Earth Artifact - Project Booklet

Earth ARTIFACT MATTHEW JONES

Contents Moodboard Mind map Communicating with the Aliens (different formats) The Original Artifacts Earth Videos Icons, Signs & Symbols Hieroglyphics Making the Link Alchemy The Four Elements Jack Hagley Susan Kare Elemental Icons Bibliography

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The Original Artifacts In 1977 the two Voyager spacecrafts were sent up into space, each carrying a golden phonograph record (the peak of technology at the time) containing sounds and images selected to portray the diversity of life and culture on Earth, with the intention to communicate with any intelligent extraterrestrial life form who may find them.

The brief we have been given is to create a modern, contemporary version of the golden record to represent and portray life on earth as it is now, and our planet as a whole. We should aim to relate our project and final piece we produce back to the original artifacts, which is why I have chosen to break down exactly what was on those two precious golden disks.

The image above (left) shows the actual golden record from the voyager craft. Inscribed in the grooves of the surface are ‘the Sounds of Earth’. These include recordings of surf, wind, thunder, animals, the heart beat of a woman in love, music by Beethoven, Mozart, Chuck Berry and more, and greetings in 55 different languages, both ancient and modern.

Above to the right is a photograph of the etchings on the cover of the golden record. There are 116 images in total on the golden record, including a diagram of our solar system, anatomy of the male & female human body, instructions on how to use the record a violin and sheet of music, planet earth, and various examples of the technologies at the time

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The image above is the diagram provided by NASA, explaining the complicated etchings on the cover of the Voyager Golden Disk. Without the accompanying captions, the diagrams are very complicated and technical and may be indecipherable to extra-terrestrial beings. Therefore I will approach my project with the hope of creating a much less complicated representation of our planet.

I think the best way to do this would be through the medium of video as this will allow me to portray emotion, feeling, and culture whilst also showcasing the best that the world has to offer and all the contents of our planet.

Another idea that I’ve had is to create a set of icons representing every aspect of earth and its inhabitants, then compile them into a book or other form of physical media that could be actually sent into space.

This would be much more time-effective and possibly more visually appealing, without too much detail overshadowing the most basic principals and messages of the icons.

I could incorporate clips representing some of the most important moments in history, emotion, feeling, culture, animals, plants, science, nature, evolution and the human race.

They would not only look good but would work well as a graphic design project, allowing me to partake in illustration and vector design, neither of which I have really gone into depth with before.

I can also incorporate some audio content to match the videos, staying true to the original content of the Voyager Golden Disks.

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Earth Videos iPad Air Advert - Your Verse This simple concept for an advert by Apple has gained over 1.2 Million hits on YouTube as of 04/02/14, and it’s easy to see why. The advert shows a montage of spectacular imagery and video clips that represent the natural wonders that our planet has to offer at present, ranging from beautiful waterfalls to deep-sea shots, and everything in between.

The advert can be viewed at http://youtu.be/jiyIcz7wUH0

BBC Planet Earth In 2008, BBC launched this new series of nature documentaries narrated by Sir David Attenborough. It won at least 15 awards in a number of different areas, and if you watch any of the programs, it is easy to see why.

The whole series was filled with fantastic imagery, exploring every corner of the planet; searing deserts, Arctic wilderness, rolling countryside and even underground.

The advert can be viewed at http://youtu.be/Jdsmh6gBB9Q

Guinness Advert - Evolution Although this may seem like an odd choice at first, this humorous advert by Guinness shows the evolution of mankind from their point of view, going in reverse from modern day humans to prehistoric simple creatures. This is one of the most contemporary, up to date interpretations of human evolution and although it might not be entirely accurate, it gives a brief idea of the types of graphics and videos I might want to include in my video.

The advert can be viewed at http://youtu.be/1t4sdgvy-pk

Birth of the Earth The final video on my list is called Birth of the Earth, and as the title suggests it spends 44 minutes bombarding you with amazing visuals and accompanying facts that explain and break down the evolution of our planet and how it came to be the way it is today. Included in this documentary are a multitude of incredible visuals, all of which would fit perfectly in my Earth Artifact video.

The advert can be viewed at http://youtu.be/B_ZzTmzN-D0

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There have been hundreds of videos produced throughout the history of Earth, that showcase the splendour of our planet and what it has to offer. Here, I look at a number of case studies that I see as good examples of what I could possibly include in my video.

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Icons, Signs & Symbols

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As well as a moving image design, I also had the idea to produce a set of images or photographs representing every aspect of our planet and us as a dominant species. These could range from a scientific focus, to representation of emotion, culture, love, spirituality, life and belief. Here, I have broken down some of the basic elements of the icons such as colours, styles and content as well as some pre-existing examples that may inspire me, should I choose to go ahead with this approach to the brief.

Ancient Symbolism Symbols have long been a universally understandable alternative for spoken or written language, probably most prominently in ancient Egypt, in the form of hieroglyphics. These etchings were carved into stones, tombs, and other hard surfaces, or drawn onto papyrus as a very early form of communication. The symbols alone can either mean individual letters, or sometimes whole words or phrases.

My project could be seen as a form of modern day hieroglyphic message, as I could break down everything I want to include in my artifact into a number of meaningful icons, representations of the fundamental elements that make up plants, animals, and our planet as a whole.

If I were to go ahead with this idea, I would have to establish some form of hierarchy or structure though with to arrange my icons so they told a story, portrayed a message or recorded information. Since the ancient hieroglyphs feature no actual words or lettering, mine wouldn’t do either, hence making them instantly understandable throughout the universe no matter what spoken or written language you actually use.

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Styles Flat This simple, clean look is now widely seen on mobile smartphones and tablets as part of all the major operating systems (iOS7, Android 4.4 and Windows Phone 8). The scheme combines colours of a similar saturation and vibrancy so the pallet can be adapted to use a wide range of hues whilst still looking cohesive and tidy. The icon detail its self is often made up of either black or more commonly white, with simple block shapes and/or text.

Shadow This style is similar to the flat concept at the top of this page, except a strong shadow is added in one direction leading all the way to the border of the icons. This particular style is popular amongst modern designers who create icons for mobile phone interfaces and minimal desktop operating systems. These icons are usually available with very few colours in squares or circles, and white detail in the middle.

Minimal Minimal design is the most simple and basic of all these styles. The icons are usually only made up of one or two colours, usually to fit in with the house style or corporate identity of a brand. The outer shape is usually kept as simple as possible, housing the simple inner design in either a square, rectangle, or circle. This style of icon would be easiest to design, however it is hard to make them very detailed and keep the minimal look.

3D / Realistic 3D icons are not seen very much in modern design, although a couple of years ago they were all the rage. Some older Mac and Windows operating systems still boast the shiny, shaded, 3D icons but often look outdated when compared with minimal flat UIs of operating systems such as Windows 8, and all major smartphone systems.

However, this is the easiest style of icon to fill with as much detail as possible therefore making them more easily understandable in some instances. However, their complexity may also be their downfall as it would take too long for me to design a whole bunch of these icons to use in my work.

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Hieroglyphics One of the earliest recorded methods of intelligent communication was in ancient Egypt in the form of Hieroglyphs.

These markings and symbols were found all over artifacts from the time, painted or etched on the outside of ornaments, tombs, sarcophaguses, walls and buildings to tell the story of the people from that time and ever major event that happened during their existence. This included the coronation of kings and queens, new discoveries in science and technology, and documentation of nature and the world around them. Strangely, there has never been any record from the time of how or why the ancient pyramids were built This has lead some to believe that they were constructed by, or with the help of, extra terrestrial life forms - another link back to the original brief for this project.

This short paragraph of hieroglyphic symbolism is an extract from the Tulli Papyrus, seeming in its modern translation to explain the coming of extra terrestrial life to visit the ancient Egyptians. There were over 2000 symbols and pictures in the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic alphabet, an incredible number in comparison to our current 24 letters we use to spell out every word in our language. My modern set of symbols wouldn’t have anywhere near this many elements, but would instead focus on only the most basic, fundamental understanding of our planet and how we live our lives.

Various examples of Egyptian hieroglyphics , both original and modern interpretations. They were usually recorded in vertical columns.

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Making the Link When presenting my icons they must all link together in some way to show the relationship between everything on earth.

They must become more than simply a collection of meaningless symbols. Below I have broken down and compared a number of different approaches I could take towards linking the icons to each other, some working better than others.

Roadmap / Mindmap This is one of the most common ways of linking together graphic information in an organised, structured way. There are a number of different approaches that can be taken, the most popular of which is in the style of the image above. A central idea in the middle (this would be ‘Planet Earth’ or something similar) with thick branches spreading outwards, getting thinner with the more detail that is added.

Tree Diagram My second option would be to create a tree diagram. Tree diagrams are usually implemented in a mathematical situation to calculate probability. This concept consists of a focal point at the top or left of the diagram, with branches growing outwards like the branches of a tree. As the diagram grows, it multiplies in complexity and can become very detailed and interesting. They are usually text based, but it would be easy to alter this to my needs.

Infographic Infographics are brilliant pieces of design, clashing raw facts, figures and data head on with beautiful design and formatting. They present pure information in a way that is visually intriguing, and usually relates directly to their subject matter. I really like this idea, but infographics usually contain textual content or data. I would have to eliminate any written information as I must assume that aliens cannot understand the English language.

Interactive Whilst researching my ideas for this project, I came across an Android game called Alchemy. In this game you must combine elements, starting with the very basics, to eventually create a plethora of substances and objects ranging from simple water to the much more complex plants, animals, machinery and technology. This is the kind of thing I want to achieve, representing nearly everything on earth through relationships starting with the most basic of elements.

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Alchemy Alchemy is a game for Android mobile phones, launched on 26th October 2012 by Andrey Zaikin. It is free to download and play and to date has been downloaded over 10,000,000 times. It has gained more than 180,000 5-star reviews on the Google Play store, with users saying it is “awesome”and “clever with a sense of humour”.

The whole aim of the game is to start with four basic elements (earth, air, fire & water) and work your way through to creating and discovering the 380+ other products available. These include life, beer, humans, and even vampires, zombies and many more combinations. Users can suggest new elements to be added if they feel the game is missing something, which the developer may then include into the next update. There are also some numerous results thrown in there, for example; “chicken” + “egg” = “dilemma”.

The reason why I have chosen to look into this game is because the key principal and concept behind it is exactly the same as my project; starting with very few basic elements and working down into the complexity of the whole planet. I wouldn’t be able to create the 380+ elements that are available in Alchemy, but the more basic products should be no problem to represent.

I think the best way to represent my idea in this way would be with four tree diagrams, working my way down from four separate starting points.

The complete list of available elements as of January 2014 A’s (15) Airplane = metal + bird Albert Einstein* = scientist + energy Alcohol = fire + water Alcoholic = man + alcohol Algae = life + water Alien = star + life Aluminium = airplane + metal Ambulance* = hospital + car Arable = earth + tool Arms = metal + tool Ash = fire + tree Ashtray* = ash + glass Assassin = man + poisoned weapons Australia = kangaroo + country Avian Flu* = flu + bird B’s (30) Baby = man + sex Bacon* = fire + pig Bacteria = life + swamp Bar* = brick house + beer Barbecue = fire + meat Bat = bird + vampire Batman* = man + bat Beach = water + sand Bear = beast + forest Beast = earth + lizard Beaver = dam + beast Bee = flower + beetle Beer = alcohol + wheat Beetle = earth + worm Beetroot = sugar + seed Belarus = tractor + country Berry = grass + fruit Bicycle = wheel + wheel Bird = air + egg Bitumen = kerogen + pressure Blood = beast + hunter Boat = water + wood Boiler = metal + steam Book = feather + paper Borscht = beetroot + fire Bow* = robin hood + arms Bread= dough + fire Brick= clay + fire Brick House= brick + concrete Butterfly= air + worm C’s (40) Cactus= desert + tree Camel* = desert + beast (thanks to theD) Cancer = man + tobacco Car = cart + combustion engine

Caramel* = sugar + fire Carbon Dioxide = oxygen + man Carmine = cochineal + fire Cart = wheel + wood Cat = mouse + hunter CatDog* = cat + dog Caviar = fish + fish Cement = clay + limestone Cemetery* = grave + grave Ceramics = clay + man Champagne = wine + soda water Chariot = warrior + cart Cheese = quark(cheese) + fire Chicken = egg + life China = dragon + country Chocolate = cocoa + sugar Christmas Tree = tree + lightbulb Cigarettes = paper + tobacco City = skyscraper + skyscraper Clay = sand + swamp Clock = hourglass + electricity Cloth = tool + wool Clothing = cloth + man Cloud = air + steam Coal = fire + tree Coca-Cola = soda water + carmine Cochineal = cactus + beetle Cocoa = seed + mexico Coffin = corpse + wood Coin = silver + pressure Combustion Engine = steam engine + gasoline Concrete = cement + water Continent = country + country Corpse= fire + man Country = city + city Crop Circles* = ufo + arable

Ectoplasm = ghost + energy Egg = life + stone Egypt = cat + country Electric eel* = snake + electricity Electric ray* = fish + electricity Electricity = energy + metal Elephant = whale + earth Energy = air + fire Ent = tree + life Explosion* = gasoline + fire F’s (24) Faberg Egg = egg + diamond Farmer = man + seed Fat = man + pig Feather = bird + hunter Fern = moss + swamp Finland = sauna + country Fire Elemental = fire + life Firearms = arms + gunpowder Firefighter* = hero + fire Firefly* = light + beetle Fish = bacteria + plankton Fisherman* = hunter + fish Flour = stone + wheat Flower = water + seed Flu = air + bacteria Fondue = cheese + fire Forest = grove + grove Fossil = dinosaur + earth France = champagne + country Frankenstein* = corpse + electricity Fried Chicken = chicken + fire Frog = lizard + swamp Fruit = tree + farmer Fugu* = fish + poison

D’s (12) Dam = brick + water Desert = sand + sand Diamond = uncut diamond + tool Diet = man + yogurt Dilemma = chicken + egg Dinosaur = earth + egg Doctor = hospital + scientist Dog = wolf + man Dough = flour + water Dr. Zoidberg* = doctor + lobster Dragon = fire + flying dinosaur (pterodactyl) Dust = air + earth

G’s (14) Gasoline = petroleum + pressure Genie* = lamp + ghost Germany* = vw beetle + country Geyser = steam + earth Ghost = ash + life Ghostbusters* = hunter + ghost Glass = fire + sand Gold = philosopher’s stone + silver Golem = clay + life Grape = earth + wood Grass = earth + moss Grave = earth + corpse Grove = tree + tree Gunpowder = dust + fire

E’s (11) E-book* = microchip + book

H’s (10) Hen Coop = chicken + hut

Hero = dragon + warrior Honey = bee + tree Hospital = brick house + sick Hot Chocolate* = chocolate + fire Hourglass = glass + sand House M.D.* = man + vicodin Hunter = arms + man Hut = man + stone Hydrogen = water + electricity

M’s (27) Man = beast + life Manure = grass + livestock Mario = 1UP + man McDonald’s = Coca-Cola + sandwich Meat = beast + hunter Mentos = coca-cola + geyser Mermaid* = woman + fish Metal = fire + stone Metal Golem = life + metal Mexico = tequila + country Microchip = transistor + transistor Milk = livestock + man Mirror = aluminium + glass Mite* = life + dust Mold = mushroom + mud Molotov Cocktail* = fire + alcohol Money = coin + paper Moon = cheese + sky (fixed from star + mirror) Moss = swamp + algae Motorboat* = boat + combustion engine Motorcycle* = bicycle + combustion engine Mouse = cheese + beast Mud = dust + water Mummy = paper + zombie Museum = brick house + fossil Mushroom = earth + algae Music* = sound + idea

I’s (7) Ice = water + glass Iceland* = volcano + country Idea = man + light bulb India = kama sutra + country Iodine = algae + fire Island = sea + volcano Italy = venice + country J’s (3) Japan* = sushi + country Jedi = warrior + lightsaber Juice* = berry + pressure K’s (5) Kama Sutra = book + sex Kangaroo = frog + 1UP Kerogen = fossil + pressure Kilt = scotland + clothing Knife = meat + tool L’s (21) Lamp = fire + glass Lance Armstrong* = bicycle + cancer Lava = earth + fire Lava Golem = lava + life Lava Lamp*= lava + lamp Lawn Mower = scissors + combustion engine Leech* = blood + worm Library = book + book Lichen* = mushroom + algae Life = energy + swamp Light = electricity + light bulb Light bulb = electricity + glass Lighthouse* = skyscraper + light Lightning Rod = thunderstorm + metal Lightsaber = arms + light Lime = fire + limestone Limestone = shells + stone Livestock = beast + man Lizard = snake + worm Lobster = scorpion + water Locomotive*= cart + steam engine

O’s (6) Obesity= man + mcdonald’s Old Man = man + time Omelette* = egg + fire Oxygen = water + electricity Oxyhydrogen = oxygen + hydrogen Ozone = oxygen + electricity P’s (25) Panda = tree + beast Paper = reed + tool Pearl* = sand + shells Peat = swamp + tree Penguin* = bird + ice Penicillin = mold + scientist Perfume = alcohol + flower Petri Dish* = glass + bacteria Petroleum = bitumen + pressure Philosopher’s Stone = philosophy + stone Philosophy = dilemma + scientist Phoenix* = bird + fire

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Pig = livestock + mud Piggy Bank* = ceramics + coin Pillow* = feather + cloth Pinocchio* = wood + life Pizza = cheese + dough Planet* = continent + continent Plankton = bacteria + water Plesiosauria = dinosaur + water Poison = mushroom + tool Poisoned Weapons = arms + poison Pressure = earth + earth Prisoner* = assassin + time Pterodactyl = dinosaur + air Q’s (2) Quark = soured milk + fire Quetzalcoatl = snake + bird R’s (9) R2-D2* = star wars + robot Rainbow* = light + storm Reed = grass + swamp Robin Hood = forest + hero Robot = metal golem + electicity Romania* = transylvania + country Ruby* = aluminium + oxygen Russia* = vodka + country Rust*= water + metal S’s (61) Sailboat = boat + cloth Sailing ship = cloth + wooden ship Sailor* = boat + man Salamander* = fire + lizard Salo = man + pig Salt* = sea + fire Saltpeter = limestone + manure Sand = stone + water Sandstorm* = storm + sand Sandwich = meat + bread Santa Claus* = old man + Christmas tree Saudi Arabia* = petroleum + country Sauna = steam + hut Scarab = beetle + manure Scientist = library + man Scissors = knife + knife Scorpion = beetle + sand Scotch whiskey = alcohol + peat Scotland = scotch whisky + country Sea = water + water Seed = life + sand Sex = man + man Sex and the City* = sex + city Shells = plankton + stone

Sick = man + flu Silicon = pressured + sand Silk = china + cloth Silver = moon + metal Sith = jedi + assassin Sky = air + cloud Skyscraper = brick house + glass Smoke = fire + tobacco Snail* = shells + worm Snake = swamp + worm Sniper* = assassin + firearms Soap* = ash + fat Soda water = carbon dioxide + water Soldier = firearms + man Sound = metal + wind Soured milk = milk + yogurt Spinning wheel = wheel + wool Stake = wood + knife Star = sun + scientist Star Wars = sith + jedi Statue = stone + tool Statue of Liberty = USA + statue Steam = air + water Steam-engine = boiler + coal Steamer* = steam-engine + wooden ship Stone = air + lava Storm = air + energy Sugar = lime + reed Sulfur = bacteria + swamp Sun = sky + chariot Sunflower* = sun + flower Sushi = fish + algae Swamp = earth + water Sweater* = yarn + tool Swine flu = pig + flu Swiss Army Knife = knife + tool Switzerland = country + fondue T’s (18) Team* = beast + cart Tequila = alcohol + worm The Beatles = beetle + beetle Thunderbird* = bird + storm Thunderstorm = storm + electricity Time = life + hourglass Toast* = fire + bread Tobacco = fire + grass Tool = man + metal Totoro = forest + ghost Tractor = lawn mower + arable Transformers* = car + life Transistor = silicon + electricity Transylvania = vampire + country

Tree = earth + seed Turtle = egg + sand Twilight saga* = vampire werewolf Typhoon* = storm + water

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U’s (6) UFO = alien + airplane Ukraine* = salo + country Uncut diamond = coal + pressure Undead* = zombie + corpse United Kingdom* = the beatles + country USA = coca-cola + country V’s (8) Vampire= blood + man Venice = city + water Vicodin = sick + doctor Vinegar* = alcohol + oxygen Vodka = alcohol + water Volcano = lava + pressure Vulture* = corpse + bird VW beetle = car + beetle W’s (15) Warrior = arms + hunter Weevil* = flour + beetle Werewolf = beast + vampire Whale = beast + water Wheat = arable + seed Wheel = tool + wood Whey = soured milk + fire Wind = air + air Wine = grape + alcohol Wolf = moon + beast Woman = baby + time Wood = tool + tree Wooden ship = boat + wood Wool = beast + hunter Worm = earth + plankton Y’s (4) Yarn = spinning wheel + wool Yoda = jedi + swamp Yogurt = bacteria + milk Yoshi = 1up + egg Z’s (2) Zombie = fossil + life Zoo* = beast + museum

From newsandguides.com

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Elements

In ancient times it was believed that everything on earth was a product of one of the four elements that made up the baic foundations of our planet. These were earth, air, fire and water. The game Alchemy reignites this theory, showing that to a certain extent it is possible to create a large amount of the world around us simply through a combination of these four elements in one way or another. In modern-day Paganism, there is a good deal of focus on the four elements, and a few traditions of Wicca also include a fifth element, which is Spirit or Self.

In my Earth Artifact, I will create four tree diagrams showing the process of creating the world around us (or at least the basic foundations) from the four elements at the root, much like in the Alchemy game.

This seventeenth century diagram below shows representations of the “four classical elements” in the corners of the image, with the tria prima on the central triangle. The four elements are represented as follows: Earth - bottom left. Lion and dragon resting on rocks or grassland.

Man sitting on one of the lion with the sun behind his head. This may represent the importance of sunlight to the land and all that grows on it.

Fire - top left. Torch being held by the central figure appears to light the sky on fire, another animal in the sky (possibly a lion or mythological big cat) surrounded by flames. The lion may represent the ferocity of fire.

Air - top right. Empty space with a single bird flying in the sky. Maybe they didn’t understand that much about‘air’ at the time of this diagram.

Water - bottom right. The water crosses over into‘earth’ section, representing how the planet is more covered by water than it is by land.

There is a female figure seen to be riding some sort of mythological sea creature with reins. Could represent how humans have a challenge to tame the sea, comparing it to a sort of wild animal or beast.

Finally, I found a selection of pre-existing icons that represent the four elements. These vary in size and styling, but I have taken into consideration the research I did earlier in the project and will create my own interpretations of each one, inspired by these examples.

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Jack Hagley Jack Hagley is a London-based graphic designer who specialises in infographic design and data visualisation. He takes a very modern approach to data visualisation, using bold colour and vector graphics throughout his designs, which range from a timeline of events from Doctor Who, to representation of car reviews and comparisons between various makes and models of vehicle.

He has also created an infographic to represent himself, which he calls his ‘infographic CV’. I thought this linked quite nicely into the other project I’m doing at the minute based around personal manifestos and mission statements.

One of Jack’s works that particularly caught my attention is entitled ‘The World in 100 People’(right). It is almost an exact fit to the Earth Artifact brief we have been given, attempting to summarise and present a representation of the entire population of our planet, all in one simple, easy to understand infographic. The piece touches on subjects such as world poverty and the struggle for power, as well as showing the relationships between different backgrounds of people from all over the world; in areas where we may take modern day essentials for granted such as shelter, food and water, this infographic clearly shows us that there are still a large percentage of people in the world that do not have shelter, regular food or clean water.

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Susan Kare Susan Kare is well known in the world of icon design, as she was the lead designer behind the original icons used in some of the first Apple Mac operating systems in 1984. Since then, she has gone on to design icons for other huge clients such as Facebook, Microsoft, WeatherBug and PayPal. She states that ‘good icons should be more like road signs than illustrations, easily comprehensible, and not cluttered with extraneous detail.’ I took this advice on board when going on to design my set of icons for my Earth Artifact posters.

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Elemental Icons

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The next stage in my process was to create the four heading icons for my four pieces of artwork. To do this, I went into Adobe Illustrator and began crafting the images from vector shapes. I decided to keep them as minimal as possible, following a simple flat theme, with the thought that the meaning of the icons and what they represent must be clear and unmistakeable, whilst also being aesthetically pleasing. These are the four icons that I came up with.

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Bibliography Wikipedia National Geographic NASA BBC Capital FM Dreamstime Google Play Store 123 Free Vectors Obelisk Seven Visit London Discovering Egypt AtlantisQuest.com Ancient-Egypt.org Maths is Fun News and Guides CNN Cash Studios YouTube Sound and Motion chomikuj.pl geek.digesttouch.com B&H Air Conditioning Blogger jackhagley.com kare.com

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