mesopic photometry, with lamps of higher S/P ratio appearing brighter. n Acceptability In addition to providing lighting that appears bright, and that enables visual tasks to be carried out, it is desirable that the appearance of the lighting is acceptable to users: This can be predicted using the CIE general colour rendering index (CRI), with lamps of higher Ra leading to preferred appearance. n Obstacle detection An obstacle is an approaching object or irregularity on the pavement surface that may cause a pedestrian to trip, or is not noticed in time to avoid collision â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a potential safety hazard: This can be predicted using the CIE system for mesopic photometry, with lamps of higher S/P ratio increasing the detection probability of pavement obstacles. n Facial recognition It is desirable for a pedestrian or cyclist to be able to recognise the intent of other road users at a sufficient distance for avoiding action to be taken, if necessary: It is suggested that higher CRI and higher S/P ratio will increase the ability to detect other people and then recognise their intent, but this remains to be confirmed. Residential lighting application For subsidiary roads the required illuminance depends on the type of lamp as well as the class of road. This is because the visual effectiveness of different lamp types varies through the mesopic region due to changes in the spectral sensitivity of the eye with light

Lighting Journal February 2013

14 Standard update level – by using lamps with a high visual effectiveness, the illuminance can be reduced compared with that for lamps with lower visual effectiveness. The guidance is based on the specified illuminances for the different P-classes, as given in BS5489, but allows a reduction in these specified illuminances depending on the lamp type when using lamps with a CRI greater than or equal to 60, or Ra ≥ 60. The allowed reduction in illuminance is characterised using the CIE system for mesopic photometry and is summarised in Table 1 below, which is taken from PLG03. The lamp type is defined by the use of the S/P-ratio: The ratio of the luminous output of a light source evaluated according to the CIE scotopic spectral luminous efficiency function, V’(λ), to the luminous output evaluated according to the CIE photopic spectral luminous efficiency function, V(λ)

50W HPS

45W CPO

30W LED

35W MH

Lamp S/P ratio

0.6

1.2

1.6

2.4

Lamp CRI

Ra<60

Ra >60 Ra >60

Ra >60

P4 Levels: Eav (lux)

5.0

Emin (lux)

1.0

Designed: Eav (lux)

5.84

5.01

5.73

5.07

1.04

1.41

1.04

1.11

41.5

42.5

36.0

Emin (lux) Pole spacing (m)

Table 1: Allowed reductions in specified P-class illuminances for lamps with CRI Ra ≥ 60 (PLG03)

50W HPS

45W CPO

30W LED

35W MH

Lamp S/P ratio

0.6

1.2

1.6

2.4

Lamp CRI

Ra<60

Ra >60 Ra >60

Ra >60

P4 Levels: Eav (lux)

5.0

4.0

3.7

3.2

Emin (lux)

1.0

0.8

0.74

0.64

Designed: Eav (lux)

5.84

4.67

5.30

4.26

1.0

0.86

0.74

0.63

41.5

Emin (lux) Pole spacing (m)

Table 2: Design target values from Table 1 taking into account S/P ratios

Lighting Journal February 2013

Standard update Again, in the seminar, we work through a number of examples of applying the lamp S/P ratio using existing lighting design software. The worked examples take a typical residential road that has been determined to be lit to, say, P4 ( nee S4), and initially looks at using a high-pressure sodium lamp (S/P 0.6) and notes the Eav and Emin, its design spacing and also the energy used per kilometre. The process is repeated with a CPO lamp (S/P 1.2), an LED (S/P 1.6) and a metal halide lamp (S/P 2.4) without using the S/P ratio. These values are purely an example and I would emphasise that the actual values of any light source must be checked with the manufacturer. The design process is then repeated, taking into account the lamps’ S/P ratios and the results are then amended (taking the design target values from Table 1) The results are then discussed (usually at some length) and observations on the findings are noted. There are pros and cons to this new approach which could be briefly summarised as follows: Pros • • • • •

Basic link to P (S)-classes retained Allows for changes in visual performance with light level Avoids current full-step reductions which vary from 25 per cent to 40 per cent – which may be too large, for example, for trip hazard detection Avoids use of lamps with high saturation poor colour quality (CRI max 2.8) Increased flexibility to exploit new source developments such as LEDs

Cons • •

Appears complicated (but only at first sight) Does not address the problem of overlighting – in other words, it assumes P (S)-class illuminances are correct (but easy to adapt if P (S)-classes change)

Seminar details The CPD seminar on which these features are based will give a detailed guide to the changes in the new and comprehensively updated BS 5489-1, published on 31 December 2012. It also includes draft proposals for EN13201, conflict areas and the latest research on mesopic vision and what action lighting professionals must take.

Content 1. British Standard • Introduction to BS5489-1 • Introduction to BS EN 13201 (draft proposed changes) • Reasons for road lighting • Environmental considerations • Energy considerations • Design strategy and lighting classification – risk assessment • Variable lighting for subsidiary roads • Variable lighting for traffic routes 2. When does a highway become a conflict area? • The purpose of a conflict area • Determining the lighting class • What is and is not a conflict area • Size of a conflict area • Worked examples of achieving those results using Lighting Reality 3. Understanding mesopic vision • Basic understanding of the CIE photometry • Awareness of research behind the changes • Changes from currently dropping a lighting class to dropping the light levels required based on the light source S/P ratio • What roads/areas it applies to

Dates 27 February 26 March

Cost

ILP member: £195 + VAT BS 5489-1:2013

Code of practice for the design of road lighting. Lighting of roads and public amenity areas Publication date: 31 December 2012 http://shop.bsigroup.com/en

Non member: £340 + VAT For more details or to book: jess@theilp.org.uk

Lighting Journal February 2013

The Society of Light & Lighting (SLL) and the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, IrelandRegion (CIBSE) will present an international conference on lighting in the Spring of 2013. A panel of world-renowned lighting experts from the UK, Ireland and further afield – is currently being assembled. They will cover everything from legislation

International Lighting Conference

through to codes of practice, quality, new product developments and LED technology. The common thread throughout will be energy usage and energy efficiency in relation to lighting. The conference delegate fee is e105.Early Booking fee is e95, provided it is paid by 28 February 2013. Members of supporting organisations will receive a 10% reduction when booking. Members’ price is e95 or e85 for early booking.

Conference bookings/enquiries email: kevin.kelly@dit.ie

FOCUSING on ENERGY, STANDARDS and QUALITY April 12th 2013 Croke Park Conference Centre Dublin

Sponsor Partnerships Become a delegate sponsor for £400 and enjoy benefits including - two free delegate places at the conference (see website for other benefits).

Supported by

In the spotlight with the Journal

Showcase your products and services to the lighting community, or let your fellow professionals know whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s new by advertising in the Journal Features for March Regulation update: Part L 2013 Latest WEEE revisions

Call Julie on 01536 527295 email: julie@theilp.org.uk

Discussion

Obtrusive light guidance: the reply Allan Howard responds to the points raised by Carl Gardner in the last issue

n his article regarding the ILP’s obtrusive lighting guidance (Lighting Journal January), Carl Gardner raises a number of interesting issues, some of which I would agree with. Others, however, perhaps need discussion and due consideration by the appropriate groups. There are two distinct aspects that arise from what Gardner argues: first, is the guidance correct and, second, what should environmental health officers actually be doing? Let’s start by looking at the guidance. The ‘target’ of the article is wrong – as Gardner rightly comments, the ILP Guidance is only a distillation of CIE 150 Guide on the limitation of the effects of obtrusive light from outdoor installations, plus CIE 126 Guidelines for minimising sky glow. These two CIE documents are standards and as such have the highest ranking. I believe that it is these documents and not the ILP guidance that requires attention, which will then filter down into the ILP document. I fully agree that clearer advice on defining the environmental zone would certainly help, but local knowledge and discussion must form part of any decision process when agreeing this. It has proven difficult to provide precise detailed descriptive classifications over the years, as adjacent areas of different zonal classification must also be considered when discussing lighting and the worst case adopted. My own experience when looking at planning applications or light nuisance is that intensity is normally the main issue and it is true that the approach within CIE150 does not lend itself to practical measurement. The measure of intensity as candelas clearly needs consideration and change so that it can be measured on site. It is possible, as Gardner comments, to use a tube,

Lighting Journal February 2013

illuminance meter and distance. However, as the ILP teaches on its photometry course, this method is so full of uncertainties it cannot practically be used and the readings could always be questioned, especially when the outcome requires a change to the installation. What we need is something practical, but what? We can measure luminance in terms of candelas per square metre so could that somehow be used as the measure? We also have the issue that intensity is only defined as per source and not all applicable sources at a location. For example, if we take a floodlighting mast with, say, 10 luminaires for a football pitch viewed from, say, 45m, all 10 luminaires will appear as one – should the nuisance therefore be considered as the whole rather than the individual? Vertical illuminance is fine, it must be the total light falling on to a surface, and the designer should consider current levels when planning a new installation. In other words, if the window already has three lux and the limit is 10 lux then the designer can only add a further seven lux through his or her design, or perhaps the existing installations also require due consideration to reduce their impact at the time of designing additional lighting within an area. The second main issue is what should environmental health officers actually be doing? I do not believe they need to, or should, be experts in all areas of the planning and environmental remit, and this view is supported by a number of EHOs I work with. What they do require is the knowledge to be aware of the relevant issues and know when to call in the experts. This already happens with regard to noise, for instance, and is starting to happen regarding lighting, with EHOs either calling in their own lighting staff or consultants. Here we are back to the key topic of competency. This is an important element of any work especially when it may come down to legal judgements requiring the owners of a lighting installation to make changes. CIE 150 itself advises that measurement should only be undertaken by ‘persons who are professionally qualified and competent in the discipline of illuminating engineering’. Attending a training course does not give competency but purely awareness, and this should be advised. This aside, with the increasing awareness of light nuisance we are seeing it being addressed at the planning stage more and more through environmental impact assessments. Here the designer, using the right software, can demonstrate the effectiveness of a design and calculate all of the obtrusive lighting effects. The forthcoming ILP PLG 04 document, Guidelines for lighting assessments as part of environmental impact assessments, will address some of this. However, no matter how good the design is, it is more commonly at the installation stage or post installation that residential complaints arise and need to be considered and, where found, should be addressed. For this we need to be able to measure performance. In summary, we need CIE to consider how intensity/glare can be defined so that practical, accurate measurement can be undertaken on site. The ILP guidance is good, it is a distillation of the CIE Standards and does not really require ‘watering down’. EHOs and planners need to be aware of lighting issues so that they can determine when best to call in the experts to advise them. They cannot and should not be required to understand and be proficient in all aspects of nuisance.

Flair square and

Two regenerated public spaces, both shortlisted for a 2013 Lighting Design Award, which owe their success to enlightened thinking. Jill Entwistle reports

Urban lighting

Bradford City Park

t was perhaps inevitable that architect Will Alsop’s somewhat inflated 2003 vision for Bradford city centre as the centrepiece of a modern urban park was destined to be demoted. A giant speech mark of water wrapping itself around the Victorian town hall was conceived of as the centre of the ‘bowl’ – one of four elements forming the masterplan – ‘an area of exhibition, learning skills and business development’. But one of the virtues of thinking

of the Lux Urban Lighting Project of the Year, contains the largest citycentre water feature anywhere in the UK, a 4000sqm mirror pool, and the country’s tallest urban fountain which reaches 30m. Water can be partially drained to reveal a causeway, allowing pedestrians to walk through the centre of the pool between the 100 fountains, or

‘My general impression is that local authorities are getting more adventurous as they understand that lighting can have a very positive impact on the night-time economy and how people feel about a space and therefore how they use it’ Dan Lister, Arup big is that even after you’ve watered down a concept – an appropriate analogy in this case –you can still be left with something that’s quite ambitious and rather impressive, even when the hoped-for lottery funding fails to materialise. Bradford City Park, also winner

drained fully to provide a large-scale venue for events. Water was always destined to be the centrepiece, a connection with Bradford’s history as a Victorian textile and wool centre, when it thrived because of the quality of its water for washing wool. (The

coloured LED fountain lighting recalls the local dyeing industry.) ‘Bradford Council was always aspirational,’ says Dan Lister, senior lighting designer with Arup, which created the lighting scheme. ‘They were very keen on the beautification of the area and they knew that it needed a significant amount of work to create that public space. But it was also important that it was functional and could be used for many different purposes.’ That flexibility was probably the key challenge for the lighting, particularly when dealing with such an extensive space, and one that changed from a reflective wet surface to a non-reflective dry expanse. ‘Because of the multifunctional use of an 80m-diameter space when it’s drained of water, how do you maintain that free of lighting columns, and when it becomes a water feature that’s lit, how do you maximise the impact of that? Those were the questions we had to ask,’ says Lister. Rather than a traditional blanket lighting approach, the lighting had to balance the functional with the playful for different pedestrian experiences. It helps with navigation around the park, emphasising primary and secondary routes and decision points. ‘We put the emphasis on safety and safe movement, and the rest becomes low level spill,’ says Lister. ‘We worked closely with the local authority who were quite adventurous and willing to accept our guidance. There weren’t as risk averse as some local authorities.’ One of the things that everyone wanted to avoid was a sea of columns, though framing such a large space was seen as beneficial. The principle of a high mast was therefore adopted. ‘We decided that something with some height would actually work within that space and give it some body and presence,’ says Lister. Collaborating with landscape architect Gillespies, the mast idea evolved to become an artistic/ architectural element, at which stage artist Wolfgang Buttress was brought in. ‘The aim was to make these

Lighting Journal February 2013

Urban Lighting

elements work as hard as they could both in terms of aesthetic appeal and what they contained.’ The 17m-tall feature columns, 10 in all, combine architectural, artist and feature lighting, incorporating three types of functional lighting equipment, as well as laser lighting and interactivity sensors for the art installation. The workhorse lighting comes from WE-EF FLC240 3000K metal halide projectors, some standard and some customised with lasers and cameras integrated into the housing.

‘Since its opening the park has attracted thousands of visitors and made a positive impact on the city centre’ – Barra Mac Ruairi, strategic director for regeneration and culture, Bradford Council At that height, glare was potentially a problem. ‘We spent an awful lot of time looking into the issue of glare, particularly with the longitudinal movement of people along the space,’ says Lister. ‘We eventually established through analysis that by using a number of smaller light sources rather than large wattage fittings the result would be a much more comfortable environment to be in.’ Luminaires are therefore mainly 35W – used to reduce intensity, and control disability and distraction glare – with a few 70W fittings. Each is precisely aimed. ‘For example, very narrow beam, elliptical lens spotlights are used just to pick out vertical lighting of people on the causeway,’ says Lister. The fountains and integrated colour-changing LED fixtures supply the drama and dynamism with a series of programmed sequences. (Working with The Fountain Workshop, NJO Technology customised three of its fittings, two spotlights and a donut-shaped fountain light). When combined with Haque Design and Research’s interactive Another Life art installation, the light show extends into the evening with low-intensity laser projections on to the plaza surface. The scheme is also very efficient – the integrated architectural, artist and feature lighting has a peak consumption of less than 1kW. ‘It was actually slightly liberating that the council decided they did want to go ahead even without that lottery funding,’ says Lister. ‘It’s not as large a scheme as it was originally back in 2003 but it’s a brave statement from Bradford.’

Lighting Journal February 2013

Client: Bradford Council Lighting and design: Arup Landscape architect: Gillespies Architect: Sturgeon North Public artwork curator: Atoll Water features: The Fountain Workshop

Gordon and Beresford Squares, Woolwich

oolwich may lack the cachet of the UK’s largest and highest water features – though it does have one – but the simple lighting treatment, all LED, creates a striking visual effect. Actually it’s two squares, functionally very different, interconnected by a walkway. The first, Gordon Square, has been hard landscaped with tiers, enclosing grassed areas, that form both seating and walkways. These graduate down to an event area in front of which is a minimal water feature, creating a contemporary amphitheatre. The second space, Beresford Square, is an open, more functional area, fronting the historic Woolwich Royal Arsenal gatehouse, and used for markets and other events. Initially both of them appeared distinctly unpromising, says Steve Dean, director of LAPD, which designed the lighting. ‘The squares were seriously depressed when we saw them first. We wanted to create an environment that was not just interesting but a destination where the public could go and sit and enjoy the surroundings.’ They were also a classic example of the assumption that the more the light levels are jacked up, the greater the impact on vandalism and crime. ‘They had extraordinary lighting

levels around the squares – 120 lux – because the police kept on insisting that they increase the lighting levels more and more because of the vandalism,’ says Dean. ‘We pointed out that this had created a massive contrast so that the surrounding area was very bright and the square very dark. People didn’t want to walk across the square because at night it appeared pitch black.’ Like the Bradford scheme, the lighting concept for the landscaped space was not to blanket light the whole area to a certain level but to delineate the landscaping, creating lines of light under the tiers. Insta linear LED fittings are set up into the granite in a slot 80mm high by 25mm wide to prevent vandalism. For maintenance purposes, a plug system for all the linear runs and special fixings allows each fitting to be removed and replaced individually. The LEDs are 240V mains fed, negating the need for drivers and allowing runs to be fed at one end only, with a maximum run of 30m. Fittings near the water feature are low voltage to reduce the risk if a vandal decides to try and remove one. These linear fittings graze the upstand and push light down on to the ground directly below. ‘It’s creating quite a big contrast because the actual walkway is about 2m wide so you only actually get light quite close to the seat,

which was the idea – we weren’t trying to light right across,’ says Dean. ‘The only luminaires that light directly across the walkway are on the main drag coming down to the stage area where there are lights embedded in the side of the wall. That was to do with regs, we didn’t want to do it. ‘There are sufficient lighting levels to navigate across the square in any of those areas where there are tiers,’ adds Dean. ‘People can walk across the square without any problems at all and with facial recognition – the lighting level had cylindrical performance from the bounce light of the seat lighting, plus some from the Reggiani fittings.’ This second lighting element, Reggiani Envios projectors mounted on 15m columns, was specially developed for the project using LED Luce light sources with RE IOS optics. The images of the scheme, taken in winter, are deceptive because the function of the projectors is to light down through the foliage of both the mature trees at the edge and the newly planted trees in the square itself. ‘Those fittings are really only there for a theatrical effect, to light through the trees to create shadows,’ explains Dean. Colour temperature plays a significant part in the overall effect, with 5000K LEDs used on the masts and

Lighting Journal February 2013

Urban Lighting

4000K for the LEDs delineating the paths across the square. The council also redid the lighting around the square using metal halide lamps. ‘We advised them on the lighting levels,’ says Dean. ‘Basically to put only the levels they required on the roadways so that we’re now talking 10 lux maximum on the pavement edge rather than the 120 lux they had.’ The council’s brief for the second square was to avoid high masts or poles because they didn’t want the open space to resemble a car park or sports area, and to make it logistically easier for traders to set up the markets. The solution, from the architect, was a catenary system for which Reggiani developed a special lightweight version of the Envios LED projector. A combination of narrow beams – creating attractive pools of light – and wide beams that can be simply switched remotely allows a different effect for an event than the general lighting that is used for the markets. An Australian yacht chandler with

wide experience of the technology designed the engineering. ‘It’s quite amazing how much force there is on a wire that has to go across 50m-60m and hold light fittings,’ says Dean. ‘You also need to know how far to embed the supporting columns in the ground. The particular difficulty with London is the number of tunnels there are, including the tube –there was only 1.5m depth above the top of the tube line at Woolwich. You have to have all the ground surveyed and it’s those things that add complications. It was hard work but a nice solution.’ Although there were moments of doubt, the council’s decision to put its confidence in the scheme has paid off. ‘They are absolutely delighted with what they’ve got,’ says Dean. ‘We lost count of the number of people who came up to us while we were commissioning and said it looks incredible, and that they never thought the space could look like this. People are using the space much more. It used to be a nest of nastiness.’

Client: Royal Borough of Greenwich Lighting design: LAPD Landscape architect: Gustafson Porter

LED analysis

Down the tubes? In an abridged version of his Bartlett School MSc dissertation, Richard Caple of Thorlux Lighting looks in detail at the performance of LED retrofit versions of fluorescent

tubes â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and asks whether they really offer the benefits their makers claim

LED analysis

he lighting industry is undergoing rapid change with the development of solid state lighting (SSL) technology. In particular LED sources are transforming the lighting scene by offering more energy-efficient lighting solutions compared with more conventional light sources. This fast development over the past 10 years has now reached a point where LED light sources, in some circumstances, outperform fluorescent lamps, generally regarded as one of the most efficient light sources for many commercial and industrial applications. However, in taking up LEDs for all applications, are we rushing to adopt a technology that’s not quite ready? And do we yet understand all the facts to make informed decisions? The focus of this study is an examination of one type of LED product that is becoming commonplace in the lighting market, the LED tube retrofit replacement for conventional fluorescent lamps. They are of a similar size and are intended as a simple one-for-one replacement – and manufacturers claim large energy savings can be made using these products. Background Linear fluorescent lamp technology has been around since the late 1930s and today is widely used in many applications. It is a very efficient, compact and relatively inexpensive source. Manufacturers have developed a number of different luminaire types to control and distribute the light from the lamp in a manner suitable for a range of applications. Linear fluorescent lamps are commonly used in the majority of commercial and industrial buildings, such as schools, hospitals, factories and offices. Manufacturers have quickly taken the opportunity to incorporate LED technology in a linear package designed as a direct replacement for older linear fluorescent lamps, thus offering users energy savings without having to replace the entire luminaire. These LED tubes are being marketed as a far superior

product to the fluorescent, offering users large energy savings, increased lamp life and reduced maintenance costs. But is this the true story? The first issue we encountered in our study is that gaining technical information about LED tubes is quite difficult. Many of the manufacturers do not publish basic lamp performance criteria such as lumen output, colour rendering index (CRI) and correlated colour temperature (CCT). These are basic parameters needed when specifying lamps, not least to ensure that the relevant British Standards are complied with. Instead manufacturers/ suppliers simply focus on the wattage of their products and make comparisons to the type of fluorescent lamps that they could replace.

Carbon Trust accreditation? Many of the LED tube makers and distributors make reference to the Carbon Trust and include the Carbon Trust logo in their marketing, as evidence of their energy-saving credentials, even though Carbon Trust loan approval for small businesses is based on a demonstration of CO2 savings and is not therefore product specific. The scheme does not stipulate whether or not a particular product is efficient, and does not indicate whether a product is suitable. The Carbon Trust name and logo are well known within the lighting industry, but using its name in marketing campaigns is clearly misleading.

from LED tubes is so different that it alters the photometric performance of the light fitting. For example, the US State Department of Energy (US DoE) has tested LED tubes since 2008 and has concluded that of all the LED tubes tested, not one matched the light output (luminous flux) of a comparable linear fluorescent lamp. In US DoE light distribution tests, the overall performance of both lensed troffers and parabolic louvre light fittings deteriorated when fitted with LED tubes. The report also noted that the majority of LED tubes required the existing control gear for the fluorescent lamp to be removed from the circuit, which meant that mains supply voltage was then applied to the lampholders. This raised a number of safety related issues – and could invalidate safety certification, such as, in the case of European states, the CE mark. In addition, if the control gear is removed from the luminaire, emergency lighting provision will be compromised, unless such lighting is provided in another way – but this will further add to costs. In summary, the US DoE report found that LED tubes were not a viable retrofit solution for fluorescent lamps. It established that the light output and colour performance were substandard when compared with fluorescent equivalents. The light distribution from the LED tubes significantly altered the intended distribution of the light fixture and if the shortcomings were addressed with extra light fixtures, there were virtually no energy savings.

There have been doubts for some time that LED tubes provide the same quantity and quality of light as fluorescent lamps. There are also concerns that the distribution of light

Lighting Journal February 2013

LED analysis

Research method Within the UK context, the main aim of this research was to establish whether LED tubes are the simple retrofit solution that manufacturers claim. The study investigated and tested a number of LED tubes on the market for the following factors: • Light performance • Light distribution • Lighting scheme performance • Electromagnetic strength (radio-frequency interference and harmonics) • Life-cycle costs LED retrofits are available in both T8 (26mm diameter) and T5 (16mm diameter) formats. Because LEDs are mainly aimed at the retrofit market and T8s are still very common in UK commercial buildings, T8-format LED lamps were chosen for the trials. As T8 lamps are not as efficient as the modern T5, choosing T8 lamps as a comparison also gave the LED tubes the best chance of outperforming fluorescent sources. The benchmark linear fluorescent chosen for the tests was the common 36W 1200mm T8 840 lamp, made by GE. Six corresponding LED tubes were sourced from four different manufacturers, including a well-known major lighting brand (Philips), a high street retailer (Maplin) and lesserknown internet lighting providers. The six LED tubes ranged in wattage from 18W to 22W, but all were marketed as suitable for replacing a 1200mm 36W T8 linear fluorescent lamp. The LED tubes were carefully selected so that the characteristics of each lamp were as similar as possible. Two LED lamps were available with frosted and clear tubes, and these were also compared in the tests. Table 1 (overleaf) gives an overview of the products to be tested. The values quoted are those claimed by the manufacturer. The light performance, distribution and electromagnetic strength tests were all carried out using test equipment within a BSI-registered photometric

Lighting Journal February 2013

LED analysis

Table 1: overview of LED retrofit tubes tested Fluorescent luminaire with VDT louvre

laboratory at Thorlux Lighting in Redditch, and testing processes were in compliance with BSEN13032-1. Distribution tests were carried out on three different styles of luminaire – a bare batten luminaire, a batten with prismatic diffuser and a luminaire with visual display terminal (VDT) louvre – chosen to represent three of the most common styles of luminaire used. Conclusions For the majority of experiments within this study the LED tubes produced inferior results when compared to fluorescent lamps. Reduction in lumen output By far the largest pitfall of LED tubes was the significant reduction in lumen output compared to that of the fluorescent lamp. It was evident from the lighting scheme tests that the reduced lumen output resulted in a greatly reduced lighting level. The scale of the reduction in illuminance was so great it was clear that this would not be satisfactory in a real application. The lower lighting level could have major implications for the users of the space, to the point where the scheme would not be suitable for the task being undertaken. This could directly affect safety and/or productivity. Under the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations an employer is required to provide suitable and sufficient lighting allowing people to carry out their tasks. The amount of light produced by one LED tube was down by more than 26 per cent on the manufacturer’s claimed value, a significant reduction. This is on top of the already large decrease in output when compared with the fluorescent lamp. The total light

Lighting Journal February 2013

output reduction therefore was 54 per cent which was confirmed by the results of the lighting scheme tests. The tests also highlighted that different covers affect the amount of light the LED tubes produce. In both cases the frosted

lighting conditions. The lighting scheme tests indicated that uniformity decreased, and light levels on the upper walls and ceiling of the installation also decreased. For an office or factory application, for example, this can make

Table 2: comparative lighting performance of the tested lamps

tubes produced less light than the clear ones. Despite this, neither manufacturer advised of any differences in output. Poor light distribution The other significant difference between a fluorescent lamp and an LED tube is light distribution. The tests clearly indicated that the light distribution from an LED tube is totally different to that of the fluorescent lamp. This had a sizeable effect on the way the luminaire distributed light into a space. Without photometrically testing the LED tube within a particular luminaire, it cannot be established whether the resulting distribution is satisfactory or not. The original light fitting and lighting scheme are designed to meet the specifics of the application. Simply changing the fluorescent lamp to an LED tube, without understanding the possible effect on light distribution, could well have implications for the quality of the lighting scheme. Depending on the application, this could again affect the visual performance of those working under the changed

the installation appear oppressive and ‘cave like’. The wellbeing of workers might therefore be affected, which could also reduce productivity. As highlighted in the distribution tests, in making real-life light level comparisons, measurements must be made at different distances from the light fitting. The high-intensity levels directly beneath the LED tube can be misleading. Light level comparisons Bare batten fluorescent luminaire

LED analysis

Table 3: mean lighting levels on the working plane, walls and ceiling for the various light sources. The wall levels are an average of the four walls in the virtual test room

directly below the light fitting do not provide a reliable way of establishing whether a light fitting with an LED tube will illuminate a space to the same standard as the same luminaire with a fluorescent lamp. The light levels directly beneath the fittings may show little difference, depending on the style of light fitting. However, as measurements are made further away from the fitting, greater differences in light levels are likely to be experienced.

luminaire with more than one lamp way, in order for it to be recertified and gain a CE mark, it must use an LED tube with good power factor correction. Not all LED tubes achieve this â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and poor power factor causes an electrical item to draw more current than needed. If this is ignored then any running-cost savings gained by using LEDs tubes can be lost in additional charges by the electricity supplier, which will increase its tariff or impose extra costs.

Mediocre colour rendering There is also some concern over the colour rendering quality of LED tubes. BSEN12464-1 stipulates that for many applications such as offices, factories and teaching spaces, these types of space must use a light source that has colour rendering properties equal to or greater than Ra80. Apart from one single example, no LED tube achieved this level and in most cases they were well below the required value. A lamp with a low CRI can affect the appearance of colours as well as the perceived health of human skin tones. The end result is environments that may be unpleasant to work in and, in extreme cases, this could affect the health and wellbeing of individuals working under those conditions. It was also evident that some manufacturers considered it acceptable to provide their product with a wide colour temperature tolerance. Our survey identified one manufacturer advertising a product that had a colour temperature range of 1500K, which would be very noticeable to the human eye and very distracting in an application.

EMC variations The results of the EMC tests clearly highlighted the technical variations that can be experienced with different types of LED tube. One tube made by a major lighting company did meet EMC requirements, but two other tubes made by other makers did not.

Low power factor This was another major issue with LED tubes. When using LED tubes in a

Need for recertification This discrepancy pointed to the need for any converted luminaire using these tubes to be fully retested and CE certified. Replacing the fluorescent lamp with an LED tube can completely change the electrical characteristics of the luminaire, and further research and testing is needed to fully understand this process. For example, in hospital applications, where there are a number of very sensitive electrical devices, it is imperative that EMC testing is carried out to ensure that the converted luminaire does not have implications for life-dependency electrical systems.

Non-compliance with regulations Our tests showed that LED tube performance was very variable; and in most cases the performance of the whole light fitting with LED tubes did not meet building regulation requirements. As the light fitting has been converted rather than replaced, within the current regulations there is no requirement for the conversion to comply. However, the performance threshold set in the regulations is largely in line with best available technology (BAT), and of the luminaire styles tested with LED tubes only the batten met the threshold. Therefore, this is a good indicator that conversions with LED tubes are not actually that energy efficient when compared with other available technologies. Whole life costs/lumen maintenance While life-cycle cost calculations indicated that over 10 years there was a substantial energy saving with LED tubes, the same exercise also showed that the high cost of the LED tubes meant that there was virtually no financial gain. These tests also highlighted that the claimed life of LED tubes is based on lumen reduction, which was three times greater than the fluorescent lamps. So with LED

Fluorescent luminaire with prismatic diffuser

Table 4: pass/failures in the radio frequency interference (RFI) test

Lighting Journal February 2013

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

retrofits, not only would initial light levels be lower, through life they would deteriorate more than a fluorescent lamp. If they were replaced more often to avoid this issue, life costs would be up to 125 per cent more than if the fluorescent lamps had remained in place. This test concluded that if the luminaires already had high-frequency control gear then there was no benefit in converting the luminaires to use LED tubes. It also highlighted that greater long-term savings can be made by converting switch-start luminaires to high frequency. Savings of 20 per cent over 10 years can be made, compared with just three per cent for the best LED tube â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and by keeping fluorescent lamp technology, luminaire distribution, light levels and light quality will remain as per the existing installation. No overall benefits From this it can be concluded that LED tubes do not offer a simple and beneficial retrofit solution. In many

Lighting Journal February 2013

cases they would not save the enduser money, and there is also a number of technical issues concerning their inferior performance. In order to guarantee that a satisfactory lighting solution is being achieved, a great deal of effort and time will be required in testing and recertifying the existing luminaire and proposed LED tube. Although LED tubes do indeed consume less energy, the resulting

in lumen output and reduce significantly in cost, there will still be a number of outstanding issues, such as satisfactory light distribution, emergency lighting provision and recertification to ensure compliance with EMC and safety aspects. All in all, LED retrofit tubes to replace fluorescent technology cannot yet be regarded as a good, cost-effective solution for commercial lighting applications. This could change

Table 5: life-cycle cost comparisons for 2000 hours and 8760 hours burning

performance and quality of the lighting installation will be severely affected. Finally, even if LED tubes increase

in future, but it will require substantial price reductions and considerable improvements in the technology.

Did you know, that if you take a place in the Consultants Directory (see page 45) the listing is included on the main ILP website with your company logo call Julie on 01536 527295 email: julie@theilp.org.uk

Lighting Journal February 2013

Houseof therising sun An experimental Japanese home that brings the outside in

Future concept

‘Without relying on any lighting system, you simply get up when it gets light, and sleep after dark,’ says KKA. ‘We expect this membrane house to enable you to lead a life that synchronises with the rhythm of the nature’

he lantern effect is a common lighting technique for larger glazed buildings but Japanese architect Kengo Kuma and Associates has created a translucent house. Perhaps counterintuitively, it is primarily an experiment in heat conservation, but also an attempt at a structure that fully exploits daylight. ‘The other reason we covered the house with membrane material,’ says KKA, ‘was our longing for a life surrounded by natural light, as if you were wrapped in daylight on the grassland.’ Located in Hokkaido, Meme Meadows is inspired by the traditional architecture of the indigenous Ainu,

100

whose Chise-style buildings are clad with sedge or bamboo grass. This holds in the heat of a central fireplace that is never allowed to burn out. The idea is to keep warming up the ground this way and retrieve the radiation heat generated from it. It has apparently been proven that people could spend several days in winter there without using floor heating. The house is built around a coated larch frame and has a thick layer of polyester insulation sandwiched between the polycarbonate cladding outside and the glass-fibre fabric of the interior. The insulation is made of recycled plastic bottles and allows light to pass into the house

through the walls. While it is shown with light sources around the base of the structure, the aim is to rely on natural light. ‘Without relying on any lighting system, you simply get up when it gets light, and sleep after dark,’ says KKA. ‘We expect this membrane house to enable you to lead a life that synchronises with the rhythm of the nature.’ The project was completed with support from the Tomonari Yashiro Laboratory at the University of Tokyo’s Institute of Industrial Science. http://kkaa.co.jp/

wooden glazing bar 30x100

100

glass ﬁber cloth polyester insulation t100 polyethylene sheet t0.2

hole for hot-water pipe

ﬂoor : straw mat t15

reinforced concrete t100 hot-water pipe 15

100

sill 120ｘ120

15 60

CR gum t2 FB-6x40AL M10 bolt SUS

polyurethane foam ﬁlling lighting Skirting board : St t2.0, ready-mixed synthetic resin paint, hook and loop fastener

115

100

Hex lag screw membrane ﬂat rope ＲＢ-16φ(ST) PL-6(ST) ribPL-4.5@303 insect protection net SUS M10 nut weld L-30x30x5ST

detail section 1/10

100 aluminum ﬂame

glass ﬁber cloth

100

membrane RB(ST) FB aluminum ﬂame

Lighting Journal February 2013

To boldly glow Carl Gardner talks to Ernesto Gismondi, founder and CEO of Artemide, Italian trailblazer for design-led lighting

Gismondi: still at the helm after 53 years

first interviewed Ernesto Gismondi about 23 years ago for Interior Design magazine, long before I even thought of making a career in the lighting industry. Yet throughout those years, Gismondi’s company, Artemide, has remained my favourite lighting manufacturer, for the quality and stylishness of its products – and the risks it sometimes takes in putting quirky (some would say wildly eccentric) luminaires on to the market. Gismondi, who turned 81 on Christmas Day, is still at the helm of the company he founded back in 1960 – having switched from missile engineering to lighting – and he still skis and sails in his increasingly precious leisure time. ‘These days I groan when someone suggests a Saturday morning meeting,’ he admits. Back in 1960 Gismondi had astutely realised that after 15 years of the Italian post-war industrial miracle, when furniture (and light fittings) were mainly made from wood in the ‘neo-Liberty’ style of the early 1900s, younger Italian consumers were craving something more contemporary The floorstanding version of Lovegrove’s Cosmic Leaf

Profile 37

in terms of style, technology and materials. ‘In 1960 architect Gio Ponti was designing the Pirelli Building in Milan and I asked him if he had found any suitable lights,’ Gismondi explains. ‘He said, “there are no good products around – everything dates back to the 1930s”.’ Gismondi got the message. Artemide, named after the Greek goddess of the moon, wasn’t the first Italian company to exploit this gap in the market – Flos and Arteluce had been formed in the 1950s – but it was soon one of the most successful. Right from the beginning, Gismondi turned to the leading designers of the day for his luminaire concepts – in fact, many young, modernist post-war architects were underemployed and desperate for design work. The first fruit of this policy was Vico Magistretti’s Omega lamp in 1961, followed in 1967 by the same designer’s witty bedside lamp, Eclisse, which won the Compasso d’Oro design prize – and is still in production. Throughout the 1960s, the roster of designers working for Artemide represented a Who’s Who of Italian design – Mario Bellini, Ettore Sottsass, Mario Botta, Gae Aulenti, Michele de Lucchi and Carlo Forcolini, for example. However, it was a German designer, Richard Sapper, who created Artemide’s all-time classic, the Tizio table lamp in 1972, which put the company on the global map. This designer icon, now available in a number of variants, is still in largescale production after more than 40 years and features in almost every museum design collection in the world. ‘Sapper had just left Marco Zanuso’s studio at the time and was free to work for us. He brought us the idea and we did the development work,’ says Gismondi. This method of working with designers is particularly important in the age of the LED. ‘We understand the optical and technical problems to do with LEDs,’ Gismondi adds. Almost as successful was another iconic table lamp, Tolomeo, designed

by Michele de Lucchi and Giancarlo Fassina, which appeared some 15 years later, and is now available in a staggering number of sizes and variants, from pendants to wall lights to standard lamps. Even before the Tizio breakthrough, in 1968 Gismondi himself had moved from commissioning to actually designing new luminaires himself. ‘I wanted to see things from the other side of the table and understand more about the design process. Initially I didn’t use my own name, I used the name Ernie Urwin on my designs, because I didn’t want to be seen to compete with other designers,’ he admits. His first product was the simple Sintesi uplighter, followed by Aton Terra. Perhaps not surprisingly

‘Even 23 years ago Artemide had a machine that simulated 5000km of bad road, to see how well fittings stood up to transit conditions’ these early products had a strongly engineered look, but later products, such as Tebe, Zen and Utopia (still in production) were much more lyrical in form. Today Gismondi’s designs constitute a substantial part of the Artemide portfolio, particularly in the company’s Architectural collection, for which he created products such as the substantial Nothing family of linear fixtures for the office and commercial sector. Amazingly, even with all this design and business effort, it wasn’t until 1984 that Gismondi finally gave up any

connection with missile engineering, having served as associate professor in the subject at Milan Polytechnic for 20 years. Perhaps by 1984 he realised that he didn’t need to hedge his bets – Artemide was well and truly on the map as a lighting giant. One of the systems that Gismondi pioneered in 2000 was the Metamorfosi polychromatic lighting unit, initially using dichroic filters, offering colour-change capability across a number of products within the Artemide range. ‘We were the first company to do colour-changing,’ Gismondi claims, ‘and the first to recognise that the human being is at the centre of lighting, not the product’. This insight developed into the company’s Human Light philosophy, which as well as recognising and working with the emotional impact of light, also encompasses sustainability and energy efficiency in production. Interestingly, unlike many other prominent lighting figures, Gismondi does not oppose the ongoing European ban on tungsten lamps, despite the crucial part that tungsten sources have played in many of Artemide’s classic products. ‘We must save energy,’ he says. Artemide had a global turnover of around €140 million (£114m) in 2012, with more than 60 per cent of that coming from abroad. Gismondi realised early on that ‘we were kings in one village and had to export to survive’. As early as 1963 he was making trips to New York to establish connections with potential distributors. Today Artemide has partners in more than 30 countries and has diversified production out of Italy, with additional manufacturing plants in Hungary, France and the USA, and glass factories in the Czech Republic. In late 2012, the company established a production plant in Sao Paulo, Brazil, to service the South American market – and to circumvent the 100 per cent tariff on imports from Europe. Gismondi stresses that this investment in new factories does need a constant stream of products that

Lighting Journal February 2013

Profile

can translate into the mass market. ‘It is easy to design and develop prototypes, and designs always start on an artisanal basis, but to be a success, we need engineers to put them into mass production… at the right price. ‘Internationally, we see a very good future in English-speaking India, where we have set up a new outlet,’ Gismondi continues. However, he is less impressed with the prospects in China, despite having offices in Hong Kong and Shanghai. ‘There is no design culture there and they don’t respect design – they buy one piece and then they copy it.’ He also recently served as a judge for a design competition in Beijing, ‘but the results were not very good, they were very derivative’. Gismondi still has a majority shareholding with only 35 per cent of the company in the hands of outside investors. When he retires

or can no longer run the company, he has substantial family back-up. One son already runs Nordlight, the company Artemide bought in 2008 to give themselves more LED expertise, and another son is a lawyer with the company. To complete the family picture Gismondi’s wife works for the company as a designer. So as well as the ability of Gismondi to spot great designs and designers (although he admits he has rejected concepts that turned out to be great successes with other companies), what are the other keys to Artemide’s success? One is the major investment the company puts into R&D, into which it ploughs five per cent of its overall profits – even 23 years ago it had a machine that simulated 5000km of bad road, to see how well fittings stood up to transit conditions. The company is currently in the process of building

a new R&D centre on the HQ site at Pregnana, north of Milan, created by architect and product designer Carlotta de Bevilacqua. Even fittings designed by Gismondi himself get the chop. If you look through the latest catalogues, it is noticeable that perhaps only half a dozen products date back to the 1960s and 1970s and most products were designed within the last 12 years. This is both a stylistic issue and a result of rapidly changing technologies. On the design side, Artemide’s range of designers has expanded enormously in the last two decades. As long ago as the ‘70s, ‘we understood that it not a good idea to go the USA just to sell our existing products,’ Gismondi explains. ‘We had to find good designers from other countries.’ Artemide still works with the latest generation of top Italian designers,

Cosmic Landscape

Magistretti’s E

Lighting Journal February 2013

such as the prolific Carlotta de Bivalacqua and ageing giants like Michele di Lucchi, Matteo Thun and Alberto Meda. However, reflecting the need to create more broadly based designs for international markets, many of its current collaborators are from Europe and further afield -- Karim Rashid (Canada), Herzog and Meuron (Switzerland), Zaha Hadid (Iraqui-born UK citizen), Jean Wilmotte (France) and Neil Poulton from Scotland. Gismondi also mentions that he has his sights set on France’s architectural star, Jean Nouvel, and Spain’s Javier The iconic Tizio that put the company on the global map Mariscal, joining his growing stable. The other UK figure who has made a massive contribution to Artemide’s portfolio in the past The most recent design six years is Ross Lovegrove, with a collaboration, of which Gismondi is procession of seductive, organically very proud, is with Japanese fashion themed luminaires, often using the designer Issey Miyake. The In-Ei most innovative new materials – the (Japanese for shadow, shadiness, Aqua Cil series (starting in 2007), the nuance) series of luminaires is Cosmic range (starting 2009), the something of a change of direction Mercury series, again starting in 2007, for Artemide, with its affinity Skydro (2008), and the traffic-stopping (at first sight) to Japanese Solar Tree for urban spaces (2007). For paper lanterns of the 1960s. me Lovegrove’s interior luminaires are Based on Miyake’s folded, some of the company’s most exciting 3D technology for making creations of the last decade or more – clothing, In-Ei is a collection of designs which stand out as uniquely freestanding table and hanging of the Artemide ethos. lights, using basic compact

Eclisse, designed in 1967 and still in production

fluorescent lamps. The structures, made from recycled material given an additional surface treatment, perfectly keep their shape without the need for an internal frame, and can be reshaped when needed or stored flat when not in use. So considerable is Gismondi’s achievement and continued enthusiasm for design, even at 81 it would seem almost churlish or disrespectful to mention the word ‘retirement’ in his presence. As his parting shot, he underlines his continued ambition for the company in economically parlous times: ‘I am still interested in making sure that Artemide is around in 100 years… in the current climate only four or five lighting companies will still be making profits. The rest will go under or be bought out.’

The traffic-stopping Solar Tree

Fundamental Lighting Course Everything you need to know about lighting but have been too afraid to ask... The ILP Fundamental Lighting Course covers the foundations of light, lighting design and maintenance. An essential course for: • Senior management from a non-lighting background • Sales professionals in the exterior lighting industry • New entrants to the profession. Whether you are brand new to the industry or just in need of an informative refresher, this course will bring your knowledge bang up to date enabling you to make informed decisions and represent your organisation effectively. You will take away an understanding of: • • • • • •

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Products

What’s new AriaLED OrangeTek

Aria street lanterns have a modular design (20 LEDs per module) with options currently ranging from 10-120 LEDs, with up to 180 available later in the year. There is a choice of three optics – narrow, medium and wide – and two colour temperatures, 5000K and 3500K. Made of diecast LM6 aluminium and extruded aluminium, the luminaire is also lightweight (smaller models are 7kg) and has an integrated spigot (76mm-34mm). It operates on a low running current and therefore low wattage (30 LEDs equals 30 circuit). It is also dimmable, with preset times and levels, and compatible with all leading CMS systems. Fully tested, with UMSUG codes and LM79 reports for each version, Aria has a 20-year warranty. www.orangetekint.com

ETAP K9 emergency lighting

Sharp

Mini Zenigata

With a round light-emitting surface (LES) that simplifies the optical design of luminaires, the new generation of the Mini Zenigata LED module range produces 100lm/W and a typical output of 1370lm. The tight dimensions (15mm x 12mm x 1.6mm) combined with the small, round LES allow a very narrow dispersion angle, ideal for downlights and spotlights. The range includes five different wattages – 6W, 7W, 9W, 12W and 15W – with variations in forward voltage and current. Colour temperatures range from 2700K to 5000K with R9 values of 85plus and CRI values 90plus (binning within MacAdam3). Mechanically, the new modules are fully compatible with earlier models and also within the different performance classes so that they can all be easily integrated into existing designs. www.sharpleds.eu

The K9 range of LED emergency luminaires has been revamped, improving light distribution. Fittings now feature a new lens that produces a nearly square light beam, allowing for spaces to be lit without blind spots. The lenses also increase efficiency so that escape route, anti-panic and stairwell versions can now be installed up to 5m high, as opposed to 3.5m for the previous version. Intermediate distances for escape route lighting have increased up to 19m for a mounting height of 2.8m. The design has also been pared down, with visible screws removed from the housing and a fully countersunk lens. The housing itself is more compact, 2mm lower than the previous model, and the self-test indicator LED is smaller and less obtrusive. www.etaplighting.com

Lighting Journal February 2013

Products

Castaldi Lighting Norlight SL.EVO The SL.EVO LED system has five installation options: suspension with sliding cables; ceiling fitting; semi-recessed fitting with the upper end concealed in the plasterboard and with square exposed cross-section; frame-recessed fitting, and trimless recessed fitting without a frame. The optics, comprising a parabolic reflector and PMMA diffuser, produce a light output of more than 73 per cent. Colour temperatures are 4000K or 3000K. The continuous version comes in a series of modules ranging from 574mm (10W 2-LED engine) to 3982mm (69W 14-LED engine). www.castaldilighting.it

Precision Lighting Discus

iGuzzini Glim Cube Created by veteran designer Piero Castiglioni, Glim Cube is a system of LED pathway luminaires. The single wall-mounted version complements the existing bollard versions (either a floor base or buried spike). The luminaires can be installed either individually or, more effectively, in a series where the choice of horizontal or vertical light beams can create different lighting effects or meet different applications. Made from aluminium and stainless steel with PMMA diffuser, the fitting is IP66. www.iguzzini.co.uk

Discus 11 and Discus 16 are the first in a new range of LED spotlights from Precision Lighting. With outputs of 280lm and 470lm respectively, they have a colour temperature of 3000K (CRI 80) but other options are available. Both are lockable in pan and tilt, and have interchangeable snoots that click into place with a bayonet mechanism for easy installation. The snoots are compatible with a wide range of lenses and louvres, using an optional snap-in accessory holder, and optics are available for beam angles from 14 to 30 degrees. While many products are cast, Precision fittings have a casing machined from solid aerospacegrade AL6063-T6 aluminium. This incorporates an external heat sink to optimise cooling for extended lifespan and improved output. A solderless plug connection also allows LED boards to be replaced easily. Black, white and brushed aluminium finishes are available as standard, with custom finishes on request. The companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s website has been revamped recently to make it easier for users to specify fittings precisely and to download resource packs with photographs, technical drawings and luminaire specifications. www.precisionlighting.co.uk

Lighting Journal February 2013

PLDA column

n the last column Brendan Keely wrote about the PLDA workshops in Alingsas, Sweden, last October. As a workshop head myself, I thought I would add a little more about the format of these workshops, how they work, the intended outcomes, and why they are so popular among both participants and the professionals leading the teams. The workshops have been running for well over a decade and in that time many hundreds of participants and professionals have taken part, not just in

site so that they are familiar with local circumstances, history, or any other information that may form the basis or starting point of a concept. The skill is to guide the participants through the process so that they can discover these things for themselves, and integrate them into a working project. To do this we are aided by a support team of local electricians, electrical students, technicians from sponsoring manufacturers, workshop staff and local people. However, the majority of the

the experience varied and exciting for all involved, including the many visitors and tourists, both visually and intellectually. Participants have a wide range of backgrounds, ages, nationalities and experience. Some are young lighting designers, others design professionals from other disciplines; some are students, of lighting design, architecture and theatre lighting. This diversity of experiences, cultural differences and expectations adds an interesting dimension, not only for participants, but also for workshop

Swedeness and light Graham Festenstein on the unique educational value of PLDA workshops

Sweden but all over the world.They have developed into a tried and tested format which has been informed and evolved by the workshop heads, including some of the most experienced and accomplished designers – such as Jonathan Speirs and Roger Narboni – and feedback from the many participants. Many PLDA members view them as the bedrock of the association’s educational activities. In essence, they are about the design process and allowing the participants to develop their scheme, working as a team, from initial ideas through to an installed working project – all in four days. The workshop head’s job is first to identify a site and explore the practical options available to deliver a scheme within this tight time frame. They need to identify a range of luminaires, equipment and installation materials, and research the

Lighting Journal February 2013

preparation of equipment, installation, focusing and programming is carried out by the participants, giving them valuable practical experience and completing the full cycle from idea to switch on. For example, my team developed an idea based on the local history of the city, built up around a fabric and dyeing industry, which sometimes turned the river a range of colours from waste water escaping from the factories. Using the idea of dyed fabric drying over the river, they explored colour and reflection from water, and also investigated the ideas of connectivity, orientation and civic space to create a practical scheme with an exciting and dramatic centrepiece (see picture). The project was popular with the locals because of its strong connection with the local community. The diverse concepts explored by all the teams made

heads, as we are exposed to fresh and enthusiastic people, who can challenge our own ways and methods. I for one recommend any young professionals or students with a passion for lighting, no matter the background, to take part if the opportunity arises. That said, this year’s workshops are to be relaunched and the format is to be reviewed and ‘brought up to date’. I do hope that any changes made will retain the essence of these unique educational experiences, and in particular continue to focus on the participation throughout the whole design process that has proved so successful in the past. www.lightsinalingsas.se

Consultants Carl Ackers

MSc CEng MCIBSE MILP MSLL CIBSE Diploma in Lighting Pick Everard Mechanical and Electrical Engineers, Halford House, Charles Street Leicester LE1 1HA

T: 01162 234400, F: 01162 234433 E: carlackers@pickeverard.co.uk

These pages give details of suitably qualified, individual members of the Institution of Lighting Professionals (ILP) who offer consultancy services. Listing is included on main ILP website with logo (www.theilp.org.uk)

Colin Fish IEng MILP Associate

WSP Unit 9, The Chase, John Tate Road, Foxholes Business Park, Hertford SG13 7NN

T: 07825 843524 E: colin.fish@wspgroup.com W: www.wspgroup.com

Allan Howard

Alistair Scott

Technical Director (Lighting)

Designs for Lighting Ltd

BEng(Hons) CEng FILP WSP

WSP House, 70 Chancery Lane, London WC2A 1AF

T: 07827 306483 E: allan.howard@wspgroup.com W: www.wspgroup.com

BSc (Hons) CEng FILP MIMechE 17 City Business Centre, Hyde Street, Winchester SO23 7TA

T: 01962 855080 M: 07790 022414 E: alistair@designsforlighting.co.uk W: designsforlighting.co.uk Professional lighting design consultancy providing technical advice, design and management services for exterior and interior applications including highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting. Advisors on lighting and energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

Professional services providing design and technical support for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways and associated infrastructure. Expert surveys and environmental impact assessments regarding the effect of lighting installations and their effect on the community.

Professional exterior lighting and electrical services covering design, technical support, contract and policy development including expert advice regarding energy and carbon reduction strategies, lighting efficiency legislation, light nuisance and environmental impact investigations. Registered competent designers and HERS registered site personnel.

Lorraine Calcott

Carl Gardner

Alan Jaques

Anthony Smith

It Does Lighting and Energy Ltd

CSG Lighting Consultancy Ltd

Sector Leader – Exterior Lighting

Director

12, Banner Buildings, 74-84 Banner Street, London EC1Y 8JU

Broadgate House, Broadgate,Beeston, Nottingham, NG9 2HF

Professional multi-disciplinary consulting engineers providing extensive experience in the design, specification and project management of sustainable building services engineering including specialist skills in internal and external lighting design within the architectural, commercial, industrial and residential sectors.

IEng MILP MSLL

31 Jenkins Close, Shenley Church End, Milton Keynes, MK5 6HX

T: 01908 867077 M: 07990 962692 E: Information@itdoes.co.uk W: www.itdoes.co.uk Professional award winning international lighting designer Lorraine Calcott creates dynamic original lighting schemes from a sustainable and energy management perspective. Helping you meet your energy targets, reduce bottom line cost and increase your ‘Green’ corporate image whilst still providing the wow factor with your interior, exterior or street lighting project.

BA (Hons) MSc (Arch) FILP

T: 02077 248543 E: carl@csglightingdesign.com W: www.csglightingdesign.com Architectural and urban lighting design; specialist in urban lighting plans; expert witness in planning and light nuisance cases; training courses for local authorities on the prevention of light nuisance; marketing and product development consultancy for lighting manufacturers.

IEng MILP Atkins

T: +44 (0)115 9574900 M: 07834 507070 F: +44 (0)115 9574901 E: alan.jaques@atkinsglobal.com The consultancy offers a professional exterior lighting service covering all aspects of the sector, including design, energy management, environmental impact assessments and the development of lighting strategies and policies. It also has an extensive track record for PFI projects and their indepedent certification.

IEng MILP

Stainton Lighting Design Services Ltd Lighting & Electrical Consultants, Dukes Way, Teesside Industrial Estate, Thornaby Cleveland TS17 9LT

T: 01642 766114 F: 01642 765509 E: enquiries@staintonlds.co.uk Specialist in all forms of exterior lighting including; Motorway, Major & Minor Highway Schemes, Architectural Illumination of Buildings, Major Structures, Public Artworks, Amenity Area Lighting, Public Open Spaces, Car Parks, Sports Lighting, Asset Management, Reports, Plans, Strategies, EIA’s, Planning Assistance, Maintenance Management, Electrical Design and Communication Network Design.

Mark Chandler

Stephen Halliday

Malcolm Mackness

Nick Smith

MMA Lighting Consultancy Ltd

Principal Engineer WSP

43 Vine Crescent, Reading Berkshire, RG30 3LT

WSP

Lighting Consultancy and Design Services Ltd

Nick Smith Associates Limited

EngTech AMILP

T: 0118 3215636, M: 07838 879 604, F: 0118 3215636 E: mark@mma-consultancy.co.uk W: www.mma-consultancy.co.uk

AMILP

The Victoria,150-182 The Quays, Salford, Manchester M50 3SP

T: 0161 886 2532 E: stephen.halliday@wspgroup.com W: www.wspgroup.com

T: 01625 348349 F: 01625 610923 M: 07526 419248 E: john.conquest@4wayconsulting.com W: www.4wayconsulting.com 4way Consulting provides exterior lighting and ITS consultancy and design services and specialises in the urban and inter-urban environment. Our services span the complete Project Life Cycle for both the Public and Private Sector (including PFI/DBFO).

T: 01246 229444 F: 01246 270465 E: nws@nicksmithassociates.com W: www.nicksmithassociates.com

Philip Hawtrey

Tony Price

Alan Tulla

Technical Director

Capita Symonds

Alan Tulla Lighting

John Conquest

Waters Green House, Sunderland Street, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 6LF

T/F: 01452 417392 E: lcads.glos@virginmedia.com W: www.lcads.com

36 Foxbrook Drive, Chesterfield, S40 3JR

Road, amenity, floodlighting and cable design. Tunnel and mast lighting. Policy and environmental impact investigations.

MMA Lighting Consultancy is an independent company specialising in Exterior Lighting and Electrical Design work. We are based in the South of England and operate on a national scale delivering street lighting and lighting design solutions.

4way Consulting Ltd

43 Old Cheltenham Road, Longlevens, Gloucester GL2 0AN

IEng MILP

Specialist exterior lighting design Consultant. Private or adoptable lighting and cable network design for highways, car parks, area lighting, lighting impact assessments, expert witness. CPD accredited training in lighting design, Lighting Reality, AutoCAD and other bespoke lighting courses arranged on request.

Public and private sector professional services providing design, technical support, contract and policy development for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways. PFI technical advisor and certifier support. HERS registered site personnel.

MA BEng(Hons) CEng MIET MILP

BA (Hons) IEng FILP

BTech, IEng, MILP, MIET Mouchel

Severn House, Lime Kiln Close, Stoke Gifford, Bristol, BS34 8SQ

T: 0117 9062300, F: 0117 9062301 M: 07789 501091 E: philip.hawtrey@mouchel.com W: www.mouchel.com Widely experienced professional technical consultancy services in exterior lighting and electrical installations, providing sustainable and innovative solutions, environmental assessments, ‘Invest to Save’ strategies, lighting policies, energy procurement, inventory management and technical support. PFI Technical Advisor, Designer and Independent Certifier.

BSc (Hons) CEng MILP MSLL Capita Symonds House, Wood Street, East Grinstead, West Sussex RH19 1UU

T: 01342 327161 F: 01342 315927 E: tony.price@capita.co.uk W: www.capitasymonds.co.uk Chartered engineer leading a specialist lighting team within a multi-disciplinary environment. All aspects of exterior and public realm lighting, especially roads, tunnels, amenity and sports. Planning advice, environmental assessment, expert witness, design, technical advice, PFIs, independent certification.

IEng FILP FSLL

12 Minden Way, Winchester, Hampshire SO22 4DS

T: 01962 855720 M:0771 364 8786 E: alan@alantullalighting.com W: www.alantullalighting.com Architectural lighting for both interior and exterior. Specialising in public realm, landscaping and building facades. Site surveys and design verification of sports pitches, road lighting and offices. Visual impact assessments and reports for planning applications. Preparation of nightscape strategies for urban and rural environments. CPDs and lighting training.

Neither Lighting Journal nor the ILP is responsible for any services supplied or agreements entered into as a result of this listing.

LIGHTING DIRECTORY Contact Julie Bland 01536 527295 to advertise

CUT OUTS AND ISOLATORS

LUCY LIGHTING Lucy Zodion manufactures and supplies a complete range of Electrical/ Electronic products for Streetlighting:

DECORATIVE & FESTIVE LIGHTING

Contact Julie Bland 01536 527295 julie@theilp.org.uk

• Vizion CMS

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• Feeder Pillars • Pre-Wired Pillars • Photocells • Cutouts/Isolators • Electronic Ballasts • Cutouts/isolators • Lighting Controls Lucy Zodion Ltd, Station Road, Sowerby Bridge, HX6 3AF tel: 01422 317337 Email: sales@lucyzodion.co.uk

www.lucyzodion.com

BANNERS WIND RELEASING

Meadowfield, Ponteland, Northumberland, NE20 9SD, England Tel: +44 (0)1661 860001 Fax: +44 (0)1661 860002 Email: info@tofco.co.uk www.tofco.co.uk Manufacturers and Suppliers of Street lighting and Traffic Equipment • Fuse Units • Switch Fuse Units • Feeder Pillars and Distribution Panels • The Load Conditioner Unit (Patent Pending) • Accessories Contact: Kevin Doherty Commercial Director kevindoherty@tofco.co.uk If you would like to switch to Tofco Technology contact us NOW!

Contact Julie Bland 01536 527295 julie@theilp.org.uk

COLUMN INSPECTION & TESTING CMT (Testing) LIMITED Non-destructive testing at the root, base, swaged joint and full visual inspection of steel lighting columns. Techniques employed include the unique Relative Loss of Section meter and Swaged Joint Analyser in addition to the traditional Magnetic Particle Inspection and Ultra Sonics where appropriate. Prime Parkway, Prime Enterprise Park, Derby DE13QB Tel: 01332 383333 Fax: 01332 602607 Email: testing@cmt-ltd.co.uk Website: http://www.cmt-ltd. co.uk

Specialist in high quality decorative and festive lighting. A full range of equipment is available for direct purchase or hire including unique firework lights, column motifs, cross road displays, festoon lighting and various tree lighting systems. Our services range from supply only of materials, hire, design and or total management of schemes. More information is available from: Head Office City Illuminations Ltd 15 Whitehall Road Sale, Cheshire M33 3WJ Tel: 0161 969 5767 Fax: 0161 973 9283 Email: david@cityilluminations.co.uk

ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

MACLEAN ELECTRICAL LIGHTING DIVISION Business info: Specialist Stockist and Distributors of Road Lighting, Hazardous Area, Industrial/ Commercial/ Decorative lighting. We also provide custom-built distribution panels, interior and exterior lighting design using CAD. 7 Drum Mains Park, Orchardton, Cumbernauld, G68 9LD Tel: 01236 458000 Fax: 01236 860555 E-mail: steve.odonnell@maclean.co.uk Web site: http://www.maclean.co.uk/

EXTERIOR LIGHTING

ABACUS LIGHTING LIMITED From the initial design through to installation and final commissioning, choose Abacus and specify with confidence-the number one for amenity, road and floodlighting systems. Tel: +44(0)1623 511 111 Fax: +44(0)1623 552 133 E-mail: sales@abacuslighting.com Website: www.abacuslighting.com

EXTERIOR LIGHTING

LIGHTING

LIGHT MEASURING EQUIPMENT HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS LTD Suppliers of a wide range of quality light measuring and photometric equipment. HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS LTD PO Box 210 Havant, PO9 9BT Tel: 07900 571022 E-mail: enquiries@ hagnerlightmeters.com www.hagnerlightmeters.com

Designers and manufacturers of street and amenity lighting.

LIGHTING MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE

319 Long Acre Nechells Birmingham UK B7 5JT t: +44(0)121 678 6700 f: +44(0)121 678 6701 e: sales@candela.co.uk

candela L I G H T

CU PHOSCO LIMITED Manufacturers of Lighting Columns, Floodlighting & Luminaires. Specialists in the design of Lighting Schemes for sports, car parks, docks & airports. Standard Lighting Columns and Lanterns available from stock at competitive prices. Charles House, Great Amwell, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 9TA Tel: 01920 860600 Fax: 01920 485915 E-mail: sales@cuphosco.co.uk Website: www.cuphosco.co.uk

Contact Julie Bland 01536 527295 julie@theilp.org.uk

LIGHTING CONTROLS

Forward-looking Street Lighting Engineers use HiLight Horizon to record all their inventory details. Job management, including planned maintenance, is easily accomplished while electrical testing, cost management and customer care links are all available. Horizon works with all major mapping systems also hand held devices for night scouting, inventory and job management. A flexible report writer enables users to create any report they need. HiLight is unique in being owned and developed by its users. Contact the HiLight User Group’s Administrator, Lance Stephens, at: Sunningdale House, 12 Wychwood Park, Weston, Crewe, Cheshire, C0W2 5GP. Tel: 01270 820994. Email: lance.stephens@hilight.org.uk www.hilight.org.uk

Contact Julie Bland 01536 527295 julie@theilp.org.uk

SHATTER RESISTANT LAMP COVERS

Holscot Fluoroplastics Ltd Fluorosafe shatter resistant covers – Manufactured from high molecular weight Fluoroplastic material whose lifespan exceeds all maximum quoted lifespans for any fluorescent Lamps. Holscot supply complete covered lamps or sleeves only for self fitting. Alma Park Road, Alma Park Industrial Estate, Grantham, Lincs, NG31 9SE Contact: Martin Daff, Sales Director Tel: 01476 574771 Fax: 01476 563542 Email: martin@holscot.com www.holscot.com

TRAINING SERVICES

CPD Accredited Training LUCY LIGHTING Lucy Zodion manufactures and supplies a complete range of Electrical/Electronic products for Streetlighting: • Vizion CMS • Feeder Pillars • Pre-Wired Pillars • Photocells • Cutouts/Isolators • Electronic Ballasts • Cutouts/isolators • Lighting Controls Lucy Zodion Ltd, Station Road, Sowerby Bridge, HX6 3AF tel: 01422 317337 Email: sales@lucyzodion.co.uk www.lucyzodion.com

METER ADMINISTRATION

Meter Administrator Power Data Associates Ltd are the leading meter administrator in Great Britain. We achieve accurate energy calculations assuring you of a cost effective quality service. Offering independent consultancy advice to ensure correct inventory coding, unmetered energy forecasting and impact of market developments.

01525 862690 info@PowerDataAssociates.com www.PowerDataAssociates.com Wrest Park, Silsoe, Beds MK45 4HR

• AutoCAD (basic or advanced) • Lighting Reality • AutoluxLighting Standards • Lighting Design Techniques • Light Pollution • Tailored Courses please ring Venues by arrangement Contact Nick Smith

Nick Smith Associates Ltd 36 Foxbrook Drive, Chesterfield, S40 3JR t: 01246 229 444 f: 01246 270 465 e : mail@nicksmithassociates.com w: www.nicksmithassociates.com

Diary 2013 30 January-28 April Light Show (Light art works) Venue: Hayward Gallery, Southbank, London http://ticketing.southbankcentre.co.uk 15 February Scottish region Dinner dance Venue: Airth Castle, Fairkirk Contact: Alistair Maltman E: alistairmaltman@tofco.co.uk 27 February New British Standard for Lighting BS5489 (CPD seminar) Venue: ILP, Regent House, Rugby Contact: jess@theilp.org.uk 28 February Lighting Masterclass Beyond the Code Location: Royal Liver Building Liverpool L3 1HU www.sll.org.uk 5-7 March Ecobuild (With ILP Lightscene section) Venue: ExCel, London E16 www.ecobuild.co.uk 6 March Joint Midland/Western region Technical meeting Venue: Gala Club, Gloucester GL2 9EB Contact: Roger Joy E: western@theilp.org.uk 14 March North Eastern region Technical meeting Venue: Valmont factory, Teesside Contact: Jim Millington E: northeast@theilp.org.uk 21 March Lighting Masterclass Beyond the Code Location: Dynamic Earth, Edinburgh EH8 8AS www.sll.org.uk

Until 28 April, Light Show, Hayward Gallery, Southbank, London

26 March New British Standard for Lighting BS5489 (See27 February for details) 27 March Lighting Design Awards Venue: London Hilton, Park Lane www.lightingawards.com 27 March Fundamental Lighting Course Venue: ILP, Regent House, Rugby E jess@theilp.org.uk 2 April London and South East Region Technical seminar Venue: Institution of Structural Engineers, London SW1 E dfranks@westminster.gov.uk 9-14 April Euroluce Venue: Milan Fairgrounds www.cosmit.it/en/euroluce 12 April Focus on Lighting Energy SLL/CIBSE Ireland International Lighting Conference Venue: Croke Park, Dublin www.cibseireland.org/cibseannual-conference/ 16-18 April Traffex (with ILP-supported Lighting the Way) Venue: NEC Birmingham www.traffex.com 23-25 April Lightfair exhibition and conference Venue: Pennsylvania Convention Center, Philadelphia, US www.lightfair.com 25 April Lighting Masterclass Beyond the Code Location: Cutlers Hall, Sheffield S1 1HG www.sll.org.uk

17 May North Eastern region 12th annual dinner dance Venue: Ramside Hall Hotel, Durham Contact: Jim Millington E: northeast@theilp.org.uk 19-21 May The Arc Show Venue: ExCel, London E16 www.thearcshow.com 23 May LIA Annual Lunch and AGM Venue: Draperâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Hall, London EC2 www.thelia.org.uk 4 June Lightscene (Exhibition plus CPD seminars) Venue: Uttoxeter Racecourse, Staffs E: jess@theilp.org.uk Full details of all regional events can be found at: www.theilp.org.uk/events/

P850 LED Road Lantern Next Generation LED Luminaire with AeroFlow™ Cooling System

AeroFlow™ Cooling System

Scalable Reflector Technology

Unique aerodynamic vents created by the vertical fins and the outer rim are designed to accelerate natural convection through the heatsink. Each airway is heated and the rising hot air draws cold air in from the bottom, immediately cooling the LEDs. On leaving the vents, the hot air converges smoothly into a laminar flow, quickly removing heat from the luminaire.

Each luminaire incorporates up to three reflectors manufactured from high-specularity 95% total reflectance aluminium. Reflectors can be individually selected from a range of distributions to build a combined photometric output to suit the most challenging scheme.

Exceptional Performance

Benefits

• • • • • • • • • •

Next generation high flux density and efficacy LED Standard Neutral White LEDs (CCT = 4000k) Colour Rendering > 70 Improved facial recognition and enhanced safety Improved uniformity and driver comfort Dark sky-friendly (zero upward light) Minimal glare (G6 Glare Rating) Luxeon® M LED’s up to 111 lm / W Xitanium® Programmable LED Driver Up to M1 lighting class application

CU Phosco Lighting Charles House Great Amwell, Ware Herts, SG12 9TA

Maximised savings on energy and maintenance costs Zhaga compliant module option Lightweight and low windage allows retrofit Minimal total cost of ownership IP66 ingress protection with self cleaning design 100% recyclable, low carbon footprint Flexible and intelligent lighting control options Flexible mounting options Ø34-42mm & Ø60-76mm L90 lifetime > 100,000 hrs (350mA, Ta = 15°C) Produced in line with the HEA-HEMSA LED Guide

Tel: + 44 (0) 1920 860600 Fax: + 44 (0) 1920 485915 Web: www.cuphosco.com Email: lj@cuphosco.co.uk