LIGHTING
JOURNAL The publication for all lighting professionals
LEDs: retrofit for purpose? The enlightened path: the new ILP guide to landscape lighting
February 2014
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Contents
1
Lighting Journal February 2014 03 EDITORIAL 04 NEWS 08 LIGHT MINDED/
LIGHT HEARTED
10
10
early concerns over LED retrofits are now misplaced
LIGHTING: NOT DEAD YET
Philip Avery’s ILP award-winning paper from the 2013 Young Lighter of the Year competition
22 THE ENLIGHTENED PATH
An extract from the ILP’s new publication on landscape lighting by Carl Gardner
26 GREEN LIGHT FOR
RED ROUTES
TfL’s biggest ever investment in a lighting upgrade. Jill Entwistle reports
28 OBTRUSIVE LIGHT:
FUTURE MEASURES
Peter Raynham looks at the changes that need to be made to current guidance
ON THE WALL
Sydney’s first heliostat reflects the city’s artistic side
34 GLOWING WITH
RETROFIT FOR PURPOSE Lawrence Baynham argues that
16 ARCHITECTURAL
16
32 MIRROR, MIRROR
THE FLOW
Future concept: tyre pressure and power generation
36 GRASS ROOTS
Richard Frost focuses on the regions in his latest guide to the workings of the ILP
40 STEPPING UP
Vice presidents’ column: Upgrading has never been easier, says Guy Harding, VP membership
42 PRODUCTS 44 THE GOLDEN AGE
Light on the past: Simon Cornwell on the dawn of the sodium lamp
45 CONSULTANTS’ DIRECTORY
46 LIGHTING DIRECTORY 48 DIARY
30 SOLID STATE WASTE
34
LEDs are now officially part of the WEEE mix. Alex Hawkins outlines what that means
COVER PICTURE Memorial to the Victims of Violence, Mexico City by Lighteam/Gustavo Avilés, shortlisted for next month’s Lighting Design Awards. Landscape lighting is explored in the ILP’s latest publication (see p22) Lighting Journal February 2014
style with performance
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Editorial Volume 79 No 2 February 2014 President Mark Johnson EngTech AMILP Chief Executive Richard G Frost BA (Cantab) DPA FIAM Editor Jill Entwistle Email: jill@theilp.org.uk Editorial Board Tom Baynham Emma Cogswell IALD Mark Cooper IEng MILP Graham Festenstein CEng MILP MSLL IALD John Gorse BA (Hons) MSLL Eddie Henry MILP MCMI MBA Alan Jaques IEng MILP Keith Lewis Nigel Parry IEng FILP Advertising Manager Julie Bland Tel: 01536 527295 Email: julie@theilp.org.uk
W
3
alking along the river approaching the Southbank stretch recently, as usual I had to avert my eyes from the particularly
clunky attempt at underlit seating. The linear LED fittings have been stuffed under the benches with apparently no attempt at concealment and are clearly visible to passers-by. It is a patent contravention of the principles and execution of the original lighting scheme for that area by Speirs and Major. On the one hand it is gratifying to see more creativity in landscape lighting; underlit seating, gobo projection, low level grazing are all techniques which have considerably enriched the visual appearance of our urban piazzas and pedestrian walkways at night. But – and the same can be said of interior lighting – as these sophisticated lighting techniques become more widespread, so everyone and his wife thinks they can have a crack at them. Often with the aforementioned result. The latest publication from the ILP, Lighting Landscapes (see p22), is designed to counter some of the worst excesses.
Published by Matrix Print Consultants on behalf of Institution of Lighting Professionals Regent House, Regent Place, Rugby CV21 2PN Telephone: 01788 576492 Fax: 01788 540145 E-mail: info@theilp.org.uk Website: www.theilp.org.uk Produced by
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Aimed at a wide audience, from local authorities through to architects and contractors, it nevertheless makes the point that it is not a substitute for professional expertise. ‘This publication does not open up the promise to “Become a Lighting Designer in 10 Days”,’ says author Carl Gardner in his introduction. ‘It is not a substitute for the employment of a professional lighting designer. It is rather a way of facilitating the process of working closely with your lighting designer, helping you understand the key techniques and effects that can be achieved.’ Let’s hope whoever lit those benches gets a copy.
Jill Entwistle
© ILP 2014 The views or statements expressed in these pages do not necessarily accord with those of The Institution of Lighting Professionals or the Lighting Journal’s editor. Photocopying of Lighting Journal items for private use is permitted, but not for commercial purposes or economic gain. Reprints of material published in these pages is available for a fee, on application to the editor.
Lighting Journal February 2014
4
News
UK one of top CFL adopters Nine in 10 UK households (88 per cent) now buy CFLs, according to a European-wide survey of consumer lamp purchasing habits. This puts the UK in the top five CFL adopters behind Italy (96 per cent), Portugal and Spain. The European average is 78 per cent. The majority of UK consumers, 87 per cent, said the main reason for purchase was energy and cost savings. However, the survey found that UK consumers were in sixth position when it comes to LEDs, with a third of households (33 per cent) now buying LED lamps. Sweden was in first place with 46 per cent. The motive for purchase was again cost and energy savings according to 70 per cent of UK households who bought them. The survey involved 5000 consumers across 12 European countries and was carried out on behalf of a consortium of organisations across Europe, including the Energy Saving Trust,
involved in the PremiumLight project. PremiumLight is a Europeanwide initiative which is testing the quality of energy saving lamps to help consumers in their purchasing decisions. Figures from the EST show that the UK could save £1.4bn on electricity bills a year through households replacing all the remaining traditional incandescent and halogen lamps Table 1 showing % always or often purchasing CFL energy saving light bulbs Italy Portugal Spain UK Denmark France Average Czech Republic Germany Sweden Finland Austria Latvia
96 95 94 88 87 82 78 74 74 72 69 58 54
in their homes with energy-saving sources (CFLs and LED spots) – around £50 saving on energy bills per household per year*. ‘We are encouraged by these findings which show that the majority of the UK public are realising the energy and cost saving benefits of energy saving light bulbs and buying them for their home,’ said Tom Lock, certification manager at the EST. * Assumes an average 2012/13 electricity tariff of 15.32 p/kWh and emissions factor of 0.517 kgCO2/kWh www.premiumlight.eu/index. php?page=uk Table 2 showing % always or often purchasing LED energy saving light bulbs Sweden Austria Portugal Germany Spain UK Denmark Average Czech Republic France Italy Finland Latvia
46 45 45 41 39 33 32 32 31 24 23 20 3
Engineers keep pace in pay stakes Engineering technicians (EngTech), incorporated A steady increase in fees is still evident in the engineers (IEng) and chartered engineers (CEng) are proportion of registered engineers and technicians who still enjoying pay increases and low levels of have their institution membership subscriptions paid by unemployment, according to the Engineering Council’s their employer, according to the council. 2013 survey of professionally registered While employers appear to be engineers and technicians. realising the value in paying professional Since the last survey in 2010, registration fees for their staff, the report registrants have seen an increase in also indicated that a number of registrants median total earnings of 8.1 per cent for still feel unsure about the extent to which engineering technicians, 5.1 per cent for registration is valued by their employers. incorporated engineers and 14.5 per cent The survey, which started in 1981, is for chartered engineers. based on responses from 6321 registered Median total earnings in the financial engineers and technicians resident in the year ending April 2013 were £40,000 UK and below the age of 65. for engineering technicians, £45,500 n A shortfall of under 19s taking advanced for incorporated engineers, £63,000 for engineering apprenticeships could threaten chartered engineers. the UK’s ability to compete against leading Higher earnings were generated economies such as China and the US, by a rise in basic income, the survey says a report by EngineeringUK, which found, rather than in overtime, bonus and projects the UK’s capacity for industrial commission payments, which actually growth. Engineering UK 2014 highlights showed a decrease since 2010. Prichard: around 10 per cent earn £100K a decline of 12.2 per cent to 16,280 ‘With a handful of registrants reporting young people under 19 currently taking earnings of more than £1m and around 10 per cent engineering-related Advanced Level Apprenticeships. earning over £100,000, the signs are that the engineering profession is keeping pace with other professions,’ said www.engc.org.uk Jon Prichard, CEO of the Engineering Council. www.engineeringuk.com
Lighting Journal February 2014
News
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Edinburgh opts for city-wide switch Edinburgh City Council aims to save up to £280,000 a year by switching to a combination of LED and PLL fluorescent sources for its 63,000plus street lights. The current annual energy bill is just under £3m. The decision follows a successful pilot scheme in two areas of the city. The White Light Pilot Project began in October 2012 and involved 271 street lights. Energy savings were measured at up to 38 per cent. Carried out in Saughton Mains and Gilmerton Dykes, the project also got an overwhelmingly positive response from residents when it ended in October 2013, with 89 per cent of customers satisfied with the new lights and 83 per cent stating that the brightness of the lamps was ‘about right’. A £2.15m interest-free loan from government fund provider Salix will allow a further 6000 street lights
across the city to be converted to LEDs from this month. When added to a previous council ‘spend to save’ proposal to install LED lanterns on a number of main roads, this will result in approximately 24 per cent of Edinburgh’s street lighting being upgraded to energy efficient white light sources. Plans to introduce more white light technology to the city could also see the installation of LED stair lights maintained by the council in around 14,100 tenements across the capital. The upgrade would save around £1.25m in energy and maintenance annually. ‘The trials of this technology were a huge success and residents told us they liked the crisper, brighter light and thought it was better than the old kind of street lights,’ said vice convener of transport and environment Councillor Jim Orr.
Glasgow pilots smart light crime detection
lighting columns and collect data such as footfall, and air and noise pollution levels. The lighting will be programmed to increase in brightness if the noise level rises, for instance if there is a disturbance in the area. The lighting sensor which detects the incident can also be programmed to flash, guiding the emergency services to the precise location. The pilot project will integrate with the City Operations Centre enabling staff monitoring the new
Glasgow City Council is trialling the use of intelligent LED street lighting as a crime control measure as part of its Future Cities Demonstrator, a £24m programme to show how technology can make life in the city ‘smarter, safer and more sustainable’. Sensors will be installed on
BTO looks at street lighting impact on birds
network of CCTV cameras to zoom in on any problems. This real-time information will feed into the Open Data Platform, which in turn will make it available to the public. Another pilot scheme will involve intuitive street lights being installed on a stretch of the city’s off-road cycle routes, currently mostly unlit. The new lights will operate at 40 per cent brightness rising to 100 per cent when they sense an approaching cyclist.
The British Trust for Ornithology (BTO) appealed to the public to take part in a survey to assess the effect of light and heat pollution on garden birds last month. The charity asked people to get up before sunrise, around 8am, on 9 January to monitor their garden bird feeders and record the times at which they saw up to 10 different species arrive. The project was a follow-up to the charity’s 2004 Shortest Day Survey, a one-off exercise to record the times that garden birds arrived at feeding stations in the winter. ‘A key finding from that survey was that urban birds get up later than their country counterparts,’ said Clare Simm of the BTO. Studies from elsewhere in the world have suggested street lighting might cause songbirds to become active earlier in the day. The trust hopes that survey participants will produce a new record of how urban light and heat pollution might be affecting feeding patterns of UK birds on cold winter mornings.
Lighting Journal February 2014
6
News
News in brief The Lighting Research Center (LRC) at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York has launched a new collaborative initiative, the Light and Health Alliance. The aim is to connect the science of light and health to practical applications, and to provide objective information based on basic and applied research. The collaboration will involve manufacturers, government organisations and NGOs, codes and standards bodies, along with architects, specifiers, medical facility managers and physicians. The May Design Series 2014 at London’s ExCel, which last year incorporated Arc for the first time, will this year also include some of the exhibitors from Interiors UK 2014 at the NEC in Birmingham. This is a prelude to the entire show being relocated for 2015. The May Design Series takes place from 18-20 May.
Comic turn
Montreal decided to get a bit more creative with the winter lights along one of its key thoroughfares, Avenue du Mont-Royal, and in 2012 the Development Corporation of Mount Royal Avenue held a competition to stir up some new
OLEDs need understanding, says report With sales forecasts for OLED lighting in 2020 ranging from less than $60m to almost $30bn, there is a need for a detailed understanding of the challenges involved in cost reduction and the relative merits of LED and OLED approaches to diffuse light sources, says the latest IDTechEx report on the sector. Advances in manufacturing methods have come too late to allow OLEDs to participate significantly in the first stage of introduction of solid state lighting, says the report, OLED Lighting Opportunities 2013-2023: Forecasts, Technologies, Players. However, it adds, this phase has been
Lighting Journal February 2014
ideas. The winning entry was a series of comic-book inspired LED fittings called Idea-O-Rama by creative studio Turn Me On Design. The street lamps are shaped like speech balloons and feature quirky cartoon characters. Attached to the existing columns, the fittings are colour-changing and visible throughout the day. The display plates can be easily changed, so the lamps could be adapted according to the season or event. Makes a change from snowflakes.
dominated by sales of replacement lamps, a market segment not suited to OLEDs. Because of the long lifetime of LED sources, this market is expected to become saturated between 2016 and 2020. ‘The industry will then focus on more innovative lighting systems, leading to increased demand for the non-traditional form factors offered by OLEDs,’ says the report. Stiff competition is expected from luminaires with embedded inorganic LEDs, continues the report, but the transfer of this technology from display backplanes to innovative lighting fixtures is moving very slowly. ‘Thus there will be a fine market opportunity for those OLED manufacturers who can meet their cost and performance targets in this time period,’ the report concludes. www.IDTechEx.com/oled
John McGinty, northern area sales engineer for highways industry supplier Signature, has retired after 47 years with the company. His successor is Stephen Hart, formerly of Thorn Lighting. Also retiring is John Baldacci, sales manager with Dee-Organ, part of the Signature Group. Craig McKay will assume his role. BRE and publisher UBM Built Environment have launched a new research programme looking at the impact the built environment has on wellbeing. A research paper competition to bring together and showcase current research and understanding in this field will be the first step. The authors of the two best papers will present their findings at a seminar at Ecobuild 2014 in London in March. Building professionals are invited to submit papers detailing recent development projects and the positive and negative effects identified. The deadline is 14 February. Entries and enquiries to wellbeingpaper@bre.co.uk
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LIGHT Minded...
8
Opinion
LIGHT Hearted
Kevin Mansfield, programme director of the UCL Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, argues the need for greater consistency in urban lighting masterplans
Malcolm Mackness, director of LCADS and dark skies specialist, on the natural light fantastic
One of the characteristics of recently developed urban lighting masterplans is that they seem not to cover all the issues. In a recent study, a colleague and I were able to analyse different lighting masterplans located in distinct countries and continents to identify their strengths and limitations, and to propose the development of common environmental and sustainable guidelines. Urban lighting masterplans are tools that can minimise the negative impact of artificial lighting. One way of looking at the environmental impact of light from outdoor lighting installations is in terms of energy use and the effect on living organisms: humans, flora and fauna. Although many cities have developed and implemented lighting masterplans, not all of these documents include environmental objectives or guidelines. Aesthetic and cultural objectives are usually given more importance than other goals, especially in the first version of a masterplan. Our view is that consistent guidelines (a template or a checklist?) are needed to inform the development of future urban lighting masterplans. The important idea is that an urban lighting masterplan should seek to fully address elements of sustainability at all stages of its lifecycle, from the production and distribution of lighting installation equipment through to the impact on humans, flora and fauna until the disposal at end-of-life. This will ensure that deleterious lighting impacts will be mitigated during all stages of an installation’s lifecycle. For example, many lighting masterplans address light pollution and energy issues, but some do not refer to flora and fauna protection. In terms of light pollution, Sydney addresses sky glow and glare, while Lyons refers only to sky glow and Gwangju (South Korea) only to glare. Many masterplans do not seem to address the protection of the rich variety of flora and fauna that may exist in a city. Vienna sets rules to decrease the impact of lighting on flying insects alone, Toronto to reduce the impact on migrating birds while other plans do not address any species. A significant omission from many
One of the things I like most about lighting are the occasions which make us stop and think. Almost coincident with being asked to write this piece, Stargazing Live was on TV. There were spectacular scenes of the heavens, but for me, the highlight was live viewing of the Aurora Borealis from Norway. A phenomenon of nature which is breathtaking, and all about light production at a fundamental level and the effects that light then creates. As lighting professionals, many of us can spend a lifetime providing exterior and interior task lighting. If we are lucky we get opportunities to move beyond the limits of utility and legislation, and are able to enhance the night scene in general and light the exteriors and interiors of magnificent buildings. But in doing our very best, perhaps we can never be more than artisans in the face of natural lighting effects. On a day-to-day basis, every sunrise and sunset has a bit of magic about it. We all remember spectacular sunsets and, perhaps less frequently, the first glimmers of dawn and the remarkable changes immediately thereafter. The Aurora is another natural wonder, but you need to be in the right part of the globe and have some luck to see it. The one spectacle we all must have seen, however, is the magnificence of a rainbow and with it we are again getting the physics: the light refraction which Isaac Newton studied, leading him to many more discoveries in the field of light, optics and cosmology. Everything must be right: just enough moisture in the atmosphere, the sun’s angle and so on. Perhaps the upside of all the increased rainy periods in recent years is that it also increases the chances of a visual feast.
Lighting Journal February 2014
masterplans is the careful disposal of lamps and lighting equipment at end-of-life. What can be done in such a template regarding the production and distribution of lighting equipment? The use of local suppliers and contractors can be encouraged which reduces the amount of energy used in the manufacturing process, the amount of waste generated and in the reduction of transport costs. Manufacturers and suppliers should be selected only on their commitment to international and national environmental standards. Masterplans should reduce the impact of lighting on humans by recommending the use of cut-off lanterns and abolishing inefficient lighting equipment to eliminate sky glow, by specifying luminaires with appropriate optical control to reduce glare and by encouraging the careful siting and maintenance of lighting equipment to avoid light trespass. To reduce the impact of lighting on flora and fauna then vulnerable target species need to be identified in the urban area concerned. Light levels may need to be reduced to avoid disorientation in migrating birds and to mitigate adaptation problems in reptiles and amphibians. Lamp spectral characteristics may need to be considered for invertebrates. Finally, at end-of-life, a template should reduce the impact of the disposal of lighting equipment by specifying appropriate disposal and recycling processes to minimise the use of energy, reduce the generation of waste and eliminate toxic emissions into the air and water. Only those contractors who are committed to international and national standards should be appointed to reduce transport costs and improve adherence to environmental guidelines. It has been a pleasure to develop these ideas with Diana Del-Negro of the City Lighting Department, Lisbon, but such guidance can only act as a checklist, one that will require regular updating as the technology develops. However, the dissemination of such ideas to stakeholders allows the possibility of an improvement in the coherence and sustainability of our urban lit environments.
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Retrofit for purpose Lawrence Baynham looks at how LED retrofits compare to current technologies and argues that initial concerns are now misplaced
LEDs
I
n the past consumers have been deterred by the initial perceived pitfalls of retrofitting with LED technology. However, these concerns are either misplaced or have been alleviated by the evolution of the technology. As these reservations are dissipated, the way has now been paved for a retrofit-led future. In the context of lighting products, a retrofit is a product that is compatible with an existing system and which has an offering above and beyond what it replaces. Retrofitting presents an opportunity to take advantage of new technologies without incurring the need for full fitting replacement. In many cases it just involves a direct
lamp replacement, requiring no rewiring or modification to the existing circuit. Retrofitting is by no means a new idea – the use of metal halide lamps to replace sodium is an obvious example. Fittings are generally made up of three main parts: the housing, the light source (the lamp, or LEDs) and the driver. While the housing is generally a low-tech part which has the potential to age as well as Carol Vorderman, the source and driver improve in performance over time due to innovations in the industry. Innovations can be both transformational (usually attributed to a technology change such as that from
Fig 1: Technology adoption curve
Fig 2: Performance improvements with new technologies
11
fluorescent to LED) and incremental (driven by small gains in efficiency, attributed to improvements in existing technology or production processes). Technology adoption Generally there will be leaps in performance associated with transformational changes. Conversely, incremental changes usually provide regular improvements which push up efficiencies. A new technology does take time to overtake the incumbent technology in terms of performance and this is where patience is required. Remember when Apple tried to push the Newton as a PDA device in 1993? Due to the bulkiness and price it was not thought to offer performance benefits over using a paper diary, so it fell flat. The people who did buy in at this stage were doing so not for performance benefits but because they were technology enthusiasts (these individuals form part of the ‘early market’ described by Geoffrey Moore in his book Crossing the Chasm). Once a technology presents immediate performance benefits (rather than the promise of benefits in the future) its chances of being adopted by the mainstream market soar. In recent years LEDs have broken through this market barrier. Cast your mind back to 10 years ago when the latest LEDs were offering 60lm/W, compared to more than 200 lm/W today1. With these ever-increasing performance possibilities comes an opportunity to replace the light source and/or driver within the existing luminaire in order to reap financial benefits, securing a return on investment for the purchaser. If each time we wanted to do this we had to replace the luminaire too, then the incentives would be lower. Embracing this philosophy can be done by following a retrofit strategy from the outset – investing in retrofit-friendly fittings with the intention of upgrading the ‘inners’ on a more regular basis than the luminaire. Broadly speaking, where asset utilisation is concerned it is a strategy that ensures maximum value and enables flexibility in terms of future technological developments or changing requirements. It ensures that there is always an option to upgrade to the latest performance level at a low cost.
Lighting Journal February 2014
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LEDs
Retrofit product design If it is as simple as that, then why isn’t everyone retrofitting? Designing a new technology into a retrofit form adds complexity. The main thing about any electronics is to design the system to ensure a suitable operating temperature to prolong the life of the product. The starting point of any design must therefore be the matter of heat management which can be more difficult when designing retrofit products because there is usually no direct conductive thermal path to the outside environment. Nevertheless, by using thermal simulations and carrying out thorough thermal tests in a variety of closed fittings, it is possible to be confident that the operating temperature of the LED chips is well within the range set by chip manufacturers to ensure long-life operation. Another area where careful consideration is needed is the matching of optical performance. The photometry of a fluorescent tube differs from that of an LED retrofit tube. However, as will be discussed below, when it comes to fitting efficiency this factor usually works to the LED retrofit’s advantage. There are also a number of common misconceptions regarding the use of LED retrofits ranging from financial concerns to compliance and recertification issues. Provided that the retrofit lamp is certified for its intended purpose then there will be no requirement to recertify the fitting once it is installed. In the same way that you do not need to recertify your bedside lamp when you use a CFL in place of a filament bulb, there is rarely the need to do so when using LED tubes in place of fluorescents. Lifetime costs Financially speaking, the use of LED retrofits does pay off. Savings are highest in installations where access to the fitting is difficult and using longer life-technology allows for fewer lamp changes. Shae Gilbert, lead engineer of lighting and innovation at London Underground, recently explained how the use of LED lamp retrofits is saving millions on maintenance bills. Changing a single tube over an escalator can cost nearly £1000 so the return on investment once a lamp change is avoided is phenomenal2. Huge savings can be achieved in
Lighting Journal February 2014
other areas where maintenance costs are high, for example where traffic management is required in tunnels, underpasses and subways. Maintenance costs aside, energy savings are typically 50 per cent of the fluorescent system wattage to attain the same brightness, meaning a return on investment can be achieved even in scenarios where lamp replacement costs are negligible. Consider a 58W fluorescent lamp on magnetic gear (circuit wattage 65W) being replaced with a 30W LED tube. At a conservative energy cost of £0.10/kWh the saving per hour of operation is 0.35 pence, meaning that even after only 20,000 hours of operation (a fraction of the rated life for high-quality LED tubes) the savings in energy equate to £70; this by far exceeds the cost of the LED lamp. Improved performance Understandably, at this point you will be asking how it is possible to achieve a 50 per cent reduction in energy usage while maintaining the brightness levels when fluorescent lumens per circuit watt are around 75, and typically 105 for LED tubes. One of the reasons relates to fitting efficiency, or light output ratio. Fluorescent tubes emit light from the entire circumference of the lamp, meaning reflectors must be used to direct the light emitted from the ‘back’ to the desired area. Inevitably, this optical control introduces inefficiencies. What’s more, over time particulates become deposited on the surface meaning even less of the light directed into the fitting is
Fig 3: Diagram showing LOR principle
reflected. Typically a reflector for an external fitting (such as those used in subways) is made from basic sheet metal of low reflectivity so the losses are significant. LEDs, however, only emit light from one surface of the tube
LEDs
13
Fig 4: Completed installation of Westminster subway (see box overleaf )
Picture by Pörrö
which means there is no reflectance within the fitting. The extent of this change in fitting efficiency can be estimated by scaling measured average lux levels by the lumen output of the lamp using fluorescent lamps and then repeating Fig 5: Indo LED sources (30W circuit, left) next to fluorescent lamps (84W circuit, right) this for the same installation using LED lamps. Using a real life subway installation the LOR was fluorescent lamp is approximately and safety in relation to light sources. calculated to have improved by 59.4 1.48, whereas a white LED lamp can Mains power in the UK is supplied per cent after switching to LED retrofit be over two (exact value dependent at a line frequency of 50Hz. Since the lamps (see case study, Fig 6). on manufacturer and binning). 3 waveform is approximately sinusoidal On top of this there is the quality of By combining these three there will be two points in the cycle for light to take into account. Using white improvement areas – higher lumens which the voltage supplied is 0, giving light from LEDs to replace standard per watt, improved fitting efficiency rise to the phenomenon of flicker and warm or cool fluorescent lamps and a greater SP ratio – it is easy to light output modulation. increases the perceived brightness see how significant energy savings Fluorescent tubes running on per watt and this is what is important can be achieved. magnetic gear modulate at 100Hz when it comes to safety and comfort. (relating to the two points on the It is widely accepted that this is a Health concerns mains cycle where supplied voltage is valid approach, as acknowledged in A topical issue that has attracted a 0) and towards the end of life a severe Annex A of BS 5489-1: 2013 and ILP great deal of discussion and coverage modulation of 50Hz and below can PLG03. The SP ratio of a cool white in the industry has been that of health be introduced.
Lighting Journal February 2014
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LEDs
Studies investigating the effect of flicker on patients with photosensitive epilepsy (which represents approximately one in 4000 of the population) indicate that flicker in the range ~3 to ~70Hz represents a risk of seizure4. The electroencephalographic recordings from patients during the study highlight around 50 per cent of patients responded to a flash frequency of 50Hz5. Importantly, LEDs do not exhibit a 50Hz flicker towards the end of life. A 100Hz modulation is usually present for mains-connected LED circuits, but depending on the driving circuitry it can be reduced or even entirely removed (for LEDs driven with a continuous direct current). There is also the added benefit that the LED retrofit doesn’t make use of glass or a mercury vapour, which is a cause for concern when a breakage occurs, perhaps during cleaning or lamp replacement. Conclusion The introduction of new technology on the market is usually met with scepticism and perceived risk. Once
Case study: Westminster City Council
Indo Lighting supplied Westminster City Council with around 1000 T8 LED retrofit tubes to be installed
the performance and price reach a point where there is a clear opportunity for savings, and large installations have been implemented and proved to be successful, this perceived risk will invariably diminish. The performance of LEDs has been improving rapidly over recent years and they are now able to offer significant benefits over older technologies. Confidence in the technology has increased considerably, giving rise to regular announcements from large companies and organisations that they are making the switch to LED sources. The general performance of LEDs continues to increase and a new technology is always around the corner. Retrofitting with the latest technology at a low cost provides flexibility as it ensures that there is never a lock-in to current technology levels. If an improved product is launched a few years after installation there will not be the need to write off costly fittings to upgrade. Lawrence Baynham, MEng BA (Cantab), is a director of Indo Lighting
in subways within the borough. In addition to financial benefits, the quality of light improved, allowing greater colour recognition and increased brightness, according to an independent post-installation report carried out by WestOne (a joint project between WSP and FM Conway). The report commented
REFERENCES 1 Miller H (2010) Creative Destruction, With a Nudge from the Top (online). www.pcb007.com/pages/zone. cgi?a=56143 [27 Nov 2013] 2 Bain R (2013) The light at the end of the tunnel, Lux Magazine, issue 31, November 2013, pp54-59. 3 Lighting Research Center (2009), Outdoor Lighting: Visual Efficacy, Vol 6, Is2, p6. 4 Wilkins A, Veitch J and Lehman B (2010). LED Lighting Flicker and Potential Health Concerns: IEEE Standard PAR1789 Update (online). www.essex.ac.uk/psychology/ overlays/2010-195.pdf [27 Nov 2013]. 5 Wilkins A, Veitch J and Lehman B (2010). As above.
that the clean white light provided by the LED tubes enhanced the artwork features within the subway and notably improved the appearance of the subway as a whole. Fig 6 summarises the key metrics, including those from an analysis of results reported in the WestOne review.
Fig 6: Summary of performance results from test installation for Westminster City Council. Illumination per circuit watt and illumination per lamp lumen relate to average illumination levels and are calculated from the test subway site where an independent lighting survey was carried out for fluorescent T8 lamps and for Indo LED T8 lamps. The measurement grids used to carry out the survey were in accordance with ILP Technical Report 28 Measurement of Road Lighting Performance on Site.
Lighting Journal February 2014
CALL FOR PAPERS
FOr PrOFEssIOnAL LIGHTInG EVEnTs
This year sees two Lightscene events. The first, at ecobuild, excel, London lasts for three days: March 4-6.
lighting for the built environment to achieve public benefit. The ILP Vice President Events invites applications from potential speakers in the lighting profession and associated fields. In this period of unprecedented challenges, presentations should inform, inspire and stimulate debate amongst event attendees.
25 June
The Institution of Lighting Professionals has launched its 2014 programme of events, packed with potential for all lighting professionals. All ILP events provide an inspiring and affordable way for everyone in the lighting world to fulfill CPD requirements, build and maintain competency, and ultimately to deliver quality
LIghTIng FOR COmmunITIES London An interactive day of discussion and debate on the most pertinent issues affecting everyone involved in exterior lighting.
There are opportunities at both Lightscene events to deliver Professional Lighting seminars to provide education and CPD for an audience of ILP members and non members.
how to apply
Additionally, organisations exhibiting within Lightscene at ecobuild are entitled to deliver a 20 minute presentation showcasing their services and products!
To apply to speak at an ILP event, please email jo@theilp.org.uk with: • Author’s full name and organisation • Author’s email, postal address, mobile and landline telephone numbers • Title of proposed paper • 250 to 500 words in English describing the proposed paper with enough information for the reviewers to make an informed decision • Details of any event or publication which has previously featured the paper
24 & 25 september
The second, in scotland, takes place on May 8.
ThE PROFESSIOnAL LIghTIng SummIT Solihull This summit has been developed to afford delegates the latest information, best practices and technological advances in an efficient, cost effective format. This prestigious event is the highlight of the ILP’s highly respected annual events programme. submission deadline: 10 March 2014
If you wish to discuss your paper prior to submitting please email jo@theilp.org.uk and the Vice President Events will call you for an informal chat. Events are developed on an ongoing basis both nationally and regionally so we are always open to approaches from speakers throughout the year.
any queries?
The ILP Events Team is happy to help on 01788 576492 jo@theilp.org.uk & jess@theilp.org.uk
Fig 1: Illuminated architectural elements create memorable experiences
Architectural lighting: not yet dead In an edited version of his ILP award-winning paper in the 2013 Young Lighter of the Year, Philip Avery argues that the demise of facade lighting has been prematurely announced
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acade lighting fascinates me. Uplighting the front of a building reveals textures, relief and shadows inversely to how they’re perceived when lit by the sun, giving a unique visual experience. After dusk, the facade offers a blank canvas on which to paint with light, to render the architect’s original vision of the building and create a spectacle in contrast to the night sky. However, at the Professional Lighting Design Convention in Berlin in 2009, French lighting designer Roger Narboni declared that ‘architectural lighting is dead’, thereby provoking much thought and discussion about the illumination of built environments. Isabelle Corten, founder of the Social Light Movement (SLM), subsequently rationalised Narboni’s words: ‘He was really saying that you have to take more care of people and individual needs rather than just highlighting architectural monuments,’ she argued.2 Few would disagree. Most people live in city suburbs, not in city centres,
LightingJournal JournalFebruary February2014 2014 Lighting
and there is undoubtedly a need to achieve good lighting in all areas – particularly socially challenged districts without landmarks that merit night-time illumination.
Street lighting provides ambient illumination for evening activity, but who appreciates a well-lit paving slab? To lighting professionals, Narboni sets a challenge to move away from simply beautifying buildings to lighting for people. UK lighting designer Michael Grubb, for example, believes ‘it has to be about people or it’s just about creating postcards’.3 We might then question the relevance of exterior architectural lighting to the wider community, but many of our city centres are in need of revival, and there is widespread belief that
architectural lighting has a role to play. Benefits of architectural lighting Cultural landmarks stand out at night when lit; the beauty and grandeur of buildings is revealed, significant architectural elements are highlighted (Fig 1). It can affect the viewer emotionally – creating memorable experiences, provoking contemplation. Visually appealing backdrops are created in public spaces, enhancing outdoor recreation and enabling visitors and city dwellers to enjoy events and amenities in a welcoming environment long after dark (Fig 2). Street lighting provides ambient illumination for evening activity, but who appreciates a well-lit paving slab? Horizontal illumination of pavements and roadways enables urban circulation routes to function, and vertical illumination offers security through facial recognition, but city side streets at night can look much the same – disconcerting in an unfamiliar place. Facade lighting highlights recognisable landmarks as reference
Fig 2: Lit elevations enhance social activity
points – aiding orientation, creating familiarity and reinforcing a sense of security (Fig 3). Liverpool City Council’s public realm improvements for its Capital of Culture year in 2008 included illumination of the city’s significant landmarks. Street surveys gauged public attitude: • 80 per cent agreed that lighting key buildings meant they enjoyed the city centre more after dark • 92 per cent agreed that lighting makes buildings stand out • 44 per cent said that improvements to buildings and feature lighting had encouraged them to spend more time in the city centre after dark4 This confirms that the architectural lighting strategy enhanced Liverpool city centre’s night-time appearance, creating a more convivial environment for visitors, residents and workers. The survey also found that 37 per cent were encouraged by the illumination of buildings to spend more money in the city centre5 leading Liverpool Council to conclude that, together with improvements to the public realm, the lighting helped increase revenue. Whether architectural lighting can directly influence consumer spending is questionable though, as the statistics were taken from only 219 questionnaires at just four locations around Liverpool city centre6. Nevertheless it seems that some local authorities’ growing perception of architectural lighting schemes
as an economic magnet is enough to encourage demand. Wasted energy? If economic spin-off is the main catalyst for facade lighting schemes, how do we then justify the cost of running them? Earlier last year the European Commission published Lighting The Cities, which states that ‘public lighting accounts for about 50 per cent of electricity consumption in cities across the European Union’.7 In response the EU has set a target of increasing energy efficiency by 20 per cent by the year 2020.8 This will have a significant impact on European municipalities’ approach to city lighting as they strive to cut running costs. If the energy saving outweighs the commercial spin-off, might architectural lighting fall out of favour? Light pollution The International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) aims to preserve the heritage of our natural night skies and educate about the effects of artificial light pollution, which threatens astronomical facilities, ecologically sensitive habitats, all wildlife, and even human health. Recent studies suggest reduced melatonin levels from restless sleep induced by light trespass could lead to increased risk of breast and prostate cancer.9 NASA images (Fig 4) show that most of night-time Europe, the US and Japan is a nebula of light – the remaining northern hemisphere is not that far behind.
Fig 3: Recognisable landmarks become reference points, aiding orientation and creating a sense of security through familiarity
Fig 4: NASA images of Earth at night
Fig 5: Example source of light pollution
The four components of light pollution are: urban sky glow, light trespass, glare and clutter. One installation on a public house in central London demonstrates these components (Fig 5). Unshielded floodlights spray light beyond the target facade to adjacent residential properties,12 storeys up a commercial building opposite, and into the sky. DIY lighters can purchase affordable ‘Rottweiler’ floodlights from hardware stores and install as they please without any vetting by a lighting specialist or reputable luminaire manufacturer. Each instance of this impacts neighbouring communities and our night skies. On a larger scale, the development of Baku, Azerbaijan, is an example of the effect of a sudden, largely ungoverned influx of facade lighting. While prestigious buildings such as the Flame Towers were lit by lighting specialists, with consideration given to context, can the same be said for other installations around the city? Photos of night-time Baku suggest an uncoordinated patchwork of clashing, coloured light, little darkness and numerous sources of glare (Fig 6). While individual lighting schemes may impress, coordination is key, and the lack of a city-wide lighting strategy in Baku leaves something to be desired. However, Azerbaijan’s wish to celebrate its architecture is commendable. East Asian nations have meanwhile developed a different kind of facade lighting, where illumination of the building is a purely incidental by-product of installations driven entirely by commerce. Fig 7 shows the extent to which advertising
Lighting Journal February 2014
Fig 6: Baku illuminations
billboards monopolise Taiwan’s skylines, for example. Solid-state technology has led to advertising signage of increasing luminous intensity – bigger, brighter, more eye-catching signs encourage competing businesses to follow suit. While impressive to behold, the extent of this visual clutter sparked studies by National Cheng Kung University which
Fig 8: Tokyo, post-2011 earthquake
explored light trespass on residents. In a survey sampling the facades of eight streets in four major Taiwanese cities, all were illuminated above 25 lux10 – the pre-curfew limit recommended for urban high-brightness districts by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). Surely when there’s heightened concern worldwide about
Fig 7: Taiwan’s hoards of hoardings
sustainability, such nations should review their advertising culture and address its signage excesses? In Japan this time may have already come. The 2011 earthquake disabled several nuclear power stations supplying Tokyo’s electricity. The city strove to conserve energy to avoid blackouts, and advertising hoardings were switched off (Fig 8). Asia Television (ATV) news reported that people appeared to acclimatise to the reduced lighting with some saying it was too bright before. If it takes a natural disaster to change the attitude of an entire society, how long will it take for IDA campaigns to finally hit home? Until that time comes, we should endeavour to continue to ensure facade illumination is realised through good design. Organisations including the CIE, IES and the ILP promote excellence in lighting and publish codes providing parameters for lighting schemes. Their guidelines specific to exterior architectural lighting recommend measures to avoid the four constituents of light pollution while ensuring optimum lit effect. They offer a means to measure our designs against standards that we can trust are appropriate for the intended application. Forecasting light impact at design stage While mock-ups and on-site trials are essential for ascertaining lit effect, increasingly sophisticated light simulation software enables us to build accurate models to confirm that our designs will not exceed guideline parameters (Fig 9). This calculation method should be
Architectural lighting a standard component of the design process for all architectural lighting projects submitted for approval to municipal planning departments. It also enables us to confirm for our own satisfaction that subjects are lit responsibly, with minimal impact on their surroundings. Embracing new technology and techniques Floodlighting, which visually flattens a facade using remote watt-guzzling projectors, is no longer necessary. We have an opportunity to apply better techniques and embrace emerging technology such as solid-state lighting. Compared to conventional sources, LEDs (and miniaturisation of their luminaire housings) enable closer offsets for grazing light up facades, accenting texture and relief, and affording far more sculptural lit effects which help us read the architecture (Fig 10). Acute focusing angles minimise light trespass into buildings, and allow us to capture light in recesses and window reveals (Fig 11 and 12) while illuminating horizontal planes such as canopies, transoms and soffits. Compact LED luminaires enable concealment for minimal visual impact by day. While louvres, snoots and adjustable mounting brackets diminish stray light beyond the extent of the elevation, lensed LEDs offer even greater optical control for precise illumination of the intended target. Dimming LEDs means we need never project light with an excessive intensity for the facade’s context, and saturated colour at source means we need never again reduce the efficiency of luminaires by applying coloured filters. These combined measures can achieve impressive facade lighting effects while minimising both energy use and light pollution. Education We must ensure that we share our knowledge of architectural lighting. Lighting consultancies and manufacturers offer CPDs for architects and other relevant professionals to increase awareness of emerging technologies and best practice, but we must appeal to a wider audience. Lights Out initiatives such as WWF’s Earth Hour see public lighting temporarily switched off one night a year, but the focus is specifically on global warming or light pollution.
Floodlighting, which visually flattens a facade using remote watt-guzzling projectors, is no longer necessary Surely switching off is not the answer. Events such as Switched On London are far more positive. They increase public awareness of the need to light our built environments responsibly, and prove that better
Fig 9: Calculation software results to verify a design follows lighting guidelines
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lighting and low energy consumption is simultaneously possible. Press coverage ensures such events receive the attention they deserve, so why don’t they occur more often? Legislation Lighting organisations and the IDA influence developers, municipal decision makers and governments, and provide lighting codes that can be adopted as law – but how do we inform DIY lighters who’ve never heard of the ILP’s Guidance Notes for the Reduction of Obtrusive Light? In the UK, the Clean
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Architectural lighting
Fig 11 and 12: Accenting facade features using LEDs
Fig 10: Lit effects help us read the architecture
Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005 makes nuisance light subject to the same law as noise and smells,11 meaning the light trespass seen previously in Fig 5 is legislated for under this Act. Local authorities are empowered to issue an abatement notice leading to a potential fine of £5000, or £20,000 to a business party. The impact of this law is limited though – not only are many DIY lighters or neighbours who suffer light trespass unaware of it, but a clumsy lighting installation can pollute the sky without ever disturbing a neighbour, so countless instances surely go unreported. Its effectiveness is dependent on the attitude of local authorities too – some take light pollution seriously, others will just tell you to buy thicker curtains. The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) concedes that the law only ‘provides a first step towards reducing light pollution’.12 The Act is a reactive rather than proactive measure, and merely against light trespass. More should be done to control light pollution through greater regulation. Some other European regions have already taken up the gauntlet. In 2002, the Czech Republic was the first nation worldwide to adopt a light pollution ordinance. Dark
sky legislation was pushed through parliament by astronomers who felt the effects of a rapid increase in street lighting and illuminated advertising following the fall of communism. The law insists that the public takes ‘measures to prevent the occurrence of light pollution of the air’, that is: ‘every form of illumination by artificial light which is dispersed outside the areas it is dedicated to, especially if directed above the level of the horizon’.13 This law saw local authorities modify street and other public illumination with shielding to control light distribution. Advertising hoardings are now only lit from above with light projected downwards. Several Italian regions adopted similar legislation, and Slovenia followed suit in 2007, though Slovenia’s lighting policy is more stringent – the rule being ‘no lighting above the horizon’.14 While this measure is rational for street and amenity lighting, I believe it’s too prescriptive for architectural lighting. Lighting buildings from top to bottom may well reduce sky glow, but in the process we make light sources more visible and increase potential for glare at ground level. In my view, there is still a place for uplighting architecture, providing the technology and techniques previously considered
Architectural lighting are adopted to ensure light distribution is well-contained. Existing examples of legislation appear to tackle only light pollution attributable to street illumination, with far less thought for encouraging best practice in architectural lighting. All stakeholders – governments, local authorities, businesses, ecologists, astronomers and lighting professionals – must collaborate more effectively to establish a pragmatic and mutually beneficial solution that can be adopted on an international scale. In the interim, an important component in any new legislation should be regulation of the types of luminaire available to the consumer market – in particular banning highwattage, low-efficacy tungsten halogen Rottweiller floodlights. UK retailer Homebase says it works ‘very closely with suppliers and in-store colleagues to ensure that customers are informed about how to reduce light pollution’15, yet their website reveals a host of these floodlights for sale with no obvious guidance available. My opinion is shared by many, including the IDA, which conducts a Fixture Seal of Approval programme in the US, whereby manufacturers can advertise dark-sky-friendly products. Nevertheless this is still prevention rather than cure, and while banning the most offending luminaires could offer short-term relief, there’s no
guarantee the consumer will realise good lighting design. A more enduring solution requires our continued influence in the wider construction industry to emphasise the imperative role that lighting designers play in ensuring sustainability of our built environments – until the profession reaches a status where a lighting professional is habitually appointed on construction projects as a principal consultant rather than a specialist with limited scope. Surely it should be mandatory for a lighting professional to be responsible for the design of any facade installation to ensure best practice? Conclusion Architectural lighting can be hard to justify due to its energy consumption and potential contribution to light pollution. While the ideal of Roger Narboni and the SLM to provide lighting for communities rather than city buildings is something that many ethical designers will agree with, and is what our profession should aspire to, many will pursue facade lighting for whatever commercial or aesthetic benefits they believe it presents. Success stories prevail where architectural lighting has been applied to activate the night-time environment in the public realm, to celebrate cultural heritage or benefit the community. Yet to prevent the potential
REFERENCES 1 Corten, I. The City Factory Barcelona Seminar 4-6 May 2011. What is the Place for Public Spaces in the City of the Future? p75 Section 4: ‘Is there a social value of lighting design in public spaces?’ by Isabelle Corten, Radiance 35) 2 Corten, I. As above. 3 Molony, R. Designers on Edge of A New Epoch. Online, Lighting magazine – May 2010, p.40. www.fluxstudio.net/documents PLDALightingUKFutureofLightingforumMay2010.pdf 4 Jon Dawson Associates. Feature Lighting in Liverpool: An Impact Assessment of the City’s Lighting Programme. Online, August 2008. www.liverpoolvision.co.uk/keydocs/FLR2.pdf 5 Jon Dawson Associates. As above. 6 Jon Dawson Associates. As above. 7 European Commission, Lighting the Cities: Accelerating the Deployment of Innovative Lighting in European Cities. Belgium, European Commission, June 2013. ISBN 978-9279-28466-3. 8 European Commission, Lighting the Cities: Accelerating the Deployment of Innovative Lighting in European Cities. Belgium, European Commission, June 2013. ISBN 978-9279-28466-3. 9 Kloog I et al. Light At Night Co-distributes With Incident
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Philip Avery’s paper, Architectural Lighting: Not Yet Dead, won the ILP’s Best Paper award in the 2013 SLL Young Lighter of the Year awards held at LuxLIve last November. Avery is a lighting designer with GIA Equation pitfalls of architectural lighting we must continue to educate until legislation is passed internationally that can moderate those pitfalls. This can only be achieved through sustained lobbying for coherent government policy. We must ensure that best practice is achieved through wellconsidered specification of emerging technologies and the techniques they facilitate, commissioned by lighting specialists to ensure that the final installation is faithful to the original design intent. Ultimately, to merit lighting intervention a facade should have true architectural, cultural or historical significance, and the installation should be sympathetic to its surroundings. Put simplest by the ILP: ‘Think before you light – the right amount of light, where wanted, when wanted”.15 When realised through good design, I strongly believe architectural lighting to be very much alive.
Breast But Not Lung Cancer in the Female Population of Israel. 2008, Chronobiology International 25 (1): 65–81. 10 Huang K, Lin H, Ho C. A Study of Light Trespass from Advertising Signs on Building Facade in Taiwan. Journal, Taiwan, Department of Architecture, National Cheng Kung University, Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, Tainan City, 2011. 11 Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005 Part 9 Miscellaneous, Section 102. www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/16/section/102 12 Morgan-Taylor M, Mizon B. Light pollution now subject to the criminal law of statutory nuisance, Journal, British Astronomical Society, Issue 115, p125, March 2005. 13 Connolly K. Light pollution law helps Czechs reclaim the stars. Online, The Guardian, 27 March 2002. www.theguardian.com/science/2002/mar/27/ spaceexploration.physicalsciences 14 Marchand, T. Europe’s unique light pollution law: dark skies over Slovenia. Online, CafeBabel, 11 July 2011. www.cafebabel.co.uk/politics/article/europes-unique-lightpollution-law-dark-skies-over-slovenia.html 15 Winterman, D. Light pollution: is there a solution? Online, BBC News Magazine, 18 January 2012. www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-16470744 16 ILP Guidance Notes for the Reduction of Obtrusive Light GN01: 2011.
The enlightened path In an edited extract from a forthcoming ILP guide to the lighting of landscapes, Carl Gardner looks at various techniques for lighting pathways – and the pitfalls to avoid
Photography: Dave Thrower
Single-side slot bollards by B.Lux
Low-level detail from BDP Lighting scheme
Glasgow footbridge by Woodhouse
Landscape lighting
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efore we even begin to look at appropriate techniques for lighting a pathway, there are a number of functional requirements that must first be considered: • Level of need for safety and security • Any CCTV lighting requirements • Risks of vandalism/durability requirement • Need to provide illumination to appropriate local standards (such as British or European standards) • Environmental control requirements • Energy efficiency • Colour temperature of the light source • Colour rendering of the light source These requirements will vary from project to project and will influence the range of lighting techniques or approaches that can be considered to meet the project needs. In some cases, for example in public spaces in urban environments, there is likely to be a strong need for levels of illumination that provide a sense of security. Luminaires may also need to be positioned out of reach – or be of a type that can withstand the harsh urban environment. In private installations with controlled access, subtle lighting approaches may be more appropriate and it may be acceptable to locate luminaires in more accessible locations. While the lighting approach adopted for a particular pathway must fulfil the functional requirements, it must also satisfy the aesthetic requirements of the project in terms of both lighting effect and the impact the luminaires themselves have on the landscape.
Clearly in many landscape locations, column-mounted lighting can make a significant contribution to the overall night-time usability of a space. However, it needs to be carefully specified. A maximum height of 5m is generally advisable, to keep the lighting at a more human scale, although cost considerations will always tend to drive higher mounting heights at wider spacings. As well as making the lighting equipment less visually intrusive by night and day, lower mounting heights will tend to create more vertical illuminance. Consideration should also be given to the reduction of glare and to light spill. High-glare sources and road lighting optics should be avoided – luminaires with indirect lighting systems or good diffusers will create the softest, most comfortable effect. Lanterns which limit (or omit) any light output above the horizontal will help reduce light pollution and sky glow – but will require closer spacing to achieve the same lit uniformity. Where possible, wall mounting of light fittings is usually a better solution than the installation of new columns. Bollard lighting Low-level bollards are commonly used to illuminate pathways and they come in a multitude of styles and sizes. In the UK, on health and safety grounds, all lighting bollards on public pathways
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must be at least 1000mm high, to prevent people with reduced or partial vision walking into them. One way to avoid the problem is to locate bollards within the landscape itself. Bollard lighting should be selected so as to satisfy both functional and aesthetic requirements. Their efficiency does vary considerably and due to their low heights, bollards will rarely offer high uniformity – instead they create strong pools of light around the fitting, separated by areas of relative darkness. However, it would appear that most pedestrians are quite happy with such a ‘spotty’ visual effect, although it can create problems for the elderly and the partially sighted. Consideration should be given to the visual impact of bollards during the day, as they can have a significant effect on the aesthetics of the landscape design. Thought should also be given to their light distribution – where lighting off the pathway, on to surrounding land, is not required, a partial (180-degree) beam pattern should be specified rather than one offering all-round light output. Some bollard types offer light distribution in four 90-degree ‘segments’ which can be individually blanked off to fit the precise location and illumination requirement. Low-level lighting In specific circumstances the use
Techniques Column-mounted lighting This is possibly the most common method of lighting larger pathways, with both advantages and downsides: • It offers the ability to provide good uniform lighting levels, particularly on the horizontal plane • It enables light fittings to be mounted out of reach, making them less vulnerable to vandalism or accidental damage • It gives the installer the ability to combine the pathway lighting with other (perhaps already existing) column-mounted lighting, such as adjacent roadway lighting
Low-glare, indirect LED bollards by Erco
Lighting Journal February 2014
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Landscape lighting
of low-level lighting techniques for pathways can be considered. Examples would include projects where the need for high degrees of uniformity and lighting for security are deemed less important. Low-level lighting techniques can include the use of the following: • Wall-recessed luminaires providing a ‘floor washlight’ approach • Low-level luminaires with closely controlled optics, which provide elliptical beams of light ‘grazed’ across pathways • Marker lights with low light output which are used simply to mark the route. These are expensive to install and must be used effectively. There is a widespread habit in many landscape lighting schemes of scattering relatively low brightness ground-recessed LED marker lights across the horizontal surfaces. As a lighting technique this is both expensive and wasteful – most LED markers of this type can only be seen either from locations high above the site, such as surrounding buildings, or by pedestrians standing almost above the fittings. To be effective marker lights need to be seen from a distance. Therefore, in general LED marker lights are much more visually and cost-effective when used in vertical surfaces, such as walls, plinths and other low landscape features
Pathway lighting integrated into handrails Although linear fluorescents have previously been used in this way, the new generation of compact, longlife LED light sources has enabled lighting designers and manufacturers to devise improved, innovative and unobtrusive ways of lighting pedestrian pathways through the integration of light strips into the lower surfaces of handrails. This technique has several advantages, namely: • If well-constructed, LED handrail systems offer high resistance to vandalism • The light sources are brought close to the surface being lit, offering high efficiency • A continuous light strip creates a high level of light uniformity • In narrow, difficult-to-access areas such as pedestrian stairways, long-life LEDs at low level are much easier to maintain than wall-mounted lanterns • Being mounted below the pedestrian eye-line, they offer a low-glare solution • Low voltage drivers mounted remotely, away from public access, offer maximum safety, unlike older fluorescent solutions
Used sparingly, illuminated columns can make a striking visual statement (see box above right). Fittings by We-ef
Making light columns work as architecture
There is a strong tendency in an engineering-led approach, carried over from road lighting practice, to set out lighting columns symmetrically in rows, to create maximum uniformity of lighting levels. However, for landscape areas, where uniformity requirements are not paramount, this is not necessarily the best option. It is more preferable to think of the lighting columns as part of the architecture of the space, where they might echo the existing architecture, or make their own architectural statement, for example by being arrayed in opposing pairs at thresholds or gateways or to suggest a processional array on an important throughfare. A very useful variant of the conventional lighting column in such situations is the illuminated column, light pole or similar structure. This approach can be stylistically very varied, with the choice of column needing to reflect both daytime and night-time visual requirements. While the use of illuminated columns can make a striking visual statement, such specialist lighting systems are relatively expensive and are not usually the most efficient in terms of efficiency or light output, so should be used sparingly for specific locations.
Lighting Landscapes: a Guide to Implementing Successful Lighting within the Public Realm will be launched at EcoBuild 2014, which runs at London’s Excel Centre from March 4-6. The 96-page guide is aimed at landscape architects, planning authorities, lighting engineers, elected members of local authorities, public consultation bodies, architects, contractors, students of design, architecture and engineering, and lighting designers. The major aim of this new guide is to inspire those responsible for commissioning and funding all types of public and private space to recognise the numerous benefits of good landscape lighting – and to put such lighting at the centre of the design of new or refurbished urban spaces, parks and gardens. For more information contact Jess Gallacher on 01788 576492 or at jess@theilp.org.uk
Lighting Journal February 2014
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Road lighting
Green light for red routes TfL is to make its largest single investment in a lighting upgrade. Jill Entwistle reports
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t the end of last year Transport for London (TfL) announced that it was to make the largest single investment to modernise main road street lighting in London’s history. TfL estimates that the initial phase will cost £10.9m. The modernisation of the street lighting forms part of a 10-year, £4bn investment in the capital’s road network. The upgrade concerns the Transport for London Road Network (TLRN) which, although it only accounts for 580km or five per cent of the capital’s total road length, carries around a third of the city’s traffic. These are the key routes or major arterial roads in London, known as red routes because of their painted red lines. The first element of the programme will involve replacing the existing lighting with LED fittings. CU Phosco has been selected as a preferred supplier for post-top luminaires. The company’s P850 and P851 models will be used. Out of a total 52,000 fittings across the city, initially 35,000 street lights will be updated by 2016 through both targeted investment and TfL’s regular street light maintenance. The LED upgrade will be rolled out across the majority of the TLRN street lights during the next 10 years. The second strand will be the introduction of a central management system. Harvard Engineering’s Leafnut system will be used for a variety of functions including adjusting lighting levels to be better aligned with traffic flows and road usage at different times of night, and also for the remote monitoring of failures. The measures will lead to a 40 per cent reduction in energy use, according to TfL estimates, contributing to savings of around £1.85m a year and cutting annual CO2 emissions by 9700 tonnes. London Mayor Boris Johnson has
Road lighting
a target of a 60 per cent reduction in CO2 emissions by 2025. ‘With tens of thousands of lights marking the way on our road network it makes complete sense to focus energy and resources on bringing them up to 21st-century standards,’ he says. The capital costs of LED technology have until now been prohibitive except for use in particular locations such as tunnels and subways, says TfL. However it believes that the business and technology cases are now proven. ‘The performance and cost effectiveness of energy efficient
lighting has improved considerably over the past few years,’ says Dana Skelley, director of asset management at TfL. ‘Our aim is to provide assets fit for the future and this programme to upgrade lighting on the capital’s busiest roads is a simple, yet hugely effective way to not only reduce carbon emissions but to also reduce costs while providing better lighting of our road network.’ The upgrade forms part of the wider work TfL is carrying out across London to deliver the recommendations of the Mayor’s Roads Task Force (RTF), an
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independent body that believes the capital needs a long-term strategy for roads and a commitment to major investment in street management and urban design. In June 2011, the Upper Thames Street Tunnel in central London became the first UK tunnel to have linear LED lighting, cutting energy consumption by 60 per cent as well as reducing maintenance costs. TfL has now installed a similar system in the A2 Eltham Tunnel and plans a programme of installations in all tunnels across London during the next five years.
Transport for London red routes
Lighting Journal February 2014
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Obtrusive light
Obtrusive light: future measures
Peter Raynham looks at what needs to be done to improve guidance on light control
Lighting Journal February 2014
Obtrusive light
F
or many years the ILP has published Guidance Notes for the Reduction and Control of Obtrusive Light, the latest version being published in 2011. The guidance notes give a lot of good advice but at their core is a system that defines zones by the amount of stray light that may be expected and then limits some lighting parameters in those areas. In setting up such a system of control, the ILP and its predecessors obviously did a very good job as the system has been adopted by the CIE and has found its way into a number of European Standards. The zone definitions and the lighting limits are given in tables one and two. There are a lot of notes and explanation of the symbols in the table (for details see www.theilp.org.uk/ documents/obtrusive-light/). In March last year the ILP organised a forum to discuss obtrusive light and the guidance notes (see Lighting Journal April 2013). At the forum the general opinion was that limits on sky glow, light intrusion and building luminance all worked well. Moreover, people understood the limits and how to predict and measure the performance of an installation against the limits. However, when it came to
Environmental Zone
Sky Glow ULR [Max%](1)
luminaire intensity limits it was clear that people did not find them effective. What’s more, they were often hard to assess at design time and impossible to measure in the field. So to improve the present system of obtrusive light control it will be necessary to replace the current intensity limits with another set of limits based on a different metric. Any such metric must have three key properties: • It must reflect the disruption to the environment caused by the obtrusive light source • It must be predictable at design time • It must be measureable in the field The new metric needs to relate to the disruption to night-time viewing of a particular scene – this could be considered as a low level of discomfort glare. So if we chose a metric that was related to glare it is likely that it would correlate well with the subjective problem. It has been found that retinal illuminance is the best predictor of discomfort glare. Retinal illuminance is not a metric that is familiar to many lighting engineers, but basically it describes the illuminance on the back of the eye due to a particular light source. It is controlled by two parameters: the size
Light Intrusion (into windows) Ev [lux] (2) Pre- curfew
Postcurfew
Luminaire Intensity [candelas] (3) Precurfew
Postcurfew
Building Luminance Pre-curfew (4)
Average, L [cd/sqm]
E0
0
0
0
0
0
0
E1
0
2
0 ( 1*)
2500
0
0
E2
2.5
5
1
7500
500
5
E3
5.0
10
2
10,000
1000
10
E4
15
25
5
25,000
2500
25
Table 1: Environmental zones Zone
Surrounding
E0
Protected
Lighting Environment Dark
Examples
E1
Natural
Intrinsically dark
E2
Rural
Low brightness district
E3
Suburban
Medium brightness Small town centres or district suburban locations
E4
Urban
High brightness district
Unesco Starlight Reserves, IDA Dark Sky Parks National parks, Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty and so on Village or relatively dark outer suburban locations
Town/city centres with high levels of night-time activity
Table 2 Obtrusive light limitations for exterior lighting installations
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of the pupil and the luminance of the object concerned. Pupil size is a function of ambient luminance – the more light there is then the smaller the pupil. The existing limits for obtrusive light are all based on environmental zones, each zone approximately relating to the average luminance that may be expected there. In each zone a particular luminance limit may well correlate with a particular retinal illuminance, so it is likely that source luminance may well correlate with the subjective impression of the nuisance caused by obtrusive lights. However, there is a major problem in using luminance as a criteria, which is that the eye does not fully resolve small glare sources. For example, if you are looking at a floodlight that is 300m away the angular size of the floodlight at your eye may only be two minutes of arc. As small targets are not resolved it means that for small sources the light is spread out across the retina and thus the glare sensation is reduced. The limits of resolution therefore need to be experimentally assessed. This size limit does add some complexity to the problem but this can be overcome. So the steps necessary to develop the luminance method of control are: • Experimentally assess the response to glare from small (less than five minutes of arc) glare sources • Develop a mathematical model of glare response to multiple glare sources close together • Develop a measurement system to assess luminance of lighting installations. This will be based on use of digital cameras and software to process the images to give effective luminance allowing for the limits of resolution of the eye • Assess a number of existing installations to select suitable limits to source luminance These four steps may sound quite simple, but each involves considerable work. It will therefore be necessary to apply to get research funding to do the work which is likely to take two years. However, the result will make a significant improvement to the current system for the control of obtrusive light. This feature is based on the presentation Peter Raynham gave at the Professional Lighting Summit in September 2013
Lighting Journal February 2014
Solid state
waste
The revised WEEE regulations, introduced this month, make LEDs formally part of the mix. Alex Hawkins, operations manager of Recolight, looks at what that means
Recycling
I
n December 2012, the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) laid the revised WEEE regulations in parliament. With this action, the UK became the first member state in the EU to transpose the European WEEE directive into law. The revised regulations, which came into effect on 1 January 2014, introduce mandatory collection targets for compliance schemes and the formal inclusion of LEDs within the lamps category. The new regulations put LED light sources and gas discharge lamps (GDLs) in the same category, helping to ensure that as the market transforms to LEDs, there will not be an orphan GDL waste stream. LEDs currently represent less than 0.1 per cent of the waste stream and this is entirely made up of retrofit lamps. Because they look the same as other lamps, they are collected with other GDLs and would go through the normal processing route, where the recovery rate is 80 per cent. The Environment Agency (EA) has taken the position that LEDs and GDLs can be co–collected, despite existing requirements that hazardous and non-hazardous waste should be separated. The sorting of this waste by users and recyclers is often difficult because GDLs and LED lamps look similar. Also, with such low levels of LEDs currently requiring recycling, user and recycler sortation would probably lead to this waste stream being disposed of in general waste rather than being recycled. Co-collection allows compliance schemes such as Recolight to ensure the waste is collected so that, in the longer term, when the percentage of LEDs in the waste stream rises, we already have a culture of collection. In principle, LEDs can be recycled with other WEEE as they do not contain mercury, and are therefore more similar in nature to other WEEE than to GDLs. Nevertheless, they should be treated as mercury-bearing lamps where they are co-collected, as there is a risk they may have some mercury contamination because breakages in general containers will cause some fugitive emissions. This position is reinforced within the CENELEC draft waste lamp treatment standard. However, with the involvement of Recolight in the development of the standard, an additional provision was included. This states that LEDs can be treated through a separate process, if
collected as a single LED-only load (and verified through the audit trail that confirms no mercury contamination). This allows the standard to be relevant now and also in the future when the level of LED waste is expected to grow. In theory, the recycling of LEDs should be straightforward, as they can be treated with other general WEEE products. Although LEDs contain rare earths, there is currently no drive to recover these as they exist in such minute quantities when compared with mobile phones and computers. Retrofit LED tubes can cause an issue for some lamp-recycling equipment because they don’t break up in the same way as a normal tube. However, the number of these currently collected is vanishingly small. They can be separated and manually dismantled like many luminaires, or they can be sent to a general WEEE processing plant.
‘Pressure on LA budgets means installing new LED systems is attractive because of the reduction in energy cost. This means larger amounts of lighting waste will now be generated’ Furthermore, due to their size, small retrofit LEDs can sometimes slip through a general WEEE shredder without being shredded. These are minor issues and because of the long lifespan of LEDs, there will be up to 10 years in which to develop specific treatment technology. The key task for now is to ensure that LEDs continue to be collected alongside GDLs, so they are available for processing as technologies and economic drivers develop. In the longer term, the convergence of lamps and luminaires into LED luminaires will mean one larger unit will be treated in the future. Investment in new treatment technology must take careful note of these developments in the lighting market. This means the key to recycling LEDs in the future is to focus on the collection of lamps
31
and luminaires today. The rate for separately collected luminaires in the UK is currently very low – in 2012 it was just 0.6 per cent, compared to a lamp collection rate of 39.5 per cent. This rate needs to be rapidly improved so that as an industry we are ready to treat LED luminaires appropriately when they, too, start to reach end of life. Street lighting LED luminaires are now being rolled out in increasing quantities across the UK. This is resulting in larger quantities of waste street lanterns and waste discharge lamps. This means it will be important in the future to continue to collect waste LED luminaires, when they arise. That will give us the option to try to treat them to extract critical LED components, if technologically and economically appropriate. Today, domestic LEDs are collected in small quantities through Household Waste Recycling Centres. Local authorities have a part to play in recycling lighting waste now and LED lighting waste in the future. Co-collection means local authorities don’t have the burden of providing separate containers for LEDs but can still encourage householders to recycle their lamps. LAs are instrumental in creating the culture of collection so that appropriate action can be taken when LEDs are a greater part of the waste stream. Pressure on local authority budgets means that installing new LED lighting systems is attractive because of the reduction in energy cost. This means larger amounts of lighting waste will now be generated. In summary, the government’s decision to make a provision in the revised WEEE regulation to include LEDs within the lamps category should prevent an orphan waste stream. Co-collection of LED lamps and discharge lamps ensures that we will have access to LED lamps for separate recycling, as they become an increasing proportion of the waste stream in years to come. Professional guidance in recycling will be continue to be necessary on issues such as correct sorting methods, a continued (if reduced) presence of hazardous materials and the need to recycle retrofit LED tubes. In addition to the collection of domestic LEDs by local authorities, Recolight is able to collect both lamps and luminaires, and ensure they are recycled to the appropriate standard.
Lighting Journal February 2014
Mirror, mirror on the wall
Photography: Simon Wood Photography
Sydney’s first heliostat reflects the city’s artistic side
Lighting Journal February 2014
Light art
M
ost heliostats are strictly functional but the Sea Mirror, or Miroir de Mer, by French conceptual lighting artist Yann Kersalé, is also an artwork. Sydney’s first heliostat, an imposing cantilevred affair, is incorporated into the $2bn Central Park high-rise development in Chippendale, part of the Australian city’s southern central business district. During the day, the heliostat captures sunlight through the large mirrored panels on the roof of One Central Park’s smaller West tower. The light is then bounced to the mirrored panels fixed to the framework that protrudes from the higher East tower, and reflected into the precinct’s retail atrium, pool terrace and the adjoining parklands. The 320 individual mirror plates of the heliostat also each contain nine LED fittings, 2880 in all, individually programmed to create a dynamic
artwork from dusk until 10pm every Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday night. The light show reflects the four seasons and each sequence is designed to capture the changing colours of Sydney Harbour. ‘A rotating series of images of reflections of the sun on the water will take shape via lights on the heliostat,’ explains Kersalé. ‘The variations will be in relation to the shades and colour tones of Sydney’s harbour. It will not be a live projection but a capture of sea substance and light sparkles on site, which will then be worked on. The installation is an allegory, a symbol of the sea in the city.’ The construction and installation of the Sea Mirror was down to a collaboration of Sydney-based construction engineers and lighting specialists including Kennovations, Arup, Watpac and Xenian on behalf of the joint-venture developers.
33
34
Future concept
Glowing with the flow A Mexican answer to using vehicles to power lighting
Lighting Journal February 2014
T
he idea of using the pressure of cars on the road surface to generate sufficient electricity to power, say, the street lighting has been kicking around for a while, but a Mexican entrepreneur reckons that he has come up with a cheaper way to achieve it. ‘This is a technology that provides sustainable energy and could be implemented at low prices, since it’s a complement of already existing infrastructure: the concrete of streets and avenues,’ says Héctor Ricardo Macías Hernández (pictured above), developer of the system, according to research news website AlphaGalileo. Piezoelectric floors, which convert mechanical stress into an electric current, are used in European countries, for instance, but they are too expensive for developing countries, he says. His concept is based on a ramp and bellows system. A ramp, made of a tough polymer similar to that used for tyres, sits 5cm proud of the road surface. A vehicle going over it pushes the ramp down which in turn puts pressure on bellows sitting underneath. The expelled air travels through a hose and is then compressed in a storage tank. This stored compressed air is ultimately fed into a turbine, generating electricity. The accumulation of electric energy is obviously proportional to the flow of cars over the ramps so areas with low traffic flow would have multiple ramps, suggests Macías Hernández, to generate more electricity from each individual vehicle. He believes that the technology could also be used for locations with high pedestrian flow – an obvious application would be subways, for example.
The system is currently still in development, with the financial support of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property (IMPI). Variations on the principle have been looked at in the UK. One example was a proposition to generate electricity from speed bumps back in 2008. The high-tech sleeping policemen, invented by Peter Hughes, were designed to power street lights, traffic lights and road signs. The ramps, which at the time cost between £20,000 and £55,000, consisted of a series of panels set in a pad virtually flush to the road. Traffic passing over them set a cog in motion under the road, which then turned a motor, producing mechanical energy. Hughes calculated that a steady stream of traffic passing over the bump could generate 10-36kW of power, producing between £1 and £3.60 of energy an hour for up to 16 hours a day, or between £5840 and £21,024 a year. With a steady flow of traffic, four of the ramps used as speed bumps would be enough to power all the street lights, traffic lights and road signs for a mile-long stretch of street, said Hughes. They were set to be trialled by Ealing Borough Council, but unfortunately the concept never got off the ground, as it were. ‘The funding was for a very limited trial and it was decided not to go ahead in the end as it was very expensive and involved untried technology,’ says a spokesperson for Ealing council. www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=13689 5&CultureCode=en
Lighting Journal February 2014
36
Inside the ILP
Grass roots In his latest look at the workings of the ILP, Richard Frost focuses on the regions
O
n 14 January we held the first of the biennial meetings between the executive board and regional officers so it is timely to take a look at this crucial element of the ILP structure which is the basis of the institution’s ‘family life’. The ILP’s regional structure comprises seven semi-autonomous regions: • Irish (Northern and Republic of Ireland) • London and South Eastern • Midland • Northern • North Eastern • Scottish • Western
Lighting Journal February 2014
The officers attending meetings with the board are usually (but not always) the regional secretary and vice chair. Meetings are held a few months prior to the annual round of regional AGMs and then in June to ensure that incoming chairs get an equal chance to engage with the board at national level. This is of great importance as many vice chairs may not have been involved in any national committee or forum and therefore may not be totally au fait with how the institution functions nationally, and how regional and national activities and priorities have to fit together. For many years the institution has enabled regions to function semi-autonomously. The regions are encouraged to operate individually but as integral parts of the corporate whole. This makes the regional officers’ meetings an essential part of the process of ensuring coordination and information flow between the regional and national components of the ILP. Each region has its own chair, secretary and treasurer, and councillor, and its own regional committee which is responsible for delivering a technical programme at local level for the educational benefit of the members. Each region holds an annual AGM and activities are governed by a set of rules agreed jointly by all regions with council, and subject to occasional review and revision. There is therefore a communal framework within which the regions operate but one which is flexible enough to allow regions to cater specifically for their own members in ways that are best suited to local circumstances. For example, technical meetings organised by the London and South Eastern Region are generally held in the afternoon while in the North East they usually take place in the evening. Some regions levy a small charge to attend meetings, others do not. Some of them hold meetings almost monthly, while the larger regions, in geographical terms – Scotland and Ireland, for instance – tend to meet only twice a year. This flexible arrangement in general works well for the ILP regions but the relationship with council, vice presidents and the executive board is essential to ensure good communications and that the regional
and national agendas are ‘joined up’. The regions have no legal or financial status. In these terms there is only one ILP and it is the institution that has decided to divide itself into seven constituent parts. Therefore what happens regionally happens nationally, and the executive board and council hold ultimate responsibility for what happens and what is said at regional level. The regions receive an annual grant from central funds on a percapita basis which is purely to facilitate the organisation of regional technical sessions. Most regions supplement this income in some way, sometimes through a regional levy, or through income from social events, and also through support from sponsorship, which enables them to organise more wide-ranging regional programmes. The regional secretaries play a key role in keeping the regions operational and ensuring the smooth running of local committees and programmes. The regional councillors are absolutely essential in liaising between their regions and the corporate centre through the biannual council meetings. Councillors are responsible for feeding in suggestions and requests from their regional committees which, in turn, seek to glean what the grass roots membership is seeking from the ILP. In this way the members of the institution can have a direct influence on national policy through the committee and their councillors. Any individual member can make a request or a suggestion which may be referred to a regional or national officer, a vice president or directly to the council itself. Of course this is all well and good in an ideal world. In recent times, however, it has proved more difficult to encourage members to engage proactively with the ILP at either regional or national level. The pressures of the day job and the effects of the recession have impacted on all professional bodies, not just the ILP. As the economic situation seems to be about to ease we hope that more members will begin to appreciate the value and benefits of becoming more involved in their institution. All the necessary structure is in place and it is incumbent on national and regional officers to encourage members to use it.
HOW HOW TO TO BE BE
BRILLIANT Especially for new designers, apprentices, interns, students and new entrants to the lighting profession.
These are free, fun, friendly, accessible get togethers with a different focus each month. Expert speakers will cover the details of your lighting career that formal training may not have covered. With talks, workshops, refreshments and a chance to meet up with others in the same boat, How To Be Brilliant is hosted by acdc in their London studio and organised by the Institution of Lighting Professionals.
If you’d like to get on the guest list please email jo@theilp.org.uk
Features for March Issue LEDs vs the rest, part 2
Thomas Paterson on the results of a specially commissioned study
Solar-powered lighting Still a sunrise industry?
Recruitment
AREA SALES MANAGER VACANCY
Simmonsigns Limited are looking to recruit an Area Sales Manager for the Midlands & London Area. All candidates should have a good knowledge of the road lighting/signage marketplace, associated industry standards and requirements and would be expected to be able to: •
Maintain and increase sales of the company’s products
•
Service the needs of existing customers
• • •
Establish, maintain and expand their customer base
Increase business opportunities through various routes to market Be willing and able to produce reports, data and presentations where relevant to customers and senior management within Simmonsigns Limited.
Interested candidates should forward a copy of their current CV to HR@simmonsigns.co.uk
39
40...Vice presidents’ column
Stepping up Upgrading has never been easier, says Guy Harding, VP membership
I
n September last year, I took over the post of VP membership from Mark Cooper. For those of you who do not know me, a quick potted history of my lighting credentials may be in order. I have been working in lighting since 1998 and spent 16 years with Urbis/Schréder. I worked in consultancy for 18 months at Jacobs before returning to manufacturing with my current company, Woodhouse. I have been an ILP member for almost all of that time and have lectured on the Exterior Lighting Diploma since 1995. I started helping out with membership interviews back in 2008 and joined the membership committee and the membership assessment panel back in 2010. One of my first tasks was to refresh our membership committee and pool of assessors for new applications. Following a request for new volunteers, I was overwhelmed with 40-plus
Lighting Journal February 2014
responses for a maximum of six places. We are now well-equipped with suitable assessors covering a wide range of lighting disciplines allowing us to fairly evaluate new applicants in all fields of lighting. For those of you who were not successful, there are many other ways you can help the ILP – just ask any of the other vice presidents or your regional committee. Looking to the future, I am building on the excellent work Mark started in streamlining the membership process. Since taking office I have been very encouraged by the growth in membership numbers. It started with a sudden increase in former members rejoining in the final quarter of last year. This was followed by an extremely successful LuxLive exhibition where I spent a very enjoyable two days on the ILP stand and met many new people. We signed up 11 new members on the stand and had strong expressions of group membership from more than 60 other people. At the time of writing, 36 of these have now joined, all using membership of the ILP as one way of demonstrating their competence. One of my jobs on the committee was to set up the process of enabling successful candidates on the Exterior Lighting Diploma to register with the Engineering Council as EngTech, with candidates only needing to provide documented evidence of CPD and an employer reference. Now, following my lectures on module three of the diploma I get the opportunity to encourage candidates to complete module four and achieve registration. This route has proved very successful and is by far our highest category of new registrations. It really is rewarding to help young professionals gain their first step towards professional recognition. In addition to this, I would really like to focus on helping our existing members upgrade their membership. There are many of you out there with affiliate or associate member status who have gained valuable experience in lighting over the years and would benefit from a higher grade of membership. People may have been put off in the past by what they see as a complex or daunting process. The process of upgrading has never been easier: first, visit our website and fill out an application form which needs signing by a proposer and seconder. These do not need to
There are many of you out there with valuable experience who would benefit from a higher grade of membership be ILP members, just professional people who know your involvement in lighting. Accompanying this should be an extended CV covering your past three years’ involvement with lighting, plus evidence of any higher education you may have. Finally, we ask to see your CPD records for the past two years and a plan for the next year. This information is then passed to a panel of three assessors who will recommend the grade of membership you are suitable for. In a small minority of cases they may recommend that more experience is needed or that an educational course such as the ELD is completed prior to proceeding. It is at this stage that a competency statement is required. This details your experience and responsibility in lighting, and will cover projects that you are involved in, or your day-today work in design, maintenance, manufacture or other lighting discipline. This should be crossreferenced to the core competencies required for the membership grade. Details of these competencies and example statements are available on our website. Candidates with a suitable educational background will then be invited for interview. Otherwise we will ask you for a technical report which will go into detail on your technical competence. It can be on a wide range of subjects and once the synopsis is agreed it will need to show your knowledge of lighting principles, your judgement and your involvement. Again advice on this can be found on the ILP website. Once your technical report is complete and approved you will be invited for interview, first on your technical report and then, if successful, this will immediately be followed by a professional review interview. Successful completion leads to the award of full ILP membership. Full details and advice on any stage of upgrading are available, not only on our website but in person from our membership services manager, Chantal O’Sullivan.
For your design and print call Gary on 01536 527297
42
Products
What’s new Trilux E-Line
Designed for both new and retrofit installations, the E-Line LED gear tray can be integrated, without using tools, into existing T5 and T8 mounting rails. The fitting comes with various optics, colour temperatures and luminous flux packages between 4000lm and 6500lm, with efficacy up to 119 lm/W (L80/B10). www.trilux/com/uk/
Xicato
XSM 4000
Xicato has introduced its latest corrected cold phosphor LED module designed to replace high-output ceramic metal halide lamps. The 4000lm XSM 4000 is aimed at high ceiling and accent lighting applications that need centre-beams of 30,000cd and greater or very narrow beams. The Standard Series module is available in 3000K, 3500K and 4000K versions. www.xicato.com
Intematix
ChromaLit Linear
A highly uniform remote phosphor LED replacement for fluorescent tubes, ChromaLit won the innovation category for light sources in the recent Lux Awards. Capable of up to 2500lm per 30cm (length can be variable), efficacy is up to 163lm/W when used with the most efficient blue LEDs available. Colour temperature options are 3000K to 5000K with minimum 80 CRI and within a 3-step MacAdam ellipse. www.intematix.com
Lighting Journal February 2014
Products
43
Light Projects ArtLED
A new spotlight range designed for the museum and art sectors, ArtLED uses the latest Xicato XSM 1300lm Artist series LED (95 CRI). It has a wall wash reflector which allows the fitting to be used for a range of different lighting tasks and applications. Other features include a glare guard baffle for both narrow and medium reflectors, and a forward throw heat sink, designed by Light Projects, to ensure the cool running of the module while maximising the reflector depth. A proprietary ‘easy clip’ cassette makes changing reflectors and adding accessories quicker and easier. Beam reflector options are 14, 27 and 52 degrees, and the fitting is offered with a self-dim facility, 1-10V and Dali. ArtLED is compatible with many existing single and three-circuit tracks from companies including Eutrac, Erco, Staff, Concord (Lytespan 3), iGuzzini and Hoffmeister, as well as Concord and Global Pro LS1 tracks. It is also suitable for ceiling and wall mounting. www.lightprojects.co.uk
Artemide
PAD 80 PAD 80 is a modular ceiling fitting designed by Carlotta de Bevilacqua primarily for retail and display applications. The extruded aluminium body, measuring 80mm x 80mm x 20mm, also works as a heat sink. A translucent plastic frame holds different lenses (narrow 2 x 5 degrees, medium 2 x 10 degrees, wide 2 x 20 degrees), to create a diffused lighting effect. The fitting, which offers 70lm/W, is available in fixed or adjustable versions, the latter allowing adjustment of 360 degrees on the vertical axis and 90 degrees on the horizontal. There are three finishes: gloss aluminium, white or black, and two mounting options: recessed and wall/ceiling; the recessed version is available trimless and with trim. www.artemide.com
Philips
InstantFit
The 1600lm InstantFit is Philips’ latest addition to its range of LED replacements for fluorescent tubes. The wide variety of electronic drivers that exist in fluorescent tube lamps means there is usually a need to rewire the driver to replace the tubes with LED versions. The InstantFit tube speeds up installation time, says Philips, because it doesn’t involve rewiring as it includes a smart electronic design compatible with existing drivers, ballasts and sockets. www.philips.com/instantfit
Lighting Journal February 2014
44
Light on the past: 11
The golden age Simon Cornwell looks at the dawn of the sodium lamp
On 1 December 1932, invited guests, delegates and dignitaries assembled at Purley Way, Croydon, for a short inaugural ceremony followed by a celebratory dinner at the neighbouring Croydon Aerodrome. The event was curtly summarised by FN RendellBaker, chief engineer and general manager of the Electricity Department, Croydon, in the APLE’s annual report: ‘The first installation of sodium lamps for street lighting purposes in this country was inaugurated in Purley Way, Croydon. A length of one mile of this bypass road, carrying the main London-Brighton traffic, is equipped with 60 Philips sodium lamps, each of 100W capacity, mounted in special directional fittings providing a screened light source.The light radiated is of a monochromatic character giving exceptional visual acuity. No attempt has been made to produce a white light on the bypass road, which is not a shopping thoroughfare; but the new lighting is considered very suitable for fast motor traffic.’ While GEC had been trying to perfect mercury discharge lamps for road lighting, Philips had been working hard on developing a sodium discharge lamp as an alternative. Like GEC, the firm had experimentally shown the possibilities, but was labouring with a multitude of problems. There was the attack of hot sodium vapour on the glassware, the sealing of electrodes, heat retention within the lamp itself and the high starting voltage. By 1931, the company had produced a commercial lamp which overcame these problems, but not without some expensive constructional and
The first trial of the Philora DC lamp in the Netherlands. It was used in just two installations before being superseded by the Philora DA-90
Lighting Journal February 2014
cumbersome electrical requirements. The Philora DC was a curiously short lamp with two large electrodes, a fourpin valve base and detachable Dewar vacuum jacket. As the name implied, the lamp required a DC current, to both keep the electrodes hot and to stop sodium ions migrating along the arc tube and attacking the weak electrode seals. Extra wiring and gear was needed for preheating the electrodes to facilitate starting. Philips arranged the first public demonstration of the technology on 28 June 1932. Thirty lamps were installed along a 1.6km stretch of the road between Beek and Geleen in the Netherlands. It operated at 15V 5.5A and achieved an impressive system efficacy of 38.5lm/W. Initially the municipal authorities were hesitant about the colour and were reluctant for the trial to go ahead, but Dr AF Philips pushed for the installation, agreeing to remove it at Philips’ expense if public opinion turned against it. At first there was hilarity about the ‘queer yellow lamps’ but motorists soon saw their benefits (good visibility, less glare and ‘better’ performance in fog). Therefore the trial installation was kept and was quickly followed by similar installations in the Scheldt Tunnel and Apeldoorn the same year. Philips would have been all too aware that GEC beat it by a matter of days with its trial showcase of mercury discharge lamps along East Road, Wembley (22 June 1932). Therefore it had to move fast before GEC unveiled its first real installation. The company’s UK base had been established in 1925 in offices near Purley Way, one of the first modern bypasses in the UK, home of the futuristic Croydon Aerodrome and also plagued by a high accident rate – what better road to install the new sodium technology? Local lighting engineer FN Rendell-Baker was forward-looking, and not averse to showcasing new ideas, and probably didn’t require too much persuading. Philips was extremely busy during the next five months. The LV Philora DC lamp was made obsolete by a new high voltage, long-arc AC alternative; the main arc tubing was folded into a compact double-twist that both
retained heat and allowed a longer arc tube which could be run on alternating current. It still required a multi-pin cap, with separate connections for electrode heating, but the lamp itself could be driven by a transformer from the mains supply. Christened the Philora DA-90, 60 were installed in a staggered formation along the stretch of Purley Way outside the aerodrome in custom-built lanterns. The inauguration was a huge success and drivers quickly took to the new lighting. Major Richard, writing for the Municipal Journal, summed up current thinking: ‘With the new system one can drive practically as fast by night without headlamps as one can by day. The system entirely gets over the question of whether or not to use headlamps. In fact, there is a notice at each end of the Purley Way stretch requesting motorists The Philora DA-90 lamp as used in the Purley Way scheme. to turn their The D designated the doubly headlamps folded arc tube (a concept off on later resurrected with the CFL) entering that with the A representing the first generation of this section of alternating-current lamp the road. ‘One is now able to drive more by observing the complete outline of other cars than by the suggestion given by their lamps,’ he continued. ‘Another great advantage is that the new lamps do not dazzle the driver.’ So Philips won the race and was the first manufacturer to install nonshowcase discharge lighting on a UK road. Yet there were still question marks over the technology: the DA-90 remained complex, requiring two electrical supplies; there were no standardised lanterns; and GEC was about to mass market its competing Osira lamp and new lanterns. But Purley Way became ingrained in the public imagination with many driving there to experience the new lighting. The proud progenitor of the bypass also became known as the Golden Way in appreciation of its novel sodium illumination.
Consultants Steven Biggs IEng MILP
These pages give details of suitably qualified, individual members of the Institution of Lighting Professionals (ILP) who offer consultancy services. Listing is included on main ILP website with logo (www.theilp.org.uk)
IEng MILP
Technical Lead for Lighting Design
Team Principals
Skanska Infrastructure Services
WSP
Dodson House, Fengate Peterborough PE1 5FS
Unit 9, The Chase, John Tate Road, Foxholes Business Park, Hertford SG13 7NN
T: +44 (0) 1733 453432 E: steven.biggs@skanska.co.uk W: www.skanska.co.uk Award winning professional multi-disciplinary lighting design consultants. Extensive experience in technical design and delivery across all areasof construction, including highways, public realm and architectural projects. Providing energy efficient design and solutions.
Lorraine Calcott IEng MILP MSLL MIoD It Does Ltd Milton Keynes Business Centre, Foxhunter Drive, Linford Wood, Milton Keynes, MK14 6GD
T: 01908 698869 M: 07990 962692 E: Information@itdoes.co.uk W: www.itdoes.co.uk Professional award winning international lighting designer Lorraine Calcott creates dynamic original lighting schemes from a sustainable and energy management perspective. Helping you meet your energy targets, reduce bottom line cost and increase your ‘Green’ corporate image whilst still providing the wow factor with your interior, exterior or street lighting project.
Mark Chandler EngTech AMILP
MMA Lighting Consultancy Ltd 99 Old Bath Road, Summer Field House Charvil, Reading RG10 9QN
T: 0118 3215636, M: 07838 879 604, F: 0118 3215636 E: mark@mma-consultancy.co.uk W: www.mma-consultancy.co.uk MMA Lighting Consultancy is an independent company specialising in Exterior Lighting and Electrical Design work. We are based in the South of England and operate on a national scale delivering street lighting and lighting design solutions.
John Conquest
MA BEng(Hons) CEng MIET MILP
T: 07825 843524 E: colin.fish@wspgroup.com W: www.wspgroup.com Professional services providing design and technical support for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways and associated infrastructure. Expert surveys and environmental impact assessments regarding the effect of lighting installations and their effect on the community.
Are you an individual member of the ILP? Do you offer lighting consultancy? Make sure you are listed here Call Julie on 01536 527295 for details
BSc (Hons) CEng FILP MIMechE Designs for Lighting Ltd 17 City Business Centre, Hyde Street, Winchester SO23 7TA
T: 01962 855080 M: 07790 022414 E: alistair@designsforlighting.co.uk W: designsforlighting.co.uk Professional lighting design consultancy providing technical advice, design and management services for exterior and interior applications including highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting. Advisors on lighting and energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.
Stephen Halliday
Alan Jaques
Anthony Smith
Team Principals
Sector Leader – Exterior Lighting
Director
EngTech AMILP WSP
The Victoria,150-182 The Quays, Salford, Manchester M50 3SP
T: 0161 886 2532 E: stephen.halliday@wspgroup.com W: www.wspgroup.com Public and private sector professional services providing design, technical support, contract and policy development for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways. PFI technical advisor and certifier support. HERS registered site personnel.
Philip Hawtrey BTech IEng MILP MIET Technical Director
Mouchel Severn House, Lime Kiln Close, Stoke Gifford, Bristol, BS34 8SQ
T: 0117 9062300, F: 0117 9062301 M: 07789 501091 E: philip.hawtrey@mouchel.com W: www.mouchel.com Widely experienced professional technical consultancy services in exterior lighting and electrical installations, providing sustainable and innovative solutions, environmental assessments, ‘Invest to Save’ strategies, lighting policies, energy procurement, inventory management and technical support. PFI Technical Advisor, Designer and Independent Certifier.
IEng MILP Atkins
Broadgate House, Broadgate,Beeston, Nottingham, NG9 2HF
T: +44 (0)115 9574900 M: 07834 507070 F: +44 (0)115 9574901 E: alan.jaques@atkinsglobal.com The consultancy offers a professional exterior lighting service covering all aspects of the sector, including design, energy management, environmental impact assessments and the development of lighting strategies and policies. It also has an extensive track record for PFI projects and their indepedent certification.
Michael Leech BEng CEng MILP MIET Director
Mmas Partnership Limited Sunnyside, Main Road, Icklesham East Sussex TN36 4BS
T: 07450 928065 E: mick.leech@mmaspartnership.co.uk W: www.mmaspartnership.co.uk Mmas Partnership offer a flexible range of-service to our clients.We cover policy documents, feasibility studies,specifications, design, overseeing, commissioning and testing, site evaluations, asset management, energy management, project management, Technical advice, cable network design.
IEng FILP
Stainton Lighting Design Services Ltd Lighting & Electrical Consultants, Dukes Way, Teesside Industrial Estate, Thornaby Cleveland TS17 9LT
T: 01642 766114 F: 01642 765509 E: enquiries@staintonlds.co.uk Specialist in all forms of exterior lighting including; Motorway, Major & Minor Highway Schemes, Architectural Illumination of Buildings, Major Structures, Public Artworks, Amenity Area Lighting, Public Open Spaces, Car Parks, Sports Lighting, Asset Management, Reports, Plans, Strategies, EIA’s, Planning Assistance, Maintenance Management, Electrical Design and Communication Network Design.
Nick Smith IEng MILP
Nick Smith Associates Limited 36 Foxbrook Drive, Chesterfield, S40 3JR
T: 01246 229444 F: 01246 270465 E: nws@nicksmithassociates.com W: www.nicksmithassociates.com Specialist exterior lighting design Consultant. Private or adoptable lighting and cable network design for highways, car parks, area lighting, lighting impact assessments, expert witness. CPD accredited training in lighting design, Lighting Reality, AutoCAD and other bespoke lighting courses arranged on request.
Allan Howard
Tony Price
Alan Tulla
Technical Director (Lighting)
Capita
Alan Tulla Lighting
BEng(Hons) CEng FILP
4way Consulting Ltd
WSP
Fernbank House, Tytherington Business Park, Macclesfield, SK10 2XA.
WSP House, 70 Chancery Lane, London WC2A 1AF
T: 01625 348349 F: 01625 610923 M: 07526 419248 E: john.conquest@4wayconsulting.com W: www.4wayconsulting.com
T: 07827 306483 E: allan.howard@wspgroup.com W: www.wspgroup.com
4way Consulting provides exterior lighting and ITS consultancy and design services and specialises in the urban and inter-urban environment. Our services span the complete Project Life Cycle for both the Public and Private Sector (including PFI/DBFO).
Alistair Scott
Colin Fish
Professional exterior lighting and electrical services covering design, technical support, contract and policy development including expert advice regarding energy and carbon reduction strategies, lighting efficiency legislation, light nuisance and environmental impact investigations. Registered competent designers and HERS registered site personnel.
BSc (Hons) CEng MILP MSLL Capita House, Wood Street, East Grinstead, West Sussex RH19 1UU
T: 01342 327161 F: 01342 315927 E: tony.price@capita.co.uk W: www.capita.co.uk/infrastructure Chartered engineer leading a specialist lighting team within a multi-disciplinary environment. All aspects of exterior and public realm lighting, especially roads, tunnels, amenity and sports. Planning advice, environmental assessment, expert witness, design, technical advice, PFIs, independent certification.
IEng FILP FSLL
12 Minden Way, Winchester, Hampshire SO22 4DS
T: 01962 855720 M:0771 364 8786 E: alan@alantullalighting.com W: www.alantullalighting.com Architectural lighting for both interior and exterior. Specialising in public realm, landscaping and building facades. Site surveys and design verification of sports pitches, road lighting and offices. Visual impact assessments and reports for planning applications. Preparation of nightscape strategies for urban and rural environments. CPDs and lighting training.
Neither Lighting Journal nor the ILP is responsible for any services supplied or agreements entered into as a result of this listing.
LIGHTING DIRECTORY ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING
COLUMN INSPECTION & TESTING
CUT OUTS & ISOLATORS
ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION
Kiwa CMT Testing Non-destructive testing at the root, base, swaged joint and full visual inspection of steel lighting columns. Techniques employed include the unique Relative Loss of Section meter and Swaged Joint Analyser in addition to the traditional Magnetic Particle inspection and Ultra Sonics where appropriate. Unit 5 Prime Park Way Prime Enterprise Park Derby DE1 3QB Tel 01332 383333 Fax 01332 602607
CONTACT JULIE BLAND 01536 527297 BANNERS WIND RELEASING
cmtenquiries@kiwa.co.uk www.kiwa.co.uk
DECORATIVE & FESTIVE LIGHTING
MACLEAN ELECTRICAL LIGHTING DIVISION Meadowfield, Ponteland, Northumberland, NE20 9SD, England Tel: +44 (0)1661 860001 Fax: +44 (0)1661 860002 Email: info@tofco.co.uk www.tofco.co.uk Manufacturers and Suppliers of Street lighting and Traffic Equipment • Fuse Units • Switch Fuse Units • Feeder Pillars and Distribution Panels • The Load Conditioner Unit (Patent Pending) • Accessories Contact: Kevin Doherty Commercial Director kevindoherty@tofco.co.uk If you would like to switch to Tofco Technology contact us NOW!
7 Drum Mains Park, Orchardton, Cumbernauld, G68 9LD Tel: 01236 458000 Fax: 01236 860555 email: steve.odonnell@maclean.co.uk Web site: www.maclean.co.uk
LIGHTING COLUMNS
LUCY LIGHTING Lucy Zodion manufactures and supplies a complete range of Electrical/ Electronic products for Streetlighting: • Vizion CMS
Specialist in high quality decorative and festive lighting. A full range of equipment is available for direct purchase or hire including unique firework lights, column motifs, cross road displays, festoon lighting and various tree lighting systems. Our services range from supply only of materials, hire, design and or total management of schemes. More information is available from: Head Office City Illuminations Ltd Griffin House, Ledson Road, Roundthorn Ind Est Manchester M23 9GP Tel: 0161 969 5767 Fax: 0161 945 8697 Email: dave@cityilluminations.co.uk
Business info: Specialist Stockist and Distributors of Road Lighting, Hazardous Area, Industrial/ Commercial/ Decorative lighting. We also provide custom-built distribution panels, interior and exterior lighting design using CAD.
METER ADMINISTRATION
• Feeder Pillars • Pre-Wired Pillars • Photocells • Cutouts/Isolators
Meter Administrator
• Electronic Ballasts
Power Data Associates Ltd are the leading meter administrator in Great Britain. We achieve accurate energy calculations assuring you of a cost effective quality service. Offering independent consultancy advice to ensure correct inventory coding, unmetered energy forecasting and impact of market developments.
• Cutouts/isolators • Lighting Controls Lucy Zodion Ltd, Station Road, Sowerby Bridge, HX6 3AF tel: 01422 317337 Email: sales@lucyzodion.co.uk
www.lucyzodion.com
01525 862690 info@PowerDataAssociates.com www.PowerDataAssociates.com Wrest Park, Silsoe, Beds MK45 4HR
EXTERIOR LIGHTING Designers and manufacturers of street and amenity lighting.
CONTACT JULIE BLAND 01536 527297
319 Long Acre Nechells Birmingham UK B7 5JT t: +44(0)121 678 6700 f: +44(0)121 678 6701 e: sales@candela.co.uk
candela L I G H T
LIGHTING CONTACT JULIE BLAND 01536 527297
CONTACT JULIE BLAND 01536 527297 LIGHTING CONTROLS
LUCY LIGHTING Lucy Zodion manufactures and supplies a complete range of Electrical/Electronic products for Streetlighting: • Vizion CMS • Feeder Pillars • Pre-Wired Pillars • Photocells • Cutouts/Isolators • Electronic Ballasts • Cutouts/isolators • Lighting Controls Lucy Zodion Ltd, Station Road, Sowerby Bridge, HX6 3AF tel: 01422 317337 Email: sales@lucyzodion.co.uk www.lucyzodion.com
SHATTER RESISTANT LAMP COVERS
Holscot Fluoroplastics Ltd Fluorosafe shatter resistant covers – Manufactured from high molecular weight Fluoroplastic material whose lifespan exceeds all maximum quoted lifespans for any fluorescent Lamps. Holscot supply complete covered lamps or sleeves only for self fitting.
LIGHT MEASURING EQUIPMENT
TRAINING SERVICES
CPD Accredited Training • AutoCAD (basic or advanced) • Lighting Reality • AutoluxLighting Standards • Lighting Design Techniques • Light Pollution • Tailored Courses please ring Venues by arrangement
HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS LTD Suppliers of a wide range of quality light measuring and photometric equipment. HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS LTD PO Box 210 Havant, PO9 9BT Tel: 07900 571022 E-mail: enquiries@ hagnerlightmeters.com www.hagnerlightmeters.com
CONTACT JULIE BLAND 01536 527297
Contact Nick Smith Alma Park Road, Alma Park Industrial Estate, Grantham, Lincs, NG31 9SE Contact: Martin Daff, Sales Director Tel: 01476 574771 Fax: 01476 563542 Email: martin@holscot.com www.holscot.com
Nick Smith Associates Ltd 36 Foxbrook Drive, Chesterfield, S40 3JR t: 01246 229 444 f: 01246 270 465 e : mail@nicksmithassociates.com w: www.nicksmithassociates.com
Diary 2014 18
13
30
Trotter Paterson Lecture Vision Impossible Speaker: Sir Colin Blakemore Venue: Bishopsgate Institute, London EC2 Time: 5.30-9pm Free, but registration necessary www.sll.org.uk
Fundamental Lighting Electrical Course (One-day course on basic electrical practices and principles for outdoor lighting schemes and other electrical street furniture Venue: ILP, Regent House, Rugby Prices as above Contact: jess@theilp.org.uk
SLL Masterclass: Quality Up Energy Down Venue: Royal Concert Halls, Glasgow www.sll.org.uk
February
March
19
18
How to Specify Office Lighting Mid Career College Venue: CIBSE, London SW1 www.cibsetraining.co.uk/mcc
New British Standard for Lighting BS5489 Venue: ILP, Regent House, Rugby Prices as above Contact: jo@theilp.org.uk
February
23-26
February
LED China 2014 (Partnered by the ILP) Venue: China Import and Export Fair Pazhou Complex, Area B, Guangzhou www.ledchina-gz.com/
25-27
February
Strategies in Light Exhibition and conference Venue: Santa Clara Convention Center, Santa Clara, California www.strategiesinlight.com
March
18
March
Lighting Legislation (including daylight) Mid Career College Venue: CIBSE, London SW12 www.cibsetraining.co.uk/mcc
18
March
Ready Steady Light Venue: Rose Bruford College, Sidcup, Kent www.sll.org.uk
27
19
SLL Masterclass: Quality Up Energy Down Venue: Leeds Art Gallery, Leeds www.sll.org.uk
Fundamental LED Course (One-day course on the technology, the benefits and how to apply them) Venue: ILP, Regent House, Rugby Prices as above Contact: jo@theilp.org.uk
February
4-6
March
Ecobuild (including ILP Lightscene) Venue: ExCel, London E16 www.ecobuild.co.uk
11
March
Fundamental Lighting Course (One-day course on basics of light, lighting design and maintenance) Venue: ILP, Regent House, Rugby ILP member: £195 + VAT Non-member: £340 + VAT Contact: jess@theilp.org.uk
13
March
Lighting and Energy Efficiency Mid Career College Venue: CIBSE, London SW1 www.cibsetraining.co.uk/mcc
Full details of all regional events can be found at: www.theilp.org.uk/events/
March
20
March
Lighting Design Awards Venue: London Hilton, Park Lane www.lightingawards.com
27
March
SLL Masterclass: Quality Up Energy Down Venue: Queen’s University, Belfast www.sll.org.uk
30
March (-4 April)
Light and Building 2014 Venue: Messe Frankfurt www.light-building.messefrankfurt.com
April
7-9 May
Light in the City Location: Tatu, Estonia www.valonkaupunki.jyvaskyla.fi/english/ projects/lic/activities/tartu
8
May
Lightscene in Scotland Venue: TBC jo@theilp.org.uk
22
May
SLL Masterclass: Quality Up Energy Down Venue: RIBA, London W1 www.sll.org.uk
3-5
June
Lightfair Exhibition and IALD conference Las Vegas Convention Center www.lightfair.com
9-12 June
Guangzhou International Lighting Exhibition Venue: China Import and Export Fair Complex, Guangzhou www.light.messefrankfurt.com.cn
24
June
Surveyor and ILP Conference Venue: Prospero House, Borough High St, London SE1 jo@theilp.org.uk
3-5
September
Shanghai International Lighting Fair Venue: Shanghai New International Expo Centre www.light.messefrankfurt.com.cn
24-25
September
ILP Professional Lighting Summit Venue: St John’s Hotel, Solihull jess@theilp.org.uk
23-26 February: LED China 2014, Guangzhou
LIGHTING
JOURNAL
The Journal is read by key decision makers and specifiers in lighting. Make sure your products and services reach them in 2014.
Contact Julie for information on rates and features 01536 527297 julie@matrixprint.com
ADVERTISE IN THE LIGHTING JOURNAL
2014
Tuesday 4 – Thursday 6 March 2014 ExCeL, London www.ecobuild.co.uk
11,893
91%
visitors come to Ecobuild to see the lighting section as their main interest
of exhibitors say Ecobuild is important/very important to their business
73%
86%
of exhibitors say they met visitors they wouldn’t see elsewhere
of the top 50 architectural practices attended Ecobuild 2013* *AJ100 2013
Lighting at Ecobuild 2014 Be part of the future for sustainable design. 88% of our attendees rate Ecobuild as the UK’s best trade show in the marketplace. And our visitors should know - they are responsible for some of the most valuable projects around the world.
For further information please contact: Hamish Glendinning t: +44 (0)20 7560 4469 e: hamish.glendinning@ubm.com
ILP members’ discount
Save over 50% on a 3x2m stand at Ecobuild 2014. Only £1,500