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LIGHTING

JOURNAL

June 2013

The publication for all lighting professionals

Art of the city: columns to lift the community A solid-state case for office lighting? The latest guidance on high-mast lighting

Contents

Lighting Journal June 2013 03 EDITORIAL

34 A BARKING IDEA?

04 NEWS

38 A CENTURY OF

08 LIGHT MINDED/

LIGHT HEARTED

STANDARD BEARING

Nigel Parry reports on the centennial conference of the CIE in Paris

10 ART OF THE CITY

40 EXPANDING HORIZONS

How columns are lifting the community in south-east London. Jill Entwistle reports

15 HIGH-RISE DEVELOPMENTS

The new PLG07: David Lodge gives an update on the latest guidance for high-mast lighting

19 A SOLID-STATE CASE

FOR OFFICE LIGHTING?

Gavriil Papadiotis summarises his Bartlett MSc research on the photometric and financial benefits of LEDs for offices

29 BLENDING IN WITH THE SCENERY

Future concept: how close are we to the bioluminescent street light?

The winners of the 2013 IALD Lighting Design Awards

32 FAIR’S FLAIR

Chris Fordham gives his pick of the products at this year’s Euroluce exhibition in Milan

Mark Cooper, VP membership, on building quality and quantity

42 PRODUCTS 44 THE VISIBILITY

OF OBJECTS

Light in the past: 9 Simon Cornwell looks at how Jack Waldram took street lighting into a new era

45 CONSULTANTS’ DIRECTORY

46 LIGHTING DIRECTORY 48 DIARY

COVER PICTURE

HafenCity University Subway, Hamburg Pfarré Lighting Design See p29

Lighting Journal May 2013

Editorial Volume 78 No 6 June 2013 President Pete Lummis IEng MILP

here has been a long-held tradition in this country that the public can’t be trusted with anything nice in their cities. Give them something fancy and they’ll kick seven bells out of it. Or rather

certain elements of society with Visigoth tendencies will. The result has

Chief Executive Richard G Frost BA (Cantab) DPA FIAM

often been a utilitarian approach to street furnishings, including lighting

Editor Jill Entwistle Email: jill@theilp.org.uk

important if councils are not to be shelling out for

Editorial Board Tom Baynham Emma Cogswell IALD Mark Cooper IEng MILP Graham Festenstein MILP PLDA John Gorse BA (Hons) MSLL Eddie Henry MILP MCMI MBA Alan Jaques IEng MILP Keith Lewis, Nigel Parry IEng FILP Andrew Stoddart BEng (Hons) IEng MILP

emphasis on art and aesthetics. There has been

Advertising Manager Julie Bland Tel: 01536 527295 Email: julie@theilp.org.uk

hitherto-rundown neighbourhoods with a strong identity by creating street

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columns. There is also a further practical side, of course, as longevity and robustness is clearly new ones every five minutes. But in recent years, we have seen a change in our cities, with an increased a recognition that if you give people a dispiriting environment they are more likely to respond by at best neglecting it and at worst despoiling it. Give them something more inspirational and aspirational and they are more likely to respond positively and take pride in their surroundings. That at least is what they have found in the London borough of Southwark (see p10) where for more than a decade the lighting department has worked with artists and designers to invest lighting, among other elements, that is unique to particular communities. ‘It can increase civic pride which has far-reaching knock-on effects,’ says operations manager Eddie Henry. ‘What I’ve noticed is that where we have done something nice it has been maintained, and not just by the council. We can see how clean people keep the area. We all worry about things being knocked down and vandalised, but it doesn’t happen.

Jill Entwistle

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Matrix Print Consultants Ltd Unit C, Northfield Point, Cunliffe Drive, Kettering, Northants NN16 9QJ Tel: 01536 527297 Email: gary@matrixprint.com Website: www.matrixprint.com © ILP 2013 The views or statements expressed in these pages do not necessarily accord with those of The Institution of Lighting Professionals or the Lighting Journal’s editor. Photocopying of Lighting Journal items for private use is permitted, but not for commercial purposes or economic gain. Reprints of material published in these pages is available for a fee, on application to the editor.

Lighting Journal June 2013

News

Leicester CIty Council has embarked on a two-year PFI-financed project to replace its entire street-lighting network with LED fittings. It will also install a central management system. The decision follows a twoyear investigation into available technology, including trials of products and systems from a range of manufacturers. The council’s aim is to reduce its energy budget without recourse to switching

off any of its 33,000 street lights. Analysis of data from the trial sites showed that by installing new LED street lights, annual energy savings of around 57 per cent could be achieved, together with 5350 tonnes of carbon emissions every year, around 20 per cent of the entire council’s target. Payback is estimated at eight years. The contract was awarded to Balfour Beatty Living Places

New president calls for in-house research

A key aim for his presidential year was to promote more applied research in lighting, said Dr Kevin Kelly in his address to the SLL AGM and Awards last month as he took over the role of the society’s president. ‘The way to do this is by experimenting, collecting data and analysing it rigorously,’ said Kelly. ‘This applied research must be undertaken by lighting designers in the field, not by people like me in universities.’ Lighting professionals needed to be part of the applied research community, Kelly told SLL members, adapting applied research and evaluation in their everyday practice. ‘This adds value to what they do and value to the client. Disseminating interesting findings based on rigorous collection and analysis of evidence is key to developing our profession.’ Kelly, who takes over as

Lighting Journal June 2013

president from Iain Macrae, head of global lighting applications management at Thorn Lighting, is a senior academic at the Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT), the largest higher education institution in Ireland. He heads up the electrical services engineering department which has 30 academic staff. A number of awards were given, including the President’s Award to

academic and consultant Dr Peter Boyce and the Lighting Award to David Holmes, a longserving member of the technical and publications committee. Professor Warren Julian, based in Australia, was made an honorary fellow. For the first time at the event, Lighting Education Trust diplomas were presented. The 10 recipients included Hazel Brannigan of East Ayrshire Council, Jacky Cheung of Abacus Lighting, Daniel Cramond of URS (a Lightmongers’ Bursary recipient), and James Miles and Paul Yates of Kingfisher Lighting. ‘Many have never done any form of lighting before and are confronted with a complex subject embracing art, science and technology, all to be absorbed through distance learning,’ said LET tutor Barrie Wilde in his citation. ‘The time invested by these students in their lighting studies has truly amazed me.’

Leicester upgrades entire street lighting network during the summer of 2012 and began last autumn. OrangeTek is supplying its AriaLED street light, which will be controlled through the Telensa PLANet (Public Lighting Active Network) CMS system. The energy reduction project is to be introduced over three years and started in February 2013. Residential streets are being prioritised, with the bigger traffic route lanterns being installed in years two and three.

Industrialists buy out Abacus Lighting Abacus Lighting has been bought by a group of industrialists and financiers, saving 150 jobs. The administrators were called in last month. The group suffered cash-flow difficulties following five years of heavy investment in an international growth strategy, as well as increasing payments to meet the liabilities of a defined benefit pension scheme, more than £8m in deficit, according to a statement issued by the 55-year-old Nottinghamshirebased manufacturer. Steve Lamb (second from right) is now managing director, taking over operational leadership from Andrew Morris-Richardson who is no longer involved in the business. Lamb has a background in manufacturing and technology and has held chief executive positions for more than 10 years. Steve Banks (second from left) has been appointed finance director and takes over the financial leadership from John Lawson who remains with the business. The company is being recapitalised with a multi-million pound investment, according to the new management.

News

Mackness bows out as ELD tutor Malcolm Mackness (pictured centre) has retired from teaching on the ILP’s Exterior Lighting Diploma after more than three decades as a tutor. ‘Saying goodbye to tutoring on the courses was always going to be a wrench but I have so many good times to remember over the 31 years and very few awkward ones to forget,’ said Mackness, as he bowed out after a Module 3 course. Mackness, who is a co-director of Lighting Consultancy And Design Services

with Jim Paterson, said that as a student he had got a great deal from the very first APLE course in 1972. ‘Later, working with Jim Paterson, meant dealing with course management and supervision for many years, in addition to tutoring.’ This year LCADS, which has worked on several dark sky status applications, including Brecon Beacons National Park, celebrates its 20th year in business. Also pictured are Stuart Bulmer and Nigel Parry (left) and Pete Lummis (with medal).

OLEDs lag behind, says less-than-glowing report OLEDs are likely to remain an ‘overpriced and underperforming option’ compared to LED lighting, according to the latest report from the Cambridge arm of market intelligence company IDTechEx Research. The report – OLED vs LED Lighting: is there room for OLED Lighting? – estimates that OLED lighting will become a $1.3bn market in 2023 – roughly 1.3 per cent of the LED market size at that time. OLED companies will have to capitalise on superior design features to carve out niche markets in the hospitality, shopping and architectural sectors, says the report.

As well as being expensive, OLEDs still lag behind in efficiency terms with modules producing in the region of 20-50lm/W, compared to LEDs at 90-100lm/W at package level (chip encapsulated). Longevity also remains an issue. ‘LED lamps regularly offer in excess of 50,000 hours, which is why they initially found a niche market in out-of-reach outdoor applications,’ says IDTechEx. ‘In contrast, OLED lighting offers 5000 to 15,000 hours of operational life even when encapsulated.’ Although the report acknowledges that the two sources are not seen

Rare ILP honorary memberships awarded Malcolm Mackness and John Harding have both been given honorary membership of the ILP. This status is rarely awarded – nearly 10 years have elapsed since the honour was last conferred –and goes to a person who has rendered eminent services to lighting. In addition to his teaching work, Mackness served on the ILP’s Membership Committee for many years. John Harding of Kingfisher Lighting is a longstanding supporter of the ILP and for the past year has been Master of the Company of Lightmongers, known for its considerable work for lighting charities. ‘Being awarded honorary membership is a huge accolade and it is remarkable that we have two individuals who are deserving of this tribute within the same year,’ commented Chantal O’Sullivan, ILP membership services manager. as direct competitors – the LED being a point source and the OLED a surface-emission device – it argues that this is becoming less relevant as LEDs are used with waveguides to create uniform surface emission.

OLED vs LED Lighting: is there room for OLED Lighting? is by Dr Norman Bardsley, Bardsley Consulting, and Dr Khasha Ghaffarzadeh, senior technology analyst, IDTechEx. www.IDTechEx.com/research

Lighting Journal June 2013

News

Romancing the stone Just to prove that engineers are really softies underneath, San Franciscan electrical engineer Ben Kokes proposed to his girlfriend by presenting her with a titanium engagement ring that glows whenever he is near. Kokes spent months making the ring, which has 13 diamonds,10 sapphires, the inevitable LEDs (Rohm’s PicoLEDs) and an

embedded copper coil that lights up when it comes close to an induced alternating magnetic field. This comes from a specially made bracelet he wears, activating the ring when he is around 10cm away. For anyone who wants to try it at home, the following gives a blow-by-blow illustrated account of how to do it: http://www.kokes.net/ projectlonghaul/projectlonghaul.htm

Researchers claim to cut light pollution with refined optics Traditional design

A research team based in Mexico and Japan claim to have devised a new type of LED-powered street light that could radically reduce light pollution. According to the open-access journal Optical Express, the researchers say that their invention could reduce the amount of inappropriate light emitted to just two per cent. The team says that the best LED street lights currently available on the market direct ‘about 10 per cent of their energy horizontally or vertically’. The three key features of their proposed lamp do not appear to offer any radical solutions, however, rather a tightening up of existing techniques: •

A special total internal reflection lens for each LED designed to

Lighting Journal June 2013

Proposed optic

•

focus its light beams so that they travel parallel to each other in a single direction, rather than criss-crossing and diverging from each other causing many to spill beyond the target area A reflecting cavity into which the lens-covered LEDs are fitted. This helps recycle any light beams which fail to travel as directed A diffuser through which the focused light passes to help tackle unwanted glare

The team reckons that the optical refinements will add up to a 10-50 per cent cut in power needed. A prototype is planned by October.

News in brief Steven Davies is the new CEO of the Lighting Industry Association, with Eddie Taylor retiring at the end of last month. Alasdair McRury, MD of Holophane Europe (pictured), has taken over as

presidentfrom Rune Marki, CEO of Osram UK. ‘It is important at this time of the digital revolution in lighting that the LIA works with its partners and government to ensure that quality standards and compliance are pursued vigorously to ensure a level playing field for all companies working in the UK lighting industry,’ said McRury in his address at the annual LIA Annual Lunch. The LIA Certificate Course Awards, sponsored by Mackwell, were also presented at the LIA lunch. Student of the Year Award went to Paul Rahman of Whitecroft Lighting. Runners-up were Julie Gore of Ceravision and Greg Herring of Cooper Lighting. More than 100 students undertook the LIA Certificate Course in 2012.

Trafford Council will be looking keenly at the report it has commissioned into the safety of LEDs this month after halting an £8m roll-out of LED fittings in Altrincham, Cheshire. Protest leader Simon Nicholas claimed the light from the LEDs could damage the brains of people living nearby. Scientific research linked them to disrupted sleep patterns, claimed Nicholas, who also said there is a glare danger to drivers. Reminiscent of the recent rumpus in Bath, protesters also complain that the new luminaires are not in keeping with conservation areas and that the heritage lampposts are unsuitable for LED light engines.

Light Collective, which coorganised last year’s Noche Zero darkness experience event in Chile, has teamed up with Mexican lighting designer Magali Mendez to create Day One, a complementary event celebrating natural light. ‘The world is full of lighting festivals,’ said LC cofounder Sharon Stammers. ‘They all take place at night and focus on artificial light so we think it’s time to turn things on their head and hold one in the daytime.’ The event, in April 2014 in Mexico City, will include natural light installations, architectural visits, filmshows, an international sky experience, talks, manufacturers’ technology expo and community workshops. www.lightcollective.net

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LIGHT Minded... Technology is a tool, not a starting point for design, argues Kevin Theobald, associate director at GIA Equation and IALD president

I am becoming increasingly concerned that lighting technology is overshadowing lighting design. Every time you open a lighting magazine or attend a trade show, the immediate focus is the light source and, of course, it’s mostly in the form of LEDs. I have just returned from Lightfair in Philadelphia, which has thankfully got away from the focus on components, but source is still very much to the fore, with lit effect being given little or no consideration. The fundamentals of design are the outcome and appearance, not the tools needed to achieve them. I am not pretending that you can ignore technology but as designers we seem to be dragged further into the nuts and bolts than ever before. It is almost a requisite to understand solid-state lighting from the chip up. I am wondering where our in-depth knowledge will lead to – will we end up looking to where the rare earth metals are sourced? I was speaking to an educator recently who worryingly suggested that SSL technology should be part of the core curriculum of a lighting design programme at the expense of a design module. I sincerely hope that this was purely anecdotal and not something being seriously considered. In terms of lighting design, the type of light source is largely irrelevant. Provided that the light can be controlled and modified it doesn’t matter if it’s created by daylight or a candle. Lit effect is the prime consideration and once you have determined what that is to be, then colour temperature, colour rendering and how the light is delivered may direct the choice of source but this should definitely not be one of the first decisions to be made in the design process. I believe that the way the lighting market is trending, younger (and not so young) designers are tempted to reach for the catalogue, or more likely visit the manufacturer’s website to choose product before they have given due consideration to the design requirements. The pace at which the SSL market has grown has led to gaps in basic knowledge and it is often difficult to get reliable information on LED products from manufacturers or their suppliers. We find

Lighting Journal June 2013

an increasing amount of time is spent on discussing control compatibility (it’s amazing how difficult it is to get good LED dimming), in-rush currents, colour constancy, binning, phosphor performance, and a whole host of issues unrelated to the lit effect of the design. I hope that as the market matures the level and quality of product information will be such that it can be trusted by designers in the same way as earlier technologies. Part of the issue is that the market has now been entered by the large players from the electronics industry and while they know how to produce light from chips their understanding of the bigger picture of lighting is seriously limited. I hope that as the SSL market continues to develop, lighting designers will be able to go back to looking at finishes, how spaces are used, what the requirement of the occupiers is with regard to task and ambient lighting, and other truly designrelated considerations in the happy knowledge that the source they have chosen will perform as specified, without the need to delve into the depths of the componentcompatibility world. Quality of light must also be a major consideration in today’s world. With lighting energy codes and voluntary schemes such as LEED and BREEAM placing pressures on how much energy can be used to illuminate a space, it is tempting for designers to use the lowest consumption LED products. They may achieve the desired recommendations but will not necessarily produce a quality of light that renders the space well, provides sufficient light levels and avoids glare – a particular consideration with point source LEDs, which can be at best irritating and at worst vision-impairing. If we have to spend time considering the light source I hope that we will continue to have a wide choice and that all of the options are not subsumed into the world of electronics. Most important of all is that we remember that design is much more than product selection.

8 Opinion

LIGHT Hearted From condom warehouse to Westminster Cathedral, independent lighting consultant Alan Tulla has never found a dull moment Lighting is really my third career, and it has kept me interested every single day of the many years I have been doing it. The lighting syllabus first got me going – I found a job later. How we see things, daylight and shadows, light and colour mixing, art and industry, physics and psychology, the human response to light. How can that ever be dull? In the same week that I designed security lighting for a condom warehouse (a single pallet was worth £1000 – a lot of money in those days), I was also in the House of Commons looking at ways to improve the Committee Rooms. A couple of weeks later, I was floodlighting an oil rig and the outside of Westminster Cathedral. I love it all but I suppose exterior lighting has the edge. Throughout the millennia, light has come from above, be it the sky, sun or moon. We have the creative opportunity to shine light upwards and reveal buildings, statues and trees as they have never been seen before. It’s a new way of seeing. There is also a more practical challenge in that there are no convenient walls or ceilings on which to mount the luminaires. Did someone mention upward light causing skyglow? Don’t get me started. More light reflects from the spill light on the pavement outside a shop window than a 5W LED uplighting a tree. Which is more uplifting for the human spirit? Brightly lit chewing gum or the glowing facade of a historic building? It’s the challenges, both technical and aesthetic, that continue to make lighting exciting.

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Art city

of the

Street lighting can be much more than a stick in the ground, says Eddie Henry. Jill Entwistle finds out how a column can lift a community

part from heritage or quirky seaside fittings (such as fossil motifs at Lyme Regis), the street light is by and large a utilitarian affair. Some classy contemporary styling has crept in over the past decade or so, but on the whole they are not objects of beauty or interest, and the average motorist or pedestrian wouldn’t give them a second glance. Which is a shame, says Eddie Henry, operations manager at Southwark Council, because

they could be a whole lot more than what he describes as ‘a stick in the ground’. Since the late 1990s, the council has used street lighting as part of an overall strategy to invest rundown areas with a clear identity and individuality. ‘Southwark is different in what we believe we bring to the table,’ says Henry. ‘Street lighting has historically been a science, and engineers tend to stick to that, but we see it as an art form as well.’ Around 10 schemes – ranging from 10-15 units, up to 300-400 – have been completed to date, many involving collaborations with artists and designers, including Anthony Gormley, of Angel of the North fame, and flamboyant fashion

designer Zandra Rhodes. The latest, installed a matter of months ago, are multicoloured flower-like columns created by artist Andrew Logan for Peckham Rye Triangle (pictured above). The idea didn’t spring fully formed, but instead has grown and developed over the years. It also began more by chance than policy when the street lighting department was approached by the area renewal team that was then regenerating the King on the Rye council estate. Works included modernisation of the properties, the relandscaping of the communal green, rearrangement of parking bays, installations of new perimeter fencing and balcony railings, and decorative bollards. A local Southwark-based artist had been commissioned to design the decorative furniture and the team wanted street lighting to complement the theme. ‘We went for a decorative street light, by DW Windsor, something that enhanced the area,’ says Henry. ‘It was about taking an area that was rundown and giving it a new feel, a

Street lighting 11

new look, so they were after more than a bog standard street light.’ It proved to be a seminal moment. ‘This allowed our street lighting service to be put in front of different audiences. Based on that, artists themselves started showing an interest in doing something similar elsewhere. In the vast majority of cases now it’s a matter of us being approached.’ A few basic questions will immediately be presenting themselves to the practically minded – namely, who pays, isn’t it a maintenance nightmare and is it worth the bother? First, funding. The beauty of it is that it doesn’t cost Southwark Council anything. While clearly this type of scheme will be far more expensive than run-of-the-mill road lighting, all projects have been externally funded – by developers, business improvement bodies, arts and culture lottery grants and so on. There are two business improvement districts in Southwark, for example, Team London Bridge and Waterloo Quarter, both of which have funded decorative lighting installations within their area, recouping the money through their charges to businesses in their respective zones. If a concept stacks up, then the backing of Southwark Council provides credibility to the funding bid. ‘It’s got to look great but it’s still got to be fit for purpose,’ says Henry. ‘Our backing helps convince others. It also makes it a lot easier to get planning consent if we are involved and have signed it off.’ Which brings us to maintenance. Clearly Southwark Council is not interested in creating a rod for its own back – or budget – with umpteen different designs requiring special maintenance treatment. While the outward appearance of the fittings varies enormously, underneath they are standardised. ‘With all of the bespoke projects we’ve delivered

we’ve been very keen that they look different outside but, underneath, the lamp, the control gear, the wiring and so on are all bog standard, they are no different,’ says Henry. ‘So changing a lamp is just the same as for any other unit. Our maintenance costs are the same as for standard fittings.’ If a concept looks as if it is going to cause maintenance issues they work with the designers to eliminate the problem at design stage. Or they adapt the unit to avoid the cost of replacing it in its entirety in the future. ‘We have some columns in three parts, for instance, so that if one is damaged in, say, a traffic accident, we only need to replace one part. ‘That’s what our involvement as lighting engineers is all about – making sure they’re sustainable,’ adds Henry. ‘We spend a lot of time working

It can increase civic pride which has far-reaching effects. We all worry about things being vandalised but it doesn’t happen with manufacturers making sure the tooling is right, the fittings are right, and that it’s easy to maintain and doesn’t become a financial burden.’ Aquila Design has carried out most of the schemes, well-placed because of its experience in bespoke fittings. The key is all parties working closely with each other, says Henry. ‘This is why I believe in the real benefit of collaboration – they might have to tweak their designs a little bit, we may have to tweak our requirements a little bit. It’s all about working towards one goal and if we achieve that we’ll satisfy both needs – appearance and practicality.’ That collaboration includes involving individual residents. ‘Projects are not just pushed through,

there’s a lot of communication and consultation with residents. A concern is always how the public will view it – as an improvement to their area or the council wasting money. I’ve found that people see it as something that contributes to the development of the area they’re in. Sometimes not straight away, it can take a while for these things to grow on people, but the reaction is very positive.’ Henry has absolutely no doubt of the value and viability of the approach. An area that has its own identity makes people feel that they belong to a particular place, he says. It gives ownership, allowing people to feel that the area they live in is special and worthy of renewal. ‘It can increase civic pride which has far-reaching knock-on effects. What I’ve noticed is that where we have done something nice it has been maintained, and not just by the council. It’s difficult to quantify but it’s real, it exists. We can see how clean people keep the area. We all worry about things being knocked down and vandalised, but it doesn’t happen.’ The only problem it’s caused, though it’s a good one, is the haves and have-nots, he says. ‘Residents in other parts of the borough have given the ultimate valuation of the work we’ve done – they want it too.’ Understanding the social side is an important factor in street lighting, says Henry. ‘It’s a triangle – social, economic and environmental, and we need to have a balance. We often lose the social aspect.’ But it’s not just about peoplepleasing, says Henry. The benefits are more widespread. ‘It’s clearly visible both in the daytime and nighttime, and it’s recognising that street lighting can provide more than the single function of illuminating an area. It can make a significant difference to the look and feel of an area. It can enhance the marketability and the commercial benefits of that area. It can lead to the increase in the market value of homes. It can attract businesses and change the types of businesses operating in that area.’ Henry believes that the idea would work just as well elsewhere and would advocate other local authorities trying it. ‘I would recommend it to other councils with no hesitation whatsoever. It would help if they had a little less focus on the science and a little more focus on the art. Let’s broaden our thinking a little more.’

Lighting Journal June 2013

12 Street lighting

Marsden Road

The street lights were designed by a Southwark-based artist and were part of a larger regeneration project focused around an awardwinning wildlife centre located in the road. The main gates to the centre and all residentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; gates and railings were replaced with a bespoke design highlighting the wildlife theme

SOUTHWARK STRE

Warburton Court King on the Rye Estate The renewal of the street lighting on the King on the Rye council housing estate was part of a larger regeneration project carried out by the housing renewal team. A local Southwark-based artist was commissioned to design the decorative furniture, and the street

Lighting Journal June 2013

lighting was selected to complement the theme. This scheme is now 12 years old and is treated with the same level of care by local residents as when first installed. There is strong evidence to suggest a significant increase in civic pride since completion of this project, says Henry

Street lighting 13

Bellenden Road

The lamp columns, pedestrian crossing and bespoke nonilluminated bollards were designed by artists Tom Phillips and Anthony Gormley, and again installed as part of an area renewal project

EET LIGHTING SCHEMES

Choumert Road Market

This scheme was delivered in conjunction with the market traders. The proposal was to install street lighting that was unique to the market, giving it its own identity. This was achieved by laser cutting the name of the market into the column which was then internally lit by 1W LEDs

Lighting Journal June 2013

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NEW TECHNOLOGIES GO HEAD TO HEAD

LATEST INDUSTRY STANDARDS REVEALED

Pioneering LED Street Lighting - Energy Reduction Review Nigel Parry, Principal, OrangeTek Ltd and CIE Division 4 Editor and UK representative The paper will outline this approach taken by at least four separate authorities using LEDs and their own dimming regimes to The e maximise cost and energy ve includ nt savings and demonstrate a real es prese alternative to switching off.

IET Code of Practice for the Application of LED Lighting Systems Nigel Monaghan, Chief Lighting Engineer, ASD Lighting and member of the Institution of Engineering and Technology Standards Code of Practice Committee Nigel will explain what is proposed from this brand new Code of Practice and how it can help lighting professionals and their colleagues. Discover when this document will be out for public comment and how you can help to shape it – and how you can benefit from the finished Code.

nta works tions, netwo hops, rk an exh ing and ibition

New metal halide a viable alternative to LED Clive Riddell, Technical Manager, Venture Lighting and Chair – LIA Ballast Technical Committee Clive will briefly discuss LED as we all know it, then focus on HID and how modern improvements both with arc tube design and reflector design prove financially, that HID installations are a viable and sustainable choice. Integrated into this focus in HID will be how ballasts and the control of lighting plays its part in energy saving.

EN 13201 - Development of a Standard David Coatham, Lighting Consultant and Convenor of CEN/ TC 169/WG12 Joint Working Group with CEN/TC 226 -Road Lighting David will introduce the background to EN13201 which is being reviewed, rewritten and expanded to include energy efficiency.He will describe the trials and tribulations of such a multinational group of people trying to resolve their own specific ideas and requirements whilst producing a European Standard. The latest timetable for publication will be set out and explained as will the changes and revisions made and proposed from the 2003 version.

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Guidance update

High-rise developments

raft of legislation and standards has been introduced since 2000 which is when TR7 (now PLG07) was last updated. These encompass a wide range of different concerns – from health and safety through to EMC, wind load calculation and lifting equipment (see box on regulations) – and have been referenced in this latest edition. Wind-loading calculation The original TR7 used a wind-load calculation method based on threesecond gust wind speeds from BS CP3, Chapter V, Part 2: 1972. This was updated in the 2000 edition to a method using the mean hourly wind speed map published in BS 6399-2. With the introduction of Eurocodes, an updated UK wind map was published using 10-minute mean wind speeds. Based on three editions of TR7 it is possible that three different calculation methods may be required. PLG07 has been written to bring the calculations back into one format, allowing conversion of three-second gust and mean hourly wind speed conditions to a 10-minute mean averaging period. This shows that for any site in country terrain, 10-minute mean wind speeds are six per cent higher than mean hourly wind speeds and 69 per cent smaller than threesecond gust wind speeds. A standard method is included to calculate the wind loads taking account of site altitude, terrain roughness, topography (orography in the Eurocodes), dynamic magnification factors and size effects.

David Lodge outlines the major changes in the new guidance on high-mast lighting

Professional Lighting Guide 07: High Mast Lighting and CCTV, 2013 Key changes include: •

•

• • • • • •

Revision to reflect the requirements of the latest UK legislation and standards Updating of the windloading calculation in line with Eurocodes and the latest UK wind speed map New advice on lightning protection Addition of competency and training requirements Additional safety guidance Guidance on the operation of high masts Limiting working-at-height operations to MEWPs where practicable New information on inspection and testing

Partial safety factors for loads and materials have been reviewed and some additional assistance provided on shape factors for different mast cross-sectional shapes. Lightning protection To date the provision or not of lightning protection for high masts has been left to customer specifications. However, with the publication of

BS EN 62305 Protection against Lightning, it was clear that guidance on applying the standard to high masts would be helpful. Structural lightning protection conforming to the standard is designed to protect the high-mast structure against lightning damage. It is not intended to, and will not, protect electronic equipment (in other words, HID control gear, LED drivers or other electronic controls) against secondary effects. Reference for this should be made to BS EN 62305-4. The likelihood of receiving a lightning strike on or near a high mast can be assessed using the standard and depends on the site location and exposure. The risk assessment then looks at the probability of any strike causing harm to people or livestock and/or damage to the structure or equipment. A lightning protection system (LPS) may then be specified to mitigate unacceptable risks. This comprises three components: •

•

The air termination, which intercepts a lightning strike from the air (usually the canopy or a lightning rod where provided) The down conductor, which passes the current safely towards the earth (the steel mast shaft acts as a natural down conductor) The earth termination, which disperses the lightning current into the earth (where necessary earth rods or earth mats are provided)

Lighting Journal June 2013

16 Guidance update Generally, in the UK, high masts will not need additional lightning protection provided that all of the following apply: • •

•

High masts have only buried power and service feeds Both lighting equipment and the luminaire/CCTV carriage are within the protected volume Annual maintenance takes less than 100 man hours a year, therefore limiting exposure time to any lightning strike People and livestock are prevented from touching the mast or standing within a surrounding area of 3m radius

Competency and training The requirements for managers and operatives involved in planning and implementing work involving high masts has been set out more clearly to assist in preparing and planning works safely. The recommended competency for all operatives involved in the assembly, installation, commissioning, operation, maintenance and decommissioning of

Lighting Journal June 2013

high masts, on or near UK highways, is registration to the Highways Electrical Registration Scheme (HERS). Safe installation PLG07 includes a checklist of hazards for consideration during planning of works, as well as outline procedures for preassembly, assembly, installation, commissioning and testing. Initial electrical inspection and testing requirements are set out, as well as the information that should be provided by the manufacturer to the customer in terms of quality certification, and safe operation and maintenance procedures. Safe operation Inspection and maintenance of highmast structures should only be carried out by qualified and competent persons familiar with the activities involved. However, for straightforward operations such as changing the lamps in the luminaires, a high mast is relatively simple to operate and may be safely lowered and raised by HERS-registered workers following a relatively small amount of training and competency assessment. This task often falls to the

maintenance contractor, who may not be trained and competent to undertake the full range of highmast operations. Care needs to be taken to ensure all risk assessments, method statements and competency assessments are in place before starting work. If in any doubt, contact a reputable HERS-registered (in the UK) high-mast maintenance contractor for assistance. Outline instructions for undertaking these operations are included in PLG07. These include, among other things, ensuring that the area around the mast base is free from people, in case of falling equipment, and hand-winding the winch for the initial lowering and final docking operations to minimise the risk of wire ropes being over-tensioned. These basic instructions are not a substitute for proper training and competency, but may act as an aide memoir to highlight the key hazards and mitigation actions ensuring safe procedures are planned prior to operating the mast. These may also provide assistance where the manufacturer’s operation instructions are no longer available within the mast owner’s records.

Guidance update Working-at-height operations Since the last edition of TR7 there has been an increasing requirement to eliminate or limit working at height. High masts present an excellent way of removing work-at-height operations compared with lighting column solutions, as all lamp changes and electrical testing can be carried out at ground level. With high masts there is a six-year requirement to inspect the upper sections and the pulley head, and in the past it has been possible to ascend the mast using a maintenance cradle. With the change in emphasis in working at height and the increase in availability of mobile elevated working platforms (MEWPs), PLG07 recommends the use of these as the predominant access method, limiting the use of maintenance cages to sites where MEWP access is not reasonably practicable. It is important to note before planning to use a maintenance cradle that there are some older masts still in operation using single drum winches with a single wire rope. Cradles should not be used in these instances. Where possible, MEWP access is recommended but if this is not

practical, mast replacement should be considered before the next scheduled mast-top access is required. Inspection and maintenance The requirements for inspection and maintenance of high masts have been reviewed and more detail provided on the structural inspection and testing requirements for both flanged and rooted masts. The guidance focuses on flanges and gussets, door openings, the mast shaft, and the head frame and lantern carriage. Where visual inspections identify possible problems, guidance is provided on appropriate nondestructive testing suitable for each area of the mast. Suggested testing options are included and pull-off testing is recommended where existing masts are being removed from foundations and the existing holding down studs are being reused for a new mast installation. Finally, a sample maintenance and structural inspection and testing schedule is provided for the normal 25-year design life of the high mast, along with an enhanced inspection and testing schedule for masts between 25 and 40 years old.

Technical Report No 7 for High Mast Lighting (TR7) was first published in 1976. This update replaces TR7 2000. Professional Lighting Guide 07 (PLG07): High Mast Lighting and CCTV 2013 is available from the ILP website (www.theilp.org.uk). PLG07 references the following legislation: • • • •

• • •

•

Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations Pressure Equipment Regulations Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Regulations Construction (Design and Management) Regulations Work at Height Regulations, Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations, Health and Safety at Work Act and Electricity at Work Regulations The Eurocode suite of standards has also been included together with updated standards on materials, welding, lightning protection, electrical requirements, luminaires and corrosion protection

Lighting Journal June 2013

LEDs19

A solid-state case for office lighting?

Are LEDs a suitable solution in the workplace? In an abridged version of his Bartlett School MSc dissertation, Gavriil Papadiotis summarises his research on the photometric and financial benefits of LEDs for offices

ith the largest share of the total electricity lighting as a really big step in the global race to reduce consumption of European office buildings used energy costs while helping to boost Europe’s lighting for lighting, LED fittings could have a major industry. As SSL technology matures, there is little doubt impact on energy savings in that sector. that most traditional light sources will be Lighting represents a large fraction of displaced by LEDs in many applications. UK energy consumption – in 2011 Commercial LED-based light sources the estimated figure was 21 per certainly have the potential to surpass cent of the energy consumed in the the efficacy of the most efficient services sector (Fig 1).In working or conventional light sources. commercial environments in European Figure 2 presents a comparison cities, lighting can account for an of LEDs with various incumbent impressive 50 per cent or more of all lamp technologies – clearly SSL energy consumption, demonstrating offers efficacies far in excess of the potential for high-efficiency light incandescent lighting sources, sources such as LEDs to make a with their intrinsic energy losses. major impact on energy savings. Fluorescent technology’s maximum ‘Expanding LED lighting is a no efficacy of around 110lm/W (with brainer,’ said Neelie Kroes, viceballast losses) seems unlikely to rise president of the European Commission significantly in the near future. However in December 2011. ‘It means more the truth is that current office lighting is still money in your pocket, and a healthier dominated by fluorescent lamps. planet.’ Kroes presented solid-state Fig 1: UK service sector energy consumption by end use (2011) While LEDs have many

Lighting Journal June 2013

20 LEDs advantages over the other light sources, further reduced costs and higher efficacies are still needed for LEDs to compete with the highly efficacious fluorescent and HID lamps. Moreover, the biggest disadvantage of LEDs at present is the lack of standardisation of measurement of light quality, light quantity and efficiency. This is being addressed in a number of ways, including the Zhaga consortium, but there is much to be done. So, is Kroes necessarily right, at least in relation to the current office lighting sector? This study attempted to look in detail at the viability and potential of LEDs in the office environment, in energy-saving and cost-benefit terms. Various computer simulations were made of different lighting schemes in an identical, open-plan office environment, and a range of fluorescent and LED luminaires were compared in terms of lighting quality and economic viability.

A target maintained illuminance level of 500 lux was set for the first five schemes, while a maximum five per cent drop (475 lux) was considered acceptable. The sixth scheme, the ‘designer’ multi-task scheme, had multiple illuminance level targets, corresponding to the needs of each of the sub-areas and tasks, with an overall lighting level of just 300 lux, topped up with LED wall uplights, pendants and user-controllable local task lighting. Daylight sensing and PIR sensors, operating dimmable luminaires, were also simulated for selected schemes, to see what affect this might have on the results. The additional wiring required was factored into the cost-benefit analysis. A realistic maintenance factor was introduced into each of the simulation assessments, and it was assumed that the schemes would be switched on for 2500 hours a year, with an annual five per cent increase in the energy tariff. All schemes also aimed to satisfy the conditions of the Building Regulations Part L, so that the average initial efficacy was at least 55 luminaire lumens per circuit watt. It is obvious from these results that the LED schemes had higher initial costs but lower operating costs, with the ‘designer’ scheme being the most energy efficient. These results, coupled with the photometric measurements are analysed in more detail below.

Fig 2: Historical and predicted efficacy of light sources

Study overview The study used lighting design software to simulate different schemes, with fluorescent and LED fittings, and examined how successfully a typical installation with T8 recessed fittings can currently be replaced with T5 or LED fittings. The choice of schemes was based on maintaining the quality of the fluorescent lighting environment, using metrics and criteria from current standards and guides. Consequences for energy and costs were also examined over a 10-year period, along with changes in the lighting environment. Differential capital, running and maintenance costs for the various types of luminaire configuration were factored in. Computer simulation of office lighting The focus of this simulation was the most commonly used format for offices, the 600mm x 600mm recessed ceiling fitting. While more sophisticated direct/indirect lighting systems are available, most offices are still typically lit by a general system of T8 fittings that provide uniform illuminance over the whole working plane. A computer-simulated 3D model of a 12m x 9m openplan office space, with 2.6m floor-to-ceiling height, was created for all the simulations, using DIALux. However, the number of available options and lack of LED standardisation still made it difficult to evaluate the quality of existing LED products, particularly lumen maintenance factors. Therefore the chosen LED luminaires came from reputable manufacturers who could provide the necessary data in a DIALux-compatible format.

Lighting Journal June 2013

Fig 3:computer simulation of standard office used in the study

Fig 4: summary of the simulated lighting schemes

LEDs 21

Fig 5: Initial capital and installation cost comparisons

Fig 6: Comparative running costs (energy and maintenance) over 10-years

Analysis Photometric and cost analyses were used to compare the relative merits of the different lighting schemes. Compliance with recommended lighting standards plus energy efficiency was vital in deciding on the best solution. For each scheme, several lighting calculations were performed, along with a detailed cost-of-ownership analysis for a 10-year period, to examine the quality of the lighting environment and its affordability. The best solution was decided after a cost-benefit compromise. Photometric simulation results All schemes except scheme six were compared against the conventional benchmark of a uniform 500 lux on the working plane. The first three schemes, one, two and three, were simple switched general systems with a regular array of recessed luminaires (T8, T5 and LED) to provide a uniform illuminance on the working plane. Although the initial cost of scheme one was the lowest at ÂŁ700, luminaire efficacy was poor at 38lm/W, way below the acceptable lower limit of 55lm/W set by Part L. The lit ambience was also very poor. Scheme two, with T5 lamps, was not much better in terms of ambience, but was a better option for overall energy use, compared with scheme one. With all three schemes, achieving 500 lux of maintained illuminance entailed high levels of installed illuminance, especially for the LED fittings (LLMF = 0.7) where the target of 500 lux had to be exceeded by 70 per cent initially, due to the 0.59 maintenance factor (500/0.59 = 850 lux). In fact, the energy consumption of these schemes was fairly high, so installing dimmable fittings and controls seemed like the correct next step. Scheme three (LEDs) failed to provide 500 lux of maintained illuminance on the working plane. On the contrary, the fluorescent fittings of schemes one and two

managed to provide adequate lighting with LLFs of 3348lm and 3408lm respectively. For schemes four and five (a, b, c, d) dimmable instead of switched luminaires were used (T5 and LED recessed fittings). The results from schemes one to three pointed to the need to increase the number of fittings in order to achieve the targeted light level on the working plane. That also meant a substantial increase in initial costs. On the other hand, the use of sensors for daylight harvesting and absence detection reduced energy consumption, which outweighed initial costs. For the extra installation cost, the energy savings could be significant. Furthermore, the ability to dim the luminaires to maintain constant illuminance eradicated the problem of high initial light output. The results of scheme four were not encouraging. The luminaires had an efficacy of 49lm/W, which did not comply with Part L. Most important, the lighting levels were in most cases lower than the ones achieved by scheme two, with the maintained illuminance on the working plane almost being a reason for rejection (473 lux was below the acceptable five per cent drop). The fittings, being dimmable, were a bit more expensive, but initial costs were 260 per cent higher due to the new electrical wiring for the new layout and the control wiring. Energy savings were not sufficient to pay back these extra initial costs. Schemes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d Looking at scheme two, it was obvious that more LED fittings had to be used in order to achieve the desired light level of 500 lux. For scheme five, four different LED options were simulated on the same 5 x 5 luminaire layout as in scheme four, using the same control system (absence detection, daylight harvesting, constant illuminance system). All four schemes are analysed together.

Fig 7: Combining the two sets of figures from Figs 5 and 6, the total cost of ownership over 10 years

In scheme 5a the dimmable version of scheme threeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fitting was used. As expected, all the photometric results had greater values, since five more luminaires were added. The most important improvement was the increase of the maintained illuminance to an acceptable value of 530 lux. As an illustration of the benefit of using controls to save energy, even though the electrical load increased by 25 per cent, going from a 20 to 25 luminaire layout, the electrical consumption decreased by 10 per cent (LENI calculations). On the other hand, despite all the energy savings, the initial costs were prohibitive. The dimmable version of the same

Lighting Journal June 2013

22 LEDs luminaire was 42.7 per cent more expensive than that in scheme three, due to extra costs of the dimming system and extra cabling – and the total cost of ownership was more than twice as high. For scheme 5b, a less expensive fitting (option B) was used. Maintained illuminance on the working plane was almost acceptable (472 lux), but the system’s big downside,

Fig 8: summary of DIALux photometric results (figures in orange indicate non-compliant or problematic results)

and reason for rejection, was its high UGR value at <22 (the SLL standard is <19). This installation was 51 per cent more energy efficient than the first one, but in total it was 45.9 per cent more expensive. LED option 5c had the most interesting LED optical system. Its opal PMMA cover, with a wavy structured surface, projected light on the room walls and softened the contrast on the ceiling. Even though the level of maintained illuminance on the horizontal working plane was slightly below the accepted five per cent drop (468 lux), the photometric measurements on all other surfaces (walls and ceiling) were the highest achieved by an LED installation, giving good modelling. Even though the lighting equipment cost 2.58 times more than a T5 equivalent, 5c offered the most economical LED option – but again its poor UGR (<21) and overall energy costs were too high to make it a genuine alternative. Last but not least, the LED option 5d offered good lighting flexibility and high energy savings, compared with the non-dimmable fluorescent equivalents. However, the fittings were five times more expensive than the T5 ones and installation costs were seven times more expensive – figures its energy savings could not repay. Scheme six Scheme six was based on understanding the space, its uses and the needs of its users. Considerate and energyefficient lighting design is all about providing the right amount of light on the right place at the right time with the right lighting equipment. Instead of a general system, a localised task/ambient combination was used. LED downlights and pendants with T5 fluorescents (direct/ indirect light distribution) were specified for the general lighting, with LED wallwashers to reinforce vertical levels of lighting. LED desk lamps, controlled by the occupants, topped up the lighting levels and achieved the required

Lighting Journal June 2013

task illuminance. Obviously the designer scheme had the target of ‘only’ a uniform illuminance of 300 lux on the working plane, with higher levels only where required. Nevertheless, the study assessed its photometric results alongside the other general system schemes. The 300 lux overall light level, plus dimming via a daylight detection system, led to an impressive decrease of energy use. Undoubtedly, too, directing a big portion of the light on to the walls and the ceiling (uplighting by pendants) led to a brighter space, with no dark cave effect, even though less powerful luminaires were used. This scheme did not only require 62 per cent less energy than the first scheme (making it the most energy-efficient solution) but managed to significantly improve the quality of the lighting environment. The initial costs were lower than the two LED schemes 5a and 5d, even though the chosen fittings were probably not the most economical options. Due to the various negative features that have been outlined above, only schemes two, 5a, 5d and six could be genuinely considered as alternatives to scheme one and compared in financial terms. Providing affordable lighting As we can see from the figures in Figure 9, investing in more expensive equipment led in all cases to more energyefficient designs. Installing the T5 fluorescent (scheme two) cost 2.6 times the installation cost of scheme one, but reduced the operating costs (lamp replacement and energy costs) by 28.1 per cent. On the other hand, the designer scheme was 6.2 times more expensive to install than scheme two, but compared to scheme one, it had 62.7 per cent more economical operating costs. As for the LED alternatives (schemes 5a and 5d), they showed substantial installation cost increases, but offered less energy savings than designer solution six. So scheme two turned out to be the most suitable, inexpensive replacement for the pre-existing T8 installation, despite its more costly energy consumption, compared to the LED schemes. On the other hand, scheme six offered great energy savings but, judged on its overall cost of ownership, its adequacy depends on the precise application and who holds the purse strings. So, if the installation costs are covered by the office building owner, who sublets the offices to users responsible for the running

Fig 9: Graph of initial and running costs combined

LEDs 23 costs, then the T5 option would probably be picked 10 times out of 10. On the other hand, if the client is the end user, then scheme sixâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s flexibility and energy savings would make a greater difference. In all direct comparison cases, the simulation exercise provided positive evidence about the benefits of better controls to provide energy savings. Conclusions on the use of LEDs In summary, LEDs were not shown to be viable solutions for general office lighting systems. In photometric terms, current 600mm x 600mm recessed LED fittings are not a good option used in an array of luminaires to provide uniform illuminance everywhere in the space. First, due to their low LLMF (0.7) they are not powerful enough at the end of their useful life (50,000 hours) to provide 500 lux. Second, they are currently too expensive (three to six times more expensive than a T5 equivalent) to offer a financially competitive solution, despite their high energy savings. They will not become economical unless there is a reduction in the price of the fittings by at least 50 per cent. A cheaper T5 replacement is generally much more practicable. Frankly, if all LEDs can do is replace a poor T8 fluorescent solution for office lighting, we have all lost. Only considerate and innovative lighting design can truly reveal the potential of LEDs, such as in openplan office lighting, with digitally controlled task/ambient lighting systems with daylight sensors and absence detectors. In such situations, several types of lighting equipment can be used to set different light scenes, linking the ambient lighting to daylight and giving control to the users over their task lighting, to create a flexible, energy-efficient and more interestingly lit environment. LED technology can even go further: by adding time sensors and special LED fittings of adjustable CCT (2700K-6500K) the lighting system can take non-visual biological effects into account by automatically changing light levels, direction and colour temperature, to work with and enhance the office workersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; biorhythms. It is in responsive, tailormade solutions such as this, where LED technology can be used at its full potential for creative lighting design, which would really benefit the lighting industry.

Only considerate and innovative lighting design can truly reveal the potential of LEDs, such as in open-plan office lighting, with digitally controlled task/ ambient lighting systems with daylight sensors and absence detectors

Lighting Journal June 2013

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Awards

Blending in with the scenery

Jill Entwistle finds lighting truly in its architectural element at the 30th IALD Awards

We have come a long way from what former Concord design director Janet Turner used to describe as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;acne of the ceilingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Awards

ne of the most striking features of this year’s IALD International Lighting Design Award winners – apart from the fact that only one of the 10 chosen is from the US – is that they offer a snapshot of how much lighting technique has changed. Without exception, they illustrate how assimilated lighting has become (at least in the best schemes), fusing with the architectural fabric. The results are luminescent surfaces and sleek lines of light that subtly follow rather than fight the structure, exemplified by the following three projects. At least at this rarefied level we have come a long way from what former Concord design director Janet Turner used to describe as ‘acne of the ceiling’. HafenCity University Subway Platform, Hamburg, Germany Lighting design: Gerd Pfarré, Pfarré Lighting Design; D-Light Vision Award: Radiance

Photography: Markus Tollhopf

The new subway station is part of the extension of Hamburg’s U-Bahn network to HafenCity, an ambitious 2.2sq km redevelopment of the city’s free port district involving offices, hotels, shops, official buildings and residential space. The inspiration for the lighting came from the industrial flavour of the dock area, referencing steel, light, colour and reflection. ‘It responds to the iridescent colours of the brick facades, which change with the seasons and the changing daylight, The internally lit glass boxes are the exact size of shipping containers and the steel ships’ hulls, with the massive superstructures of the cranes and ocean freight container modules,’ says lighting designer Gerd Pfarré. Central to the scheme are the 12, six-tonne, metal-framed glass boxes – departure of trains, synchronising illuminate the entrance areas and the exact size of a standard shipping with the seasons or creating general ticket halls, together with freely container (6.5m x 2.8m x 2.8m) – which lighting effects. ‘The concept is arranged, recessed metal halide are suspended over the platforms. not intended at all to generate an downlights. As on the platform, Their translucent panels are internally entertainment-like, colour-changing the well-balanced reflection of the lit by 280 individually addressable RGB circus,’ says Pfarré. ‘Both the architectural materials is crucial to LEDs, while the underside is made atmosphere and spatial experience the scheme. of matt-white glass with integrated created by the colours are extemely ‘This project teaches a lesson T5 tubes. While the LEDs provide powerful.’ in how to use light to make a space decorative effects, The walls and ceiling are clad functional, safe, fun and just plain the fluorescent element washes the with 6500sqm of treated steel awesome,’ concluded another 200m platform with evenly distributed sheets, enormous reflective surfaces judge. warm-white ambient light. on which the coloured light plays. ‘A Colour change is both static and light sculpture is so unexpected at a Client: Hochbahn AG dynamic, and involves boxes switching railway station,’ said one judge. ‘It is Architect: Raupach Architekten independently or together. Colours overwhelming and magical.’ Container designer: Design Stauss are programmed to morph smoothly Fluorescent cove lighting Grillmeier and slowly, signalling the arrival or systems, defining the architecture,

Lighting Journal May 2013

Awards

Fluorescent fixtures on the periphery create a soft exterior glow and smooth, uncluttered interior

Cité de l’Ocean et du Surf is an oceanographic seaside museum. When darkness falls, the building becomes a lantern, an effect achieved with dimmable high-efficiency fluorescent fixtures positioned around the periphery. Inside, the ceiling of the exhibition area is convex, analogous to the rolling sea. No fixtures were allowed in the ceiling, so the lighting solution also offers a totally uncluttered, smooth surface. ‘A soft and elegant building with soft and elegant lighting – a perfect match,’ said a judge. Architect: Steven Holl Architects

The 30th IALD International Lighting Design Awards are organised by the IALD and took place in Philadelphia at the end of April

Lighting Journal June 2013

Photography: Iwan Baan/Rolande Halbe

Cité de l’Ocean et du Surf, Biarritz, France Lighting design: Hervé Descottes, L’Observatoire International Award: Merit

Awards

Lakewood Cemetry Garden Mausoleum, Minneapolis, USA Lighting design: Tao Ham, HGA Architects and Engineers Award: Merit

Architect, structural engineer, mechanical engineer, electrical engineer, civil engineer, interior design: HGA Architects and Engineers General contractor: MA Mortenson Landscape architect: Halvorson Design Partnership Master plan: Elizabeth Vizza

Photography: Paul Crosby Photography

The design for the new 2276sqm Lakewood Garden Mausoleum is based on individuality, human scale and a connection to nature. Because the building is primarily used during daylight hours, the artificial lighting balances the high degree of natural light from the windows and skylights, creating an intimate environment when daylight fades. The lighting is seamlessly integrated into the architecture and HVAC, following the architectural forms, enhancing the physical characteristics of the materials, and using light and shadow to heighten the spiritual qualities of the space. ‘The highlighting of materials and coordination with the architecture was perfect,’ observed one judge.

‘Coordination with the architecture was perfect,’ said one judge

WINNERS Radiance Award Hafencity University subway station, Hamburg, Germany Gerd Pfarré, Pfarré Lighting Design

Lakewood Cemetry Garden Mausoleum, Minneapolis, MN, USA Tao Ham, HGA Architects and Engineers

Excellence Awards Silo 468, Helsinki, Finland Tapio Rosenius, Lighting Design Collective

Tokyo Skytree, Tokyo, Japan Hirohito Totsune, Sirius Lighting Office

Crown Towers Eastern Entry (pictured) Melbourne, Australia Paul Beale, Electrolight Merit Awards Burlington Arcade, London Andrew Howis, Speirs and Major Cité de l’Ocean et du Surf, Biarritz, France Hervé Descottes, L’Observatoire International

Sneakerology, Sydney, Australia Paul Beale, Electrolight Kunming Changshui International Airport, Kunming City, China Dr Xin Yingjie, Shanghai Grandar Light Art and Technology Citation Customised dynamic architectural elements/fixtures, Qatar National Convention Centre Banqueting Suite, Doha, Qatar Lee Prince, Light and Design Associates

Lighting Journal June 2013

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Review

FAIR’S flair Chris Fordham of Visualluce gives his pick of the products launched at this year’s Euroluce exhibition in Milan

Simes Movit

ilan’s biennial Euroluce lighting fair is usually a great place to find original products and some quirky design. The Italian city is immersed in design fever during this period, with the Salone del Mobile, of which Euroluce is a part, taking over large parts of the town. However in recent years the architectural lighting has given way to the more overtly decorative side which has always been at the core of the show. The bigger beasts of Italian lighting such as iGuzzini and Targetti were notable by their absence. Nevertheless the show didn’t disappoint in featuring some stylish and striking luminaires.

Lighting Journal June 2013

Review

Artemide Cata LED projector It is pleasing to see that the world of LEDs is increasingly driving the form of products, rather than solidstate technology being shoehorned into old housings. There were a few examples of this at the fair. Artemide’s Cata LED projector for museums and retail is a Dali-dimmable track or base-mounted product, with a number of useful accessories, such as an interchangeable optical unit and colour filters. Its tuneable 25W LED (CRI <90) is available with colour temperatures ranging from 2700K to 5700K. www.artemide.com Simes Movit Another example was the slim (34mm profile) Simes Movit 26W projector with an output of 1710lm, using symmetric and asymmetric reflectors. This uses a high-performing strip LED, and can be installed on the ground, wall, on a stake or with an arm. The lit effect is quite impressive, producing a very soft and uniform beam distribution. www.simes.com Ares Anna The wall light is not a product area that necessarily lends itself to innovation, but Anna from Ares is a tidy IP65 wall and ceiling luminaire that comes in a variety of colours and sizes, with diameters ranging from 210mm up to 410mm. The visual effect of the fitting is quite appealing and its Seoul Semiconductor LEDs provide a very homogeneous light. The opal circular light element is mounted within a circular rim which gives it the illusion of being semi-recessed. The rim itself comes in a variety of colours. www.aresill.net Martinelli Circular POL The Circular POL from Martinelli is a modular, suspended lighting system with a diffused effect. Available in both LED and fluorescent versions, the system’s various segments can be installed in different configurations using joints to form circular elements or other geometric shapes. The flexibility to create different shapes is interesting, and although the lamps could be more diffused, the overall effect is original and unusual. www.martinelliluce.it

Deltalight Tweeter Deltalight’s Tweeter range is a new surface and recessed adjustable downlight, available in metal halide, halogen and Bridgelux LED (8W-12W with an RA of <90 ). The semi-recessed option makes for a very clean, interesting aesthetic, with the light ring working well as part of the visual appeal of the overall product. Equally suitable for residential or retail. www.deltalight.co.uk Artemide Sostituto This 115W LED road light fitting from Artemide is aptly named Sostituto as it can be used as a direct replacement for existing road lighting appliances, by preserving the poles and only changing the heads. The fitting has a CRI of 80, and an LOR of 80. www.artemide.com Martini Lyra In keeping with the minimalist trends at the fair, Martini’s new street light, Lyra, comes in a 72LED 150W version, or 75W 36LED version and is available in different configurations for different road lighting requirements. Also from Martini and well worth a mention is the HD Retina LED. This is a development in LEDs that works on the premise (to quote the company’s literature) that ‘the ideal light in terms of visual comfort, and which gives the most faithful representation of colour, is that which our eye perceives at dawn and at dusk when the sun illuminates them indirectly, with a colour temperature of between 3500K and 3700K’. It works surprisingly well and I was quite impressed with how richly all colours were rendered under this source. www.martinilight.com

Artemide :Cata LED projector

Deltalight: Tweeter

Martini: Lyra

Ares: Anna wall and ceiling fitting

Artemide: Sostituto

Martinelli: Circular POL

Lighting Journal June 2013

Future concept

A barking idea? Scientists hope to create bioluminescent trees that could light our streets

Lighting Journal June 2013

iGEM team mock-up (New Scientist/BBC)

Future concept

here’s a slight touch of the triffids about glowing plants but a group of Californian scientists reckon that they could eventually genetically engineer bioluminescent trees sufficiently powerful to be used as street lights. They are inevitably a group of scientists in search of funding so one would expect ambitious goals, but at the last count 8433 people have been prepared to back them on the Kickstarter crowdfunding website with $484,013 pledged at the last count, far surpassing their original $65,000 target. The scientists – the core team includes biochemist Omri AmiravDrory-Omri, CEO of Genome Compiler, and plant scientist Kyle Taylor, both Stanford University-trained – are currently experimenting with the Arabidopsis, a small flowering plant and member of the mustard family. The team has chosen this species as it is easy to experiment with and apparently carries minimal risk for spreading into the wild, but is hoping to transfer the process to the more commercially attractive rose. Using synthetic biology techniques and Genome Compiler’s software, specially designed DNA derived from

the luminescent compounds in fireflies – luciferase, an enzyme also found in some glowing fungi and bacteria – will be inserted into a special type of bacteria, agrobacteria. ‘Flowers of the plant are then dipped into a solution containing the transformed bacteria. The bacteria injects our DNA into the cell nucleus of the flowers which pass it on to their seeds which we can grow until they glow,’ according to the scientists writing on the Kickstarter site. Agrobacteria, to which the genes are initially transferred, are increasingly used in genetic engineering because they can transfer DNA between themselves and plants. This method will only be used for prototypes, however, as the bacteria are plant pests and use of such organisms is heavily regulated. The concept of bioluminescent plants has been around since the 1980s. In 2008 scientists at the University of California created a glowing tobacco plant, using luciferase. In 2010 researchers at Cambridge University, competing in a genetic engineering competition called iGEM, produced a glow from bacteria that was sufficient to read by.

While the current team is using a different technique, they are still a long way off from the living street light. ‘We hope to have a plant which you can visibly see in the dark (like glow in the dark paint) but don’t expect to replace your light bulbs with version 1.0,’ they write. ‘The more money we raise, the more we can refine our designs and the stronger the effect we will get.’ Backers of the project are promised seeds for glowing plants, among other incentives, with delivery scheduled in May 2014 at the earliest. There have been detractors, however. One of them is Theo Sanderson, a member of the 2010 Cambridge iGem team. ‘Nobody can deny that the idea of walking down a path lit by glowing trees is pretty enticing,’ he writes in his blog. ‘What has disappointed me has been the lack of discussion as to what the team actually plans to do with the funds raised, and whether the science stacks up. My prediction is that this project will ship plants which have a dimly visible luminescence in a pitch-black room.’

‘The idea of walking down a path lit by glowing trees is pretty enticing... what has disappointed me has been the lack of discussion, and whether the science stacks up. My prediction is that this project will ship plants which have a dimly visible luminescence in a pitchblack room’ –Theo Sanderson, 2010 iGEM Cambridge team

From the Kickstarter site

Lighting Journal June 2013

Features for July/August Lighting Journal

Photometry analysed: before and after LEDs Andre Tammes profiled Workplace lighting: ILP Forum

The art of making things look good

New look Journal by call Gary on 01536 527297

Conference

A century of standard bearing

he Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage (CIE) recently celebrated its 100th anniversary in Paris, thought to be where a nascent version of the CIE started at the dawn of the 20th century. Following a welcome from the French-CIE president Cyril Chain, Ann Webb, professor at the School of Earth Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, and current CIE president, gave the keynote address on the history of lighting and art. Former president Jean Bastie then entertained approaching 1000 delegates with the history of how the CIE started and the evolution of lighting in the past 100 years. Although it is usually acknowledged that the CIE was actually founded in Berlin in 1913, its provenance is a little more complicated. In fact its foundation spreads between 1900 and 1921. It began in 1900 with an idea to define the rules for photometric measurements of gas mantles and the unification of screw threads, and evolved from there to become the CIE. Its first meeting in Zurich in 1903 proposed an international comparison of photometric standards, reminiscent of where we are today with LEDs. An early and major milestone for the commission was the definition of the V lambda standard photopic observers in 1924, eventually followed by the scotopic observer in 1951 and, of course, continued research has seen publications on the mesopic region in 2010 and 2011. The format of the two-day conference followed the usual CIE tradition of having the main papers during the morning session followed by three separate sessions to cover each of the divisions that make up the CIE. There were some 62 papers delivered, but I will just focus on a few of the more relevant road lighting papers. Steve Fotios, professor of lighting and visual perception at Sheffield University School of Architecture, presented two papers. First he spoke about the reassurance pedestrians receive from street lighting. His

Lighting Journal June 2013

continued research involves 50-plus participants who are asked to walk along roads and indicate if they feel confident or not, and why. The second paper involved participants using eye trackers as they walk along the street. It was noted that eye movements related to the task of walking on a street will be intermingled with eye movements not relevant to that task, as well as periods in which our vision may not be connected to our mental processes – if we are daydreaming, for example. Research has shown that introducing additional tasks that use up our attention capacity can reduce taskunrelated thoughts and the effects of visual ‘distractors’.

Although it is usually acknowledged that the CIE was actually founded in Berlin in 1913, its provenance is more complicated. It began in 1900 with an idea to define the rules for photometric measurements of gas mantles Ronald Gibbons, director of the Center for Infrastructure Based Safety Systems (CIBSS) at the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, outlined his ongoing research into the effects of different light source spectral distributions on detection and colour recognition of roadway objects and pedestrians. This project included an investigation of both the light source spectrum from the overhead

Photograp: Brooklyn Museum Wikimedia Commons

Nigel Parry reports on the recent CIE Centenary Conference in Paris

Conference lighting as well as that from vehicle headlamps. In order to investigate this, high-pressure sodium (HPS) and solid state (LED) overhead lighting systems were considered. Two levels of illumination were provided and small coloured targets, together with pedestrians dressed in red, blue grey and black clothing, were positioned along the roadway. The initial results found that younger participants outperformed the older ones and that road lighting plays a significant part in the detection and colour recognition of pedestrians. It was also found that the object location, the type of overhead lighting and the intensity all play a role in determining the visibility distance. Another interesting paper was given by Riad Saraijl, associate professor of architectural engineering at UAE University, where following complex modelling he concluded that from the driverâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s perspective pedestrian contrast changes along the height as well as the width of the pedestrian. The contrast could be bipolar and dynamic. The bipolarity results from the change in pedestrian contrast from negative to positive along their height or the width. The dynamic contrast is a result of the change of the luminance of the background and the luminance of the pedestrian as the driverâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s eyes get closer to the pedestrian and see the person and his/her background from different perspectives. Furthermore, the position of the pedestrian along the lateral as well as the longitudinal direction of the street has a direct impact on his or her contrast. On a less academic note, it was good to see such a high-profile UK representative as Jonathan Porritt speaking on the Implications for Lighting Energy to finish off the plenary sessions on the last day. Each CIE division took the opportunity to have its own meetings on the following three days. On Division 4 activities I can advise that a number of the technical panels met and while one report was completed and will be prepared for printing, another started following a special workshop organised by Steve Fotios: TC4-52 Lighting for Pedestrians. Nigel Parry is the UK representative for Division 4 and editor of Lighting for Transport and Signalling. The next CIE Conference will be held in Manchester in 2015

Approaching 1000 delegates attended the conference

The technical activities of the CIE are carried out under the responsibility of the divisions, chaired by a division director, each covering one sector of light and lighting. Each division establishes technical committees (TCs) to carry out the technical programme of the division. At present there are seven divisions: Division 1: Vision and colour Terms of reference: To study visual responses to light and to establish standards of response functions, models and procedures of specification relevant to photometry, colorimetry, colour rendering, visual performance and visual assessment of light and lighting. Division 2: Measurement of light and radiation Terms of reference: To study standard procedures for the evaluation of ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation, global radiation, and optical properties of materials and luminaires, as well as the optical properties and performance of physical detectors and other devices required for their evaluation. Division 3: Interior environment and lighting design Terms of reference: To study and evaluate visual factors that influence the satisfaction of the occupants of a building with their environment, and their interaction with thermal and acoustical aspects. To provide guidance on relevant design criteria for both natural and man-made lighting and to study design techniques, including relevant calculations, for the interior lighting of buildings. To incorporate these findings and those of other CIE Divisions into lighting guides for interiors in general, for particular types of interiors and for specific problems in interior lighting practice.

Division 4: Lighting and signalling for transport Terms of reference: To study lighting and visual signalling, and information requirements of transport and traffic, such as road and vehicle lighting, delineation, signing and signalling for all types of public roads and all kinds of users and vehicles, as well as visual aids for modes other than road transport. Division 5: Exterior lighting and other applications Terms of reference: To study procedures and prepare guides for the design of lighting for exterior working areas, security lighting, floodlighting, pedestrian and other urban areas without motorised traffic, areas for sports and recreation, and for mine lighting. Division 6: Photobiology and photochemistry Terms of reference: To study and evaluate the effects of optical radiation on biological and photochemical systems (exclusive of vision). Division 7: (not allocated) Division 8: Image technology Terms of reference: To study procedures and prepare guides and standards for the optical, visual and metrological aspects of the communication, processing and reproduction of images, using all types of analogue and digital imaging devices, storage media and imaging media.

Lighting Journal June 2013

Vice presidents’ column

Expanding horizons Mark Cooper, VP membership, on building quality and quantity

am extremely honoured to have been elected to the role of VP membership, which I believe is one of the most important functions that we carry out, as without the membership the institution simply does not exist. So how did I get here? Well I wanted to give back to the institution. It’s a cliché but true, and I have always been interested in helping others achieve their full potential, be it within the ILP, engineers that I have worked with or youngsters in the village football team that I helped to run. It’s what attracted me to the old membership and education committee and why, when the general membership was asked to volunteer for the newly created post of vice president for this area, I jumped at the chance, thus becoming the first to prove the new processes that allows any member of the institution to apply for a vice presidential post. I have been working in this industry for close to 25 years, starting out like many by falling into street lighting from the highways side. I have worked for local authorities, consultants, and also manufacturers in sales, marketing and product development. I left school with very few relevant qualifications and through on-the-job training, attending college for my HNC and also attending the exterior lighting courses run by the ILP and others, I have developed a rounded knowledge of the industry. This, along with continuing education, CPD and my interest in new technology, has meant that every day is a school day. I have attended a number of regional meetings to present the changes to the membership upgrade process and discuss the definition of competency and who needs it, and also to try and encourage other members to upgrade their registrations. We did go through a period of

Lighting Journal June 2013

declining membership numbers, but I am happy to say that this has levelled out and that we are actually seeing a slight growth with both returning and new members joining us. We have had a number of applications for membership upgrades and some notable ones from the architectural lighting sector. I am happy to say that we have already managed to register three of these applications at CEng level with the Engineering Council. I spend a lot of my time discussing initiatives and procedures with the Engineering Council and I am glad to report that we are considered a very forward-thinking and safe institution, and indeed some of our ideas are being held up as best practice for institutions of a similar size. We are embracing the council’s drive to enhance the role of the engineering technician and to promote this grade. To this end we have managed to map the Exterior Lighting Diploma Course (including Module 4) to the requirements of the Eng Tech registration, so that satisfactory completion of this course plus CPD records will lead to associate member grade of the ILP and engineering technician registration. This, along with the Professional Development Framework, the Skills Portal and the development of the apprenticeship scheme with my fellow VPs for education and architectural lighting, demonstrates a real commitment to providing the education for a career in this industry and a long-term commitment to the institution’s stated objectives. Having established these new procedures my next task is the marketing of these changes, promoting the value of membership

‘We are considered a forward-thinking and safe institution, and indeed some of our ideas are being held up as best practice for institutions of a similar size’ and creating messages for members, prospective members and employers on the benefit of being or employing competent lighting professionals. As I have worked within manufacturing, I am fully aware of the role companies play in the education and development of our industry and how many talented and knowledgeable people they employ. However, in my discussions with many of them, they have often stated that they do not feel that upgrading their membership or professional registration is open to them or of value. I hope that I can dispel this image and, through the use of the Professional Development Zones, the more individual application process and just talking to as many people as I can, persuade them to progress their applications and receive the professional recognition they deserve. There is one last sector of the industry we are trying to encourage to upgrade their membership. It’s those of us, myself included, who have risen through the ranks of the industry without any specific educational qualifications and are now fulfilling roles very similar in competencies to those of a chartered engineer. These people can upgrade through the experiential route, where we are again acting as a pathfinder for the Engineering Council. This route and procedures are being finalised and should be launched shortly. It has been an extremely busy year for all of us, and my role interacts with all aspects of the institution’s business and the other VPs. Indeed I could not succeed at my role without the help of all those involved, including my fellow vice presidents, the membership committee, assessment panel, interviewers and mentors, who I hope try to make the whole process enjoyable for all candidates while upholding the standards and values of professional registration. Last, but by no means least, I appreciate the support that Chantal and the rest of the staff at Rugby provide in helping me achieve these changes.

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Products

Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s new Klik Systems LEDPOD XL The XL exterior downlight is the latest addition to the LEDPOD range of rail lights. It can be installed within structural elements of buildings, facades, overhead walkways, or any area needing a robust recessed fitting with an IP65 rating. It can be installed on curved structural elements with a radius 50mm to170mm as well as on to flat surfaces, and is designed to be discreet. There are various control options: by Dali, 1-10V or DMX, with a range of LED colours available from white through to a fully controlled RGB/W DMXRDM system. The fixture comes in a variety of different beam configurations and optics with both symmetrical and asymmetrical distributions. Lumen packages range from 300lm up to 1000lm depending on the size of the downlight. www.kliksystems.com.au

Microlights iGuzzini La Venaria

Developed originally for the piazza in front of the Venaria Reale palace in Turin, La Venaria features carefully positioned LEDs in the crown of the fitting, precisely angled to strike a particular part of the square. The optical assembly comprises three light-emitting sections which combine spot and medium-beam optics to allow more precise aiming. The different angle of the spotlights, and therefore of the direction of light output, ensures uniform, even lighting. In the standard configuration, light distribution is asymmetrical and symmetrical, but distribution can be customised according to installation requirements. The IP67 fitting is designed for tool-free maintenance. www.iguzzini.co.uk

Movi

A family of chipon-board retail luminaires, Movi is designed as a replacement for 35W HID fittings. It can be surface or recess mounted and is available in either 3000mm or 2000lm versions. Fittings come wih four interchangeable reflector kits, plus a range of accessories. Using active cooling, lumen maintenance to L90 is guaranteed for five years at 50,000 hours rather than the more usual L70. In white, black and silver options, the fixture can be used on single and multicircuit ceiling track, or surface mounted with a ceiling plate. www.microlights.com

In the February issue of Lighting Journal in the Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s New section we featured the OrangeTek AriaLED lantern. It was labelled as such in the heading, but was subsequently referred to simply as the Aria. The correct and registered name for the lantern is AriaLED

Lighting Journal June 2013

Products

SELC SmartStar LED driver

The latest lighting control product from SELC has a standalone partnight dimming function, when used with a solar time or photocell switch. The DC dimmable LED driver is multi-voltage and multi-current to power LEDs and LED modules. The reduction in output, and dim start and finish can be configured to user requirements. www.selclighting.com

iGuzzini Typha

Designed for parks, gardens and other exterior applications, Typha is part marker light, part sculpture. With a form inspired by rushes, its anti-UV transparent polycarbonate body holds a cylindrical methacrylate diffuser lit by 2.2W LEDs. IP66 rated, Typha can be installed in a group (up to nine) in the ground or floor, on a stainless steel base, which acts as a support and contains warm white LEDs for uplighting the stem, or supplied for single installation on a stake. The elements come in three heights: 1000mm, 1300mm and 1500mm. www.iguzzini.co.uk

DW WIndsor DW100/DW200 series

DW Windsorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s new road lantern comes in two sizes and takes traditional light sources from 42W to 400W, including CosmoPolis. The DW100 is for residential and minor roads, suitable for P lighting classes, while the DW200 is designed for high traffic road lighting including motorways and dual carriageways, achieving the higher P and ME lighting classes. The fittings have CMS, dimming and switching options. All-aluminium (recyclable) and with flat-glass for zero upward light, lanterns are designed for mounting from 5-12m, providing on-site post-top or side-entry installation with a universal mounting adapter. www.dwwindsor.co.uk

Lighting Journal June 2013

Light on the past: 9

The visibility of objects

Simon Cornwell on how Jack Waldram took street lighting into a new era

riting in his classic book, Illumination: Its light reflected by the street surface. He was particularly Distribution and Measurement (1911), interested in the formation of dark and light lateral streaks Alexander Pelham Trotter described the formed by dry matt roads and then the change to long, idea of beacon lighting. longitudinal streaks cast towards the observer as roads ‘Street lighting carried out by widely spaced lamps of became polished by use or when they were wet. such candle-power that the illumination on the ground is He constructed a scale model road in the GEC research less than one-hundredth of a foot-candle may be called labs with black paper coated with furniture polish to beacon lighting,’ he wrote. ‘The substitute for the tarmac (sprinkled chief use of the lamps is to mark with French chalk to simulate matt out the roads, and only a small conditions.) For the lighting, he area near each lamp can be said used 2W miners’ lamps mounted to be illuminated. In such a street, on 14-inch (36cm) brass rods, one can see carriages as dark which could be moved, dimmed masses of shadow rather than or shielded as required. Using illuminated objects. On a wet night this rig, he was able to replicate one can see them better because road conditions in the laboratory the black masses show up against and conduct limited qualitative the reflecting puddles.’ experiments on minimums of Among a book packed with contrast and speed of perception. polar diagrams, illumination curves Waldram summarised his and isolux plots, Trotter made work to date in his paper, The this throwaway observation and Visibility of Objects on Artificially then continued with his ideas for Lighted Streets, at the APLE’s uniform illumination. It reveals that 1928 conference in Sheffield. It the concept of noticing a potential was a groundbreaking work and hazard by making the background discussed the appearance of the bright and the object dark had road, the characteristic patterns been noticed, but it was viewed as made on matt and specular more of an anomaly, an outcome of Drawing showing light/dark lateral patches, and bright streaks surfaces, the differences of wet beacon lighting which even then and dry roads, his experiments with was widely criticised. contrast and perception, and finally It wouldn’t be until 20 years later that the same ideas of the siting of columns on straight sections and observation would lead to further experimentation and a bends. The paper was still influenced by Units of System revolution in the concepts of street lighting prompted by the and Mid-Span points, but it showed that such concepts work and observations of Jack Waldram. Waldram joined were far less important than previously thought. GEC in 1923, following in his father’s footsteps as a lighting After the inconclusive results of the installations tested engineer, and was fascinated by the optics employed in during the conference, which showed a lack in the concept street lighting after noticing the glass refractors in use at of uniform illumination when applied to street lighting (see the time. He began immediately as a technician for sales, Lighting Journal March), Waldram’s paper was the saving laboriously plotting isolux diagrams and illumination curves grace. A major paradigm shift, it moved the emphasis away to impress potential customers. from constant illumination, founded the ideas on which ‘I clearly recall completing such a run in Castelnau, ‘silhouette’ vision was set, and founded the theoretical Barnes, and looking back along the diagonal path we underpinning on which the UK’s street lighting would be had just measured, noticing the appearance of the based for the next several decades. As Waldram summed street, and saying to myself: “This is all nonsense. up: ‘It should be remembered that in many circumstances These measurements have nothing to do with what the light reflecting from a street surface is quite as important the street looks like.”’ as the light impinging upon it.’ He started to make observations of street lighting The paper not only marked the beginning of these new systems under different conditions, noticing the patterns of ideas but also a clear change from the old guard to the new. Established lighting engineers were cautious and Haydn Harrison missed the point, suggesting a light finish for the exteriors of vehicles so that they would stand out in contrast with the dark surroundings – which was gently corrected by Waldram. But Walsh was in broad agreement and EJ Stewart was the most appreciative, rightfully concluding that ‘the paper illustrated a new stage in the theory of street lighting’. This was the epoch when theories of street lighting moved from the older generation of Trotter and Harrison and on to the next, where new ideas, and new Proposed siting plan for columns on bends researchers, would dominate.

Lighting Journal June 2013

Consultants Lorraine Calcott IEng MILP MSLL

It Does Lighting and Energy Ltd 31 Jenkins Close, Shenley Church End, Milton Keynes, MK5 6HX

T: 01908 867077 M: 07990 962692 E: Information@itdoes.co.uk W: www.itdoes.co.uk

These pages give details of suitably qualified, individual members of the Institution of Lighting Professionals (ILP) who offer consultancy services. Listing is included on main ILP website with logo (www.theilp.org.uk)

Carl Gardner

Alan Jaques

Alistair Scott

CSG Lighting Consultancy Ltd

Sector Leader – Exterior Lighting

Designs for Lighting Ltd

12, Banner Buildings, 74-84 Banner Street, London EC1Y 8JU

Broadgate House, Broadgate,Beeston, Nottingham, NG9 2HF

BA (Hons) MSc (Arch) FILP

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Professional award winning international lighting designer Lorraine Calcott creates dynamic original lighting schemes from a sustainable and energy management perspective. Helping you meet your energy targets, reduce bottom line cost and increase your ‘Green’ corporate image whilst still providing the wow factor with your interior, exterior or street lighting project.

Architectural and urban lighting design; specialist in urban lighting plans; expert witness in planning and light nuisance cases; training courses for local authorities on the prevention of light nuisance; marketing and product development consultancy for lighting manufacturers.

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Stephen Halliday

EngTech AMILP

MMA Lighting Consultancy Ltd

Principal Engineer WSP

43 Vine Crescent, Reading Berkshire, RG30 3LT

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The Victoria,150-182 The Quays, Salford, Manchester M50 3SP

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IEng MILP Atkins

T: +44 (0)115 9574900 M: 07834 507070 F: +44 (0)115 9574901 E: alan.jaques@atkinsglobal.com The consultancy offers a professional exterior lighting service covering all aspects of the sector, including design, energy management, environmental impact assessments and the development of lighting strategies and policies. It also has an extensive track record for PFI projects and their indepedent certification.

BSc (Hons) CEng FILP MIMechE 17 City Business Centre, Hyde Street, Winchester SO23 7TA

T: 01962 855080 M: 07790 022414 E: alistair@designsforlighting.co.uk W: designsforlighting.co.uk Professional lighting design consultancy providing technical advice, design and management services for exterior and interior applications including highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting. Advisors on lighting and energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

Anthony Smith Are you an individual member of the ILP? Do you offer lighting consultancy? Make sure you are listed here

IEng FILP Director

Stainton Lighting Design Services Ltd Lighting & Electrical Consultants, Dukes Way, Teesside Industrial Estate, Thornaby Cleveland TS17 9LT

T: 01642 766114 F: 01642 765509 E: enquiries@staintonlds.co.uk Specialist in all forms of exterior lighting including; Motorway, Major & Minor Highway Schemes, Architectural Illumination of Buildings, Major Structures, Public Artworks, Amenity Area Lighting, Public Open Spaces, Car Parks, Sports Lighting, Asset Management, Reports, Plans, Strategies, EIA’s, Planning Assistance, Maintenance Management, Electrical Design and Communication Network Design.

MMA Lighting Consultancy is an independent company specialising in Exterior Lighting and Electrical Design work. We are based in the South of England and operate on a national scale delivering street lighting and lighting design solutions.

Public and private sector professional services providing design, technical support, contract and policy development for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways. PFI technical advisor and certifier support. HERS registered site personnel.

John Conquest

Philip Hawtrey

Malcolm Mackness

Nick Smith

Technical Director

Lighting Consultancy and Design Services Ltd

Nick Smith Associates Limited

MA BEng(Hons) CEng MIET MILP

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4way Consulting Ltd

Mouchel

Waters Green House, Sunderland Street, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 6LF

Severn House, Lime Kiln Close, Stoke Gifford, Bristol, BS34 8SQ

T: 01625 348349 F: 01625 610923 M: 07526 419248 E: john.conquest@4wayconsulting.com W: www.4wayconsulting.com

T: 0117 9062300, F: 0117 9062301 M: 07789 501091 E: philip.hawtrey@mouchel.com W: www.mouchel.com

Unit 9, The Chase, John Tate Road, Foxholes Business Park, Hertford SG13 7NN

T: 07825 843524 E: colin.fish@wspgroup.com W: www.wspgroup.com Professional services providing design and technical support for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways and associated infrastructure. Expert surveys and environmental impact assessments regarding the effect of lighting installations and their effect on the community.

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T: 01246 229444 F: 01246 270465 E: nws@nicksmithassociates.com W: www.nicksmithassociates.com

Allan Howard

Tony Price

Alan Tulla

Technical Director (Lighting)

Capita Symonds

Alan Tulla Lighting

Colin Fish WSP

43 Old Cheltenham Road, Longlevens, Gloucester GL2 0AN

IEng MILP

Road, amenity, floodlighting and cable design. Tunnel and mast lighting. Policy and environmental impact investigations.

Widely experienced professional technical consultancy services in exterior lighting and electrical installations, providing sustainable and innovative solutions, environmental assessments, ‘Invest to Save’ strategies, lighting policies, energy procurement, inventory management and technical support. PFI Technical Advisor, Designer and Independent Certifier.

Associate

BA (Hons) IEng FILP

Specialist exterior lighting design Consultant. Private or adoptable lighting and cable network design for highways, car parks, area lighting, lighting impact assessments, expert witness. CPD accredited training in lighting design, Lighting Reality, AutoCAD and other bespoke lighting courses arranged on request.

4way Consulting provides exterior lighting and ITS consultancy and design services and specialises in the urban and inter-urban environment. Our services span the complete Project Life Cycle for both the Public and Private Sector (including PFI/DBFO).

IEng MILP

Call Julie on 01536 527295 for details

BEng(Hons) CEng FILP WSP

WSP House, 70 Chancery Lane, London WC2A 1AF

T: 07827 306483 E: allan.howard@wspgroup.com W: www.wspgroup.com Professional exterior lighting and electrical services covering design, technical support, contract and policy development including expert advice regarding energy and carbon reduction strategies, lighting efficiency legislation, light nuisance and environmental impact investigations. Registered competent designers and HERS registered site personnel.

BSc (Hons) CEng MILP MSLL Capita Symonds House, Wood Street, East Grinstead, West Sussex RH19 1UU

T: 01342 327161 F: 01342 315927 E: tony.price@capita.co.uk W: www.capitasymonds.co.uk Chartered engineer leading a specialist lighting team within a multi-disciplinary environment. All aspects of exterior and public realm lighting, especially roads, tunnels, amenity and sports. Planning advice, environmental assessment, expert witness, design, technical advice, PFIs, independent certification.

IEng FILP FSLL

12 Minden Way, Winchester, Hampshire SO22 4DS

T: 01962 855720 M:0771 364 8786 E: alan@alantullalighting.com W: www.alantullalighting.com Architectural lighting for both interior and exterior. Specialising in public realm, landscaping and building facades. Site surveys and design verification of sports pitches, road lighting and offices. Visual impact assessments and reports for planning applications. Preparation of nightscape strategies for urban and rural environments. CPDs and lighting training.

Neither Lighting Journal nor the ILP is responsible for any services supplied or agreements entered into as a result of this listing.

LIGHTING DIRECTORY Contact Julie Bland 01536 527295 julie@theilp.org.uk

COLUMN INSPECTION & TESTING CUT OUTS AND ISOLATORS

ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING LUCY LIGHTING Lucy Zodion manufactures and supplies a complete range of Electrical/ Electronic products for

Kiwa CMT Testing Non-destructive testing at the root, base, swaged joint and full visual inspection of steel lighting columns. Techniques employed include the unique Relative Loss of Section meter and Swaged Joint Analyser in addition to the traditional Magnetic Particle inspection and Ultra Sonics where appropriate.

Streetlighting:

Unit 5 Prime Park Way Prime Enterprise Park Derby DE1 3QB

• Vizion CMS

Tel 01332 383333 Fax 01332 602607

• Feeder Pillars • Pre-Wired Pillars • Photocells

ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

cmtenquiries@kiwa.co.uk www.kiwa.co.uk

MACLEAN ELECTRICAL LIGHTING DIVISION Business info: Specialist Stockist and Distributors of Road Lighting, Hazardous Area, Industrial/ Commercial/ Decorative lighting. We also provide custom-built distribution panels, interior and exterior lighting design using CAD. 7 Drum Mains Park, Orchardton, Cumbernauld, G68 9LD Tel: 01236 458000 Fax: 01236 860555 E-mail: steve.odonnell@maclean.co.uk Web site: http://www.maclean.co.uk/

EXTERIOR LIGHTING

• Cutouts/Isolators • Electronic Ballasts • Cutouts/isolators • Lighting Controls Lucy Zodion Ltd, Station Road, Sowerby Bridge, HX6 3AF tel: 01422 317337 Email: sales@lucyzodion.co.uk

BANNERS WIND RELEASING

www.lucyzodion.com

Meadowfield, Ponteland, Northumberland, NE20 9SD, England Tel: +44 (0)1661 860001 Fax: +44 (0)1661 860002 Email: info@tofco.co.uk www.tofco.co.uk Manufacturers and Suppliers of Street lighting and Traffic Equipment • Fuse Units • Switch Fuse Units • Feeder Pillars and Distribution Panels • The Load Conditioner Unit (Patent Pending) • Accessories Contact: Kevin Doherty Commercial Director kevindoherty@tofco.co.uk If you would like to switch to Tofco Technology contact us NOW!

DECORATIVE & FESTIVE LIGHTING

Specialist in high quality decorative and festive lighting. A full range of equipment is available for direct purchase or hire including unique firework lights, column motifs, cross road displays, festoon lighting and various tree lighting systems. Our services range from supply only of materials, hire, design and or total management of schemes. More information is available from: Head Office City Illuminations Ltd Griffin House, Ledson Road, Roundthorn Ind Est Manchester M23 9GP Tel: 0161 969 5767 Fax: 0161 945 8697 Email: dave@cityilluminations.co.uk

Contact Julie Bland 01536 527295 julie@theilp.org.uk

EXTERIOR LIGHTING

LIGHTING

LIGHTING COLUMNS

Designers and manufacturers of street and amenity lighting.

Contact Julie Bland 01536 527295 julie@theilp.org.uk

319 Long Acre Nechells Birmingham UK B7 5JT t: +44(0)121 678 6700 f: +44(0)121 678 6701 e: sales@candela.co.uk

SHATTER RESISTANT LAMP COVERS

candela L I G H T

CU PHOSCO LIMITED Manufacturers of Lighting Columns, Floodlighting & Luminaires. Specialists in the design of Lighting Schemes for sports, car parks, docks & airports. Standard Lighting Columns and Lanterns available from stock at competitive prices. Charles House, Great Amwell, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 9TA Tel: 01920 860600 Fax: 01920 485915 E-mail: sales@cuphosco.co.uk Website: www.cuphosco.co.uk

LIGHTING

LIGHT MEASURING EQUIPMENT LIGHTING CONTROLS

HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS LTD Suppliers of a wide range of quality light measuring and photometric equipment.

LUCY LIGHTING Lucy Zodion manufactures and supplies a complete range of Electrical/Electronic products for Streetlighting: • Vizion CMS • Feeder Pillars • Pre-Wired Pillars • Photocells • Cutouts/Isolators • Electronic Ballasts • Cutouts/isolators • Lighting Controls Lucy Zodion Ltd, Station Road, Sowerby Bridge, HX6 3AF tel: 01422 317337 Email: sales@lucyzodion.co.uk

HAGNER PHOTOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS LTD PO Box 210 Havant, PO9 9BT Tel: 07900 571022 E-mail: enquiries@ hagnerlightmeters.com www.hagnerlightmeters.com

julie@theilp.org.uk

TRAINING SERVICES

CPD Accredited Training

METER ADMINISTRATION

www.lucyzodion.com

Contact Julie Bland 01536 527295

Holscot Fluoroplastics Ltd Fluorosafe shatter resistant covers – Manufactured from high molecular weight Fluoroplastic material whose lifespan exceeds all maximum quoted lifespans for any fluorescent Lamps. Holscot supply complete covered lamps or sleeves only for self fitting. Alma Park Road, Alma Park Industrial Estate, Grantham, Lincs, NG31 9SE Contact: Martin Daff, Sales Director Tel: 01476 574771 Fax: 01476 563542 Email: martin@holscot.com www.holscot.com

Meter Administrator Power Data Associates Ltd are the leading meter administrator in Great Britain. We achieve accurate energy calculations assuring you of a cost effective quality service. Offering independent consultancy advice to ensure correct inventory coding, unmetered energy forecasting and impact of market developments.

01525 862690 info@PowerDataAssociates.com www.PowerDataAssociates.com Wrest Park, Silsoe, Beds MK45 4HR

• AutoCAD (basic or advanced) • Lighting Reality • AutoluxLighting Standards • Lighting Design Techniques • Light Pollution • Tailored Courses please ring Venues by arrangement Contact Nick Smith

Nick Smith Associates Ltd 36 Foxbrook Drive, Chesterfield, S40 3JR t: 01246 229 444 f: 01246 270 465 e : mail@nicksmithassociates.com w: www.nicksmithassociates.com

Diary 2013 24-25 June Euroled Conference and exhibition Venue: ICC, Birmingham www.euroled.org.uk

26 -30 August High-Performance Energy Buildings Brandi Institute for Light and Design Location: Hamburg, Germany www.brandi-institute.com

14 November Fundamental Lighting Electrical Course (See 21 August for details) Venue: ILP, Regent House, Rugby Contact: jess@theilp.org.uk

26 June Charles Marques Memorial Lecture Venue: Royal Institution Contact: jess@theilp.org.uk

11-12 September ILP Professional Lighting Summit 2013 Venue: Thistle Hotel, Glasgow Contact: jess@theilp.org.uk

20 November Lux Awards Westminster Park Plaza, London SE1 www.luxawards.co.uk

17-19 September Lux Europa: 12th European Lighting Conference Location: Krakow, Poland Contact: vitax@witakowski.eu

20-21 November LuxLive Earls Court 2, London www.luxlive.co.uk

24-26 September LED Professional Symposium and Expo Location: Bregenz, Austria www.led-professional-symposium.com

22 November Lighting Legislation (including daylight) Mid Career College Venue: CIBSE, London SW12 www.cibsetraining.co.uk/mcc

27 June Local Authority Lighting 2013 Surveyor/ILP Venue: Grand Connaught Rooms, London WC2 Contact: m.curnick@hgluk.com 2 July Lighting and the health and wellbeing of older people ILP seminar and campaign launch Venue: Association of Anaesthetists, 21 Portland Place, London W1 Contact: jo@theilp.org.uk 8-19 July Daylighting Summer Course University of Florida/PLDA Location: Vicenza, Italy www.daylightthinking.com 17 July Lighting and Energy Efficiency Mid Career College Venue: CIBSE, London SW1 www.cibsetraining.co.uk/mcc 20 August Fundamental Lighting Course (One-day course on basics of light, lighting design and maintenance) Venue: ILP, Regent House, Rugby ILP member: ÂŁ195 + VAT Non-member: ÂŁ340 + VAT Contact: jess@theilp.org.uk 21 August Fundamental Lighting Electrical Course (One-day course on basic electrical practices and principles for outdoor lighting schemes and other electrical street furniture. Venue: ILP, Regent House, Rugby Prices as above Contact: jess@theilp.org.uk

Lighting Journal June 2013

3-5 October IALD Enlighten Americas (On educating lighting designers) Venue: Hyatt Regency, Montreal, Canada www.iald.org

Full details of all regional events can be found at: www.theilp.org.uk/events/

7-9 October Light Middle East Venue: Dubai International Convention and Exhibition Centre, UAE www.lightme.net 16 October Lighting and Energy Efficiency Mid Career College Venue: CIBSE, London SW1 www.cibsetraining.co.uk/mcc 23 October How to specify office lighting Mid Career College Venue: CIBSE, London SW1 www.cibsetraining.co.uk/mcc 30 October-2 November PLDC Venue: Bella Center, Copenhagen www.pld-c.com 13 November Fundamental Lighting Course (See 20 August for details) Venue: ILP, Regent House, Rugby Contact: jess@theilp.org.uk

26 June: Charles Marques Memorial Lecture, Royal Institution, London

The Institution of Lighting Professionals presents the 37th annual

Charles Marques MeMorial lecture THE OBJECTIVITY oF SuBJectiVe trutHS WEDNESDAY 26 JUNE 2013, 6:00Pm Royal InStItutIon, london

speaker: prOFessOr seMIr ZekI, Frs, FMeDsCI Professor of neuroesthetics In his book on colour vision, the philosopher arthur Schopenhauer wrote that “a better understanding and a firmer conviction of the wholly subjective nature of colour is a very good introduction to the Kantian doctrine of the likewise subjective, intellectual forms of all knowledge”. the theme of this lecture will be that the only truths we can be certain of are subjective truths, be they of colour, or of love and beauty, or of hate. Professor Zeki will illustrate this by describing how the brain constructs constant colours to obtain knowledge of our world. He will continue by describing other subjective truths which we can be sure of – such as the experience of love, beauty, desire and hate – and the strong, objectively verifiable, relationship that exists between the declared intensity of such subjective experiences and the intensity of activity in specific brain areas that correlates with these subjective states. Professor Zeki will

For more information call us on 01788 576492 Register for FREE now at www.theilp.org.uk/cmml

end by showing some unusual lighting effects which are constructed in the brain, namely coloured shadows, which he has used to prepare art exhibits at the Pecci Museum of Contemporary art in Milan, entitled White on White: Beyond Malevich. In these, brilliant (subjective) colours are produced when a white sculpture is presented against a white background and illuminated by white light and light of different colours.

Prof S. Zeki’s & V. Patel’s artwork entitled Squaring a Circle (2011) Pecci Museum of Contemporary art in Milan