Help Wanted: Creating Stability for the LGBTQ Homeless Youth Through Live/Work Space by Matt Ford

HELP WA N T E D

Creating Stability for the LGBTQ Homeless Youth Through Live/Work Space

â&#x20AC;&#x153;A dream you dream alone is only a dream. A dream you dream together is reality.â&#x20AC;? -John Lennon

Background

This capstone has developed out of my personal experience of coming out as gay. I went through a long process of self-acceptance and I would not be where I am without the support of my family and friends. Near the beginning of the coming out process, I went to LGBTQ youth group meetings. There I came to realize that some of my peers’ experiences were much more trying and painful than my own. Many of them faced rejection from friends and family; some of them were forced out of their own homes. I became involved with Town Hall Apartments, a lowincome senior facility in Boystown, Chicago, in spring 2015. The apartments are special because the majority of the residents self-identify as LGBTQ. Adjacent to Town Hall Apartments, is Chicago’s famed Center on Halsted, a multifaceted LGBT community center. Gensler, an architecture firm I was working for at the time, was involved with the creation of both of these spaces. Town Hall Apartments’ interior design was by Designs for Dignity, a pro bono design firm that serves nonprofit organizations in need. My Sunday mornings were spent managing the front desk and entrance of Town Hall Apts. Acting as the liaison between Gensler, Designs for Dignity, and Town Hall Apartments, I was able to interview the designers, property managers, and residents

of Town Hall Apartments, gaining a better understanding of issues the LGBTQ community is facing right now in the U.S. This project will cover why Cincinnati is in need of LGBTQspecific youth housing/services, precedents and trends happening in the U.S. and abroad, a program designed around the specific needs, and a model to represent the solution at a specific site. The deliverables of this capstone will include: a research booklet, a building’s interior design, a specific site in Cincinnati, and models, drawings, and renderings of the completed design. While this capstone will not provide a physical solution for homeless LGBTQ youth in Cincinnati, it will raise awareness of: the disproportionate representation of LGBTQ homeless youth to general homeless youth, Ohio’s lack of protection for its marginalized LGBTQ population, and the need for LGBTQ-specific services. As a result of this capstone, citizens of Cincinnati will be educated on the LGBTQ homeless population, what their needs are versus the general homeless youth population, and a possible solution to this problem. Matt Ford 3

CONTENTS

P06 I N T R O D U C T I O N P20 T R E N D S & P R O B L E M P36 P R EC E D E N T S P56 C O N T E X T & LO C AT I O N P76 P R O J EC T P R O P E RT I E S P102 A P P E N D I X 5

INTRODUCTION

Definitions LGBTQ

GENDER IDENTITY

Refers to a person’s innate, deeply felt psychological identification as a man, woman or some other gender, which may or may not correspond to the sex assigned to them at birth.2

GENDER EXPRESSION

Gender expression refers to all of the external characteristics and behaviors that are socially defined as either masculine or feminine, such as dress, grooming, mannerisms, speech patterns and social interactions.3

SEXUAL ORIENTATION

The preferred term used when referring to an individual’s physical and/or emotional attraction to the same and/or opposite gender.4

TRANSITION AGE YOUTH

18-24 year olds. In accessing services, this age group is considered homeless. However, by HUD’s definition, under 18 year olds can be considered homeless if they are couchsurfing. Transition Age youth are not considered homeless until they are on the street.5

SOGIE

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning.1

Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Expression.

How many identify as LGBT? About 3.5% of Americans identify as LGBT

Why is this a population we should be focused on? How many homeless youth are actually LGBT? According to The Williams Institute, in the United States alone, around 3.5% of Americans self-identify as LGBT.6 However, a recent study entitled, “Serving Our Youth: Findings from a National Survey of Service Providers Working with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth who are Homeless or At Risk of Becoming Homeless,” found that out of the total homeless youth population in the United States, around 20-40% self-identify as LGBT.7 This is a highly disproportionate number that forces us to wonder why this population is homeless in the first place?

40% of homeless youth identify as LGBT

Cincinnati: In an interview with Meredith Hicks, Lighthouse Youth Services’ Planning and Policy Director, LYS estimates that, “15% of [18-24 year olds] self-identify as LGBT at the Lighthouse Sheakley Center for Youth.8 While this is not the national average, Hicks was quick to say that, “The actual number of homeless youth who identify as LGBT is most likely higher because some young people are reluctant to disclose the personal information or engage with services.”9 Sheakley Center provides beds to an estimated 330, 18-24 year olds and provides services to an estimated 500, 18-24 year olds each year.10 As Lighthouse Youth Services is the primary homeless youth center in Cincinnati, it is safe to assume these numbers accurately represent the total LGBT homeless youth population in Cincinnati. 9

Why are they homeless? THEY ARE EITHER FORCED OUT BY PARENTS OR RAN AWAY BECAUSE OF THEIR SEXUAL ORIENTATION, GENDER IDENTITY, OR EXPRESSION The primary reason for LGBTQ youth homelessness as reported by providers, for both LGBQ and Transgender youth, is “Forced out by parents/ran away because of sexual orientation/gender identity/expression.”11 In an interview with Jeff Krehely, the Director of The LGBT Research and Communicatiuons Project at the Center for American Progress, by the United States Interagency Council on Homelessness, Jeff states that “this population deserves special attention...because the youth’s LGBTQ identity is very often the direct cause of homelessness.”12 This is a unique experience compared to the general reasons for youth homelessness.

Primary Reason For Homelessness for LGBQ and Transgender Youth as Reported by Providers13 Forced out by Parents/ran away because of SOGIE Family Issues

Family Poverty/ Lack of Affordable Housing

Forced out/Ran Away because of Other Issues Aged out of the Foster Care System Physical, Emotional, Sexual Abuse at Home

16.5% 7.3% 8.2% 4.9% 5.9% 2.4% 3.5% 2.4% 7.1% 1.2%

Lack of Culturally Competent Services

1.2% 2.4%

Youth Untreated Mental Illness

1.2% 2.4%

Substance Use by Youth

1.2% 0%

Other

LGBQ (n=85)

55.3% 67.1%

0% 9.8% Transgender (n=82)

Serving Our Youth 2015: The Needs and Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Youth Experiencing Homelessness14

Why should we care?

What is so different about the LGBT homeless population versus the general homeless population? Why should we study this group individually? On the United States Interagency Council on Homelessness’ website, it is makes clear that, “[the LGBTQ youth] are more at risk once they

are homeless for sexual abuse and exploitation. There is a high incidence of depression, suicide initiations, and other mental health disorders among all youth experiencing homelessness, and chronic physical health conditions are common as are high rates of substance abuse disorders.”15

How is Cincinnati addressing this issue?

Cincinnati is creating a support network.

Hamilton County is currently one of two counties in the United States that is a part of the Safe and Supported Initiative. The “Safe and Supported [Initiative], [is] a Cincinnati-based coalition of community leaders led by Lighthouse Youth Services, is working to improve the lives of LGBTQ youth looking for place to call home.”16 The goal is to create a solid network of diverse services to strenthen the support of the LGBT homeless youth population in Cincinnati.

“The ‘Safe & Supported’ partners include: Caracole, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Office of Mayor John Cranley, Cincinnati Police Department, Cincinnati Public Schools, Gay, Lesbian & Straight

Education Network (GLSEN), Hamilton County Job and Family Services, Heartland Trans* Wellness Group, Human Rights Campaign, Lighthouse Youth Services, Planned Parenthood Southwest Ohio Region, Strategies to End Homelessness, The Partnership Center, Truth and Destiny Covenant Ministries, University of Cincinnati LGBTQ Center and YWCA of Greater Cincinnati, True Colors Fund and Lighthouse Youth Advisory Council.”17 This capstone will add to this growing network by connecting housing & homelessness prevention and job services organizations through an LGBTQ-focused program with support from the local government and the safe and supported initiative network.

Safe and Supported Initiative Network NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

LOCAL GOVERNMENT

HOUSING & HOMELESSNESS PREVENTION

JOB SERVICES Cincinnati Mayor Cranley

EDUCATION

PROGRAM SUPPORT

HEALTH

Safe and Supported - Key Organizations TRUE COLORS FUND

“The True Colors Fund works to end homelessness among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth, creating a world in which young people can be their true selves.”18 Services Include: • ”The Forty to None Project, a program of the True Colors Fund, seeks to raise awareness about and bring an end to gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender youth experiencing homelessness.”19 • Give a Damn Campaign, a program that aims to inform the public the issues that the LGBTQ population is facing today.20

STRATEGIES TO END HOMELESSNESS

LIGHTHOUSE YOUTH SERVICES

“Strategies to End Homelessness is the leader of a coordinated system of care for the homeless in Cincinnati/ Hamilton County. Our goal is to reduce homelessness by 50% by 2017 and to eventually end homelessness in our community.”21

“Lighthouse Youth Services is a multiservice agency providing social services to children, youth and families in southwestern Ohio. Operating since 1969, Lighthouse is nationally recognized as an innovator in services for families in crisis, for homeless youth and young adults, for youth learning to become self-sufficient, and in foster care for abused/neglected children.”22

Services Include: • Connecting homeless/at-risk individuals to organizations dedicated to preventing homelessness, homeless assistance, and solving homeless problems in Cincinnati and Hamilton County

Services Include: • Early Childhood Services • Lighthouse Community School • Behavioral Health & Psychiatric Services • Community Based Residential Treatment Division • Juvenile Justice Division • Runaway & Homeless Youth Division • Youth Housing Opportunities Division

CAROCOLE

JOB & FAMILY SERVICES

“[Carocole’s] mission is to provide safe, affordable housing and supportive services for individuals and families living with HIV/AIDS. Founded in 1987, Caracole House was the first licensed adult care facility in Ohio for people living with HIV/AIDS. Today, Caracole serves more than 1500 clients living in an eight county region in Southwest Ohio with six primary programs.”23

“Hamilton County Job and Family Services administers state, federal and local programs designed to help those in need and help families work toward self sufficiency. The department is one of the few quadruple-combined public human service agencies in Ohio – providing public assistance, children’s services, child support and workforce development programs to the community.”24

Services Include: • Case Management • Homelessness Prevention • Housing • Pharmacy

Services Include: • Child Support • Food Assistance • Child Care • Medical Assistance • Cash Assistance • Child Protection • Job Placement • Elderly Protection

CINCINNATI TRANS COMMUNITY GROUP

“The Cincinnati Trans* Community Group (CTCG) is Heartland Trans* Wellness Group’s social support program made for the trans* community, by the trans* community. CTCG works to build community and social support networks within the Cincinnati area’s Greater Trans* Community, defined here as trans* identified people (transgender, transsexual, genderqueer, gender non-conforming, fluid, two spirit, intersex, and gender questioning/ processing), their significant others, family members, friends, and allies. CTCG meets regularly to talk, make new friends, and have fun!”25 Services Include: • Group Support • Discussion Meetings 15

What more can be done? PERCENT OF NEEDS CITED BY LGBQ YOUTH BY TOTAL NUMBER OF RESPONSES26 Education 7.3% Housing Other 26% 12.5% Acceptance/ Emotional Support of SOGIE Employment Identity 18.8% 17.7%

Health Care 17.7%

PERCENT OF NEEDS CITED BY TRANSGENDER YOUTH BY TOTAL NUMBER OF RESPONSES27 Other 7.5%

Education 6.6% Housing 28.3%

Health Care 13.2% Employment 18.9%

Transitional Support 25.5%

“Serving Our Youth 2015: The Needs and Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Youth Experiencing Homelessness”28

The top 3 needs of LGBQ youth are: 1. Housing 2. Acceptance/Emotional Support 3. Healthcare/Employment

The top 3 needs of the Transgender youth are: 1. Housing 2. Transitional support 3. Employment

Housing is an immediate response Lighthouse Youth Services can provide. However, it is only to an extent. As stated previously, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development defines an 18-24 year old homeless only if they are living on the street.29 Sheakley Center can only accept those who directly qualify as “homeless.” According to Meredith Hicks, the Planning and Policy

Director at Lighthouse Youth Services, Sheakley Center also has a 30-day goal of the length of the youth’s stay at Sheakley Center. Longer than that, and LYS is losing money from the government.30 This can be an especially challenging goal for LGBTQ homeless youth who face many barriers to employment.

Barriers to Employment

Did you know? OHIO DOES NOT PROHIBIT EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION BASED ON SOGIE.31

While employment may be one of the highest needs after housing for LGBTQ homeless youth, it can be difficult for them to find stable employment because as stated in a survey titled, “Serving our Youth: Findings from a National Survey of Service Providers Working with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth Who Are Homeless or At Risk of Becoming Homeless,” representing 354 agencies in the United States, it was reported that: • 65% of their LGBT homeless youth clients had mental health issues.32 • 53% of their LGBT homeless youth clients have histories of alcohol and substance abuse.33 • 40% of their LGBT homeless youth clients have been subject to sexual assault/sexual exploitation.34 • 33% of their LGBT homeless youth clients have been in contact with the juvenile justice system.35 All of these contribute to the barriers preventing employment for these youth. 17

Introduction - Sources References 1 Final - 15 “Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Definitions,” HRC.org, accessed June 29, 2015, http://www.hrc.org/resources/entry/sexualorientation-and-gender-identity-terminology-and-definitions 2 Ibid. 3 Ibid. 4 Ibid. 5 Hicks, Meredith. “Lighthouse Youth Services and LGBT Youth Homelessness Experience.” Interview by author. June 10, 2015. 6 Gates, Gary J. “How Many People Are Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender?” The Williams Institute. April 1, 2011. Accessed July 22, 2015. http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/research/census-lgbt-demographicsstudies/how-many-people-are-lesbian-gay-bisexual-and-transgender/. 7 Durso, L.E., & Gates, G.J. (2012). Serving Our Youth: Findings from a National Survey of Service Providers Working with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth who are Homeless or At Risk of Becoming Homeless. Los Angeles: The Williams Institute with True Colors Fund and The Palette Fund. 8 Hicks, “Lighthouse Youth Services and LGBT Youth Homelessness Experience.” 9 Hicks, Meredith. “Working to End LGBTQ Youth Homelessness in Southwestern Ohio.” Human Rights Campaign. December 1, 2014. Accessed July 4, 2015. http://www.hrc.org/blog/entry/working-to-end-lgbtq-youthhomelessness-in-southwestern-ohio. 10 Hicks, “Lighthouse Youth Services and LGBT Youth Homelessness Experience.” 11 Choi, S.K., Wilson, B.D.M., Shelton, J., & Gates, G. (2015). Serving Our Youth 2015: The Needs and Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Youth Experiencing Homelessness. Los Angeles: The Williams Institute with True Colors Fund. 12 “LGBTQ Youth Homelessness In Focus.” United States Interagency Council on Homelessness. Accessed July 3, 2015. http://usich.gov/issue/lgbt_ youth/lgbtq_youth_homelessness_in_focus/. 13 Choi and others, “Serving Our Youth 2015: The Needs and Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Youth Experiencing Homelessness.” 14 Ibid. 15 “LGBTQ Youth Homelessness In Focus.” 16 Hicks, Meredith. “Working to End LGBTQ Youth Homelessness in Southwestern Ohio.” Human Rights Campaign. December 1, 2014. Accessed July 4, 2015. http://www.hrc.org/blog/entry/working-to-end-lgbtq-youthhomelessness-in-southwestern-ohio. 17 “”SAFE & SUPPORTED” PLAN TO PREVENT LGBTQ YOUTH HOMELESSNESS IN OUR COMMUNITY.” Strategies to End

Homelessness. September 30, 2014. Accessed July 6, 2015. https://www. strategiestoendhomelessness.org/news/safe-supported-plan-to-preventlgbtq-youth-homelessness-in-our-community/. 18 ”True Colors Fund.” True Colors Fund. Accessed July 15, 2015. http://truecolorsfund.org/. 19 Ibid. 20 Ibid. 21 ”About Us.” Strategies to End Homelessness. Accessed July 15, 2015. https://www.strategiestoendhomelessness.org/about-us/. 22 “Lighthouse Youth Services Professional Services.” Lighthouse Youth Services Professional Services. Accessed July 15, 2015. http://www.lys. org/professionalservices.html. 23 “Caracole | Safe, Affordable Housing & Supportive Services for Those Living with HIV & AIDS.” Caracole. Accessed July 15, 2015. http:// caracole.org/. 24 “About.” Hamilton County Job Family Services. Accessed July 15, 2015. https://www.hcjfs.org/about/. 25 “Cincinnati Trans* Community Group.” Cincinnati Trans* Community Group. Accessed July 15, 2015. http://transwellness.org/ctcg/. 26 Choi and others, “Serving Our Youth 2015: The Needs and Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Youth Experiencing Homelessness.” 27 Ibid. 28 Ibid. 29 Hicks, “Lighthouse Youth Services and LGBT Youth Homelessness Experience.” 30 Ibid. 31 “HRC Ohio.” Human Rights Campaign. Accessed July 15, 2015. http://www.hrc.org/states/ohio. 32 Choi and others, “Serving Our Youth 2015: The Needs and Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Youth Experiencing Homelessness.” 33 Ibid. 34 Ibid. 35 Ibid. Image Sources p2 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rev-cody-j-sanders/homeless-lgbtq-youthprogressive-churches_b_5780922.html p11 http://i.huffpost.com/gen/1244516/images/o-LGBTQ-HOMELESS-YOUTHfacebook.jpg

p13 https://www.mobilecommons.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/081115_ homosexual-promotion__human-rights-campaign-logo.jpg http://truecolorsfund.org/wp-content/themes/theme-tcf/common/images/ logo.png http://www.lifenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/plannedparenthood65. png https://www.strategiestoendhomelessness.org/wp-content/themes/ stehTheme/images/logo.jpg http://media.bizj.us/view/img/788891/img0121*750.jpg http://www.theblueline.com/images/oh-cincinnati%20optimized.jpg http://www.pvadamh.org/logoFile/lighthouse.jpg http://ih.constantcontact.com/fs086/1107025150212/img/1.jpg https://www.hcjfs.org/assets/img/logo_facebook.png http://thepcl.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/pcl-logo1.png http://www.glsen.org/sites/default/files/GLSEN_Tagline_L_Applic_RGB.jpg https://www.uc.edu/content/dam/uc/lgbtq/images/banner-lgbtq.png http://videos.videopress.com/8FithkKR/cps_career_day_h264_480p_ scruberthumbnail_0.jpg http://transwellness.org/ctcg/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2014/04/croppedCTCG-LogoNew.png http://www.truthdestinychurch.org/ https://c676132.ssl.cf0.rackcdn.com/Pic1-5413200bc8a56.JPG http://www.magnifiedgiving.org/sites/magnifiedgiving.org/files/npologos/ cchmclogo.jpg p14 http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Fg_KDp6sooA/U7RlrPWT06I/AAAAAAAAAUM/ wYg7QlptWC0/s1600/FortytoNone-092a.jpg https://www.strategiestoendhomelessness.org/wp-content/uploads/ Homeless-in-Cincinnati-2014-Banner-Web-Optimized.jpg http://www.lys.org/images/sub_35.jpg p15 http://caracole.org/about-us/ http://www.defiance-county.com/jobandfamilyservices/ http://mtv.mtvnimages.com/uri/mgid:file:http:shared:mtv.com/news/wpcontent/uploads/2015/01/DSC_1272-1420944751.jpg?quality=0.85&format=jp g&width=480

TRENDS & PROBLEM

Historical Context To better understand the issues the homeless LGBTQ youth population face today, it is important to examine the history of the LGBTQ rights movement and the history of homeless youth protection. In no way does this timeline try to encompass every event, only the major events that shape our understanding of the connection between LGBTQ rights and the development of protections for homeless LGBTQ youth. Homeless Youth Rights 1940’s 1940

1950’s 1950

End of WWII WWII

Korean War

LGBTQ Rights 1946 - In Amsterdam, The COC (“Culture and Recreation Centre”) was founded in 1946 [Levy] Currently, COC is one of the few LGBT organizations that has a special consultative status with the United Nations. 1

Mattachine Society

November 11, 1950 – the Mattachine Society is formed in Los Angeles by activist Harry Hays. It is America’s first national gay rights organization. The mission was to: change public perception of homosexuality and eliminate discrimination, and “cultivate the notion of an ‘ethical homosexual culture.’” 2

Stonewall Riots

Cold War

1960

Vietnam War

March on Washington Civil Rights Act of 1964

1962 - Illinois repeals its sodomy laws, making it the first state to decriminalize homosexuality. 3

1966 - The Society for Individual Rights opens the first gay community center in the U.S. in San Francisco. 4

1970

1968 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; American Psychiatric Association moves homosexuality from sociopathic category to sexual deviation. 5

June 28, 1969 - The Stonewall Inn Riots in Greenwich Village, NYC raised awareness of LGBT rights and is consideed the start of the LGBT rights movement. 6

1974 – The 1970s concern for runaway, homeless youth led congress to pass The Runaway Youth Act (RYA), Title III of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Protection Act of 1974. 10

1977 - The Runaway Youth Act expands to become The Runaway and Homeless Youth Act (RHYA), which allowed regions to develop care specific to the needs and priorities of the region. 12

1970

1980

1972 – The first U.S. city to ban anti-gay bias in hiring is East Lansing, MI. 8

1975 – U.S. Civil Service Commission stops banning gay men and lesbians from federal jobs. 11

1973 – American Psychiatric Association removes homosexuality from its list of mental illnesses. 9

Job Discrimination Protest

October 11, 1987 - The National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights is the largest civil rights demonstration in U.S. history. October 11 is now National Coming Out Day. 14

1970 – The first Pride Parade is held in NYC. 7 Pride Parade, San Francisco

1981 – First reported cases of AIDS 13

October 30, 2000 - The McKinney-Vento Homeless Education Assistance Act provides federal funding to states for the purpose of supporting district programs that serve homeless students. It ensures educational stability and enrollment for homeless youth. 21

1990

2000

Persian Gulf War

1990 – Federal Hate Crimes Statistics Act passed; first law extending the federal recognition of gay men and lesbians. 15

1993 - Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell U.S. military policy adopted. 17

1992 – World Health Organization removes homosexuality from its classification of illnesses. 16

1997 – South Africa is the first country to enact a constitutional ban outlawing sexual orientation discrimination. 19

1996 – Congress passes Defense of Marriage Act, forbidding federal recognition and benefits for married same-sex couples. 18

2000 – Vermont offers civil unions to same-sex couples. 20

2013 - The Runaway and Homeless Youth Inclusion Act is passed to amend the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act. It aims to provide services for youth in the minority category related to SOGIE, include SOGIE in demographics, and provide culturally competent services. 28

2003 – The Runaway and Homeless Youth Act (RHYA) creates programs ensuring their access to education, employment training, health care, addiction treatment, and other social services. 23

2000

Invasion of Afghanistan

2001 – For the first time same-sex couples can get married in The Netherlands. 22

Invasion of Iraq

2005 – New Zealand becomes the first country to outlaw hate crimes on the basis of gender identity and employment discrimination. 25

2010 - Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell Repeal Act of 2010 repealed the U.S. Military’s Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy. 27

2004 - Massachusetts becomes the first state allowing same-sex marriage. 24

The Netherlands passes Gay Marriage

November 4, 2008 – California voters approve Proposition 8, making same-sex marriage in California illegal. 26

2015 – The Runaway and Homeless Youth and Trafficking Prevention Act is new legislation introduced on July 23, 2014. If passed, it would reauthorize and strengthen the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act to include funding for: street outreach, basic shelter programs, and transitional living programs. 32

2010 2013 – Prop 8 is invalidated, restoring same-sex marriage in CA. 29

2014 – FDA lifts lifetime ban on gay male blood donors and requires one year deferral before donating. 30

June 26, 2015 – Marriage rights are won for all same-sex couples in all states. 33

2015 – Ireland becomes the first country in the world to legalize samesex marriage by popular vote. 31 Ireland Passes Gay Marriage

G O A L 2020 “Opening Doors: the Federal Strategic Plan to Prevent and End Homelessness set the goal of ending youth homelessness by 2020 [making] sure that all youth, including LGBTQ youth, do not fall through the cracks and that they receive: low-barrier housing, education that helps lead to employment, on-going support services connected to mainstream resources, independent living skills training, connections to supportive and trusting adults and a support network.” 34

U.S. Passes Gay Marriage

National & Local Trends INVISIBLE TO VISIBLE

OUTING TO DISCRETE

JOB TO CAREER

LGBTQ Pride is a global trend. Visibility is progressing the LGBT rights movement. In addition, more people are coming out at a younger age as society becomes less hostile towards LGBTQ individuals. Youth are now coming out at age 12 or 13 versus 18 or 20.35 In a survey of 138 human service agency providers, “the results...show that staff estimated that LGBQ and transgender youth in particular seemed to be younger these days.”36

Outing space is architecture that “outs” a person’s purpose for being there. We go to the grocery store to buy food; we go to the theater to watch a performance. However, in creating mixed spaces, there is an err of discretion. The Mercer Commons project in OTR, Cincinnati is an example of a mixed-income apartment complex on Vine. From the outside, one would never know there are low-income units inside.37

Several major homeless services provide more than job opportunities to their residents, they provide a basis for a stable career. The Ali Forney Center in New York City has the through the Learning, Education, Advancement and Placement (LEAP) program. This program prepares LGBTQ youth, who have been in contact with the juvenile justice system for the National Work Readiness Credential exam so that they may be employable for entry level positions. Youth take volunteer positions to gain valuable job skills, then move into paid internships. Youth only graduate from the program after securing a job.38

ATOMISTIC TO HOLISTIC

LOW TO HIGH INCOME

RUINS TO PROGRESS

Care for the low income and homeless used to be one location for one service, or atomistic care. CityLink Center in Cincinnati combines many types of services in one location. This holistic approach eliminates transportation barriers, creates a consistency of care, and raises awareness of the services available to low-income adults.39 Many other social service programs across the country are taking the same approach.

In 2011, Over-the-Rhine had the highest income inequality out of 61,000 communities nationwide. At that point, 67% made an income of less than $10,000. 6% of residents earned between $25,000 and $49,999, 3% made $100,000 to $149,999, and 3% made $200,000+.40 With the creation of many luxury condos, low-income residents are concerned with being priced out of the area.

The area south of Liberty St. in Over-the-Rhine, Cincinnati has been repopulated with chain businesses, expensive restaurants, and luxury condos. Starting in 2014 with the creation of Eliâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s BBQ and Maverick Chocolate Co., development in Overthe-Rhine has slowly been creeping north of Liberty St., a major divide in the OTR neighborhood. The major developer of the OTR rehabilitation, 3CDC, currently has properties north of Liberty that will be redeveloped.41

STEP Environment Analysis SOCIAL

TECHNOLOGICAL

The LGBT Rights Movement has been gaining momentum in recent years. Starting primarily in the 1960s and 1970s, there have been more and more references to LGBTQ individuals in the media, news and pop culture that have influenced society’s impression of LGBTQ people. Some major influences have been: Rock Hudson issuing a press release to announce that he has AIDS in 1985, the first homosexual kiss airing on network TV between two female characters on L.A. Law in 1991, Ellen DeGeneres coming out as a lesbian to Oprah in 1997, Will & Grace debuts its 8-year show in 1998, the release of Brokeback Mountain in 2005, the marriage of Portia de Rossi and Ellen DeGeneres in 2008, Modern family airing in 2009, the marriage equality anthem, “Same Love,” by Mackelmore and Ryan Lewis made it to the Top 5 on Billboard’s rap music chart in 2012, and many more.42

In the past decade, the LGBT community has used technology and the internet as a way to create support and a network of resources. Social media like Myspace and Facebook have given LGBTQ individuals the ability to create an online persona that may be more out than in real life. Through YouTube, teens have been able to find coming out support with the “It Gets Better” project created by Dan Savage. According to a study by the LGBT Technology Partnership & Institute, “over 50% of LGBT individuals use the Internet, such as apps to meet new people and find others they can relate to.”43 Besides connections, technology can be a lifesaver for many young LGBTQ people. The LGBT Technology Partnership & Institute also found that, “81% of youth who identify as LGBT have used their connection to the Internet to search for health information compared to 46% of non-LGBT youth.”44 For LGBTQ homeless youth, a cell phone can be the difference in finding shelter or not. In a recent article from Wired, youth that have “access to communication technology can be critical for homeless youth, allowing them to contact case workers and social support networks; connect with potential employers; reconnect with family; and access health care. Taken together, these connections all contribute to ensuring their safety.”45

ECONOMIC

In recent years, companies and businesses have chosen to side with the LGBTQ rights movement to avoid backlash from consumers. Large companies like Google have come out in full support of LGBTQ rights to avoid lawsuits. However, some smaller businesses like the Arlene’s Flowers and Gifts in Washington have denied service to LGBTQ individuals, have been sued, and have lost in court. Arlene’s Flowers and Gifts and other businesses have also consequently lost a lot of business from the negative publicity they have received.46 Many companies are quickly realizing that we are living in a world where SOGIE discrimination is not tolerated. Employees and customers benefit from companies that are non-discriminatory, however, it is the businesses that are the ultimate winners. In a study done by the Center for American Progress, the cost “of losing and replacing the more than 2 million American workers who leave their jobs each year due to unfairness and discrimination has been estimated to cost $64 billion.”47 It is believed that this is a direct cause as to why, “96 percent of Fortune 50 companies, 93 percent of Fortune 100 companies and 85 percent of Fortune 500 companies have sexual orientation nondiscrimination policies on their books.”48 It is seen as an economic disadvantage to be a part of a company that discriminates against the LGBTQ community.

POLITICAL

While the battle for marriage equality in all 50 states and all U.S. territories has been won, there are still many other issues the LGBTQ community faces. According to Human Rights Campaign, Ohio does not prohibit/address housing discrimination, employment discrimination, public accommodation discrimination, bullying/harassment based on SOGIE, and “does not have a law that addresses hate or bias crimes based on SOGIE.”49 According to Human Rights Campaign, there is current legislation supporting homeless LGBTQ youth. HRC states, “The Runaway and Homeless Youth and Trafficking Prevention Act, introduced by Representatives Dave Reichert (R-WA) and John Yarmuth (D-KY) would reauthorize important programs for homeless youth, including prevention, emergency shelters, street outreach, transitional living, and assistance in rural areas.”50 The most important part is that “this legislation has an explicit non-discrimination provision that would prohibit any provider of these services from discriminating against youth based on their sexual orientation or gender identity.”51

How might Cincinnati...

offer a space for transition age, homeless/at-risk, LGBTQ youth as an impetus to gain stability? 33

Trends & Problems - Sources References 1 “About COC.” COC Nederland. Accessed July 3, 2015. http://www.coc. nl/engels. 2 “American Experience: TV’s Most-watched History Series.” PBS. Accessed July 2, 2015. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/ timeline/stonewall/. 3 Ibid. 4 Perkins, Laura. “Timeline.” MyCastro.com. June 23, 2000. Accessed July 3, 2015. http://mycastro.com/castro-timeline. 5 “LGBT History.” Ohio University. Accessed July 3, 2015. http://www. ohio.edu/lgbt/resources/history.cfm#Timeline. 6 Ibid. 7 Sargeant, Feed. “1970: A First-Person Account of the First Gay Pride March.” The Village Voice. June 22, 2010. Accessed July 3, 2015. http://www. villagevoice.com/news/1970-a-first-person-account-of-the-first-gay-pridemarch-6429338. 8 “LGBT History Timeline.” United Church of Christ. Accessed July 17, 2015. http://www.ucc.org/lgbt_lgbt-history-timeline. 9 “LGBT History.” 10 “40 Years Ago: Runaway Youth Act of 1974: National Low Income Housing Coalition.” National Low Income Housing Coalition. May 30, 2014. Accessed July 17, 2015. http://nlihc.org/article/40-years-ago-runaway-youthact-1974. 11 “LGBT History.” 12 “40 Years Ago: Runaway Youth Act of 1974: National Low Income Housing Coalition.” 13 “Origin of HIV & AIDS.” AVERT: AVERTing HIV and AIDS. Accessed July 3, 2015. http://www.avert.org/origin-hiv-aids.htm. 14 “LGBT History.” 15 Ibid. 16 Ibid. 17 Ibid. 18 Ibid. 19 Ibid. 20 Ibid. 21 “Washington State Requirements and Guidance for Homeless Education.” State of Washington Superintendent of Public Instruction. Accessed July 17, 2015. http://www.k12.wa.us/HomelessEd/AssistanceAct.aspx. 22 Eccleston, Jennifer. “Sunday Morning News: Same-Sex Marriage Legalized in Amsterdam.” CNN.com Transcripts. April 1, 2001. Accessed July 3, 2015. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0104/01/sm.10.html.

23 “National Youth Employment Coalition: RHYA Brief.” National Youth Employment Coalition. 2005. Accessed July 17, 2015. http://www.nyec.org/page. cfm?pageID=203. 24 “LGBT History.” 25 Ibid. 26 “American Experience: TV’s Most-watched History Series.” 27 “LGBT History.” 28 “H.R.2955 - Runaway and Homeless Youth Inclusion Act of 2013113th Congress (2013-2014).” Congress.gov. Accessed July 17, 2015. https://www. congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/2955. 29 “Proposition 8.” Freedom to Marry. Accessed July 3, 2015. http:// www.freedomtomarry.org/landscape/entry/c/proposition-8. 30 Tavernise, Sabrina. “F.D.A. Easing Ban on Gays, to Let Some Give Blood.” The New York Times. December 23, 2014. Accessed July 3, 2015. http:// www.nytimes.com/2014/12/24/health/fda-lifting-ban-on-gay-blood-donors.html. 31 Hakim, Danny, and Douglas Dalby. “Ireland Votes to Approve Gay Marriage, Putting Country in Vanguard.” The New York Times. May 23, 2015. Accessed July 3, 2015. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/24/world/europe/irelandgay-marriage-referendum.html. 32 ”Reauthorizing RHYA: The Runaway and Homeless Youth and Trafficking Prevention Act.” Forty to None Project. Accessed July 19, 2015. http:// fortytonone.org/our-work/program-areas/advocacy/rhya-2/. 33 Chappell, Bill. “Supreme Court Declares Same-Sex Marriage Legal In All 50 States.” NPR. June 26, 2015. Accessed July 3, 2015. http://www.npr.org/ sections/thetwo-way/2015/06/26/417717613/supreme-court-rules-all-states-mustallow-same-sex-marriages. 34 “LGBTQ Youth Homelessness In Focus.” United States Interagency Council on Homelessness. Accessed July 3, 2015. http://usich.gov/issue/lgbt_ youth/lgbtq_youth_homelessness_in_focus/. 35 Ibid. 36 Choi, S.K., Wilson, B.D.M., Shelton, J., & Gates, G. (2015). Serving Our Youth 2015: The Needs and Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Youth Experiencing Homelessness. Los Angeles: The Williams Institute with True Colors Fund. 37 Amileham. “NEW MIXED-INCOME APARTMENTS COMING TO OVER-THE-RHINE.” 3CDC. May 28, 2013. Accessed July 4, 2015. http://www.3cdc. org/2013/05/28/new-mixed-income-apartments-coming-to-over-the-rhine/. 38 “About Us.” Ali Forney Center. Accessed July 12, 2015. http://www. aliforneycenter.org/about-us/. 39 “Join The Movement.” CityLink Center. 2015. Accessed July 4, 2015. http://citylinkcenter.org/about-us/the-approach. 40 “Highest Income-inequality Tract in America Is Gentrifying.” McClatchyDC. November 21, 2011. Accessed July 13, 2015. http://www. mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/national/economy/article24719305.html.

41 Tweh, Bowdeya. “OTR Revitalization Creeping Northward.” Cincinnati.com. May 7, 2014. Accessed July 12, 2015. http://www.cincinnati.com/ story/money/2014/05/06/north-liberty-development/8791783/. 42 Wood, Jennie. “Timeline: Gays in Pop Culture 1934 - 2010.” Infoplease. Accessed July 15, 2015. http://www.infoplease.com/entertainment/ gays-in-pop-culture-timeline.html. 43 “Mobile Connectivity for LGBT - More Than Just a Connection to Friends.” LGBT Technology Partnership & Institute. June 12, 2015. Accessed July 15, 2015. http://lgbttechpartnership.org/mobile-connectivity-for-lgbt-more-thanjust-a-connection-to-friends/. 44 Ibid. 45 Ram, Alessandra. “For Homeless LGBTQ Teens, a Phone Can Be a Lifesaver.” Wired.com. July 6, 2015. Accessed July 15, 2015. http://www.wired. com/2015/07/homeless-lgbtq-teens-phone-can-lifesaver/. 46 Wong, Curtis. “Barronelle Stutzman, Washington Florist Who Discriminated Against Gay Couple, Ordered To Pay Fine.” The Huffington Post. Accessed July 15, 2015. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/30/barronellestutzman-fined_n_6971122.html. 47 DiPasquale, Christina. “RELEASE: The Costly Business of Discrimination Against LGBT Employees.” Center for American Progress. March 22, 2012. Accessed July 15, 2015. https://www.americanprogress.org/press/ release/2012/03/22/15296/release-the-costly-business-of-discrimination-againstlgbt-employees/. 48 Ibid. 49 “HRC Ohio.” Human Rights Campaign. Accessed July 15, 2015. http:// www.hrc.org/states/ohio. 50 Pike, Jennifer. “Legislation Introduced in House Would Protect LGBT Homeless Youth.” Human Rights Campaign. April 15, 2015. Accessed July 16, 2015. http://www.hrc.org/blog/entry/legislation-introduced-in-house-would-protectlgbt-homeless-youth. 51 Ibid.

p25 http://images.sodahead.com/polls/001030343/dadt_xlarge.jpeg p26 http://maxhongir.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/1337256000000.cached.jpg p27 http://i.guim.co.uk/media/w-460/h--/q-95/ fa254504fd521d207e84a1537bad904265cd8720/0_29_4800_2880/500.jpg http://static.ijreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Supreme-Court-gaymarriage.jpg p28 Photo by Author http://www.soapboxmedia.com/features/070814-downtown-living-options-onthe-rise.aspx https://d28whvbyjonrpc.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/images/CH-Website-JobTraining-Page.jpg p29 http://citylinkcenter.org/about-us/the-approach http://static4.businessinsider.com/image/517095dbecad04f929000009/goldmanthe-disparity-between-high-and-low-income-households-in-america-is-theworst-weve-seen.jpg Photo by Author p30 Photo by Author http://rkvc.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/hang-in-there-it-gets-better-betterdays-are-coming.jpg p31 http://www.spartanpr.com/big-brands-wading-in-on-gay-rights-debate/ http://ak-hdl.buzzfed.com/static/2015-06/30/14/enhanced/webdr12/enhancedbuzz-21985-1435688248-7.jpg p34 http://www.chicago-bureau.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Homeless-teen.jpg

Image Sources p22 https://41.media.tumblr.com/eb742b4580e37e13c0b160c20ff94491/tumblr_ n0fxj8CMvJ1s995e9o1_400.jpg p23 https://haverstickcassandra.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/stonewalluprising012. jpg p24 http://www.lgbtqnation.com/2013/10/institutions-dedicated-to-lgbt-history-anexciting-largely-untapped-resource/ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/stonewall/

P R EC E D E N T S

Lighthouse Youth Services VARIOUS LOCATIONS, CINCINNATI, OH

Top Left: Street Outreach Program Bottom Left: Sheakley Center for Youth Top Right: Youth Crisis Center Bottom Right: Lighthouse Youth Services

SHEAKLEY CENTER

SHEAKLEY CENTER KITCHEN & DINING Kitchen Dining Room

Wing 2

Stair Wing 1

Wing 3

Lighthouse Youth Services serves over 5000 youth and families each year through their many services.1 Currently, LYS serves the homeless youth population through the Youth Crisis Center, for ages 10-17 youth; Sheakley Center, a 28 beds-facility for ages 18-24 transition age youth; and the Street Outreach Program, as a way to reach out to youth living on the streets and provide them with basic needs and resources. LYS is a leader of Hamilton County’s Safe and Supported Initiative to end and prevent homelessness for LGBTQ youth.2 LYS “is a nationally recognized leader in youth homelessness prevention.”3 As an organization, LYS understands that it

is one of many valuable resources for homeless youth and strives for a web of connections. To make connections and break down pre-conceived ideas of “homeless,” community leaders have been invited to eat in the dining facilities at Sheakley Center. After they have finished their meal, they find out it was prepared by the youth living at Sheakley Center. This has helped Lighthouse Youth Services connect with the local police and break down the criminalization of being homeless.4 Sheakley Center for youth separates youth into 3 wings: male, female, and a swing unit. This separation is how Sheakley Center works with all SOGIE.5 39

Venice on Vine 1301 VINE ST, CINCINNATI, OH

Top Left: Venice on Vine Facade Bottom Left: Venice sign made from recycled bottles Above: Restaurant overview Above Left: Cause is not made explicitly clear Above Right: Partners with United Way

From the outside Venice on Vine appears to be just a pizza shop. However, they are run by Power Inspires Progress, a non-profit organization, “which operates small business in Cincinnati urban core to provide pre-employment training opportunities for individuals with chronic barriers to employment.” The program’s main goal is that the, “trainee will have a positive part time experience, learn useful skills, overcome job carriers and move on to full time employment at a living wage within a year.”6

Venice on Vine lets the public know that by eating here, the community helps support “a good cause.” Venice on Vine does not explicitly call out employees as having chronic barriers to employement. This protects the identities of the employees. The space is used as a “learning laboratory” to teach the individuals working there job skills. Employees gain experience working in the pizza shop and the catering business run out of the back kitchen.7

Out of the Closet 1230 N HIGH ST, COLUMBUS, OH

Top Left: Store space Bottom Right: Pharmacy space Above Left: Entrance to HIV testing space Above Right: AIDS Healthcare Foundation Above: Signage from exterior

SPACE DIAGRAM

CIRCULATION DIAGRAM

Pharmacy Clinic

Retail

Back of House

Out of the Closet is a chain thrift store combined with an HIV testing center and a pharmacy for AIDS medications. For every dollar spent at the thrift store, 96 cents is donated to The AIDS Healthcare Foundation. While customers are shopping, they can discretely get their medications filled and get tested.8 Out of the Closet thrift stores appear to be just a store from the facade. This protects the privacy of someone wanting a free HIV test because they will not be â&#x20AC;&#x153;outedâ&#x20AC;? as having

HIV from walking into the space. This protection extends to the pharmacy, as well. The pharmacy stocks many of the prescriptions HIV/AIDS patients use.9 Patients with HIV/ AIDS are not outed because the store space makes it seem like they are shopping while they are actually waiting for prescriptions. The circulation diagram above aims to trace the path of someone who enters, gets their prescriptions refilled, gets a test, and exits through the back door, all while people are shopping around them. 43

Precedents CENTER ON HALSTED

TRANSLIFE CENTER Chicago, IL • Chicago’s LBGTQ Community, cultural center, & cyber center.10 • Provides STD testing, legal counsel, behavioral health, senior services, advocacy, youth services, and women’s services.11 • Generates profit by renting out a portion to Whole Foods.12 • Midwest’s largest LGBTQ social service agency.13 • Connects smaller LGBTQ non-profit organizations to create network for Chicago.14

CASA Q Chicago, IL

Albuquerque, NM

• Part of Chicago House.15 • Mission Statement: “Chicago House and Social Service Agency serves individuals and families who are disenfranchised by HIV/AIDS, LGBTQ marginalization, poverty, homelessness, and/or gender nonconformity by providing housing, employment services, medical linkage and retention services, HIV prevention services, legal services, and other supportive programs.”16 • Includes TransLife Center, a connection of health, housing, legal, and employment services for specifically transgender adults.17

• Provides emergency beds and services for homeless LGBTQ youth.18 • Adopt a Q Kid allows community to donate money and see how it can directly benefit LGBTQ homeless youth.19 • $10,000 adopts a room and can be renamed, $3,000 supports a Q Kid’s programs, services, and housing for a month, $750 supports a Q Kid’s programs, services, and housing for a week, $500 supports the cost of food for all residents for a week.20

ALI FORNEY CENTER

CITYLINK CENTER New York, NY • Largest organization catering to homeless LGBTQ youth in the country.21 • Multi-purpose Drop-In Center first 24 hour drop-in program for homeless LGBTQ youth in the country as of January 2015.22 • Youth may apply to the Peer Outreach Educator program, a paid internship intended to provide work experience and engage other street homeless youth with AFC’s programs.23 • Learning, Education, Advancement and Placement (LEAP) program is a job and education based program for LGBTQ youth who have been in contact with the juvenile justice system. Youth prepare for the National Work Readiness Credential (NWRC) exam, the gold standard for employability for entry-level jobs. Youth then take volunteer positions with community organizations to gain job skills. After gaining skills, youth can move into paid internships. Youth only graduate from the LEAP program once they have secured a job.24

ZEBRA COALITION Cincinnati, OH

Orlando, FL

• CityLink Center in Cincinnati is “where individuals go to one place, get surrounded by one team, and find an integrated, holistic path to break free from poverty and get to a place of selfsustainability and hope.”25 • CityLink uses a holistic care approach to help individuals move out of poverty. This includes education, employment, financial education, transportation, emotional wellness, connection to Cincinnati’s Freestore Foodbank, and clothing assistance.26 • Catchment area for CityLink goes beyond Cincinnati borders. They have clients from neighboring counties and states.27 • To be eligible, clients must be at least 18, have an income at or below 200% of the Federal Poverty Level, have stable housing and mental health, and not using illegal substances.28

• Network of organizations that provides services to LGBT+ youth ages 13-24.29 • Provides short-term (45 days) housing for 18-24 year olds. While in the program, young adults learn daily living skills and prepares them to become independent members of society.30 • 15% of income while at the short term housing goes towards programs and services. Young adults also must participate in community service hours.31 • Skillz Program builds valuable skills and values for a foundation of success in life and the workplace for 17-24 year olds. It involves community outreach, leadership, self-empowerment, and self-development.32 • Offer family counseling and case management services.33 • Connected to local public schools’ GSA programs.34

TOWN HALL APTS

URBAN PEAK Denver, CO & Colorado Springs, CO • “A safe haven for runaway and homeless youth, ages 15–20, including those who are [LGBT] or in the process of questioning their gender or sexual identity.”35 • “Services include outreach, case management, onsite medical care and behavioral health counseling, in addition to referrals for mental health/ substance abuse treatment, and a GED program.”36 • Emergency shelter provides overnight shelter for 40 youth, ages 15-20.37 • Employment & Training Services provide job readiness training, job search hours, and job retention services.38 • ServSafe Food Handler Training and Certification is a nationally recognized certification for youth at Urban Peak who are working or planning on working in the food service industry.39 • The Customer Service Training and Professional Certification in Customer Service is available to youth through the National Retail Federation Foundation and helps build skills and knowledge for careers in customer service.40 48

GREEN CHIMNEYS Chicago, IL

Brewster, NY

• Through Heartland Alliance Housing, an organization dedicated to creating safe, affordable, sustainable, and highquality affordable housing in Chicago.41 • Town Hall Apartments is Senior Housing (55+) in Boystown, Chicago.42 • Amenities include a terrace overlooking Halsted Street, a fitness room, computer and library room, and a family dining room.43 • Studio and one-bedroom units, 79 units total.44 • About 60% of residents self-identify as LGBTQ.45

• Mission: “Helping our young people to maximize their potential by providing residential, educational, clinical and recreational services, in a safe and supportive environment that nurtures connections with their families, the community, animals and nature.”46 • Provides Career Readiness Training, a 12-week training program that advances the work and life skills needed for employment. Specifically for runaway, homeless, and LGBTQ and allied youth. Youth also participate in nature-based activities and take field trips to nature-based job settings outside of New York City. The program provides access to paid internships and individual career advice from a mentor.47

FABARNAK RESTAURANT

COVENANT HOUSE Toronto, CA • Located in The 519 Community Centre, Toronto’s LGBTQ Center.48 • ”We re-invest profits from the restaurant into our programs and services, we work to provide training and meaningful employment opportunities for marginalized members of our community and over 80% of our food is locally and sustainably produced.”49 • Offers one-year training for individuals facing barriers to employment.50 • Have worked with transitioning youth, recent immigrants to Canada, and individuals recovering from addiction.51

LARKIN STREET YOUTH SERVICES North & Central America

San Francisco, CA

• Catholic, religious-based organization.52 • ”Covenant House International [is] the largest network of shelters for homeless youth across North and Central America”53 • Before 2011, Covenant House was not completely welcoming to LGBQ and especially T youth.54 However, the organization partnered with True Colors Fund to ensure welcoming and safe beds for LGBT youth.55 And they now have LGBT-specific protections in their policy.56 • ”Expanded the number of beds dedicated to homeless youth, including LGBT youth.”57 • Job training certification programs in: culinary arts, desktop publishing, medical assistant professions, public safety, computer skills, woodworking, and more.58

• “Employment programs for homeless youth at Larkin Street’s Larkin Street Academy program include YouthForce, Job Readiness Class, Institute for Hire Learning, and Wire Up.”59 • YouthForce connects youth who may not have completed education or training to supervised community labor. It provides an opportunity for youth to gain valuable job skills and a sense of community.60 • Job Readiness Classes help expand the ideas of what youth believe they can do with their lives. The curriculum involves learning pre-employment skills needed to find a job.61 • After youth have been through the Job Readiness Classes, they are eligible for the Institute for Hire Learning program. The IHL program helps youth access and afford vocational job training.62 • Wire Up is a 15-week computer course offered in the Larkin Street computer lab. It trains youth the most needed tech skills in the technology sector, raising the likelihood of employment.63 51

Further Resources NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS:

LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS:

United States Department of Housing and Urban Development

Greater Cincinnati Homeless Coalition Drop Inn Center

National Coalition for the Homeless Over-the-Rhine Community Housing American Institutes for Research Tender Mercies, Inc. National Safe Place National Runaway Switchboard Center for American Progress Cyndi Lauperâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s True Colors Fund, True Colors Housing CenterLink Runaway and Homeless Youth Training and Technical Assistance Center

RESEARCH: Forty to None Campaign Human Rights Campaign The Williams Institute

FUNDING: The Palette Fund True Colors Fund

Precedents - Sources References 1 “Overview.” Lighthouse Youth Services. Accessed July 4, 2015. http:// www.lys.org/overview2.html. 2 Hicks, Meredith. “Lighthouse Youth Services and LGBT Youth Homelessness Experience.” Interview by author. June 10, 2015. 3 Ibid. 4 “Sheakley Center .” Lecture, Tour of Sheakley Center from Lighthouse Youth Services , Cincinnati , June 24, 2015. 5 Ibid. 6 “Power Inspires Progress | Good Food for a Good Cause.” Power Inspires Progress. Accessed July 5, 2015. http://pip-cincy.com/. 7 Ibid. 8 “Out of the Closet Thrift Stores.” Out of the Closet Thrift Stores. Accessed July 5, 2015. http://outofthecloset.org/. 9 Ibid. 10 “Center on Halsted - Chicago’s Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Community Center.” Center on Halsted - Chicago’s Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Community Center. Accessed July 12, 2015. http://www. centeronhalsted.org/. 11 Ibid. 12 “A GLBT Center of Their Own.” In These Times. 798 words. LexisNexis Academic. Web. Date Accessed: 2015/05/29. 13 “Center on Halsted - Chicago’s Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Community Center.” 14 Ibid. 15 “Chicago House Mission:.” Chicago House RSS. Accessed July 12, 2015. http://www.chicagohouse.org/. 16 Ibid. 17 Ibid. 18 “Casaq.” Casaq. Accessed July 12, 2015. http://www.casaq.org/. 19 Ibid. 20 Ibid. 21 “About Us.” Ali Forney Center. Accessed July 12, 2015. http://www. aliforneycenter.org/about-us/. 22 Ibid. 23 Ibid. 24 Ibid. 25 “CityLink Center.” CityLink Center. Accessed July 12, 2015. http:// citylinkcenter.org/. 26 Ibid. 27 Ibid. 28 Ibid.

29 “Supporting Lives of a Different Stripe.” Zebra Coalition: Supporting Lives of a Different Stripe. Accessed July 12, 2015. http://zebrayouth.org/. 30 Ibid. 31 Ibid. 32 Ibid. 33 Ibid. 34 Ibid. 35 Ammerman SD, Ensign J, Kirzner R, Meininger ET, Tornabene M, Warf CW, Zerger S, Post P. Homeless Young Adults Ages 18–24: Examining Service Delivery Adaptations, 50 pages. Nashville: National Health Care for the Homeless Council, Inc., 2004. 36 Ibid. 37 “Urban Peak.” Urban Peak. Accessed July 12, 2015. http://www. urbanpeak.org/. 38 Ibid. 39 Ibid. 40 Ibid. 41 “Affordable & Supportive Housing Services | Heartland Alliance Housing.” Heartland Alliance Housing. Accessed July 12, 2015. http://www.heartlandhousing.org/. 42 Ibid. 43 Ibid. 44 Ibid. 45 Masaracchia, Mark. “Town Hall Apartments: Staff Interview.” Telephone interview by author. April 11, 2015. 46 “Helping Kids with Emotional, Behavioral & Social Challenges.” Green Chimneys. Accessed July 12, 2015. http://www.greenchimneys.org/. 47 “Career Readiness Training.” Green Chimneys. Accessed July 12, 2015. http://www.greenchimneys.org/lgbtq-career/. 48 “The 519.” The 519. Accessed July 12, 2015. http://www.the519.org/ about/fabarnak-restaurant#/our-food/4557630026. 49 “Fabarnak.” Facebook. Accessed July 12, 2015. https://www.facebook.com/fabarnak/info?tab=page_info. 50 “The 519.” 51 Ibid. 52 Molnar, Josef. “Covenant House Opens Up To Transgender Youth: Gender Preference Now Recognized by Center.” OutSmart Magazine: Houston’s LGBT Magazine. June 16, 2011. Accessed July 12, 2015. http://www.outsmartmagazine.com/2011/06/covenant-house-opens-up-to-transgender-youth-genderpreference-now-recognized-by-center/. 53 “True Colors Fund and Covenant House Announce Groundbreaking Partnership to Ensure Safe, Welcoming Beds for LGBT Youth.” Covenant House New York. Accessed July 12, 2015. https://ny.covenanthouse.org/CovenantHouse-True-Color-Fund.

Precedents - Sources 54 Molnar, “Covenant House Opens Up To Transgender Youth: Gender Preference Now Recognized by Center.” 55 “True Colors Fund and Covenant House Announce Groundbreaking Partnership to Ensure Safe, Welcoming Beds for LGBT Youth.” 56 Molnar, “Covenant House Opens Up To Transgender Youth: Gender Preference Now Recognized by Center.” 57 “True Colors Fund and Covenant House Announce Groundbreaking Partnership to Ensure Safe, Welcoming Beds for LGBT Youth.” 58 ”Covenant House - Opening Doors for Homeless Youth.” Covenant House. Accessed July 12, 2015. https://www.covenanthouse.org/. 59 “Larkin Street Academy - Employment - Larkin Street Youth.” Larkin Street Youth. Accessed July 12, 2015. http://larkinstreetyouth.org/programs/ education-employment/hire-up-employment/. 60 Ibid. 61 Ibid. 62 Ibid. 63 Ibid. Image Sources p40 http://cnweekly.com/content/articles/2013/11/27/news/ doc52964e18779ec7381742271.jpg https://www.google.com/maps/@39.12788,-84.50329,3a,75y,131.46h,81.84t/ data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sDbH-_7e4B2BpL1Sp1eM9Jg!2e0!7i13312!8i6656?hl=en http://cdn2-b.examiner.com/sites/default/files/styles/image_content_width/hash/ d7/af/d7af4085649811e9cb3bd84c09db5097.jpg?itok=QByb9TW2 https://www.google.com/maps/@39.126623,-84.500951,3a,75y,142.66h,84.65t/ data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sfkezpj9B1tkSGb1HxEakuw!2e0!7i13312!8i6656!6m1!1e1?h l=en p41 Diagram by Author Diagram by Author p42 Photo by Author http://adventuremomblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/IMG_9165-700x525. jpg http://clarkstreetblog.blogspot.com/2010/02/venice-on-vine-is-your-cheddar. html http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-09OHleUo26w/UfAl6eYoYoI/AAAAAAAAIF0/DyWUVi8J-78/s640/IMG_6123.JPG Photo by Author

p43 Photo by Community Design Center p44 Photo by Author Photo by Author Photo by Author Photo by Author Photo by Author p45 Diagram by Author, Based on Out of the Closet, Columbus Fire Exit Plan Diagram by Author, Based on Out of the Closet, Columbus Fire Exit Plan p46 http://pridefilmsandplays.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Center-On-Halsted1. jpg http://static1.gensler.com/uploads/hero_element/326/thumb_desktop/thumbs/ project_center-on-halsted_04_1024x576.jpg http://www.gensler.com/uploads/project/21/thumbnail_square/thumbs/project_ center-on-halsted_01_508x508.jpg http://www.chicagohouse.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/TLC-logo-01.png http://www.designsfordignity.org/wp-content/themes/purity/includes/timthumb. php?src=http://www.designsfordignity.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/CH_3_ Post_web.jpg&h=400&w=660&zc=1 http://www.windycitymediagroup.com/images/publications/wct/2014-07-02/ TransLifeCenterBillboard.jpg p47 http://fortytonone.org/serviceproviders/provider_logos/303_casa-Q%20logo.jpg http://static.wixstatic.com/media/ad7b98_298b90e938d745618dc912ad90395b 3b.jpg_srz_p_490_316_75_22_0.50_1.20_0.00_jpg_srz http://www.casaq.org/#!adopt-a-q-kid/c1xz5 p48 http://www.aliforneycenter.org/programs/emergency/ http://www.aliforneycenter.org/programs/transitional-living/ http://www.aliforneycenter.org/programs/transitional-living/ http://www.hifive1.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/citylink002.jpg http://citylinkcenter.org/ http://citylinkcenter.org/ p49 http://www.watermarkonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/IkeaAndZebraCoalition6.jpg http://zebrayouth.org/2013/07/16/look-what-you-made-happen/img_6961/ http://zebrayouth.org/programs-services/youth-center/\ p50 http://www.urbanpeak.org/denver/programs-and-services/shelter/ http://www.urbanpeak.org/denver/programs-and-services/education/

http://www.urbanpeak.org/denver/programs-and-services/education-and-employment/employment-services/ http://www.heartlandhousing.org/sites/default/files/IMG_7753%20(Medium).jpg http://www.heartlandhousing.org/sites/default/files/IMG_7742%20(Medium)_0. jpg http://www.heartlandhousing.org/case-studies/town-hallapartments%E2%80%94-place-degradation-place-honor p51 http://westfaironline.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/W09_Green-Chimneys1-e1420471939259.jpg http://www.greenchimneys.org/lgbtq-career/ http://sacredcamelgardens.com/wordpress/2012/10/04/revisiting-sage-phoenixgreen-chimneys/ p52 http://www.blogto.com/upload/2013/06/20110217-519.jpg https://torontofoodies.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/fabarnak_in.jpg http://www.blogto.com/listings/restaurants/upload/2011/02/20110217-fabarnak08.jpg https://www.covenanthouse.org/sites/www.covenanthouse.org/themes/covenant/images/covenant-house-facebook-image-2015.jpg http://inspiremore.com/corporate-sleep-out-helps-raise-125000-in-one-night-forhomeless-youth/ http://inspiremore.com/corporate-sleep-out-helps-raise-125000-in-one-night-forhomeless-youth/ p53 http://vignette3.wikia.nocookie.net/sfhomeless/images/5/56/Lark_inn.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20090528205833 http://larkinstreetyouth.org/programs/education-employment/hire-up-employment/ http://larkinstreetyouth.org/programs/education-employment/hire-up-employment/

SITE & CONTEXT

Why Cincinnati? LGBTQ RIGHTS

SAFE AND SUPPORTED INITIATIVE NETWORK

Ohio currently does not prohibit:

Cincinnati currently has a growing support network set in motion.9

• Housing Discrimination1 • Employment Discrimination2

CATCHMENT AREA

• Public Accomodation Discrimination3

In a survey titled, “Serving Our Youth 2015: The Needs and Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Youth Experiencing Homelessness,” representing 138 youth homelessness human service agency providers in the United States and Canada, it was reported that, “Nine in ten respondents (90%) reported that LGBQ and transgender youth served at their agency came from their general geogrphic area or within 50 miles of the agency’s physical location.”10

• Bullying based on SOGIE4 • Education Discrimination5 • Transgender Healthcare Discrimination6 • And many other basic human rights.7 • Ohio does not have a law that addresses hate crimes based on SOGIE.8

Cincinnati catchment area draws youth from 3 states: Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana. Kentucky and Indiana are currently not supportive of many LGBTQ rights, similar to Ohio.11 This geographic area is in dire need of LGBTQ support.

Cincinnati 39.1o N, 84.42o W CLIMATE Cincinnati has a temperate climate. There are four distinguishable seasons. Time Zone from Greenwich -5

Climate Consultant, Cincinnati, TMY3 724297 WMO Station Number, Elevation 488 ft.12

Why Over-The-Rhine? TOPOGRAPHY The Over-The Rhine neighborhood is in a valley. The area is relatively flat, making it one of the few walkable neighborhoods in Cincinnati.

500 ft

Topography Lines

Why Over-The-Rhine? PUBLIC TRANSIT Over-the-Rhine is well-connected to the rest of Cincinnati through its many buses. Many major roads run through OTR including Vine Street, Elm Street, Main Street, Liberty Street, Central Parkway, and others. The Cincinnati streetcar is currently under development and will connect Overthe-Rhine. Bus stop locations from Metro www.go-metro.com,13 Streetcar locations from cincinnati-oh.gov.14

500 ft

Bus Stations

Streetcar

Bus Lines Streetcar Lines 61

Why Over-The-Rhine? POINTS OF INTEREST There are a few major nodes (places where paths cross) and landmarks (easily recognizable destinations) of Over-the-Rhine. Nodes include: Liberty/ Vine intersection and Washington Square Park. Landmarks include: Music Hall and Findlay Market. OTR also has many established social services. Within a mile of the proposed site, there are community spaces, healthcare facilities, grocery stores, and greenspaces. Points of Interest locations from Google Maps.15

500 ft

Community Space Social Services

Landmark

Grocery/Food 62

Healthcare

Greenspace

Node

Why Over-The-Rhine? ZONING Cincinnati zoning does not allow for transitional/congregate housing in many neighborhoods. Over-theRhine is one of the few places that has established homeless facilities. Commercial districts (red) are where mixed-use living and transitional/ congregate housing may be placed. Map based on Cincinnatiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s zoning map16 and the Zoning Code of the City of CIncinnati.17

500 ft

Commercial Community Residential Mixed

Manufacturing General Parks & Recreation

Urban Mix District

Single-Family Residential

Planned Development

Commercial Neighborhoood

Site Criteria LOCATION

• Within appropriate zoning • Bus stop within a mile • Grocery store, pharmacy, and green space within a mile • Well-trafficked area for safety and accessibility to the public

BUILDING PROPERTIES

• Able to be used for mixed use • Large storefront • Multiple entrances for discretion and safety of tenants • Regular windows for residences • Recognizeable • Opportunities for outdoor space • Multiple floors to accomodate multiple programs • Appropriate structual spacing to allow for multiple programs

BUILDING CHARACTER

• Warm, historic charm • Express mixed-use intention • Celebrate the identity of OTR

3 Site Options ELM ST • Strengths: Connects with Findlay Market community, it is parallel to Washington Sq Park • Weaknesses: Fewer bus stops, little room for yard space • Opportunities: Storefront/walk-in approach, many large sites, historic charm • Threats: Big businesses and expensive condos

VINE ST • Strengths: Recognizable road, greater visibility, plenty of storefronts, many bus stops • Weaknesses: Not as much green space/yard space, not as much room to grow • Opportunities: Able to have walk-in approach • Threats: Big businesses and expensive condos

REPUBLIC ST • Strengths: Many fixer-uppers, historic charm, not as popular for businesses and expensive homes • Weaknesses: Not a busy road, tight roads • Opportunities: Larger buildings, room to grow, yard space and vacant lots for outdoor space • Threats: Less exposure, further from green spaces

Findlay Market Analysis PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION The area directly around Findlay Market attracts a lot of pedestrians. It is a heavily trafficked area. Points of Interest locations from Google Maps.18

Community Space Social Services

Greenspace

Grocery/Food

Bike-Friendly

Healthcare

Pedestrians

100 ft

Findlay Market Analysis TRAFFIC CIRCULATION There are major roads that cross through Findlay Market. The new streetcar passes through, as well, making this a major crossroad area. Bus stop locations from Metro www.go-metro.com,19 Streetcar locations from cincinnati-oh.gov,20 Traffic movement from Google Maps.21

Heavy Traffic Medium Traffic Low Traffic Streetcar Path 100 ft

Bus Stations

Streetcar Stop

Findlay Market Analysis DISTRICT 1 CRIME Gathered from the City of Cincinnati Police, District 1 data. District 1 includes: Over-the-Rhine, Pendleton, Mount Adams, West End, and Queensgate.22 The year to date trend compared to the 3-year trend for violent crime has decreased by 12%. However, homicide has increased by 118%.23 One theory, according to the police from featured in 2014 article titled, “Police Explain Local Increase in Homicides,” from CityBeat, is that “the key driver of the increases... is gang-related activity, particularly activity involving the Mexican drug cartel that controls the heroin trade.”24 Chart and map from “District 1 Stars Report.” Cincinnati-OH.gov.25

Crime statistics as of July 11, 2015

Findlay Market Analysis CRIME The crime mapped for June 2015. Around Findlay Market, most of the crime is non-violent. The area is heavily policed since it is a heavy tourist area. Non-violent crime is defined as burglary, robbery, theft, and vandalism. Violent crime is defined as arson, assault, and shooting. Map information gathered from SpotCrime.26

Arrests

Non-Violent

Violent 100 ft

Site: 1801 Elm St - Globe Furniture OVERVIEW:

STRENGTHS:

From the outside, The Globe Furniture Building appears to be a combination of two buildings. The first building on the corner is four stories plus a basement. The second building, referred to as the Globe gallery, is two stories plus a basement and is joined to the first building on the 1st and 2nd floors. The architectural style of the buildings reflects the historic Italianate architecture of OTR. The structure of the four-storey portion is load-bearing masonry walls. The structure of the two-storey building is steel frame. Platte Architecture + Design, Peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Liberty, and The Mini Microcinema are the current tenants of this space.27

The site is adjacent to Findlay Market, it is close to public transit, a major destination for tourists and residents of Cincinnati. The building has a large storefront and an opportunity for a three-seasons room, the building is large enough for multiple programs, the building has a history in OTR and a landmark around the Findlay Market area, and building has a raised, outdoor space. The character is warm and inviting.

WEAKNESSES: The site does not have a green space adjacent, the hours of operation around building are typically 9-5, and the building is in a less developed neighborhood of OTR.

OPPORTUNITIES: The building is large enough to have a mix of programs and the character of the building provides the opportunity to design historical interior.

THREATS: Big businesses and expensive condos are being built further north, extending past Liberty Street, site may have competition with other retail spaces. 70

Building Exterior

Clock Tower

Side Approach

Side Entry to Staircase

Alley Behind Site

Back Entry

Main Entrance

One major advantage and potentially disadvantage to the Globe Furniture Building is that it has a prominent street presence. The building is set on a corner lot right next to Findlay Market. Many residents of OTR and tourists come to this destination on the weekends making it a desired location for the retail side of the program. However, this site may also attract unwanted attention from those who know LGBTQ youth are staying at this building, potentially in refuge. One way that this site addresses safety is that it is in a highly trafficked area by being on the main roads and near a major tourist destination.

Another way The Globe Furniture Building addresses safety is that it has multiple entrances/exits. The first and main entrance is located along Elm Street and is connected to the storefront. It is a covered diagonal entry that gives an intrigue to the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s street presence. The building also has a side entrance that connects to the central stairwell and a back entrance that leads into the alleyway behind the building. By having multiple entrances and exits, residents would be able to have greater privacy by being able to move around without watch from the public eye.

Street View

Elm Street is Being Developed Radially from Findlay Market

Findlay Market

View from Findlay Market

Findlay Market Streetcar Stop

Globe Furniture Sign is Visible from a Distance

The Globe Furniture building is easily found and can be seen from a distance. This would help draw potential customers coming in from South OTR. Also, for homeless LGBTQ youth seeking out refuge, it is an easily recognizeable

landmark to relay to friends. The program would be able to connect homeless youth with other social services, such as Lighthouse Youth Services. 75

Interior View

Original Historic Character of Globe Furniture

Stairs in Globe Gallery up to Peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Liberty

New Stairwell

After Construction, 4th Floor

Storefront Space, 1st Floor

After Construction, 2nd Floor

In recent years, the original building has been refurbished. According to an article entitled, “Take a tour of People’s Liberty and OTR’s newest office space,” from bizjournals. com, City Studios Architecture was the architect for refurbishing the Globe Furniture Building. Currently, 3CDC owns the building and has helped with the development. People’s Liberty is the primary tenant taking up floors 2 & 3 and the gallery. Platte Architecture + Design is located on the 4th floor. The first floor is currently empty, however, the plan is for it to house a restaurant.28 More recently, according to “New movie theater pops up in OTR,” from Cincinnati.com, the connected Globe gallery is now hosting The Mini Microcinema, a theater for experimental

film. It was sponsored by People’s Liberty “Globe grant,” to activate the gallery space for at least 10 weeks.29 Since being redeveloped, some of the original architectural features remain. For example,the stairs that connect all the floors in the Globe Furniture Building have been refinished and painted white. The original “Globe” sign was refurnished by The American Sign Museum. Some of the original brick walls are exposed and the rafters from the original building have been repurposed to create the stairs in the gallery.30

Site & Context - Sources References 1 “HRC Ohio.” Human Rights Campaign. Accessed July 15, 2015. http:// www.hrc.org/states/ohio. 2 Ibid. 3 Ibid. 4 Ibid. 5 Ibid. 6 Ibid. 7 Ibid. 8 Ibid. 9 Hicks, Meredith. “Working to End LGBTQ Youth Homelessness in Southwestern Ohio.” Human Rights Campaign. December 1, 2014. Accessed July 4, 2015. http://www.hrc.org/blog/entry/working-to-end-lgbtqyouthhomelessness-in-southwestern-ohio. 10 Choi, S.K., Wilson, B.D.M., Shelton, J., & Gates, G. (2015). Serving Our Youth 2015: The Needs and Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Youth Experiencing Homelessness. Los Angeles: The Williams Institute with True Colors Fund. 11 “HRC Local.” Human Rights Campaign. Accessed July 19, 2015. http:// www.hrc.org/states. 12 Milne, Murray. Climate Consultant. Vers. 5.4. Los Angeles, CA: University of California, Los Angeles, n.d. Computer software. 13 “Maps and Schedules.” Cincinnati Metro. April 1, 2014. Accessed July 20, 2015. http://www.go-metro.com/riding-metro/maps-and-schedules. 14 “Design & Route - Streetcar.” Design & Route - Streetcar. March 1, 2012. Accessed July 20, 2015. http://www.cincinnati-oh.gov/streetcar/ designroute/. 15 “Over-the-Rhine.” Google Maps. Accessed July 20, 2015. https://www.google.com/maps/place/Over-The-Rhine, Cincinnati, OH/@39.1151112,-84.5183459,16z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x8841b3f93c470c 51:0x3c5f36f7cdfaefac?hl=en. 16 Cincinnati Area GIS. Accessed July 20, 2015. http://cagisonline. hamilton-co.org/cagisonline/index.html?zoning=cincinnati. 17 “Zoning Code of the City of Cincinnati.” Municode Library. Accessed July 20, 2015. https://www.municode.com/library/oh/cincinnati/codes/code_of_ ordinances?nodeId=TIXIZOCOCI. 18 “Over-the-Rhine.” 19 “Maps and Schedules.” 20 “Design & Route - Streetcar.” 21 “Traffic.” Google Maps. Accessed July 20, 2015. https://www.google. com/maps/@39.1132755,-84.5154457,16.25z/data=!5m1!1e1?hl=en.

22 “District 1 Stars Report.” Cincinnati-OH.gov. July 11, 2015. Accessed July 20, 2015. http://www.cincinnati-oh.gov/police/crime-statistics/district-1stars-report/. 23 Ibid. 24 Lopez, German. “Police Explain Local Increase in Homicides.” Police Explain Local Increase in Homicides. January 6, 2014. Accessed July 20, 2015. http://citybeat.com/cincinnati/blog-5390-police_explain_local_increase_in_ homicides.html. 25 “District 1 Stars Report.” 26 “SpotCrime: Over-the-Rhine.” SpotCrime. Accessed July 20, 2015. http://spotcrime.com/oh/cincinnati/over-the-rhine. 27 Caproni, Erin. “Take a Tour of OTR’s Newest Office Space.” Cincinnati Business Courier. April 9, 2015. Accessed July 20, 2015. http://www.bizjournals. com/cincinnati/blog/2015/03/take-a-tour-of-peoples-liberty-and-otr-s-newest. html. 28 Ibid. 29 Motsinger, Carol. “New Movie Theater Pops up in OTR.” Cincinnati. com. July 6, 2015. Accessed July 20, 2015. http://www.cincinnati.com/story/ entertainment/movies/2015/07/06/new-movie-theater-pops-otr/29788141/. 30 Caproni, “Take a Tour of OTR’s Newest Office Space.” Images p61 Diagram by Author p62 Map by Author p63 Map by Author p64 Map by Author p65 Map by Author p66 Photo by Author p67 Diagrams by Author p68 Map by Author p69 Map by Author p70 Chart and map modified from: http://www.cincinnati-oh.gov/police/crime-

statistics/district-1-stars-report/ p71 Map by Author p72 Elevation provided by City Studios Architecture p73 Photo by Author p74 Photo by City Studios Architecture Photo by Author Photo by Author Photo by Author Photo by Author Photo by Author Photo by Author p75 Photo by Author p76 Photo by Author Photo by Author Photo by Author Photo by Author Photo by Author p77 Photo by Author p78 https://www.flickr.com/photos/53177138@N04/sets/72157646056132285 http://www.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/blog/2015/03/take-a-tour-of-peoplesliberty-and-otr-s-newest.html https://www.flickr.com/photos/53177138@N04/sets/72157646056132285 http://www.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/blog/2015/03/take-a-tour-of-peoplesliberty-and-otr-s-newest.html https://www.flickr.com/photos/53177138@N04/sets/72157646056132285 https://www.flickr.com/photos/53177138@N04/sets/72157646056132285 p79 https://www.flickr.com/photos/53177138@N04/sets/72157646056132285

P R O J EC T P R O P E RT I E S

Facility Overview DESIGN OBJECTIVES: For homeless LGBTQ youth, asking for help can be difficult, especially after facing rejection and prejudice. This Live/Work Facility would provide temporary housing and a job training skills in a year-long program for homeless, LGBTQ, transition age youth to create a the basis for a career.

CityLink

Youth entering the facility are not outed as LGBTQ or homeless by walking inside. The retail facade masks the user’s true needs from the outside world. Upon entering, one can apply for the live/work program in complete privacy in a space adjacent to the retail floorspace. Once accepted into the program, users will be given a bedroom in the upstairs shared living facilities and be expected to work in the retail space on the first floor. There, they will gain valuable trade skills to start a basis for a career. Every youth will be given a caseworker from the beginning of their application until the moment they leave. The caseworker will work with the youth to assess goals and monitor the youth’s progress.

Green Chimneys

DESIGN GOALS: • Provide a stable place of work for residents. • The vast majority of residents find stable jobs after year-long training program. • Customers come in contact with a resident employee every time they enter the retail space. • Customers interract with moments explaining the purpose of the facility and store.

Urban Peak

Ultimately, the program will be to train LGBTQ homeless youth to be independent. This facility is one of many that work towards Cincinnati’s Safe and Supported mission of eliminating LGBTQ youth homelessness. Covenant House

Social Sustainability COMMUNITY SUPPORT: The community will understand that by purchasing goods/services from the facility, they are directly affecting the lives of those living at the facility. Customers will engage with resident employees.

Venice on Vine

Fabarnak Restaurant

Covenant House

Larkin Street Youth

Green Chimneys

LIVE/WORK BALANCE: Transition-age youth who are accepted into the Live/Work Program will be expected to live and work in the facility. The profit earned from working goes directly towards the youthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cost of living at the facility.

ENGAGE COMMUNITY TRENDS: Residents will also engage in community service activities, such as working with 3CDC to redevelop the up and coming Over-the-Rhine, North of Liberty St.

Who Can Apply to the Program? Start W H Y A M I N OT P R I O R I T Y? A R E Y O U H O M E L E S S/ AT R I S K O F B E CO M I N G H O M E L E S S?

This is a live/job-training program for the homeless and at-risk of being homeless that aims to help provide the skills necessary for the basis for a stable career.

Yes W H Y A M I N OT P R I O R I T Y? A N D B E T W E E N 18-24 Y E A R S O L D?

Yes

This is a program for transition-age, homeless/at-risk youth because they are in most need of social services. Transition Age youth are not considered homeless until they are on the street.1

HIGHEST PRIORITY Transitioning individuals face unique barriers to employment, especially in Ohio. According to the 2011, “Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey,” transgender respondents “experienced unemployment at twice the rate of the general population,” 90% reported “experiencing harassment or mistreatment on the job or took actions to avoid it, and 26% reported “that they had lost a job due to being transgender or gender non-conforming.”3

Yes A R E Y O U C U R R E N T LY IN THE PROCESS OF T R A N S I T I O N I N G?

HIGH PRIORITY This population represents roughly 20-40% of the homeless youth population.2

Yes DO YOU IDENTIFY A S L E S B I A N, G AY, B I S E X U A L, T R A N S G E N D E R, Q U E E R/ Q U E S T I O N I N G?

W H Y A M I N OT P R I O R I T Y?

LGBTQ homeless youth are prioritized because there are no LGBTQ-focused job training/emergency housing services currently in Cincinnati.

Users FRITZ

DEIDRE

ANTON

Growing up, Fritz was told by his parents that he should be himself. When he came out to his parents as gay, he never expected to be kicked out of the house at the age of 18. Fortunately, Fritz had a couple friends that let him spend some nights at their houses. Eventually, he was told that he needed to leave. Fritz had no money and a high school education. Fortunately, a friend recomended Lighthouse Youth Services. There, he applied for the Live/ Work Program and was accpeted.

Deidre has been in the foster care system for 7 years since she was taken from her home by Children’s Services at age 11. After coming out as bisexual to her caseworker, they recommended she apply for the Live/Work Program when she turned 18. According to Deidre, “If it wasn’t for the Live/Work Program, I don’t know where I would have ended up after aging out of foster care.” Now 23, Deidre has her own apartment and just finished her bachelors of business communication degree.

Anton, originally from Northern Kentucky, ran away after his parents found out he was wearing “boy clothes” at school, and sent him to a relative’s house. Anton has known that he has been a boy since before he can remember and has wanted to transition into a boy. Now 22, Anton has a stable income from his first job after graduating from the Live/Work Program. With the money he earns, he is paying for his hormone treatment. In the future, he hopes to work at the Live/ Work Facility to help others like himself.

Lighthouse Youth Services

Live/Work Program

Hired at Construction Company

Living in Transitional Housing

Graduated College

Living/ Working on her Own

Hired at a Local Restaurant

Volunteering at the Live/ Work Facility

FRITZ

Came Out & Kicked Out

DEIDRE

Foster Care System

Aged Out

Live/Work Program

ANTON

Found Out & Sent Off

Lighthouse Youth Services

Live/Work Program

Every participant that comes through the Live/Work Program works with the case managers on staff to come up with future career and life goals. The Live/Work Program appropriately connects them to job training programs onsite and support services offsite. While living at the Live/Work Facility, youth will have the opportunity to work on the retail floor and engage with customers. Youth may also choose to work behind the scenes with customer service or inventory. Through the skills gained in each of these fields of work, youth are able to gain the valuable job training necessary to get a stable job. The community supports the youth by buying at the retail facility. Local employers will be able to see first-hand the youth working in a specific field of work and will be able to set up interviews with the youth at the Live/Work Facility.

Space Requirements PROGRAM: The Globe Furniture Building is accomodating to the needs of this large program. The building in total is almost 20,000 square feet. This can house the living facilites and work facilites in one single building. The benefits to having the program in one building are: • There is no transportation needed for the residents to get to work. • Residents’ safety is not jeopardized by walking to another location. • Youth may discretely apply to the Live/Work Program in the comfort of the retail facility. • Employers may be able to see the youth working first-hand.

Gross Measured Area: Basement - 3024 SF, First - 5123 SF, Second - 5141 SF, Third - 3161 SF, Fourth - 3216 SF

Program Adjacencies Residences

X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Bathrooms - Shared

X X

Kitchen - Shared Mentor Apartment Entrances to Residence Spaces Side Staircase Multipurpose/Rec Room Dining Room Private Room Storage - Residences

X X

Living/Gathering

Storage - Retail

X X

X X X X X X X

X X X

Offices Entrance to Store Cash Wrap

X X

Dressing Rooms Restroom

Immediate Adjacency

Retail Floorspace

Important Adjacency

Outdoor Patio Elevator

Reasonably Convenient Remove Unimportant Adjacency

Building Code Requirements MIXED OCCUPANCIES: According to “The Codes Guidebook For Interiors,” by Sharon Koomen Harmon and Katherine E. Kennon, “In most cases the different occupancies must be separated by fire rated partitions or fire walls so that each occupancy is contained and kept separate. Each occupancy will then be treated as its own entity.”4 The occupancy load will also be determined for each separate space.5 This means the occupancy load for the residences does not depend on the retail space. All of the different occupancies in the building will need at least two exits.6 This means there may need to be extra entances/exits/means of egress built.

MEANS OF EGRESS: The Globe Furniture Building has multiple entrances/exits. There is a fire escape on the West side of the building that leads into the alleyway. The main staircase is located on the South side of the building and is considered the side entrance. Both the retail space and the gallery space have separate entrances on Elm Street. The circulation of all occupants will need to be taken into consideration. The elevator is not considered a means of egress, but will need to be programmed to meet the security and safety requirements for each of the occupancies.7

FURNITURE, FINISHES, & ELECTRICAL: The FF&E needs special consideration in this facility. Not only do items need to be durable, they also need to be easily cleaned and fire safe.8 In addition, there are some specialty items that would need to be purchased for the safety of the residents. An example would be quick release hooks for the bathrooms and rooms. They are quick release so that residents cannot hurt themselves.

Programmatic Option 1

OPTION 1: The first floor will include the retail, storage for the retail, and the offices of the residents and mentors. Floor 2 becomes the private residence common areas and the mentor apartment. The mentor acts as a resident advisor and guidance counselor for the residents. Floor 3 & 4 are exclusively for the residents. Each resident has their own room; kitchen, bath, and living facilities are shared. An outdoor patio is shared by the mentor and the residents on the second floor.

Retail Residence Rooms Mentor Apartment Storage Residence Common Areas Office Space 93

Programmatic Option 2

OPTION 2: Option 2 separates the mentor apartment into two floors: a private (floor 1) and public floor (floor 2). Residents have access to the mentorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s office through the second floor. Offices for the retail facility are on the first floor and case manager offices are on the second. Youth live on the 3rd and 4th floor with common spaces on the 2nd and 3rd. Part of the basement is rented out.

Retail Residence Rooms Mentor Apartment Storage Residence Common Areas Office Space 95

Programmatic Option 3

OPTION 3: In option 3, all office spaces are located on the first floor, creating a more distinct separation between the residents living and working facilities. Residents live on floors 2-4. The mentor apartment is on the 4th floor for a more private, yet accessible space. Part of the basement is rented out.

Retail Residence Rooms Mentor Apartment Storage Residence Common Areas Office Space 97

Exploratory Model CONCLUSION: To better understand The Globe Furniture building in conjunction with the program, 1/8” scale cubes representing 10’ x 10’ were used to start planning out the specific spaces. Cubes representing 10’ x 6’ were used to plan out the maximum number of resident rooms the facility could hold. After building a model of the space, it was understood that the building may be larger than necessary. Moving forward with the design, more parts of the building will be rented out to other businesses. This will pose another challenge to the design, creating new circulation paths and entrances/exits to protect the identities of the residents at the Live/Work Facility. Other options for the retail space will also be explored. The goal is to find a retail program that provides a diverse set of skill sets and job opportunities.

Retail

Storage

Residence Rooms

Residence Common Areas

Mentor Apartment

Office Space

FLOOR 1

FLOOR 2

FLOOR 3

FLOOR 4

Project Properties - Sources References 1 Hicks, Meredith. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Lighthouse Youth Services and LGBT Youth Homelessness Experience.â&#x20AC;? Interview by author. June 10, 2015. 2 Durso, L.E., & Gates, G.J. (2012). Serving Our Youth: Findings from a National Survey of Service Providers Working with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth who are Homeless or At Risk of Becoming Homeless. Los Angeles: The Williams Institute with True Colors Fund and The Palette Fund. 3 Grant, Jaime M., Lisa A. Mottet, Justin Tanis, Jack Harrison, Jody L. Herman, and Mara Keisling. Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey. Washington: National Center for Transgender Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, 2011. 4 Harmon, Sharon Koomen. The Codes Guidebook for Interiors. New York, New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1994. 5 Ibid. 6 Ibid. 7 Ibid. 8 Ibid. Images p84 http://citylinkcenter.org/ http://www.greenchimneys.org/lgbtq-career/ http://www.urbanpeak.org/denver/programs-and-services/education/ p85 http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-09OHleUo26w/UfAl6eYoYoI/AAAAAAAAIF0/ DyWUVi8J-78/s640/IMG_6123.JPG https://torontofoodies.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/fabarnak_in.jpg http://inspiremore.com/corporate-sleep-out-helps-raise-125000-in-one-night-forhomeless-youth/ http://larkinstreetyouth.org/programs/education-employment/hire-up-employment/ http://larkinstreetyouth.org/programs/education-employment/hire-upemployment/ http://sacredcamelgardens.com/wordpress/2012/10/04/revisiting-sage-phoenixgreen-chimneys/ p86 Diagram by Author p87 Diagram by Author

100

p88 http://gbmnews.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/alg-ali-forney-center-jpg. jpg http://www.justhink.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/013439-1401x788-_MG_8027. jpg http://gbmnews.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/alg-ali-forney-center-jpg. jpg p89 Diagram by Author p90 Diagram by Author p91 Diagram by Author p92 Diagram by Author p93 Diagram by Author p94 Diagram by Author p95 Diagram by Author p96 Diagram by Author p97 Diagram by Author p98 Diagram by Author p99 Diagram by Author p100 Photo by Author p101 Photo by Author Photo by Author Photo by Author

101

APPENDIX

102

103

Interviews MEREDITH HICKS

Planning and Policy Director at Lighthouse Youth Services

Meredith Hicks currently leads the Safe and Supported Initiative to End Homelessness for LGBTQ youth in CIncinnati. Insights gained from interviewing Meredith: • 15% of the homeless youth 18-24 self identify as LGBT. However, it is expected that percentage is actually much higher, closer to the national average of 40%. • One of the number one reasons for homelessness among LGBT youth is family rejection. • Lighthouse Youth Services is training formerly homeless youth to be part of the street outreach team, a group of trained staff members and volunteers that go out at all hours of the day to try to reach young people where they are. • Anybody can come in and use the space in Sheakley Center during the day. However, once one takes a bed, they have to be committed to making a change in their life and getting housing. Some people aren’t ready to do that, and that is okay.

104

• 10-17 year olds are considered homeless by the Department of Housing and Urban Development if they are couch-surfing. 18-24 year olds are only considered homeless once they are literally on the streets. • Sheakley Center has a maximum stay of 30 days. If someone stays for two months, it is seen as a negative thing because Lighthouse Youth Services is trying to serve as many people as possible to keep the turnover high. If one stays longer, outcomes go down and funding goes down. It is a challenge that makes LYS work smarter and harder. A transgender young person who is looking for a job may take longer than 30 days due to employment discrimination. • Transgender youth have many different needs from L,G, and B youth. LYS has strived to keep distinctions with sexual orientation and gender identity. There is commonality across experience, but there are still some unique needs. Transgender people can get left behind, especially transgender people of color. Think about the diversity within that community and its unique needs. • Ikea is furnishing a unit to serve as an independent life skills training center. It will serve as an interactive classroom space.

CHRIS*

Client at Sheakley Center

Chris was a client of Lighthouse Youth Services that lived at Sheakley Center. Before coming to Sheakley Center, Chris was in 17 foster homes, eight residential facilities, four group homes and spent nearly three years on the streets. Insights gained from interviewing Chris:

• One of Chris’ favorite spaces in Sheakley Center was the outdoor private patio area, located behind the center. • Chris’ ideal youth shelter would provide therapy, job opportunities, housing, a mentorship program, and a caseworker to help set and achieve goals. *Chris’ name has been changed to protect his privacy.

• Chris spent 78 days at Sheakley Center. This was due to working on his case plan. He was waiting for housing opportunities to find him an apartment. • His experience at Sheakley Center was challenging. He dealt with homophobic bullies frequently. When asked what would be a service he would have liked to have had, he wanted a hotline or someone he could talk to, more like a mentor. • Self-defense was cited as important to address, as well. Chris has been a victim of violence due to being gay.

105

Additional Literature For a full plan of Cincinnati’s Safe and Supported Initiative: http://www.strategiestoendhomelessness.org/wp-content/ themes/stehTheme/docs/Executive%20Summary.pdf For the “Serving Our Youth: Findings from a National Survey of Service Providers Working with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth who are Homeless or At Risk of Becoming Homeless” document online: http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/ Durso-Gates-LGBT-Homeless-Youth-Survey-July-2012.pdf For the “Serving Our Youth 2015: The Needs and Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Youth Experiencing Homelessness” document online: http://issuu.com/truecolorsfund/docs/serving_our_youth_ june_2015/1?e=15648130/13431891

106

MATT FORD INTERIOR DESIGNER 2