BluePrint by Matt Ford

B LU E PRINT

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MATT FORD BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INTERIOR DESIGN, 2016 UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI

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B LU E·P R I N T

noun A detailed plan used to start something new.

This capstone has developed out of my personal experience of coming out as gay. I went through a long process of self-acceptance and I would not be where I am without the support of my family and friends. Near the beginning of the coming out process, I went to LGBTQ youth group meetings. There I came to realize that some of my peers’ experiences were much more trying and painful than my own. Many of them faced rejection from friends and family; some of them were forced out of their own homes. I became involved with Town Hall Apartments, a lowincome senior facility in Boystown, Chicago, in spring 2015. The apartments are special because the majority of the residents self-identify as LGBTQ. Adjacent to Town Hall Apartments, is Chicago’s famed Center on Halsted, a multifaceted LGBT community center. Gensler, an architecture firm I was working for at the time, was involved with the creation of both of these spaces. Town Hall Apartments’ interior design was by Designs for Dignity, a pro bono design firm that serves nonprofit organizations in need. My Sunday mornings were spent managing the front desk and entrance of Town Hall Apts. Acting as the liaison between Gensler, Designs for Dignity, and Town Hall Apartments, I was able to 4

interview the designers, property managers, and residents of Town Hall Apartments, gaining a better understanding of issues the LGBTQ community is facing right now in the U.S. This project will cover why Cincinnati is in need of LGBTQspecific youth housing/services, precedents and trends happening in the U.S. and abroad, a program designed around the specific needs, and a model to represent the solution at a specific site. The deliverables of this capstone will include: a research booklet, a building’s interior design, a specific site in Cincinnati, and models, drawings, and renderings of the completed design. This capstone will raise awareness of: the disproportionate representation of LGBTQ homeless youth to general homeless youth, Ohio’s lack of protection for its marginalized LGBTQ population, and the need for LGBTQ-specific services. As a result of this capstone, citizens of Cincinnati will be educated on the LGBTQ homeless population, what their needs are versus the general homeless youth population, and a possible solution to this problem. Matt Ford BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

P06 P20 P36 P36 P36

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R E S EA R C H PROGRAM PROCESS DESIGN APPENDIX

R ES EA R C H

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Definitions LGBTQ

GENDER IDENTITY

Refers to a person’s innate, deeply felt psychological identification as a man, woman or some other gender, which may or may not correspond to the sex assigned to them at birth.2

GENDER EXPRESSION

Gender expression refers to all of the external characteristics and behaviors that are socially defined as either masculine or feminine, such as dress, grooming, mannerisms, speech patterns and social interactions.3

SEXUAL ORIENTATION

The preferred term used when referring to an individual’s physical and/or emotional attraction to the same and/or opposite gender.4

TRANSITION AGE YOUTH

18-24 year olds. In accessing services, this age group is considered homeless. However, by HUD’s definition, under 18 year olds can be considered homeless if they are couchsurfing. Transition Age youth are not considered homeless until they are on the street.5

SOGIE

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning.1

Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Expression.

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How many people identify as LGBT?

About 3.5% of Americans identify as LGBT

Why is this a population we should be focused on? How many homeless youth are actually LGBT? According to The Williams Institute, in the United States alone, around 3.5% of Americans self-identify as LGBT.6 However, a recent study entitled, “Serving Our Youth: Findings from a National Survey of Service Providers Working with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth who are Homeless or At Risk of Becoming Homeless,” found that out of the total homeless youth population in the United States, around 20-40% selfidentify as LGBT.7 This is a highly disproportionate number that forces us to wonder why this population is homeless in the first place?

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40% of homeless youth identify as LGBT

In Cincinnati: In an interview with Meredith Hicks, Lighthouse Youth Services’ Planning and Policy Director, LYS estimates that, “15% of [18-24 year olds] self-identify as LGBT at the Lighthouse Sheakley Center for Youth.8 While this is not the national average, Hicks was quick to say that, “The actual number of homeless youth who identify as LGBT is most likely higher because some young people are reluctant to disclose the personal information or engage with services.”9 Sheakley Center provides beds to an estimated 330, 18-24 year olds and provides services to an estimated 500, 18-24 year olds each year.10 As Lighthouse Youth Services is the primary homeless youth center in Cincinnati, it is safe to assume these numbers accurately represent the total LGBT homeless youth population in Cincinnati. 9

Why are so many homeless? Primary Reason For Homelessness for LGBQ and Transgender Youth as Reported by Providers13 Forced out by Parents/ran away because of SOGIE

THEY ARE EITHER FORCED OUT BY PARENTS OR RAN AWAY BECAUSE OF THEIR SEXUAL ORIENTATION, GENDER IDENTITY, OR EXPRESSION The primary reason for LGBTQ youth homelessness as reported by providers, for both LGBQ and Transgender youth, is “Forced out by parents/ran away because of sexual orientation/gender identity/expression.”11 In an interview with Jeff Krehely, the Director of The LGBT Research and Communications Project at the Center for American Progress, by the United States Interagency Council on Homelessness, Jeff states that “this population deserves special attention...because the youth’s LGBTQ identity is very often the direct cause of homelessness.”12 This is a unique experience compared to the general reasons for youth homelessness. 10

Family Issues Family Poverty/ Lack of Affordable Housing

Forced out/Ran Away because of Other Issues Aged out of the Foster Care System Physical, Emotional, Sexual Abuse at Home

55.3% 67.1% 16.5% 7.3% 8.2% 4.9% 5.9% 2.4% 3.5% 2.4% 7.1% 1.2%

Lack of Culturally Competent Services

1.2% 2.4%

Youth Untreated Mental Illness

1.2% 2.4%

Substance Use By Youth

1.2% 0% 0%

Other LGBQ (n=85)

9.8% Transgender (n=82)

Serving Our Youth 2015: The Needs and Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Youth Experiencing Homelessness14 BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

Why should we care?

What is so different about the LGBT homeless population versus the general homeless population? Why should we study this group individually? On the United States Interagency Council on Homelessness’ website, it is makes clear that, “[the LGBTQ youth] are more at risk once they BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

are homeless for sexual abuse and exploitation. There is a high incidence of depression, suicide initiations, and other mental health disorders among all youth experiencing homelessness, and chronic physical health conditions are common as are high rates of substance abuse disorders.”15 11

How is Cincinnati addressing this issue?

Cincinnati is creating a support network.

Hamilton County is currently one of two counties in the United States that is a part of the Safe and Supported Initiative. The “Safe and Supported [Initiative], [is] a Cincinnati-based coalition of community leaders led by Lighthouse Youth Services, is working to improve the lives of LGBTQ youth looking for place to call home.”16 The goal is to create a solid network of diverse services to strengthen the support of the LGBT homeless youth population in Cincinnati. “The ‘Safe & Supported’ partners include: Caracole, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Office of Mayor John Cranley, Cincinnati Police Department, Cincinnati Public Schools, Gay, Lesbian & Straight 12

Education Network (GLSEN), Hamilton County Job and Family Services, Heartland Trans* Wellness Group, Human Rights Campaign, Lighthouse Youth Services, Planned Parenthood Southwest Ohio Region, Strategies to End Homelessness, The Partnership Center, Truth and Destiny Covenant Ministries, University of Cincinnati LGBTQ Center and YWCA of Greater Cincinnati, True Colors Fund and Lighthouse Youth Advisory Council.”17 This capstone will add to this growing network by connecting housing & homelessness prevention and job services organizations through an career-focused program with support from the local government and the safe and supported initiative network. BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

The Safe and Supported Initiative Network NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

LOCAL GOVERNMENT

HOUSING & HOMELESSNESS PREVENTION

JOB SERVICES Cincinnati Mayor Cranley

EDUCATION

PROGRAM SUPPORT

HEALTH

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What more can be done? PERCENT OF NEEDS CITED BY LGBQ YOUTH BY TOTAL NUMBER OF RESPONSES18 Education 7.3% Housing Other 26% 12.5% Acceptance/ Emotional Support of SOGIE Employment Identity 18.8% 17.7%

Health Care 17.7%

PERCENT OF NEEDS CITED BY TRANSGENDER YOUTH BY TOTAL NUMBER OF RESPONSES19 Other 7.5%

Education 6.6% Housing 28.3%

Health Care 13.2% Employment 18.9%

Transitional Support 25.5%

“Serving Our Youth 2015: The Needs and Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Youth Experiencing Homelessness”20

The top 3 needs of LGBQ youth are: 1. Housing 2. Acceptance/Emotional Support 3. Healthcare/Employment

The top 3 needs of the Transgender youth are: 1. Housing 2. Transitional support 3. Employment

Housing is an immediate response Lighthouse Youth Services can provide. However, it is only to an extent. As stated previously, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development defines an 18-24 year old homeless only if they are living on the street.21 Sheakley Center can only accept those who directly qualify as “homeless.” According to Meredith Hicks, the Planning and Policy

Director at Lighthouse Youth Services, Sheakley Center also has a 30-day goal of the length of the youth’s stay at Sheakley Center. Longer than that, and LYS is losing money from the government.22 This can be an especially challenging goal for LGBTQ homeless youth who face many barriers to employment. BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

Barriers to Employment

Did you know? OHIO DOES NOT PROHIBIT EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION BASED ON SEXUAL ORIENTATION, GENDER IDENTITY, OR EXPRESSION.23

While employment may be one of the highest needs after housing for LGBTQ homeless youth, it can be difficult for them to find stable employment because as stated in a survey titled, “Serving our Youth: Findings from a National Survey of Service Providers Working with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth Who Are Homeless or At Risk of Becoming Homeless,” representing 354 agencies in the United States, it was reported that: • 65% of their LGBT homeless youth clients had mental health issues.24 • 53% of their LGBT homeless youth clients have histories of alcohol and substance abuse.25 • 40% of their LGBT homeless youth clients have been subject to sexual assault/sexual exploitation.26 • 33% of their LGBT homeless youth clients have been in contact with the juvenile justice system.27 All of these contribute to the barriers preventing employment for these youth.

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Precedent 1: Lighthouse Youth Services VARIOUS LOCATIONS, CINCINNATI, OH

Top Left: Street Outreach Program Bottom Left: Sheakley Center for Youth Top Right: Youth Crisis Center Bottom Right: Lighthouse Youth Services Opposite: Police passing out food 16

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Lighthouse Youth Services serves over 5000 youth and families each year through their many services.28 Currently, LYS serves the homeless youth population through the Youth Crisis Center, for ages 10-17 youth; Sheakley Center, a 28 beds-facility for ages 18-24 transition age youth; and the Street Outreach Program, as a way to reach out to youth living on the streets and provide them with basic needs and resources. LYS is a leader of Hamilton County’s Safe and Supported Initiative to end and prevent homelessness for LGBTQ youth.29

have been invited to eat in the dining facilities at Sheakley Center. After they have finished their meal, they find out it was prepared by the youth living at Sheakley Center. This has helped Lighthouse Youth Services connect with the local police and break down the criminalization of being homeless.31

LYS “is a nationally recognized leader in youth homelessness prevention.”30 As an organization, LYS understands that it is one of many valuable resources for homeless youth and strives for a web of connections. To make connections and break down pre-conceived ideas of “homeless,” community leaders

Conclusion: Design must connect community to homeless population in a way that breaks down the idea of “homelessness.”

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In March 2015, Cincinnati Police training included outreach to homeless youth. The new Officers made sandwiches and passed out supplies to homeless youth on the street.32

Precedent 2: Venice on Vine 1301 VINE ST, CINCINNATI, OH

Top Left: Venice on Vine Facade Bottom Left: Venice sign made from recycled bottles Above: Restaurant overview Above Left: Cause is not made explicitly clear Above Right: Partners with United Way Opposite: Restaurant interior 18

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From the outside Venice on Vine appears to be just a pizza shop. However, they are run by Power Inspires Progress, a non-profit organization, “which operates small business in Cincinnati urban core to provide preemployment training opportunities for individuals with chronic barriers to employment.” The program’s main goal is that the, “trainee will have a positive part time experience, learn useful skills, overcome job carriers and move on to full time employment at a living wage within a year.”33

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Venice on Vine lets the public know that by eating here, the community helps support “a good cause.” The space is used as a “learning laboratory” to teach the individuals working there job skills. Employees gain experience working in the pizza shop and the catering business run out of the back kitchen.34

Conclusion: Design should create a work environment where the community contributes to the success of the workers.

Precedent 3: Larkin Street Youth Services 134 GOLDEN GATE AVENUE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA

Top Left: Larkin Street Youth Services Bottom Left: WireUp Program Top Right: YouthForce Program Bottom Right: Living Quarters Opposite: Graduation Day 20

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“Employment programs for homeless youth at Larkin Street’s Larkin Street Academy program include YouthForce, Job Readiness Class, Institute for Hire Learning, and Wire Up.”35

After youth have been through the Job Readiness Classes, they are eligible for the Institute for Hire Learning program. The IHL program helps youth access and afford vocational job training.38

YouthForce connects youth who may not have completed education or training to supervised community labor. It provides an opportunity for youth to gain valuable job skills and a sense of community.36

Wire Up is a 15-week computer course offered in the Larkin Street computer lab. It trains youth the most needed tech skills in the technology sector, raising the likelihood of employment.39

Job Readiness Classes help expand the ideas of what youth believe they can do with their lives. The curriculum involves learning pre-employment skills needed to find a job.37

Conclusion: Invest in career training that addresses homeless individuals’ interests and career trends.

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What is one of the fastest growing industries? THE 3D PRINTING INDUSTRY

Wohlers Report 2014

The 3D printing industry is currently one of the fastest growing industries in the world. â&#x20AC;&#x153;According to Wohlers Report 2014, the worldwide 3D printing industry is now expected to grow from $3.07B in revenue in 2013 to $12.8B by 2018, and exceed $21B in worldwide revenue by 2020.â&#x20AC;?41 3D printing is a tool that many market sectors utilize including: aerospace, architecture, design and consumer production, medical, electronics, etc. As the 3D printing industry expands, public interest is increasing. So what can 3D printing do for homeless and at-risk LGBTQ young adults? 22

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How does 3D printing work? PROCESS OF 3D PRINTING:

1. make a 3d model

or use a 3d scanner to scan an existing object and make a copy

2. 3d modeling

software slices the model into thousands of layers

3. printer reads

layers as 2d objects

4. object is printed layer by layer

SKILLS NEEDED TO 3D PRINT:

DESIGN THINKING

3D MODELING

TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT

COMPUTER APTITUDE

Conclusion: 3D printing promotes creativity, critical thinking, training in basic technology, and business. If a homeless young adult was trained in 3D printing, these transferrable skills could be used to pursue education/careers in technology, design, and consumer production. BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

Case Study: MakersCafe 24 ST FRANCIS ROAD, SE22 8DE, LONDON, UK

Top Left: 3D Printers Bottom Left: Interior Top Right: Branding Bottom Right: Branding Opposite: Entrance 24

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The MakersCafe in Shoreditch, London offers customers a wide array of services. One can 3D scan objects, 3D print, and laser cut.42 Most importantly, the staff will assist customers in creating the 3d models, advising on modeling techniques, getting cost estimates, and advising on material choices. By providing these services, MakersCafe is able to make 3D printing and laser cutting available to the general public.43

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Customers can grab a coffee, have a consultation with the staff and send their creation off to the print queue. The overall mood of the space is industrial. Painted brick walls and exposed light bulbs create the maker space vibe.

Conclusion: By providing consultation services, employees gain additional skills of customer support and service. These skills are a must for every career path. 25

PROGRAM

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Project Abstract THE PLAN FOR BLUEPRINT 15% of Cincinnati’s homeless/at-risk 18-24 year olds self-identify as LGBT, according to Lighthouse Youth Services, Cincinnati’s major homeless youth service provider. However that number is estimated to be closer to the national average of 20-40%.

HOW MIGHT CINCINNATI OFFER A SPACE FOR THE HOMELESS/AT-RISK LGBTQ YOUNG ADULTS THAT IS AN IMPETUS TO GAIN STABILITY? Blueprint, a Live/Work facility, will be placed in Cincinnati’s Over-The-Rhine neighborhood to connect homeless and at-risk LGBTQ young adults with the other social services in the area. Additionally, due to the neighborhood’s up and coming status, Blueprint: 3D Print Cafe & Shop, or the the work component, will gain patronage and exposure, breaking down the barriers between homeless young adults and society. Blueprint would provide temporary housing and job training skills in a year-long program for these young adults. They will be able to gain a variety of career skills by working in a retail/cafe setting and assisting customers in 3D modeling and 3D consultation. It will fit into Cincinnati’s growing Safe and Supported Initiative network, created to improve the lives of homeless LGBT young adults, and would exist as an application-based program that is offered to youth under the care of Lighthouse Youth Services. The program prioritizes LGBTQ homeless/at-risk 18-24 year olds, however all homeless/at-risk, 18-24 year olds may apply. Community employers will be connected to the facility to encourage future employment of the youth. The outcome of the Blueprint Live/Work facility will be that the young adults gain the skills needed to be independent and become an integral part of society.

WELCOME TO BLUEPRINT.

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Social Sustainability COMMUNITY SUPPORT: The community will understand that by purchasing goods/services from the facility, they are directly affecting the lives of those living at the facility. Customers will engage with resident employees.

Venice on Vine

LIVE/WORK BALANCE: Young adults who are accepted into the Live/Work Program will be expected to live and work in the facility. The profit earned from working goes directly towards the youthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cost of living at the facility.

Larkin Street Youth

ENGAGE TRENDS: Residents will be trained in 3D modeling and how to assist customers in their own designs. Residents will also have the opportunity to design and produce merchandise to be sold at Blueprint 3D Print Shop.

Printing at MakersCafe

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Who Can Apply to live and work at Blueprint? Start W H Y A M I N OT P R I O R I T Y? A R E Y O U H O M E L E S S/ AT R I S K O F B E CO M I N G H O M E L E S S?

This is a live/job-training program for the homeless and at-risk of being homeless that aims to help provide the skills necessary for the basis for a stable career.

Yes W H Y A M I N OT P R I O R I T Y? A N D B E T W E E N 18-24 Y E A R S O L D?

This is a program for transition-age, homeless/at-risk youth because they are in most need of social services. Transition Age youth are not considered homeless until they are on the street.44

Yes

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HIGHEST PRIORITY Transitioning individuals face unique barriers to employment, especially in Ohio. According to the 2011, “Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey,” transgender respondents “experienced unemployment at twice the rate of the general population,” 90% reported “experiencing harassment or mistreatment on the job or took actions to avoid it, and 26% reported “that they had lost a job due to being transgender or gender non-conforming.”46

Yes A R E Y O U C U R R E N T LY IN THE PROCESS OF T R A N S I T I O N I N G?

HIGH PRIORITY This population represents roughly 20-40% of the homeless youth population.45

Yes DO YOU IDENTIFY A S L E S B I A N, G AY, B I S E X U A L, T R A N S G E N D E R, Q U E E R/ Q U E S T I O N I N G?

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W H Y A M I N OT P R I O R I T Y?

LGBTQ homeless youth are prioritized because there are no LGBTQ-focused job training/ emergency housing services currently in Cincinnati.

Why Over-The-Rhine? POINTS OF INTEREST There are a few major nodes (places where paths cross) and landmarks (easily recognizable destinations) of Over-the-Rhine. Nodes include: Liberty/Vine intersection and Washington Square Park. Landmarks include: Music Hall and Findlay Market. OTR also has many established social services. Within a mile of the proposed site, there are community spaces, healthcare facilities, grocery stores, and greenspaces. Points of Interest locations from Google Maps.47

500 ft

Community Space Social Services

Landmark

Grocery/Food Healthcare

Node

Greenspace 32

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Site Criteria LOCATION

• Within appropriate zoning • Bus stop within a mile • Grocery store, pharmacy, and green space within a mile • Well-trafficked area for safety and accessibility to the public

BUILDING PROPERTIES

• Able to be used for mixed use • Large storefront • Multiple entrances for discretion and safety of tenants • Regular windows for residences • Recognizeable • Opportunities for outdoor space • Multiple floors to accomodate multiple programs • Appropriate structual spacing to allow for multiple programs

BUILDING CHARACTER

• Warm, historic charm • Express mixed-use intention • Celebrate the identity of OTR

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Site: 1801 Elm St - Globe Furniture OVERVIEW:

STRENGTHS:

From the outside, The Globe Furniture Building appears to be a combination of two buildings. The first building on the corner is four stories plus a basement. The second building, referred to as the Globe gallery, is two stories plus a basement and is joined to the first building on the 1st and 2nd floors. The architectural style of the buildings reflects the historic Italianate architecture of OTR. The structure of the four-storey portion is load-bearing masonry walls. The structure of the two-storey building is steel frame. Platte Architecture + Design, Peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Liberty, and The Mini Microcinema are the current tenants of this space.48

The site is adjacent to Findlay Market, it is close to public transit, a major destination for tourists and residents of Cincinnati. The building has a large storefront and an opportunity for a three-seasons room, the building is large enough for multiple programs, the building has a history in OTR and a landmark around the Findlay Market area, and building has a raised, outdoor space. The character is warm and inviting.

WEAKNESSES: The site does not have a green space adjacent, the hours of operation around building are typically 9-5, and the building is in a less developed neighborhood of OTR.

OPPORTUNITIES: The building is large enough to have a mix of programs and the character of the building provides the opportunity to design historical interior.

THREATS: Big businesses and expensive condos are being built further north, extending past Liberty Street, site may have competition with other retail spaces.

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Building Exterior

Clock Tower

Alley Behind Site 36

Side Approach

Side Entry to Staircase

Back Entry

Main Entrance BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

One major advantage to the Globe Furniture Building is that it has a prominent street presence. The building is set on a corner lot right next to Findlay Market. Many residents of OTR and tourists come to this destination on the weekends making it a desired location for the retail side of the program. However, this site may also attract unwanted attention from those who know LGBTQ young adults are staying at this building, potentially in refuge. One way that this site addresses safety is that it is in a highly trafficked area by being on the main roads and near a major tourist destination. BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

Another way The Globe Furniture Building addresses safety is that it has multiple entrances/exits. The first and main entrance is located along Elm Street and is connected to the storefront. It is a covered diagonal entry that gives an intrigue to the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s street presence. The building also has a side entrance that connects to the central stairwell and a back entrance that leads into the alleyway behind the building. By having multiple entrances and exits, residents would be able to have greater privacy by being able to move around without watch from the public eye.

Street View

Elm Street is Being Developed Radially from Findlay Market

Findlay Market

View from Findlay Market 38

Findlay Market Streetcar Stop

Globe Furniture Sign is Visible from a Distance BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

The Globe Furniture building is easily found and can be seen from a distance. This would help draw potential customers coming in from South OTR. Also, for homeless LGBTQ youth seeking out refuge, it is an BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

easily recognizeable landmark to relay to friends. The program would be able to connect homeless youth with other social services, such as Lighthouse Youth Services. 39

Interior View

Original Historic Character of Globe Furniture

Stairs in Globe Gallery up to Peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Liberty 40

New Stairwell

After Construction, 4th Floor

Storefront Space, 1st Floor

After Construction, 2nd Floor BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

In recent years, the original building has been refurbished. According to an article entitled, “Take a tour of People’s Liberty and OTR’s newest office space,” from bizjournals.com, City Studios Architecture was the architect for refurbishing the Globe Furniture Building. Currently, 3CDC owns the building and has helped with the development. People’s Liberty is the primary tenant taking up floors 2 & 3 and the gallery. Platte Architecture + Design is located on the 4th floor. The first floor is currently empty, however, the plan is for it to house a restaurant.49 More recently, according to “New movie theater pops up in OTR,” from Cincinnati. com, the connected Globe gallery is now hosting The BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

Mini Microcinema, a theater for experimental film. It was sponsored by People’s Liberty “Globe grant,” to activate the gallery space for at least 10 weeks.50 Since being redeveloped, some of the original architectural features remain. For example,the stairs that connect all the floors in the Globe Furniture Building have been refinished and painted white. The original “Globe” sign was refurnished by The American Sign Museum. Some of the original brick walls are exposed and the rafters from the original building have been repurposed to create the stairs in the gallery.51

Programming BASEMENT

FLOOR 1

FLOOR 2

1644 SF

910 SF

1644 SF

910 SF

1430 SF

840 SF

1430 SF

840 SF

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FLOOR 3

FLOOR 4 The first floor is divided between the three user types: customer, employee residents, and homeless youth. Retail and back of house spaces are located on the first floor. The second floor is only for residents and is divided between training facilities and communal living and dining areas. The third and fourth floors house the residents and the mentors. Blueprint 3D Print Cafe & Shop Resident Training Areas Homeless Reception Area Residence Common Areas Back of House Not in Scope of Project

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P R O C ES S

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Conceptual Design EARLY SPACE PLANNING

To better understand The Globe Furniture building in conjunction with the program, 1/8” scale cubes representing 10’ x 10’ were used to start planning out the specific spaces. Cubes representing 10’ x 6’ were used 46

to plan out the maximum number of resident rooms the facility could hold. The model helped to plan out the general program of Blueprint.

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FLOOR 1

FLOOR 2

Retail

Storage

Residence Rooms

Residence Common Areas

Mentor Apartment

Office Space

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FLOOR 3

FLOOR 4

Schematic Design FLOOR 1

The first floor is split into back of house/homeless reception and Blueprint 3D Print Cafe & Shop. The 3D printers would be on display behind the coffeeshop counter so that customers could watch their designs being printed. Seating groups are mixed with the retail displays throughout the plan. An 48

eclectic approach to the furniture was used to make the space feel cozy. The rentable computers and the 3D body scanner would be located near the facacde of the shop to draw in new customers. BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

FLOOR 2

The second floor is dedicated soley for the resident workers. The West half of the space is dedicated to training facilities. The Northern portion acts as a learning laboratory apartment to teach life skills such as laundry, cooking, and keeping a clean apartment. The Southern portion would be BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

the 3D printing classroom where residents would be taught the skills needed to 3D print designs, how to operate the 3D printers, and how to assist customers in design consultation and creating 3D models. The front half of the floor is for group dining, living, and outdoor space. 49

Schematic Design FLOOR 1: HOMELESS YOUNG ADULT CIRCULATION

During the schematic phase, four user groups were defined. The main user would be the Blueprint resident/employee. The other users include: the design student, the curious customer, and the homeless youth. The goal of the homeless youthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s circulation was to discretely get them connected to 50

Blueprint and other Cincinnati social services in the Safe and Supported Initiative Network. This is accomplished by using the retail facade as a mask program. Homeless young adults would be able to go towards the restrooms and be let into a secret reception area. BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

FLOOR 1: DESIGN STUDENT CIRCULATION

For the design student, Blueprint is a home away from DAAP. Design students have access to 3D model and material consultation and can watch as their designs are printed. The many seating groupings include a lounge area BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

and cafe style tables. Students can work on their model at the seating groups and then rent a computer to send their model to the 3D Printing queue.

Schematic Design FLOOR 2: RESIDENT CIRCULATION

The resident employee would start their day by coming down to the second communal floor. There, they will have the opportunity to eat in the communal dining area,

socialize in the communal living space or enjoy the morning on the patio.

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FLOOR 1: RESIDENT CIRCULATION

The resident employees would enter into Blueprint 3D Print Cafe & Shop through the back of house. Employees would have a production space where merchandise for the shop would be produced and/or assembled. The production space would also serve as the space where employees BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

would accept 3D models into the queue. 2-3 employees would be working in Blueprint 3D Print Cafe and Shop at a time. These employees would also be checking in with the customers using the rentable computers to see if they need assistance. 53

Schematic Design APPROACHING BLUEPRINT

From the street, passersby would be able to see into Blueprint and understand every part of the program. The body scanner is prominently set in the window to generate

more interest in the space. The 3D printers are also seen from the street, however one cannot see what is being printed.

BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

BLUEPRINT 3D PRINT CAFE & STORE

Inside Blueprint, the customer would see merchandise prominently framed by drop ceiling elements. One challenge of the shop was finding a way to display very small 3D printed objects in a way that brings them to eye BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

level. The design intent was to create a space that reused the natural materials of the existing space to create a warm and inviting interior.

Schematic Design DIGITAL “WRITING” WALL

Exploration into how the public would interact with the resident employees took form in a digital triangular board that stood at the front entrance. Customers could watch as the digital board “wrote out” the logo and customer reviews 56

with an armature modeled after a 3D printer. As more and more customer reviews would be written on the board, they would pierce through the floor plate and would display on the second story board. BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

CROSS SECTION: CASH WRAP

LONGITUDINAL SECTION: ENTRANCE AND BACK-OF-HOUSE

At the schematic phase, the cash wrap was pushed back in the space. One main criticism of the design was that it created a barrier between the customer and employee. If employees was supposed to be having interactions with the BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

customer, it seemed contradictory to the design to have them behind a counter 95% of the time. The longitudinal section depicts the front entrance of Blueprint. The digital board wall was very large in the space. 57

Schematic Design INSPIRATIONAL IMAGES

Top: 9 ¾ Bookstore + Café by PLASMA NODO Architects Bottom: Shapify 3D selfie booth by Artec

Top: 9 ¾ Bookstore + Café by PLASMA NODO Architects Bottom: Cube Shop and Cafe at EuroMold

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Top: 9 ¾ Bookstore + Café by PLASMA NODO Architects Bottom: Interior Design of stylist Peter Frank’s house

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Top: Alessa Jewellery Store by Taller KEN Bottom: Nixon Store by Checkland Kindleysides

Design Development CONCEPT: RE-INTEGRATING RESIDENTS

During the design development phase, Blueprint shifted to focus on creating more interactions between resident employee and customer. The diagram above was used to describe how Blueprint 3D Print Cafe and Shop would be the space to reintegrate residents into society. The dark 60

blue floors represent the most private areas of Blueprint or the resident floors. The second floor is lighter to represent the interractions between residents. The first floor in the back would be where residents would talk to managers and caseworkers and the front would be Blueprint. BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

FLOOR 1

Blueprint 3D Print Cafe and Shopâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s plan was developed to create more spaces that would encourage interaction between resident employees and customers. The rentable computer stations evolved into architectural pods that could accomodate 2-4 people. By making space for at least 2 BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

people, employees would be able to sit next to the customer to review their models. The 3D printer wall was moved to the front entrance. Passersby and customers would both be able to watch the 3D printing process. In the retail area, a table showcasing the employeesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; merchandise was added. 61

Design Development FLOOR 2: RESIDENT CIRCULATION

The resident employee would have the same circulation pattern on the second floor gravitating towards the front of the building for the social areas. The digital writing wall was

removed from the center of the plan to the facade of the building creating more space for socializing.

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FLOOR 1: RESIDENT CIRCULATION

On the first floor, the resident employee would interact with customers at the front, greeting them and asking if they need any help. Employees would also be assisting with

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material selection, object scanning, body scanning, and 3D modeling consultation in the design pods.

Design Development FLOOR 1: HOMELESS YOUTH CIRCULATION

The homeless youth circulation is the same path, however, they would have an interaction with an employee before

being received in the homeless reception area.

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ENTRANCE INTERACTION

The renderings in the design development phase were used to support the interaction sequences between the resident employees and users. The entrance rendering was used

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to describe the homeless youthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s path through the space showing that an employee would connect with them much earlier than in the schematic phase floorplan.

Design Development FLOOR 1: CUSTOMER CIRCULATION

The customer circulation was driven by what they would see from the facade. Much of the revenue in Blueprint would be

from passersby coming in and purchasing items from the shop or getting a 3D selfie.

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BODY SCANNER INTERACTION

The customer would first see the 3D selfie booth from the outside. Upon entering Blueprint, the architectural elements of the space would guide the customer around to first the cafe, then the store, and finally the selfie booth. BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

By creating a more direct path, the customer will come in contact with more employees and have more opportunities to generate revenue for Blueprint.

Design Development FLOOR 1: DESIGNER CIRCULATION

The design studentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s path is more contained in the design development plan. The material choices are much closer

to the computers and the 3D printers can be seen from the 2-person pods.

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MATERIAL DISPLAY AND STORE INTERACTION

Products would be displayed at eye level in a band that wraps around the retail space. Material spools for the 3D printers would be displayed in the cubbies on the left. Merchandise would be showcased in moveable shelves on the right. In BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

the back niche a table would display the employee of the week’s designs. The board above would have the collection’s title and name of the employee.

Design Development BODY SCANNER SECTION

The body scanner section was used to show the mechanics of the scanner as well as part of the branding in the space.

The grid display in front of the window would show off a variety of 3D printed selfie examples.

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POD SECTION

The longitudinal section explained how the spaces connected, starting with the barstool seating on the right to the more closed off pods and the retail in the back. The

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section also began to show the architectural language derived from the 3D printerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s curved form.

Design Development FRONT ELEVATION: BRANDING

The digital writing wall was relocated to two locations on the front facade. The clock tower board would be used to highlight the number of graduates from Blueprintâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s yearlong program. This counter would cause public intrigue and generate conversation around Blueprint. Placing this 72

board at the highest point on the facade implied that this was Blueprintâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s greatest achievement. The second board permeates the second storey facade, this time with the testimonials of the youth in the program. However, this would block some of the windows on the second floor. BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

MATERIAL BOARD

The palette was influenced by the question, “How do we brand a space dedicated to 3D printing?” Molded elements speak to the plastic and organic nature of 3D printing, while the thin line patterns in the lights and fabrics are a nod to BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

the material filament that is fed into the 3D printer. The raw, industrial finishes help brand Blueprint as part of the creative Maker’s Movement.

D ES I G N

BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

HOW MIGHT CINCINNATI OFFER A SPACE FOR HOMELESS/AT-RISK LGBTQ YOUNG ADULTS THAT IS AN IMPETUS TO GAIN STABILITY?

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Design Concept: Homeless to Stability SHELTER, SAFETY, & COMMUNITY

SKILL TRAINING

CUSTOMER ASSISTANCE

Created by Ainsley Wagoner from the Noun Project

Created by Nicholas Menghini from the Noun Project

OPEN OPPORTUNITIES

FACILITATE CONNECTIONS

Created by Rohith M S from the Noun Project

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Created by Anton HÃ¥kanson from the Noun Project

Solution

WELCOME TO BLUEPRINT: CINCINNATIâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S PREMIER 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP!

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Massing Created by Nicholas Menghini from the Noun Project

Created by Nicholas Menghini from the Noun Project

Blueprint: 3D Print Cafe & Shop

Created by Ainsley Wagoner from the Noun Project

Resident Employee Housing & Training Facilities

Created by Anton Håkanson from the Noun Project

Created by Rohith M S from the Noun Project

CONCEPT

Created by Ainsley Wagoner from the Noun Project

Created by Nicholas Menghini from the Noun Project

SHELTER, SAFETY, & COMMUNITY BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

SKILL TRAINING

CUSTOMER ASSISTANCE

Created by Rohith M S from the Noun Project

FACILITATE CONNECTIONS Created by Anton Håkanson from the Noun Project

OPEN OPPORTUNITIES 79

Users PRIMARY - RESIDENT EMPLOYEES

Stacey, Mark, and Joey are all Blueprint Resident Employees. They all enjoy helping customers with their own creations. Stacey loves to create merchandise for Blueprint Shop and hopes to eventually go to school for Industrial Design. Joey and Mark like the retail side of Blueprint and hope to eventually work in managerial positions in local OTR businesses. Blueprint has given them the opportunity to explore their individual goals and interests. Since their acceptance into Blueprint, they have received a case manager to discuss future career and education options, they will gain a variety of job skills by working in Blueprint 3D Print Cafe & Shop, and will make connections with many community members to open doors to future employment. 80

STUDENT

Tia is a DAAP Industrial Design major. Tia sometimes will 3D print her iterations and final projects. She is happy to hear that Blueprint will have 3D printing capabilities at a fraction of the cost she will pay at DAAP. Tia also likes the 3D modeling consultation she receives when printing at Blueprint 3D Print Cafe & Shop.

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HOMELESS

CUSTOMER

When Marcus came out to his parents as gay when he turned 18, he never expected to be kicked out. Marcus had no money and a high school education. Fortunately, a friend knew about Blueprintâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s involvment in the community. Marcus went to the facility and was received into the safe zone reception area by a Blueprint Resident Employee where he was told about Lighthouse Youth Services. From there, Marcus was driven to Sheakley Center, a homeless shelter for youth under care of Lighthouse Youth Services.

Max and his girlfriend Sam are a young couple in their late twenties. The couple frequents the Findlay Market area about twice a month. They enjoy exploring new and local businesses in their community. They also like businesses that support the community. The couple was excited to hear that Blueprint supports homeless youth find stability and gain empowerment through its 3D Print Cafe & Shop, so they decided to stop in to see what it was all about.

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Floorplans FLOOR 2 - PRIVATE RESIDENT COMMON FLOOR

Computer Training Center

Life Skills Training Apartment

Private Outdoor Patio

Residentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Shared Living, Dining, & Kitchen

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FLOOR 1 - BLUEPRINT 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

6 9

2 3

N 1

Safe Zone Reception Area

Employee Designed Merchandise

Back of House

Material Display & Object Scanner

3D Printer Display Wall

Private Conference Rooms

Cafe

3D Selfie Body Scanner

Laser Cutter

Group Design Pods

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Design Pods

Palette

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Cross Section

4 3

N 86

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Group Design Pods

3D Selfie Display Wall

Retail Wall

Design Pods

Bar Seating

3D Printer Wall

Main Entrance

Lounge Seating

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Longitudinal Section

N 88

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Material Selection Wall

Resident Employee Designed Merchandise

Retail Wall

3D Selfie Body Scanner

Bar Seating

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Design Pods

Retail Concept BOX DISPLAY WALL

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The 3D Printers used in Blueprint 3D Print Cafe & Shop have a printing bed of 6”x6”x6”. The retail wall is comprised of many interchangeable boxes that have the inside dimensions of 6”x6”x6” with the understanding that the majority of the merchandise will be smaller than this size. The shelf of the box will hold up the grey tone version of the product so as to showcase the designs in a uniform manner. When the shelf is lifted, the customer can see which color options are in stock. If the customer’s choice color is not in stock or if they want to watch the 3D printing process, it can be printed before their eyes at the 3D print wall.

BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

Resident Circulation - Typical Day FLOOR 2

Resident Employees would start their day by coming down to the private common floor. They can spend time in the living space with their peers before work or have a meal in the communal dining area. The furniture of this space is lightweight and easily moveable to accomodate many

different functions for the residents. The staircase and elevator would then take them down to the first floor where they would start their shifts at Blueprint 3D Print Cafe & Shop.

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FLOOR 1

Resident Employees enter into Blueprint 3D Print Cafe & Shop through the back of house space. This space would be used to produce and re-stock merchandise in the shop. Resident Employees would switch shifts throughout the

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day, working at the cafe, re-stocking the merchandise in the shop, helping customers with 3D modeling, taking 3D selfies, managing the 3D printer wall, and greeting customers at the front entrance.

Welcome to Blueprint! FLOOR 1

N 1

Joey starts his mornings off by working in the cafe. Skills gained: -Interpersonal Skills -Multi-Tasking -Barista Training Mark enjoys greeting customers and working the 3D Printers. Skills gained: -Effective Listening & Communication -Leadership & Problem Solving -Technology Support Stacey assists customers in 3D modeling a sketch. Skills gained: -3D modeling competency -Problem Solving & Communication -Design Thinking

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Blueprint Shop FLOOR 1

N 1

Stacey assists customer in picking material for their 3D print. Skills gained: -Effective Listening & Communication -Problem Solving -Design Thinking Joey sells one of Staceyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s creations on display. Skills gained: -Transaction Experience -Customer Relations -Marketing Skills Mark re-stocks retail wall with new products. Skills gained: -Planning -Design Production -Time Management

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3D Scanner & Group Pods FLOOR 1

N 1

Mark advises customer on 3D model. Skills gained: -3D Modeling -Effective Listening & Communication -Problem Solving Stacey takes a 3D selfie of a mother and her newborn. Skills gained: -Technology Support -Interpersonal Skills -Effective Communication

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2 1

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Exterior Elevation & Branding WHATâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S THE NUMBER?

100

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CLOCK TOWER

SIGNAGE

The original clock tower has been redesigned to house a digital writing board. This system will appear to “write” a number on a constant loop.

The original Globe Furniture sign has been repurposed and moved down to show the customer that the whole building is part of Blueprint.

The significance of the number will be the number of graduates from Blueprint’s yearlong program.

This also promotes conversation around what is happening on the other floors of Blueprint.

A number without apparent explanation would stir conversation around Blueprint, helping to market its good intentions in the community. The design of the armature was modeled after a 3D Printer’s x and y-axis moving armatures, allowing the system to write.

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LOGO Blueprint’s logo is displayed prominently along Elm Street.

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APPENDIX

102

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103

Interviews with Stakeholders MEREDITH HICKS

Planning and Policy Director at Lighthouse Youth Services

Meredith Hicks currently leads the Safe and Supported Initiative to End Homelessness for LGBTQ youth in CIncinnati. Insights gained from interviewing Meredith: • 15% of the homeless youth 18-24 self identify as LGBT. However, it is expected that percentage is actually much higher, closer to the national average of 40%. • One of the number one reasons for homelessness among LGBT youth is family rejection. • Lighthouse Youth Services is training formerly homeless youth to be part of the street outreach team, a group of trained staff members and volunteers that go out at all hours of the day to try to reach young people where they are. • Anybody can come in and use the space in Sheakley Center during the day. However, once one takes a bed, they have to be committed to making a change in their life and getting housing. Some people aren’t ready to do that, and that is okay.

104

• 10-17 year olds are considered homeless by the Department of Housing and Urban Development if they are couchsurfing. 18-24 year olds are only considered homeless once they are literally on the streets. • Sheakley Center has a maximum stay of 30 days. If someone stays for two months, it is seen as a negative thing because Lighthouse Youth Services is trying to serve as many people as possible to keep the turnover high. If one stays longer, outcomes go down and funding goes down. It is a challenge that makes LYS work smarter and harder. A transgender young person who is looking for a job may take longer than 30 days due to employment discrimination. • Transgender youth have many different needs from L,G, and B youth. LYS has strived to keep distinctions with sexual orientation and gender identity. There is commonality across experience, but there are still some unique needs. Transgender people can get left behind, especially transgender people of color. Think about the diversity within that community and its unique needs. • Ikea is furnishing a unit to serve as an independent life skills training center. It will serve as an interactive classroom space. • Many homeless youth have cell phones as it is seen as a necessity nowadays to have a means of contact.

BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

CHRIS*

Client at Sheakley Center

Chris was a client of Lighthouse Youth Services that lived at Sheakley Center. Before coming to Sheakley Center, Chris was in 17 foster homes, eight residential facilities, four group homes and spent nearly three years on the streets. Insights gained from interviewing Chris: • Chris spent 78 days at Sheakley Center. This was due to working on his case plan. He was waiting for housing opportunities to find him an apartment.

• One of Chris’ favorite spaces in Sheakley Center was the outdoor private patio area, located behind the center. • Chris’ ideal youth shelter would provide therapy, job opportunities, housing, a mentorship program, and a caseworker to help set and achieve goals. *Chris’ name has been changed to protect his privacy.

• His experience at Sheakley Center was challenging. He dealt with homophobic bullies frequently. When asked what would be a service he would have liked to have had, he wanted a hotline or someone he could talk to, more like a mentor. • Chris has been a victim of violence multiple times due to being gay.

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References 1 Final - 15 “Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Definitions,” HRC.org, accessed June 29, 2015, http://www.hrc.org/resources/entry/sexualorientation-and-gender-identity-terminology-and-definitions 2 Ibid. 3 Ibid. 4 Ibid. 5 Hicks, Meredith. “Lighthouse Youth Services and LGBT Youth Homelessness Experience.” Interview by author. June 10, 2015. 6 Gates, Gary J. “How Many People Are Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender?” The Williams Institute. April 1, 2011. Accessed July 22, 2015. http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/research/census-lgbt-demographicsstudies/how-many-people-are-lesbian-gay-bisexual-and-transgender/. 7 Durso, L.E., & Gates, G.J. (2012). Serving Our Youth: Findings from a National Survey of Service Providers Working with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth who are Homeless or At Risk of Becoming Homeless. Los Angeles: The Williams Institute with True Colors Fund and The Palette Fund. 8 Hicks, “Lighthouse Youth Services and LGBT Youth Homelessness Experience.” 9 Hicks, Meredith. “Working to End LGBTQ Youth Homelessness in Southwestern Ohio.” Human Rights Campaign. December 1, 2014. Accessed July 4, 2015. http://www.hrc.org/blog/entry/working-to-end-lgbtq-youthhomelessness-in-southwestern-ohio. 10 Hicks, “Lighthouse Youth Services and LGBT Youth Homelessness Experience.” 11 Choi, S.K., Wilson, B.D.M., Shelton, J., & Gates, G. (2015). Serving Our Youth 2015: The Needs and Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Youth Experiencing Homelessness. Los Angeles: The Williams Institute with True Colors Fund. 12 “LGBTQ Youth Homelessness In Focus.” United States Interagency Council on Homelessness. Accessed July 3, 2015. http://usich.gov/issue/lgbt_ youth/lgbtq_youth_homelessness_in_focus/. 13 Choi and others, “Serving Our Youth 2015: The Needs and Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Youth Experiencing Homelessness.” 14 Ibid. 15 “LGBTQ Youth Homelessness In Focus.” 16 Hicks, Meredith. “Working to End LGBTQ Youth Homelessness in Southwestern Ohio.” Human Rights Campaign. December 1, 2014. Accessed July 4, 2015. http://www.hrc.org/blog/entry/working-to-end-lgbtq-youthhomelessness-in-southwestern-ohio.

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17 “”SAFE & SUPPORTED” PLAN TO PREVENT LGBTQ YOUTH HOMELESSNESS IN OUR COMMUNITY.” Strategies to End Homelessness. September 30, 2014. Accessed July 6, 2015. https://www. strategiestoendhomelessness.org/news/safe-supported-plan-to-preventlgbtq-youth-homelessness-in-our-community/. 18 Choi and others, “Serving Our Youth 2015: The Needs and Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Youth Experiencing Homelessness.” 19 Ibid. 20 Ibid. 21 Hicks, “Lighthouse Youth Services and LGBT Youth Homelessness Experience.” 22 Ibid. 23 “HRC Ohio.” Human Rights Campaign. Accessed July 15, 2015. http://www.hrc.org/states/ohio. 24 Choi and others, “Serving Our Youth 2015: The Needs and Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Youth Experiencing Homelessness.” 25 Ibid. 26 Ibid. 27 Ibid. 28 “Overview.” Lighthouse Youth Services. Accessed July 4, 2015. http://www.lys.org/overview2.html. 29 Hicks, Meredith. “Lighthouse Youth Services and LGBT Youth Homelessness Experience.” Interview by author. June 10, 2015. 30 Ibid. 31 “Sheakley Center .” Lecture, Tour of Sheakley Center from Lighthouse Youth Services , Cincinnati , June 24, 2015. 32 Coolidge, S. (2015, March 7). Newest Cincinnati cops learning compassion first. Retrieved April 06, 2016, from http://www.cincinnati. com/story/news/2015/03/07/newest-cops-first-job-serve-homelessseniors/24508841/ 33 “Power Inspires Progress | Good Food for a Good Cause.” Power Inspires Progress. Accessed July 5, 2015. http://pip-cincy.com/. 34 Ibid. 35 “Larkin Street Academy - Employment - Larkin Street Youth.” Larkin Street Youth. Accessed July 12, 2015. http://larkinstreetyouth.org/ programs/education-employment/hire-up-employment/. 36 Ibid. 37 Ibid. 38 Ibid. 39 Ibid. BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

40 Columbus, L. (2015, March 31). 2015 Roundup Of 3D Printing Market Forecasts And Estimates. Retrieved April 06, 2016, from http://www.forbes. com/sites/louiscolumbus/2015/03/31/2015-roundup-of-3d-printing-marketforecasts-and-estimates/#48a8b6841dc6 41 Ibid. 42 Makers | Cafe. (n.d.). Retrieved April 06, 2016, from https:// makerscafe.com/ 43 Ibid. 44 Hicks, Meredith. “Lighthouse Youth Services and LGBT Youth Homelessness Experience.” Interview by author. June 10, 2015. 45 Durso, L.E., & Gates, G.J. (2012). Serving Our Youth: Findings from a National Survey of Service Providers Working with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth who are Homeless or At Risk of Becoming Homeless. Los Angeles: The Williams Institute with True Colors Fund and The Palette Fund. 46 Grant, Jaime M., Lisa A. Mottet, Justin Tanis, Jack Harrison, Jody L. Herman, and Mara Keisling. Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey. Washington: National Center for Transgender Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, 2011. 47 “Over-the-Rhine.” Google Maps. Accessed July 20, 2015. https://www.google.com/maps/place/Over-The-Rhine, Cincinnati, OH/@39.1151112,-84.5183459,16z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x88 41b3f93c470c51:0x3c5f36f7cdfaefac?hl=en. 48 Caproni, Erin. “Take a Tour of OTR’s Newest Office Space.” Cincinnati Business Courier. April 9, 2015. Accessed July 20, 2015. http://www.bizjournals. com/cincinnati/blog/2015/03/take-a-tour-of-peoples-liberty-and-otr-s-newest. html. 49 Ibid. 50 Motsinger, Carol. “New Movie Theater Pops up in OTR.” Cincinnati. com. July 6, 2015. Accessed July 20, 2015. http://www.cincinnati.com/story/ entertainment/movies/2015/07/06/new-movie-theater-pops-otr/29788141/. 51 Caproni, “Take a Tour of OTR’s Newest Office Space.”

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http://cdn2-b.examiner.com/sites/default/files/styles/image_content_width/ hash/d7/af/d7af4085649811e9cb3bd84c09db5097.jpg?itok=QByb9TW2 https://www.google.com/maps/@39.126623,84.500951,3a,75y,142.66h,84.65t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sfkezpj9B1tkSGb1HxEa kuw!2e0!7i13312!8i6656!6m1!1e1?hl=en p15 http://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/2015/03/07/newest-cops-first-job-servehomeless-seniors/24508841/ p16 Photo by Author http://adventuremomblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/IMG_9165700x525.jpg http://clarkstreetblog.blogspot.com/2010/02/venice-on-vine-is-your-cheddar. html http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-09OHleUo26w/UfAl6eYoYoI/AAAAAAAAIF0/DyWUVi8J-78/s640/IMG_6123.JPG Photo by Author p17 Photo by Community Design Center p18 http://vignette3.wikia.nocookie.net/sfhomeless/images/5/56/Lark_inn.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20090528205833 http://larkinstreetyouth.org/programs/education-employment/hire-up-employment/ http://larkinstreetyouth.org/programs/education-employment/hire-up-employment/ http://www.uncubemagazine.com/blog/15891605 p19 http://larkinstreetyouth.org/programs-2/education-employment/ p20 http://www.forbes.com/sites/louiscolumbus/2015/03/31/2015-roundup-of-3dprinting-market-forecasts-and-estimates/#2a9b26451dc6 p21 Diagram by Author “Online Support” by Gregor Cresnar “Workstation” by Creative Stall “3D” by Jamison Wieser “Process” by Marek Polakovic p22 http://oomediahaiti.com/business/index.php/news/3d-printing/18510-makerscafe-is-going-global-with-3d-printing-franchise-program http://www.todoimpresoras3d.net/makers-cafe-un-servicio-que-incluye-unaimpresion-en-3d/ BLUEPRINT: 3D PRINT CAFE & SHOP

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p38 https://www.flickr.com/photos/53177138@N04/sets/72157646056132285 http://www.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/blog/2015/03/take-a-tour-of-peoplesliberty-and-otr-s-newest.html https://www.flickr.com/photos/53177138@N04/sets/72157646056132285 http://www.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/blog/2015/03/take-a-tour-of-peoplesliberty-and-otr-s-newest.html https://www.flickr.com/photos/53177138@N04/sets/72157646056132285 https://www.flickr.com/photos/53177138@N04/sets/72157646056132285 p39 https://www.flickr.com/photos/53177138@N04/sets/72157646056132285 p40 Diagram by Author p41 Diagram by Author p44 Image by Author Image by Author p45 Image by Author p46 Image by Author p47 Image by Author p48 Image by Author http://www.citypages.com/news/homeless-youth-don-turner-chases-down-thiefin-downtown-minneapolis-7737167 p49 Image by Author http://wesharepics.info/imagehgkl-hipster-girl-outfits-fall.asp p50 Image by Author http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/left-behind-lgbt-homeless-youthstruggle-survive-streets-n157506?utm_source=Copy+of+Homelessness+in+t he+News+7.22-7.28.14&utm_campaign=Homelessness+in+the+News+7.298.4.14&utm_medium=archive p51 Image by Author http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/left-behind-lgbt-homeless-youthstruggle-survive-streets-n157506?utm_source=Copy+of+Homelessness+in+t he+News+7.22-7.28.14&utm_campaign=Homelessness+in+the+News+7.29-

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