LIVE Palazzo Research #1 by Matteo Blandford

PRECEDENTS

TABLE TABLE OF OF CONTENTS: CONTENTS:

_COMMON GROUNDS - Venice architecture biennale 2012 / JAPANESE PAVILLION - Architecture. Possible here? Home-for-all / BRITISH PAVILLION - Venice Take Away // New [Socialist] Village

COMMON GROUNDS Venice Architecture Biennale 2012

1. Venice Architecture Biennale 2012 Logo and Banner

THIS THEME IS A DELIBERATE ACT OF RESISTANCE TOWARDS THE IMAGE OF ARCHITECTURE PROPAGATED.

(David Chipperfield)

2. Parthenon

I WISH TO PROMOTE THE FACT THAT ARCHITECTURE IS INTERNALLY CONNECTED, INTELLECTUALLY AND PRACTICALLY, SHARING COMMON CONCERNS, INFLUENCES AND INTENTIONS. (David Chipperfield)

3. Map of the pavillions presented at the Venice Architecture Biennale 2012

JAPANESE PAVILLION

Architecture. Possible here? Home-for-all. Toyo Ito Kumiko Inui Sou Fujimoto Akihisa Hirata Naoya Hatakeyama

For the Japan National pavilion exhibit in the 2012 International architecture biennale in Venice, commisioner Toyo Ito presents: a proposal to offer housing solutions for all the people who lost their homes in the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011, specifically in the city of Rikuzentakata. Responding to architecture in the modern era by reevaluating its aesthetic and formal definition within the context of a site currently undergoing a revitalization a series of potential projects are displayed atop bases made of solid wood planks. Natural timber columns seem to hold the pavilion from the open courtyard below, echoing the schemes of each dwelling anchored amongst a series of vertical pillars. Full-size panoramas of the host city after the tsunami create the setting as a backdrop to the environment. “One characteristic of ‘home-for-all’ is the way in which those ‘making’ the facilities and those ‘living’ in the join together to discuss the project during the design and building processes... why a building is made, and for whom - have been forgotten. a disaster zone where everything is lost offers the perfect opportunity for us to take a fresh look, from the ground up, at what architecture really is.” designboom.com

4. The Great Wave off Kanagawa Katsushika Hokusai

5. Photo of Rikuzentakata before the tsunami by Naoya Hatakeyama

6. Photo of Rikuzentakata after the tsunami by Naoya Hatakeyama

7. Photo of Rikuzentakata after the tsunami by Naoya Hatakeyama

tsunami

reconstruction

8. Sketch model of the Japanese Pavillion arrangement

“One characteristic of ‘home-for-all’ is the way in which those ‘making’ the facilities and those ‘living’ in the join together to discuss the project during the design and building processes... why a building is made, and for whom - have been forgotten. a disaster zone where everything is lost offers the perfect opportunity for us to take a fresh look, from the ground up, at what architecture really is.” Toyo Ito

9. Photo of the forest behind Rikuzentakata

10. of the esistenziale”: Japanese Pavillion 11. Photo “Comunita’ rendered view of the street level

Designboom.com interviewed Sou Fujimoto, one of the participating architects of this year’s Japan pavilion at the 2012 Venice Architecture Biennale: “He gave us an exclusive tour of the projects on show and discussed the important themes of the exhibition. ‘I was invited by mr. Ito to contribute to this project following several months post-quake during which I had not the slightest clue what I could do, or what approach to take, as an architect or as an individual. I was profoundly struck by the fundamental question of ‘whether architecture was still necessary, whether there was anything architecture could do, whether architecture was even possible’, and the idea that a new architecture could only emerge beyond those questions. I was gripped by a powerful desire to be present at the moment architecture is re-generated, alongside the fundamentals of human endeavor, and to see it through. initially the project was plagued by difficulties. our strong focus on the search for this new architecture drove us round and round in circles,

11. Toyo Ito presenting the project to the community 12. Map of international funding for the east coast of Japan

but once we arrived on site, speaking to the people we met there about the realities of their everyday lies, and actually having physically experienced the sit for ourselves, I began to sense the emergence of an architecture that would inevitably arise in this place, among these people; the product of snippets of conversation, scenes that lasted just a fleeting instant but stayed in memory: accumulating in orderly fashion. This architecture nearing completion does not seem to belong to any particular period or style. Yet it reaches out towards something universal. Can that be because the myriad of memories once held by this community, the bonds between people that are starting to take form here, the vitality of people going about their day to day lives; the countless experiences and memories and hopes that words cannot express possessed by people who have overcome a major disaster, have taken shape as a building via a method that could only occur here. It is something that did not exist anywhere before, and yet perhaps existed in the memories of everyone here. Thus, architecture emerges once again, from the people.’” Sou Fujimoto for designboom.com

Rikuzentakata

Hachimohe Kamahishi Ofunato Kesennuma MinamiSanrikucho Ishinomaki Omagawacho Shiogama Shichigahamamachi Tagajo Natori Sendai Soma Iwanuma Fukushima Prefecture Iwate & Miyagi Prefecture

OF PRODUCTS, ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC TECHNOLOGY-MANTAIN AND DEVELOP THE LINKS ENSTABLISHEDO THROUGH THE CRISIS AMONG PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD; PROMOTE EXCHANGES BETWEEN THE AFFECTEDT AREAS AND OTHER COUNTRIES_ECONOMIC REVITALIZATION OPEN TO THE WORLD-PROMOTE FOREIGNA DIRECT INVESTMENT; ENCOURAGE GLOBAL COMPANIES TO ENSTABLISH RESEARCH AND ASIAND HEADQUATERS FUNCTIONS IN JAPAN-DEVELOP AN ENVIROMENT TO EMPLOY AND ACCOMODATE FOREIGNH NATIONAL WHO POSSESS EXCEPTIONAL TECHNICAL SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE; A POINTS BASED INCENTIVEN IMMIGRATION SYSTEM_RECONSTRUCTION OPEN TO THE WORLD-BASED ON THE COMPASSION SHOWN BYI THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, JAPAN MUST MOVE FORWARD STRONGLY AND QUICKLY ONT RECONSTRUCTING EFFORTS AND BECOMING AN EVEN MORE ATTRACTIVE COUNTRY. THE DISASTER BROUGHTR GREAT DAMAGE ON INTERNATIONAL SUPPLY CHAINS AND ONCE AGAIN RAISED AWARENESS AMONGG PEOPLE WITHIN AND OUTSIDE JAPAN OF THE DEEP LINKAGE BETWEEN JAPAN AND THE WORLD. IN LIGHT OFP THIS JAPAN MUST STRENGTHEN KIZUNA WITH THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY AND AIM FOR RECONST-T RUCTION NOT INWARD LOOKING BUT OPEN THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY_HOPE BEYOND THER DISASTERPROMOTING UNDERSTANDING OF JAPAN’S REVIVAL WITHIN AND OUTSIDE JAPAN-PREVENT THED SPREAD OF REPUTATIONAL DAMAGES THROUGH THE DISSEMINATION OF ACCURATE INFORMATION-RESTORES FAITH IN THE “JAPAN BRAND” BY PUTTING OUT A CALL TO PEOPLE ALL OVER THE WORLD; APPEALING SAFETY,F HIGH QUALITY OF PRODUCTS, ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC TECHNOLOGY-MANTAIN AND DEVELOP THE LINKSH ENSTABLISHED THROUGH THE CRISIS AMONG PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD; PROMOTE EXCHANGES BETWEENE THE AFFECTED AREAS AND OTHER COUNTRIES_ECONOMIC REVITALIZATION OPEN TO THE WORLD-PROMOTET FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT; ENCOURAGE GLOBAL COMPANIES TO ENSTABLISH RESEARCH AND ASIANF HEADQUATERS FUNCTIONS IN JAPAN-DEVELOP AN ENVIROMENT TO EMPLOY AND ACCOMODATE FOREIGNH 20 NATIONAL WHO POSSESS EXCEPTIONAL TECHNICAL SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE; A POINTS BASED INCENTIVEN IMMIGRATION SYSTEM_RECONSTRUCTION OPEN TO THE WORLD-BASED ON THE COMPASSION SHOWN BYI THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, JAPAN MUST MOVE FORWARD STRONGLY AND QUICKLY ONT RECONSTRUCTING EFFORTS AND BECOMING AN EVEN MORE ATTRACTIVE COUNTRY. THE DISASTER BROUGHTR GREAT DAMAGE ON INTERNATIONAL SUPPLY CHAINS AND ONCE AGAIN RAISED AWARENESS AMONGG PEOPLE WITHIN AND OUTSIDE JAPAN OF THE DEEP LINKAGE BETWEEN JAPAN AND THE WORLD. IN LIGHT OFP THIS JAPAN MUST STRENGTHEN KIZUNA WITH THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY AND AIM FOR RECONST-T RUCTION NOT INWARD LOOKING BUT OPEN THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY_HOPE BEYOND THER DISASTERPROMOTING UNDERSTANDING OF JAPAN’S REVIVAL WITHIN AND OUTSIDE JAPAN-PREVENT THED SPREAD OF REPUTATIONAL DAMAGES THROUGH THE DISSEMINATION OF ACCURATE INFORMATION-RESTORES FAITH IN THE “JAPAN BRAND” BY PUTTING OUT A CALL TO PEOPLE ALL OVER THE WORLD; APPEALING SAFETY,F HIGH QUALITY OF PRODUCTS, ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC TECHNOLOGY-MANTAIN AND DEVELOP THE LINKSH ENSTABLISHED THROUGH THE CRISIS AMONG PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD; PROMOTE EXCHANGES BETWEENE THE AFFECTED AREAS AND OTHER COUNTRIES_ECONOMIC REVITALIZATION OPEN TO THE WORLD-PROMOTET FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT; ENCOURAGE GLOBAL COMPANIES TO ENSTABLISH RESEARCH AND ASIANF HEADQUATERS FUNCTIONS IN JAPAN-DEVELOP AN ENVIROMENT TO EMPLOY AND ACCOMODATE FOREIGNH NATIONAL WHO POSSESS EXCEPTIONAL TECHNICAL SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE; A POINTS BASED INCENTIVEN IMMIGRATION SYSTEM_RECONSTRUCTION OPEN TO THE WORLD-BASED ON THE COMPASSION SHOWN BYI THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, JAPAN MUST MOVE FORWARD STRONGLY AND QUICKLY ONT RECONSTRUCTING EFFORTS AND BECOMING AN EVEN MORE ATTRACTIVE COUNTRY. THE DISASTER BROUGHTR

PRIVATE_DRIVE_FUNDS_REGION_DEVELOPMENT_N UCLEAR_KEY_TOOLS_WORLD_CONCEPT_OVERVIE W_SPECIAL_ZONE_INDUSTRIES_DEVELOPMENT_EA RTHQUAKE_STRATEGY_REBIRTH_JAPAN_INCIDENT_ PROJECTS_ACHIEVEMENT_PLANS_RECONSTRUCTI ON_NEW_MEDICAL_BASE_RENEWABLE_ENERGY_ NEW_FRONTIERS_CONTROL_ENVIRONMENTAL_PR OBLEMS_RELATIONSHIPS_AGING_GROWTH_RECO VERY_PROMOTION_TOWN_BUILDING_INTERNATI ONAL_SECURED_HOUSING_RISKS_SCIENCE_REGU LATIONS_BIRTH_PROCEDURES_NEW_GROWTH_ST RATEGY_OVERALL_FISCAL_HEALTH_JAPAN_GLOBA L_AGENDA_IDEAS_SOCIETY_REBIRTH_IMPLEMENT_ LAND_USE_IDENTITY_REVIVE_SPACE_TECHNOLOG Y_PIONEERING_FINANCE_ECONOMY_SPECIAL_M EASURES_EXPLORATION_PUBLIC_SECTOR_CONTRIB UTION_SUSTAINABILITY_LEADER_RESOURCE_RESTR UCTURING_HUMAN_OPPORTUNITIES_SOLVING_IS SUES_ARRANGEMENTS_MODELS_EDUCATION_EXP LORING_PRESSURE_NATION_PROBLEM_SOLVING

DOF PRODUCTS, ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC TECHNOLOGY-MANTAIN AND DEVELOP THE LINKS ENSTABLISHED THROUGH THE CRISIS AMONG PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD; PROMOTE EXCHANGES BETWEEN THE AFFECTED AREAS AND OTHER COUNTRIES_ECONOMIC REVITALIZATION OPEN TO THE WORLD-PROMOTE FOREIGN NDIRECT INVESTMENT; ENCOURAGE GLOBAL COMPANIES TO ENSTABLISH RESEARCH AND ASIAN NHEADQUATERS FUNCTIONS IN JAPAN-DEVELOP AN ENVIROMENT TO EMPLOY AND ACCOMODATE FOREIGN ENATIONAL WHO POSSESS EXCEPTIONAL TECHNICAL SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE; A POINTS BASED INCENTIVE YIMMIGRATION SYSTEM_RECONSTRUCTION OPEN TO THE WORLD-BASED ON THE COMPASSION SHOWN BY THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, JAPAN MUST MOVE FORWARD STRONGLY AND QUICKLY ON RECONSTRUCTING EFFORTS AND BECOMING AN EVEN MORE ATTRACTIVE COUNTRY. THE DISASTER BROUGHT GREAT DAMAGE ON INTERNATIONAL SUPPLY CHAINS AND ONCE AGAIN RAISED AWARENESS AMONG PEOPLE WITHIN AND OUTSIDE JAPAN OF THE DEEP LINKAGE BETWEEN JAPAN AND THE WORLD. IN LIGHT OF -THIS JAPAN MUST STRENGTHEN KIZUNA WITH THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY AND AIM FOR RECONSTRUCTION NOT INWARD LOOKING BUT OPEN THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY_HOPE BEYOND THE DISASTERPROMOTING UNDERSTANDING OF JAPAN’S REVIVAL WITHIN AND OUTSIDE JAPAN-PREVENT THE SPREAD OF REPUTATIONAL DAMAGES THROUGH THE DISSEMINATION OF ACCURATE INFORMATION-RESTORE FAITH IN THE “JAPAN BRAND” BY PUTTING OUT A CALL TO PEOPLE ALL OVER THE WORLD; APPEALING SAFETY, HIGH QUALITY OF PRODUCTS, ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC TECHNOLOGY-MANTAIN AND DEVELOP THE LINKS ENSTABLISHED THROUGH THE CRISIS AMONG PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD; PROMOTE EXCHANGES BETWEEN THE AFFECTED AREAS AND OTHER COUNTRIES_ECONOMIC REVITALIZATION OPEN TO THE WORLD-PROMOTE NFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT; ENCOURAGE GLOBAL COMPANIES TO ENSTABLISH RESEARCH AND ASIAN NHEADQUATERS FUNCTIONS IN JAPAN-DEVELOP AN ENVIROMENT TO EMPLOY AND ACCOMODATE FOREIGN ENATIONAL WHO POSSESS EXCEPTIONAL TECHNICAL SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE; A POINTS BASED INCENTIVE YIMMIGRATION SYSTEM_RECONSTRUCTION OPEN TO THE WORLD-BASED ON THE COMPASSION SHOWN BY THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, JAPAN MUST MOVE FORWARD STRONGLY AND QUICKLY ON RECONSTRUCTING EFFORTS AND BECOMING AN EVEN MORE ATTRACTIVE COUNTRY. THE DISASTER BROUGHT GREAT DAMAGE ON INTERNATIONAL SUPPLY CHAINS AND ONCE AGAIN RAISED AWARENESS AMONG PEOPLE WITHIN AND OUTSIDE JAPAN OF THE DEEP LINKAGE BETWEEN JAPAN AND THE WORLD. IN LIGHT OF -THIS JAPAN MUST STRENGTHEN KIZUNA WITH THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY AND AIM FOR RECONSTRUCTION NOT INWARD LOOKING BUT OPEN THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY_HOPE BEYOND THE DISASTERPROMOTING UNDERSTANDING OF JAPAN’S REVIVAL WITHIN AND OUTSIDE JAPAN-PREVENT THE SPREAD OF REPUTATIONAL DAMAGES THROUGH THE DISSEMINATION OF ACCURATE INFORMATION-RESTORE FAITH IN THE “JAPAN BRAND” BY PUTTING OUT A CALL TO PEOPLE ALL OVER THE WORLD; APPEALING SAFETY, HIGH QUALITY OF PRODUCTS, ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC TECHNOLOGY-MANTAIN AND DEVELOP THE LINKS ENSTABLISHED THROUGH THE CRISIS AMONG PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD; PROMOTE EXCHANGES BETWEEN THE AFFECTED AREAS AND OTHER COUNTRIES_ECONOMIC REVITALIZATION OPEN TO THE WORLD-PROMOTE NFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT; ENCOURAGE GLOBAL COMPANIES TO ENSTABLISH RESEARCH AND ASIAN 13. Most repeated words during NHEADQUATERS FUNCTIONS IN JAPAN-DEVELOP AN ENVIROMENT TO EMPLOY AND ACCOMODATE post-earthquake discussions FOREIGN ENATIONAL WHO POSSESS EXCEPTIONAL TECHNICAL SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE; A POINTS BASED INCENTIVE YIMMIGRATION SYSTEM_RECONSTRUCTION OPEN TO THE WORLD-BASED ON THE COMPASSION SHOWN BY THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, JAPAN MUST MOVE FORWARD STRONGLY AND QUICKLY ON RECONSTRUCTING EFFORTS AND BECOMING AN EVEN MORE ATTRACTIVE COUNTRY. THE DISASTER BROUGHT

THE IMPORTANCE OF A

COMMUNITY SPACE 22

IN THE REGROWTH OF A DESTROYED CITY IS:

14. Sketch model of the proposal

DESIRE TO UNIFY A place to be together, a sense of community

APPRENTICESHIP SMALL PUBLIC BUILDING NEW MEANING OF INDIVIDUAL Artisan workshop of construction

With materials from local manufacturers for free or cheap

Small in scale but the realisation comes from being together mind and heart

Those who build and those who live join in a discussion about construction and development

Toyo Ito

BRITISH PAVILLION VENICE TAKE AWAY

New [SOCIALIST] Village

15. Venice Take Away - British Pavillion Logo

Darryl Chen studied Caochangdi, an atypical ‘new socialist village’ on Beijing’s Fifth Ring Road with a thriving and diverse mixed-income community. Amongst the city’s singularly masterplanned mega-developments, Caochangdi is an anomaly. In the space created by the Chinese government’s evolving planning laws, the village’s growth is driven by the instincts of local peasants and the bohemian opportunism of artists who have established a set of unstated rules governing urban form. The Localism Act of 2011 provides the biggest opportunity in decades to rethink the role of planning. Chen argues that the time has come to breathe new life into the idea of the village by eliminating townscape sentimentalism and recovering economic growth as the primary driver of urban form. Chen’s project questions the seemingly one-way importation of Western ideas and expertise into China by asking, what can China teach the UK about planning? Why did you want to be part of Venice Takeaway? This is a forum for the best architectural ideas rather than the best work of a subjectively selected group of architects. The pavilion is showcasing game- ch anging ideas at a time when we desperately need to stimulate new thinking and new approaches to practice. Considering today’s economic climate, this seems more relevant than indulging in retrospectives.

Where did your idea come from? My idea sparked from frustration with the planning system and the arbitrary hurdles it makes you jump through. In the UK, I’ve noticed a kind of love of anomalous detail, which is both brilliantly distinctive and maddeningly frustrating. The Chinese, on the other hand, are able to unlock urban intensity and economic opportunism at a time when they’ve become more open to new ways of doing things. How are research and exploration important to your practice? Design doesn’t come from thin air. Research enables a platform for a design idea to take flight. The most interesting propositions come from taking found, sometimes unexpected, phenomena as a starting point, and asking ‘what if?’ I find that exceptions to norms often say as much, if not more, about a society than intentional urban design. Consequently, I’m interested in the fringe, the underrated, the unlikely and the sometimes perverse. Research becomes a mode of operating without the rigidity of presumed outcomes. Interview published on the booklet: New [Socialist] VIllage

15. NEW [SOCIALIST] VILLAGE booklet

VILLAGE IN THE CITY = VILLAGE URBANISM 26

VILLAGE URBANISM 乡村都市化 A culture of copying and making small adaptions can lead to the creation of a vernacular style of building. Incremental design improvements including small personalisation and microinnovations will persist and be replicated throughout the village. A local identity will be enstablished that has emerged in an organic way. 16. Concept of program of Chaogandi 17. Artwork of Bejing street with Mao Tzetung image

NEW [SOCIALIST] VILLAGE IT FOLLOWS THE COUNTRY’S POLITICAL ETHOS AND ECONOMY BUT IT TAKES IT TO THE EXTREME

The Localism Act requires the geographical definition as a pragmatic necessity, with jurisdictional clarity over where the local regime of planning rules starts and ends. The positive consequence is that it reinforces difference between inside and outside the village, fostering a zone of experimentation. It intensifies locality and can potentially spark economic competition from village to village creating strong points of distinction, or unique selling points. The proposed restriction of plot sizes keeps land acquisition costs low, and maintains a low threshold to economic entry. Consolidation 28 of plots is prohibited thus resisting volume house builders and large commercial developers whose economic interest may leave land undeveloped at the expense of local interests.

18. Wall of Chaogandi 19. Chinese prime minister and British prime minister in NEW [SOCIALIST] VILLAGE booklet 20. Wall of Chaogandi 21. Artwork of satellite view of Chaogandi and Chinese prime minister

“GUERRILLA” ACTION OF CONSTRUCTION OF ILLEGAL ART GALLERY SPACES = AFFLUENCE OF ARTISTS. ILLEGAL ACTION WITH POSITIVE POLITICAL AND ECONOMICAL OUTCOME SPARES DEMOLITION

A lack of restriction on material palettes, fenestration and ornament releases building projects. An imperative to build simply and cheaply thus finds the natural value point where the returns on investments are maximised and issues of taste are overshadowed by economic priorities. Under the Localism Act, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;neighbourhood development ordersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; are intended to facilitate certain types or extents of buildings without normal planning application procedures. An extension of this could see a near total relaxation of planning controls, and give up the control of buit development to negotiations at the level of the neighbour. This abolishes restrictions that a design guide or developement framework artificially imposes in the service of subjective notions of townscape.

22. Drawing of Chaogandi 23. Chaogandi in construction 24. Artwork of satellite view of London with Queen Elizabeth II

A COLLECTIVELY REDEVELOPED SITE WITH MULTIPLE SMALL SELF BUILD STRUCTURES CREATES THE PERFECT CONDITIONS FOR ENTREPRENEURIAL STARTUPS AND A SELFSUSTAINED VILLAGE WITH VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS

VILLAGE/AS/ START-UP/ VILLAGE/AS/ COOPERATIVE 32

VILLAGE/AS/ THINKTANK VILLAGE/AS/ INDUSTRY

25. Gallery in Chaogandi 26. Concept of program of Chaogandi 27. Street of Chaogandi 28. Artwork of street in London with British prime minister

THE/ WORKING/ VILLAGE

CHEAP SIMPLE EFFECTIVE, A NEW DESIGN GUIDE, COPYCAT CULTURE, PROMISE TO BUILD FREELY, TYPOLOGIES OF ACTION: DOMESTIC EXTENSION PLOT EXTRUSION COURTYARDS IMPROVED COMMERCIAL SLAB WAREHOUSE REFURBISHED