Matt Kreutzer_Arch 410 by Matt Kreutzer

STUDIO POCHE: Making the Matter of Architecture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Fall Semester 2012 Matt Kreutzer Assistant Professor Brian M. Kelly

TABLE OF CONTENTS

project

page

SYNERGY POD (duration 3 weeks)

PRECEDENT (duration 3 weeks)

FABLAB (duration 8 weeks)

SYNERGY POD

This project focused on the design of a small pod that could serve as disaster relief shelters, for sporting events, festivals, and other short term events. In such a small space, the space for standard system components comes at a premium. As such, the design of this pod had a large focus on system integration and minimizing the space required for those systems. My proposal focused on using the idea of folding triangles to not only create structure, but also to contain different systems within the folds of those triangles. This led to an investigation into different patterns and ways to subdivide those patterns.

research: rainwater rainwater harvesting research rainwater harvesting

Filter

Collection Tank

The diagram is an example of how raunwater could be used in the house.

Using rain water is an effective way to save water for the earth. United States of America, itself, is currently 63% drought. By collecting rainwater will help people to use in wise way. Rainwater falling on the roof flows along down to the pipes into the tank, which is a filter, removing unwanted things from the rainwater. After the cleaning is done, the water will be send to the collection tank.

Shower Toilet

Toilet - 26.7% Clothes Washer - 21.7%

Faucet

Shower - 16.8% Faucet - 15.7%

Leaks

Leaks - 13.7% Other - 5.3%

Clothes Washer

People uses the water more than they think. The chart show how much the water are used. Flushing toilet uses more water compared to other things. Instead of wasting a clean water, people could uses rainwater to help and use water wisely to avoid the water shortage in the future.

SYNERGY POD

Other

005

research Heating and Cooling Research: passive Approach Passive heating and cooling Sources of heat Gain

Low Cost Strategies

1. Occupant

1. High Albedo

2. Refrigerator

2. Overhang

3. LCD Monitor

3. Operable Windows

Product that stores and releases thermal energy during the process of freezing and thawing. PCM solutions are encapsulated in sealed containers that have developed standards as well as cusom-made capabilities.

4. Solar Gains

4. Breathable Roof

2. Super insulation Aerogel

5. Heat Transfer

5. High Mass Floor

6. Infiltration

6. High Ceiling

Aerogel insulation is 99% air, breathable, incredibly strong, and doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t absorb moisture. Although the largest market for the material is still in industry, Aerogel insulation is exciting because it provides beneficial results with a thin profile

Relevant Products 1. PlusIce PCM (phase changing material)

DAY

NIGHT

DAY

NIGHT

DAY

NIGHT

DAY

NIGHT

DAY W

WARM

NIGHT

WARM

NIGHT

WARM STORED ENERGY

STORED ENERGY

COOL

DAY

1. Direct Gain Simplest approach, solar radiation is admitting into LEEWARD WINDWARD WARMand absorbed by floors and walls which is the space in turn, converted into thermal energy at night.

WARM

LEEWARD

NIGHT

2. Indirect Gain

WARM

COOL

LEEWARD

COOL

WINDWARD

DAY

NIGHT

Uses fluid (liquid or air) to collect heat in a float solar COOL collector . The heat is transferredWARM through pipes by natural convection COOL to a storage area, which releases stored energy at night.

WARM

WARM COOL

COOL

Isolated Gain NIGHT

Basic elements of collection and storage used in the direct gain approach as well as using the convection process.

WINDWARD

COOL

WARM

WARM COOL

COOL

WARM

Aerogel

PlusIce PCM

S S

DAY W

NIGHT

DAY DAY

DAY

NIGHTNIGHT W

Figure 01: Plusice PCM vents

NIGHT

DAY

NIGHTNIGHT W W

Figure 02: Aerogel Pad

WARM

DAY WARM

STORED ENERGY

LEEWARD

NIGHT

NIGHTNIGHT STORED ENERGY

STORED STORED ENERGY ENERGY

Figure 03: Aerogel Sheets COOLCOOL

NIGHTNIGHT

WARM WARM

WINDWARD

LEEWARD LEEWARD

COOL

DAY DAY

NIGHT

DAY DAY WARMWARM

COOL

DAY DAY

COOL COOL

COOL

WINDWARD WINDWARD

WARM

WARM WARM

WARM

COOL

COOL COOL

WARMWARM

COOL

COOLCOOL

Convective Cooling Method

Radiative Cooling Method

Evaporative Cooling

Admits cool night air to drive out the warm air. If breezes are predominant, high vents or open windows on the leeward side (away from prevailing breeze) will let the hottest air, located near the COOL ceiling, escape. The cooler night air sweeping in through low open vents or windows on the windward side will replace this hot air and bring relief.

By using the cooling cycle, unwanted heat is rejected from entering the system during the daylight hours and exposed to open air during the night. Thermal storage ponds lose heat through radiation to the breeze and Night sky during the night, and absorb excess heat during the day.

Evaporative cooling is used to enhance the convective cooling model. When water evaporates it absorbs a large amount of heat. This effect is magnified with increased air movement.

SYNERGY POD

007

research RESEARCH heating

Heating and Lighting

Energy needs are based on typical heating days in Lincoln, Nebraska. Wall constructions are based upon typical residental housing standards. Energy calculations are determined during midday on December 21st.

Total Energy Needs

heat loss through walls Walls made from R-19 Insulation, roof and floor are R-30 insulated. Calculations are based on an interior temperature of 72 degrees Farenheit and exterior temperature of 15 degrees Farenheit. Window is 4 sq ft and has a U-rating of .5. Heat is lost through condution.

496 BTU/H

heat transfer=area of assembly*temperature difference/resistance

-1,122 BTU/H

2’-0” 8’-6” heat loss through infiltration Heat is lost through an exchange in air through deficencies in the facade. Air change rates or the number of times that the entire volume of air is replaced per hour. Air change rates generally range from .25 to 2 exchanges per hour. For our purposes, it is assumed that this is a tight building with an air change rate estimated at .5. heat transfer=volume*air change rate*temperature difference

-259 BTU/H 8’-6”

7’-0”

BTU/H released by a person:

latent heat from appliances light work

LED Light fixture using 40 Watts. Q=3.41*P

sedentary

sleeping 250

340

640

heat gain through window Assuming the 4 sq ft window is of south orientation at 40 degrees latitude during midday on December 21st. This is peak gain. Shading Coefficient for the window is .85.

136 BTU/H Q=SC*A*SHGF

409 BTU/H

research lighting

Incandescent Bulbs Minimum Light Output Common Energy Star (WATTS) (LUMENS) Qualified Bulbs (WATTS) 25 40 60 75 100 125 150

250 450 800 1,100 1,600 2,000 2,600

4 to 9 9 to 13 13 to 15 18 to 25 23 to 30 22 to 40 40 to 45

IBC 1205.1

IBC 1205.2

IBC 1205.3

Lighting

Natural light

Artificial light

Every place intended for human occupancy shall be provided with natural light by means of exterior glazed openings in accordance with Section 1205.2 or shall be provided with artificial light in accordance with Section 1205.3.

The minimum net glazed area shall not be less than 8 percent of the floor area of the room served.

Artificial light shall be provided that is adequate to provide an average illumination of 10 foot-candles over the area of the room at a height of 30 inches above the floor level.

Illuminance Conversion 10 fc = 107 lux 107 lux = 9.94 lumens 1 watts = 10 lumens* *Dependant on bulb type Lighting information taken from the 2009 International Building Code

SYNERGY POD

8% of total floor area

009

research RESEARCH LED Technology technology

Figure 04: Louvres-LED Panel

Figure 05: Louvre-LED Detail Louvre-LED

Figure 06: Multi-tough LCD Screen Multi-touch LCD

Figure 07: LED TV LED Display

Aluminum or white powder-coated louvre blades are used, with LED strips attached to them to display messages or other graphics.

Planar PT3285PW Full HD 32” Widescreen MultiTouch Zero Bezel LCD

Sharp Aquos 32” Class LED TV

Power Consumption: 8.5w (max), 3.5w (typical)

Power Consumption: 100w $2269

Power Consumption: 75w Weight: 17.9 lb $379.99 30 13/32” wide x 19 37/64” tall x 47/64” deep

Figure 08: LED Panels at seats

Figure 10: Exterior facade with LED lights

Figure 09: Stadium lit by LED panels 2012 Olympics

Figure 11: Exterior Facade during the day Kunsthaus Graz Lighting Skin

Used as an interactive portion of the games, the opening and closing ceremonies in the 2012 London Olympic games used LED lighting panels, one at each seat, to display designs and messages across the stadium.

The BIX facade on the art museum reflects a trend in buildings to use the latest in technologies in facade design. A combination of acrylic panels and 930 lighting rings are used to display designs and images on the side of the building. In essence, each ring fuctions as a pixel in a large picture. Text and film are both projected on the facade. The building is located in Berlin and was designed in 2003 by Peter Cook and Colin Fournier.

SYNERGY POD

The lighting was only temporary and is used in similar situations for music concerts and other shows.

Figure 12: Exterior facade during the night

011 7

research louvres applications

Louvers can be utilized on an exterioir face to significantly reduce the impact of solar gain by blocking and reflecting light. The thermal energy is then reflected and radiated out or carried away by the airspace behind the louver system rather than being absorbed into interior spaces allowing for energy savings duringthe warm months. Louvers can either be strategically angled or made opperable so as to allow more light (from the winterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lower sun) and thus thermal energy to enter during the colder months to then harvest the solar heat .

Figure 13: Detail of Micro-Louvers

Figure 15: Images of shifting LED pattern on building

Figure 14: Micro-Louvers Panel Micro-louvers

Figure 16: Louvre Panel on exterior of building LED integration

Figure 17: Detail of LED Louvre Twists and Turns

By greatly decreasing scale, micro-louvers change from larger blades to visually acting more as a screen. By maintaing the proportions of blade depth and spacing, the micro-louvers still provide the same ability to block direct sunlight (both glare and thermal gain), but allow greater visibility through windows. Compared to larger louver systems which block sections of visibility with large blades, microlouvers look like a screen, just darkening rather than blocking.

Other systems can be integrated into louvers, such as building scale LED displays. By integrating LED lights into the front ends of the louvers (pictured right), displays up to cross building can provide information, entertainment, or serve the aesthetic. The spacing of the lights makes the content more clearly visible from a distance and while more visible at night, louver LED systems are still usable during the day.

Twists and Turns by Holger Mader | Alexander Stublic | Heike Wiermann (pictured above), is an example of cross building display integrated into a louver system. In this case the louver LED system was used to distort the grid on the facade of the building

http://www.smartlouvre.com/

http://www.louvreled.com/

SYNERGY POD

available technologies

013

research research alternative solar research alternative solar system

Each panel is made up of 40 individual modules, wired in parallel for high current, which capture sunlight across a 360-degree photo-voltaic surface capable of converting direct, diffuse and reflected sunlight into electricity. Using innovative cylindrical copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS modules) and thin-film technology, the systems are designed to be able to provide the low installation costs on a per watt basis for the commercial rooftop market. The cylindrical design allows panels to be placed in virtually any orientation with minimal impact on energy generation, this even includes horizontal installation. Panels weigh 2.8 lbs per square foot not requiring roofs to carry increased heavy loads due to panels.

cylindrical solar panels

light

inner tube cell optical coupling agent outer tube

cylindrical solar panel

tube design

wind blows through the cylindrical solar panels the panels will transfer wind load to the roof and will not be blown off the roof. Simple, non-penetrating mounting hardware is used in the system. No roof penetrations, attachments or ballast are needed. Panels and mounts are quickly attached together, enabling installations to be done faster and more cost-effectively than conventional rooftop PV installations. Customers can also feel more comfortable knowing there is less opportunity for leaks on their rooftop and in some cases, maintain a rooftop warranty that might otherwise be voided by penetrations.

wind flow

weather effects

SYNERGY POD

The cylindrical design attracts less dirt and airborne particles, and moisture or rain that lands or forms on the modules works to clean the cylinders. Research shows that energy loss due to soiling on the system is approximately half of that for conventional flat panels. Because of the unique design, light snow falls through the Solyndra panels and the panels actually benefit from the increased reflected light from a fresh snowfall which allows for less system loss due to snow.

015

research

electricity and batteries 20,000 Wh 19,000 Wh 18,000 Wh

standard usage rates Standard 32â&#x20AC;? LED TV: 90 Watts x 6 hrs = 540 wh Laptop Charging: 60 Watts x 6 hrs = 360 Wh

watt-hours consumed in a day

17,000 Wh 16,000 Wh

1,000 Wh 800 Wh 600 Wh

Laptop in Use: 20 Watts x 6 hrs = 120 Wh 400 Wh

Water Pump: 50 Watts x 1 hr = 50 Wh Vent Fan: 35 Watts x 20 hrs = 700 Wh Small Cooling Unit: 860 Watts x 20 hrs = 17,200 Wh Small Heating Unit: 890 Watts x 22 hrs = 19,580 Wh

Heating

Cooling

Fan

Water Pump

Laptop (Charging)

Miscellaneous 8.5%

Laptop (In Use)

Heating/Cooling 91.5%

percentage breakdown of electrical usage per day

200 Wh

summer usage rates

winter usage rates

Max Usage per hour:

90 + 60 + 20 + 50 + 35 + 560 = 1,115 Watts

90 + 60 + 20 + 50 + 35 + 890 = 1,145 Watts

Total Summer Day Usage:

Total Winter Day Usage:

540 Wh + 360 Wh + 120 Wh + 50 Wh + 700 Wh + 17,200 Wh = 18,970 Wh per day

540 Wh + 360 Wh + 120 Wh + 50 Wh + 700 Wh + 19,580 Wh = 21,350 Wh per day

sun extender #pvx-2580l Holds 258 Ah per battery

9.73”

258 Ah x 10.5 Volts = 2,709 Watts per battery 2,709 Watts x 18 Batteries = 48,762 Watts

10.89”

66.59”

20.76”

62.78”

SYNERGY POD

Holds enough back-up battery for a 2 day reserve

017

research plumbing

Diameter of Pipe

Number of Fixtures connected to any portion of the building drain 1-1/4”

1-1/2”

2”

2-1/2”

42b

50b

3”

Placement of Pipes Water pipes need to be inside or in attics unless it has 1/2 inch of insulation, heat tracing or both.

36b

Drain Size Sink Drain: 1.5 inches diameter Shower Drain: 2 inches diameter Water Intakes: 1/2 inches needed for both hot and cold Shower: 1/2 inch pipes for both intake pipes Water Heater: 3/4 inch pipes for both intake and output lines

Vent Size Every discharge of a water closet must have a minimum 3 inches in diameter main vent

research RESEARCH Photovoltaic photovoltaic energy Energy system System types Types RESEARCH

Figure 18: Photovoltaic Panels

Figure 20: Exterior View of Applied Panels

Figure 22: Aesthetic Qualities of Photovoltaic Panel

Figure 19: Solar Thin Film Thin Film Cell Solar Cell

Figure 21: Solar Panel Monocrystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Solar Panel

Figure 23: Applied Photovoltaic SolarSolar PanelPanel Polycrystalline Silicon Photovoltaic

Thin Film Solar Cell photovoltaic energy are made up of one or more

The most prevalent material that is used for solar Monocrystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Solar Panel panels is crystalline silicon. As such, monocrystalline The photovoltaic most prevalent solar panels material arethat the most is used popular for solar panels photovoltaic is crystalline panelssilicon. used today. As such, These monocrystalline panel photovoltaic types are amongst solar panels the oldest are the used most photovoltaic popular photovoltaic panels used today. These panel and typesdependable are amongst way thetooldest produce used electricity photovoltaic by using the sunâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s energy. While these panels are and dependable way to produce electricity by using they are thealso sunâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s more energy. expensive. While these Aesthetically, panels are they are typically either black or iridescent they are also more expensive. Aesthetically, lower they are installation typically either costs, and blackembodied or iridescent energy.

These solar panels use lower levels ofSolar silicon than Polycrystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Panel the more common monocrystalline photovoltaic solar panels. These solar panels On one usehand, lowerthis levels makes of silicon them than less more the expensive common to produce monocrystalline and buy. photovoltaic On the otherpanels. solar hand, this Onfact onemakes hand, this them makes inherently them less expensive to produce and buy. On the installhand, other and maintain this fact over makes long them periods inherently of time. Poly-silicon panels have a unique aesthetic, as they are install and made maintain up of over silicon long which periods has been of time. woven through Poly-silicon panels rectangular have a unique conduit aesthetic, wires. as they are made up of silicon which has been woven through rectangular conduit wires.

photovoltaic energy materials arewhich madecan up be of one usedorasmore these layers include amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride, copper photovoltaic materials indiumwhich gallium canselenide, be used as and dyesensitixed these layers solar include cells.amorphous Commercially, silicon, these cadmium solar cells telluride, are available copper for integration indium gallium and installation selenide, and onto dyesensitixed the roofs ofsolar buildings. cells. Commercially, The advantages these thatsolar theycells have are available over normal for integration photovoltaic andpanels installation is thatonto they are the lightweight roofs of buildings. and canThe also advantages be walked that on asthey part of ahave roofover assembly. normal photovoltaic panels is that they are lightweight and can also be walked on as part of a roof assembly.

lower installation costs, and embodied energy.

SYNERGY POD

Photovoltaic Energy System Types

019

design proposal overview

bathroom

pod

Figure 24: Exterior Perspective of Pods on Trailer exterior perspective The basic concept of the design was focused around the creation of the penrose pattern and its application to the facade. By manipulating surface points, structural folds were able to be placed into the exterior that allowed for a different construction rather than the typical post and beam system. This allowed for more room for other systems to occupy that space such as ventilation, plumbing and electricity. The nature of the pattern allows it to be subdivided infinitely more times allowing for detail features such as door handles and vents to form naturally from the pattern as well.

transportation top view

7’

8’ 6”

The semi trailer is able to five pods with the last pod on the trailer designated for a bathroom pod that would contain restroom and shower facilities.

Figure 25: Top View of Pods on Trailer

elevation As the pods are located over 5’ off of ground surface, collapsible stairs that can be stored in between the pods. The fact that the pods are on a trailer allow it to be oriented in different ways to maximize solar efficiency.

Figure 26: Elevation of Pods on Trailer

isometric overview

Figure 27: Exterior Perspective of Pods on Trailer with Panels Down

SYNERGY POD

With the solar panels folded down, the trailer of pods is able to be transported down the road.

021

design proposal apertures

back elevation

front elevation

isometric detail

Working within the penrose pattern, the different apertures can be created. In this instance a window is able to be created not allowing for views outside of the pods but also allowing for natural sunlight to filter into the space.

Along the front of the pod, a door is also able to be created within the penrose pattern. The handle is also able to generated by continuing to subdivide the larger triangles and then manipulating the surface points in the same way the exterior surface was manipulated.

The door is opened by a latch located within the subdivided surface that contains it.

plan

isometric overview

The plan is fairly open with the bed/workplace located along one wall and storage and a sink located along another.

With the door closed the exterior of the pod forms a seamless undulated surface.

The door is hinged on the left side of the door with the support for the door located within the main vertical support of the pod.

SYNERGY POD

door operation

023

design proposal furniture system

section

section isometric

The bed can fold down to become a work station while the pillow allows for three different lounge/ sitting positions. An LED TV is located in the wall to enertain the occupant.

A panel from the wall folds down in order to become a workstation. When the bed is folded down in the work position, the pillow is able to serve as the back rest for the occupant. The LED TV built into the wall has hook-ups allowing it to serve as a second computer monitor or just as an entertainment screen. The TV can also be viewed when the bed is in lounge position and the pillow is set-up as a back rest. To sleep in the bed, the pillow is again adjusted to allow for a person to lay back. The sink is located on the right wall with a small integrated refrigerator beneath that. There is also plenty of storage space for not only food and supplies but also larger closets for hanging clothes.

REST

SIT

COOL

STAND

section isometric

STORE

LOOK

CLEANSE

ENTERTAIN

construction exploded axonometric drawing The exterior surface of the pod is made up of metallic panels that are folded to create a structural skin. They are supported by a light structural grid located underneath that helps to give the pod its shape and tie the pod to the bed of the semi trailer. The larger structural members also contain things such as plumbing and electrical along with other system components. The exterior metal panels also a high amount of insulation to help cool and heat the pod. As the pod is such a small space, a small a/c and heating unit is able to keep the pod at a comfortable temperature as long as the pod is well insulated. The panel system creates a fairly seamless exterior so that infiltration is a low factor. The panels would also be a light color to prevent the pod from gaining too much heat in the summer months reflecting most of the solar radiation.

nels

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sola

ppo

el su

pan

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stab

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roof

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Figure 28: Exploded Axonometric

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el cl

ane

ips

doo

pan

els

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t wo

SYNERGY POD

duc pan

ane

le p

sing

025

system integration solar collection

29.7째

isometric overview

section

side elevation

The solar panels located on top of the pod are set at the optimum sun angle to collect maximum solar radiation throughout the day. The slight fold in the sides allows for greater solar harvesting during the evening and morning hours.

The batteries for the solar panels are located beneath the bed and store enough energy for the pod for two days of typical use. This is able to supply power for the refrigerator, water heater, tv, lights, and a laptop either in use or charging.

The angle of the panels is fully adjustable with multiple angles set for any time of the year. Typical solar panels are able to collect sunlight for only four hours a day. The roof is completely filled with solar panels then to maximize the amount of collection.

natural ventilation

detail isometric

isometric overview

There are two “slots” in the surface that allow for natural ventilation into the pod. The pod should ideally be situated with the door to face south in order to allow for the greatest solar collection. In this orientation then, the slots would collect wind from the Northern and Southern winds that are most common. If the pod is rotated slightly however, it is able to catch winds from the west or east if that is more desirable.

The “slots” that allow for the natural ventilation are again formed by manipulating the surface of the pod and subdividing the panels down further. Within the pod, the vents can be closed off by sliding a lever that causes the exterior opening to be closed. This helps to keep the exterior of the pod to be closed and well insulated when it needs to be.

SYNERGY POD

plan

027

system integration rain water collection detail isometric Rain water is collected in the roof into a small drainage area that collects into pipes that run in the structural components of the pod.

isometric overview After collecting and running down the pipes, the water is then collected into the storage tank beneath the trailer where it will be later used to flush water in the restroom pod.

heating and cooling

A small heating and cooling unit is located beneath the bed. Ductwork was created by simply bordering areas between the inside and outside paneling systems and then brought up to a more central location where the air can be distributed more evenly.

The diffuser was created by simply creating another crease in the panel system allowing the air to flow naturally from the duct work.

SYNERGY POD

isometric overview

029

PRECEDENT

The TU Delft Library located in the Netherlands by Mecanoo Architecten gave us insight into an example of system integration already built an in use. The two main components of the building were the large occupable green roof and the shaded doubleglazed curtain wall.

project introduction site manipulation

beginning site plan

rotation

axial connections

The site for the library is directly adjacent to a Brutalist building by Van den Broek and Bakema in the midst of an already well developed campus.

In the creation of the form of the building, the architects chose to rotate the rectangular form in response to the larger site context.

The architects identified a large number of axial lines that came from the larger site context. In response to those, parts of the rotated rectangle were cut away. This also allowed the building to respect the green space that had existed there before hand and maintained access to the existing buildings.

site plan

building diagram

Not wanting to take away from the existing green space on the site, the corner of the landscape was lifted up like a pushpin. The cavity beneath therefore became the library, while above an occupable green space was maintained for the students.

The cone in the center of the building represents the idea of technology and punches through the landscape while bringing light to the library below. The shape of the building is able to maintain the flow of the landscape while respecting the existing Brutalist building. The library is 15,000 m2 and holds over 10,000 volumes and has 1,000 study spaces for students.

PRECEDENT

site plan and diagram

033

diagrams green roof

heat absorption The grass roof performs a variety of functions. In the summer time, it acts as a heat barrier. Less heat is transferred through the roof assembly than a standard roof. The grass also acts as a cooling agent. The water in the plants is evaporated and helps cool the assembly.

water collection The design of the project, as an extension of the green space, performs not only as a social space but it help solves one of the biggest issues that buildings cause. Instead of creating runoff from rainfall, the rain is collected within the soil and any excess is collected into a drainage pipe.

high performance glass facade

630

410

glazing system

louvre system

The glass facade is made up of a double glazed system. This creates an air gap through which the air inside flows. It is then returned through the precast hollow core floor. In the winter time then, when the inside temperature is 72째 the air gap is able to maintain a stable temperature of 63째 when the outside is 41째. The temperature right at the glass is 68째 allowing for work to be done right at the face of the glazing system.

Within the double glazed system are louvres that block the sunlight during the summer time. Sunlight coming in is blocked by the louvres. The total heat transfer is also greatly reduced in combination with the double glazed system. The total energy transfer across the facade is .15% compared to a standard .3% in normal glazing systems.

PRECEDENT

680

035

system integration exploded axonometric

exploded axonometric overview Past the green roof, the roof changes to a hollow metallic roof supported by a steel structure. The main structural members are supported by a grid of smaller members. The glass facade is supported by larger vertical members with the horizontal members serving as the secondary support. At the base of the footings is a gravel bed that serves to drain water from the steel members that support the metal roof.

section grass roof insulation profiled steel sheet safety railing steel structure

section The section shows the overall structure of the building in relation to the floor layout. The ground floor is embedded into the ground at this point due to the slope of the ground on the site. The section also shows the main components of the building.

aluminum sheet perforated aluminum sheet

141’-10”

131’-2”

wood flooring concrete finish hollow-core concrete

120’-6”

single pane safety glass aluminum louvre sunshading double paned safety glass

97’-9”

PRECEDENT

109’-10”

037

system integration green roof

Planted Layer Substrate Layer Filter Mat Gravel Roof Resistant Layer Waterproof Membrane Insulation Safety Rail

Vapor Barrier

Drainage Pipe

Profiled Steel Sheet Steel Structure

green roof The green roof not only has the performative functions of being a thermal mass and a water collection agent, but it is also an occupiable surface. Students can walk onto the roof at ground level and make their way to any part of the roof.

glass facade glass curtain wall

Single Pane Safety Glass Aluminum Louvre Sunshading

The curtain wall that forms three of the sides of the buildings is a high performance facade. The double glazed system serves as a high insulator keeping the outside temperatures at bay. It also incorporates operable windows allowing for natural ventilation during the summertime. The sunshade devices help to not only block out the sunlight but also serves as a cooling device blocking out the solar heat gain.

Double Paned Safety Glass Operable Window

wood Flooring Concrete Finish

PRECEDENT

Hollow Core Concrete

039

documentation final presentation

01 section

SCALE: 1/2” = 1’ grass roof insulation profiled steel sheet safety railing steel structure aluminum sheet perforated aluminum sheet

141’-10”

131’-2”

wood flooring concrete finish hollow-core concrete

120’-6”

109’-10” single pane safety glass aluminum louvre sunshading double paned safety glass

97’-9”

TU DELFT LIBRARY Mecanoo Architecten Delft, The Netherlands

arch 410 matt kreutzer cory ostrander

The library sits next to a brutalist building by Van den Broek and Bakema in the midst of an already well developed campus. Not wanting to take away from the open green space, the corner of the landscape is lifted up like a pushpin. Beneath forms the library while above remains a viable green space for students. The cone in the center represents the idea of technology and punches through the landscape while bringing light to the library below. The library is 15,000 m2 and holds over 10,000 volumes and has 1,000 study spaces for students.

02 exploded axonometric SCALE: 5/16” = 1’

loded axonometric 03 heat absorption SCALE: 5/16” = 1’

04 water collection

The grass roof performs a variety of functions. In the summer time, it acts as a heat barrier. Less heat is transfered through the roof assembly than a standard roof. The grass also acts as a cooling agent. The water in the plants is evaporated and helps cool the assembly.

The design of the project, as an extension of the green space, performs not only as a social space but it help solves one of the biggest issues that buildings cause. Instead of creating runoff from rainfall, the rain is collected within the soil and any excess is collected into a drainage pipe.

05 glazing system

06 louvre system

630

410

The glass facade is made up of a double glazed system. This creates an air gap through which the air inside flows. it is then returned through the precast hollow core floor. In the winter time then, when the inside temperature is 72° the air gap is able to maintain a stable temperature of 63° when the outside is 41°. The temperature right at the glass is 68° allowing for work to be done right at the face of the glazing system.

PRECEDENT

680

041

FABLAB

This project focused on the comprehensive development of a building that would hold a designbuild studio that is a collaboration between Zahner Metals, the College of Architecture, and a third tenant of our choosing. Located on the new Innovation Campus just north of the University of Nebraska - Lincolnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s City Campus, the campus has a close relationship with the University and the other professional tenants that will be located on it.

site research As part of the initial research for the project, a site analysis was done by the studio in the areas of regional, ecology, fabric and infrastructure, college sizes, and demographics. Some of the main features of the site is a closed loop water system that has the capability of heating and cooling over half of the campus. Innovation Campus is situated in between City and East Campus and could potentially serve as a bridge between the campuses. Much of the site is located within the 500 year flood plain which leads to issues of drainage around the site as well as runoff caused by the increase of concrete from roads, buildings and sidewalks.

context/mapping regional

R KE

ADAMS STREET

02 003

INT

HOLDREDGE STREET

VINE STREET

01 O STREET

9TH STREET

10TH STREET

SOUTH STREET

NORMAL BLVD

HIGHWAY 2

Region // Network Urban Scale

Key 01

CITY CAMPUS

INNOVATION CAMPUS

EAST CAMPUS

BETHANY / NORMAL

BIKE PATHS

43 NORMAL

LINCOLN CITY LIMITS

UNIVERSITY PLACE

LAKES

ARAPAHOE

PARKLAND

HOLDREDGE

AIRPORT TO SITE

4 MILE DIAMETER 2 MILE RADIUS 1 MILE RADIUS

FAB LAB FABLAB

HIGHWAY 77

27TH STREET

VAN DORN STREET

045

context/mapping ecology/fabric/infrastructure

Ecology

Soil Types

Key SOIL BOUNDARY WATER PLANT

CREEK FLOODWAY

FEMA FLOOD PLAIN 500 YEAR FLOOD PLAIN

FUTURE BIOSWALE

PARK

1/4

(within area of interest)

A: silt loam

B: silty clay loam

Slope: 0-2%

Flooding: Occasional Urban Land:

AREA OF INTEREST

1/8

Flooding: Not Occasionally

Flood Plain

Water Infiltration Rate: Water Transmittance:

Urban Land: Slow

0.60 - 2.0 in/hr

Stream Terraces

Water Infiltration Rate: Water Transmittance:

Moderate 0.60 - 2.0 in/hr

1/2 m i

AN PE

LO TE

AY DW

LEY VAL

TC AL

A RO

Key CITY BLOCKS PROPOSED BLOCKS

EXISTING BUILDINGS PROPOSED BUILDINGS

SURROUNDING BUILDINGS WATER TREATMENT PLANT

CREEK

PARKING GARAGES

RESIDENTIAL

PROPOSED BIOSWALE

PARKING LOTS

INDUSTRIAL

PERMIT OTHER HEALTH

INNOVATION CAMPUS

PROPOSED FIBER LINES

ZONAL BOUNDARY

EXISTING FIBER LINES

EXISTING BLOCKS

PROPOSED WATER

EXISTING WATER

CITY EFFLUENT WATER LINE

EXISTING ELECTRIC EXISTING SEWER RAILROAD

FAB LAB FABLAB

Y WA

K PAR

Fabric // Infrastructure

047

context mapping college sizes/demographics

City Campus

East Campus

Engineering Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Support

Sports Garage Arts and Science

Architecture

Business Administration

Education and Human Sciences

Journalism and Mass Communications

Programs

Fine and Performing Arts

KEYS

Dorms

ADMINSTRATION CREATIVE/DESIGN DORMS ECONOMICS/GOVERNMENT GARAGE SOCIAL/CULTURE SPORTS SUPPORT TECHNOLOGY

Administration

Law

INDUSTRY 250 MILE RADIUS

500 MILE RADIUS

UNIVERSITY

Fortune 500 by Industry (within 500 miles)

FORTUNE 500 COMPANIES NEAR LINCOLN

Professional

41-60 Undergraduate

FUEL

FOOD

WATER

>60

24,207 Students

Nash Finch 48 Tyson Foods 96 Emerson Electric 12o 79,000,000

<40

Graduate

8,072 Staff

1,556 Faculty (by age)

Oneok Ok E 175 General Mills 181 Lando O Lakes 210 Conagra Foods 215 Monsanto 224 Chesakeake Energy 229 Devon Energy 232 Xcel Energy 246 Newmont Mining 257 Peabody Energy 316 Hormel Foods 327 Ameren 340 Williams 325 Ecolab 365 Seaboard 427 Ch2m Hill 440 Graybar Electric 451

LINCOLN

47,000,000

15,000,000

1,000,000 0

194

404

Other (Intercampus & Visitors)

495

Architecture

Law

769

611 Intercollegiate & Non-Degree

103

940

Fine & Performing Arts

1,307

Journalism & Mass Communications

2,665

Undecided Undergraduates

295

3,227

Agricultural Science & Natural Resources

140

Engineering

3,514

Business Administration

4,353

214

Education & Human Sciences

5,728

489

Arts & Sciences

CITY

POPULATION: 262,341

13% 12% 11%

Lincoln, NE

10%

United States

7% 6%

29.2%

22.4%

5% 4%

15.4%

20.6%

Associates Degree

18% Dept of Defense

High School Degree 23.4% Some College

27% National Science Foundation

EDUCATION LEVEL

9.8%

6.7% Some High School

17.5%

25.2% Bachelor Degree

Education Level

FEDERAL FUNDING

18% Dept Health and Human Services

9.8%

12.6% 7.5%

4% Other

5% USAID 5% Dept of Education

Professional Degree 1990

Chicago, IL

1992

1994

1996

Denver, CO

1998

2000

Unemployment by Region

2002

United States

2004

2006

2008

Nebraska

2010

2012

Lincoln, NE

5% Dept of Transportation 2% Nasa

Federal Funding for University

10% USDA 6% Dept of Energy

FAB LAB FABLAB

Number of Students and Teachers Per College

049

research concepts

innovation campus thesis “A dynamic environment where university and private sector talent transform ideas into innovation that impacts the world.” “look and feel” of the campus: “The buildings must be unique and of a quality and design that promotes a positive energy, fosters interaction, and stimulates ideas, collaboration, sustainabililty, and innovation.”

fabrication

private sector

aesthetic college of arch.

professionals

precedent

creativity

students

zahner metals performance

research

university of nebraska

INNOVATION comes from PEOPLE and IDEAS COLLIDING

innovation campus

HYBRID (noun): a thing made by combining two different elements; a mixture

Food

Fuel

Water

Vertical Gardens Rooftop Gardens Green Roofs Algae Harvesting Greenhouses

Passive Gains Solar Power Wind Power Natural Ventilation

Rainwater Harvesting Water Purification Water Walls HVAC Water Systems Water Runoff

These different systems are commonly used in many buildings today. Some of the newer ideas are the creation of rooftop gardens for the production of food as well as using algae on facades for the production of energy. This systems can be used together to better enhance a building systems. These systems can also be used in conjunction with such as passive gains or water purification.

The idea that buildings can produce energy is not new but there is potential to enhance that energy production through the hybridization of systems. The potential also for a facade that combines not also for energy production but also for things such as rainwater harvesting or for greenhouses.

Water is typically not something beneficial to buildings and the control of runoff from buildings is a very important issue today. Collecting rainwater has been a way to control and use it to better buildings. Water can also be used to produce energy with the combination of solar power. Or through the generation of food in rooftop gardens and vertical gardens.

FAB LAB

051

research concepts

green facades

solar panel shingles

Rooftop water heaters

FABLAB

THEMES

Rainwater harvesting

Solar panels

Rooftop gardens

tenants tenants

Figure 01: Zahner Headquarters

Figure 02: Schott North American Headquarters

A. Zahner Company

Schott North American, Inc. College of Architecture

Located in Kansas City, Zahner is known worldwide as an innovative metal fabricator. Working with well known international architects such as Zaha Hadid, Morphosis, Diller + Scofidio, Frank Gehry, and many others they not only fabricate but have a team of design engineers to create architectural solutions. Their capabilities are quite immense and are ever expanding as they research new techniques. As a tenant on Innovation Campus they would have a new research facility to explore new architectural facade techniques. Working with the College of Architecture as well as the College of Engineering, new facade techniques can be readily researched and developed.

With locations across the United States as well as worldwide, Schott is a glass company that specializes in a variety of glass systems. Some of their capabilities include solar glass, fire proof glass, integrated glass shading, and extra clear class. Their products have been used in a large number of architectural projects. They are involved in a variety of research projects but in this project Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve speculated that one of the research areas theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve been involved in is slump glass and its uses beyond pure decoration.

Figure 03: UNL Architecture Hall

FAB LAB FABLAB

As part of the University, the College of Architecture would be involved in research with the other two tenants in the field of high performance facades and facade developments. Within the FabLab, they would have faculty space as well as studio space for students. With these spaces available, the college of architecture would have a very close relationship with the tenants in the development of the new facades.

053

tenants

zahner metals de Young Museum Architect: Herzog & de Meuron Location: San Francisco, CA Completed: 2005 Examples of materials and fabrications techniques Zahner metals used in the de Young Museum. The panels used in this building will change colors over time eventually emerging as earthy colors.

Figure 04: de Young Museum Material Samples Cooper Union New Academic Building Architect: Morphosis Location: New York, NY Completed: 2009 Examples of perforations capable by Zahner metals. The perforations in this building provide energy savings in the summer and winter. In the summer they reduce the amount of sunlight and lower the heat load. In the winter, it serves as an insulating barrier reducing energy lost.

Figure 05: Cooper Union

Figure 06: Cooper Union Exterior Facade Detail Broad Art Center Architect: Zaha Hadid Architects Location: Lansing, MI Completed: 2012 Large 40 feet tall metal panels help form the outside facade. The panels serve to block out sunlight during the day. This is again a project by Zahner that involved digital fabrication and parametric modeling.

Figure 07: Broad Art Museum Figure 08: Broad Art Museum Facade Detail

schott north american, inc. Mercedes Benz Museum Architect:UN Studio Location: Stuttgart Completed: 2006 Schott North American, Inc. has developed a firerated safety glass. The great benefit of the glass compared to other fire-rated glass systems is that it has very little visual distortion.

Figure 09: Mercedes Benz Museum Exterior

Figure 10: Broad Art Museum German Pavilion Shanghai World Expo 2010 Architect: Milla & Partner and Schmidhuber + Kaindl Location: Shanghai Completed: 2010 Photovoltaic glass developed by Schott North American, Inc. It still allows for light to pass through while at the same time transforming a facade or roof into a power generator.

Figure 11: German Pavilion Shanghai 2010 Des Moines Public Library

Location: Des Moines, IA Completed: 2012

FAB LAB FABLAB

Architect: David Chipperfield Architects

The facade is made of a triple glazing system with an integrated metal mesh that reduces the solar gain by 80%. The system developed by Schott North American, Inc. still allows views outside of the space while keeping most of the light out. Schott developed a similar system for the

Figure 12: Des Moines Public Library (Night)

Figure 13: Des Moines Public Library (Day)

055

research slump glass

Toucan Forged Glass Transitional Glass Stix Glass In more traditional techniques, slumped glass is used in more decorative items. However, it can be used wherever common glass can be used. This glass samples show how the patterns can have different opacities within the same sheet. By partnering with Zahner and their perforation techniques, similar effects could possibly be applied to glass.

Figure 14: Broad Art Museum

Figure 15: Broad Art Museum Cuda Architectural Glass Cracked Ice Rapids These patterns show the more textural effects of the slumped glass. This texture provides light to pass through without allowing views through. Possible uses could be in conference areas or in restroom facilities. The same technique was used in the Vakko project to provide structural support to the glass.

Figure 16: Broad Art Museum

Figure 17: Broad Art Museum Vakko Fashion Center Architect:REX Location: Istanbul Completed: 2010 This glass technique that was applied to the facade had many benefits. The â&#x20AC;&#x153;xâ&#x20AC;? provides structural support which allowed for the glass to be thinner as well as taking away the need for exterior mullions in the facade.

Figure 18: Slump Glass Pane used at Vakko Fashion Center

Figure 19: Vakko Fashion Cntr.

manipulations Typical Slump Glass In more traditional techniques, slumped glass is a single plane with decorative techniques applied to it. While the thickness can vary, they do not have any sort of structural purpose. It does have a variety of opacities and textures allowing for a range of privacy.

Figure 20: Typical Slump Glass Pane Slumped “X” Glass As mentioned before, the slumped “x” in the sheet provides structural support while slimming up the glass overall. What I believe could be interesting with slump glass is its impacts and uses beyond the structural.

Figure 21: Slump Glass Pane used at Vakko

One of those possible uses could be combining structural and rain collection. In this example the glass would direct the rain downward towards a larger collection area.

Figure 20: Possible Slump Glass Configuration

FAB LAB

Slump Iteration

057

context/mapping parking connection

27TH STREET

AN PE

AY W

L VAL EY

AY KW

PAR

E CR

D OA

Figure 21: Site Parking Connections

Key EXISTING BUILDINGS

CONNECTION TO PARKING

Parking Criteria

PROPOSED BUILDINGS

BUILDING CONNECTION

PARKING GARAGES

PARKING CONNECTION

Identified in the map above, every building on campus is connected to the main parking garage or lot that the occupants would most likely used. The parking garages with the larger dots have connections with more buildings and thus more occupants.

PARKING LOTS PROPOSED VENUES

entertainment connection

ENTERTAINMENT AND RESTAURANT DISTRICT

27TH STREET

AN PE

AY W

L VAL EY

AY KW

PAR

E CR

D OA

Key

FAB LAB

Figure 22: Site Venue Connections

EXISTING BUILDINGS

CONNECTION TO VENUES

Venue Criteria

PROPOSED BUILDINGS

BUILDING CONNECTION

PARKING GARAGES

VENUE CONNECTION

Identified in the map above, every building on campus is connected to all of the venues that are within 800 feet of them. Again, the venues with larger dots have more connections to buildings and more connections to a larger amount of people.

PARKING LOTS PROPOSED VENUES

059

context/mapping hot spots

27TH STREET

AN PE

AY W

L VAL EY

AY KW

PAR

E CR

D OA

Figure 23: Site Hot Spots

Key EXISTING BUILDINGS PROPOSED BUILDINGS PARKING GARAGES PARKING LOTS PROPOSED VENUES

BUILDING HOTSPOTS

Hot Spot Criteria From the parking and venue connections identified before, the individual buildings were then analyzed by their connections. The larger dots represented more connections to larger dots and also an adjacency to the main roads within the campus.

site selection

L VAL

Key

AY KW

PAR

EXISTING BUILDINGS

E RE

SITE SELECTION T

PROPOSED BUILDINGS

S TRUCK ROUTE

PARKING GARAGES

DROP OFF AND PRE-FAB AREA

PARKING LOTS PROPOSED VENUES

Site Connections

FAB LAB

AY W D

Figure 24: Hot Spot Connections

In the map above is mapped all of the connections to different buildings that the final site will have. Through the parking garages and venues, the occupants of the site will have the opportunity to interact with people from all of the buildings identified above. Also identified are two more strengths of the site. The easy truck access is greatly beneficial. The parking lot next to it could not only serve as a parking lot but also as a possible fabrication space.

061

context/mapping final block

Site Selection The final building identified has one other building on the block. Between the two buildings is a potential outdoor public space. Located within the heart of the campus, it has potential connections with much of the campus while still maintaining easy access for truck deliveries. Figure 24: Perspective Overview of Final Site Selection

characteristics

Figure 26: Site Public Spaces

Figure 27: Site Pathways

Truck Route

Public Spaces

Pathways

As shown, semi trucks making deliveries or picking up products have easy access to the back side of the building. The minimum radius for the trucks is always maintained.

In the massing plan presented, there was large amounts of green space between buildings. I identified these areas as potential public gathering spaces.

In order to connect some of the public spaces within the surrounding site, different pathways were identified that might contribute to connecting people to those public spaces. One of the pathways identified cuts through the building which the design will reflect.

FAB LAB

Figure 25: Site Truck Route

063

program adjacencies

Fabrication

Tenant Space 10,000 sq. ft.

10,000 sq. ft.

Operations 2000 sq. ft.

Studio 5000 sq. ft.

Programmatic Relationships

Admin 3000 sq. ft.

Figure 28: Program Adjacency

Between the programmatic groups the Studio space has becomes a connector to all of the other spaces. It needs close relationships with both the Operations staff and the Tenant Space as the students working here could do research with both the tenant space and the main programmatic space. The administration does not need close relationships with either fabrication or the tenant space. The operations and tenant space will work closely with the fabrication space. The tenant space will have its own fabrication space but they should still maintain a close connection.

subdivision Director Assistant Director Support Staff (3) Faculty (5) Conf. / Meeting Space Business Office Marketing Communication Office Operations Manager Operations Desk Space Meeting Area Lounge Studios Design Studios (2) Team Meeting Areas Lounge Breakout Spaces Fabrication Space Main Fab. Space Office Tool Room Print Lab Laser Cutters 3D Milling Wood Shop Tenant Space Director Assistant Director Support Staff (3) Conf. / Meeting Space Business Office Marketing Communication Office Operations Manager Desk Space Meeting Area Lounge Fabrication Space Tool Room Fabrication Office

3000 sq. ft. 200 sq. ft. 150 sq. ft. 250 sq. ft. 600 sq. ft. 1000 sq. ft. 150 sq. ft. 350 sq. ft. 150 sq. ft. 150 sq. ft. 2000 sq. ft. 1250 sq. ft. 500 sq. ft. 250 sq. ft. 5000 sq. ft. 3000 sq. ft. 1000 sq. ft. 500 sq. ft. 500 sq. ft. 10000 sq. ft. 5400 sq. ft. 100 sq. ft. 1000 sq. ft. 300 sq. ft. 900 sq. ft. 300 sq. ft. 2000 sq. ft. 10000 sq. ft. 200 sq. ft. 150 sq. ft. 250 sq. ft. 1000 sq. ft. 150 sq. ft. 350 sq. ft. 150 sq. ft. 150 sq. ft. 1250 sq. ft. 500 sq. ft. 250 sq. ft. 4500 sq. ft. 1000 sq. ft. 100 sq. ft.

FAB LAB

Administration

065

program

subdivision qualities Administration Business Office

Operations Mangr.

Comm. Office

Private

Director

Business Office

Ass't Director

Faculty

Comm. Director Office

Single Height

Asst. Director

Operations Mangr.

Faculty

Support Staff

Business Office

Marketing

Support Staff

Quiet

Loud

Clean

Dirty

Conference Space

No Views

Views Operations Mangr.

Marketing

Asst. Director

Director

Conference Space

Comm. Office

Faculty

Conference Space

Public

Double Height

Figure 29: Administration Quality Diagrams

Operations Private

Single Height

Lounge

Desk Space Meeting Area

Quiet

Loud

Dirty

Clean

Desk Space

No Views

Views Lounge

Meeting Area

Lounge

Public

Double Height

Figure 30: Operations Quality Diagrams

Studios Private

Single Height

Team Meeting Areas

Design Studios Breakout Spaces

Lounge Team Meeting Areas

Quiet

Loud

Dirty

Clean

Design Studios Lounge

Breakout Spaces

Public

Figure 31: Studio Quality Diagrams

No Views

Views Breakout Spaces

Team Meeting Areas

Double Height

Design Studios

Lounge

Fabrication Space Private

Single Height

Main Fab. Space

Print Lab

Laser Cutters

Tool Room

Fab. Office

Main Fab. Space

Laser Cutters

Print Lab

3d Milling Fab. Office

Quiet

Wood Shop

Loud

Clean

Wood Shop

Tool Room

Dirty

No Views

3D Milling

Main Fab. Space Public

Views

Print Lab

Laser Cutters

Tool Room

3D Milling

Fab. Office

Wood Shop

Double Height

Figure 32: Fabrication Quality Diagrams

Tenant Space Private Director

Business Office

Asst. Director

Operations Mangr.

Comm. Office

Single Height

Fabrication Space

Lounge

Business Office

Asst. Director

Operations Mangr.

Desk Space Support Staff

Meeting Area

Marketing

Loud

Support Staff

Comm. Office

Fabrication Space

Fab. Office

Tool Room Quiet

Director

Desk Space

Business Office

Director

Comm. Office

Tool Room

Asst. Director

Dirty

Clean

No Views

Support Staff

Fab. Office

Lounge

Meeting Area

Views

Fab. Office

Marketing

Conference/ Meeting Space

Public

Meeting Area

Conference/ Meeting Space

Tool Room Lounge

Conference/ Marketing Operations Meeting Space Mangr.

Fabrication Space Desk Space Double Height

FAB LAB

Figure 33: Tenant Quality Diagrams

067

program similarities

Main Fab. Space

Fabrication Space

Breakout Spaces

Lounge Team Meeting Areas Lounge

Fab. Office

Tool Room

Wood Shop

Tool Room

Meeting Area

Lounge

Meeting Area

Fab. 3D Milling Office

Print Lab

Conference/ Meeting Space

Conference Space

Laser Cutters

Figure 34: Fabrication Type Areas and Qualities

Figure 35: Meeting Space Type Areas and Qualities

Fabrication Type Space

Meeting Space

These spaces typically have double-height ceilings, are loud, can be dirty, are private, and do not require views to the outside. The only two programmatic groups that have spaces that fit this category are the tenant space and the fabrication space. These spaces should therefore be located adjacent to one another.

These spaces could be single or double-height ceilings, are quiet, are public, and could have views outside but are not required. The programmatic groups that have spaces that fit this category are the tenant space, administration, operations, and studio space. These spaces do not require adjacencies but could be located close to one another or even shared between the programmatic groups.

Business Office

Support Director Staff

Desk Space

Asst. Director

Operations Mangr.

Marketing

Desk Space

Business Office

Design Studios

Marketing

Operations Mangr.

Comm. Office

Comm. Office Asst. Director

Director

Faculty

Support Staff

Figure 37: Office Space Type Areas and Qualities

Studio Space

Office Space

These spaces could be single or double-height ceilings, are quiet, are private, and should have access to views outside. The programmatic groups that have spaces that fit this category are the tenant space, operations, and studio space. These spaces could have some adjacencies. The design studios could be a link between the operations staff space and the tenant staff space.

These spaces are single-height spaces, are quiet, are private, and should have access to views outside. The programmatic groups that have spaces that fit this category are administration and the tenant space. These spaces do not require any adjacencies. Some communication should exist between the two programmatic groups but it does not require any sort of physical closeness.

FAB LAB

Figure 36: Studio Space Type Areas and Qualities

069

program

subdivided adjacencies

Ass't Director

Business Office

Comm. Office

Lounge

Director

Support StaffDirector

Marketing

Operations Mangr.

Faculty

Asst. Director

Meeting Area

Business Office

Operations Mangr.

Marketing

Lounge

Support Staff

Meeting Area

Desk Space

Comm. Office

Fabrication Space

Conference/ Meeting Space

Fab. Office

Desk Space

Tool Room

Conference Space

Figure 38: Administration Program Adjacencies

Figure 39: Studio Program Adjacencies

Figure 40: Tenant Space Program Adjacencies Relationships within Program

Main Fab. Space Fab. Office

Tool Room

Lounge

After identifying the different type of spaces within the program, the subdivided programs were then analyzed. Closer adjacencies were identified between desk spaces and the meeting spaces and a lower adjacency with the fabrication space.

Team Meeting Areas

Breakout Spaces

Print Lab

Laser Cutters

Design Studios 3D Milling

Wood Shop

Figure 41: Fabrication Program Adjacencies

Figure 42: Fabrication Program Adjacencies

Ass't Director

Business Office

Marketing

Operations Mangr.

Comm. Office

Director Support Staff

Faculty

Director

Business Office

Asst. Director

Operations Mangr.

Marketing

Support Staff

Comm. Office

Lounge

Meeting Area

Conference Space

Fabrication Space

Conference/ Meeting Space

Fab. Office

Tool Room Lounge

Team Meeting Areas

Desk Space

Breakout Spaces Lounge

Design Studios

Meeting Area

Main Fab. Space

Desk Space Fab. Office

Tool Room

Laser Cutters

Programmatic Relationships

3D Milling

Wood Shop

Figure 43: Subdivided Program Adjacencies

FAB LAB

Print Lab

After the more specific breakdown, a larger relationship breakdown can be seen between the different programs. The lounge, desk, and meeting space areas have a very close relationship across all of the programs as well as the two fabrication spaces. Other places such as the office areas of both the administration and tenant space do not have a strong relationship. Another space that takes a central role and has a strong relationship with many of the other programs is the studio desk space.

071

synergy/poche diagrams sectional qualities

SIDE-BY-SIDE ADJACENY

EDGE ADJACENCY

FACE ADJACENCY

FACE OVERLAP

EDGE OVERLAP Figure 44: Sectional Analysis Diagram

highlighted qualities

Figure 45: Edge Adjacency

Figure 46: Overlap Horizontal Face

Figure 47: Overlap Vertical Face

Figure 48: Overlap Horizontal Volumes

Figure 49: Overlap Horizontal Corner

Figure 50: Overlap Vertical Corner Sectional Highlights

FAB LAB

073

design process subtractive program

atio fabric

t spac

tenan studio

ope

This layout began to look at program in relation to the final site location. By wrapping the fabrication space around the tenant space, a close relationship between the two is formed. As the tenant space has a fabrication space, the two areas need a close relationship. The studio space is moved to the second floor where it still is able to maintain close relationships between the operations and tenant space.

Sectional Qualities with Studio Space

ratio

inist

adm

Bar Program

Figure 51: Program Layout 1

atio fabric

t spac

tenan

Bar Program 2 The layout is similar to the last but the administration space wraps around the operations space. This set up allows for the operations area to have a relationship with both the administrations and the tenant space.

studio

ratio

inist

adm

Sectional Qualities with Studio Space

Figure 52: Program Layout 2

ion bricat

tion

circula

In this layout, the spaces were overlapped in order to examine the relationships between them. A central core was added that had adjacencies with all of the other programs. After more examination the fabrication space only needed some of the space to be double-height and not all of it. This created a void on the roof that can be seen as an occupiable rooftop garden.

istratio

admin

Figure 53: Program Layout 3

t spac

tenan

studio

Bar with Central Core

Sectional Qualities with Studio Space

atio fabric

t spac

tenan

studio

Bar Stacking In this layout, the program is stacked more to allow for more spaces to be located on the second floor. The studio space has space on the first floor allowing for meeting space next to the operations area.

istratio

ope

admin

Sectional Qualities with Studio Space

Figure 54: Program Layout 4

ation

fabric

ion

lat

cir

studio ope

t spac

tenan

Bar with Circulation Bar This layout looked more closely at the tenant space and the location of the double-height space that will exist with it. The circulation space acts as a connector between all of the different programs. Again, the other public functions within the other spaces would try to locate close to the circulation space.

ratio

inist

adm

Sectional Qualities with Studio Space

FAB LAB

Figure 55: Program Layout 5

075

design process site program analysis

Public Area Cut 1 In these iterations, the box to subtract from was removed in favor of looking at the larger site context. In this iteration, a slight cut was made in the southwest corner to emphasize movement into the public space. A more critical analysis was also given in the height of tenant space and where its fabrication space would occur. As such you see how the top floor of the tenant space flows over its double-height space.

Sectional Qualities with Studio Space

Figure 56: Program Layout 6 Public Area Cut 2 In this iteration, the second floor is cantilevered over the cut on the first floor. The studio space is then brought over the fabrication space creating spaces that have more of the sectional qualities identified before.

Sectional Qualities with Studio Space

Figure 57: Program Layout 7 Front Court Cut 1 In this iteration, the atrium was moved to the southeast corner. In this position, the atrium serves as a billboard for the capabilities of Zahner and Schott North American. The programs are laid out similarly to earlier iterations, however the administration space is split and two and stacked on top of each other.

Sectional Qualities with Studio Space

Figure 58: Program Layout 8

Front Court Cut 2 The same front atrium was used in this atrium, however the program was rearranged so that it was stacked and arranged towards the front of the building. The studio space fills the entire third floor with the tenant and operations spaces having closer relationships.

Sectional Qualities with Studio Space

Figure 59: Program Layout 9 Atrium Space Split This final iteration took the interactions between the different programs and split them with a central atrium that runs straight through the building connecting the public spaces. Located around the central atrium would be all of the public functions such as meeting spaces and conference spaces.

Sectional Qualities with Studio Space

FAB LAB

Figure 60: Program Layout 10

077

design process first iteration selection

Figure 61: Southwest Perspective

A B

Figure 62: Southeast Perspective

Figure 63: Section A-A

Figure 64: Section B-B

Sectional Qualtiies As mentioned before, I first looked at creating the sectional qualities I was interested before. The studio space is stacked on top of the operations and administration space. With the floor heights, there is a back and forth between the two parts of the building.

Figure 65: Southeast Program Perspective

Figure 66: Southwest Program Perspective Pulling Programs Apart Looking at where the meeting spaces would be placed, the bar of program was pulled away from the main part of the building. This also created an access route for people to reach from the public spaces located to the east of the building to the public space on the west side.

Figure 67: Southeast Program Split Perspective

Figure 68: Southwest Program Split Perspective Adding in Atrium Space

Figure 69: Southeast Atrium Space Perspective

Figure 70: Southwest Atrium Space Perspective

FAB LAB

This gap was then enclosed by a glass atrium to protect it from the elements and to also serve as the main entrance for the building. This entrance allow for people to enter directly into the tenant offices and administration offices while keeping the studio and operation spaces more private.

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design process sectional analysis

trace design After the mid-critique, the design focus on developing the sectional qualities of the building. By drawing on sheets of trace paper, a focused approach was given to the development of the different sectional qualities of the building.

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Figure 71: Transverse Section

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Figure 72: Site Plan

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Figure 73: Longitudinal Section 1

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Figure 74: Longitudinal Section 2

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design process program development

relationship of spaces After the sectional analysis sketches, the bar of program located on the southern end was raised up to allow for people to flow underneath the building to the public space.

Figure 74: Longitudinal Section 2 creating connection The building still required a main entrance and the idea of the atrium still served this purpose as well as creating a flow from the building into the public space.

Figure 74: Longitudinal Section 2 center for collaboration The atrium space also serves as an area for collaboration with the conference and meeting spaces located around this atrium space as well as the lounge spaces and other public functions. The idea behind this central space was also to force people to walk past each other on their way up to their work places. With the conference and meeting places located in this area also, people will walk past those places on their way to the bathroom or lounge areas. The idea then is that people will see something pinned up or presented in a conference room that inspires them on something that they are working on. In this way, innovation and collaboration can occur spontaneously. Figure 74: Longitudinal Section 2

final massing strategy

massing strategy

Figure 76: Southwest Perspective of Final Massing Strategy

FAB LAB

Figure 75: Southeast Perspective of Final Massing Strategy

In this final massing strategy, the two floors of program on the southern end hold only the administration and operations space. The studio space is then moved to wrap around the tenant space. It also has direct access to the roof of the fabrication space. In thinking of system integration, the roof of the fabrication space becomes an occupiable green roof for the students in the studios to walk out on.

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design process program development

relationship of spaces After the sectional analysis sketches, the bar of program located on the southern end was raised up to allow for people to flow underneath the building to the public space.

final massing strategy

massing strategy

Figure 76: Southwest Perspective of Final Massing Strategy

FAB LAB

Figure 75: Southeast Perspective of Final Massing Strategy

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design process first iteration model

Figure 77: Overview

first chipboard model This first chipboard model focused on the development and arrangement of the interior space. It also focused on the development of the different roof planes.

Figure 78: Operations Floor

Figure 81: Third Floor

Figure 79: Administration Floor In the arrangement of the spaces, the conference spaces as well as the lounge spaces were all located in the central atrium space. They would then be linked later on by a series of winding stair cases. Other features of note were all offices being located by an exterior wall giving them the best exterior views.

Figure 80: Second Floor

FAB LAB

floor relationships

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design process second iteration model

Figure 81: Southeast Perspective facade development In this model, the development of the facade was the primary focus. Everything was developed off of a 5â&#x20AC;&#x2122; by 10â&#x20AC;&#x2122; grid. For the fabrication space, a metal panel system that would be manufactured by Zahner Metals was employed.

Figure 82: Southeast Street View

Figure 83: Northwest view

Figure 84: Southwest Street View

studio and atrium facades

Figure 85: Southeast Perspective

FAB LAB

The studio and office spaces are covered by a glass facade that is developed by Schott North American. Covering the glass facade is a perforated metal panel system developed by Zahner Metals. The glass system would employ the use of slump glass to create areas of opacity and translucency. Interacting with the perforated metal facade then, there would be moments of clear views and other moments where the view would be blocked. The atrium space is covered with another system of glass developed by Schott North American.

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design proposal plans

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Figure 87: First Floor Plan

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Figure 88: Second Floor Plan

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Figure 89: Third Floor Plan

plan

FAB LAB

In the final proposal, the area beneath the administration and operations bar becomes a public space that flows into the public space on the western side of the building. The stairs layout creates a circuit beginning on the first floor all the way up to third floor. This circuitous path forces people to walk past each other on the way up to their work places. Along this path are also the conference, lounge, and other public spaces again creating opportunities for people to interact with each other. On the third floor, the studio space is able to walk out onto the green roof that tops the fabrication space. The other half of studio is able to look out onto the fabrication space. On the first floor, a hallway that penetrates to the roofs above leads to the fabrication spaces as well as another set of public rest rooms. There is another entrance to the fabrication space from the outside developed by a folding of the outside skin. The seam created not only the exit, but also a vent from which the heat from the glass kilns can be expelled directly outside. During the winter, the heat put out by the kilns will be put to use through a heat exchanger connected to a series of water heat system under the fabrication floor.

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design proposal perspective views

Figure 90: Rendered Perspective

exterior space The render shows the developed space under the raised up section of the building. This space flows naturally into the public space on the west side of the building.

sectional qualities As seen in the perspective, there is a high degree of level changes within the building. These changes relate not only to the different types of spaces but are also intended to create the circulatory path of the user.

FAB LAB

Figure 91: Section Perspective

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design proposal sections

Figure 92: Section sectional relationships In this section, the relationship across the atrium is seen as well as the flow from the studio space onto the green roof. Access to the roof is gained by a small set of stairs outside of the view of the section.

The detail section shows the area of the wall that will be developed further in a later project. The beginning ideas of the metal panel system and seam that interact with the kilns in the fabrication space are show here. Above, the perforated metal panel system that interacts with the studio space is also shown as well as part of the occupiable green roof.

Figure 93: Detail Section

FAB LAB

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design proposal final model

Figure 94: Southeast Perspective

exterior model The final model is similar to the last, but shows the changes in the plan resulting from the creation of the seam in the fabrication space. The rest of the facade system has maintained its same systems.

front entrance

Figure 95: Front Entrance

FAB LAB

The atrium space holds not only the main circulation stairs but also holds two sets of egress stairs required by code. The atrium space is wider at this end to create a public face to the Fablab.

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design proposal final model

panel system

Figure 96: Northeast Street View

Figure 97: Model Overview

The 5’ by 10’ grid system is maintained with the metal panels for the fabrication space and the glass facade. The perforated metal panels that act as shading devices are the only facade system that breaks this grid pattern. Instead, the panels are slightly smaller and arranged on a 5’ by 5’ grid. It is able to keep its structure tied with the other systems but allow the panels to be smaller and lighter.

massing and interior space The flow of the grass roof is maintained across the entire building except when it is broken by the atrium space. It is then reversed on the space above the western studio space to allow for the space to flow onto the green roof on that end. On the interior, the flow of the circulatory stairs can be seen. As the user travels to the top floor, they walk past almost all of the conference and lounge spaces in the atrium.

Figure 99: Exterior Atrium View

Figure 100: Interior Atrium View

FAB LAB

Figure 98: Front Elevation

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design proposal final board

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