Studio Air Final Journal by Maxie

AIR

Arc h ite c tu re D esi g n Stu d i o S em 2 . 2 0 1 5

Content page Introduction _________________________________________________ 03 A. 1.Design futuring____________________________________________ 2.Design computation _______________________________________ 3.Composition Generation ____________________________________ 4.Conclusion _______________________________________________ 5.Learning outcomes _________________________________________ B

07 13 17 20 21

1.Research field_____________________________________________ 27 • Site analysis ___________________________________________ 28 • Site analysis - Issues _____________________________________30 2.Case study 1.0 - VoltaDom ___________________________________33 3.Case study 2.0 - Gridshell ____________________________________43 • Reverse-Engineer: London King’s Cross Railway Station ________ 44 4.Technique Development _____________________________________50 5.Technique Prototypes _______________________________________59 6.Technique Proposal ________________________________________ 66 7.Interim Presentation Feedback ________________________________68 8.Learning Outcome _________________________________________ 69

C 1.Design Concept • Reflection on Interim presentation feedback _________________ 72 • Detailed Site analysis ____________________________________76 • Possible access area _____________________________________ 78 • Precedent study ________________________________________80 • Form exploration _______________________________________82 • Form composition ______________________________________84 • Technique development _________________________________ 86 • Design proposal 88 2.Tectonic elements & prototypes • Construction elements __________________________________ 90 • Platform design ________________________________________92 • Water filtration analysis __________________________________94 • Prototype analysis ______________________________________ 96 3.Final detail model ___________________________________________98 • Form finding _________________________________________ 100 • Design analysis _______________________________________ 102 • Section View _________________________________________ 106 • Site models ___________________________________________108 • Final proposal ________________________________________ 110 4.Learning outcomes and Reference _____________________________ 112

Introduction

A.1. Designing Future

Shigeru Ban Architectures Shigeru Ban

ustainability is a big issue in todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s design, especially for architects. In their design projects, clients are always try ing to ask for sustainable design so that they can achieve certain marks in their buildings. ( Be it Greenmark in Singapore, LEED in USA or Greenstar in Australia ) Architects are kind of knows their responsibilities in design solutions, as we are messing up the world in our own way and sustainable is still a long way to go, designers or architects are always looking for ideas in order to contribute to the society. However, have you ever think of designing buildings in paper? You would probably asking its durability, its cost, its construction details and so on, mostly importantly, is the feasibility of idea. And with the help by Japanese architect Shigeru Ban, the answer is yes.

In fact, Ban has invented the idea of paper architecture decades ago and many of his projects are actually made of this materials called paper rolls. With different customised sizes, the building can actually be build by jointing different parts. And most importantly the materials can be recycle for other uses. Just like one of Banâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work, Japan Industry pavilion in Shanghai Expo, the building is made up of paper rolls and after the exposition, all the materials are recycled to be textbooks for Japanese primary students. This will not only reduce the amount of

Photograph : Hermers Pavilian by Shigeru Ban

wastage in architecture buildings, but also help to promote reuse of materials. Not only did Banâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work help with sustainability in architecture, he also helped may places which experienced natural disaster to rebuilt their land. And some poor states, where people are not able to afford the high expenses in building, Banâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s invention really help many of these poor people.

With the invention of paper houses, more and more cities are able to build their home with less budget, more over, these materials of paper rolls are sustainable to be recycle for further uses. Either it to be paper roll or textbook or any other kinds of products, it definitely help us to achieve a more sustainable design environment. Material exploration will therefore be a trend in the future designs.

A swirling green roof tops the gorgeous Nanyang Technical University in Singapore

hat does sustainabil ity actually means? Ma terials that is recyclable, cause of low energy, self sustain in providing energy that is require by its own, or its the proportion of greenery compare to built environment. In this project, it literally gone green. The glaze window is effectively blocking the amount of solar energy gained and avoid heat 10

ing in the interior, while the functionality of glaze is perfectly working. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Curving green roofs distinguish the building from among the other structures on campus, but the line between landscape and building is blurred. The roofs serve as informal gathering spaces, challenging linear ideas and stirring perception. The roofs create open space, insulate the building, cool the surrounding air, and harvest rainwater for landscaping irrigation. Planted grasses mix with native greenery to colonize the building and bond it to the setting.â&#x20AC;?

The greenery roof is built to function as a gathering area where students and lectures can rest, organise activities . It also helps to cool down the temperature, collecting rain water for reuse purpose. However, something that is quite contradicting is that this project is still made of concrete, cement and some other materials that is not sustainable and that defeated the purpose of sustainable design.

Photograph : Nanyang Technical University in Singapore

In my personal point of view, if a project is designed like completing a check list, then there is a lack of innovation in the design and therefore the work is less creative and the architect is limited by the design criterial instead of exploring new ways. This is actually happening to many design companies, when the clients briefs and budget are not on their side, they have less opportunities to explore other methods. However, comparing to Banâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work where he can come up with new innovations, there is still ways other architects should explore in sustainable design.

Photograph : Nanyang Technical University in Singapore Source fom Inhabit

A.2. Design Computation

Design Computation

Computational design may or may not be a limitation, it all depends on designers or the architects. Ever since John Hollandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s invention in 1960, Genetic Algorithm (GA) had become a trend, not only in architecture design but also used in solving optimism and search problems. However, architecture design is not basically With the fast pace of technology deigning the form, the function in term aesthetic, architecture development, computer have design also involve cultures, social issues and emotions. Referring become part of our life. We need back to Shigeru Banâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s designs, he did not fancy any unique forms computer to work, to study, to just for the sick of being special. instead he look at the environment communicate, to socialise and and trying to solve the problem with sustainable design. Material many other ways. Computer investment is his way for fluttering design. The argument here is to definitely brought us much conask, how far can we measure culture, believes, religions and emovenience than we expected. With tions? Can we solve these design issue with GA? the help of computer we can do things more efficient and effectively. As we keep developing, more and more inventions are found and many of them can not be succeed without the help of computer. When it comes to computational design, many people are arguing over it , will computational design limit our thoughts? Are we losing the innovation and starting to rely on the help of a man made product. 14

image: Phenomena, design by Muchael Hansmeyer From Machael Hansmeyer website

The argument here is, whether computation design being a tools that helps architects in final visualisation ? Or whether we are being lead by computers and eliminate our own thinkings. Though, computer design really help people to achieve efficiency and effectivity. For example, with the help of 3D printers and laser cutting machines, we are able to achieve many complex geometry and forms in a short period of time. Just with a machines, you will save the amount of time to construct. In the past, it may takes many years to complete. Phenomena. Designed by Benjamin Dillenburger, Demetris Shammas, is a computational architecture project of Michael Hansmeyer. Michael Hansmeyer is a leading company in searching for solutions for complex design problems. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Phenomena defies classification and elicit individual interpretation.â&#x20AC;? It is kind of addressing both our mind and visual senses. However, what stated to be an architecture project here is different form other design projects. The argument here is, beside the complexity in this design, are there any addresses on its site analysis? As stated above, architectures do not only focus on the form, it also has a concern of its environment, the culture and many other aspects of concerns. The question is this project is kind of saturable for any sites, whether its is being shifted from New York to Tokyo, there is not significant difference. Therefore, what we are concerning about the cultural expression seems to be neglected in this design. Will a Gothic church be the best solutions is China? Like what we are concerning is that computation might have much focusing aesthetic achievement but may be also neglect the expression in other aspects like culture.

Photograph: Vienna University of Economics Library and learning Centre

However, this may not always be the case. Vienna University of Economics library and learning centre is a project of Zaha Hadid. Her project has always been a argument in architecture filed. However, in comparison, Zahaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work is more of a innovation in design solutions. Difference form Phenomena, LLC has be more well expressed in designing language. A strong concerns for its surrounding, this iconic building is not just only a landmark, it also provide pedestrian an urban park in this highly dynamic and spatially very impressive building. Zaha not only focus on what this LLC might mean to the university, but also put in concerns in its neighbouring context. What strongly influence the design is the urban planing. It is right next to the fun fair ground. The campus thus needed to mitigate between the giant halls of the Messe Wien trade fair grounds to the north and Prater Park to the south.

A.3. Composition Generation

Every generation need to design their city? Is this a trend that everybody just blandly follow or it is a necessity. GA is definitely a trend in 21 century. Computational design in architecture has a profound shift in design thinking as well as design methods. Computation stimulation and multi scale analysis modelling has been helping architects in their thinkings.

It also helps with defining building problems such as a structure mechanical. As well as the lighting or thermal performances in architectures. While we are concerning that genetic algorithm may lead to much focus on visual expression and neglect other aspect of design thinkings. Instead, Photo : China pavillion for Expo Milano 2015

if the designers are not basically depending on the computational design, there should be no much problem. What I am talking about is that designers starts to loss the ability to analysis but purely relay not the softwares. Every design should be intensional, it should not look like a mistake. That is what I am afraid of algorithm design. On the other hand, when we talk about architecture. We know that architecture is not only just about space for people or for certain uses. Architecture design is complicated because it also contains concerns about the surroundings, the environment, orientation base on the nature, lightings, traffic or circulation, cultures, emotions and self-believes just to name a few. The questions come now, when we are relying computational design, do we really have concern of others aspects. If a design seems be the able to fit any sites, that will not be a good design as it can be fast replace by any other designs that suited the site.

This project embodies the theme, land of hope. As a result, Satoru started with a undulating roof form. Using modern technology, and adopting Chinese traditional timber structure, he created long spans appropriate to the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s public nature. The building ground plane is also defined by a landscape of wheat which therefore refer to china;s agrarian history. This project is a typical project that adopt the idea of computational design. Though the roof is largely represented through algorithm modelling, there is still a strong senses of chinese background. UK pavillian, shanghai expo 2010. Instead of many other pavilions who will follow architecture trend in form exploration. Designers from Heatherwick decided on texture exploration. Inspired by the grass patterns bu the wind. Designer wish to design the texture to be grass like. The outside of the building is indefinite so that no one can draw a line in between building and the sky. This project is making use of the natural and create a new understanding of architecture, that is come from the nature. It show the strong help through genetic algorithm adopt from natural and applies on design.

Ever since John Holland invented genetic algorithm in 1960, it is being a trend in many areas. People trying to find what suit the next generation, so does the architects. China pavilion for expo Milano 2015. It is designed by a computational designer Satoru Sugihara. The design is kind of against the typical notion of a cultural pavilion. Image: UK Pavillian, Shanghai expo 2010

n conclusion, genetic algorithm definitely help use with design. Here, we are not only focusing on the general ideas in terms of effectivity or ef ficiency, but looking at a design point of view. GA helps architects with their thinking. As the increasing demands by human, we are facing more and more complex design issues, computational design will help with the shift of design of the next generation. However, at the mean time, architects or designers should also not neglect the basis of architecture designing, that is architecture is not just about form exploration. Examples has show us how other architects solve the design issues with consideration on the cultural, environmental and many other aspect. Some of the design project may or may not be a fully algorithm design outcome but GA definitely shows it now potential in these projects. A.4 Conclusion

A.5/6 Learning outcomes & Algorithmic Sketches.

Learning outcomes & Algorithmic Sketches.

Algorithmic exploration help me brainstorm ideas. As architecture designs can also be inspired by the nature. Looking at natural can sometime provide ideas for designer in their design solution. The algorithmic explorations, I am able to came up with design pattern which will definitely help me in my future designs. Patterns such as animal skins or plans are always good source of inspiration. The study of patterns can be translated in architecture design, it may be a good solution in reacting to rain and sunlight. However ,these patterns may not be easy to achieve if we were to use original modelling techniques. With the help of genetic algorithm it is much easier to so the technical problems and thus always architects to achieve new level of designs.

Design studio Air Part B

eometry is the basic branch of design. In examining the relationships of each component in a design piece. Whether it is parametric or not, all designs end up being compositions of design elements or the geometries. Whether it is a point, a line, a surface or a block. The different technique we use in the design, end up the results of geometry. In the past, architects create their rules in architecture designs in different styles. A column, a window shape make a difference in different design styles. However, what was not changed was the basic geometry that define these types. In the recent decades of the design industry, the computational design has allowed us to vary in more areas. Architecture is no long a vertical extruding of plans, it is more 3D in this case. With the ability in the three-dimensional analysis of a building, we are able to design something that is more complex and therefore, solve difficult issues. Geometry allows people to better understand the connection in different parts of a building, construct a form more easily and accurately, especially with the help of computational and manufacturing techniques. It cuts down the amount of waste in design. Now, with the release of parametric design, it allows a better understandings in possibilities and potentials in a design field.

B.1 Research field: Geometry

Site analysis Design approach

Blue lines representing the water flow

Red representing human activity Green representing nature environment

he chosen area is at the lower stream of Yarra river. The water quality is not good at this region. Distinct trash and pollutants can be seen at the side of this area. However, this is a spot with potential nice views. The pedestrian way is just right beside the river. However, it is surprising, there is no connection between people and Yarra river. This good opportunity for people to get to know the river is missed. Therefore, one criteria here, is to bring people to the river and bring connection.

he other observation here is the distinct difference on both sides of the river. On one side, there is fully developed area, houses and buildings are built along the river. While on the other side, it is quiet and dead. I am personally curious what is happening on the side of the river (although I knew there is a park) but I hardly able to find a way to cross it. Therefore, the idea came, why not just bring the observation area across so that people are able to connect to both the river and the park.

Purple representing noise pollutted area

Yellow representing the suitable places for linkage

here is another reason why this is an amazing area for people to connect is the absolute quiet environment. There are two highways one both side of this region. People would found it noise when they were passing by these two areas. However, a huge difference is, this inner land is at peace, people who just passed the noisy highways will definitely enjoy a quiet place, therefore, a resting area is needed in the middle.

herefore, as a result, this yellow marked region is selected. I am proposing to build a connection structure, linking both sides of this river, diluting the density on the east side, and provide an easy cross to the people. This linkage will be different from a bridge because it will be strategically built, with spaces allowing people to get close to the water and appreciate nature. Allowing people to rest and look at nature, end up educating people the importance of taking of what they have.

Site analysis Design Issues

Areas with high water flow and fast speed. Structures need more density to withstand this strong current wave. However, having thick structure will also affect the river flow.

Areas with low water speed, structure can be spread, allowing more interaction spaces. It also decrease the amount of impact on the river, allowing the revier to function well.

On the left bottom for the picture. It reflects the current water quality of Yarrar river. Trash can be found easily in this region. It suggest a sign, this river is polluted. People deserve to know and should know the condition of their homeland. I would like to increase the awareness of Yarra riverâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s condition through my design.

Not only is this bridge a source of noise pollution. It is also a disaster for the pedestrian. This bridge now is invaded by birds, bird faeces has totally destroyed peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mood. Therefore, people would not like to stay at this area for long. However, I would not address this issue here, but I would like to acknowledge the potential in providing an alternative for people so that they do not have to deal with the unpleasant area.

As mentioned earlier, there are two highways on both North and South sides of my chosen area. They are the main source of noise for these area. Highways serve a function mainly for vehicles but not really for people. People would find 2 other bridges futher down the trip, which is about 20 mins by foot.

Look at the river for the pedestrian way. It is a peaceful and relaxing view. This area is full of potential. What I would argue here is the lack of interaction between people and river. People pass by this region every day, but why do they not noticing the quality of water. My point here is that people just take what they have for granted. People passes by this area every day may found it boring to look at, they are tending to look at other places and not caring about the river.

It will be a total waste if people missed out the opportunity to interact with this nice river. This is the area where people are just so close to the river. The distance between Yarra river and the pedestrian road would be no more than 10 metres. If we could push a bit further, people can get onto the river, cross to the other side and have fun and enjoy nature.

A distinct difference on both sides of Yarra river. As mentioned before. people tend to build their buildings on just one side of the river. It is totally fine doing so. However, I was curious on what is happening on the other side of the river. Through research, I found out there is a park on the other side, but I was struggle to reach it.

http://www.evolo.us/architecture/voltadom-installation-skylar-tibbits-sjet/ http://designplaygrounds.com/deviants/voltadom-by-skylar-tibbits/

oltaDom is an installation designed by Skylar Tibbits in 2011 for MITâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 150th Anniversary celebration and FAST art festival. It was the firm;s experiments in computational design. VoltaDom revisits the historically paramount structural element- the vault, which is the basic geometry of the entire design. The design of many vaults reminiscent of the immense vaulted roofs of noteworthy basilicas. The range of oculi infiltrates the corridor and surroundings with perspectives and light. The vaults give a thickened surface clarification, raising the significance of a doubly-twisted vaulted surface, VoltaDom attempted to extend the idea of the structural surface board. It shows an appreciation of both sculpture and research in materiality and digital fabrication. Creating spectacular visual impaction on both sides of the design. In viewing this piece of work, it is clear that a complex design can be deconstructed into simplifies pieces. With a basic geometry, it has many alternatives creating different varieties. Parametric modelling allows designers and fabricator to track each design piece and that make construction easier and faster. It also allows people to track back to its original status of the geometry and make the complex form easier to understand.

b.2 VoltaDom Skylar Tibbits

Case Study 1.0 Subsurface R: Radius H: Height D: Domain

R: 1.0 H: 0.8 D: 0-0.2

R: 1.0 H: 3.0 D: 0-0.9

R: 0.04 H: 0.7 D: 0.4-1.0

R: 0.49 H: 0.7 D: 0.4-1.0

R:1.0 H: 0.8 D: -0.6-0.0

Path Mapper {A;B+1}

Circles

R: Radius H: Height D: Domain

Polylines

R: Radius H: Height D: Domain

R: 1.0 H: 2.0 D: 0.3-1.0

R: 1.0 H: -2.0 D: 0.4-0.9

R: 0.1 H: 0.7 D: 0.4-1.0

R: 0.494 H: 0.7 D: 0.4-1.0

R: 1.0 H: 0.8 D: -0.6-0.0

R: 1.0 D: 0.0-1.0 Replace item 0.5 in Z axis

Case Study 1.0 Voronoi

R: Radius H: Height D: Domain

R: 0.01 H: 0.7 D: 0.4-1.0

R: 1.01 H: 0.7 D: 0.4-1.0

PR: 0.01 H: 0.7 D: 0.4-1.0

PR: 1.0 H: 0.8 D: -0.6-0.0

Pipe

PR: Pipe Radius H: Height D: Domain

Pipe

PR: Pipe Radius H: Height D: Domain

PR: 0.03 H: 2.0 D: 1.0-0.6

PR: 0.2 H: 0.7 D: 0.4-1.0

R: 0.082 H: 0.7 D: 0.4-1.0

R: 1.0 D: 0.5-1.1 Replace item 0.5 in Z axis

PR: 0.1 H: 0.8 D: -0.8-0.0

PR: 0.01 H: 1.0 D: 0.0-1.0

Point charge PR: 0,01 H: 0.5 D: 0.4-1.0

Loft PR: 0,7 D: 0.4-1.0

Case Study 1.0 Lunch box U Division V Division

Lunchbox Diamond U:15 V:15

Lunchbox Skewed quads U:15 V:15

Lunchbox Random Quad U:15 V:15

Lunchbox Triangle panels U:15 V:15

Lunch box U Division V Division

Lunchbox Quad panel U:22 V:21

Lunchbox Diamond panel U:15 V:15

Lunchbox Skewed panel U:15 V:15

Lunchbox Triangle panel c U:15 V:15

Case Study 1.0

he selection cretira is base on its structure, self-supporting, feasibility, impacts to the water, interation between and people and river and creativity. Each species is graded accordingly and these are the choosen pieces.

Structure: Self-supporting: Feasibility: Impacts on the water: Interaction between people and river: Creativity:

9 8 8 -2 5 3

Overall:

Structure: Self-supporting: Feasibility: Impacts on the water: Interaction between people and river: Creativity:

5 7 3 -5 3 3

Overall:

he selected pieces are at least fulfill 2 criterias. These spe me with more inspiration in the future design. Looking need according to the design brief. I can use these species to detail designs. It will, therefore, provide me with designs tha enough to be build. According to the analysis, most of the s to be built, but they are lacking creativity and not able to ad of water pollution. On top of that, the connection of each pi problem because they are all individual standing pieces. I w possible ways to create bigger piece that will cover up these

ecies provide g at what we o go into more at are feasible species are able ddress the issue iece is also a would look at issues here.

Structure: Self-supporting: Feasibility: Impacts on the water: Interaction between people and river: Creativity:

8 9 8 -1 2 3

Overall:

Structure: Self-supporting: Feasibility: Impacts on the water: Interaction between people and river: Creativity:

2 0 2 -1 7 7

Overall:

Fig from http://matsysdesign.com/category/projects/sg2012-gridshell/

ridshell was a 4-day workshop at SmartGeometry 2012, RIP, Troy, NY by Gridshell Digital Tectonics. Using straight wood lath to construct and design a wooden gridshell. It Investigate how material properties can be implanted with a parametric outline and examination situations. Through building geometric parameters, it examines wood grain introduction and thickness and their association with twisting hassles. The parametric tool helped to reduce the real life uncertainty in create such piece of work. It helps to reduce material waste in production.

Gridshell

Gridshell Digital Tectonics Basic techinique appljed for Case study 2.0

This project promotes an awareness of the research in material capabilities. It is only when we understand the potential of any material, then we can create geometry that is interesting with less material waste. Therefore, learning of the material will allow us to create designs that are more suitable. It also provides opportunity in exploring unexpected geometry forms.

Case study 2.0 London Kingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Cross Railway station

London King’s railway station

ondon King’s cross railway station is a major London railway terminus which opened in 1852 on the northern Edge of central London. King’s cross is also the southern terminus of the East coast mainline, connecting to inter-city to Yorkshire, the North East and Scotland. King’s cross is also the terminus for Great Northern which provides commuter services to North London. In 2005, a five million ponds restoration plan was announced by Network Rail. As part of this restoration programme, refurbished offices have opened on the east side f the state to replace the ones lost on the west side, and a new platform 0 opened underneath then on 20 May 2010.

Architect John McAllen’s designed the new concourse which is a considerable mark on London. The minimalist vaulted roof formed a semicircular building joined to the western side of the grade I-listed King’s cross train shed. It serves about 100,000 people moving in the area at the peak hours of the day. Space created allowing people to mill, wait and move in. The shed has the longest single compass structure in Europe, measuring 54 meters shape the middle to the periphery. The area covered by this shed is equivalent to 3 Olympic swimming pools. Architect expression is a reverse waterfall form. White steel framework swoop up starting from the earliest stage falls over in the roof toward 16 border sections in a whirlwind of 1200 strong and 1012 glass triangular boards. Emulate the great eras of British engineering. John’s design worked with the existing building, refurbished the eastern range of the buildings. It also works with he platforms including the creation of the new platform 0.Counting refilling endless ranges of the rooftop that had been secured with cloudy plastic boards. The aftereffects of this work are eminent, taking the sheds back to something like their previous eminence.

Loft Arcs

Merge Arcs

Factor:7 Z

Move

Dist:10 Point

Radius

Arc

Merge

Divide

Bang! Tree explode

Point

Curve

Point

Dist:25

Loft Division:u25 Division:v25

Dist:1

Divide arc Arc through 3 points

Lunch bo Diamond

Diamond

ox d

Diamond with Arcs

0 1 Discountinuity

Final render

Parameter 0.5 Cull

Fit lines

Evaluate length

Curve cap

Cull Wire Frame

Area

Pipe

Radius 10 Scale

ARC

Curve

0.5

Larger

Merge

Factor 0.7

Lunch box Diamond with loft

Cull of 10 points

Pipes

B.4 Techinique development T

hese interations are base on the research filed of case study 2.0. The chosen project is a composition of 3 main part. Structure, pattern and surface. In order to better understand the construction and geometry of this project. I separate the reverse enginnering into 3 part. Looking at structure, patterning and surface separately. Most of the focus is on structure. Trying to find the correct to join these frames.

Surface

Patterning

B.4 Techinique development 21

Patterning

Structure+ Waterfolw

Pattering

Combination

ike what was done earlier. The selection criteria are based on the structure design, how much consideration is there in connecting the frameworks? The ability to withstand its own weight and load from passengers. Feasibility, whether this structure can be built. How much will it hinder the water flow? How much interaction can people have with the river? And how creativity is the design. On top of that, consideration of its form, in terms of surface and structure are also part of the consideration.

he basic structure or geometry what form the direction of the look of my design. This form should meet the criteria of geometry. It should provide a form that is selfsupporting, providing a form that is feasible to be a linkage for my future design. This form should also provide some space for human nature interaction.

econd criteria are base on its feasibility, structure, connection and creativity. Look at the framework, this form is definitely able to be built. It will also able to support its own weight and some passengers. This frame can be potentially build up by beams and joints. However there isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t much excitement in this form.

he design also needs platform for people to step on it. It is ideal that one big piece above the structure. However, it will not allow many exciting things to happen to this design. The big piece will affect the water flow unless it is just above the water, however, that will be better of to be a bridge. It then will miss the point that this place should encourage people to know more about Yarra river. Therefore, I have decided to scale large piece into smaller ones. Structure: Self-supporting: Feasibility: Impacts on the water: Interaction between people and river: Creativity: Overall:

7 7 7 -5 7 5 28

Laser cutting machine

MDF board as the main material for prototype s.

Bending techniques to test the flexibility of material. So that we it come to the rematerial,I can have a idea of how it may end up looks like.

styrofoam ball Serve as a jointing for connection.

Use timber rod as the structure material

he initial idea of this design is to use timber.Timber is a material that is more flexible comparing to others. This thought is most probably influenced by the case study on grid shell.Grid shell creates tridimensional spaces Resist load trough their geometry. Grid shell is the self-supported structure where there are no additional columns or frames needed. It tested the flexibility of material (timber). Look or exploring the limit on how much these timer pieces can be bent. Back to my project, I am trying to create structures that are able to withstand its own weight, at well as the load from passenger and the water flow. Therefore, the initial idea was to use timber. Using the technique, I have learnt in case studies and create grid shell-like structures. However, in a second thought. What I am trying to design is to create a linkage on both sides of the bay, allowing people to cross the river at ease. In this case, the interaction between human, river and the linkage will occur. Timber in terms of interacting with water is definitely not a good choice. While it fulfill the criteria for a self-support structure, timber is not able to lost long in a river because of corrosion. Therefore, what would be an alternative material will be steel. In many cases we have seen steel being a basic material for structure. It certainly create geometry through bending and joining. With this in mind, I am exploring the jointing method of the steel structure. Many cause shows a repetition of simple geometry that ends up creating large forms. Taking the flexibility of steel into account, I am able to come out with jointing so that this repetition of geometry structure can be held.

B.5 Technique: Prototypes

Joins at 45 degrees. To create a small 2D joints with notches at 45 degrees each. This allows an even distribution of connections. As the frames is a repetition of the diamond shape, it is easy and straight forward way to connect beams, rods or any structural materials.

Joins at 60 degrees. In another way, looking at the geometry as a conposition of trangle piece. Triangle is the most stable geometry that allow the stucture to withstand its load and load form passangers. It also test the materality. When a rod joins, it can be bent in a certain degree before jointing to this piece. It will then, creat a smooth curve shape.

Material Flexibility This joint test the material flexobility. As show in the diagram. Rods comes in the joint will be bent toward another direction. This case, less effort is need in calculating the length of each rod. This is providing the material is flexible enough to be bent in its suitable shape.

Connection pieces This prototype, similiar to the previous one, is connecting long pieces of rod without cutting them. The theory is to bend beams into parallel directions and creat a rotating form. This ensure the material is able to self-supporting because all the rods are directing connecting to the ground.

Joins at 15 degrees. This is inspired by the styrpfoam ball. Looking at the form in 3 dimentions. This allow me to combine 2 types of joins (mentioned earlier) together. As 15 is able to make up to 45 and 60. It gives more flexibity and opportunities. I am able to use this jointing in a more plexible way, and therefore, my form is able to develop more. On top of that, this one joint can connect rods in 3 dimentions. I do not have to flip another joint to change the jointing direction.

Having forms that are made of pipes, it fulfill the requirements in making less impact on the water. Just like what was required, it also allows more visual interaction between human and the river. Therefore, people are able to notice the bad impact of the water quality. On top of that, it provides a structure that allows people to pass on, which fulfill the requirements of the linkage.

Technique: Proposal From my observation, there are 4 types of users of this area. Namely, the cyclists, joggers, dog walkers and visitors. With the most visitors, who slowly walk along the river, enjoying the view, chatting with friends and breath the nice air. Follow by the similar number of cyclist and joggers. Who mainly passes by this place at fast paces. There is nothing attractive to them. Last, the list number of dog walkers. Mainly because this area does not really welcomes pets or probably because there is a pet-friendly place in the northern area.

List of number of users within 15 minutes on Thursday afternoon ~ 2pm

7 14 5

http://www.active.com/Assets/Running/580/runner-with-nice-abs-580.jpg http://ian.umces.edu/imagelibrary/albums/userpics/10020/normal_iil-ian-jh-0053~0.jpg http://blog.making-pictures.co.uk/editorial-paul-calver-in-slovenia-for-cyclist/

B.6

Proposal site and its usage Linkage and resting area

.To create a space that allow people to get closer to the river as possible. Allowing interaction between people and Yarra river. . Providing linkage for people to cross the river at ease.

. Allowing people to look at the current water quality, acknowledge the pollution in Yarra river.

. Creating a platform for people to rest, lay down, enjoy the view and place with the water.

. Structure that is feasible to build with minimum impact on the river flow.

Interim Presentation Feedback

why not build a bridge on top? Less about flow of the water flow but more about how destructive itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d be to creek Whats the adjacent context is Justify your location further (e.g. cos thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a bridge far away so need another one) Ishigami (architect) Think about practicality Breaking up modular work, making it smaller (Cost effective) Look into your other primary ideas, (want to get close to river as possible) look at more structural analysis tools Something that takes you down to the river but then springs you back up Figure out your main points Why is it branching out in various directions Is it something that creates some opens in it to be water holes Any actual physical interactions? To what extent do you want people to engage with How people move from one bubble structure to the next?

Learning Outcome

n part B, I have learned different techniques and these techniques helped me in my design development. I am able to use different techniques to create a structure that is suitable for my design brief and able to create forms that are the way I want. I am able to look at the design into more detailings. Including the structure design. I am able to create forms or shaping that is interlocking. I also have learned using plug-ins to ease my understanding. Lunchbox is the best tool in my case, as I am able to create the interlocking forms without trouble. Before that, I have to look at the shell and start to count the numbers and always trying to find out the list order. Although I think it is for my own benefit that I have learnt quite well in terms of selecting my list and always get the points I want to choose. It is still good to look at other alternatives so that I can do the same jobs with easier ways. have also learnt how to use different kind of ways to make my model feasible so that I can make a structure or form that is able to stand.

http://assets.inhabitat.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2012/03/Kings-Cross-Station-John-McAslan-Partners-19.jpg https://cassstudio6.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/1332342445-kings-cross-28-c-john-mcaslan-and-partners.jpg http://thinkjamesphoto.com/blog?first=723813762 https://thinkjamesphoto.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/20120415-kings-cross-99-hdr.jpg Fig from http://matsysdesign.com/category/projects/sg2012-gridshell/ http://www.evolo.us/architecture/voltadom-installation-skylar-tibbits-sjet/ http://designplaygrounds.com/deviants/voltadom-by-skylar-tibbits/

C.1 Design Concept

C.1.1 Reflection on Interim presentation feedbacks

1.Why not build a bridge on top?

• The reason for putting up this platform was not only just for linkage. To build a linkage, there are two bridge on both north and south of this region, but they are much further away. It is not easy for people to explore what is happening on the other side of the river. That will acturally discourage people to appreciate the site. • We also want to bring interaction between human and nature. The rationale of bringing awareness is, we first felt it is a waste that people are walking right beside the river but not appreciating it. The river is quite polluted at its current stage. Although many strategies were done by some organisations, we believe that education is needed. We want to bring an interaction between people and Yarra river so that people will know the water quality. We wish that everyone who uses this area will appreciate the natural environment. • We are not stopping at just bringing awareness. Other than that, addressing the pollution issue. We target to design water filtration into this area. Through planting vegetation, purifying Yarra river. 2. Less about flow of the water flow but more about how destructive it’d be to creek. • In terms of putting up a platform, we definitely interrupt this place. However, the idea is to responde to the river flow.

3.What’s the adjacent context is - Justify your location further (e.g. cos there’s a bridge far away so need another one) • A more detailed site analysis (Refer to C1.1a and C1.1b) will justify the feasibility of this proposal. However, to differentiate a platform from a bridge is important. Like what has stated above, the motive is not just to put up a crossing. The importance from design this platform is to address the water issue and get closer to the river. 4.Think about practicality • The prior function of this platform is to bring interaction between people and nature, in this project-Yarra River. Therefore, the interaction between net design and the platform is important. • As we can see the water pollutions really having negative impacts on the river and local habitats. However, what surprised us is that people are actually so near to the river and not noticing this at all. At the site we have chosen, the pathway is right beside the river. This is really a waste if people use the river and not appreciating it. We implement to plant vegetations in this area to purify the water. • One thing we can do to bring awareness is platforms that trying to get people as closer to the river as possible. Through the interaction, people start to notice the water quality and start taking actions. • This is more than an educational purpose. allowing people to explore the area and appreciate the area.

5.Ishigami (architect) • Simple design and deep thoughts. • The project for air should not be just creating a grasshopper look. The importance it the thinking behind the design. This is definitely true. To differentiate design from aesthetic artwork, the feasibility of the project is the key. The forms can express emotions and beliefs, but the function give a meaning to the proposal. Going for a interesting looks is less important than looking for a meaningful design. The look is just the appearance, but the thought is the key that makes this design valued. Looking at Ishigami’s design. This might be nothing to other people at the start of the look. However, knowing the thoughts behind its design, how this table stands with the calculation of weight and materiality really make this table meaningful. • Back to this project. Searching for the right form is not important here, looking to at design brief and see how this project can be meaningful. (Getting closer to water)

http://www.iconeye.com/404/item/3544-junya-ishigami http://www.uncubemagazine.com/blog/8459247

C.1.1 Reflection on Interim presentation feedbacks

More questions to think about. Breaking up modular work, making it smaller (Cost effective) There are 3 parts of the design. The platform, the beam and the nets. All of these can be mass produced because there are repetition of the same forms. This will reduce the cost for production. Instead of producing each individual parts. All the components are the same and therefore, less effort is needed if we were to produce this piece of work. How does it engage people? Do you bring people right to the waters edge? Play with them? We came up a idea, inspired by the project, the reading net. What is interesting about this nets is that it encourage people to use it different ly and creatively. The net is tengible and allows people to bounce around. One can decide to sit, to lie on, to walk on and to jump around. The net is allows people to look through, but provide safety to people at the same time. Since the platforms are not jointed, people can use this net as one way to get across. At the same time, it also bring people to slow down at this area and having opportunity to rest and relax.

Can people dive in and the structure beneath the water is just as beautiful as on top? Do you create swimming holes? No, people will not be encourged to dive into the river. First of all, it is not advicable to swim in the river for safety issue. Second, it is not encouraged to stay in the water for long because the river is already polluted. We could not ensure the quality of the water is good enough for people to swim in. We do intent to encourage people to interact with the water, but not to the extent that they will emerge their whole body in it. We are more encouraging people to observe the water quality, and be concerned with its quality at current stage. Look into your other primary ideas, (want to get close to river as possible) look at more structural analysis tools - Something that takes you down to the river but then springs you back up. We found the idea of using nets, and this has already been stated before. What is the scale of the form, is it appropriate to the river? We have now setted rules for our designs. The radius of each platform will be between 1-3 meters and the distance will be no more than half a meter between two platforms. The river is about 15-20 meters wide. We are designing the form dignally, which means the distance will be longer.

Is it a modular form? Is this apporopritate? Perhaps work on a couple of small detailed connections and do them really well. The new design will be a modular form that is base on a set of rules and regulations. For example, the size of each platforms. The beams will definitely be a mass production of a defination and being prepeated throughout the design. This will allows a more affordable prices as each of the form is the same and less manpower is needed to make this production. The form is designed to minimise the use of small jointings. Instead, it is made of simple geometry and constructed by sloting each beams. The design allows a simple construction because each jointing parts are within the form itself and no other extra joints is needed to make the entire structure stand.

Articles that wrote about the quality of the river at current stage.

http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/heavy-metal-and-grunge-thetoxic-mess-in-the-yarra-river/story-fni0fit3-1227051919966

C.1.2a Detailed site analysis

C.1.2b Possible access area. Possible linkage that allows people to explore theis area.

Possible linkage that allows people to explore theis area.

C.1.3 Precedent study

response to the pratical issues. We found this precedent study. in the design brief, we are targeting to bring people to get to water as close as possible. At the same time, brainstorming ways to provide safety protection so that people can use the linkage safely. As the platforms are not always jointing together, it is possible for use to join this net under the platforms . The precedent project is called the Reading Net, designed by the creative stuido Playoffice. This project provide a area that encourage learning and playing to happen together. Young readers are encouraged to select a few of their favourite book, they can choose the best position they want to read these books. At the same time, their parent can still observe them and have interaction with them. This provide a more flexible environment as the user can chose their favourite positions on the net. Kids can read their books and bounce around for a break. This precendent provie us with a good solution to address the issues we use to have. To provide safety and allows people to get as close to the river as possible.. The reading net is suitable for our project because it is first stable, as we can see on from the precedent project, people can actually do many kind of things on it. It is believed to be stable and safe for people to site, walk and lie on it. It is also suitable for our project because the material is tengable. It allows people to interact with water as people can bounce around on the net.

http://www.mymodernmet.com/profiles/blogs/playoffice-reading-net

C.1.3 Form exploration

geographic, we have learnt that erosion always occured at the corner of the river band. In theis case, we have marked out these area in green. These areas are generally experiencing higher water speed and higher water valumn. When water flow through these areas, the current speed is high, the water wave is stronger, and if we were to put anything in its way, we should make sure they are strong enough to withstand the force. When the water flows from the waterfall, it will hit the the first turn and bounce to the east. In the picture (right below), we could see that the chosen area is experiencing strong current on the east side. Therefore, the structure needs to be strong enough to with stand the current and the load from its users.

http://www.mymodernmet.com/profiles/blogs/playoffice-reading-net 82

ince the water flow have different water speed and force, it is important to understand the water flow and react toward it. We can to minimise the use of beams to less interfer the river. As the current is stronger on the east, stronger beams are needed to hold the structure, as well as the weight of itself. In the picture (Top), we aim to have stronger and thicker beams on the east side. These beams (marked in red) will hold more than one platforms and they will be group together. These thicker beams will affect the river more and that lead to design of tructures ( which will be analyse in the next chapter) The picture on the bottom explains the formation of beams structure. We can see, in order to minimise the impact on the river, we clustered a few platforms and use thicker and wider beams on the east side, while the the west side still remain separated and individual platforms. Blue lines represent the water flow and its interaction with these new structure.

C.1.4 Form Composition

his design consist of three parts, the platforms, the beams and the nets. each of these structures are designed with grasshopper.

The form is generated with metaballs. It is dense on one side and spread out on the other. This design is based on the analysis of water flow. The flat form serves a linkage for people to cross. It is intensionably designed to be separate to bring peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s attention. People need to explore their rount and therefore explore the site. They can actually stop for a while and enjoy the site. The form of this linkage stops peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s pace, allowing them to rest, hang out and have a leisure time in their busy life. The second part of the design is the structural supporting beams. It basically serves two purpose. Providing support fot the platform and spaces for the plants. Plants will serve the function for purifying the water, which is one of our objectives at the start. Here, we applied out technique learnt in PartA and Part B. The cone shape form is divides and piped to ge the form. Last but not the least, the net. The net is a intersting part of this design because it add on more interaction for people to explore the river. People can have more fun above the net instead of just crossing the river. The net also provide safety for its passangers. The form can be generate in grasshopper by Kangaroo. Using uforce to simulate the gravity.

Platfrom (Linkage)

Platfrom (Awareness & Safety)

Platfrom (Structure &Filtration) 85

C.1.5 Technique development

Generate a field of random data points

Apply metaball function to these points to generate the best suitable layout.

Trim off the platform shape from a rectangle plane

Generate a square grid as a base mesh and project the mesh onto the remaining plane

Generate the circles from given point. Create the top and bottom curve forms.

Divide the curves for even amount of data points.

Extrude and cap the generated forms to create a solid base platform

Use the data tree and cull out the some of the points

Create circles from the remaining points and trim off from the platforms.

Generate a simulation of downwards pull force applied to the mesh using Kangaroo

Generate geodesic curves from these points

Pipe the generated curve

Generate circles using the same points, extrude curves for the base beams

C.1.5 Design proposal • • • • •

There are 3 part of this design. 1. Linkage between Yarra river. 2. Awareness 3. Addressing water pollution issue. To build a linkage, there are two bridge on both north and south of this region, but they are much further away. It is not easy for people to explore what is happening on the other side of the river. That will acturally discourage people to appreciate the site. • The rationale of bringing awareness is, we first felt it is a waste that people are walking right beside the river but not appreciating it. The river is quite polluted at its current stage. Although many strategies were done by some organisations, we believe that education is needed. We want to bring an interaction between people and Yarra river so that people will know the water quality. We wish that everyone who uses this area will appreciate the natural environment. • Other than that, addressing the pollution issue. We target to design water filtration into this area. Through planting vegetation, purifying Yarra river.

he section on the left shows the clear difference on both side of the river. On one side, it is fully developed while on the other side we could find less people. We are not trying to encourage to clear the land on the west, but we are trying to bring more connections on both side of the river. There are many interesting places on the other side of the river but we could not see them unless we travel for another 2km to reach the bridge. It is really a waste of time and a water of opportunity to get people reflect on the current quality of Yarrar River.

C.2 Construction Elements

Platform made of circular timber that is custormized in one puece. Each platform is comsist of 8 circular holes that allows beam structure to be slot in. There is a circulat void at the center of the platform which will allow plants to grow through and allows people to oberserve the plats or vegetation that will purify the river.

8 repeated arched beams that is open at the top and closed at the bottom. Each beam consists of two extruded tubes on both head and foot od the beam, that will join in the plat froms and support the load.

A smaller platform that is made of metal because it will then, possible to be smerged under water. It consist of 8 smaller holes that will forsten the structures. The platdorm is thicker in size because the center is hollowed to provide spaces for vegetations.

The thick beam is the made of solit metal, mainly for load bearing. It is extruded on both sides with a small plate slightly nearer to the top part.

C.1.1c Platform Design

Structure analysis

o create a strong structure that is able to bare the load of its users and the force form water, at the same time not obstruct the water so much. We came out with this captical form. Platform is supported be 8 semi-circulat beams. And merge into one thick beam. The capital is half way slote into the river. The top part is above the water to minimise its interfferance in the river because it is parge in surface area.The beam is in the water because it is small in surface area but strong in structure. Weight comes from the platform will be bared by each of the smaller beams and then transfered into the thicher beams.

Components of a platform

he first layer is the platform which is generally made of timber. The second part is the beams that are sloted into the platform and another circular jointing . The Jointing is hollow in the middle, providing spaces for vegetation that will purify the water. The last part it the load bearing beam .

C.2.1 Water filtration analysis

http://www.ser.org/resources/resources-detail-view/ecological-restoration-a-means-of-conserving-biodiversity-and-sustaining-livelihoods http://www.play-with-water.ch/d4/index.cfm?pageNo=6&systemNo=3&eksperimentNo=30 3&language=en

egetation grow in the river bed, do also affect the river flow. it will slow down the river current speed and provide sedimentation processes of dissolved particles. Reeds and other water plants also favour microbiological decomposition of organic materials and toxic substances in providing oxygen to the micro organisms living in the sludge of the river bed. FTWs have been studied for removal of total nitrogen, ammonia, phosphorus, BOD and TSS, all parameters of concern for a healthy aquatic ecosystem.

http://blog.dhec.co.za/2012/06/floating-wetlands-help-boost-nitrogen-removal-in-lagoons/

C.2.2 Prototype analysis

tructure wise, this prototype is made by 3d print, exactly like what was originally planned. The plat is perfectlly supported by the beams and provide a self standing geometry. The photos show the test of interaction between platform beams and the water. We uses colour dye to simulate the water flow and explore how it will be affected by the beams.

C.3 Final detailed model

eams are tightened up with strings. These strings forsten the structures from shaking and changing. They are weavon through the beams and as well as the nets and make the design into one piece.

ets are right below the platforms and tight against the beams, allowing the form to be jointed into one and not leaving too much gaps. This is providing safety issue.

ection view of the construction method of mets and platfrom beams. Strings used to reinforce the beams are incorported with the nets.

C.3.1a Form Finding 1. Spaces are separated ftom each other. Breaking down peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s movement. Allowing now slow movement. Allowing more appreciation to happen as people slows down. However, not possible for cyclists.

2. Platforms are jointed in 2 or 3s. Allowing minimum continous movement to happen in a small scales. The distinct difference on 2 sides of the linkage starts to show, although it is not identical yet.

3. More platforms are clustered together, allowing a diversity of movements. People can decide on their routes. Different route will allow different levels of interactions between people and the river. However, the form shows no relevance with the river flows. 100

4. The idea of creating diversity of movements starts to show. Platforms that stands alone will require its users to pay more attention. Clustered platforms allows higher moverment speed, allowing cyclists to cross over. However, this clustered platforms is located in the middle of the river, it does not show much responsed to river flows. 5. Diversity of movement can be seen. Two distinct difference of the forms on both sides of the linkage shows a response to water flow. Clustered group is almost achieved but still not perfect for cyclists. We might need intensional joints to create one continuos path.

6. Clustered platforms are all jointed together, it is possible to create continuos route but the diversity of movements start to lose. The is no response to the river and the form starts to tell less stories of the projects.

101

C.3.1b Design analysis

Funvtion allocation and design analysis

he platform is generated bu metalballs. Like what has already mentioned earlier in the previous chapters. The platform is intentionally split into 2 parts. While one is condense and jointed and the other is split. The dense area is jointed and therefore, stronger to with stand the high current flow. Most filtration plants (Green marked) are located at the dense area because more filtration will be filter out at these area.This is because high current speed means more water will flow through these areas. Some seats (Red marked) are located in the center area because the large amount of jointed spaces. it also allows people to rest and enjoy the view will traveling these area.

102

Circulation and entrance analysis

e marked out some possible ways showing how people might use and cross this linkage. (marked in oranged lines) These does not imply that people have to use this linkage in the suggested ways. Straight lines indicated people can walk and pass this area in a fairly higher speed because the platform are in one piece. Dished line means people will need to slow down their speed and walk with cares. This is intentionally designed because we what people to slow down and enjoy the view. At the same time, allowing them to appreciate the site while enjoying the nice environment.

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C.3.2 Design analysis

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105

C.3.3 Section view

106

107

C.3.4 Models

C.3.5 Final proposal

110

111

C.3.6 Learning Outcome

part C, we are developing our skill from geometry to more advance level. We have learnt how to use kangaroo to creat a nets that react to gravity. We have also use new components like pop2dD and metaballs. From there, we incorperate our skills learnt from previous parts. Producing beams from each of the poin and create strucutres that suitsour need. We also explored some ways to use 3D printer to create our prototype and test if it is stable to be built. We also explore many ways to work with the actural structure and explore the ways to weavon through the nets and strings. From the feedbacks, we came up more detailed analysis on the site, looking at the neighbourning context, We explore the water flow, to look at waht will suitable allow us to come up with the forms. We have been disccusing on our usage of the platform. Looking at the ieades we have and selecting some that are relevant and possible to be incorrporate into one. We end up coming up with 3 use of the platform where we can actually work with, not only the rational behind it, but allow the feaibility to be designed in grasshopper. We also have a study on what would be a possible way to filter the water and improve the water quality. This idea was abondon at part B, but we decided to get it back, and we end up found a possible way that is to use vegetation as a media to purify the water. We then use the platform to be the base for these vegetation to grow.

112

Reference

http://www.mymodernmet.com/profiles/blogs/playoffice-reading-net http://www.iconeye.com/404/item/3544-junya-ishigami http://www.uncubemagazine.com/blog/8459247 http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/heavy-metal-and-grunge-thetoxic-mess-in-the-yarra-river/story-fni0fit3-1227051919966 http://www.ser.org/resources/resources-detail-view/ecological-restoration-a-means-of-conserving-biodiversity-and-sustaining-livelihoods http://www.play-with-water.ch/d4/index.cfm?pageNo=6&systemNo=3&eksperimentNo=30 3&language=en http://blog.dhec.co.za/2012/06/floating-wetlands-help-boost-nitrogen-removal-in-lagoons/

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