Maximum Yield USA October 2013 by Maximum Yield

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Autumn Action Issue:

SELECTING ORGANIC FUNGICIDES CREATING SOLAR GREENHOUSES AVOIDING TOMATO LEAF ROLL MAXIMUM YIELD’S

LONG BEACH

CALIFORNIA OCTOBER 26-27, 2013

maximumyield.com

indoorgardeningexpo.com

6 4 146 FEATURES

CONTENTS October 2013

134

46 Controlling the Curl by Frank Rauscher

54 Build Your Own Solar Greenhouse by Madelyn Ritrosky and Charles Winslow

60 Chelation Effect by Molly Sweitzer

66 Fighting Fungi the Organic Way by Eric Hopper

76 Getting Physical with Worms by Dr. J. Benton Jones, Jr.

84 Manage Nutrients with Plant Tissue Testing by Donald Lester

96 Success with LED Grow Lights

by Angela Lundmark

116 104 Understanding Genetically Modified Organisms by Grubbycup

116 Try Growing Your Own Wasabi by Dr. Lynette Morgan

134 The Next Best Thing by Russell Landry

146 Growing Media Part I

by Dr. Mike Nichols and Damian Duggan-Jones

158 A Beginner’s Guide to Product Labels Part II by Matt LeBannister

164 How to Winter Peppers by Heather Rhoades

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

DEPARTMENTS 12

From the Editor

132

Beginner’s Corner

MaximumYield.com

144

Green Thumb Gardening

Letters to the Editor

168

10 Facts On

Ask the Experts

170

Talking Shop

MAX Facts

172

You Tell Us

Product Spotlight

174

Max Mart

Avant Gardening

176

Distributors

114

Growing for Health

192

Coming up in November

FROM THE EDITOR | Linda Jesson Now that it’s cooling off in many parts of the country, it’s time to start thinking about a shift in your growing routines. In this issue you’ll find some great features on the best ways to over-winter your strawberry and pepper plants, and a few ways you can preserve your harvest for months to come. Find tips on avoiding tomato leaf roll, and see why tissue testing for nutrient levels in your plants is an important, yet often overlooked practice. We’ve also included articles on selecting the most effective organic fungicides and growing media, and a how-to guide to growing wasabi indoors. from the Matt LeBannister returns with part two of “A Beginner’s Guide to Product Labels” and this time he’s talking about lighting. It’s an important article that pairs nicely Linda Jesson with Angela Lundmark’s tips in “Success With LED Grow Lights”. There’s a lot more covered in this jam-packed issue, such as how to use garden cloches and understanding parts per million, and combined with our popular product spotlights and interesting Max Facts, we have you covered for ensuring your best fall crops ever! Be sure to take the time to attend the final stop on our Grow Like a Pro Tour in Long Beach, California, on October 26 to 27. Held at the beautiful Long Beach Convention Center for the fourth year running, this expo provides an ideal location with the perfect mix of culture and climate. Industry experts will be showcasing their favorite products of the year as well as unveiling much of what’s to come in 2014. Visit indoorgardenexpo.com for special accommodation rates, exhibitor lists, free VIP tickets and more. Thank you all for the ongoing loyalty and excellent feedback we’ve been receiving. Please continue to share your thoughts with us at editor@maximumyield.com

Message Editor

VOLUME 14 – NUMBER 7 October 2013 Maximum Yield is published monthly by Maximum Yield Publications Inc. 2339A Delinea Place, Nanaimo, BC V9T 5L9 Phone: 250.729.2677; Fax 250.729.2687 No part of this magazine may be reproduced without permission from the publisher. If undeliverable please return to the address above. The views expressed by columnists are a personal opinion and do not necessarily reflect those of Maximum Yield or the editor.

Publication Agreement Number 40739092 Printed In Canada PRESIDENT/PUBLISHER - Jim Jesson GENERAL MANAGER - Don Moores BUSINESS MANAGER - Linda Jesson editorial editor@maximumyield.com Editor-in-chief Linda Jesson Assistant Editor Julie McManus Assistant Editor Jennifer McGarrigle ADVERTISING SALES Sales Manager Ilona Hawser - ilona@maximumyield.com Account Executives Kelsey Hepples - kelsey@maximumyield.com Katie Montague - katie@maximumyield.com Jed Walker - jed@maximumyield.com Taylor Doyle - taylor@maximumyield.com DESIGN & PRODUCTION ads@maximumyield.com Art Director Alice Joe Graphic Designers Jennifer Everts Dionne Hurd Jesslyn Gosling ACCOUNTING Tracy Greeno - accounting@maximumyield.com USA DISTRIBUTION Aurora Innovations • BWGS • General Hydroponics Humbolt Wholesale • Hydrofarm National Garden Wholesale/Sunlight Supply • Nickel City Wholesale Garden Supply • R&M Supply • Tradewinds CANADIAN DISTRIBUTION Brite-Lite Group • Biofloral • Eddis Wholesale • Greenstar Plant Products Inc. • MegaWatt • Quality Wholesale UK DISTRIBUTION Direct Garden Supplies • Growth Technology • Future Harvest Development Europe • Dutch Bio Power Nutriculture UK • Dutch Pro • Maxigrow AUSTRALIAN DISTRIBUTION Dome Garden Supply • House N Garden • Futchatec • Growth Technology

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

contributors

Become a Maximum Yield contributor and have your articles read by 250,000 readers throughout USA, Canada, UK, Europe, New Zealand and Australia. Maximum Yield is the largest free-to-consumer indoor gardening magazine in the world. Every issue is available on maximumyield.com, which has thousands of unique visitors monthly.

Dr. J. Benton Jones, Jr. has 50

Grubbycup has been an avid indoor

Eric Hopper has more than 10 years of experience in the hydroponic industry as both a retail store manager and owner. He continuously seeks new methods and products that could help maximize garden performance. Eric resides in Michigan where he and his family strive for a self-sufﬁcient and sustainable lifestyle.

Russell Landry is the former vice

Matt LeBannister developed a green thumb as a child, having been born into a family of experienced gardeners. During his career, he has managed a hydroponic retail store and represented leading companies at the Indoor Gardening Expos. Matt has been writing articles for Maximum Yield since 2007. His articles are published around the world.

Donald Lester is the product manager

Dr. Lynette Morgan holds a B.

Dr. Mike Nichols is a retired

Molly Sweitzer has a B.F.A. and B.S. from Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, and most recently studied life in the soil with Dr. Elaine Ingham at the Rodale Institute. Currently Molly works as the manager of the Companion Plant in Kutztown, Pennsylvania, and is the owner of Molly Pollen Botanical Design.

Charles Winslow, CEO of GW

years of experience growing plants hydroponically. He is an Emeritus Professor at the University of Georgia, Athens and has authored eight books and written articles for magazines that deal with hydroponic issues. He currently has his own consulting company, Grosystems, Inc. Dr. Jones lives in Anderson, SC, USA.

gardener for more than 20 years. His articles were ﬁrst published in the United Kingdom, and since then his gardening advice has been published in French, Spanish, Italian, Polish, Czech and German. He is also considered one of the world’s leading authorities on crochet hydroponics.

president of the Great Pumpkin Commonwealth and its competitive weigh-off sites held worldwide. He is now the current president of the Giant Vegetable Growers of Ontario (gvgo.ca). Russ grows giant pumpkins, tomatoes and squash. He has written numerous articles featuring methods to increase vegetable size and fruit yield.

Hort. Tech. degree and a PhD in hydroponic greenhouse production from Massey University, New Zealand. Lynette is a partner with SUNTEC International Hydroponic Consultants and has authored ﬁve hydroponic technical books. Visit suntec.co.nz for more information.

Angela Lundmark is the editor

of the LED Gardener, a monthly columnist for Garden & Greenhouse and CEO of LED Grow Master Global, LLC. Do you need ideas on how to make your garden more efﬁcient? Call Toll Free 1-866-414-7244 or visit online at led-grow-master.com

Frank Rauscher is a certiﬁed

horticulturist and consultant for the gardening industry. He’s a contributing author to several publications and was writer and editor of the Green Pages. Frank finds analyzing plant stress and finding solutions exciting. He is very much at home bringing new ideas to the field of horticulture and indoor gardening.

at JH Biotech, a commercial fertilizer manufacturer with 28 OMRI-certiﬁed organic products. Donald has a master’s degree in agronomy with more than 10 years of agricultural research experience and 50 scientiﬁc publications to his credit. He is also director of SaferGro Laboratories, a home and garden products company located in Ventura, California. university lecturer and an honorary research associate in the College of Sciences at Massey University, New Zealand. He speaks extensively at conferences for international organizations such as the United Nations, and also writes and consults on a range of intensive horticultural topics. Worldwide LLC, has a BS from Cal Poly. He has been principal in multiple start-ups and expansions including BWGS/Sunleaves, Penhall International, Furrows. He currently works with international companies developing JV’s, Co-ventures, and new technologies for energy reduction for horticulture, lighting, and building. Contact gw.worldwide@yahoo.com

COMING UP ON THE WEB Maximum Yield’s Hydrolife Author Archives Has a particular Maximum Yield contributor October/November Issue caught your eye recently? Look them up Available Now using our online author archives. Simply visit In the current issue of Hydrolife you’ll find information on the benefits of getting more sleep and heavy metal detoxification. We also feature an interview with pro snowboarder Iris Lazz, and we catch up with the Longboard Girls Crew. You won’t want to miss this edition of Hydrolife, which also features a detailed article teaching you how to pick out the perfect mountain bike, a column on how to get your snowboard ready for the season and more. Hydrolife October/November is available online now at myhydrolife.com and at nearby skate, surf, bike and grow shops.

Meet the Team Throughout 2013 there have been a few changes at the Maximum Yield office, including the addition of some great people to the team. To learn more about our current roster, check out maximumyield.com/about-us

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

maximumyield.com/resources/author-archive

Four More Chances to Win I’m a Fan Contest Tell us why you are a fan of Maximum Yield and you could win monthly prizes of a $100 gift card to your favorite indoor gardening shop, and also have a chance at the grand prize of a $1,000 gift card to your favorite indoor gardening shop. Visit maximumyield.com to enter online and to read some of the great responses we’ve received so far. Contest closes December 14, 2013.

Free Digital Subscription Receive Maximum Yield in your inbox every month. Simply subscribe to the digital edition of Maximum Yield by filling out the form at maximumyield.com/subscriptions

Free VIP Passes to the Long Beach Expo Plan to attend the last stop on the 2013 Maximum Yield Indoor Gardening Grow Like a Pro Expo tour on October 27. This world-class event will be a combination indoor gardening and hydro life expo featuring leading experts from the hydro, snow, surf, skate and bike industries. Stay tuned to indoorgardenexpo.com where you’ll soon be able to download and print free passes to Sunday’s public day. Long Beach promises to be an informative expo filled with a ton of freebies and fun.

Scan It Connect to maximumyield.com instantly from your smartphone with our Quick Response (QR) Code found on the cover of every issue of Maximum Yield.

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Eighth I’m a Fan Winner Announced

Glendon Warner from South Carolina is the eighth winner of Maximum Yield’s I’m a Fan Contest! Glendon said, “Last week I was shopping at my local garden store and saw the free copy of this magazine. I was blown away by all the information, articles and tips, not to mention a ton of manufacturer and product information I was never even aware of! I have fallen in love with this Glendon Warner perfect publication; I have read the past six issues already and can’t wait for the next issue! This magazine is perfect for me and I’m so glad I saw the copy and took it home.” Thank you for your great response, Glendon, and congratulations on winning Maximum Yield’s eighth I’m a Fan contest! We hope you enjoy your $100 gift certificate at your favorite indoor gardening shop, The Green Thumb in Greenville, South Carolina. Tell us why you’re a fan of Maximum Yield and you could be the next winner. Visit maximumyield.com for full contest details. Ladies, the men have spoken, and now we want to hear why you are also fans of Maximum Yield. Write in and win! Email your responses to editor@maximumyield.com

Great Article

The August 2013 issue of Maximum Yield had great articles, especially the one by Dr. Lynette Morgan [“Root Restriction in Hydroponics,” pg. 134]. I hope everyone carefully reads what she says. I also agree that root mass is not correlated with plant growth; what one wants are functional roots. My hydroponic growing systems are also designed to stabilize root growth. Those who would equate root size or volume with plant health and yield need to carefully read what Dr. Morgan has to say on this subject—great article, and I fully agree with what she says. Dr. J. Bentons Jones Jr.

Hello MY

I have a question about an article from April 2013, written by Helene Isbell [“Simply Silica”, pg. 94]. In the article she writes, “Since there are so many brands of silica in the horticulture industry, it may be tough to decide which one to use. It is wise to choose one with a high concentration of silicon dioxide so that a little bit goes a lot further.” I’m having a hard time finding products containing silicon dioxide. Did the author mean potassium silicate? Ollie Helene’s Response: The silica product that I was indirectly referring to in that article was Mad Farmer’s Silica Shield. It is derived from potassium silicate but contains silicon dioxide (8%). Not all product labels will list the same info even if they contain the same ingredients. Another popular product with a high percentage is Protekt by Dyna Gro. Hope this helps! Helene Isbell

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

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We recently asked our Facebook fans for their thoughts on David Kessler’s article from August 2013, “Genetic Modification of Flavor and Aroma in Fruits and Flowers: Is the Future GMO?”

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We think the concern about GMO crops isn’t that they don’t taste as good as non-GMO crops, which is still true. It’s about what these GMO crops are doing to our bodies. We need to understand the health ramifications first. Remember, before they were trying for better Cents andCents Centsyields Cents Centsresistance, Cents andCents aromas flavors,Cents it was higher and pest neither of those panned out.

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There is no doubt that we need to select desirable traits and add them to our produce—it’s about how and from what source. Selective breeding is a natural but time consuming process. We have Centsa wayCents Centsmanipulate Cents Cents Cents found to manually through Cents artificialCents pollination. Genetic modification is a quick laboratory process. Both can result in undesirable outcomes. What I am concerned with is the source of the laboratory genetic modifications. Splicing in the genetics of bacteria and bugs into our fruit and vegetable seeds is something that would never happen in the wild. If source genetics were strictly allowed from other plant material only, I may be more accepting.

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Christian

We want to hear from you! Maximum Yield Publications Inc. Snail-mail: 2339 Delinea Place, Nanaimo, BC V9T 5L9 Email: editor@maximumyield.com Twitter: twitter.com/max_yield Facebook: facebook.com/MaximumYield

ASK The Experts I have had no luck finding out how to prepare hydro strawberry runners for refrigeration. I have accumulated about 70 of them now; roots are plenty big enough to go right back into the system after refrigerating, but I don’t know if I should cut off the leaves at all. Should I leave one or two leaves for nourishment once they come out of refrigeration and go into the hydro system? What should they be stored in to keep roots moist? I’m planning on using coco coir for the medium but should I instead just get some 1-gal. plastic bags and punch small holes so they can breathe, but keep moisture in? These runners are from a mother plant and a few months old and have to have a cold stage so they will produce when I take out of fridge. Thank you!

Celeste It is quite easy to winter-over strawberry runners. They should be placed in a heavy, clear plastic bag. Personally, I would divide them into several bags and there should be no moisture on runners or in bags. This is extremely important as bags will be loosely tied and any moisture can possibly cause water build-up, which can lead to rot in the bag. Most importantly, place runners in a microbial solution. The solution is important because it will keep the new roots healthy. Directions will explain. I would definitely leave the bag open just as you would do if you were trying to fool fall bulbs such as tulips, daffodils, hyacinths and crocus into thinking that they went through a winter. Keep bags in the fridge for five months as you want to fool the runners into thinking they have gone through a winter. They can then be put back into their hydroponic home and begin to grow, and with good fertilizers the runners will produce fruit. Hope this will help.

Helena de Paola | Co-owner of Indoor Outdoor Gardener retail store in Brooklyn, New York Many large European hydroponic production facilities utilize strawberry stolons as their means of yearly production. By treating these stolons as annuals they are able to gain early and bountiful fruit production compared to that of seed started plants; however, storing stolons at home comes with a whole host of issues. Strawberries are already susceptible to a large amount of fungal and bacterial diseases that are often proliferated in high humidity and medium temperature situations such as refrigeration. Although not recommended, if you find yourself in a situation that would require the storage of these stolons, sanitation is of utmost importance. Gloves should be worn and all cutting utensils should be sanitized, strawberries should also not be stored with any other type of fruit that has a possibility of spreading diseases such as pears or apples. When preparing the stolons for refrigeration, the bare roots should be covered if present. This can be done with a cocoa substrate or something similar such as sand or clean wood chips. A majority of the plant’s foliage should be removed, leaving a couple of larger stems or undeveloped bud sites. This will help reduce a build-up of moisture and susceptibility to disease. A balance must be found between preventing the stolons from desiccating and being so wet that they rot. The storage substrate’s moisture level should be periodically checked and any diseased stolons should be immediately removed. With this being said, as a general rule I would recommend purchasing new, clean, disease-free plant starts on a yearly basis to guarantee maximum crop productivity.

Maxwell Salinger | Research horticulturist at CropKing Inc. in Lodi, Ohio

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

Helena de Paola

(right)

nger Maxwell Sali

MAX FACTS

hydroponic news, tips and trivia

Fire Ant Venom as Natural Fungicide Red imported fire ants are known for having a strong, painful and persistent sting, but new research indicates this venom may have a positive effect when it comes to managing crop pathogens. Scientists with the United States Department of Agriculture have found that certain alkaloid compounds in the venom can hinder the growth of the crop pathogen Pythium ultimum, which causes damping-off diseases that decay the seeds and seedlings of vegetable, horticultural and cucurbit crops. (Source: ars.usda.gov)

MAXFACTS

hydroponic news, tips and trivia Extra Money Means More Veggies A little extra money goes a long way when it comes to helping lowincome families improve their shopping habits and eat healthier foods. A United States Department of Agriculture pilot program found that people on food stamps who received financial incentives to eat certain foods ate 25% more produce—or an extra fifth of a cup per day—than those who did not. About 7,500 families in Hampden County, Massachusetts, were randomly assigned to receive 30 cents back for every federal food stamp dollar spent on certain produce. About 70% of those given refunds said they felt that fruits and vegetables had become more affordable. (Source: in.reuters.com)

Grapes Aplenty California raisin grape growers are expected to have a bumper crop this year, says the United States Department of Agriculture. Raisin-type grape harvests are forecast at 2.4 million tons, up 25.5% from 2012. Federal officials say weather conditions have been ideal for grape development and the 2013 crop is shaping up to be the largest since 2008. (Source: fresnobee.com)

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

MAX FACTS

hydroponic news, tips and trivia

Atomic Insights into Plant Growth New research has revealed that a plant membrane receptor requires a helper protein to sense a growthpromoting steroid hormone and to transduce this signal across the cell membrane. The plant steroid receptor BRI1, which can sense a small steroid hormone promoting plant growth, belongs to the family of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor kinases, which are responsible for most membrane signalling events in plants. It was previously shown that BRI1 directly binds the small steroid hormone with its LRR-domain at the cell surface. Research now shows BRI1 requires a helper protein to correctly sense the hormone and transduce the signal across the membrane. The helper SERK1 is a known player in the brassinosteroid signalling pathway. SERK1 contributes directly to the formation of the hormone binding pocket, with both proteins interacting with the hormone. (Source: sciencedaily.com)

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

How Plants Avoid Sunburn Too much or too little sunlight or rapidly fluctuating light conditions cause stress to plants, which have sophisticated control systems to utilize light energy for photosynthesis and simultaneously protect themselves from sunburn from bright sunlight. Plants perform these regulations mainly by regulating nuclear gene expression, and multiple intracellular signaling pathways have been shown to play a role in the genomic response of plants to stress, but the processes are not well understood. Researchers are looking into a group of transcription factors called heat shock transcription factors that are responsible for fast responses of plants to changes in light intensity—from light conditions that are optimal for photosynthesis to bright light that causes sunburn. The transcription factors, which are proteins that control the flow of genetic information, generate an enzyme responsible for detoxifying harmful molecules, which accumulate under bright light. (Source: sciencedaily.com)

MAX FACTS

hydroponic news, tips and trivia

Scientists Monitor Soil from Space Researchers at the United States Department of Agriculture may have their feet on the ground, but theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re also the go-to experts when it comes to interpreting data from space. In 2002, Agricultural Research Service scientists established soil moisture monitoring networks in four long-term experimental watersheds to verify the accuracy of soil moisture data collected by satellites orbiting Earth. Since then, researchers have continuously monitored soil moisture levels in these watersheds every hour and have verified that the soil moisture data collected by a new Earth-orbiting satellite launched by the European Space Agency approached a 95% rate of accuracy. (Source: ars.usda.gov)

Seedless Fruit In botany and horticulture, parthenocarpy (literally meaning virgin fruit) is the natural or artificially induced production of fruit without fertilization of ovules. The fruit is therefore seedless. Parthenocarpy occasionally occurs as a mutation in nature, yet it is usually considered a defect, as the plant can no longer sexually reproduce but may propagate by asexual means. However, parthenocarpy of some fruits on a plant may be of value. Seedlessness is a desirable trait in edible fruit with hard seeds such as pineapples, bananas, oranges and grapefruits. Parthenocarpy is also desirable in fruit crops that may be difficult to pollinate or fertilize, such as tomato and summer squash. Parthenocarpy is undesirable in nut crops, such as pistachios, where the seed is the edible part. (Source: sciencedaily.com)

Retail Report: New Concepts Needed Consumers are looking for something new and exciting when it comes to the retail food industry, says the latest report from Packaged Facts. The report states the United States retail food market is undergoing the most dramatic changes in half a century. While supermarkets remain the primary shop for most consumers, the retail food market is seeing increased pressure from supercenters, warehouse clubs, drugstores, dollar stores, limited assortment and online grocery companies. Economic, demographic, lifestyle and technological changes have made it necessary for new concepts to engage shoppers, says David Sprinkle, Packaged Facts research director. The report also says consumers are still spending shy despite economic recovery in many areas: two-thirds of shoppers said they buy items on sale or promotion and nearly half use coupons. (Source: thepacker.com) 26

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; October 2013

MAX FACTS

hydroponic news, tips and trivia

Great Garlic Eating raw garlic may not do wonders for your breath, but it can cut the risk of lung cancer almost in half, new research shows. A study carried out in China found that adults who regularly consume raw garlic were 44% less likely to get lung cancer. Even when researchers allowed for whether people smoked—the biggest single cause of the disease—they found garlic still seemed to reduce the dangers by around 30%. Scientists at Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention compared 1,424 lung cancer patients with 4,500 healthy adults and the results showed those who ate raw garlic at least twice a week were significantly less likely to get lung cancer, even if they smoked or were exposed to high-temperature cooking oil fumes, thought to be another trigger for the disease. It’s not clear whether cooked garlic would have the same effect. (Source: dailymail.co.uk)

Microscopic Research Scientists are thinking small when it comes to studying new pest or pathogen species that pose a threat to the agriculture industry. High-resolution images produced by scientists with the United States Department of Agriculture’s Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit in Beltsville, Maryland, are providing an unprecedented view into the extraordinary world of the unseen. Images of specimens and samples magnified hundreds of thousands of times their original size have proven invaluable to researchers in describing new pest or pathogen species. And on the food safety front, use of the images has helped reveal the mechanisms by which certain bacteria, fungi and parasites infect fresh produce. (Source: ars.usda.gov)

New Market for California Walnuts California grows about a half million tons of walnuts per year—almost three-quarters of the world’s walnut trade—and India, which already imports about 10% of the state’s almond crop, has now given walnuts the green light. Research touting the benefits of walnuts in fighting cancer and controlling diabetes, among other health problems, continues to create a demand worldwide. Walnuts are California’s fourth major farm export at just over $1 billion annually. (Source: capradio.org)

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT YOUR GUIDE TO THIS MONTH’S

HOTTEST ITEMS Ask for them at your local indoor gardening store Agrobrite Standing Plant Light The Agrobrite Standing Plant Light, now available from Hydrofarm, offers exceptional illumination and versatility. With a flexible neck and adjustable height of 48 in. to 61 in., this lamp provides bright, natural light that will help plants thrive. Flicker-free fluorescent bulbs provide unmatched clarity and color rendering, making the Agrobrite Standing Plant Light ideal not only for plants, but for reading as well. Visit a local grow shop for more information.

Pinpoint Temperature With an Elemental Dirt Defense Gloves Dirt Defense Disposable Nitrile Gloves have all the positive benefits and H2O Digital Thermometer

The Elemental H2O Digital Thermometer makes it simple to measure temperature in tanks, reservoirs or anywhere else you need quick, accurate temperature readings. The digital thermometer reliably measures temperatures between -58 and 158°F with an accuracy of ± 1°F. An easy-to-read LCD display screen shows temperatures to a tenth of a degree and switches between °F and °C. The included suction cup ensures the display unit stays securely mounted, while a remote sensor on a cord more than 3-ft. long ensures accurate temperature readings. Find a local retailer to learn more.

features of latex gloves without the drawbacks of being made of latex. Dirt Defense Disposable Nitrile Gloves are great for a wide range of uses including gardening, painting, auto repair and much more. Gloves are available in medium, large and extra-large. They are disposable and durable and feature textured fingertips and enhanced tactile sensitivity for easy, comfortable use. These nitrile gloves are chemical repealing and also protect the skin against stains and other hazards. Plus, they are black in color, which hides stains during use. For more information, visit a local retailer.

Sun System Agrotech Medium Reflector Sunlight Supply®is excited to announce the arrival of the Sun System Agrotech Medium Reflector, the latest addition to the Sun System®reflector line. This lightweight reflector is all aluminum with a galvanized steel back plate for a durable but easy-to-use product. The Agrotech Medium Reflector features 95% reflective German aluminum for excellent reflectivity and diffusion. The Sun System lamp cord is compatible with Sun System, Galaxy®and other ballasts and is fully detachable from both the ballast and the reflector for ease of use. The fully enclosed socket assembly protects wiring from heat and UV light and easily attaches with four small bolts. Visit a local retailer for more information.

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT

Control Your Climate With a Utopian Portable Dehumidifier The UL-listed Utopian Portable Dehumidifier is perfect for removing excess humidity from indoor spaces. This 40-pt.-per-day model is ideal for areas up to 2,500 sq. ft. and allows users to set the desired humidity level between 35% and 85% relative humidity in 5% increments. When the water tank reaches capacity, the unit automatically shuts off until the tank is emptied. For convenience, the unit has the option to attach a hose for continuous drainage. A removable, washable filter helps ensure good output air quality. The portable dehumidifier also features auto-restart after a power interruption, a 24-hour programmable timer, two fan speeds and a one-year warranty. Visit a local retailer for more information.

Eco Organics Introduces Soil Saver

Flo-n-Gro’s Drip-n-Gro

Garden and houseplants extract minerals from the soil to grow strong roots and stems to produce healthy food, herbs and flowers. Soil Saver™ is designed to restore and replenish the minerals extracted during growth and taken away in cuttings and crops. Soil Saver is globally sourced from glacial granite gravel. Glaciers take thousands of years to cut through multiple layers of mountain rock, resulting in gravel that has a wide variety of minerals found nowhere else in one place. Soil Saver powdered glacial gravel is ground up to a micro-millimeter particle size to allow for a rapid mineral replenishment and restoration of soil growing mediums. It works for up to three months, providing surplus minerals for garden and houseplants to grow healthy roots, strong green growth and nutrient-laden food. For more information, visit a local grow shop.

Flo-n-Gro brings you the new Drip-n-Gro dual top feed drip system. This innovative bucket system comes ready to use with all the critical components pre-fabricated to allow for easy set-up and to get you gardening fast. Packaged in a food grade, 55-gal. reservoir, the Drip-n-Gro includes six 4-gal. Gro sites with 360º mesh inserts to promote lateral root growth, top-off float valve, control module with exclusive feed manifold and all the required irrigation tubing. All you have to do is add your favorite grow media, nutrients and plants. You can expand your Drip-n-Gro system to up to 60 Gro sites using the Drip-n-Gro Expansion Kits (available separately). Designed for quick set-up, the Drip-n-Gro assembles in less than an hour. Visit an indoor gardening supply store for more details.

Smart Pot Transplanter Due to popular demand, High Caliper Growing, the makers of Smart Pot®, have expanded its transplanter line of products. Now available in both 1-gal. and 2-gal. sizes, the Smart Pot®Transplanter is a re-usable fabric container with an open side for easy removal of your plant when you are transplanting. Whether you are using soil or a different medium, the Smart Pot Transplanter’s convenient overlapping design allows for easy transplanting with all growing mediums. With the Smart Pot Transplanter, you will receive all of the same benefits as you do when using a standard Smart Pot. Features include an increase in aeration, heat release through evaporative cooling and superior drainage. Now Smart Pot has made transplanting even easier. For more information, check in at a local gardening store.

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT

Take Plants All the Way With Rocket Plasma Lighting The innovative Rocket Plasma lighting system provides high-intensity light with low energy requirements, leading to significant energy savings over the life of the fixture. Its specialized reflector is optimized for 4 ft. by 4 ft. of coverage. Developed with full-spectrum horticulture in mind, the realPAR Rocket Plasma 3,000-K Lamp takes plants from seed to flower, emitting strong reds and blues for optimal growth and bloom. A Rocket Plasma lamp produces PAR-optimized light but little heat, allowing the fixture to be positioned as close as 8 in. above the plant canopy with less concern for the control of excessive heat. A two-year warranty on the fixture and a six-month warranty on the lamp ensure reliable operation. Rocket Plasma is proudly made in the United States. Ask about Rocket Plasma at your local hydro shop.

The Growlush/Growlite Hydro Series T5 Propagation Lights The Growlush/Growlite Hydro Series T5 propagation lights offer a headache-free solution for keeping young clones, seedlings and precious mother plants productive while saving electricity and keeping temperatures in propagation areas low. These lights feature cool running high-output fluorescent lights and can be placed close to plants to maximize light absorption without risking heat burn, all while minimizing growing temperatures. This versatile light can also be hung sideways for use as supplemental lighting for more mature plants. Fixtures are encased in a tough, powder-coated steel housing with side vents to allow for cool operation, and are backed by a three-year warranty. Extra value-added features include a series power outlet allowing multiple lights to be powered from a single electrical outlet, multiple on/off switches and a set of high-output, 6,500-K T5 bulbs so you can begin growing using these lights straight out of the box. The Hydro Series T5 propagation lights are offered in several configurations. Visit a local retailer for more information.

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; October 2013

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT

Growlush Industrial-grade Timer Boxes When using HID lighting, growers must control lighting cycles with a contactor timer. This is because a normal domestic timer unit cannot withstand the high electrical conductive load required to ignite the HID lighting. Plugging HID lighting directly into a domestic timer unit will cause the timer to prematurely fail and lead to a potential electrical hazard which may result in lights being fused either on or off. The Growlush Timer Box range is a professional heavy duty industrial lighting switch that offers unrivalled quality and reliability. Items are professionally built with industrial relay and contactors and are rated at 20-A max. Each timer box comes with a protected resettable fuse, rubberized molded plugs, a handy hanging bracket and a universal socket. There are two-, four-, six- and eight-socket versions available. For more information, visit a local indoor gardening store.

NatureVAC Vacuum Sealers and Bags NatureVAC Vacuum Sealers and Bags keep food fresh up to five times longer. Seal in meats, herbs, seafood, fruits, vegetables, grains, pasta, lentils, cheese, coffee, leftovers and more. The NatureVAC Vacuum Sealers and Bags are full of features and benefits that will assist your needs. Quality construction, user-friendly controls and fully automatic operation are just a few of the features that make these great items to have around. The sealers safely package moist, dry and delicate food. Keep all your food and produce fresh with NatureVAC Vacuum Sealers and Bags. Visit a local retailer for more information.

New Mykos Bars from Xtreme Gardening Mykos is a specific species of mycorrhiza that works faster and stronger. If you haven’t heard of mycorrhiza, it’s a microbe that builds root mass and increases plant uptake of nutrients and water. With more roots, you get more fruits. Mykos grows the biggest and best fruits, vegetables and herbs. It also helps leap start new transplants and shields roots from shock and disease. Mykos has been used to help break seven world records for plant growth, including a 2,000-lb. pumpkin. When it comes to mycorrhizae, mykos can’t be beat. Best of all, it’s affordable on any budget. Mykos is a beneficial additive that can be used with any nutrient line. Application is suitable for soil, coco and rockwool. Each 3.5 oz. bar treats up to six plants. For more information, visit a local retailer.

Mykos Root Paks by Xtreme Gardening Mykos Root Paks are great for hydroponic systems such as net pots filled with clay pebbles, stones and loose media. Whether it’s an aeroponic, ebb and flow, drain-to-waste, water-culture or aquaponic system, Mykos Root Paks grow big roots. The biodegradable pack keeps the Mykos at the roots, where it needs to be, without clogging up your system and sprayers. Mykos is a specific species of mycorrhiza that works faster and stronger. If you haven’t heard of mycorrhiza, it’s a microbe that builds root mass and increases plant uptake of nutrients and water. With more roots, you get more fruits. When it comes to mycorrhizae, Mykos can’t be beat. Best of all, it’s affordable on any budget. Mykos is a beneficial additive that may be used with any nutrient line. Application is suitable for soil, substrates and all hydroponic systems. For more information, check out a local grow store.

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT

Sun System AC/DE Reflector Sunlight Supply®is pleased to announce the arrival of the AC/DE Reflector, the latest addition to the Sun System®line of reflectors. The AC/DE’s unique double-ended construction allows for maximum optical efficiency and uniformity. The full-spectrum DE lamps used in this fixture focus on the red component for increased photosynthetic response. These lamps offer improved PAR values and increased PAR/lumen maintenance (up to 90% PAR at 10,000 hours of operation). The only air-cooled, doubleended hood in the industry, the AC/DE’s patent-pending design removes heat generated by the lamp without cooling the lamp below proper operating temperature. The 95% reflective textured German aluminum interior with 98% reflective corner inserts offer excellent uniformity, output and diffusion. The AC/DE offers galvanized steel housing with a durable powder-coated finish, double neoprene gaskets for an air-tight seal and hinged glass to make changing lamps and cleaning glass easy. For more details, visit an indoor gardening supply store.

Dutchpro’s Soil Starter Pack The Dutchpro Soil Starter Pack contains everything you need to conduct a small-scale grow, and more. Not only does this pack give you a taste of the amazing soil grow and bloom nutrients, it gives you a whole selection of Dutchpro additives and supplements to boost your plant growth. Grow schedules and instructions are also included. This is the perfect introduction to Dutchpro nutrients and additives and gives you the opportunity to give the award-winning Dutchpro range a try at a significantly reduced price. For more information, visit your local hydroponic garden store.

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT Dutchpro’s Auto Flowering Grow and Bloom Feed An auto-flowering seed should be able to grow in constant light and should not require any changes to the set-up in order to kick-start the flowering process. Dutchpro’s Auto Flowering gives beginners a much higher success rate. To support the whole process and achieve faster development, Dutchpro specially designed this auto flowering hydro/coco and soil feed in both hard and soft water formulations. In short, the product has all the essential macro- and micronutrients necessary for exuberant growth and will fulfill all the specific demands to achieve the best results in a short time scale. For more information, visit a local hydroponic garden store.

Xtreme Gardening’s Kryptomite Organic Insecticide Kryptomite is a ready-to-use solution in the battle against mites and mildew. It’s foodsafe, non-toxic and leaves no phytotoxic residue. No concerns about bleaching plant leaves, and better yet, it’s acceptable for use in organic crop production. Kryptomite is a three-in-one product: it kills mites and their eggs, destroys powdery mildew and it completely evaporates (no separate product required to remove it). It saves you time and money. Use Kryptomite as both a weekly preventative measure and a sure-fire treatment for all your plants’ ailments. It can be used all the way up to harvest, as well as on tender new cuttings and finished products, which may have ailments if left untreated. For more information, visit a local grow store.

Eco Organics Introduces Clone Saver Plants used for cuttings extract minerals from the growing medium to grow starts used for clones. Mother plants need minerals to produce new strong tissue that can rapidly generate roots. Clone Saver™ for mother plants is a new nano-sized, powdered glacial gravel designed to restore and replenish the depleted minerals that produce strong starts used for cuttings. Clone Saver is globally sourced from glacial granite gravel. Glaciers take thousands of years to cut through multiple layers of mountain rock resulting in gravel that has a wide variety of minerals found nowhere else in one place. Clone Saver allows for a rapid mineral replenishment and restoration of growing mediums to sustain strong cuttings from mother plants. It works for up to three months, providing surplus minerals for clones that root fast. Ask your local grow store for more information.

Regen-A-Root from CX Hydroponics Grow monster roots with Regen-A-Root. Regen-A-Root stimulates monster root growth while boosting the naturally occurring immune defences of plant root systems. Instead of containing rooting hormones, Regen-A-Root has the required precursors for naturally occurring plant auxins. This approach guarantees phenomenal root development without sacrificing top growth, making it safe to use throughout both vegetative and flowering stages. A lush, healthy, productive root system every time is CX Hydroponics’ guarantee to you. All CX Hydroponics additives, including Regen-A-Root, are formulated to work with any nutrient line. For more info, stop by an indoor gardening retail store near you.

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT

Dutchpro’s Multi Total Dutchpro’s Multi Total aids the key processes necessary for turning organic material from dead plant matter into beneficial nutrients. It sparks significant root growth by improving soil structure (in terms of water retention) and promotes nutrient-producing bacterial life in the substrate. Growers will also find that Multi Total stimulates the cationic exchange of minerals and micronutrients, and improves resistance against fungi and stress situations. All this from only one product? You better believe it! This product is suited for every irrigation system, as well as most soil, hydro and coco set-ups. Available in 8.45-oz. and 0.26-, 1.32-, 2.64- and 5.26-gal. bottles. For more information, ask for Dutchpro at your local indoor gardening store.

Square Mesh Pot Bucket Lid The Square Mesh Pot Bucket Lid is perfect for customized homemade hydroponic systems. It is extremely thick and durable and is made with mesh on the sides and the bottom for maximum aeration. These products are among the industry’s first square models that can be used with clay pebbles or other growing media and they work with virtually any standard 5-gal. bucket. Available in black. Visit an indoor gardening supply store near you for more information.

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

C ontr o ll

by Frank Rauscher

i ng t h e C

When it comes to viruses that cause the leaves of tomato plants (and others) to roll or curl, affecting the productivity of plants, the old saying an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure applies. Read on to find out more. 46

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l r u

Controlling the curl Hydroponic systems typically provide growers a major advantage over conventional outdoor gardening. Because this type of controlled gardening is usually isolated from outdoor pests, damage from pests is minimized. However, sometimes hydroponic systems are built where exposure to pests is indeed an issue. Every year growers battle pests that try to spoil the production of vegetables and fruits. Viruses attacking tomatoes are among those pests. Because gardeners are the type to keep trying, and do what it takes to succeed, we generally overcome these obstacles.

“ The rolling or curling of tomato leaves can be a symptom of environmental stress, herbicide damage or viral infection.” The rolling or curling of tomato leaves can be a symptom of environmental stress, herbicide damage or viral infection. If you suspect you’re experiencing these problems, you will want to look into environmental stresses, such as overwatering or under-watering, too much fertilizer, or even the use of herbicides in the general area of your tomatoes. In this article I discuss the viral infections causing this symptom. Two primary agents causing this are beet curly top virus (BCTV) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), both of which occur due to visiting insects.

Beet Curly Top Virus

The disease known as curly top, or beet curly top virus, might be found on tomato, bean, pepper, spinach, beet and squash plants. Leaves of infested plants are dwarfed, crinkled, rolled inward and cupped upward. Roots are stunted and may exhibit a proliferation of secondary rootlets. Phloem tissues become necrotic and appear as dark rings when viewed in cross section. The stems become stiff and plants remain stunted.

BCTV is transmitted from plant to plant by the beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus). 48

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

Beet curly top virus might be found on plants such as tomatoes, beans, peppers, spinach, beets and squash.

Generally, the fruits on the plant ripen prematurely and are deformed. Plants begin to show symptoms about seven to 14 days after they are first infected by a leafhopper. Visible veins on the underside of leaves will usually have a purple discoloration and may be roughened. These often produce swellings or spine-like outgrowths. Because tomatoes are not the only plants affected, you can see these symptoms in the squash plants pictured on page 50, and the insects that spread this disease actually prefer beets. BCTV is transmitted from plant to plant by the beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus). Both the virus and the leafhopper have a wide variety of host plants.

“ As the symptoms of curly top become evident in tomatoes, the leafhoppers have long since moved on to other crops or weeds.” Once acquired by the leafhopper, BCTV is carried for the rest of the leafhopper’s life. This is why such a long-distance spread of the disease is common. Adult leafhoppers may land and probe-feed on many different plants, but generally prefer to lay eggs on beets, tomatoes and various weeds. Unfortunately, trying to control curly top is difficult. Efforts to breed resistance to curly top into tomatoes have not been successful and all tomato varieties currently available are susceptible. Spraying tomatoes with insecticides does not control the disease because leafhoppers migrate from distant places and do not reproduce or remain in tomato fields. As the symptoms of curly top become evident in tomatoes, the leafhoppers have long since moved on to other crops or weeds.

controlling the curl

“although it can affect a wide variety of plants, the tomato is its favorite.”

If the infection occurs while the plant is still young, the plant will remain small with terminal and auxiliary shoots remaining upright. Leaves that develop soon after the infection occurs will cup downward, but later leaves will appear chlorotic (yellow) and deformed, with leaf edges cupping upward. Flowers may drop from the plant but their shape remains unaffected. Depending on the time of infection, flowers may fail to set fruit even though they remain on the plant. If the infection occurs while fruit is developing, the fruit will ripen in a nearly normal manner.

Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus

TYLCV, also referred to as tomato leaf curl, is a viral disease that is usually transmitted by sucking insects. This disease tends to be a problem in greenhouse-grown tomatoes and is less common in plants grown outdoors. This disease is a gemnivirus, and although it can affect a wide variety of plants, the tomato is its favorite. It might be found on crops of the Solanum family (tomato, pepper, chili, potato and eggplant), which may sometimes develop infections while not showing symptoms. It can also be found on weeds such as nightshade and jimsonweed. In addition, this virus causes leaf curl in certain varieties of common bean and the ornamental plant lisianthus. A range of weeds from other families can be infected, but most of these do not develop obvious disease symptoms.

Squash plants display symptoms of beet curly top virus. 50

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

Leaves that develop soon after a tomato yellow leaf curl viral infection occurs will cup downward, but later on leaves will appear chlorotic (yellow) and deformed, with leaf edges cupping upward.

“If the infection occurs while fruit is developing, the fruit will ripen in a nearly normal manner.” TYLCV is transmitted by sap-sucking insects and causes similar leaf roll symptoms as BCTV in infected tomato plants. Purplish veins on the leaf underside will help to distinguish both of these viruses from physiological leaf roll and herbicide injury. Differing a bit from BCTV, with TYLCV, new leaves appear chlorotic (pale green or yellow) and cupped. In both cases overall plant growth becomes stunted and early infection usually inhibits fruit production. Unfortunately, there is no cure for either of these viruses.

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

controlling the curl

Prevention

First of all, it is vital to examine the plants and how they may have been treated to determine whether symptoms show an actual disease or environmental stress. If an entire section of a plant exhibits leaf roll symptoms, the cause is likely to be environmental stress or herbicide injury. Insects just aren’t that thorough; some of the plants will escape the infection. For most other viruses, like the tomato mosaic virus, removing and destroying symptomatic plants prevents further transfer to healthy plants.

Purplish veins on the leaf underside will help growers distinguish both of these viruses from physiological leaf roll and herbicide injury.

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

“it is vital to examine the plants and how they may have been treated to determine whether symptoms show an actual disease or environmental stress.”

However, transmission of either BCTV or TYLCV from an infected plant to a healthy one is uncommon, as the insects that brought the disease are usually gone. There is no positive control for viral leaf curl. Sucking insects such as the sweet potato whitefly and aphids should be controlled since they are insect carriers of the disease. Application of products like a garlic barrier, which tend to repel insects in general, will reduce the insect count on your crop and therefore increase the odds of your plants avoiding the disease.

“Removal of sympotomatic leaves, stems and fruits will not eliminate the virus from otherwise healthy-looking plants. This may actually lead to further spread of the disease through infected tools.” Plants that may have been the source for the disease are often wild, so keeping areas weedfree will reduce the odds of the virus being spread. Removal of symptomatic leaves, stems and fruits will not eliminate the virus from otherwise healthylooking plants. This may actually lead to further spread of the disease through infected tools. Thoroughly clean tools (using bleach and water at a ratio of 1:20) and other equipment that may have come in contact with the diseased plants. Sap on tools and plant parts can be an easy way to transmit the virus to other plants. Controlling large populations of aphids or other sap-sucking insects may help to reduce virus transmission to healthy tomato plants. Avoid unnecessary injury during pruning and cultivating. Keeping tomato plants as healthy as possible will build their immunity and make them less susceptible to insect attack. Keep the weeds to a minimum, try using insect repellent mulch like cedar, and keep some garlic barriers around. Keep plants as well-spaced as is practical, and most of all—good luck! Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

Build your own

Solar Greenhouse by madelyn ritrosky and charles Winslow

If you want yearround gardening opportunities and a pleasant living space to enjoy in all four seasons while

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; October 2013

keeping your energy bills low, consider building a solar-heated greenhouse that is attached to your home.

Greenhouse. Solarium. Hothouse. Conservatory. Whatever your term, we’re talking about that cozy spot for your cherished plants. Greenhouses are an element of home design that garden enthusiasts, and especially indoor and hydroponic aficionados, not only appreciate, but relish. A spacious, climate-controlled greenhouse is a dream indeed. As you undoubtedly know, there are inexpensive greenhouse kits that you can set up in your backyard for as little as a few hundred dollars. But, for something more substantial, something larger, permanent, convenient and useful year-round, why not think about building a solid structure attached to your home?

“A spacious, climatecontrolled Greenhouse is a dream indeed.” Since my wife and I build, live in and market energyefficient homes, and develop new lighting and hydroponic technologies as our careers, our greenhouses have progressed in space and efficiency with each house. As hydro enthusiasts and developers for many years now, we have always needed that spare room for growing and lab testing. Our latest and most advanced, which we describe below, is the first to incorporate solar water. It is not the first, however, to utilize passive solar heat as supplemental heating when it’s sunny and cold outside, not only for the greenhouse, but for the home. With the new solar water system almost ready to fire up, around-the-clock warmth awaits us as the days get shorter and snow is inevitable. This will mean year-round gardening even to temperatures of -20°F, and with amazingly low energy usage. Our solar greenhouse is a complete, full room that adds vibrant living space, winter heat, fresh air and indoor gardening possibilities to our home. It’s a four-season room that one can relax in on a pleasant summer evening as well as a crisp winter morning. We’re pleased with our progress so far and we want to share some tips from our experiences, including photos from all of our greenhouse adventures.

A solar-powered greenhouse attached to Charles and Madelyn’s residence. Photo submitted. Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

build your own solar greenhouse

Structure

We designed the greenhouse from scratch, including its 2-ft. by 4-ft. framing, vinyl and aluminum wraps, three sides of sliding glass doors and double French doors that open to the full basement. The roof was designed with a thermostatically opening vent. The sliding doors and custom-cut gable ends are tempered, insulated glass, while 25-mil polycarbonate forms the roof. The exact dimensions of the greenhouse were determined by the widths of three sets of sliding glass doors plus the framing posts along the long side, and two sets of sliding glass doors and framing on the shorter ends. An important tip: if you’re using treated lumber, make sure to prime and seal-coat before wrapping with aluminum. Some of the new, treated lumber is less caustic but it’s still a good idea to seal for potential corrosion of the aluminum. Find someone you trust to help out with framing if you’re ever in doubt.

Floor

A radiant floor heating system, using Pex tubing and a 1-in. thick foam board below for insulation, is in place below 4-in. concrete with black marble tiles that also absorb the warm winter sun. The system is connected to solar vacuum water tubes on the roof, solar water storage tanks in the basement, radiant floor heating in the rest of the basement, an attached garage, furnaces and a refitted hot tub.

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

Charles inside his solar-powered greenhouse. Photos submitted.

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

build your own solar greenhouse

Plants flourishing within a solar-powered greenhouse. Photos submitted.

Roof System

The venting plexiglass roof system was designed to fit the dimensions of the structure and the rafters supporting it. The roof vent is controlled by an adjustable thermostat to keep heat in or let it out. We added two ceiling fans, mounted to the rafters, to not only circulate fresh air and heat flow when the French doors are open, but they look nice, too. There is a return air into the furnace system in the home that is thermodynamically driven, bringing in fresh heated air in the winter when needed.

Final Touches

There is, of course, a water faucet for easy plant watering. And just in case, there is also a convenient floor drain. We have done a lot of deep flood air injection in the past, which always tends to plug. The root systems will outgrow any system.

Summary

Happy experimenting and building and don’t forget how important solar and energy efficient designs are nowadays. Your greenhouse is a perfect place to experiment with nature, whether it’s with your plants, the sun’s heat or both. It’s a perfect way to help keep your energy bills in line, too, and with added fixtures, you too can outgrow nature’s sunshine. You can turbo-charge nature’s energy for enhanced production, efficiency and fun. 58

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

by molly sweitzer

What is a chelate and how can this compound maximize the growth and productivity of your plants? molly sweitzer has the details. 60

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The chelation effect There is nothing more satisfying than getting a plant species to flower. Then, after understanding a plant’s life cycle, more attention can be focused on the ecology of a garden. Figuring out how your plants interact with their surrounding environment is imperative and makes it a lot easier to tweak conditions to improve plant growth and garden productivity.

“ After becoming familiar with a plant’s life cycle, subtle changes in leaf color, shape and texture become regular observations.” The selection of nutrients, additives and supplements available in the gardening industry is extensive and it is important to understand the interaction between the grow media and roots when deciding what to feed, and how to care for, plants. After becoming familiar with a plant’s life cycle, subtle changes in leaf color, shape and texture become regular observations. Noticing this, I experimented with different nutrients, supplements and additives to counteract the deficiencies and gaps in my indoor ecosystem. After researching tons of fertilizers, I noticed a common ingredient amongst all of them, EDTA, and I decided I needed to figure out how it was affecting my plants. Some fertilizers contain chelates (i.e., ironEDTA) that act as a packaging system to deliver essential micronutrients to a plant. A chelate is a chemical compound made up of a metal ion and a special molecule called a chelating agent. The molecular structure of a chelating agent, or ligand, is interesting because it forms multiple bonds with one metal ion, making it super stable.

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

Macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur are absorbed relatively easily by plants. The metal ions required for plant growth, called micronutrients (iron, zinc, copper, manganese, chlorine, boron, nickel and molybdenum are a few examples), can bond with another ion or molecule in the grow media or solution, thus rendering it unavailable for plant uptake. Under high pH growing conditions, iron, manganese, zinc and copper react with ions to form insoluble substances that cannot be absorbed by the roots. However, if a micronutrient reacts with a chelating agent, it becomes stable in the media until the root requires it. After the chelating agent delivers the micronutrient to the root, it returns to the grow media, bonds to another essential micronutrient and continues the cycle. The chelating agent does not lock out nutrients when it returns to the media; rather, it finds another metal ion to bond with to become stable. Chelating agents have a high affinity for metal ions—the micronutrients plants want—so they reduce the formation of unwanted precipitates that the roots cannot absorb.

“ if a micronutrient reacts with a chelating agent, it becomes stable in the media until the root requires it.” Many fertilizers include synthetic chelates to increase the uptake of nutrients by plants. The most commonly used synthetic chelating agents are EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetate), and EDDHA (ethylenediaminedihydroxy-phenylacetic acid). EDTA is the cheapest synthetic chelating agent to produce; however, it’s not totally effective in the pH range commonly used for gardening. And, while EDDHA has been tested to show the most significant increase in productivity and growth, it is the more expensive synthetic chelating agent.

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

The chelation effect

Need to Know Basis Chelation is the formation or presence of bonds (or other attractive interactions) between two or more separate binding sites within the same ligand and a single central atom. In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule (functional group) that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex. A molecular entity in which there is chelation (and the corresponding chemical species) is called a chelate. — Source: IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology (Gold Book) via goldbook.iupac.org

Natural chelating agents are siderophores, organic acids and amino acids. Micro-organisms and plant roots release different siderophores to roam the media looking for iron that is complexed, or in an insoluble form that cannot be used by a plant, to chelate with (i.e., to bond with a metal ion to become stable) to make it available for uptake by the roots. Beneficial micro-organisms create chelates in the process of digesting organic materials in the grow media. Plant roots can also release exudates that have natural chelates (e.g., mugineic acid, which is released by grassy plants in low iron environments). Compost tea made from quality ingredients (visit your local hydroponic shop for more information) is an excellent way to introduce beneficial microorganisms to the grow media and the plant canopy. Microorganisms will colonize the root zone and leaf surface in a healthy garden via compost tea watering and foliar application. These beneficial micro-organism colonies will chelate any micronutrients and make them available to the roots and stomata. The ecology of your garden relies heavily on the health of your plants and their surrounding environment. 64

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

“The ecology of your garden relies heavily on the health of your plants and their surrounding environment.” In a healthy ecosystem, all of the components are working together and there are no pest problems (a definite indicator of weak, unhealthy plants) or disease. Natural and synthetic chelates each have their own range of benefits. Therefore, it is important to understand the function of a chelate and how they can maximize the growth and productivity of your garden. Understanding how your plants grow, from seed all the way to harvest, is essential. Take your observations to the next level and tune into the plantenvironment interactions to make your next grow the most efficient and the most productive ecosystem yet.

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

FighTing

fungi — THE ORGANIC WAY —

BY eRiC hOPPeR

When fungi problems strike in the vegetable garden, the results can be catastrophic. Eric Hopper has the latest on organic solutions that allow growers the option of preventatively treating plants.

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

fighting fungi There are a slew of possible problems an indoor horticulturist may encounter throughout the life cycle of plants. Pathogenic fungi are not only one of the most prevalent detriments to plague an indoor garden, but they may also be one of the most destructive. Because of the way pathogenic fungi reproduce they are able to, in some cases, take out an entire crop in just a few days. Since these destructive organisms can get out of control so quickly, it is imperative for the grower to identify the pathogen and immediately implement a proper treatment program. There are many different treatments available for battling a fungi problem, although some are not suitable for consumable plants. A wide variety of effective chemical fungicides exist for roses and other ornamental plants, but these should never be used on any plant meant for

Because of the way pathogenic fungi

reproduce they are able to, in some cases, take out an entire crop in just a few days.â&#x20AC;?

consumption. Always be sure to check the label carefully when purchasing a fungicide. Close inspection of a fungicide label will disclose the intended usage and application procedures. Food crop growers are starting to turn their heads toward organic fungicides, which are much safer for the grower, the plants and the end consumer. Organic fungicides, just like chemical fungicides, come in a variety of formulations. Some are intended as a general fungicide while others are specific to a given pathogen. The increasing demand for organic products has the popularity of organic fungicides steadily rising. Because of their growing popularity, manufacturers are producing more innovative products using some of the oldest known fungicidal substances. Breaking down some of the organic treatments into general categories is a good way for growers to better understand their options.

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; October 2013

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Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

fighting fungi

Sulfur-based Fungicides Sulfur is one of the longest-used fungicides. Historical data tracks its use back to more than 1,500 years ago when its fungicidal properties were found to battle pathogens on wheat. For the indoor horticulturist, who probably isn’t

Sulfur’s

effectiveness as a fungicide stems from its ability to prevent the fungal spores from germinating.” growing wheat, sulfur can be used to battle a wide variety of fungi, including rose black spot and powdery mildew. Sulfur’s effectiveness as a fungicide stems from its ability to prevent the fungal spores from germinating. Sulfur-based fungicides are available in liquid or powder form.

Sulfur burners are devices commonly used by greenhouse and indoor horticulturists to prevent or combat powdery mildew. Sulfur burners heat up powdered sulfur (usually in a small tablet form) until the sulfur reaches its evaporation point. As the evaporated sulfur mixes with the room atmosphere, a thin layer of sulfur forms on the entire surface of the plant (and everything else in the room). This is the most effective way to get complete coverage with a sulfur treatment. Sulfur burners should not be used within four weeks of harvest with any consumable where the sulfur powder cannot be physically cleaned from the surface of fruits and vegetables. Sulfur burners are not safe to use when a person or animal is in the room. Always put a sulfur burner on a timer and never be in the room when a sulfur burner is active.

Copper-based Fungicides There are many different copper-based fungicides available to today’s hobbyists and commercial horticulturists. Copperbased fungicides are generally mixed with some other component, such as lime, to help neutralize the pH. Without first being neutralized, the acidic properties of copper sulfate (the most commonly used form of copper) could cause as much damage to the plant as the pathogen.

Copper-based

fungicides are available in powder and liquid form, although liquid is much more common for the indoor horticulturist.” Copper-based fungicides are available in powder and liquid form, although liquid is much more common for the indoor horticulturist. Some plant varieties are more sensitive to copper-based fungicides than others and growers should always conduct a sensitivity test before using one. To conduct a sensitivity test, spray a few leaves on each variety of plant in the garden and wait 24 hours. If there are no signs of burning on the foliage, go ahead and treat the entire garden. 70

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

fighting fungi

Neem-based Fungicides Neem is one of nature’s greatest gifts to the indoor horticulturist. Neem oil contains azadirachtin, a natural insecticide and fungicide. Highly concentrated neem oil kills powdery mildew spores on contact. Growers looking for neem oil with high fungicidal properties should look for cold-pressed neem with high concentrations of azadirachtin. Neem-based fungicides commonly come in two forms: granular and liquid. The granular neem is designed to be amended into the soil, which helps reduce soil-borne insects and is also an effective systemic fungicide for some plant varieties. Liquid neem comes with a variety of options. Pure neem oil can be cold pressed or chemically processed. The cold-pressed neem retains a higher amount of the active ingredients and is generally more effective as a fungicide. On the downside, coldpressed neem is generally more expensive; sometimes up to three times the price of chemically extracted neem oil. Other neembased liquids are usually concentrates of the active ingredients derived from neem. These liquids should be compared based on the percentage of the active ingredients they contain.

Neem oil

contains azadirachtin, a natural insecticide and fungicide. Highly concentrated neem oil kills powdery mildew spores on contact.”

Garlic, clove, cinnamon, oregano, thyme and wintergreen are just some of the plants with essential oil extracts that are making their way into organic fungicides.”

Botanical-based Fungicides Advancements in extraction methods have led to an increasing amount of botanical-based organic fungicides. These fungicides are derived from the essential oils of various plants with fungicidal properties. Because of the innovative extraction techniques, higher percentages of the active compounds are retained, which means more potent and effective products. Oftentimes these plantbased extracts are combined with other organic fungicides to increase effectiveness. Garlic, clove, cinnamon, oregano, thyme and wintergreen are just some of the plants with essential oil extracts that are making their way into organic fungicides.

Biological Fungicides Bicarbonate-based Fungicides Yes, baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) can be used as a fungicide. However, growers may want to think about using some of the other bicarbonate-based fungicides available, such as ammonium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate. Unlike baking soda, these bicarbonates will leave behind usable plant nutrients instead of toxic salts and are the most commonly used bicarbonates in manufactured fungicides. Bicarbonate-based fungicides are effective against powdery mildew, botrytis and rusts. Bicarbonate-based fungicides are available in powder and liquid form, but for the indoor grower, liquid application would be the better choice.

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

Of all the different types of organic fungicides available, none have made such substantial strides as biological fungicides. As we understand more about plant physiology and the way micro-organisms interact with one another, we have discovered some incredibly effective organic biological fungicides. The use of beneficial micro-organisms, usually bacteria, has made organic pest control not only more effective but also healthier for our planet and ourselves.

fighting fungi The most common biological fungicides used in indoor horticulture are strains of beneficial bacteria that feed on pathogens. Organic biological fungicides are generally pathogen specific, or designed to fight one particular disease. Beneficial bacteria strains that feed on powdery mildew spores are one of the most

Beneficial bacteria

strains that feed on powdery mildew spores are one of the most effective natural defenses against this problem in an indoor garden.” effective natural defenses against this problem in an indoor garden. There are many different organic fungicides that contain fungi-eating bacteria. These products are always a good first choice for a grower because they are easy to use, relatively inexpensive and are even safer than some of the other organic options. Biological fungicides should be the first line of defense for any grower battling or trying to prevent a pathogenic fungal attack. Another benefit to biological fungicides is that they are generally contained in an inert substance that doesn’t have any chance of hindering the garden’s performance. Once the applied beneficial micro-organisms run out of food (in this case the pathogenic fungi), they naturally die off. This means no residue, no toxic run-off and no possibility of contaminating the sprayed fruits or vegetables. To maintain optimal growth and avoid a potentially catastrophic occurrence in the garden, horticulturists must be ready at all times to battle a pathogenic fungus. Growers of consumable plants should, at the very least, consider their options with organic fungicides. Today’s advancements in technology have produced innovative extraction methods that create biological fungicides and highly concentrated organic substances. Organic fungicides give the grower an ability to preventively treat their plants without the risk of toxicity. Organic fungicides can give growers a shield against opportunistic pathogenic fungi that could otherwise give the unsuspecting gardener an unwanted battle. 74

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

y s h i P c a g n l i t t e G

with

Worms by Dr. J. Benton Jones, Jr.

In May 2013, Dr. J. Benton Jones, Jr. highlighted the elemental content of your worm castings to determine how much is required. Now he’s back to describe the physical properties of these same vermicast materials.

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

getting physical with worms In an earlier article in Maximum Yield (“The Wonder of Worm Castings,” May 2013), I provided the elemental content of five worm casting (vermicast) materials. There was considerable variance among the five materials as to their water pH and total and extractable elemental contents. For this article, three physical properties—organic matter, moisture contents and volume-weight—for these same vermicast materials were determined and reported.

Organic Matter Content The same procedure used for estimating the organic matter content of an inorganic soil was used: loss on ignition. An aliquot of vermicast was oven dried at 175°F for 12 hours, and then placed into a muffle furnace set at 750°F for 12 hours. The weight loss percent is considered due to the combustion of organic substances in the vermicast material. The percentages of organic matter content (due to loss on ignition) of the five vermicast materials were found to be: Sample

Organic Matter

45%

30%

68%

41%

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Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

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getting physical with worms

Only one of the vermicast materials, sample D, had an organic content greater than 50%.”

Most vermicast materials are usually designated as being organic, which would suggest that the majority of its constituent contents would be primarily organic. Only one of the vermicast materials, sample D, had an organic content greater than 50%. Therefore, one might wonder, what is the criteria for designating a vermicast material as being organic? Does such a designation mean that at least 50% of its content must be organic constituents? If so, then only sample D fits that requirement. Therefore, we are then left wondering what the designations for samples A, B, C and E would be. The source ingredients are only known for sample D— cow manure and silage—and yet its inorganic content seems high at 32%, higher than one might expect. So, where did all this inorganic material come from? It could be that this approximate 30% may be the threshold level, even though the source materials are considered to be, essentially, totally organic. It is the other materials that are not organic that need to be further identified as to their form and elemental composition.

Moisture Content A weighed aliquot of each of the vermicast materials was oven dried at 175°F for 24 hours with the loss in weight being identified as its moisture content. The results are as follows:

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

Sample

Moisture

38%

28%

30%

12%

33%

getting physical with worms Others have reported similar moisture percentages for vermicast materials to be around 30%, which is in agreement with four of the materials having that near percentage, the one exception being for sample D. The moisture in vermicast can be of two possible forms, that which exists as free water in equilibrium with the surrounding atmosphere, and that which is bound water held within the material structure of the compounds constituting the vermicast—a form of water that is not in equilibrium with the surrounding atmosphere. The level of free water will depend to some degree on the air temperature and relative humidity of the exposed atmosphere, and therefore, will vary with changing atmospheric conditions, while bound water will be a fixed property of the vermicast itself. It is uncertain whether vermicast is hydroscopic; that is, having an ability to absorb water from the surrounding atmosphere greater than that associated with equilibrium balance water. Some believe that the moisture content is an essential quality that will determine the level of possible microbial activity within the vermicast as well as being able to easily blend into a rooting medium, i.e., easily able to wet.

The level

of free water will depend to some degree on the air temperature and relative humidity of the exposed atmosphere.”

The moisture content in a vermicast material may be a factor determined by the processing method used to generate the vermicast, and whether a moisture reduction step is included in the processing. More details from vermicast producers are needed to determine the preparation procedures and better understand on what basis the moisture level is established for the finished vermicast product.

Volume-Weight An aliquot of vermicast was placed into a 0.77-oz. volume scoop that was lightly tapped so that the vermicast particles settled into the scoop. The vermicast that filled the scoop was weighed and the volume-weight calculated. The volumeweight was also calculated by correcting for moisture content. The volume-weight values are as follows: Sample

Volume

Weight

0.60

0.37*

0.82

0.58

0.70

0.49

0.56

0.50

0.58

0.40 *Moisture corrected

The volume-weight is an important value since it determines what volume of material is supplied by weight as well as vice versa. For the seller, the quantity of material supplied will depend on the unit of measure, volume or weight. For the buyer, which unit of measure used for applying the vermicast to a rooting medium will determine the quantity of vermicast needed. Adjusting the volume-weight determination due to moisture content tended to group these five materials around the 0.50 value.

Summary The variances in the physical properties among these five vermicast materials are not as great as that found for their pH and elemental concentrations reported in the earlier article, except for their organic matter content. Therefore, what defines a substance as being a vermicast cannot be based solely on its organic matter content, and moisture content and volumeweight seem to be less variable among these five vermicast materials. 82

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

Manage Nutrients with

Plant Tissue Testing

by Donald Lester

Relying on visual symptoms of nutrient deficiencies in your plants means you have already set the plants back, plus many deficiencies have the same visual symptoms. Take the guesswork out of growing with plant tissue testing.

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; October 2013

plant tissue testing

Testing for Nutrient Levels Plants need nutrients to grow. The trick is to figure out which nutrients to add and how much. Years ago, growers relied on general rule-of-thumb recommendations that indicated how many tons per acre of a nutrient to apply to a crop. These recommendations were calculated from lab analyses based on how much nutrient an average crop took from the field at harvest time. But times have changed. The popularity of indoor and greenhouse growing is exploding and fertilizer recommendations based on tons per acre are not practical. And, with new plant genetics available, growers are pushing plants to produce more with less. With the cost of nutrients rising and new laws coming on board to reduce nutrient run-off and drinking water pollution, growers need to become more efficient with their nutrient usage. So, where to start? Most people have heard about soil tests. This service is widely available through commercial laboratories and universities. However, soil tests are a blunt instrument. Soil tests will tell you how much of a given nutrient is in the soil, but this doesn’t always translate into how much of the nutrient is available to the plant. There are many variables that

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

Soil tests will tell you how much

of a given nutrient is in the soil, but this doesn’t always translate into how much of the nutrient is available to the plant.”

plant tissue testing

affect nutrient availability: pH, nutrient competition, soil temperature, moisture level and many others. In addition, plant demand for each nutrient changes over the season. For example, nitrogen is needed early in the season to generate vegetative growth. When the plant is producing fruit, the addition of nitrogen will switch the priority from fruit production to once again start growing stems and leaves. Enter tissue analysis or tissue testing. This is the high-tech tool commercial agricultural growers are using and it is easily adapted to indoor growing. It doesn’t matter whether the plants are in soil, hydroponic or aquaponic environments. With this system, growers periodically take leaf tissue samples and send them to the lab. The laboratory analyzes the nutrients in the tissues and reports back a panel of results similar to a soil test. The key difference here is that we now know what the plant actually absorbed and used. University researchers are constantly devising tables for new crops that show what the acceptable ranges of nutrients are in plant tissues for optimum growth. For example, a typical table will show value ranges for what is considered

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

If you see

the symptoms of a nutrient deficiency in your crop, you are about two weeks behind in correcting it.”

to be a low amount in the tissue, a normal amount and a high amount for each nutrient. The low amounts are a red flag that a deficiency might be in the works. This is an important forecasting tool. If you see the symptoms of a nutrient deficiency in your crop, you are about two weeks behind in correcting it. A high amount on the report is a red flag that the plant is getting close to experiencing nutrient toxicity.

plant tissue testing There are new varieties of crops being bred every day. These varieties generate yields and quality far superior to their wild counterparts. Like a fine-tuned, high-performance race car, what you put in greatly influences what you get out for performance. With the ever-increasing cost of nutrients, new genetics, facilities and other overhead expenses, why not get the most out of your plants and your inputs? By using tissue testing and staying in the optimal nutrient range, professional growers are able to push crop plants to their full genetic potential and at the same time maximize their nutrient use efficiency. Many people think that they will know a nutrient deficiency by the symptoms they see on

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; October 2013

the plant, so a tissue test is not required. This is counterproductive because once a deficiency symptom is visual you have just set the plant back. Plus, many nutrient deficiencies have the same visual symptoms (refer to the table provided), so visual symptoms alone are generally not a good diagnostic tool.

Understanding Results As mentioned earlier, the lab report will show the value of the nutrients in your plant. Next to that value will be the ranges for low, optimum and high. Some labs will write a recommendation for what amendments or nutrients need to be added to get into the optimal range. There may or may not be a charge for this service. It is important to find out up front if a recommendation will be given with the analysis report. If not, most universities or agricultural colleges will analyze the results and give free recommendations. Private consultants can also perform this service, and some fertilizer companies have specialists on staff that can review your lab results and make recommendations. Depending on the size of your operation and the amount of nutrients you buy, some fertilizer companies have their own labs and will perform this service for you free of charge. However, most sophisticated growers who use tissue tests have the background and experience to figure out the proper nutrients or amendment needed to correct any problems.

plant tissue testing

Tissue testing is currently the

Proper sample preparation is an important issue that cannot be overlooked. A study of zinc products performed by the University of California showed that foliar-applied zinc products vary greatly in their absorption into plant tissues. The surprising aspect of the study was that they found out some products actually stuck on the leaf like house paint and were never absorbed into the plant tissues. When chemically analyzed, the zinc levels looked great. Later they realized their sample preparation method of washing the leaves did not remove the excess zinc material on the surface of the leaves, so a different leaf cleaning protocol was devised and the resulting analysis numbers looked much different. Tissue testing is currently the most accurate method for determining nutrient levels in the plant and for deducing what nutrients (and forms of nutrients) need to be added to the system. By using tissue testing, nutrient management is optimized and nutrient use efficiency is maximized, thus creating a crop with maximum yield and highest quality at lowest cost, while minimizing nutrient loss and water pollution. You pay good money for top genetics, advanced nutrients and state-of-theart equipment. Why would you guess at how well your nutrients are performing? Now that you know the benefits of tissue testing, and a little bit about what is involved, hopefully you will use this important tool in your indoor growing operation and in your management decisions.

most accurate method for determining nutrient levels in the plant and for deducing what nutrients (and forms of nutrients) need to be added to the system.â&#x20AC;?

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; October 2013

PP Avant Gardening

Understanding PPM in Soil

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

*editor’s note: this article uses metric units, as ppm is based on this measurement system.

1/1,000,000

The expression, ppm, is short-hand for parts per million, and it’s one of the most common items that shows up on soil test reports. But, knowing what ppm stands for is only one part of the equation.

PM by Guy Sela

Numbers on soil test reports may be expressed in different units. Many times, even the same lab expresses different elements in different units. Ppm is one of the most common units on soil test reports. What does ppm stand for and how can we estimate the actual amount of the tested element in the soil? The acronym ppm stands for parts per million, or, in other words, the ratio 1:1,000,000. It is used to measure low concentrations in aqueous solutions or in soil. In solutions, ppm refers to milligrams/liter or grams/ cubic meter (m3). Note that it represents a ratio of mass to volume. This can be done because the mass of water is the same as its volume (in metric units). In soil test reports, ppm usually stands for milligrams/kilogram, so that means 1 ppm = 1 mg/kg. However, many labs use soil extracts, like saturated paste, 1:2 extract, etc. In such cases, the ppm level stands for mg/L in the soil extract. To convert the ppm of a nutrient (mass/ mass as in mg/kg) to an actual amount, in kilograms or pounds, we must know three other parameters:  The area for which we want to calculate the nutrient amount.  The bulk density of the soil. Bulk density is defined as the dry weight of soil per unit volume of soil. Most soils have a bulk density of 1.1 to1.6 ton/m3.  The layer depth for which we want to calculate.

Let’s look at an example. How many kilograms of available potassium are there in a 30-cm (12-in.) layer of a one hectare (2.47 acre) plot, if the soil test report shows a level of 10 ppm of potassium? The bulk density of the soil is 1.2 ton/m2.

What is the amount of available potassium in this soil layer, if the soil test level is 10 ppm?

If you are used to working with U.S. or imperial units, it is advised to convert some measurements to metric units, for ease of calculation.

US units Metric Units

1 pound 1 acre 1 inch

0.453 kg 4046.86 sqm (m2) 0.0254 meters

Since 10 ppm are 10 mg/kg, we should first know the mass of this layer of soil. 1 ha = 10,000 m2.

The layer depth is 0.3 m, therefore the volume of the soil layer is: 10,000 X 0.3 = 3000 m3

Once we know the volume, we can calculate the mass of this soil layer, multiplying the mass by the bulk density of the soil: 3000 m3 X 1.2 ton/m3 =

3600 tons (3968 short tons).

Now, the amount of potassium in the soil can be calculated, using the definition for ppm. 1ppm = 1 mg/kg. 3600 tons = 3,600,000 kg.

We have 10 mg of potassium per kilogram of soil and therefore: 3,600,000 X 10 = 36,000,000 mg = 36 kg (79.3 lbs).

Therefore, we have 36 kg of potassium in our 1-ha plot and layer depth of depth of 30 cm. Theoretically, a crop that grows on this plot and has its active root system at the top 30-cm layer will have 36 kg of available potassium.

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

Success With LE

Grow

Lights

by Angela Lundmark Thinking of using LED (light-emitting diode) technology in your growroom? Here’s what you need to know to make the most of this light source.

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

led grow lights

Photo submitted.

Over the years, I’ve seen gardeners of every skill level attempt to plug new LED technology into legacy methods and apparatuses, not realizing how using LEDs will change their system. The most notable of these environmental changes has to do with radiant heat. Indoor gardeners have become accustomed to battling excess heat emitted from traditional light sources that run from several hundred degrees to more than 1400°F at the bulb’s surface. This excess heat limited the amount of light you could add to your environment— placing glass bulbs too close or packing too many into an area could literally burn your plants. LED technology has made it possible to saturate plants with light wavelengths that target photosynthesis without worrying about overheating. A 5-mm LED grow light adds (on average) 0.1 BTUs per square foot over crops. To put this number in perspective, standing close to plants to contribute your own body heat would provide 600 times more BTUs than a 5-mm LED plant light. We won’t see LED grow light manufacturers adding heat to their arrays any time soon because heat is the enemy of LED lifetime, which is one of the primary advantages of the technology.

What we are left with is one light source creating too much heat, and one light source that doesn’t provide any. When LEDs are used as supplemental lighting or to extend photoperiod in a greenhouse or other area receiving natural light, radiant heat is provided by the sun. When gardening indoors, without sunlight, many applications are best served by a combination of LEDs and HID lighting. To be clear—plants can grow under LEDs only, but they will grow much slower without the radiant heat provided by the sun or HID lighting. Using LEDs and HID lighting together, we can maintain the growth rates indoor gardeners have come to expect and still dramatically decrease the operating costs while increasing the efficiency of an indoor garden. Run LEDs for the entire photoperiod to provide quality light, and use a reduced amount of HID lighting turned on periodically to provide only the heat you need and no more. To make the most of LED technology, one should consider how all aspects of the environment are affected. As someone who has been using LED technology since its inception, here are some tips:

“LED technology has made it possible to saturate plants with light wavelengths that target photosynthesis without worrying about overheating.”

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

“When gardening indoors, without sunlight, many applications are best served by a combination of LEDs and HID lighting.”

 Design your controlled plant growth environment around your LED light source. LEDs will likely be your biggest investment and most permanent fixture. High brightness 5-mm LEDs are rated for 100,000 hours of life (20 years if you use them 12 hours a day). If you already have an environment designed around highpressure sodium or metal-halide lighting, for every lamp you switch over to LEDs, there will be a corresponding decrease in environmental temperature, water use and ventilation requirements that should be considered.  Enclose your grow space to reduce effort spent on climate control. If you have a 4 ft. by 4 ft. garden in a 10 ft. by 10 ft. room, it’s going to be easier and will require less resources to control the 4 ft. by 4 ft. area than to control the whole room. Using a reflective material (white) gives your plants more than one opportunity to absorb the light.  Keep your plant pots as far from the floor as possible to keep root zones at optimal temperature. Heat rises and the floor will be the coldest area in the room.

led grow lights

“To make the most of LED technology, one should consider how all aspects of the environment are affected.”

 Spend at least 30 minutes per day in your garden. It doesn’t matter if everything is on a timer, in selfwatering buckets with state-of-the-art climate controls. A garden needs a gardener. Use the time to inspect the plants for signs of disease or pests, rotate or turn them, and all the while your breath will be increasing CO2 concentrations.  Monitor and control temperature/humidity levels to stimulate healthy plant growth. Transpiration happens on the leaves for transfer of water molecules back and forth from humid air to maintain healthy water levels in plants. Ideal humidity and temperature levels vary by plant species, but a general rule of thumb is to make the daytime humidity around 60 to 65%, and daytime temperature between 73 and 85°F, allowing the temperature to drop 10 to 15°F at night. When the lights turn off, exchange the air inside the garden for cooler air.  Look out for overwatering. Without the heat, we have little evaporation taking place under LEDs. LED gardeners should develop a new watering schedule. Water thoroughly and then wait to see how long it takes for the plants to completely dry out. Use this information to develop the schedule. Grow mediums designed for water retention should be mixed with other mediums that encourage porosity (hold air). Remember, whatever heat you add to your environment is to make the plants drink water.  Add some heat. Photosynthesis increases (up to a point) with increased temperature. For vegetative stages, raising ambient temperature is fine. For fruiting stages, use a radiant light source to spray heat directly on the leaves. The goal is to add exactly enough heat and humidity to keep your plants drinking (from the roots and from the air). 100

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

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Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

Understanding

Genetically Modified Organisms by Grubbycup The debate over whether genetically engineered crops should be allowed in the human food supply continues. Grubbycup shares some positives and negatives about genetically modified organisms.

104

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; October 2013

understanding gmos The ability to create genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has the potential to be either beneficial or baneful to human society, depending on how it is used. The traditional method of controlling an organism’s gene pool is to limit the potential mates for reproduction (breeding). For example, if a gardener is trying to breed for red flowers, then they will collect and use seeds from parent plants that have red flowers (or are suspected of having the recessive gene for red flowers). Plants that produce flowers of other colors are not used for reproduction. By limiting the gene pool in this way, over generations, the proportion of the red flowering gene in the population can be increased until most or all of the offspring produce red flowers. Two major limitations of traditional breeding are that it is time consuming, often taking many generations for a particular trait to show with regularity, and to be successful, the genes for that trait must occur naturally in the starting stock. Genetic engineering allows for the creation of genetically modified organisms. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the blueprint cells use for development and function. Changing this blueprint (the genotype) can have an effect on the physical form (phenotype) of the organism. This is done limitations of tr aditional by altering breeding are th at the DNA consuming, often it is time (the genetic generations for taking many ap code) to to show with re articular trait g create new be successful, th ularity, and to e genes for th combinations.

Two major

at trait must occur naturally in the starting stock.”

106

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

107

understanding gmos

Mutagenesis is one way to change the genetic code of a cell. Exposure to radiation or to certain chemicals (often carcinogens) can make changes to the genetic code by physical alteration. When these cells replicate, they use the damaged instructions, which may result in new cells containing a changed instruction set. Early forms of commercial mutagenesis research exposed large numbers of plant seeds to radiation, which were then sprouted and the survivors checked for interesting developments. Modern methods of mutagenesis are much more controlled and exacting. Transgenesis allows for combining genetic material from one organism with another, even if the two are not able to normally share genetic code by sexual reproduction. For example, DNA Plant Technology’s “fish tomato” shared genetic material from an Arctic flounder with a tomato plant. This may be done by splicing the genetic code for a particular trait from one organism into the DNA of another organism. This altered code is then either combined with a bacterial or

108

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

Since DNA

is the blueprint for how an organism’s cells grow and behave, this technology can create new life forms from combining existing organisms.”

retrovirus carrier, or directly introduced into a reproductive or stem cell. When a bacterial carrier is used, the altered DNA is inserted into the bacteria, which is used to infect the cells of a host plant. Tiny glass needles, or particles of gold or tungsten, can be used for direct physical implantation into cells. Once treated, the survivors of these first transgenic cells can then be used to start new varieties of GMO life. When cells replicate, the changed DNA is copied as well. Since DNA is the blueprint for how an organism’s cells grow and behave, this technology can create new life forms from combining existing organisms. In plants, the infected cells are extracted and replicated using tissue culture techniques, allowing a small number of treated cells to develop into full-sized plants. In animals, treatment takes place in the early stages of the animal’s development so that natural processes can be used to develop the animal into a full-sized organism. Once an initial transgenic population is established, they can be used to generate as many offspring as needed.

understanding gmos

For example, Yorktown Technologies owns the rights to several lines of transgenically modified zebra danio fish. The appropriately named “green fluorescent protein” (GFP) gene from a glowing jellyfish was introduced into a zebra danio line to create a patented (and trademarked) line of genetically engineered pets known as GloFish. Using a similar technique, they have also taken genetic code from a sea coral to create red, green, orange, blue and purple zebrafish. In a similar fashion, mice have been developed that create insulin for diabetics, and plants have been made that are more resistant to disease, herbicides and have longer shelf life. One aspect of interest with GMOs is that because they are an artificial creation, they are often patentable, and not only the individual organisms, but also the genetic code can be owned—similar to a copyright. Many GMO products are sold with a prohibition against allowing offspring. In some cases, fields of transgenic plants have pollinated neighboring fields, contaminating otherwise non-GMO crops. In extreme cases, this has resulted in the GMO-producing company accusing farmers with neighboring fields of patent infringement. Of particular concern is the introduction of GMOs into the food supply for humans. Benefits of using GMOs include the creation of super versions of standard food supply plants and animals. Resistance to disease, pollution, environmental stress and drought can be improved using genetic modification. Traits not occurring in nature can be added to organisms, and new lifeforms can be created as needs change. With the mounting issues associated with world overpopulation, GMOs may provide a way to continue to feed an ever increasing number of mouths with a finite amount of farmable land, buying time to develop a more sustainable longterm solution. As expertise in the field grows, customized life becomes easier to create. 110

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

111

understanding gmos One concern about using GMOs in the food supply is that this practice gives exploitable leverage to the large corporations owning no thetic life is n the rights y s g n ti a re for c fiction, to new life g of science in th a r e g lon forms. Another life.” of modern concern is the but a facet possibility of a flaw in one of the new forms that causes harm to itself or others that may go unnoticed until there is a widespread reliance on it. Unlike heritage varieties that are open pollinated and legal to save the seeds from year after year, the life created by GMOs have legal issues that give permanent rights to their creator’s employers (or licensees), which often prohibit unauthorized reproduction. A final drawback to mention is that the sale of genetically modified organisms for food is illegal in some areas around the globe, so any produce grown for export to such countries should be GMO free and not grown in pollen proximity to GMO crops. As a legal question, even though in common usage in the United States, there is still debate over whether or not these new life forms should be allowed for use in the food supply, and if so, whether or not the consumer should be informed by labeling or another method. Due to the end-user agreement restrictions placed by the GMO companies, impartial independent testing and study is often not legally possible. Since each new life form is crafted from slightly different parts, some may be beneficial, some baneful and some indifferent. A flaw in one GMO product does not mean that all GMO products share the same flaw, and just because one GMO product proves safe does not mean they all are. The technology for creating synthetic life is no longer a thing of science fiction, but a facet of modern life. As with any far-reaching technology, conscience and social responsibility should be at least as much a consideration for use as profit and power.

The gy technolo

112

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

growing for health

g n i x i M r u yo w o Gr s m u i d Me by Chad Garbet

No one wants to grow their plants in poor soil. However, even if you have the best soil, you can always add certain things— or mix together mediums—to help your plants grow. Everyone strives to get the best soil to grow the best plants, but there is always a way to make it even better. Making the soil a better medium is called soil conditioning or soil amendment. These conditioners add things to make plant growth better. Some conditioners include lime, peat, diatomaceous earth, clay, vermiculite, hydrogel and shredded bark, which 114

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all increase the water retention. Conditioners that add to the soil’s nutrients include manure and composts. I make a special mix of soil, and it works wonders for my soil plants. The soil I use is usually a type of pro mix after I add all my fertilizers like black worm castings, kelp, seaweed and some powdered minerals. This is to make sure the soil has a

good nutrient value for plants. Also, the organic fertilizers will take a while to break down, so the plant will be fed slowly over a period of time. The water retention is the next step, and rocks are an easy fix for that. I prefer to use diatomaceous earth—a porous, silica-rich stone that retains water and helps drain it, too. My mix also contains another water retention aid: coco coir. Coco coir has great drainage and water retention, and it also helps hold in precious nutrient values while keeping the soil aerated. All in all, the ratio I use is about 50% soil and fertilizer mix, 25% diatomaceous earth and 25% coco coir. I have never seen soil-based tomato plants grow so fast and lush as they do in this mix, and I have used a lot of different soils throughout my gardening lifetime. Growing a soil garden in the summer is always a great escape from everyday life. Build a small getaway and let your plants flourish in the soil mix and you will have a lush jungle or some vigorous veggies in no time. Just remember that the nutrients in the soil do deplete, so try to stay on top of fertilizing the soil and turn the soil over after your garden is done for the winter and again in early spring. This will keep the soil aerated and help distribute the nutrients evenly throughout the soil mix. Hydroponics also has a pretty big list of grow mediums, including diatomaceous earth, coco coir, coco polymer, rockwool, clay pebble and perlite. These mediums are all usually used alone; however, strange combinations are always fun to try (it’s important to have fun while you garden). That being said, knowing about growing mediums before doing so is always a good idea—you can’t be too sure before putting seedlings into a medium.

people have even tried soil and hydroponics). There is no limit to the combinations. Taking the time to make the best grow mediums always pays off in the end; experimenting with grow mediums can help expand one’s garden knowledge and

“All growing mediums have their benefits and their downfalls. This is why some gardeners like to mix things up.” lead to the greatest garden ever grown. It’s also fun to try new things, even though they sound a bit out to lunch. Try something bold—make your own mix and enter the world of the new and strange; you might find you quite like it. Chad Garbet considers plants the most fascinating things on our planet. Trying to get information about growing plants out to the general public is his goal. He works at Word of Mouth Hydroponics Inc. in Nanaimo, British Columbia, where he passes on his growing knowledge to customers. Cities are paved and covered in glass and steel; Chad wants to see jungles inside our major cities and on every corner on every street.

“The organic fertilizers will take a while to break down, so the plant will be fed slowly over a period of time.” The hydroponic grow medium that I prefer is a form of diatomaceous earth. Its high silicate content is a major benefit to plant cellular structure, and it has good water retention. It’s also a natural pesticide that causes pests to dehydrate. Another good option is coco polymer. It has the perfect moisture retention—not too wet and not too dry—for plant growth. If you mix the polymer with the diatomaceous earth, you will find all the rocks will fall to the bottom and the polymer will come out on top, but there is a solution to this. Using equal amounts of each medium, first put down a layer of polymer, then a layer of diatomaceous earth, followed by more polymer and finally finishing with more diatomaceous earth on the top. This builds “shelves” for the roots to expand into the coco polymer, resulting in huge healthy root masses. All growing mediums have their benefits and their downfalls. This is why some gardeners like to mix things up (some Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

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Wasabi

Try Growing Your Own

by Dr Lynette Morgan

Wasabi, an Asian plant with a strong flavor known for stimulating the nasal passages, has gained popularity in other parts of the world in recent years. Turns out, the semi-aquatic plant is well suited to hydroponic production, and we’ve got the inside information on how to grow your own.

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wasabi Freshly grated wasabi, less than an hour from harvest to plate, has to be one of the most highly prized culinary experiences. The effect of wasabi on the palette is not subtle or mild; quality wasabi can literally blast the nasal passages with a distinctive heat and flavor which has, in recent years, become much more widely appreciated. What is exciting about wasabi is that being a semi-aquatic vegetable, it is well suited to hydroponic production, and quality, yields and growth rates can be boosted using soilless methods if the right conditions are provided. This, coupled with the increasing availability of young wasabi plants and offsets sold by herb producers and commercial growers, means indoor gardeners can now grow this exotic, expensive and exciting plant.

“In an indoor garden, wasabi needs not only a cool environment with maximum air flow, but also careful consideration of the lighting provided.” While well suited to hydroponics, wasabi japonica does have specific requirements for optimum growth that have given it the reputation of being difficult to grow. Much of this reputation stems from the fact that, unlike many other crops and herbs we grow hydroponically, wasabi is a cool season plant with little heat tolerance. For this reason, growing indoors, where light, air and solution temperatures can be highly controlled, give optimal results. In its native environment—the stony riverbanks of

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“Root systems also become large and dense as most plants are grown for a period of 18 months to two years or longer.”

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cold mountain streams in Japan—the plant is often under shade with its roots semi-immersed in flowing, naturally oxygenated water. Commercial wasabi operations in Japan and other countries often aim to replicate this environment by creating raised beds of gravel through which cool, high-quality water flows. Many smaller growers have had success growing wasabi in pots in well-ventilated shade houses similar to those used for ferns. In an indoor garden, wasabi needs not only a cool environment with maximum air flow, but also careful consideration of the lighting provided. Hot, direct HID lighting may burn wasabi foliage and result in too much heat loading; LEDs similar in intensity to those used for micro greens and lettuce are ideal. Since wasabi has similar temperature optimums to other cool season crops such as lettuce and many salad greens (50 to 72°F), this herb can be easily incorporated in an indoor growing area set up specifically for these crops. While wasabi plants can withstand warmer conditions, these will result in leaf wilting during the day, reduced growth rates and plant decline, all of which are symptoms of temperature stress. Damping down the plants during warm weather can assist with temperature reduction in summer as can fog or mist systems inside the growing area.

Deep gravel beds allow maximum drainage of the nutrient solution after each irrigation. 120

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wasabi

Hydroponic systems for small scale wasabi production Wasabi plants can reach a substantial size at maturity and this needs to be taken into account when planting the small seedlings or

offsets. An 18-month-old, healthy plant (cultivar dependant) can be 2-ft. tall and more than 2-ft. wide as it spreads out during development. A plant of this size should have multiple harvestable stems

“The harvestable portion of the wasabi plant is the stem that forms above ground and elongates as the plant matures.”

as well as small offsets or shoots that can be taken to propagate more planting stock and a dense canopy of rounded, brittle leaves on long, thin stems. Root systems also become large and dense as most plants are grown for a period of 18 months to two years or longer. For this reason wasabi plants are better suited to a large media bed system rather than nutrient film technique, where channels can become blocked with the extensive root mat. It is essential that the growing medium be free draining to help prevent stem and root rot. Despite being considered a semi-aquatic plant, wasabi doesn’t seem to thrive in a continually submerged system or one where the nutrient stagnates in the media, as this excludes oxygen, which the root system has a high requirement for.

Mature wasabi plants produce small white flowers, from which seed may develop if pollination occurs. 122

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Clean, sterilized river gravel is a good medium for a small wasabi system and has been used successfully for hydroponic crops. Similar substrates such as coarse perlite, different types of grow rocks sold in the hydroponic industry, scoria and chunky bark or coconut fiber chip (similar to that used for many species of orchids) are also suitable, provided all are free draining and highly aerated. Ideally, grow beds need to be at least 1-ft. deep with nutrient solution applied via an intermittent drip irrigation system to the top of the substrate using a cycle that does not flood the plants at any time. The nutrient should be applied so that the surface of the substrate remains relatively dry most of the time while the medium underneath is cool and moist. Wasabi, like many crops, is prone to developing fungal disease and stem rots around the base of the plant if conditions become overly wet due to excess irrigation. This is one of the reasons why commercial, outdoor wasabi systems often use a raised row or mounded system to keep the surface of the growing media dry directly under the plants, so that flooding around the delicate stems and leaf bases does not occur.

“The unique flavor and heat of wasabi is derived from a range of volatile compounds that are released from the plant tissue and dissipate rapidly.”

Mature, harvested wasabi stem, ready for peeling and grating. 124

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wasabi

“While there are a few different wasabi cultivars, there is not an extensive selection grown commercially.”

Nutrient management

Wasabi plants, like many members of the crucifer or cabbage family, seem to benefit from regular changes of the nutrient solution. This may be due to plants producing exudates that accumulate in recirculating nutrient systems and begin to slow growth and mineral uptake. Dumping and replacing the nutrient solution with a fresh batch each week for larger, mature plants is advised, while smaller plants can be run for two to three weeks on the same solution. If plant growth appears to slow or plants are not removing nutrients from the solution (for example, EC levels don’t fall over time), then changing the nutrient solution will often cause a boost in growth and nutrient uptake. Wasabi appears to have similar nutrient requirements to other members of the crucifer family and the addition of extra sulphur during the stem development and elongation phase may assist the development of volatile

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wasabi compounds within the plant tissue. In Japan, sulphur is sometimes sprayed onto the crop to enhance flavor and this can also be carried out in hdyroponically grown wasabi. Research into hydroponic wasabi production has shown that young plants are best maintained at an EC of 1.2 to 1.8, increasing up to 2.4 as plants mature. EC can be lowered under warmer temperatures to assist plants in taking up water and transpiring to cool themselves, and increased under lower temperatures to assist with flavor development. As for pH, levels are optimal at 5.8 as this assists with iron uptake, particularly under cooler growing conditions.

Planting and propagation

Wasabi can be propagated from both seed and vegetatively via offsets or small, rooted shoots that form around the outside of mature plants. Herb suppliers often sell young plantlets that can be shipped in damp sawdust. Hydroponic growers are advised to start their plants from offsets, as the seed has dormancy requirements that can make germination slow and unpredictable. While there are a few different wasabi cultivars, there is not an extensive selection grown commercially. The most commonly grown varieties in hydroponics are midori and daruma, which vary slightly in growth form, flavor and heat.

Harvesting and preparation of home grown wasabi

The harvestable portion of the wasabi plant is the stem that forms above ground and elongates as the plant matures. Wasabi stems suitable for harvest develop over a 12- to 18-month period and as the older, lower leaves age, they die and fall from the stem, leaving a leaf scar. It is the increasing length of leafless stem that is harvested. Stem thickness is typically up to an inch in diameter with first-grade stems being at least 6 to 7 in. in length. 128

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wasabi

Early development of a wasabi plant showing main stem and smaller side stems.

The unique flavor and heat of wasabi is derived from a range of volatile compounds that are released from the plant tissue and dissipate rapidly. Fresh wasabi stems have a limited shelf life and once cut from the plant should be refrigerated, but ideally used immediately after harvest and within 20 minutes of preparation. The cleaned and scrubbed stems are grated-—traditionally in Japan this is done with a sharkskin grater—to gently shred the fresh stem tissue into a smooth paste, a process that creates the unique flavor of pure wasabi. Apart from the thick, firstgrade stems sold for fresh consumption, the smaller stems and leaves of the wasabi plant are used for paste and other products as they have a similar but less intense flavor. There is no comparison between high-quality, freshly grated wasabi stem and the inferior green paste sold in tubes (often not made from wasabi at all). Growing your own wasabi is a culinary pleasure that is highly rewarding and, given the price of first-grade fresh wasabi stems, could also be profitable. With a little attention to environmental control and careful nurturing, wasabi will thrive in a hydroponic system and make a valuable addition to any indoor garden.

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E O T H X P 09 AT H E 3 & S U AC 7 E B E 30 SE G N LO ooths B

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beginner’s corner

Garden

Cloches:

Giving plants More time by Susan Eitel Photos submitted.

Creating a longer growing season is a viable project that anyone can undertake just by using garden cloches. I’'m fairly certain Albert Einstein did not have the garden cloche in mind when he calculated his famous theories of relativity, but I think he would have enjoyed the simplicity of the idea. Time appears relatively slower every day your growing season becomes longer. While other growers are busy preparing to tuck their gardens away for the winter, the turning of the leaves no longer has to mark the end of your growing season. You can continue to happily produce some of your hardier vegetable varieties well into the longer, crisp and frosty nights of autumn. Fresh vegetables from your garden are a treat at any time of the year, but especially when they are used in warming soups and stews when the colder times are upon us. So what is a cloche, and what does it have to do with your garden? The word cloche is derived from the latin word for cloak, or clocca, that referred to the loose-fitting capes that were rounded at the shoulder and flared out at the bottom resembling the shape of a bell. Some say that cloche actually means clock, from the Middle Dutch cloke, and indicates that the time was marked by the sound of a bell. Whichever side you take, 132

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the garden cloche is most agreeably recognized as a bell-shaped glass jar that gardeners put over immature plants in the spring and fall to protect them from the elements—an old and simple idea that is still relevant today. The cloche serves the same function as cold frames, movable row covers and greenhouses, but only in a smaller, single-serving size. The concept is simple. The soil and air remains warmer inside the jar than the ambient temperatures on the outside, prolonging more favorable conditions for growing younger plants. As the fall season is upon us, it is the perfect time to plan how we can best take advantage of the cloche in our own gardens, as well as plan for their continued use in the spring. The traditional glass jar serves as a functional, yet whimsical, aesthetic covering, but may not be the most practical or economical material available to the 21st century gardener. Plastic cloches are readily available at many retail locations, but the environmentally minded, DIYer could just as easily convert everyday household items into coverings that are just as effective and available at no additional cost. Plastic water bottles come in every size and shape and with a sharp knife you can create a bottomless jar with little effort. Just remove the cap for good air circulation and don’t forget to anchor your cloche to the ground. Heavier glass is much more resistant to winds and weather than the lighter-weight plastic, reducing your homemade cloche to little more than urban tumbleweed and your hardy plants to compost. It is also good practice to pack soil, straw or some other mulching material at the base of your plastic jar as an additional barrier to the elements. When you are finished with your homemade cloche, you always have the option of saving them for reuse, or recycling. If you have your heart set on the decidedly more classy glass cloche, there are many styles and prices available. For the more creative and industrious, you can even attempt to build a unique, personalized glass covering. It can be as simple as a cold-frame structure, as complicated as a miniature Victorian greenhouse, or you can even repurpose an interesting light fixture. The choice is yours and the options are limitless. Creating a longer growing season is a viable project anyone can undertake and a real boon for the avid gardener. The garden cloche is perhaps the simplest of all methods to achieve this goal and by far the most economical. They can be spontaneously created and employed without detailed planning— unlike a larger greenhouse. Slow time down, extend your growing season and enjoy.

¨Plastic water bottles come in every size and shape and with a sharp knife you can create a bottomless jar with little effort. Just remove the cap for good air circulation and don’'t forget to anchor your cloche to the ground.¨

Susan Eitel has a degree in landscape horticulture from Humber College in Toronto, Ontario, in Canada. She has worked in the hydroponics industry for more than 25 years, which has proved invaluable over the years. She currently lives in the Niagara area with her beloved husband and dog. She writes on behalf of Homegrown Hydroponics. Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

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The

t s e B t x e N Thing... by Russell Landry Sometimes, there is neither time nor budget to be the best gardener you can be. But, when time is against you or funds are low, there are ways to ensure yields don’t suffer so much. Read on to discover a few of the next best things.

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the next best thing

Problem:

Your soil is devoid of life. Bacteria and fungi are depleted. You can’t afford to bolster the soil with costly fungi inoculants or bacteria concoctions for a while.

The Next Best Thing:

Worms and casting teas complete a garden patch in many ways. Earthworms benefit gardens by enhancing the soil in the most natural manner possible. They dig and burrow their way through the soil, creating channels and air passages that help the earth retain aerobic conditions below the surface. But getting earthworms to enjoy your garden habitat is a lengthy chore and would require reams of organic matter. For them to set up camp permanently in your garden soil is simply not feasible. Red wrigglers like compost and fresh organic matter and plenty of it. Growers can make a hearty brew of worm tea from their castings that can be used as foliar sprays or drenched on plant rooting zones. Worm castings are now widely available, as the vermicomposting craze has begun in North America. Castings are usually suspended in water, mixed with sugars and air brewed for a few days. Bubbled to an aerobic froth, they laterally team with bacteria that provide nutrients. These watery teas become filled with micro-organisms that plants love and thrive in. Teas can be diluted and applied to plant leaves and root zones. They leave behind a plethora of beneficial products that are readily absorbed by plants’ root systems.

“ Growers can make a hearty brew of worm tea from their castings that can be used as foliar sprays or drenched on plant rooting zones. Worm castings are now widely available, as the vermicomposting craze has begun in North America.” 136

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the next best thing

Problem:

You haven’t had the time to water your plants as frequently as you want to. It is hot and dry and your plants are beginning to wilt.

The Next Best Thing:

Ask family and friends to help with watering chores. Purchase inexpensive, battery-operated irrigation timers and set up hoses, sprinkler heads, flow monitors and tank fill shut-off valves. Raised tanks and containers use gravity for drip irrigation lines that provide a constant flow of water when you are not there. Finally, mulch the soil to conserve moisture over longer intervals. Soil moisture content plays a critical role in the movement of fruit-building calcium and other micro-nutrients in the soil and its uptake by roots. Without sufficient soil moisture, calcium mobility will be lost. Nutrients are absorbed only by young root tips in which the cell walls of the epidermis are unsuberized. Suberin is a waxy, cork-like substance through which water and nutrients cannot move. Once the suberin layer develops in these cells, water and calcium can no longer be absorbed in sufficient quantities necessary to sustain increased fruit weights and yields. Avoid drought stress and wide fluctuations in soil moisture by using mulches and irrigation timers. Even a brief soil water deficit can disrupt water and nutrient flow in the plant. If this occurs while fruits are developing, the result is often blossom end rot, pitting and splitting. Plants generally need about 1 in. of moisture per week from rain or irrigation for proper growth and development. If irrigation of any kind is available, it should be used during periods of hot, drying winds. Start to irrigate at the beginning of the dry spell. Mulching, which serves to maintain an even level of soil moisture, should be practised where feasible. Caution is required, as mulches containing high ammonium should be restricted. Leaves and straw that are high in carbon make the best mulches.

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Problem:

Insects are attacking your plants, causing injury and disease issues, but costly insecticides are out of the question.

The Next Best Thing:

Consider integrated pest management and the use of insect traps to keep the bugs under control. IPM involves the use of regular monitoring and observation to establish pest infestation levels. Traps and lures allow for the use of pesticides as only a last line of defense. Insect traps use a lure of some kind—-food, color, shape, light or pheromones-—as bait for capturing and controlling damaging pests. Pheromones are highly effective chemicals released into the environment in small amounts by insects to attract others. They are specific to species and can stimulate males or females. Traps can be used to detect small insect populations that may not require pesticide use. They are easy to install and monitor, are generally non-toxic, can be used all season long and there are many low budget types available. The use of insect traps and lures also goes hand-inhand with a friendly and healthy environment, as growers don’t need to don personal protective equipment during their use.

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the next best thing

Problem:

You’re concerned about powdery mildew on your plants. You have purchased some fungicides that would work well for your intended purposes, but you are considering a more natural approach this year.

The Next Best Thing:

There are some good, natural remedies for mildew problems on plants. While milk and baking soda are effective alternatives, they need to be reapplied often, especially after watering, resulting in time-consuming spraying chores. The most effective solution to this problem is to apply phosphites through foliar canopy sprays and root drenching products. Phosphites control disease while enhancing systemic growth properties. They are also thought to boost plant vigor and vitality while hiking yields and fruit weights to loftier levels. Not to be confused with phosphates (P), which contain an extra cation of oxygen,

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phosphites differ from common P forms by being highly soluble and generally unstable in the rhizosphere, so they are easily absorbed by plant roots and leaves, moving up through the xylem and into the phloem. Phosphites distribute macro mineral elements to all parts of a plant’s vascular system. Phosphites are relatively benign to fungi, bacteria and other soil fauna. Similar to a slow-release fertilizer, molecules are eventually transformed by microbes into phosphates within the soil and plants by accumulating an extra oxygen atom. The result is often higher concentrations of root building, highly soluble and available P and the accompanying cations. When combined with positive cation formulations of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, boron, manganese or magnesium, the instability and solubility of phosphite helps to release extra cations of these important elements into the soil solution. Phosphites are also known to control soilborne diseases such as phytophthora through a systemic acquired response within the plant.

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the next best thing

Problem:

Soil and garden health has deteriorated mainly through the loss of organic matter and the breakdown of the soil’s sub-structure through compaction. You have limited ability to amend the soil with organic matter or soil conditioners.

The Next Best Thing:

To improve drainage and air exchange, consider subsoiling (deep tilling), chisel plowing and double-digging to improve air and water infiltration. Garden and greenhouse soil quality can change rapidly in modern, heavily amended plots. The indicator of the overall health or quality of your soil is the soil’s fitness to support a large, vibrant system of roots that move plants to maturity while achieving maximum yields. Grower activities, including movement over the soil of heavy equipment and foot traffic along with poor tilling practices, can reduce soil health, lower yields and result in soil compaction. Compaction or degradation of soil structure reduces seedling root development, restricts entry and movement of air and water into and through soil, increases the risk of erosion and reduces fruit weights. Soils are particularly vulnerable to structural degradation when they are fine-textured, wet and low in organic matter content. In the backyard garden, years of adding organic matter and shallow tilling can result in stratified layers of soil—the upper layers often consist of richly amended organic matter while the lower substructures contain clay. Lower-level stratified soils have small particles (such as clay) and allow only slow movement of water and contaminants through the soil. Soil compaction happens when soil particles are pressed tightly together. Reducing the pore space between them greatly increases the soil’s bulk density. The loss of large pore spaces decreases the oxygen supply to roots, restricting their growth, and hastens the probability of anaerobic root diseases. Reducing the drainage of water out of the soil

“ In the backyard garden, years of adding organic matter and shallow tilling can result in stratified layers of soil—the upper layers often consist of richly amended organic matter while the lower substructures contain clay.” concentrates nutrients and further restricts growth. Maintaining the soil’s sub-structure is just as essential to sustaining long-term productivity as amending the upper soil levels with organic matter. Good sub-structure means that restricted aeration and drainage do not limit a plant’s total root mass and allows for deeper-rooted plants that are better able to withstand climate fluctuations. Opening up the sub-soil results in lower concentrations of anaerobic root diseases, lower concentrations of stored water and nutrients in the lower layers and enhanced aeration and drainage.

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Green thumb gardening

Drying and Smoking Harvests:

How to Improve Longevity and Flavor by David Kessler Harvesting

So, you have been bulking up your knowledge and skills as a grower, and your garden has produced more than you could possibly use. You find yourself with the enviable problem of having a bumper crop! Don’t let your excess go to waste. Consider the following options to increase the longevity and enhance the flavors of your bountiful harvest.

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Getting the best flavor out of your crop starts with when you harvest. Once most herbs, fruits or vegetables have been harvested, their ability to produce sugar declines or stops (although some fruits will continue to ripen off of the vine). Then, the plant will cannibalize its starch reserves, converting them to sugar and thereby increasing the Brix or sugar content of the plant material. A scientific study determined that one should harvest hay (or any plant) when the sugar and starch content or total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) is at its peak in the plant’s diurnal cycle. This simply means one should always harvest at the end of the day. In the case of indoor growers, this means you should harvest right before your lights go off. This is because the TNC content is at its lowest point at sunrise/lights-on because the plant used carbohydrates for respiration during the previous night. By harvesting in the evening, or right before the lights go out, the plant will be at its maximum sugar content.

Drying

Drying your herbs, fruits or vegetables is a great way to keep your harvest for a longer period of time; it is actually the oldest known method of preserving food. Dried foods can be stored for long periods of time because their low moisture content reduces the risk of spoilage. There are several options for drying your crop, such as kiln or oven drying, food dehydrators or sun drying, but my favorite is slow drying. With slow drying, you get the highest conversion of starch to sugar, and the best-tasting product. The keys to slow drying are to make sure your drying space has the right humidity and temperature, slight air movement and to maintain a high surface area to air ratio for what you are drying. That is to say you don’t want to just pile a bunch of peppers in a bowl and wait for them to dry; that is a surefire way to get a bunch of moldy peppers.

The humidity for slow drying should be maintained at 40 to 60%. The temperature for fruit and vegetable drying should be between 100 to 140°F; this is usually done in an oven or food dehydrator due to high water content (but the lower and slower you dry, the better flavor your crop will have). The water content of fruits and vegetables can make some types unsuitable for slow drying. For herbs and lowwater content vegetables like hot peppers, you can tie them in bunches and hang them from string, or place them on a drying rack or mesh drying screen in a thin layer (remember your high surface area to air ratio) and then maintain the temperature at about 60°F. Keep herbs out of direct sunlight as this can damage their delicate aroma. Drying can take anywhere from several days to two weeks depending on what you are drying. Again, remember that the slower you dry, the more flavor it will have, but if you do not maintain your temperature, humidity and air movement, you will end up with a bunch of mold.

Smoking

Smoking is one of my favorite methods of preserving food. Smoking food is believed to date back to the time of cavemen. By exposing food to smoke for a period of time you effectively remove the moisture from the food while simultaneously imparting the smoky flavor of

the smoking wood. Popular woods used in smoking include hickory, oak, mesquite and apple wood. Smoking is a great method for drying thin-walled peppers for later use in cooking.

You not only preserve the peppers but you create unique flavor combinations perfect for use in chili, salsas and hot sauces. Below are instructions for smoking peppers.

You will need: - A wood smoker (I used a propane fired wood smoker) - 1.5 lbs of your favorite hot peppers (I used orange habaneros)

- Wood chips of your preference (I used apple wood) - Water off peppers in warm water and place them •Rinse on a paper towel to dry fully. wood chips in water for a minimum •Soak of one hour. •Pre-heat the smoker to 200 to 225°F. smoker is at the desired temperature, place •Once the peppers in a single layer directly on the racks. •Place wet wood chips in smoke pan or box. water or a combination of water and juice to •Add the water pan. This will add moisture to the smoke and slow down the drying process. Leave peppers smoking for 2 to 2.5 hours, or until they are dehydrated. You want them to be crisp, but you do not want them to crumble into powder. Remove peppers from smoker and let them cool. Place in a canning jar, vacuum seal bags or Ziploc bags until ready to use.

• • •

David Kessler heads research and development at Atlantis Hydroponics and writes for their popular blog. David has more than two decades of experience and multiple degrees from the State University of New York. He’s also an accredited judge for the American Orchid Society and travels the world judging orchid events. Follow his blog at atlantishydroponics.wordpress.com

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Growing Media Part 1

by Dr. Mike Nichols and Damian Duggan-Jones

Choosing the right growing medium is critical to ensure the productivity of plants, but what, exactly, is a grower to do? Read on to learn more.

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growing media media we use today, and yet it was only published in 1939—a mere 70 years ago. We have come a long way in such a short time, but there is still a lot to learn. The book’s authors state that in 1939, the potting media used depended purely on tradition. These traditions were passed down from head gardener to head gardener in the large houses, as any study of 19th century gardening books will demonstrate. Specific mixtures were established for a wide range of crops, such as pineapples, tomatoes, melons, etc., with each potting medium subtly different. Lawrence describes this as “the old complexity” in which seed and potting composts (media) included materials such as loam, leaf soil, manure and sand in widely varying proportions depending on plant species, age and the inclination of the head gardener. The magic (and uniqueness) of the work by Lawrence and Newell was to demonstrate that it is possible to grow a wide range of plants in the same growing medium, and that there are certain basic principles that apply to every growing medium.

Specific mixtures were established for a wide range of crops, such as pineapples, tomatoes, melons, etc., with each potting medium subtly different.”

Last summer holidays, I (Mike Nichols) visited Nelson, one of New Zealand’s sunshine cities, but this particular year it let me down, with several wet days, so I ended up visiting secondhand bookshops. Among the books I purchased was the early edition of a book titled Seed and Potting Composts by W.J.C. Lawrence and John Newell of the John Innes Horticultural Institute. This 136-page book is probably the father of the modern growing

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growing media These principles include freedom from diseases and pests, stable physical conditions–—good aeration and good moisture-holding characteristics—and an adequate and balanced supply of nutrients at every stage of the crop’s development. The key to the John Innes potting composts was standardization.

For the J.I. seed compost: 2 parts loam + 1 part peat + 1 part sand And for the J.I. potting compost: 7 parts loam + 3 parts peat + 2 parts sand

Intherethe 1950 s, was a movement

away from soil-based media and towards a range of soilless media.”

The loam was a sterilized medium loam, the peat was moss or sedge peat, and the sand was clean and evenly graded. With these formulas, a pathogen-free medium with stable physical attributes was established. The nutrient supply was provided by superphosphate plus chalk in the seed compost, with

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chalk, superphosphate, sulphate of potash and hoof and horn for the potting compost. The precise components are not important now because we have moved on, but the key factor is that the mixtures were standardized, and worked well for an extremely wide range of crops. In the 1950s, there was a movement away from soilbased media and towards a range of soilless media,

growing media

becomes a question of economics—both products are relatively light but bulky, and freight costs become a major consideration. There is also a disposal problem with rockwool. The naturally occurring organic and inorganic materials can usually be disposed of locally as soil amendincluding the Cornell mix (peat plus perlite), the ments, so pose no real problems in that respect, University of California (UC) mix (peat plus sand) but there is an increasing demand (and therefore and the UK mix (developed by Bunt) similar to the competition) by other users for many of the so-called UC mix. But over time it was discovered that the organic waste products and there is the problem peat supplies marketed had a finer particle of weight to consider in the case of many of size and that this resulted in reduced the inorganic products. porosity and poorer root growth than With the exception of hydroponic syswhen the original mixtures were tems such as nutrient film technique being developed. In addition, and aeroponics, all greenhouse there was pressure on the peat it was discovered that the plants are grown in a medium and producers for environmental reapeat supplies marketed had a at this point in time, the only fully sons to reduce (or even cease) standardized medium is rockwool, finer particle size and that this harvesting peat for horticultural where the amount of pore space is resulted in reduced porosity purposes, so alternative sources precisely defined. of materials for soilless media

Over time

were actively being sought. Soilless media are divided into a number of distinct classifications, which include:

and poorer root growth than when the original mixtures were being developed.”

1) Manufactured products such as rockwool (stone wool) or polyurethane foams. 2) Natural inorganic products such as pumice, perlite or sand.

Table 1: Percentage of Size Fractions

% of the different fractions

3) “Waste” organic products such as peat, coir, bark or wood pulp. The whole exercise comes down to one of local availability and economics and this is a good example of one solution not fitting all cases. A current gold standard for growing media is rockwool, which can be manufactured to precise aeration and moisture-holding characteristics. Polyurethene foam media will have similar attributes. The problem then

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Particle size considerations

Omer Verdonck from Belgium has demonstrated the wide range of particle sizes that can occur in different commercial samples of peat, bark or perlite. Table 1 shows the percentage of size fractions for three different samples of peat, one sample of composted pine bark and two different samples of perlite:

0-1 mm 1-2 mm 2-3 mm 3-5 mm 5-8 mm Peat 1

44.2

19.6

4.0

17.6

14.6

Peat 2

50.9

19.6

3.3

15.2

11.0

Peat 3

55.2

14.8

3.0

13.4

13.6

Pine Bark 12.5 47.4 12.1 11.1 16.9 Perlite 1

68.2

27.6

3.8

0.4

0.0

Perlite 2 26.3 46.3 22.8 4.1 0.5

growing media In Table 2, he has also demonstrated how these different fractions determine the aeration characteristics of the medium and the amount of easily available soil moisture that these fractions can hold.

Size fraction (mm) Volume % air

Volume %

EAW

Peat 1

0-1

6.9

35.5

Peat 2

1-2

37.5

27.4

Peat 3

3-5

50.4

13.1

Bark 1

0-1

12.6

24.6

Bark 2

1-2

38.2

9.0

Bark 3

3-5

53.5

3.1

Perlite 1

0-1

20.4

42.9

Perlite 2

1-2

57.7

1.2

For example, peat is not simply peat— from a horticultural viewpoint, its performance will depend on the size of the particles. This will apply with any medium. The situation is further complicated by the fact that we do not generally use precisely size-graded media, but a mix of different particle sizes, and this mix can have a huge effect on the physical characteristics of the medium (Table 3).

Physical properties Fractions in % Mixtures 0-1 mm 1-2 mm 3-5 mm Vol % air

Table 2: Physical Properties of the Different Fractions

Medium

Table 3: Physical Properties of Peat Comprising Different Size Fractions

Vol % EAW

20 60 20 27.9 25.2

30 50 20 20.6 27.8

40 40 20 12.5 31.4

peat is not

simply peat—from a horticultural viewpoint, its performance will depend on the size of the particles.” Similar results have been found with composted bark (Table 4). Table 4: Physical Properties of Composted Bark Mixtures

Physical properties Fractions in % Mixtures 0-1 mm 1-2 mm 3-5 mm Vol % air Vol % EAW

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10 50 40 38.2 9.0

30 30 40 30.5 14.7

50 10 40 12.6 24.6

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growing media The pattern is not necessarily what one might imagine because the smaller particles take up some of the aeration space between the larger particles; therefore, a small increase in the proportion of small particles can have a large influence on the reduction in air space. There is a whole science to the way particles of different diameters (and shapes) pack together, as it has real relevance in the construction industry and also in determining the stability of land.

a small

increase in the proportion of small particles can have a large influence on the reduction in air space.â&#x20AC;?

Sadly, this is not the end because we do not usually use a medium comprising a single material, we tend to use mixtures and this further complicates the picture (see Table 5).

Table 5: Effect of Different Mixes of Peat and Perlite on the Physical Characteristics of a Medium.

mix effects

Mixture Ratio Vol % air Vol % EAW

Peat

100%

10.4

26.4

Peat/Perlite

95/5%

20.1

25.9

Peat/Perlite

90/10%

26.4

24.4

Peat/Perlite

80/20%

30.1

22.2

The addition of perlite improves the aeration characteristics, but at the same time reduces the water-holding characteristics of the medium. These results are pertinent both for the greenhouse vegetable producer and also for the cell seedling grower, as they suggest methods that could be used to improve productivity. In the case of the tomato/cucumber/capsicum grower, considerable money has been invested to ensure that the above ground environment is near optimal for the crop, and yet little information is available on the appropriate media characteristics to ensure optimal aeration and moisture holding characteristics. In the case of pumice, what information is available on the appropriate mix of particle sizes for growing these crops in greenhouses over the long term? If we are to target heavy yields, then there is little point in concentrating solely on the aerial environment alone. To learn more, stay tuned for the second part of this article, which will appear in the next issue of Maximum Yield. Article reprinted with permission from Practical Hydroponics.

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A Beginner’s Guide to Product Labels Part two:

Light Bulbs by Matt LeBannister

With so many types of grow lights on the market these days, those labels on the store shelves can start to look a bit like alphabet soup rather than anything meaningful. For part two of A “Beginner’s Guide to Product Labels”, the spotlight is on light bulbs. Horticultural light bulbs designed for indoor gardening can have a tremendous amount of information listed on the product label, and not every bulb is created the same. There are multitudes of bulbs out there for every conceivable purpose. Understanding exactly what all the listed information means can allow the gardener to make a knowledgeable decision and purchase the bulb that is right for their plants.

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HPS

HPS stands for high-pressure sodium bulbs. These bulbs are primarily used during the bloom phase of plant growth, as the spectrum they emit is favorable to fruiting and flowering plants. Using HPS bulbs during the bloom phase will produce bigger, dense flower growth and an increase in overall yield.

MH stands for metal-halide bulbs. The spectrum emitted by MH bulbs is on the blue side, which keeps plant growth rich, squat and dense. MH bulbs are mainly used during the growth phase of plant development but are available in a neutral spectrum that can be used for all stages of growth. There are also MH bulbs suited solely for the bloom phase.

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lighting

LED LED stands for light-emitting diode lamps. These lamps are low wattage and can last as long as 10 years. Somewhat untested, they are likely the future of horticultural lamps.

Cool, Warm and Neutral Many horticultural light bulbs are labeled as either cool, warm or neutral. This refers to the spectrum of the bulb and stage of plant growth it is best suited for. Cool refers to a spectrum that is more blue and can be accompanied by blue packaging. Cool bulbs are for the growth phase. Warm refers to bulbs that emit light more on the red end of the spectrum and are often in red packaging. They are best used for the bloom phase of plant growth. Neutral refers to a more yellow spectrum that can be efficiently used for all stages of plant growth. Neutral bulbs are not as good as switching between cool and warm bulbs, but you do save money by only needing one bulb.

Watts All bulbs list the wattage on the product packaging. Bulbs come in a multitude of different wattages. Some common wattages are 250 W, 400 W and 1,000 W. The wattage tells the consumer how powerful the bulb is, which will determine the size of the grow space it can effectively light. The wattage is also important because it tells us what ballast it matches up with. For instance, a 400-W MH bulb needs a 400-W MH ballast for it to fire, and a 600-W HPS bulb needs a 600-W HPS ballast to fire it. There are digital ballasts that can power both HPS and MH bulbs as long as the wattage matches the ballast.

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Conversion Bulbs Conversion bulbs are a neat innovation. They are bulbs that can be powered by the opposite ballast, which saves growers money because they only need to buy one ballast for both MH and HPS bulbs.

PAR Watts PAR stands for photosynthetically active radiation. This has to do with the direct amount of light produced by the bulb that can actually be used and absorbed as energy by the plant. The PAR watts shows how efficient a grow bulb is.

You can buy cheaper bulbs that were intended for industrial use, but the spectrum won’t be designed for growing and the PAR watts will be low. For the best results you want the highest available

“Many horticultural light bulbs are labeled as either cool, warm or neutral. This is referring to the spectrum of the bulb and stage of plant growth it is best suited for.”

lighting

“On the packaging of any quality grow bulb will be listed the guaranteed starting lumens and foot candles. This amount will gradually decline over time relative to the amount of use the bulb gets.” PAR watts for the bulb. Along with PAR watt listings there is often a visual description of the spectrum in the form of a colored graph. This will depict the spikes of light in various sections of the light spectrum. This may be accompanied by a colour rating in Kelvins. Cool bulbs will typically be around 6,500 K while warm bulbs lean towards 3,200 K.

Lumens and Foot Candles Lumens and foot candles are units used to measure the exact level of

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light each bulb produces. On the packaging of any quality grow bulb will be listed the guaranteed starting lumens and foot candles. This amount will gradually decline over time relative to the amount of use the bulb gets. The spectrum will also change slightly over time. This is why I recommend replacing your bulbs every eight to 12 months to ensure optimal output and plant growth.

In Conclusion There is so much information available on horticultural grow bulb packaging that it can be confusing at times. But this wealth of knowledge is meant to offer security to the gardener so they know exactly what each bulb can

provide their plants. Take the time to read the packaging carefully to make sure the bulb is right for you. And never be afraid to consult your local hydroponic retailer. They may have some great anecdotal advice that can lead you in the right direction when buying your next grow bulb.

Matt LeBannister developed a green thumb as a child, having been born into a family of experienced gardeners. During his career, he has managed a hydroponic retail store and represented leading companies at the Indoor Gardening Expos as a marketer. Matt has been writing articles for Maximum Yield since 2007.

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Keeping Peppers over the Winter:

How To

Winter Peppers by Heather Rhoades

Many gardeners regard pepper plants as being annuals, but, with a little care indoors, you can keep your pepper plants over the winter.

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how to winter peppers

Overwintering pepper plants can be a little tricky, but if you own a specialty pepper, especially chili peppers, keeping peppers over the winter is a great way to get a jump start on the season next year and increase the length of the production period of your pepper plant. Keep reading to learn how to keep peppers over winter.

How to Winter Peppers Indoors

If you plan on overwintering pepper plants indoors, realize that doing this will keep the plant alive, but it will not produce fruit. To produce fruit, peppers need a certain temperature and amount of light that the average house cannot provide in the winter. If you want to grow peppers for fruit in the winter, you will need to do so in a greenhouse with supplemental light. The first step in over wintering the plants is to bring them indoors. When you do so, thoroughly spray the plant down. This will help to knock off any pests that may be hiding on the leaves. Remove all pepper fruit, mature or immature, from the plant. The next step is to find a cool, dry location to store the pepper plant. It is important to store the plants somewhere that stays around 55°F. An attached garage or a basement is ideal. For pepper winter care, the plant will not need much light, so near a window or near a lamp with a fluorescent bulb will be enough light in these locations. Once you have placed the pepper plant in this location, cut back the watering. When you are keeping peppers over the winter, you will find that they need far less water than in the summer. You will only need to water the plant once every three to four weeks while overwintering pepper plants. Do not let the soil stay soaked, but also do not let it dry out completely.

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Shortly after you place the pepper in a cool location and cut back watering, you will notice the leaves starting to die back. Don’t panic. This is normal. The pepper plant is entering dormancy. It is almost the same thing as what happens to trees outdoors.

For pepper winter care, the plant will not need much light, so near a window or near a lamp with a fluorescent bulb will be enough light in these locations.” Once the leaves start to die, you can prune back the pepper plant. Prune back the branches of the pepper plant to a few main Y’s on the plant, leaving about 1 to 2 in. for the upper part of the Y. This step in overwintering pepper plants will remove the dying leaves and make the plant less susceptible to pests. The plant will grow new branches in the spring. To finish your pepper winter care, about a month before your last frost date, bring your pepper plant out of the cool location and move it to a brighter, warmer location. You may even want to use a heating pad under the pot to add additional heat. Resume watering, but make sure not to overwater the pepper plant. In a week or so, you should see some new growth appear. That being said, even if you correctly follow all of the steps for how to keep peppers over winter, you may find that your plant does not survive. When overwintering pepper plants, some varieties will perform better than others. But, when keeping peppers over the winter works, you will be guaranteed a bumper crop of your favorite peppers.

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10 facts on...

Potassium

by philip mcintosh

1. Potassium, atomic symbol K, is a soft silvery metal (so soft it can be cut with a knife) with atomic number 19. Like nitrogen and phosphorus, it is one of the three major plant nutrient elements.

6. Potassium deficiency causes plants to wilt easily and grow slowly. It is a highly mobile element so symptoms appear in the oldest leaves first.

2. The English name potassium is derived from potash, the potassium hydroxide compound from which it was first isolated in 1807. 3. The main reagents used for supplying K in a nutrient solution are potassium nitrate (KNO3) and potassium sulfate (K2SO4). 4. The Romans knew not of potassium, but the atomic symbol K, derived from the Latin name for the element—kalium.

7. Potassium metal oxidizes quickly in air and reacts violently with water, so it must be stored immersed in oil. 8. Plants need and contain a lot of potassium—generally 1 to 3% of their dry weight. Fruit-producing species need even more, with bananas containing as much as 10% potassium by dry weight.

5. Potassium easily loses an electron to form the K+ ion, which is the form used by plants. Potassium is an enzyme activator and plays a major role in regulating the ionic balance and osmotic potential in plant tissues. It is part of the system that opens and closes stomata.

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9. Potassium metal has no use in agriculture and does not exist naturally on earth. 10. Plants have no trouble taking in K+ ions so if there is a lot available, they tend to absorb it. Excess K can result in metabolic problems caused by an imbalance with other ions, especially Ca2+ and Mg2+. Interference with nitrate uptake may result in nitrogen deficiency symptoms.

talking shop

The Hydro Gardens Wholesale storefront in Lancaster, Ohio.

AT A GLANCE Company: Hydro Gardens Wholesale Owners: Damon Phieffer Location: 1144 N. Memorial Dr. Lancaster, Ohio 43130 Phone: 1-740-654-9376 Web: hydrogw.com E-mail: info@hydrogw.com Company Motto: “Grow Faster With Us!”

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There was a bit of a learning curve for Damon Phieffer, the owner of Hydro Gardens Wholesale in Ohio, when he decided to switch over from selling audio electronics to indoor gardening supplies. But since then, Damon has not stopped learning new things, or having fun. Before he came to own Hydro Gardens Wholesale in Lancaster, Ohio, Damon Phieffer owned and operated a chain of home and car audio electronic stores. Things took a turn for Damon in the late ’90s when friends from New York showed him the ins and outs of the gardening industry. He was immediately hooked, taking his new knowledge and applying it to switching industries altogether. In the spring of 2000, Damon opened up Hydro Gardens Wholesale. The shop is a great example of a retail store that is also able to fill wholesale orders and provide wholesale pricing. “We are committed to providing top-of-theline hydroponics gardening supplies for indoor and outdoor growing needs,” shares Damon. In the beginning, Damon was learning new stuff every day and having a lot of fun while he was at it. “I found it to be an exciting new business,” he says. Starting out, Damon had two store managers and a sales person helping him out with things. Store displays were set up almost immediately, and tomatoes, peppers and flowers of all types began blooming in the storefront of Hydro Gardens Wholesale. “We all had to learn more about inside gardening and some of the problems you run into,” says Damon of the steep learning curve involved as he went from home theatres and booming bass systems to grow lights and hydroponics.

It wasn’t all excitement and fun times, however. There were some initial struggles, like not being able to buy in large enough quantities from manufacturers to receive the best pricing, Damon reveals. But building relationships with loyal customers and a gradual increase in overall sales led to Hydro Gardens Wholesale being able to place larger orders, and therefore pass on the savings to customers. “We did a lot of advertising in print, radio and billboards. We also started manufacturing our own line of grow lights and stands,” shares Damon. “We then brought in private labels for our own line of fertilizers.” Today, Hydro Gardens Wholesale boasts a fully stocked warehouse with items ready to deliver. Items are available for same-day shipping and are easy to order online and in person. “With our unique selection of best-in-class products, customers now have better choices. We offer great prices, great product support and great service,” says Damon, who now has four full-time staff members and 10 part-time employees contributing to the team. Hydro Gardens Wholesale stocks digital and magnetic ballasts, T5 lights and bulbs, water and air pumps, LED lights, trimmers, pots, nutrients, flood tables, air-cooled reflectors, timers and controllers, and more. The shop carries many trusted brands like R&M Supply, Nutriculture, Dyna Grow, Smart Pot, Hydrologic, C.A.P., Hydrotek, DL Wholesale and many more, with new products added monthly. Another contributing factor to Hydro Gardens Wholesale’s

Plants thriving inside the Hydro Gardens Wholesale showroom.

“ we also have our own line of high output digital LED lights, plastic grow pots and fertilizers.” success is the fact that they take the time to show customers effective shortcuts and faster ways to grow. This dedication and attention to detail has led to Hydro Gardens Wholesale becoming one of the largest hydroponic showrooms in Ohio with a storefront of 5,000 sq.ft. and an additional 10,000 sq. ft. of warehouse space. “We are currently manufacturing and private labeling 200+ products, including HID grow lights and reflectors—among the largest in the industry—and we also have our own line of high output digital LED lights, plastic grow pots and fertilizers,” says Damon, adding that he is proud of his shop’s ability to bend and adapt to meet the demands of a quickly changing and demanding market, and considers this adaptability one of his store’s biggest strengths. “We are known for our product knowledge. We are selling to colleges, to schools, to greenhouse operators, as well as professional and hobby growers,” he says.

One of many product displays inside Hydro Gardens Wholesale.

To check out Hydro Gardens Wholesale’s online catalog, visit hydrogw.com where you’ll find complete product descriptions, pricing and a secure log-in area. Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

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You tell us

Highlighting the benefits of Illumitex at an expo.

From its home base in Austin, Texas, Illumitex manufactures and sells agricultural and commercial LED lighting fixtureS. Exclusively for Maximum Yield, the company has shared a bit more about how it got its start eight years ago, and why the future is bright for Illumitex. 172

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

Tell us a little about how your company got started. Founded in 2005 by imaging and optics industry veterans, Illumitex’s US-based, industry-shifting achievements began with a fresh approach to traditional LED design. Illumitex has radically transformed traditional LED design and greatly increased functionality with the creation of an LED package that emits light in a uniform, highly-precise beam directly from the source.

The result: with die-level optical integration, the need for secondary optics to control light is obsolete, opening the world to more versatile, energy efficient lighting applications.

Who are the people behind Illumitex? Illumitex is funded by some of the largest and oldest venture capital companies in North America, along with international industry leaders such as Gerard Lighting Australia and Syngenta.

What is your company’s philosophy? At Illumitex, we design agricultural lighting systems based on our advanced scientific knowledge of plant physiology. Our Agricultural LED line is driven by one goal: to utilize scientific evidence and careful analysis of available data to create the most functional agricultural lighting systems. To fully understand the impact that light radiation has on plants, we rely on published scientific data and photobiology experiments conducted by our industry partners as well as our own in-house plant growth experiments.

What products are you seeing the most demand for this year? Why do you think that is? The NeoSol NS and Eclipse are in high demand. We feel that LED lighting for horticulture (vertical farms, greenhouses, aquaponic and hydroponic systems) is part of an emerging market towards not only energy savings, but also the need for putting the forward light on the task with precision patented optics like the ones you get from Illumitex.

How do your products benefit the environment? Our products use LEDs, which are Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) compliant. They contain no mercury and no UV radiation, making them energy-efficient options.

LED lighting for indoor gardens has taken off in a major way. What are the reasons for this? I believe consumers are becoming more aware of the energy efficiency and long life of LED lights. Today’s consumer is environmentally conscious and LEDs are inherently much better for the environment in that they contain no mercury, they have low energy consumption and are RoHS compliant.

A Safari Light Bar Pod made by Illumitex.

What does the beginner gardener need to know about selecting the right lighting for their operations? The beginner gardener needs to first look at the geometry of their grow space. Measuring the length, width, and height of their grow area will best position them for choosing the appropriate number of Illumitex fixtures. Secondly, the spectrum of light should be chosen based on what the end goals are of the growing activities. Illumitex offers a series of spectra that aim to maximize various photomorphological responses. The F3 spectrum is the most widely used and facilitates an effective vegetative and flowering response across numerous plant species.

Your Eclipse fixtures look pretty neat. Where are they used? Our Eclipse fixtures are used in vertical farms, greenhouses, growth chambers, tissue culture labs, hydroponic installations and aeroponic installations. The Eclipse fixtures (we offer a single and a double bar) boast patented LED technology, ultra-precision beam control, edge-to-edge color uniformity, no required cooling fans and an adjustable light pattern. The Eclipse fixtures offer maximum photosynthetic light on plants, are

lightweight and silent, IP66-rated and require no assembly. Best of all, they are very thin—only 0.8-in. high—giving the consumer the ability to maximize the amount of plants that can be integrated into a growth area.

What are the major differences between the NeoSol NS and the NeoSol LS? Why are these options important? The main difference is the size. The NeoSol NS is a plant-growth fixture used for home and hobby projects. It has six bars using nine LEDs per bar. The NeoSol LS has one bar using nine LEDs. Both fixtures have ultra-precision beam control, use no remote ballast, require no cooling fan and are IP66 rated. The NeoSols promote germination and flowering by using our F3 spectrum and have a 60,000-hour LED lifetime.

Is there anything happening at the R&D stage you’re at liberty to tell us about? We have several exciting new products being launched later this year— Safari, used in greenhouses for flower management, and a few others that we will introduce in the next several months.

Want more Illumitex? Visit illumitex.com or call 1-512-279-5020.

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MAX-mART

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OPPORTUNITY TO PURCHASE an established, profitable business in the high growth hydroponics industry-located in New Mexico. OWNER IS WILLING TO TRAIN THE NEW OWNER FOR A PERIOD OF TIME. For additional information about this listing, please contact the representative below:

NCRE GROUP, LLC Robert Newstead | Principal 408-628-4301 (D) 408-608-0391 (F) rnewstead@ncregroup.com

Want to see your store advertised here? call 1.250.729.2677 for more info

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MAXIMUM YIELD MAXIMUM YIELD distributors distributors

Retail Stores listed alphabetically city each state. Retail Stores listed alphabetically byby city inin each state.

ALABAMA Alabama Organics 3348 Bethel Rd. Hammondville, AL 35989 256-635-0802 Hydro-Ponics Inc. (of Birmingham) 2969 Pelham Pkwy. Suite. 3 Pelham, AL 35124 205-358-3009

ALASKA Far North Garden Supply 2834 Boniface Parkway Anchorage, AK 99504 907-333-3141 Southside Garden Supply AK 12870 Old Seward Hwy., Unit 114 Anchorage, AK 99515 907-339-9997 Holmtown Nursery Inc. 1301 - 30th Ave. Fairbanks, AK 99701 907-451-8733 Home Grown Hydroponics 2401 East Baseline Rd. Gilbert, AZ 85234 480-633-2100 Ground Control Hydroponic & Garden Supplies 1392 Ocean Dr. Homer, AK 99603 907-235-1521 Northern Lights Greenhouse & Garden Supply Suite 105-9737 Mud Bay Rd. Ketchikan, AK 9901 907-225-GROW (4769) Mesa Hydroponics 1720 W. Southern Ave. Suite C7 Mesa, AZ 85202 480-969-4769 Alaska Jack’s Hydroponics and Garden Supply 1150 S. Colony Way, Suite 9 Palmer, AK 99645 907-746-4774 Peninsula Garden Supply AK 44224 Sterling Hwy., Suite 4 Soldotna, AK 99669 907-420-0401 Alaska Jack’s Hydroponics and Garden Supply 244 S Sylvan Way, Unit 25 Wasilla, AK 99654 907-373-4757 Far North Garden Supply 300 Centaur Street Wasilla, AK 99654 907-376-7586

ARIZONA Happy Harvesters Hydroponics 1400 S. Arizona Ave. Suite 11 Chandler, AZ 85286 480-857-8878 Arizona Hydroponics 3900 E Western Dr. #D Cottonwood, AZ 86326 928-649-1138 Sea of Green Flagstaff 204 East Route 66 Flagstaff, AZ 86001 928-774-7643 Home Grown Hydroponics 2401 East Baseline Rd. Gilbert, AZ 85234 480-633-2100

Sea of Green West 2340 W. Bell Rd., Suite 116 Phoenix, AZ 602-504-8842 Show Low Hydroponics 1400 E. Deuce of Clubs #2 Show Low, AZ 85901 928-537-4606 ACI Hydroponics 1325 South Park Lane Tempe, AZ 85282 800-633-2137 Home Grown Hydroponics 1845 East Broadway Tempe, AZ 85282 480-377-9096 Sea of Green Hydroponics 1301 E. University Dr. Tempe, AZ 85281 800-266-4136 _________________________

Gonzo Grow 10297 W Van Buren St., Suite 8 Tolleson, AZ 85353 623-780-GROW (4769) _________________________ Sea of Green Hydroponics 402 North 4th Ave. Tucson, AZ 85705 520-622-6344 Sea of Green Tuscon East 7955 E. Broadway Blvd., #151. Tucson, AZ 85710 520-751-7745 _________________________

Tucson Hydroponics & Organics 4235 W. Ina Rd., Suite 131 Tucson, AZ 85741 520-395-2052 _________________________

ARKANSAS Mickey’s Mercantile 1303 Hwy., 65 South Clinton, AR 72031 501-412-0214 Old Soul Organics and More 1771 Crossover Rd. Fayetteville, AR 72701 479-444-6955 Growfresh Organics & More 2900 Zero St., Suite 106 Fort Smith, AR 72901 479-648-8885 Fermentables 3915 Crutcher St. N. Little Rock, AR 72118 501-758-6261 Anuway Hydroponics 2711 W. Walnut St. Rogers, Ar 72756 479-631-0099

CALIFORNIA

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A Fertile World 5565 W End Rd Arcata, CA 95521 707-825-0255 _________________________ American Hydroponics 286 South G St. Arcata, CA 95521 800-458-6543 Let It Grow 160 Westwood Center Arcata, CA 95521 707-822-8733 _________________________

Northcoast Horticulture Supply 639 6th St. Arcata, CA 95521 707-826-9998 _________________________ Sweet Harvest Hydroponics & Organics 1041 E. Grand Ave. Arroyo Grande, CA 93420 805-473-0004 Auburn Organic 4035 Grass Valley Hwy. Auburn, CA 95602 530-823-8900 Quail Mountain Ranch 230 Palm Ave. Auburn, CA 95603 530-889-2390 Tell 2 Friends Indoor Gardening 62 Sutherland Dr. Auburn, CA 95603 530-889-8171 Bakersfield Hydroponics Bakersfield, CA 661-808-4640 Green with Envy 3903 Patton Way #103 Bakersfield, CA 93308 661-588-8269 Kern Hydroponics 2408 Brundage Lane, Suite B Bakersfield, CA 93304 661-323-7333 Super Starts PO Box 732 Bellmont, CA 94002 650-346-8009 Berkeley Indoor Garden 844 University Ave. Berkeley, CA 94710 510-549-2918 Berkeley’s Secret Garden 921 University Ave. Berkeley, CA 94710 510-486-0117 The Hydroponic Connection Berkeley 2816 San Pablo Ave. Berkeley, CA 94702 510-704-9376 _________________________

Greenleaf Hydroponics 1839 W Lincoln Ave. Anaheim, CA 92801 714-254-0005

Brentwood Hydroponics & Organics 560 Valdry Ct Suite B-1 Brentwood, CA 94513 925-634-6704 _________________________

The Grow Shop LLC 1733 E. McDowell Rd. Phoenix, AZ 85006 602-340-7591

Grow It Yourself Gardens 401 Sunset Dr., Suite F Antioch, CA 94509 925-755-GROW

Hydro Galaxy 3314 W. Burbank Burbank CA 91505 800-818-6128

Home Grown Hydroponics 1838 W. Bell Rd. Phoenix, AZ 85023 602-368-4005

High Desert Hydroponics 13631 Pawnee Rd., #7 Apple Valley, CA 92308 760-247-2090

The Hydro Closet 5826 West Olive Ave. #106 Glendale, AZ 85302 602-361-2049

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Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

Good To Grow & Global Garden Supply 1350 Rollins Rd. Burlingame, CA 94010 650-733-4420

Advanced Garden Supply 3113 Alhambra Dr., Unit F Cameron Park, CA 95682 530-676-2100

Under The Sun 13361 East Highway 20 Clearlake Oaks, CA 95423 707-998-GROW

Sky High Garden Supply 3081 Alhambra Dr., Suite 105 Cameron Park, CA 95682 530-676-4009

G & G Organics and Hydroponics 901 W. Victoria Street Unit D Compton, CA 90220 310-632-0122

Precision Hydroponics 132 Kennedy Ave. Campbell, CA 95008 408-866-8176 Advanced Hydroponics 17808 Sierra Hwy. Canyon Country, CA 91351 Myron L Company 2450 Impala Dr. Carlsband, CA 9210-7226 760-438-2021; 661-299-1603 _________________________

San Diego Hydroponics North County Coastal 6352 Corte Del Abeto #J Carlsbad CA, 92011 760-420-8934 _________________________

The Greenhouse Garden Supply 7619 Fair Oak Blvd. Carmichael, CA 95608 916-515-9130 thegreenhousegardensupply.com _________________________ NorCal Creations PO Box 28 Cedar Ridge, CA 95924 _________________________

The Hydro Shop of Cerritos 15961 S. Piuma Ave. Cerritos CA 90703 562-653-0700 _________________________ Chico Garden Center 3028 Esplanade Ave. Unit E Chico, CA 95973 Garden Connection, The 629 Entler Ave. #32 Chico, CA 95928 530-342-7762 Hydro King 2540 South Whitman Place Chico, CA 959282 530-893-GROW (4769) Grow4Less Garden Supply & Hydroponics 320 Trousdale Dr., Suite L Chula Visa, CA 91910 619-425-GROW Mothers Earth 871 Harold Place. #108 Chula Vista, CA 91914 619-240-3235 _________________________

San Diego Hydroponics North 645 Marsat Court #101 Chula Vista, CA 91911 619-737-9272 _________________________ Citrus Heights Hydrogarden 8043 Greenback Lane Citrus Heights, CA 95610 916-728-4769 Green Thumb Hydroponics 6412 Tupelo Dr. Citrus Heights, CA 95621 916-721-6969 Conrad Hydroponics Inc. 14915 Unit E, Olympic Dr. Clearlake, CA 95422 707-994 3264

Concord Indoor Garden 2771 Clayton Rd. Concord, CA 94519 925-671-2520 Hydroponics Plus 2250 Commerce Ave., Suite C Concord, CA 94520 925-691-7615 123 Grow 2175 Sampson Ave. #123, Corona, CA 92879 951-280-9232 Hydrostar Hydroponics & Organics 1307 W. Sixth St., #211 Corona, CA 92882 951-479-8069 _________________________

The Hydro Spot 21785 Temescal Cyn Rd. Corona, CA 92883 _________________________ A+ Hydroponics & Organics 1604 Babcock St. Costa Mesa, CA 92627 949-642-7776 The Hydro Source 671 E. Edna Pl. Covina, CA 91723 877 HYDRO 82; 626-915-3128 Let it Grow 1228 2nd St. Crescent City, CA 95531 707-464-9086 Pacific Coast Hydroponics 4147 Sepulveda Boulevard Culver City, CA 90230 310-313-1354 Dr. Greenthumbs Hydroponic Garden Supplies 566 San Ramon Valley Blvd. Danville, CA 94526 925-314-9376 Constantly Growing - Davis 123 D St. Davis, CA 95616 530-756-4774 Central Valley Gardening 9884 Stephens St. Delhi, CA 95315 209-668-2178 Constantly Growing 6200 Enterprise Dr., Suite A Diamond Springs, CA 95619 530-642-9710 Appleseed Hydroponics 6650 Merchandise Way, Suite B Diamond Springs, CA 95619 530-622-5190 Victory Garden Supply 1900 N Lincoln St., #100 Dixon, CA 95620 707-678-5800 Watch it Grow Hydro 9453 Firestone Blvd. Downey, CA USA 562-861-1928 _________________________

East County Garden Depot 1529 North Cuyamaca St El Cajon, CA 92020 (619)270-8649 _________________________ Grow A Lot Hydroponics, San Diego 1591 N. Cuyamaca St. El Cajon, CA 93612 619-749-6777

Indoor Garden Solution Inc. 12424 Exline St. El Monte, CA 91732 626-453-0443 Encinitas Hydroponics 463 Encinitas Blvd. Encinitas, CA 9202 Go Green Hydroponics 15721 Ventura Boulevard Encino, CA 91436 818-990-1198 _________________________

A Fertile World (Eureka) 6th St. Eureka, CA 95501 707-444-0200 _________________________ Bayside Garden Supply 4061 Highway 101 Ste 6 Eureka, CA 95503 707-826-7435 ________________________

Humboldt Hydroponics 1302 Union St. Eureka, CA 95501 707-443-4304 _________________________

Northcoast Horticulture Supply 60 West 4th St. Eureka, CA 95501 707-444-9999 _________________________ Happy Green Lawn Care 3890 Walnut Dr. Eureka, CA 95534 707-497-6186 Constantly Growing 4301 Hazel Ave. Fair Oaks, CA 95628 916-962-0043 Fallbrook Hydro 208 E Mission Rd., Suite B Fallbrook, CA 92028 760-728-4769 Tulare County Growers Supply 435 W. Noble Ave., Unit A Farmersville, CA 93223 559-732-8247 Santa Cruz Hydroponics & Organics - North 6241 Graham Hill Rd. Felton, CA 95018 831-335-9000 _________________________

Eel River Hydroponics & Soil Supply 164 Dinsmore Dr. Fortuna, CA 95540 707-726-0395 _________________________ The Shop 8635 Mirabel Rd. Forestville, CA 95436 866-223-0198; 707-887-2280 Dirt Cheap Hydroponics 17975 H Hwy. 1 Fort Bragg, CA 95437 707-964-4211 Headlands Garden Supply 630 North Franklin St. Fort Bragg, CA 95437 707-964-4447 Hydrogarden Mendocino County 1240 North Main St. Fort Bragg, CA 95437 707-962-9252

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A Fertile World (Fortuna) 610 7th St. Fortuna, CA 95540 707-725-0700 _________________________

Northcoast Horticulture Supply 357 Main St. Fortuna, CA 95540 707-725-5550 _________________________ Nature’s Secret Garden and Supply 41451 Albrae St. Fremont, CA 94577 510-623-8393 _________________________

Gro More Gard en Supply & Hydroponics Gro More Garden Supply & Hydroponics 2686 Clovis Ave., Suite 109 Fresno, CA 93727 559-348-1055 _________________________

Roots Grow Supply 1330 North Hulbert, #101 Fresno, CA 93728 559-840-0122 _________________________ North Side Garden Supply 4529 N. Marty, Suite 102 Fresno, CA 93722 559-495-1140 Full Scale Soil & Hydro 2501 Business Park, Suite A Fresno, CA 93727 559 292 ROOT Valley Hydroponics 207 E. Sierra Ave. Fresno, CA 93710 559-449-0426 Grow Wurks Hydroponics 765 S. State College Blvd., Suite J Fullerton, CA 92831 714-253-Grow (4769) SB Hydro 1109 W. 190th St., Unit #F Gardena, CA 90248 310-538-5788 Golden Gecko Garden Center 4665 Marshall Rd. Garden Valley, CA 95633 530-333-2394 Probiotic Solutions 20889 Geyserville Ave. Geyserville, CA 95441 707-354-4342 _________________________

Hydroponics Outlet 320 Kishimura Dr., Unit #3 Gilroy, CA 95020 408-848-0884 _________________________

Zen Hydroponics 1801 Victory Blvd. Glendale, CA 91201 877 ZEN Grow; 818-806-4500 _________________________ Laid Back Gardens 340 Pine Avenue Goleta, CA 93117 805-845-2471

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Grass Valley Hydrogarden 12506 Loma Rica Dr. Grass Valley, CA 95945 530-477-2996 grassvalleyhydrogarden.com _________________________

AG Natural 403 Idaho Maryland Rd. Grass Valley, CA 95945 530-274 0990 _________________________ West Coast Growers Hydroponics 13481 Colifax Hwy. Grass Valley, CA 95945 888-924-4769 530 Hydo & Soil 10021 Wolf Rd. C-16 Grass Velley, CA 95949 Joy’s Green Garden Supply 340-A Elm Ave. Greenfield, CA 93927 831-674-1416 All Seasons Hydroponics 17614 Chatsworth St. Granada Hills, CA 91344 818-368-4388 Dirt Cheap Hydroponic 151 N 7th St. #4 Grover Beach, CA 93433 805-473-3478 Growers Choice Hydroponics 42089 Watkins St. Hayward, CA 94544 510-278-6200 M.G.S. 22540 D FoothillBlvd. Hayward, CA 94541 510-582-0900 American Ave Hydroponics 1208 W. Winton Ave. Hayward, CA 94545 510-785-4376 Thrive Hydroponics 30-A Mill St. Healdsburg, CA 95448 707-433-4068 Hydro Zen 3518 Tanya Ave. Hemet, CA 92545 951-392-5016 Bear Valley Hydroponics & Homebrewing 17455 Bear Valley Rd. Hesperia, CA 92345 760-949-3400 Emerald Garden 13325 South Hwy. 101 Hopland, CA 95482 707-744-8300 Surf City Hydroponics 7391 Warner Ave., Suite B Huntington Beach, CA 92647 714-847-7900 Hydroluv Hydroponics 16582 Gothard St. Huntington Beach, CA 92647 714-916-0428 Dutch Garden Supplies Park Circle, Suite 12 Irvine, CA 92614 949-748-8777 West Coast Hydroponics, Inc. 27665 Forbes Rd., Unit 10 Laguna Niguel, CA 92677 949-348-2424 Hydro Life Hydroponics 18109 E Valley Blvd. La Puente, CA 91744 626-581-8800 La Habra Hydroponics 1301 S Beach Blvd., Suite O La Habra, CA 90631 562-947-8383

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Grass Roots Hydroponics 31875 Corydon, Suite 130 Lake Elsinore, CA 92530 951-245-2390 _________________________

South County Hydroponics 22511 Aspan St., Suite A Lake Forest, CA 92630 949-837-8252 _________________________ Clover Hydroponics & Garden Supply 43 Soda Bay Rd. Lakeport, CA 95453 707-263-4000 _________________________

Valley Rock Landscape Supply 2222 N H St. Lompoc, CA 93436 805-736-0841; 805-735-5921 562 Hydro Shop 717 East Artesia Blvd. Long Beach, CA 90805 562-726-1101 _________________________

Green Coast Hydroponics 2405 Mira Mar Ave. Long Beach, CA 90815 562-627-5636 _________________________ Grow Light Express 5318 East Second St., Suite 164 Long Beach, CA 90803 888-318-GROW _________________________

Long Beach Hydroponics & Organics

1772 Clark Ave.

San Diego Hydroponics East County 11649 Riverside Dr., Suite 141 Lakeside, CA 92040 619-562-3276 _________________________

Total Hydroponics Center Inc 4820 Paramount Blvd. Lakewood, CA 90712 562-984-GROW (4769) _________________________ Room to Grow 43511 13th St. W Lancaster, CA 43511 661-940-5599 _________________________

Hydro Bros. 1471 B St., Suite F Livingston, CA 95334 209-394-7319 _________________________ Big Daddy Garden Supply 42400 Hwy. 101 Laytonville, CA 95454 707-984-7181 Weather Top Nursery 44901 Harmon Dr. Laytonville, CA 95454 707-984-6385 Livermore Hydroponics 22 Rickenbacker Crl. S Livermore, CA 94551 925-454-9376 DL Wholesale 6764 Preston Ave., Suite D Livermore, CA 94551 510-550-0018 _________________________

Long Beach, CA 90815 562-498-9525 _________________________ Atwater Hydroponics 3350 Glendale Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90039 323-663-8881 _________________________

Green Coast Hydroponics 16705 Roscoe Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 91406 818-672-8880 _________________________

Green Coast Hydroponics 3865 Grand View Blvd. Los Angeles, CA90066 310-398-0700 _________________________ Green Door Hydro and Solar 830 Traction Ave. Los Angeles, CA 90013 212-625-1323 Hardman Hydroponics 3511 Youree Dr., Shreveport Los Angeles, CA 71105 318-865-0317 Hollywood Hydroponics & Organics 5109 1/2 Hollywood Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90027-6105 323-662-1908 Hydroasis 2643 S. Fairfax Ave. Los Angeles, CA 90232 888-355-4769 LAX Hydro 10912 S. La Cienaga Boulevard Los Angeles, CA 90304 310-337-6995 Nirvana Hydroponics 340 South San Pedro Los Angeles, CA 90013 310-795-2914 _________________________

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 6485 Brisa St. Livermore, CA 94550 888-570-4678 (Southern CA) _________________________ VIP Garden Supply 203 Commerce St., Suite 101 Lodi, CA 95240 209-339-9950

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Superior Hydroponic Supply 5651 Hollywood Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90028 323-465-grow (4769) _________________________

Hydro Bros. 521 Winmoore Way, Suite A Modesto, CA 95358 209-537-8220 _________________________

Green Giant Hydroponics 7183 Hwy. 49 Unit B Lotus, CA 95651 530-622-4465

Growers Choice Hydroponics 1100 Carver Rd. #20 Modesto, CA 95350 209-522-2727

Big Momma’s 11455 Clayton Creek Rd. Lower Lake, CA 95457 707-994-1788

Hydro Max 664 Bitritto CT Modesto CA 95356 209-491-2816

California Green Hydroponics 16491 Rd., 26, Suite 101 Madera, CA 93638 559-674-1400

Year Round Garden Supply 11000 Carver Rd. #20 Modesto, CA 95350 209-522-2727 _________________________

Grow 22333 Pacific Coast Hwy., Suite 101 Malibu, CA 90265 310-456-2910 Deep Roots Garden Center & Flower Shop 207 N. Sepulveda Blvd. Manhattan Beach, CA 90266 310-376-0567 B & S Gardening Supplies 592 Commerce Court Manteca, CA 95336 209-239-8648 Monterey Bay Horticulture Supply 218 Reindollar Ave., Suite 7A Marina, CA 93933 831-38-HYDRO Two Chix Garden Supply 1230 Yuba St. Marysville, CA 95901 530-923-2536 _________________________

Northcoast Horticulture Supply 1580 Nursery Way McKinleyville, CA 95519 707-839-9998 _________________________ Mendocino Garden Shop 44720 Maint St. (at Hwy. 1) Mendocino, CA 95460 707-937-3459 Hooked Up Hydroponics 1004 W. 15th St. Suite B & C Merced, CA 95340 209-723-1300 Indoor/Outdoor Garden Supply 1501 W. Main St. Merced, CA 95340 209-580-4425 The Urban Farmer Store 653 E. Blithedale Ave. Mill Valley, CA 94941 415-380-3840 Hydroponics Inc. 3811 Wacker Dr. Mira Loma, CA 91752 951-685-4769 Mission Viejo Hydroponics 24002 Via Fabricante Suite 502 Mission Viejo, CA 92691 949-380-1894 Central Valley Gardening 509 Winmoore Way, Suite T Modesto, CA 95358 209-537-GROW

Sunland Hydroponics 4136 Eagle Rock Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90065 323-254-2800 _________________________

Coca’s Central Valley Hydroponics 116 West Orangeburg Ave. Modesto, CA 95350 209-567-0590

Green Light Hydroponics 2615 Honolula Ave. Montrose, CA 91020 818-640-2623 _________________________ 247 Garden 1101 Monterey Pass Rd., Unit B Monterey Park, CA 91754 323-318-2600 South Bay Hydroponics and Organics - Mtn. View 569 East Evelyn Ave. Mountain View, CA 94041 650-968-4070 Murphys Hydroponics & Organics 785 Murphys Creek Rd., Suite C2 Murphys, CA 95247 209-728-8058 Redwood Garden Supply 55 Myers Ave. Myers Flat, CA 95554 707-943-1515 _________________________

Endless Green Hydroponics 25 Enterprise Court, Suite 3 Napa, CA 94558 707-254-0200 _________________________ Wyatt Supply 4407 Solano Ave. Napa, CA 94558 707-251-3747 _________________________ Conejo Hydroponics 3481 Old Conejo Rd., #106 Newbury Park, CA 91320 805-480-9596 _________________________

Vital Landscaping Inc. 204 Gold Flat Ct. #7 Nevada City, CA 95959 530-273-3187 _________________________ Big Momma’s 2581 Stokes Ave. Nice, CA 95464 707-274-8369 Foothill Hydroponics 10705 Burbank Blvd. N. Hollywood, CA 91601 818-760-0688

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

177

MAXIMUM YIELD distributors

Retail Stores listed alphabetically by city in each state.

One Stop Hydroponics 12822 Victory Blvd N. Hollywood, CA 91606 818-980-5855

Greenback Garden Supply 9341 Greenback Ln., Suite C Orangevale, CA 95662 530-391-4329

New Leaf Hydro 34150 123rd St. Parablossom, CA 93553 661-944-2226

Mission Hydroponics 1236 East Mission Pomona, CA 91766 909-620-7099

Lumatek Digital Ballasts 33 Commercial Boulevard, Suite B Novato, CA 94949 415-233-4273

Igro Hydro 2280 Veatch St. Oroville, CA 95965 530-534-4476 _________________________

All Ways Hydro 2220 Eastridge Ave., Suite C Riverside, CA 92507 888-HYDRO98

Alternative Hydro 3870 East, Colorado Blvd. Pasadena, CA 91107 888-50-HYDRO

Hand’s On Hydroponics 3320 North Cedar Ave. Presno, CA 93726 559-222-7770

365 Hydroponics 2062 Lincoln Ave. Pasadena, CA 91103 626-345-9015

Emerald Garden 8249 Archibald Ave. Ranch Cucamanga, CA 91730 909-466-3796

Calwest Hydroponics 11620 Sterling Ave., Suite A Riverside, CA 92503 800-301-9009 _________________________

Garden All Year Inc. 3850 Ramada Dr., Unit D2 Paso Robles, CA 93446 805-434-2333

Shadow Valley Aquatics 75 Kimick Way Red Bluff, CA 96080 530-526-0479

Supersonic Hydroponic & Organic Garden Supply 3850 Ramada Dr., Unit D2 Paso Robles, CA 93446 805-434-2333

Bare Roots Hydroponics 1615 East Cypress, #5 Redding, CA 96002 530-244-2215

Marin Hydroponics 1219 Grant Ave. Novato, CA 94945 415-897-2197 Roots Grow Supply 40091 Enterprise Dr. Oakhurst, CA 93644 559-683-6622 3rd Street Hydroponics 692 4th St. Oakland, CA 94607 510-452-5521 Grass Valley 1920 E 12 St. Oakland, CA 94606 Medicine Man Farms 1602 53rd Ave. Oakland, CA 94601 707-980-0456 Plant-N-Grow 1602 53rd Ave. Oakland, CA 94601 707-980-0456 Hydrobrew 1319 South Coast Hwy. Oceanside, CA 92054 760-966-1885; 877-966-GROW Socal Hydroponics 1727-B Oceanside Blvd. Oceanside, CA 92054 760-439-1084 Cultivate Ontario 2000 Grove Ave. #a110 Ontario, CA 91761 909-781-6142

Advanced Soil & Garden Supply 350 Oro Dam Blvd. Oroville, CA 95965 530-533-2747 _________________________ Orville Organic Gardens 5250 Olive Hwy., Suite 1 Oroville, CA 95966 530-589-9950 Amazon Garden Supply 29 Ridge View Lane Oroville, CA 95966 530-589-5054 Amazon Greenlight 521 Cal Oak Rd. Oroville, CA 95966 530-534-4769 Amazon Growing Needs 5369 Old Olive Hwy. Oroville, CA 95966 530-589-9850 US Orchid & Hydroponic Supplies 1621 South Rose Ave. Oxnard, CA 93033 805-247-0086 _________________________

Flairform 1751 S Pointe Ave. Ontario, CA 91761 213-596-8820 _________________________

Green Coast Ontario Unit 102-103 1920 S. Rochester Ave. Ontario, CA 909-605-5777 _________________________

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 1950 C South Grove Ave. Ontario, CA 91761 888-888-3319 _________________________ Palm Tree Hydroponics 2235 E 4th St., Suite G Ontario, CA 91764 909-941-9017 _________________________

America’s Best Hydroponics & Gardening Center 641 W. Palmdale Blvd., Unit D Palmdale, CA 93551 661-266-3906 _________________________

Hydroponics Unlimited 641 W. Palmdale Blvd., D Palmdale, CA 93550 661-266-3906 _________________________

178

Four Seasons Landscape Materials 17115 Penn Valley Dr. Penn Valley, CA 95946 530-432-9906 _________________________ Deep Roots Hydroponics 830 Perry Lane Petaluma CA 94954-5320 707-776-2800 _________________________

Funny Farms Hydroponics 963 Transport Way, #12 Petaluma, CA 94954 707-775-3111 _________________________ House of Hydro 224 Weller St., #B Petaluma, CA 94952 707-762-4769 Hydrofarm, Inc. 2249 South McDowell Ext. Petaluma, CA 94954 800-634-9990 Wyatt Supply 1016 Lakeville St Petaluma, CA 94952 707-762-3747 JNJ Hydroponics 4774 Phelan Rd., Suite 2 Phelan, CA 92371 760-868-0002

DNA Hydroponics Inc 19345 North Indian Canyon Dr., Suite 2-F N. Palm Springs, CA 92258 760-671-5872 _________________________

RH Distribution 1751 S. Pointe Ave. Ontario, CA 91761 888-545-8112 _________________________

Green Coast Hydroponics 496 Meats Ave. Orange, CA 92865 714-974-4769 _________________________

Foothills Hydrogarden 3133 Penryn Rd. Penryn, CA 95663 916-270-2413 _________________________

Green Bros Hydroponics 14072 Osborne St. Panorama City, CA 91402 818-891-0200 _________________________ Mission Hydroponics 1236 East Mission Pomona, CA 91766 909-620-7099

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

Hydro King 105 Hartnell Ave., Suite C and D Redding, CA 96002 888-822-8941 _________________________

The Hydro Shop of Redondo Beach 1304 S. Pacific Coast Hwy Redondo Beach, CA 90277 310-540-2005 _________________________ Radiant Roots Gardening & Hydroponics 1394 S Pacific Coast Hwy. Redondo Beach, CA 90277 310-540-2005 _________________________

Dazey’s Supply 3082 Redwood Dr. Redway, CA 95560 707-923-3002 _________________________

Green Forest Hydro 570 E La Cadena Dr., Suite #1D Riverside, CA 92507 951-784-5733, Fax 951-704-4633 Hydro Depot 5665 Redwood Dr., #B Rohnert Park, CA 94928 707-584-2384 Constantly Growing 1918 16th St. Sacramento, CA 95811 916-448-1882 Green Acres Hydroponics 1215 Striker Ave., Suite 180 Sacramento, CA 95834 916-419-4394

Sanger Garden Supply 725 Academy Ave. Sanger, CA 93657 559-259-7597 Greenmile Hydroponic Garden Supply 1480 South E. St., Suite D San Bernardino, CA 92408 909-885-5919

Green Gopher Garden Supply 679 Redwood Ave., Suite A Sand City, CA 93955 831-899-0203

Green Thumb Hydroponics 35 Quinta Court, Suite B Sacramento, CA 95823 916-689-6464 _________________________

Best Coast Growers 4417 Glacier Ave., Suite C San Diego, CA 92120 800-827-1876

Sylvandale Gardens 1151 Evergreen Rd. Redway, CA 95560 707-923-3606

Hydro City 8510 Morrison Creek Dr. Suite 200 Sacramento, CA 95828 916-388-8333 J Street HydroGarden 2321 J St. Sacramento, CA 95816 916-444-4473 Mystic Gardens 8484 Florin Rd., #110 Sacramento, CA 95828 916-381-2464 Sac Hydroponics 9529 Folson Blvd., Suite C Sacramento, CA 95827 916-369-7968 Skywide Import & Export Ltd. 5900 Lemon Hill Ave. Sacramento, CA 95824 916-383-2369

Hillside Hydro & Garden 4570 Pleasant Valley Rd. Placerville CA 95662 530-644-1401

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IGS Hydroponics & Organics 57 California Ave., Suite 1 Pleasonton CA 94566 925-426-GROW

Hi-Tech Gardening 5327 Jacuzzi St., #282 Richmond, CA 94804 510-524-4710

Tradewinds Wholesale Garden Supplies 1235 Striker Ave. #180 Sacramento, CA 95834 888-557-8896

Best Yield Garden Supply 3503 West Temple Ave., Unit A Pomona, CA 91768 909-839-0505

The Urban Farmer Store 2121 San Joaquin St. Richmond, CA 94804 510-524-1604

Green Joint Ventures 61 Tarp Circle Salinas, CA 93901 831-998-8628

Hydro Hills Hydroponics 19320 Vanowen St. Reseda, CA 91335

National Garden Wholesale / Sunlight Supply 1900 Bendixsen St., Bldg. 1 Samoa, CA 95564 800-683-1114 (Northern CA) _________________________

Green Thumb Hydroponics 1537 Fulton Ave. Sacramento, CA 95825 916-934-2476

KY Wholesale 8671 Elder Creek Rd. #600 Sacramento, CA 95828 916-383-3366 _________________________

Mendocino Greenhouse & Garden Supply 960 East School Way Redwood Valley, CA 95470 707-485-0668

Xtreme Gardening 1341 Dayton St., Annex B Salinas, CA 93901 800-784-4769 _________________________

Pure Food Gardening/ Microclone 830 H Bransten Rd. San Carlos, CA 94070-3338

Redway Feed Garden & Pet Supply 290 Briceland Rd. Redway, CA 95560 707-923-2765

Orsa Organix 111 Willow St. Redwood City, CA 94063 650-369-1269 _________________________

Reforestation Technologies International 1341 Daton St., Unit G Salinas, CA 93901 800-784-4769 _________________________

Greenfire Sacramento 3230 Auburn Blvd. Sacramento, CA 95821 916-485-8023

Humboldt Hydroponics 2010 Tunnel Rd. Redway, CA 95560 707-923-1402

Turbo Grow 1889 San Pablo Ave. Pinole, CA 94564 510-724-1291 All Elements Hydroponics & Gardening Supply 5623 Motherlode Dr. Placerville, CA 95667 530-642-4215

Discount Hydroponics 4745 Hiers Ave. Riverside, CA 92505 877-476-9487 _________________________

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City Farmer’s Nursery 4832 Home Ave San Diego, CA 92105 619-284-6358 Home Brews & Gardens 3176 Thorn St. San Diego, CA 92104 619-630-2739 Indoor Garden Depot 1848 Commercial St. San Diego, CA 92113 619-255-3552 Innovative Growing Solutions (IGS) 5060 Santa Fe St., Suite D San Diego, CA 92109 858-578-4477 _________________________

Mighty Garden Supply 4780 Mission Gorge Pl. #A-1 San Diego, CA 92120 619-287-3238 _________________________ Miramar Hydroponics & Organics 8952 Empire St. San Diego, CA 92126 858-549-8649 _________________________

Oracle Garden Supply 5755 Oberlin Dr., Suite 100 San Diego, CA 92121 858-558-6006 _________________________

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San Diego Hydroponics Beach Cities 4122 Napier St. San Diego, CA 92110 619-276-0657 _________________________ Direct Hydroponics Wholesale 1034 W. Arrow Hwy. #D San Dimas, CA 91773 888-924-9376 _________________________

House of Hydroponics 732 W. Arrow Hwy. San Dimas, CA 91773 877-592-5111; 909-592-5111 _________________________ Liquid Gardens 1034 West Arrow Hwy. #D San Dimas, CA 91773 888-924-9376 _________________________

Grow Your Own Hydroponics & Organics - West 3401 Taraval St. san Francisco, CA 94116 415-731-2115 _________________________ Hydro Depot 2090 Cesar Chavez St. San Francisco, CA 94124 415-282-5200 The Hydroponic Connection Warehouse 1995 Evans Ave. San Francisco, CA 94124 415-824-9376 The Hydroponic Connection San Francisco 1549 Custer Ave. San Francisco, CA 94124 415-864-9376 Nor Cal Hydroponics 4837 Geary Blvd. San Francisco, CA 94118 415-933-8262 Plant It Earth Warehouse 1 Dorman Ave. San Francisco, CA 94124 415-970-2465 San Francisco Hydro 123 Tenth St. San Francisco, CA 94103 Urban Gardens 1394 Lowrie St. San Francisco, CA 94080 650-588-5792 _________________________

Urban Gardens. 704 Filbert St. San Francisco, CA 94133 415-421-4769 _________________________

Inland Empire Hydrogarden 1301-C South State St. San Jancinto, CA 92853 _________________________

Glow Hydroponics 124-H Blossom Hill Rd. San Jose, CA 95123 408-455-7720 _________________________ Hahn’s Lighting 260 E. VA Suite 1 San Jose, CA 95112 408-295-1755 Plant Life 32 Race St. San Jose, CA 95126 408-283-9191 _________________________

Rasa Hydroponics 5725 Winfield Blvd., Suite 8 San Jose, CA 95123 408-227-7272 _________________________ Sunny Tool 580 Parrott St. San Jose, CA 95112 408-278-1800 South Bay Hydroponics and Organics - San Jose 1185 South Bascom Ave. San Jose, CA 95128 408-292-4040 Urban Gardens 1999 Monterey Rd. San Jose, CA 95125 408-298-8081 Beach Cities Hydroponics 33155 Camino Capistrano Unit F. San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675 949-493-4200 D&S Garden Supplies 17-130 Doolittle Dr. San Leandro, CA 94577 510-430-8589 Hydrogarden Delight 13762 Doolittle Dr. San Leandro, CA 94577 510-903-1808 Central Coast Hydrogarden 1951 Santa Barbara St. San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 805-544-GROW Healthy Harvest Hydroponics and Organics 2958 S. Higuera St. San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 805-596-0430 _________________________

San Rafael Hydroponics 1417 Fourth St. San Rafael, CA 94901 415-455-9655

Hydro Depot 13 West 3rd St. Santa Rosa, CA 95401 707-542-3866

55 Hydroponics 1727 Boyd St. Santa Ana, CA 92705 714-259-7755

Organic Bountea 1919 Dennis Lane Santa Rosa, CA 95403 800-798-0765

Nutes Int’l 204 N Quarantina St. Santa Barbara, CA 93103 805-687-6699 _________________________

_________________________ Green Coast Hydroponics 135 Nogal Dr. Santa Barbara, CA 93110 805-898-9922 _________________________ Planet Earth Hydroponics 102 East Haley St. Santa Barbara, CA 93101 805-899-0033 _________________________

Urban Grow Systems 204 N Quarantina St. Santa Barbara, CA 93103 805-637-6699 _________________________ Modern Gardens 26620 Valley Center Dr., Unit #104 Santa Clarita, CA 91351 661-513-4733 _________________________

Santa Clarita Valley Hydroponics 25835 Railroad Ave. #26 Santa Clarita, CA 91350 661-255-3700; 661-255-3701 _________________________ California Hydroponics 310 Coral St., Suite C Santa Cruz, CA 95060 831-423-4769 Hydro-Logic Purification Systems 370 Encinal St., Suite 150 Santa Cruz, CA 95060 888-H2O-LOGIC Santa Cruz Hydroponics & Organics - West Side 815 Almar Ave., Unit K Santa Cruz, CA 95060 831-466-9000

The Urban Farmer Store 2833 Vicente St. San Francisco, CA 94116 415-661-2204

Murphy’s Hydroponics & Organics 799 W. Stocktan St. Sanora, CA 95370 209-532-2022

US Garden 417 Agostinio Rd. San Gabriel, CA 91776 626-285-5009

Marin Hydroponics 721 Francisco Blvd. East San Rafael, CA 94901 415-482-8802

Santa Rosa Hydroponics 4880 Sonoma Hwy. Santa Rosa, CA 707-595-1340

Big Daddy Garden Supply 3236 Dutton Ave. Santa Rosa, CA 95407 707-535-0996

Deep Roots Hydroponics 3715 Santa Rosa Ave. Suite A2 Santa Rosa, CA 95407 707-540-0773 Gottagrow Garden Supply 769 Wilson St. Santa Rosa, CA 95404 707-544-7782 _________________________

Green Logic Garden Supply 860 Piner Rd, #38 Santa Rosa, CA 95403 707-843-3156 _________________________

Advanced Garden Supply 2660 Lake Tahoe Blvd. Building C, Unit 9 S. Lake Tahoe, CA 96150 530-541-4769 ________________________ Farm Hydroponics, The 1950 Lake Tahoe Boulevard #3 S. Lake Tahoe, CA 96150 530-541-3276 East County Hydroponics 9903 Campo Rd. Spring Valley, CA 91977 619-825-5097 ________________________

Santa Rosa Hydroponics 4130 S Moorland Ave. Santa Rosa, CA 707-584-9370 _________________________ Wyatt Supply 747 Yolanda Ave. Santa Rosa, CA 95404 707-578-3747 Next Generation Hydroponics 10658 Prospect Ave., Suite A Santee, CA 92071 619-438 2415 Santee Hydroponics 7949 Mission Gorge Rd. Santee, CA 92071 619-270-8649 Gardening Unlimited 60 Old El Pueblo Rd. Scotts Valley, CA 95066 831-457-1236

Orange County Hydroponics 12797 Beach Blvd. Stanton, CA 90680 714-893-9493 ________________________

HomeGrown Indoor Garden Supply 681 A Grider Way Stockton, CA 95210 209-477-4447 ________________________

Hydro Depot 6731 Sebastopol Ave. Sebastopol, CA 95472 707-829-1510

M&M Garden Supply 2509 West Lane, Suite B Stockton, CA 95205 209-939-0664

loom Brothers Garden Supply, Inc. 3293 Industry Dr. Signal Hill, CA 90755 562-494-0060 ________________________

Pacific Ave Indoor Garden Supply 4633 Pacific Ave Stockton, CA 95207 209-955-0945

Green Universe Inc. 19618 8th St. E Sonoma, CA 95476 707-320-0554 Valley Hydro and Organics 19230 Sonoma Hwy. Sonoma, CA 95476 707-396-8734 Motherlode Hydroponics and Organics 799 W Stockton St. Sonora, CA 95370 209-532-2022 Santa Cruz Hydroponics & Organics - East Side 4000 Cordelia Lane Soquel, CA 95073 831-475-9900

Grass Roots Hydroponics 27250 Madison Ave. Suite C Temecula, CA 92590 951-296-1090 ________________________ Hydroponics 4 Less 41669 Winchester Ave. Temecula, CA 92590 800-A1-HYDRO Inland Empire Hydrogarden 28822 Old Town Front St. #206 Temecula, CA 92590 886-74-HYDRO

Green Thumb Lighting & Garden 1647 W. Sepulveda Blvd., Unit 5 Torrance, CA 90501 888-326-GROW Los Angeles Hydroponics & Organics 3007-3009 W. Artesia Blvd. Torrance, CA 90504 310-323-4937

Deep Roots Hydroponics 2661 Gravenstein Hwy. S #E Sebastopol, CA 95472-8200 707-829-7668

We Grow Hydroponics 3350 East Los Angeles Ave. Simi Valley, CA 93063 805-624-4566 ________________________

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805 Hydroponics & Organics 1785 E. Thousand Oaks Blvd. Thousand Oaks, CA 91362 805-494-1785

Golden Harvest Hydroponics & Garden Supply 8626 Lower Sacramento Road #48 Stockton, CA 95210 209-951-3550

Hydrofarm Southwest 12991 Leffingwell Rd. Santa Fe Springs, CA 90670 800-634-9990

Garden Spout, The 1236 Briggs Ave. Santa Rosa, CA 95401 707-528-3500 San Diego Hydroponics North County Inland 802 N. Twin Oaks Valley Road #108 San Marcos, CA 92069 760-510-1444 _________________________

Sonoma Hydro LLC 3535 Industrial Dr., Suite B2-3 Santa Rosa, CA 95403 707-544-3383

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Hydroponics Depot 8712 Sunland Blvd. Sun Valley, CA 91352 818-771-0600 ________________________

Growers Choice Hydroponics 470 W. Larch Rd. #1 Tracy, CA 95304 209-833-1212 Tracy Hydroponics 543 W. Grant Line Tracy, CA 95376 209-207-9065 Anything Grows 10607 W. River St., Bldg. 3 Suite C Truckee, CA 96161 530-582-0479 Aloha Hydroponics 225 Lander Ave. Turlock, CA 95380 209-667-6653 Garden Depot Hydroponics 1460 Freitas Park Turlock, CA 95380 209-250-0101 Hooked Up Hydroponics 339 S. Golden State Blvd. Turlock, CA 95380 209-668-1300 Big Daddy Garden Supply 310 Mason St. Ukiah, CA 95482 707-467-9234

Sunland Hydroponics 8300 Foothill Blvd. Sunland, CA 91040 818-352-5300 ________________________ South Bay Hydroponics & Organics - Sunnyvale 1205 W. El Camino Real Sunnyvale, CA 94087 650-968-4070 Beyond Hydro Inc. 12639 San Fernando Rd. Sylmar, CA 91342 818-362-5373

Emerald Garden 307 East Perkins St. Ukiah, CA 95482 707-463-2510 HydroPacific - Hydroponics & Garden Supplies 351 C Hastings Ave. Ukiah, CA 95482 707-467-0400 Northcoast Hydrogardens 3450 North State St. Ukiah, CA 95482 707-462-7214

Tahoe Garden Supply 645 Westlake Blvd., Suite 2 Tahoe City, CA 96145 530-581-3200

Wyatt Supply 2200 N. State St. Ukiah, CA 95482 707-462-7473

The Otherside Hydroponics 19425 Ventura Blvd. Tarzana, CA 91356 818-881-HYDRO (4937)

TNC Supply 9490 Main St., P.O. Box 763 Upper Lake, CA 95485 707-275-9565

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

179

MAXIMUM YIELD distributors

Retail Stores listed alphabetically by city in each state.

________________________ Lazy Gardeners Hydroponics ‘N’ More 14626 East Whittier Blvd. Whittier, CA 90605 562-945-0909 North Bay Hydroponics 1650 Lewis Brown Dr. Vallejo, CA 94589 707-647-0774 ________________________

Green Coast 16705 Roscoe Blvd. Van Nuys, CA 91406 818-672-8880 ________________________ Hydroponics Market 15816 Arminta St. Van Nuys, CA 91406 818-305-6261; 886-72-HYDRO Blazzin Hydroponics 6650 Cresent St. Ventura, CA 93003 805-644-9376 Kinney Nursery 4115 Rowles Rd. Vina, CA 96092 530-839-2196 The Green Shop 66420 Mooney Blvd., Suite 1 Visalia, CA 93277 559-688-4200 ________________________

BWGS-CA 7530 W. Sunnyview Ave. Visalia, CA 93291 888-316-1306 ________________________ Kaweah Grower Supply 1106 1/2 N. Ben Maddox Way Visalia, CA 93293 559-625-4937 Greentrees Hydroponics Inc. 2581 Pioneer Ave., Unit D Vista, CA 92081 760-598-7551 Home Life Hydroponics and Organics 1745 East Vista Way Vista, CA 92084 760-643-2150 Specialty Garden Supply 7 Hangar Way, Suite B Watsonville, CA 95075 831-768-0420

Garden Spout, The 260 Margie Dr. Willits, CA 95490 707-456-0196 Jolly Rancher 399 Business Park Ctr., Suite 205 Windsor, CA 95492 707-838-0842 Green Acres 20946 Victory Blvd. Woodland Hills, CA 91367 Sparetime Supply 208 E. San Francisco Ave. Willits, CA 95490-4006 Farmer Browns Garden Supply 80 Country Club Rd. Willow Creek, CA 95573 530-629-3100 Urban Gardens 22516 Ventura Blvd. Woodland Hills, CA 91364 818-876-0222 ________________________

Ultra Lo Hydro ultralohydro.com 937-252-8224 _________________________ Garden Highway Garden Supply 598 Garden Highway #22 Yuba City, CA 95991 530-755-2877 Golden Valley Hydroponics 870 W. Onsott Rd. Suite F Yuba City, CA 95993 530-763-2151 Southern Humbolt Garden Supplies 31653 Outer Highway 10 Yacaipa, CA 92373 909-794-6888 Yucca Valley Hydroponics 56825 Twentynine Palms Hwy. Yucca Valley, CA 92284 760-369-0300

COLORADO South Park Hydroponics 42 E Buckskin Rd. Alma, CO 80420 719-836-1533

Evergreen Farm Feed and Garden 1131 Main St. Weaverville, CA 96093 530-623-2884

Green Spot Garden Center & Antiques 711 State Ave. Alamosa, CO 81101 719-589-6362

Art of Hydro 5740 Corsa Ave. #102 Westlake Village, CA 91362 818-865-2227

The Hydro Store 6695 Wadsworth Blvd. #C Arvada, CO 80004 720-328-3746

California Hydro Garden 1043 S. Glendora Ave., Suite A West Covina, CA 91790 626-813-0868 No Stress Hydroponics 7543 Santa Monica Blvd. W. Hollywood, CA 90046 323-845-9874 Hydronation 2491 Boatman Dr., Suite B W. Sacramento, CA 95691 916-372-4444 Flower Hut Nursery 603 4th St. Wheatland, CA 95692 530-633-4526 GreenWay Hydroponics 11510 Whittier Blvd. Whittier, CA 90601

180

The Grofax 25797 Conifer Rd. #A-8 Aspen Park, CO 80433 303-838-5520 Aurora Hydroponic LLC 4250 S Chambers Rd. Aurora, CO 80014 303-400-6941 _________________________ ____________

The Big Tomato Indoor Garden Supply 14440 E. 6th Ave. Aurora, CO 80011 303-364-4769 _________________________

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 3550 B Odessa Way Aurora, CO 80011 866-877-4188 (Northeast) _________________________

BIG BloomZ 1011 Caprice Dr. Castle Rock, CO 80109 303-688-0599

Greenlight Garden Supply 7741 E Colfax Ave. Denver, CO 80220 720-389-8320

Indoor Garden Warehouse 8100 S Akron St., Suite 322 Centennial, CO 80112 720-496-2110

The Grofax 7540 East Colfax Ave. Denver, CO 80220 720-328-2127

Indoor Gardener, The 3225 I-70 Business Loop, Unit A10 Clifton, Co 81520 970-434-9999 Garden Tech 737 Garden of the Gods Rd. Colorado Springs, CO 80907 719-278-9777

Nick’s Garden Center 2001 S. Chambers Aurora, CO 80014 303-696-6657 ________________________ Rooted Hydroponics & Organics – Vail 910 Nottingham Road Unit N-11 & N-12 Avon, CO 81620 970-748-1222 ________________________

Black Dog LED 2885 Aurora Ave. #38 Boulder, CO 80303 720-420-1209 sales@blackdogLED.com ________________________ Boulder Hydroponics 1630 N 63rd St. Boulder, CO 80301 303-415-0045

Grotools 2408 East Platte Ave. Colorado Springs, CO 80909 719-475-7699 Greenhouse Tech 917 East Fillmore Colorado Springs, CO 80907 719-634-0637 Hydro Grow Supply 644 Peterson Rd. Colorado Springs, CO 80915 719-596-2600 Purple Mountain Hydroponics LLC 1530 S Nevada Ave. Colorado Springs, CO 80906 719-635-5859 Room To Grow LLC 422 South 8th St. Colorado Springs, CO 80905 719-633-8682 Roots and Rocks Hydroponic and Organic Garden Supply 1014 S. 21st St. Colorado Springs, CO 80904 719-634-1024 ________________________

Candy Shop Hydroponics LLC 2740 Canyon Blvd. Boulder, CO 80302 303-444-3355

High Tech Garden Supply 5275 Quebec St. Commerce City, CO 80022 720-222-0772 _________________________

One Love Garden Supply 3620 Walnut St. Boulder, CO 80301 303-586-1715

Grow Your Own 27051 Barkley Rd. Conifer, CO 80433 303-816-GROW (4769)

Polar Ray 5171 Eldorado Springs Dr. Boulder, CO 80303 303-494-5773

Happy Grow Lucky 11873 Springs Rd. Conifer, CO 80433 1-303-838-8700

Rocky Mountain Hydroponics and Organics 2125 32 St. Boulder, CO 80301 303-996-6100

Whetstone Garden Supply 300 Belleview Ave. Crested Butte, CO 81224 970-349-9666

Way To Grow 6395 Gunpark Dr. Boulder, CO 80301 303-473-4769 Deep Roots Garden Supply 1790 Airport Rd., Unit 1 Breckenridge, CO 80424 970-453-1440 Mile High Hydroponics 37 Strong St. Brighton, CO 80601 303-637-0069 ________________________

ACME Hydroponics 300 Nickel St., Suite 3 Broomfield, CO 80020 720-524-7306 ________________________

The Grofax 755 South Federal Blvd. Denver, CO 80219 720-328-5164 The Grow Outlet 4272 Lowell Blvd. Denver, CO 80211 303-586-5543 _________________________

BWGS-CO 11685 E. 55th Ave. Denver, CO 80239 888-316-1306 _________________________

Hydrofarm Mountain 400 Burbank St. Broomfield, CO 80020 800-634-9990

Chlorophyll 3801 Mariposa St. Denver, CO 80211 303-433-1155 _________________________

J&D Organic Growing Solutions 217 1/2 Clayton St. Brush, CO 80723 970-310-5408

Cultivate Hydroponics & Organics 666 S. Buchtel Blvd. Denver, CO 80210 303-954-9919

Bath Nursery & Garden Center 2000 E. Prospect, Fort Collins, CO 80525 970-484-5022 Gold Coast Hydroponics West 8101 S.W. Frontage Rd. Suite 300 Fort Collins, Co 80528 970-232-3220 The Grow Shop LLC 1711 S. College Avenue Fort Collins, CO 80525 970-484-1042 Indoor Paradise Hydroponics 309 S. Summit View, Unit 17, Fort Collins, CO 80524-1462 970-221-3751

Grow Your Own 2118 S Bellaire St. Denver, CO 80222 303-990-1929 _________________________

Way To Grow 3201 E. Mulberry Street, Fort Collins, CO 80524 970-484-4769 _________________________

Hydro Terra Corp 3893 Steele St. Denver, CO 80205 954-260-3377 HyGrow Indoor Gardening Supplies 6271 Beach St., Unit F Denver, CO 80221 303-396-1420 Indoor Paradise Denver 7100 N Broadway, Suite 3D & E Denver, CO 80221 303-428-5020 NoDo Urban Garden Supply 1330 27th St. Denver, CO 80205 303-296-3424 Rocky Mountain Hydroponics and Organics 1717 39th Ave. Denver, CO 80205 800-58-HYDRO Ultimate Hydroponics & Organics 2380 S. Broadway Denver, CO 80210 303-282-0034 Way To Grow 301 East 57th Ave. Denver, CO 80216 303-296-7900 _________________________

Global Organics & Hydroponics 11 N Broadway Cortez, CO 81321 970-564-8100 Joy of Growing 1410 Valley View Dr. Delta, CO 81416 970-874-2550 _________________________

Rocky Mountain Hydroponics and Organics 439 Edwards Access Rd Unit B101 Edwards, CO 81632 970-926-2100

Hydro Shack, The 753 10 Mile Drive Frisco, CO 80443 970-668-0359 _________________________ Rocky Mountain Hydroponics and Organics 7800 Colorado 82 #203 Glenwood Springs, Co 81601 970-947-9551 Green Head Hydroponics 809 E. Jasper Court Granby, CO 80446 970-557-3031 _________________________

Desert Bloom Hydroponics 445 Pitkin Ave., Grand Junction, CO 81501 970-245-6427 _________________________ Greeley Nutrients 700 11th Street Unit 101 Greeley, CO 80631 970-673-8302 Green Thumb Garden Supply Co. 2830 W 27th St. Greeley, CO 80634 970-506-1711

All Seasons Gardening 434 Turner Dr., Suite 2B Durango, CO 81303 970-385-4769 _________________________ Blue Sky Hydroponics 1301 Florida Road Unit C Durango, CO 81301 970-375-1238 DHL Garden Supply 178 Bodo Dr.Unit B Durango, Co 81303 970-247-1090 _________________________

The Grow Store South 5050 S. Federal Boulevard, #37, Englewood, CO 80110 303-738-0202 _________________________

The Grow Shop LLC 1701 Greeley Mall Rd. Greeley CO 80631 970-352-5447 _________________________

Your Grow Bud 6801 South Emporia St., Suite 106 Greenwood Village, CO 80112 303-790-2211 _________________________ Green Gardens 133 E. Tomichi Ave. Gunnison, CO 81230 970-641-1161 Grow in Peace 1241 Mine Rd. Idaho Springs, CO 80452 303-567-GROW GroWize 3225 S. Wadsworth Blvd. Lakewood, CO 80227 303-986-2706

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The Grow Store 8644 W. Colfax Ave, Lakewood, CO 80215 888-510-0350 _________________________

MileHydro 355 S. Harlan St. Lakewood, CO 80226 303-935-4769 _________________________ Way to Grow 11989 West Colfax Ave. Lakewood, CO 80215 303-546-3600 The Flower Bin 1805 Nelson Rd. Longmont, CO 80501 303-772-3454 _________________________

Victory Hydro Gardening 1387 E. South Boulder Rd. Louisville, CO, 80027 303-664-9376 _________________________ WarHammer Supply 1112 Munroe Ave. Loveland, CO 80537 970-635-2602 Colorado Hydroponics & Organics 2740 Commercial Way, Unit 1 Montrose CO, 81401 970-252-7450 Greener Mountain Indoor Gardening 20 Lakeview Dr., Unit 210 Nederland, CO 80466 303-258-7573 Grow in Peace 176 Hwy. 119 S. Nederland, CO 80466 303-258-3520 Grow Depot 1434 W. 104th Ave. Northglenn, CO 80234 303-459-7878 Four Corners Organics & Hydroponics LLC 68 Bastille Unit #3, PO Box 627 Pagosa Springs, CO 81147 970-731-1685 _________________________

Little Shop of Growers 2560 Copper Ridge Dr. Steamboat Springs, CO 80487 970-879-8577

Palm Coast Hydroponics 4490 N Hwy US1, Suite 108 Bunnell, FL 32110 386-246-4119

Cultivate Hydroponics & Organics 7615 W.38th Ave., Suite B111 Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 303-954-9897

East Coast Hydroponics & Organics 461 Forrest Ave., Suite 105 Coca, FL 32922 321-243-6800

Hydro Planet 5022 Kippling St. Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 303-279-6090

GreenTouch Hydroponics Inc. 5011 S State Rd. 7, Suite 104 Davie, FL 33314 954-316-8815

CONNECTICUT

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CT Home Grown 45 South Canterbury Rd. Canterbury, CT 06331 860-546-6161 _________________________ Grow Crazy 11 Berlin Rd., Unit 2 Cromwell, CT 06416 203-660-8486 Harvest Moon Hydroponics 775 Silver Lane E. Hartford, CT 06118 860-568-4067 LiquidSun® CT 10C South Main St. E. Windsor, CT 06088 860-254-5757 _________________________

Rogue Hydroponics 160 Broadway Hamden, CT 06518 866-277-4432 _________________________ Organix Hydroponics 749 Saybrook Rd., (Tradewinds Plaza) Middletown, CT 06457 860-343-1923 _________________________

Good To Grow 335 Westport Ave. Norwalk, CT 06851 203-956-5600 www.goodtogrowct.com _________________________

Pueblo Hydroponicss and Organics - Downtown 113 W 4th St. Pueblo, CO 81003 719-542-6798 Pueblo Hydroponics and Organics- South 2704 S Prarie Ave., Suite C Pueblo, CO 81005 719-564-2660 Pueblo Hydroponics and Organics 609 E Enterprise Dr. Pueblo West, CO 81007 709-647-0907 Salida Hydroponic Supply 1242 C St., Salida, CO 81201 719-539-4000

Delaware 1st State Seed And Garden Supply People’s Plaza Suite 950 Newark, DE 19702 302-834-0440 Sunny Day Organics 1867 Coastal Hwy. Rehoboth Beach, DE 19917 302-703-2538

FLORIDA Urban Sunshine 1420 E. Altamonte Dr. Altamonte Springs, FL 32701 407-830-4769 Full Bloom Hydroponics 1489 W. Palmetto Boca Raton, FL 33486 888-725-4769 Best Hydro 4920 Lena Rd. Bradenton, FL 34211 941-756-1928

Palm Beach Discount Hydroponics – West 14703 Southern Blvd. Loxahatchee, FL 33470 561-296-8555 _________________________

High Tech Garden Supply 2975 West New Haven Ave. Melbourne, FL 32901 321-821-0853 ________________________

Organic Grow Hut 2 780 Deltona Blvd. #107 Deltona, Fl 32725 1-888-574-GROW; 386-259-5777 _________________________

Advanced Hydro Gardens 4960 NW 165 St., Suite B-4 Miami, FL 33014 305-474-4376

Biofloral 6250 NW 27th Way Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33309 877-735-6725 _________________________

Blossoms Experience, The 7207 NW 54th St. Miami, FL 33166 866-452-4769 _________________________

Gold Coast Hydroponics 1539 SW 21st Ave. Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33312 1-800-780-7371 Green Thumb Hydroponics Supplies 13482 North Cleveland Ave. Fort Meyers, FL 33903 239-997-4769 Gator Hydroponics 4460 SW 35th Terrace, Suite 310 Gainesville, FL 32608 352-301-5383 _________________________

Florida Garden Supplies 2692 W 79 St. Hialeah, FL 33016 1-800-931-5215 _________________________

Grow with Us 10 Middle River Dr. Stafford Springs, CT 06076 860-684-1595 Majestic Hydro-Gardening 860 Hwy. 105 Palmer Lake, CO 80133 719-481-0777 _________________________

Absolute Hydroponic Garden Center Inc 336 North Boundary Ave. Deland, FL 32720 386-734-0696

GrowSmart Indoor Garden Centers 14587 Southern Blvd. Loxahatchee, FL 33470 561-429-3527

Simply Hydroponics & Organics (North) 3642 South Suncoast Blvd. Homosassa, FL 34448 352-628-2655 _________________________

Grower’s Choice & Hydroponics 11855 North Main St. Jacksonville, FL 32218 904-683-4517 _________________________

Growers Choice South 8535 Baymeadows Rd., Suite 13 Jacksonville, FL 32256 904-647-7156 _________________________ Hydroponics International Inc. 7029-10 Commonwealth Ave. Jacksonville, FL 32220 904-693-6554 Urban Organics & Hydroponics 5325 Fairmont St. Jacksonville, FL 32207 904-398-8012 Simply Hydroponics & Organics 7949 Ulmerton Rd. Largo, FL 33773 727-531-5355

All Star Hydroponics Inc 8901 SW 129th St. Miami FL, 33176 800-842-8582

Florida Garden Supplies 9545 Sunset Dr. Miami, FL 33173 800-931-5215 _________________________ Future Farms Inc., The 14291 SW 120th St., Suite 105 Miami, FL 33186 305-382-2757 Gold Coast Hydroponics 4241 SW 71st Ave. Miami, FL 33155 1-800-780-6805 Growing Garden Inc., The 12811 SW 42nd St. Miami, FL 33175 305-559-0309 VitaOrganix 7921 NW 67th St. Miami, FL 33166 786-845-8633 3D Hydroponics and Organics 7139 US Highway #19 New Port Richey, FL 34652 727-847-3491 _________________________

Florida Garden Supplies 8442 Tradeport Dr., Unit 200 Orlando, FL 32827 _________________________ Urban Sunshine 6100 Hanging Moss Rd., Suite 50 Orlando, FL 32807 407-647-4769 Urban Sunshine 6142 S. Orange Ave. Orlando, FL 32809 407-859-7728 Vertical Food Growers 10964 Dearden Circle Orlando, FL 32817 407-671-4241 Green Winters Inc. 147 Tomoka Ave. Ormond Beach, FL 32174 386-235-8730; 800-931-5215 The Healthy Harvest Suite 126, 21113 Johnson St. Pembroke Pines, FL 33029 954-538-1511

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Atlantis Hydroponics 8042 N. Palafox St., Suite C Pensacola, FL 32534 850-912-8796 _________________________

Eden Garden Supply 3111 N. Davis Hwy. Pensacola, FL 32503 850-439-1299 _________________________ Healthy Gardens and Supply of Florida, Inc. 196 East Nine Mile Rd., Suite F Pensacola, FL 32534 850-912-4545 _________________________

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 455 S. Andrews Ave. Pompano Beach, FL 33069 877-649-3567 (Southeast) _________________________ Hydroponic Depot II 2395 S Tamiami Trail #19 Port Charlotte, FL 33952 941-255-3999 EZ Grow Green 604 S.W. Bayshore Blvd. Port St. Lucie, Fl 34983 772-807-7755

Stoney Hydro @ Schiro’s Barn n Garden Supplies 7812 Causeway Blvd. Tampa, FL 33619 813-626-0902 _________________________

Worm’s Way Florida 4412 North 56th St. Tampa, FL 33610 800-283-9676; 813-621-1792 _________________________ Happy Planet Hydroponics 1179 E. Alfred St. Tavares, FL 32778 352-253-1001 365 Hydroponics 13054 W Colonial Dr. Winter Garden, FL 34787 407-656-GROW(4769) Monkey Hydroponics 940 West Oakland Ave., Unit A1 Winter Garden, FL 34787 407-574-8495 Cultivating Eden Hydroponic Supplies 946 18th Ave. SW Vero Beach, FL 32962 772-564-8880 _________________________

Florida Garden Supplies 8020 Belvedere Rd.,Unit 4 W. Palm Beach, FL 33411 800-931-5215 _________________________ Palm Beach Discount Hydroponics – East 968 North Congress Ave. W. Palm Beach, FL 33409 561-296-6161

GEORGIA

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Urban Sunshine Organic & Hydroponic Gardening 2841 South Nove Rd., Suite 5 S. Daytona, FL 32119 386-236-9989; 386-492-6978 Avid Brew Company 1745 1st Ave S. St. Petersburg, FL 33712 727-388-6756 Avid Brew Company 1745 1st Ave. S. St. ST. Petersberg, Fl 33712 727-388-6756 Mr. Nice Guy Hydroponics 1800 NW. Federal Hwy. Stuart, FL 34994 772-934-6785 Esposito Garden Center 2743 Capital Circle NE Tallahassee, FL 32308 850-386-2114 Evershine Hydroponics 1519 Capital Circle NE Unit #35 Tallahassee, FL 32308 850-765-0040 Grace’s Hydro-Organic Garden Center 8877 North 56th St. Tampa, FL 33617 813-514-9376 Grace’s Hydro-Organic Garden Center 8707 Temple Terrace Hwy. Tampa, FL 33637 813-514-9376 Hydroponics of Tampa 120 W. Bougain Villea Tampa, FL 33612 813-333-6828 Schiro’s Barn-N-Garden Supplies Inc. 7812 Causeway Blvd. Tampa, FL 33619 813-626-0902

Atlantis Hydroponics 1422 Woodmont Lane, #4 Atlanta, GA 30318 404-367-0052 _________________________ Flora Hydroponics Inc. 2475 Jefferson Rd., Suite 600 Athens, GA 30607 866-404-0551 Flora Hydroponics, Inc. 195 Paradise Blvd. Athens, GA 30607 800-470-6881 Atlantis Hydroponics 2561 West Point Ave. College Park, GA 30337 678-510-0032 Alpha Hydroponics and Garden Supply Inc. 3904 N Druid Hills Rd., Suite 247 Decatur, GA 30033 404-590-4769 _________________________

Savannah Hydroponics & Organics 4107 Eighth St., Suite C Garden City, GA 31408 912-349-4030 _________________________ Atlantis Hydroponics 5182-B Brook Hollow Parkway Norcross, GA 30071 770-558-1346

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MAXIMUM YIELD distributors Flora Hydroponics, Inc. 1239 Fowler St. North West Atlanta, GA 30318 404-532-0001

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Retail Stores listed alphabetically by city in each state.

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HAWAII Eco-Island Supply 810 Haiku Rd., #394 Haiku, HI 96708 808-575-9171 Aqua Plant Hawaii / Kahala Hydroponics 4224 Wailae, Suite 1A Honolulu, HI 96816 808-735-8665 Green Hands of Aloha 1713 Mary St. Honolulu, HI 96819 808-847-4263 Ohana Greenhouse & Garden Supply 300 Hukilike St. #2M, Kahalui, HI 96732 808-871-6393 Aiyah’s Garden 4558 Kukui St. Kapa’a, HI 96746 Aiyah’s Garden 3-3122 Kuhio Hwy. Unit B-2 Lihue, HI 96766 808-245-2627 Pahoa Feed & Fertilizer 15-2754 Old Government Rd. Pahoa, HI 96778 808-965-9955

IDAHO

Goldman’s Grow Shop 910 Greenwood Rd. Glenview, IL 60025 847-657-7250 _________________________ Grow Masters 4641 Old Grand Ave. Gurnee, IL 60031 224-399-9877 Big Grow Hydroponics 9225 Trinity Dr. Lake In The Hills, IL 60156 847-854-4450 Grow Big Hydroponics 7817 B North 2nd St. Manchesney Park, IL 61115 815-637-4769 Green Fields 8137 N. Milwaukee Niles, IL 60714 847-965-5056 Prairie House Garden Center 15151 South Harlem Ave. Orland, IL 60462 708-687-3131 _________________________

Kreation’s Indoor Gardening Center 3427 Old Chatman Rd. Springfield, IL 62704 217-341-0821 Kreation’s Indoor Gardening Center 2110 North Grand Ave. Springfield , IL, 62702 217-341-0821 _________________________ Water Works Indoor Gardening 1900 South Dirksen Parkway Springfield, IL 62703 217-553-6929 Joe Dirt’s Organics & Hydroponics 760 Heartland Dr. Sugar Grove, IL 60554 630-466-8346

INDIANA Sunleaves Garden Products 7854 North State Rd. 37 Bloomington, IN 47404 888-464-9676 _________________________

Boise Hydroponics 614 North Orchard St. Boise, ID 83706 208-344-3053 Greenthumb Greenhouses 5895 Ensign Ave. Boise, ID 83714

ILLINOIS Aerostar Global 824 South Kay Ave. Addison, IL 60101 Aerogro 502 N Prospect, Suite 18 Bloomington, IL, 61704

Autumn Bloom Alternative Indoor Gardening 1020 Derby St. Pekin, IL 61554 309-642-6943 _________________________

Brew and Grow 181 Crossroads Parkway Bolingbrook, IL 60194 847-885-8282 Let it Grow - Carbondale West Main St. Carbondale, IL 62908 573-450-5401 Versaponics.COM Box 166 West Main St. Carbondale, IL 62901 573-450-5401 Alternative Garden Supply 615 Industrial Dr., Unit A Cary, IL 60013 800-444-2837 Brew and Grow 3625 N. Kedzi Ave. Chicago, IL 60618 773-463-7430 Chicago Roots Hydroponics & Organics 4020 W. Irving Park Rd. Chicago, IL 60641 773-545-4020 Fertile Ground 463 West MacArthur Dr. Cottage Hills, IL 62018 618-259-5500 _________________________

Midwest Hydroganics 20647 Renwick Rd. Crest Hill, IL 60403 815-838-0100 _________________________ Brew and Grow- Crystal Lake 176 W. Terra Cotta Ave. Crystal Lake, IL 60014 815-301-4950

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GroUp Gardening 221 N. 5th St. Pekin, IL 61554 309-349-4407 _________________________ Grow Shop of Peoria 2621 N University Peoria, IL 61604 309-299-0953 _________________________

Heartland Hydrogardens 7403 Broadway St. Quincy, IL 62305 217-214-GROW(4769) _________________________ Brew and Grow 3224 South Alpine Rd. Rockford, IL 61109 815-874-5700 Rock Valley Garden Center 785 N.Bell School Rd. Rockford, IL 61107 815-398-9419 Brew and Grow 359 W. Irving Park Rd. Unit E Roselle, IL 60172 630-894-4885 Organic Garden Center 9223 Skokie Blvd. Skokie, IL 60077 847-675-2722

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

Worm’s Way Indiana 7850 North State Rd. 37 Bloomington, IN 47404 800-598-8158 _________________________

Worm’s Way Mail Order 7850 North State Rd. 37 Bloomington, IN 47404 800-274-9676 _________________________ Frogs Lilly Pad, The 706 Citation Rd. Carmel, IN 46032 317-846-4610 Hops & Harvest 4616 E. DuPont Rd., Suite Q Fort Wayne, IN 46825 260-918-3035 Harvest Moon Hydroponics 1336 East Washington St. Indianapolis, IN 46202 317-780-8020 Magic Bulb Garden Center 6221 Allisonville Rd. Indianapolis, IN 46220 317-202-2852 _________________________

Maximum Grow Gardening 6117 E Washington St. Indianapolis, IN 46219 317-359-GROW (4769) _________________________ Next Generation Gardening & Hydroponics 6805 Madison Ave. Indianapolis, IN 46227 317-786-0066 One Stop Grow Shop 2326 E.44th St. Indianapolis, IN 46205 317-546-GROW

The Wine-N-Vine Inc. 1524 East McGalliard Rd. Muncie, IN 47303 765-282-3300 _________________________

BWGS-IN 1400 Hancel Pkwy., Mooresville, IN 46158 800-316-1306 _________________________ Five Point Gardens 56555 Oak Rd. S. Bend, IN 46619 574-287-9232

KANSAS Kan-Grow Hydro Farm LLC 5555 S. Meridian Ave. Wichita, KS 67217 316-214-3022

MAINE

LiquidSun of Maine 51West Gray Rd. Gray, ME 04039 207-657-8033 Natures Palate Indoor Garden Store 1321 Mercer Rd. (route 2) Mercer, ME 04957 877-587-4150; 207-587-4150 Newfield Farms 122 Water St. Newfield, ME 04095 207-956-3334 _________________________

KENTUCKY Garden Grove Organics 29 East 7th St. Covington (Cincinnati Metro), KY 41011 859-360-1843 _________________________

Worm’s Way Kentucky 1360 Donaldson Hwy. Suite A Erlanger, KY 41018 800-669-2088 _________________________

Maxmimum Grow Gardening 140 Frontage Rd Ste D Lafayette, IN 47905 765-464-6689 _________________________ Grow Shop, The of Lexington 2320 Palumbo Dr., Suite 130 Lexington, KY 40509 859-268-0779 Success Hydroponics Lexington, KY 4505 859-294-4769 Louisville Hydroponics 3471 Taylor Blvd. Louisville, KY 40215 502-366-4000 New Earth Garden Center 9810 Taylorsville Rd. Louisville, KY 40299 800-462-5953

Evergreen Garden Center 301 Forest Ave. Portland, ME 04101 207-761-2800 _________________________

High Tech Garden Supply Maine178 Rand Rd. Portland, ME 04102 207-899-4387 _________________________

Here We Grow 30 Parsons St. Presque Isle, ME 04769 207-SOY-BEAN (769-2326) Green Thumb Indoor Gardening 19 Stage Rd. St. Albans, ME 04971 207-938-5909 New England Horticulture Supply 125 John Roberts Rd., Suite 1 S. Portland, ME 04106 207-899-0510 Urban Garden Center 235 Lewiston Rd. Topsham, ME 04086 207-373-0990 Greenlife Garden Supply 611 US Route 1 York, ME 03909 207-363-0844 MARYLAND

Bluegrass Hydro Garden 13529 S. Dixie Hwy. Upton, KY 42784 270-369-9000

Healthy Gardens and Supply 5001-F Harford Rd. Baltimore, MD 21214 443-708-5144

LOUISIANA

Eco Greenworks 7814 Parston Dr. Forestville, MD 20747 301-278-7541

Urban Organics 285 St. Claude Ave. New Orleans, LA 70117 504-352-4709 Ourcrazydeals Hydroponics 201 Angus Dr. Yungsville, LA 70592 337-303-6146

Montgomery Hydroponics 8950 Brookville Rd. Silver Springs, MD 20910 301-588-1935 _________________________ Purple Mountain Organics 100-7010 Westmoreland Ave. Takoma Park, MD 20912 877-538-9901

MASSACHUSETTS Grow it Green 122 Pulaski Blvd. Bellingham, MA 02019 508-883-GROW Greenlife Garden Supply 481 Boston Rd., Unit 4 Billerica, MA 01821 978-262-9966 Mass Hydro 1753 Main St. Brockton, MA 02301 GYOstuff – Grow Your Own 2400 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge, MA 02140 617-945-1654 Mass Hydro 390 Rhode Island Ave. Fall River MA 02721 704-GO-HYDRO Harvest Moon Hydroponics 29 Washington St., Route 1 Foxboro, MA 02035 800-660-6977 _________________________

The Urban Garden Center 659 Warren Ave. Portland, ME 04103 207-347-2350

Bluegrass Organic Grow Shop 125 Quinn Dr. Nicholasville, KY 40356 859-887-0677

Laughing Buddha Nursery 4516 Clearview Parkway Metairie, LA 70006 504-887-4336

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The Urban Garden Center 600 Wilson St. Brewer, ME 04412 207-989-2020

East Coast Organics 2800 Sisson St. Baltimore, MD 21211

New England Hydroponics 855 Worcester Rd. Route 9 Framingham, MA 01701 888-529-9025 _________________________ Here We Grow 123 Russell St. (Route 9) Hadley, MA 01035 413-584-FARM (3276) LiquidSun® MA 8 Lynwood Ave. Holyoke, MA 01040 413-539-6875 Cape Cod Hydroponics 195 Ridgewood Ave. Hyannis, MA 02601 508-737-2555 _________________________

Rootdown Hydroponics Indoor Garden Center 236 Mystic Ave. Medford, MA 01255 781-874-1693 _________________________ Green Path Garden Supply 276 West Main St. Northborough, MA 01532 508-393-4181 LiquidSun® RI 1179 Central Ave. Pawtucket, MA 02861 401-722-2724 _________________________

Maryland Hydroponics Inc. 10051 North 2nd St. Laurel, MD 20723 301-490-9236 Meadowview Feed & Garden Center 1202 Meadowview Rd. Pasadena, MD 21122 443-817-0018

Evergreen Garden Center 216 Newbury St. Peabody, MA 01960 978-854-5541 _________________________

Hydroponics N More Garden Center 331 Centre Ave. Rockland, MA 02370 781-421-3356 Mass Hydro 679 Washington St. S. Attlevoro, MA 02703 508-761-4937 _________________________

Tru Bloomz Hydroponics 1201 Fall River Ave. Seekonk, MA 02771 508-336-4443 _________________________

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Cultivation Station 2734 Jackson Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48103 734-213-7740 _________________________ U Can Grow Hydro 2247 W. Liberty Ann Arbor, MI 4810 734-369-3387 _________________________

Discount Hydro & Indoor

High Tech Garden Supply 560 Boston Turnpike (Route 9) Shrewsbury, MA 01545 508-845-4477 _________________________ Nor’easter Organic Life 515 College Highway Unit J Southwick, MA 01077 413-998-3951 _________________________

New England Hydroponics 15 D College Hwy. (Route 10) Southampton, MA 01073 888-529-9025 _________________________ Nor'easter Organic Life 515 College Highway Unit J Southwick, MA 01077 413-998-3951 _________________________

Worm’s Way Massachusetts 121 Worc-Providence Turnpike Sutton, MA 01590 800-284-9676 _________________________ LiquidSun East 12 Bay St. Unit 105 Wilmington, MA 01887 978-447-5442

MICHIGAN Get Growing Urban Garden Centre 142 S. Main St. Adrian, MI 49221 All Things Good and Green 501 E. Michigan Ave. Augusta, MI 49012 269-978-8550 Allegan Hydroponic Supply 1177 Lincoln Rd. Allegan, MI 49010 269-355-1595 _________________________

Cultivation Station of Michigan Inc., The 6540 Allen Rd. Allen Park, MI 48101 313-383-1766 _________________________

Garden Supplies

Gro Blue Discount Hydro and Indoor Garden Supplies 4072 Packard Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48108 734-913-2750 _________________________ Grow Show, The 4095 Stone School Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48108 734-677-0009; 734-677-0509 HotHydro® 5245 Jackson Rd., Suite F Ann Arbor, MI 48103 734-761-5040; 877-893-0716 All things Good and Green 501 E. Michigan Ave. Augusta, MI 49012 269-978-8550 Battle Creek Indoor Gardening 1125 E.Michigan Ave. Battle Creek MI 49014 269-282-0554 BIG Green Tomato 1775 E. Columbia Ave. Battle Creek, MI 49014 269-282-1593 Homelight Gardens 3471 S. Huron Rd. Bay City, MI 48706 989-922-0088 Grow Supply Center 3131 Benzie Hwy. Benzonia, MI 49616 231-882-9270 J&L Growco 206 S. Michigan Ave. Big Rapids, MI 49307 231-796-1528 Hydro Vision 11820 Belleville Belleville, MI 48111 734-325-6210 One Stop Grow Shop Inc., The 397 Main St., Suite A. Belleville, MI 48111 734-325-7242 Growers Outlet 7720 Clyde Park SW Byron Center, MI 49513 616-878-4444 Happy Harvesters Hydroponics 4410 South Saginaw St. Burton, MI 48529 810-496-3005 Hydroponic Gardening 4204 Davison Rd. Burton, MI 48505 810-406-3355 Two Guys and a Grow Shop 3374 Atherton Rd. Burton, MI 48509 810-820-4275 _________________________

Hydro Giant #4 6199 Haggerty Rd. West Bloomfield, MI 48322 248-668-6100 _________________________

Caledonia Gardens 9750 Cherry Valley Ave. SE Caledonia Gardens, MI 49316 616-891-0706 Greenway Gardens 916 W 13th St. Cadillac, MI 49601 231-775-7075 Indoor Grower’s Edge 8998 E. 34 Rd., Suite B Cadillac, MI 49601 231-468-3343 Easy Growing 5748 N. Canton Centre Rd. Canton, MI 48187 734-451-4500 Hydro Helper 6445 Canton Center Rd. Canton, MI 48187 734-354-3900 _________________________

The Great Lakes Hydroponics Co. 5998 US.31 South Charlevoix MI 49720 231-237-9153 _________________________ Hydro Pro’s Indoor Garden 30504 23 Mile Rd. Chesterfield, MI 48047 586-741-8805 _______________________

Cultivation Station 3 Inc. 46912 Gratiot Chesterfield, MI 48051 586-949-7453 ________________________ Horti-Toad Hydroponic Supply 21323 Harper St. Clair Shores, MI 48080 586-944-0650 Hydro 411 411 West 5th St. Clare, MI 48617 989-941-4157

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The Grow Station 5670 Telegraph Rd. Dearborn, MI 48127 313-406-5147; 800-797-4769 (GROW) _________________________

Hydro Giant #1 14455 Ford Rd. Dearborn, MI 48126 313-216-8888 ________________________

Clio Cultivation 11394 N.Saginaw Rd. Clio, MI 48420 810-686-4769 HydroMaster 36345 Grosebeck Hwy. Clinton Twp, MI 48035 586-792-0277 Hydro Pro’s Indoor Garden 20560 Hall Rd. Clinton Township, MI 48038 586-263-5793

Cultivation Station – Eastern Market, The 2518 Market St. Detroit, MI 48207 313-394-0441 ________________________ Growers R Us 19317 West Warren Detroit, MI 48228 313-633-1617 _________________________

Hydro Giant #3 21651 W. 8 Mile Rd.(8 Mile & Lahser) Detroit, MI 48219 313-387-7700 _________________________ Hydro Heaven 73647 W 8th Mile Rd. Detroit, MI 48235 313-861-0333; 877-823-2076 _________________________

Ultra Lo Hydro ultralohydro.com 937-252-8224 _________________________

Urban Gardening Center, The 2520 22nd St. Detroit, MI 48216 313-898-0200 _________________________

Superior Growers Supply 4870 Dawn Ave. E. Lansing, MI 48823 517-332-2663 _________________________ Sunnyside Hydroponics 24930 Gratiot Ave. Eastpoint, MI 48021 586-777-2528

H2O Grow Supply 3364 Arent Ct. Coloma, MI 49038 269-468-3890

GroMart Indoor Gardening Solutions 68991 M-62 Suite Q Edwardsburg, MI 49112 269-414-4385

Lets Grow Hydroponics 1141 W Randall Coopersville, MI 49404 616-997-0420

Bay de Noc Hydroponic & Garden Supply 1501 Sheridan Rd. Escanaba, MI 49829 906-553-7006

Van Hydro 7480 N State Davison, MI 48423 810-653-8267

Urban Garden Supply 4516 Pasadena Ave. Flint, MI 48504 810-733-0420 Urban Garden Supply 3410 S. Dort Hwy. Flint, MI 48507 810-875-9580 Granny Green Thumbs 103 W. Grand River Flowerville, MI 48836 517-223-1302 Indoor/Outdoor Garden Shop 105 N. Seymour Rd. Flushing, MI 48433 810-867-4351 _________________________

Michigan Hydro Depot 571 E. Chicago St., Suite B Coldwater, MI 49036 517-278-9600 All American Indoor Gardening Warehouse 11504 N. Saginaw Rd. Clio, MI 48420 810-640-1156

Green Thumb Garden Center 22963 Woodward Ave. Ferndale, MI 48220 248-439-1851

Hydro Vision 495 Fenway Dr. Fenton, MI 810-714-1719

The Grow Shop of Garden City 28505 Ford Rd. Garden City, MI 48135 734-956-5400 _________________________

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Hydroharrys- HP 24047 Dequindre Rd. Hazel Park, MI 48030 248-541-0099 _________________________ Garden Doctor 2974 28th St. SW Grandville, MI 49418 616-530-2500 Holland Hydroponic Outlet 1220 Phoenix Rd. S. Haven, MI 49090 269-637-5941 Absolute Wholesale Garden Supply 3255 Highland Rd. Highland, MI 48357 248-714-6558 _________________________

Flower Factory, The 2223 East Highland Rd. Highland, MI 48356 248-714-9292 _________________________ Holland Hydroponic Outlet 587-40 East 8th St. Holland, MI 49423 616-298-7395

Synthetic Sun Hydroponics, LLC 799 S. Wisconsin Ave. Gaylord, MI 49735 989-731-8800 _________________________

Mr. Grow it All 6660 Blair Lane Holland, MI 49424 616-392-3028

Growco Garden Supply 1042 Michigan St. NE Grand Rapids, MI 49503 877-939-6900 NEW 2nd LOCATION! 4640 West River Dr. Comstock Park, MI 49321 _________________________

Holland Hydroponic Outlet 1220 Phoenix Rd. S. Haven, MI 49090 269-637-5941 ________________________

Home Grown Hydroponix 5333 Plainfield, Suite C Grand Rapids, MI 49525 616-361-2924 _________________________

Horizen Hydroponics 1614 Leonard St., NW Grand Rapids, MI 49504 866-791-1664 _________________________ Grand Rapids Hydroponics Inc. 524 Leonard St. Grand Rapids, MI 49504 616-454-2500 _________________________

Garden Doctor 2974 28th St. SW Grandville, MI 49418 616 530 2500 _________________________ Holland Hydroponic Outlet 604 N. Beacon Blvd. Grand Haven, MI 49423 616-847-1277

Hydro Grow Room 15201 N. Holly Rd., Unit B Holly MI, 48430 248-369-8333

HGR Garden Supply 15231 N. Holly Rd. Holly, MI 48442 248-369-8333 _________________________ J&W Farm & Garden Center 10906 Main St. Honor, MI 49640 231-325-3433 _________________________

Synthetic Sun Hydroponics, LLC 705 S. Loxley Houghton Lake, MI 48629 989-422-2800 _________________________ Hydro Vision 1247 E. Grand River Howell, MI 48843 517-552-4965 Grow Fast Gardens 5015 South Straits Hwy. Indian River, MI 49749 231-238-4113 _________________________

BSS Garden Supplies 8899 Peck Rd. Unit #2 Greenville, MI 48838 616-225-7000

Aric’s Indoor Garden Supply W. 8065 US Highway 2 Iron Mountain, MI 49801 906-828-2000 _________________________

It is Green Ville Gardens 11500 Morgan Mills Rd., NE Greenville, MI 48838 616-745-0500

Grow Maxx 1220 S. Stephenson Ave. Iron Mountain, MI 49801 920-447-2211

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MAXIMUM YIELD distributors Hydro Magic 595 South Cedar St. Imlay City, MI 48444 810-721-7232 Ionia Hydroponics & Indoor Garden Supply 2555 N. State(M-66) Rd. Ionia, MI 48846 616-523-6111 Hydrocapitol 258 Cooper St. Jackson, MI 49201 517-795-2633 Mighty Grow 2418 West Michigan Ave. Jackson, MI 49202 517-962-4822 _________________________

High Tech Garden Supply 1745 West Main St. Kalamazoo, MI 49006 269-978-8697 _________________________

Horizen Hydroponics 4646 W. Main St. Kalamazoo, MI 49006 269-567-3333 _________________________

H2O Hydroponics 5210 W. Saginaw Hwy Lansing, MI 48917 517-703-8120

Green Grow LLC 9046 N. Dort Mt. Morris, MI 48458 810-687-9500

Watch it Grow Hydroponics 407 W. Center St. Omer, MI 48749 989-653-2141

Edenz Hydro 560 Oak St. Lapeer, MI 48446 248-291-6691

Indoor Grower’s Edge 2410 S. Leaton Suite 5 Mt. Pleasant, MI 48858 989-317-0944

Happy Harvesters Hydroponics 1772 S. Ortonville Dr. Ortonville, MI 48462 248-793-3357

Howz It Growing 700 Main St. Suite 101B Lapeer, MI 48446 810-245-8687 Two Guys and a Grow Shop 11917 E. Lennon Rd. Lennon, MI 48449 810-621-3790 _________________________

Superior Growers Supply Inc. 292200 Seven Mile West Livonia, MI 48152 248-473-0450 _________________________

Plainwell Indoor/Outdoor Garden Center 8201 Douglas Ave. Kalamazoo, MI 49009 269-532-1167 Zoo City Grower Supply 3514 S. Westnedge Kalamazoo, MI 49008 269-903-2450 Halms Hydro 2368 S. Huron Rd. Kawkawklin, MI 48631 989-402-1296 _________________________

High Tech Garden Supply 2815 East Grand River Ave. Lansing, MI 48912 517-580-0555 _________________________ Howz It Growing 1290 S. Lapeer Rd. Lake Orion, MI 48360 248-693-5747

Plant Paradise 4593 W. US 10 Ludington, MI 49431 231-843-3000

Superior Growers Supply Inc. 3928 West Saginaw Hwy. Lansing, MI 48917 517-327-1900 _________________________

184

Big Blue Hydroponics 590 Ottawa St. Muskegon, MI 49441 231-571-9400 Growing Consultant Hydroponics & Things 2260 Apple Ave. Muskegon, MI 49442 231-773-5600 _________________________

Green Lantern H2O 1383 E. Laketon Ave. Muskegon, MI 49442 231-722-0420 _________________________

Northern Lights Hydroponic & Garden Supply 29090 Campbell Rd. Madison Heights, MI 48071 248-439-6269 Hypnotic Hydroponics 321 Deer St. Manistique, MI 49854 906- 341-GROW BIg Creek Hydroponics 555 Old Little Lake Rd. Marquette, MI 49855 906-249-5297 Indoor Garden Center 236 Mystic Ave. Medford, MA 02155 781-874-1693 Sweet Greens Hydroponics 113 Fifth St. Michigan Center, MI 49254 517-764-9232 Stealth Hydro 14630 King Dr. Milan, MI 48160 734-961-4333 _________________________

Capital City Growers 2208 E. Michigan Ave. Lansing, MI 48912 517-853-9988 _________________________

Horizen Hydroponics 5425 W. Saginaw Hwy Lansing, MI 48917 517-323-ROOT _________________________

Sunshine Supply Co. 5800 East Pickard St. Mt. Pleasant, MI 48858 989-775-3700

The Barefoot Gardener 11635 Fulton St. Suite 300B Lowell, MI 49331 616-987-3457

Edenz Hydro 1411 West 14 Mile Madison Heights, MI 48071 248-291-6691 Kalamazoo Indoor Garden 450 W. Maple Kalamazoo, MI 49001 269-344-2550 _________________________

Retail Stores listed alphabetically by city in each state.

The Grow Shop 2609 Telegraph Rd. Monroe, MI 48162 734-384-4769 _________________________

Third Coast Horticulture Supply 1965 Holton Rd Muskegon, MI 49445 231-288-1762 _________________________ Harbor Country Hydro 17648 US Highway 12 New Buffalo, MI 49117 269-469-2242 _________________________

Flo-N-Grow Hydroponics Co. 214 North 2nd St. Niles, MI 49120 269-683-1877 www.FNGhydro.com _________________________

Healthy Harvest Garden Supply 233 South State St. Oscoda, MI 48750 989-569-3006

Hydro Giant #5 290 S. Telegraph Pontiac, MI 48341 248-706-7600 _________________________ Super Grow 288 W. Montcalm Pontiac, MI 48342 248-24SUPER (78737) Green Earth Hydroponics 8127 Portage Rd. Portage, MI 49002 269-342-419 _________________________

Hydroponics Highway Inc. 2708 14th Ave. Port Huron, MI 48060 810-982-4769 _________________________ Ultra Green Hydroponics 9300 Telegraph Rd. Redford, MI 48239 313-534-9377 Hydro Vision 66783 Gratiot Ave. Richmond, MI 48062 586-430-1956 _________________________

Growers Edge 175 Marcell Dr. Rockford, MI 49341 _________________________

Cedar Garden Wholesale 132 North Bound Gratiot Mt. Clements, MI 48043 586-738-0030 Cedar Garden Wholesale 132 North Bound Gratiot Mt. Clements, MI 48043 586-738-0030

Owlyn Solutions for Growers 2398 Jolly Rd., Suite 300 Okemos, MI 48864 517-203-5070

Happy Gardening 20840 Telegraph Rd. Romulus, MI 48174 734-486-4115

Hydro City LLC 34863 Schoenherr Sterling Heights, MI 48312 586-883-9075 ________________________

Hydro Giant #2 19363 Eureka Rd. Southgate, MI 48195 734-281-8888 _________________________ Green Thumb Hydroponics & Organic Indoor Supply 8460 Algoma, Suite G Rockford, MI 49341 616-884-5500 _________________________

High Tech Garden Supply 7889 Telegraph Rd. Taylor, MI 48180 313-908-7554 _________________________ Hydro Grow, The 8210 Telegraph Rd. Taylor, MI 48180 313-633-0641

High Tech Garden Supply 28000 Groesbeck Hwy. Roseville, MI 48066 586-435-2335 _________________________ Plant Paradise 7657 Michigan Ave. Rothbury, MI 49452 231-843-3000 GrowMart 2137 Warwick St. Saginaw, MI 48603 989-799-6330 Home Grown Hydroponics 4880 Gratiot Rd., Suite # 2 Saginaw, MI 48638 989-781-1930 Third Coast Garden Supply LLC 2327 Auburn Rd. Shelby Township, MI 48195 586-997-2700 _________________________

Cultivation Innovations 6652 Lewis Ave. Suite 7 Temperance, MI 48182 419-725-4769 Great Lakes Green Horticultural Supply 757 S. U.S. Highway 131 Three Rivers, MI 49093 269-278-130 Grow Depot 9 North Main St. Three Rivers, MI 49093 269-273-4769 _________________________

Cultivation Station 1990 US-31 N. Suite C Traverse City, MI 49686 231-421-8118 _________________________ Grow Store, The 90 N U.S. Highway 31 South Traverse City, MI 49685-7923 231-421-5191 _________________________

Superior Growers Supply, Inc. 5716 South Pennsylvania Ave. S. Lansing, MI 48911 517-393-1600 _______________________

Garden Wise 16010 King Rd. Riverview MI 48193 734-225-6414 amgardensupply@yahoo.com _________________________

Horti-Toad Hydroponic Supply 21323 Harper St. Clair Shores, MI 48080 586-944-0650 Advanced Hydroponic Growers 705 N. US 27 St.Johns, MI 48879 989-227-0408

Hydro Grow Source 10609 East Lovejoy Perry, MI 48872 517-376-8583 _________________________

HGR Garden Supply 200 E. Main St. Owosso, MI 48867 989-472-4999 _________________________

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

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High Tech Garden Supply 720 South Garfield Ave. Traverse City, MI 49686 231-668-6913 _________________________ Woodland Shore Garden Center 956 W. South Airport Rd. Traverse City, MI 49686 231-421-5901 Hydro Vision 1910 West Rd. Trenton, MI 48183 734-301-3745

Cultivation Station of Michigan Inc., The 23529 Little Mack Ave. St. Clair, MI 48080 586-775-9485 _______________________

Hydro Pro’s Indoor Garden 45410 Van Dyke Ave. Utica, MI 48317 586-803-0966 Forever Green 340 S. Main St. Vassar, MI 48768 989-882-9177

H2 Hydro 702 N. Pontiac Trail Walled Lake, MI 48390 248-669-6063 _________________________

Hydroharrys – WL 1138 E. West Maple Rd. Walled Lake, MI 48390 248-896-0099 _________________________

Beste’s Hydroponics 21410 Schoenherr Rd. Warren, MI 48089 586-776-1794

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Indoor Eden 9281 East-M 36 Whitmore, MI 48189 810-355-1465 _________________________ AAA Hydroponics LLC 22 50th St. Wyoming, MI 49504 616-249-8338 _________________________

_________________________ Greco’s Nursery & Garden Supplies 12219 E. 11 Mile Rd. Warren, MI 48093 586-759-1335 Hydro King Indoor Garden Supply 32000 Van Dyke Ave. Warren, MI 48093 586-939-0518 _________________________

Cultivation Station – Grand Rapids, The 4907 S. Division Ave. Wyoming, MI 49548 616-855-4440 _________________________

The Grow Stop 7380 Highland Rd. Waterford, MI 48327 248-599-9231 _________________________ Indoor Garden Superstore 2570 Dixie Hwy. Waterford, MI 48328 248-673-2200; 877-22-HYDRO Happy Harvesters Hydroponics 5720 Highland Rd. Waterford, MI 48327 248-599-9761 Light Green Water 3661 Highland Rd. Waterford, MI 48329 248-681-0001 Bubonic Hydroponics 38540 Michigan Ave. Wayne, MI 48184 734-331-2316 _________________________

Eden Indoor Organic Gardens 831 Highway 75 N. Moorhead, MN 56560 218-477-EDEN (3336) _________________________

American Garden Supply 601-6th Ave. N. Princeton, MN 55371 763-631-0543 _________________________ Still-H2O Inc. 1266 Frontage Road W Stillwater, MN 55082 651-351-2822 _________________________

Midwest Hydroponics 5825 Excelsior Blvd. St. Louis Park, MN 55416 888-449-2739 _________________________ Eco Garden Supply 800 Transfer Door 25 in rear St. Paul, MN 55114 651-647-1896

MISSISSIPPI Stealth Hydro 15 E. Cross St. Ypsilanti, MI 48198 866-998-1916 _________________________

MINNESOTA Duluth Hydroponics 26 W 1st St. Duluth, MN 55802 218-341-7253 The Interior Tomato, LLC 519 N. Central Ave. Duluth, MN 55087 218-260-5167 _________________________

Urban Organics 2217 E Canal St. Picayune, MS 39466 504-352-4709

B&B Hydro Supply 28974 Warren Rd. Westland, MI 48185 734-469-280 Ultra Green Hydroponics 8067 N. Wayne Rd. Westland, MI 48185 734-425-1000

Versaponics LTD 879 South Kingshighway Cape Girardeau, Mo 63703 573-450-5401 _________________________

Heartland Hydrogardens 705 Vandiver Dr., Suite G Columbia, MO 65202 573-474-4769 _________________________

G.C. II 1006 E. Colby St., Suite A Whitehall, MI 49417 231-893-2400

Indoor Gardening 10 NE 3rd St. Faribault, MN 55021 507-209-1546 _________________________ Brew and Grow 8302 Highway 65 NE. Minneapolis, MN 55432 763-780-8191 Interior Gardens 115 -1620 Central Ave. NE Minneapolis, MN 55413 800-498-4178; 612-870-9077

Worm’s Way Missouri 1225 North Warson Rd. St. Louis, MO 63132 800-285-9676 _________________________

Green Thumb Organics 249 Mid Rivers Mall Dr. St. Peters, MO 63376 636-397-4769 (GROW) _________________________

NEBRASKA

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Bodhi Organic Garden Supply 1438 S1 St., Suite 6 Lincoln, NE 68502 402-438-6785

The Beez Kneez Garden Supply 180 Emerald St. Keene, NH 03431 603-903-1488

Patio-Ponics 3255 Cornhusker Hwy., Suite 4 Lincoln, NE 68504 402-466-9218 ________________________

Greenlife Garden Supply 885 Second St. Manchester, NH 03102 603-782-8259 _________________________

Paradigm Gardens 8949 J St., Suite 5 Omaha, NE 68127 402-339-4949 _________________________

Hydro101 545 Hooksett Rd. #24 Manchester, NH 03104 603-782-8894 _________________________

NEVADA

Natural Roots Hydroponics 24 Crown St. Nashua, NH 03060 603-204-5528

MONTANA

Carson Valley Hydroponics 2520 Empire Ranch Rd. Carson City, NV 89701 775-884-4769

Heightened Harvests 3103 Harrison Ave. Butte, MT 59701 406-494-4222

Lorraine Indoor Gardens 290 Spear Court Fernley, NV 89408 775-575-7757

One World – Life Products 906 Broadwater Billings, MT 59101 406-839-9969

Hydro Store, The 1014 W. Sunset Rd. Henderson, NV 89014 702-434-7365

Heightened Harvest 1415 S 32nd St. West Billings, MT 59102 406-656-1156 _________________________

AAA Indoor Organic Garden SuperCenter 2101 S. Decatur Blvd. #21 Las Vegas, NV 89102 702-450-4769

MISSOURI

Grow Your Own Hydroponics 3617 Saint John Ave. Kansas City, MO 64123 816-241-2122 _________________________ Hydrospot 34236 Michigan Ave. Wayne, MI 48184 734-722-1285 _________________________

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Butteopia 127 Main St. Butte, Montana 59701 1-406-782-8476 _________________________ Alpengrow Nursery Supplies 238 Highway 93 S. Eureka, MT 59917 406-882-4496 Big Sky Garden Supply 528 West Idaho Kallispell, MT 59901 406-755-1465 Box of Rain INC 860 North Meridian Rd., Suite B #19&20 Kalispell, MT 59901 406-755-RAIN (7246) Cornucopia Grow Your Own 127 Stoner Creek Rd. Lakeside, MT 59922 406-709-1076

Grower’s Edge 175 Marcell Dr. Rockford, MI 49341 _________________________

Dr. Green Thumbs 1106 West Park Livingston, MO 59047 406-222-7440

U-Grow 1724 North, 13th St. St. Louis, MO 63106 314-452-6368

Bizzy Beez LLP 5785 Highway 93 South Whitefish, MT 59937 406-863-9937

Advanced Gardens Hydroponics 7850 Dean Martin Dr., Suite 506 Las Vegas, NV 89139 702-247-4769 All American Hydroponics 2675 East Patrick Lane, Unit 8 Las Vegas, NV 89120 702-894-9888 Best Hydroponic Supply 6818 W Cheyenne Las Vegas, NV 89108 702-750-9300 Grow Hydro Gardens 5870 S. Decatur, Suite 11 Las Vegas, NV 89148 702-997-7053; Toll Free 866568-4769 Hydro Store, The 7145 W. Ann Rd. Las Vegas, NV 89130 702-434-9376 Nevada Hydroponics 4700B Maryland, Suite 1 Las Vegas, NV 89119 702-798-2852

Four Seasons Horticulture Supply 2076 White Mountain Hwy. N. Conway, NH 03860 603-733-5444

NEW JERSEY Garden State Hydroponics 511 Avenel St. Avenel, NJ 07001 888-300-8711 Boyer Indoor Gardening 57 Crescent Blvd. Gloucester City, NJ 08030 856-456-5000 Bergen County Hydroponics 70 Essex St. Hackensack, NJ 07601 201-342-2001 Garden Indoors of New Jersey 600 Meadowlands Pkwy., Suite 25 Secaucus, NJ 07094 201-865-1616 East Coast Horticultural Supply 1652 Hurffville Rd. Sewell, NJ 08080 856-228-5290 77HYDRO 37 Fairfield Pl. W. Caldwell, NJ 07006 877-774-9376 Claraqua 4 Redwood Court W. Windsor, NJ 08550

NEW MEXICO

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Anything Grows 190 West Moana Lane Reno, NV 89509 775-828-1460 Everything Green Hydroponics Reno, Nv 89533 The Hydro Store 121 Woodland Ave #160 Reno, NV 89523 775-787-2760

AHL Year Round Garden Supply 1051 San Mateo Blvd. S. Albuquerque, NM 87108 505-255-3677 _________________________

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

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MAXIMUM YIELD distributors _________________________

All Seasons Gardening 3600 Osuna Rd., Suite 406 Alburquerque, NM 87109 505-508-4292 _________________________ Common Shaman 1319 San Mateo N.E. Albuquerque, NM 87110 505-255-6463 Heavy’s Grow Supply 1325 San Mateo Blvd. NE. Albuquerque, NM 87110 505-315-4573 Dr. Green Hydroponics 129 E. Idaho Ave. Las Cruces, NM 88005 575-524-6751 _________________________

Buffalo Roots Hydroponics and Organics 3231 Main St. Buffalo, NY 14214 716-240-9075

The Grow Room 8 Bridge St. Nyack, NY 10960 800-449-9630

Hydroponics of Buffalo 1497 Hertel Ave. Buffalo, NY 14216 716-838-3545

Revolution Hydroponics 309 West State St. Olean, NY 14760 716-373-GROW (4769)

Harvest Moon Hydroponics 340 West at 59 Central Nyack, NY 10960 California Hydroponics 27 Corporate Circle E. Syracuse, NY 13057 315-432-9387 Upstate Hydroponics 2026 Lake Rd., Unit B Elmira, NY 14903 607-483-9199 _________________________ FutureGarden Inc. 59 Central Ave. Farmingdale, NY 11735 516-420-0884 _________________________ Sunflower Supplies, LLC 176-18 Central Ave. Farmingdale, NY 11735 631-651-8281

Healthy Harvest Organics & Hydro 163 Broadway Fort Edwart, NY 12828 518-480-4698

New Mexico Hydroponics 923 W. Almeada Santa Fe, NM 87501 505-316-5855

Saratoga Organics & Hydroponic Supply 10 Saratoga Ave. S. Glen Falls, NY 12803 518-798-820

Santa Fe Hydroponics 851 W. San Mateo Rd., Suite 4 Santa Fe, NM 87505 505-467-8454

Hydroponic Shops of America 2568 Western Ave. Guilderland, NY 12009 518-355-1503

NEW YORK Organica: Garden Supply & Hydroponics 296 Delaware Ave. Albany, NY 12209 518-618-7666 The Grow Room 32-32 49th St. Astoria, NY 11103 718-218-GROW (4769) Saratoga Organics & Hydroponic Supply 19 Front St. Ballston Spa, NY 12020 518-885-2005; 800-850-4769 The Grape Vine 4020 Hempstead Turnpike Bethpage, NY 11714 516-731-1100

Mor Gro Hydroponics 5680 State Route 104 E Oswego, NY 13126 315-877-8725 Environmental Gardens 8 John Walsh Blvd., Suite 310 Peekskills, NY 10566 800-254-0507; 914-736-6676 Harvest Moon Hydroponics Henrietta Townline Plaza 3047 West Henrietta Rd. Rochester, NY 14623 716-865-7353 ________________________

East Coast Hydroponics 14649 Horace Harding Exp. Flushing, NY 11367 718-762-8880

All Seasons Gardening 1228 Parkway, Suite E. Sante Fe, NM 87507 505-438-GROW _________________________

Taos Gardening Supply 120 Bertha Taos, NM 87571 575-758-9131

Hydroponic Shops of America 720 Willow Ave. Ithaca, NY 14850 607-697-0199 Greentree Garden Supply 606 Elmira Rd. Ithaca, NY 14850 607-272-3666 Mike’s Nursery & Grower Supplies 199 E. Fairmount Ave. Lakewood, NY 14750 716-763-1612 Harvest Moon Hydroponics 217 Route 32 N. New Paltz, NY 12561 845-255-3633 _________________________

Hydro Garden Center 1069B Lyell Ave. Rochester, NY 14606 1-800-277-1322 ________________________ Sunset Hydroponics & Home Brewing 1590 West Ridge Rd. Rochester, NY 14615 866-395-9204 Hydroponic Garden Centers Inc 146 49 Horace Harding Exp. Rushing, NY 11367 718-762-8880 LiquidSun of New York 1702 Fiero Ave. Rotterdam, NY 12150 518-952-4654 Hydroponics Shops of America 2606 Erie Blvd. Syracuse, NY 13224 315-251-2516 _________________________

Green Zone Hydroponics 2148 Niagara Falls Blvd. Tonawanda, NY. 14150 716-693-9663 _________________________

The Green Box 495 9th Ave. NY, NY 10018 212-967-4777 thegreenboxhydro.com _________________________

Bklyn Hydro & Garden 316 McGuiness Blvd. Brooklyn, NY 11222 718-383-0095

Sunlight Solutions Hydroponics 2045 Niagara Falls Blvd., Suite 13 Niagara Falls, NY 14304 888-GROWBOX

Green Zone Hydroponics 2928 Southwestern Blvd. Orchard Park, NY 14127 716-677-9663

Brooklyn Farms 51 Hicks St. Brooklyn, NY 11231 347-725-3491

Crossroads Hydroponics and Organics 181 South Plank Rd. (Route 52) Newburgh, NY 12550 845-561-4769

186

KG Garden Supply 4575 Commercial Dr. New Hartford, NY 13413 877-KG-HYDRO

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

NORTH CAROLINA

OHIO

Advanced Hydroponic Garden 55 Shiloh Rd. #6 Asheville, NC 28803 1-828-277-3488

Akron Garden Center 434 W Wilbeth Rd. Akron, OH 44314 330-724-2700

Fifth Season Gardening Company 21 B Westside Dr. Asheville, NC 28806 828-225-5007 Fifth Season Gardening Company 45 Banks Ave. Asheville, NC 28801 828-253-4112 Fifth Season Gardening Company 106 South Greensboro St. Carrboro, NC 27510 919-932-7600 ________________________

BWGS-NC 4045 Perimeter West Dr., Suite 400 Charlotte, NC 28214 800-316-1306 ________________________

Summit Hydroponics 1030 Kenmore Blvd. Akron, OH 44314-2114 330-753-5222 Hydro House of Ohio 2234 South Union Ave. Alliance, OH 44601 330-680-4014 _________________________

High Tech Garden Supply 2712 B Freedom Dr. Charlotte, NC 28208 704-697-0911 ________________________ Flow & Grow Hydroponics & Organic Garden Center 4521 Cumberland Rd. Fayetteville, NC 28306 910-423-FLOW (3569) Hydro Garden Zone 2222 Patterson St. Suite #1 Green Grove, NC 27407 336-854-0788 Fifth Season Gardening Company 1616 D-3 Battleground Ave. Greensboro, NC 27408 336-271-3373

Fifth Season Gardening Company 5619-A Hillsborough St. Raleigh, NC 27606 919-852-4747

Herb-N-Garden Center 14901 Puritas Ave. Cleveland, OH 44135 216-252-2001 Garden Indoors of Ohio 4720 Indianola Ave. Columbus, OH 43214 800-833-6868 Magic Home Garden 4538 Indianola Ave. Columbus, OH 43214 614-263-2440 _________________________

Purely Hydroponic, LLC 1507 Lear Industrial Pkwy. Avon, OH 44011 866-787-5060 _________________________

Dayton Hydroponics 3856 Miamisburg-Centerville Rd. Dayton, OH 45449 937-859-3999 _________________________

Campbells Indoor Gardening Supplies 1721 Greenville Rd. Bristolville, OH 44402 330-889-0049

Miami Valley Hydro 8220 N. Dixie Dr. Dayton, OH 45414 937-280-4468 _________________________

Magic Home Gardens 209 Cemetery Rd. Canal Winchester, OH 43110 614-837-2440 Dumont Seed Co. 619 30th St. N.W. Canton, OH 44709 330-492-0204

Good Harvest Garden Center 629 Oakridge Farm Hwy. Mooresville, NC 28115 704-658-9136

Bronx Hydro & Garden 39 Bruckner Blvd. Bronx, NY 10454 718-993-3787

Indoor Outdoor Gardener 8223 5th Ave. Brooklyn, NY 11209 718-836-2402

Retail Stores listed alphabetically by city in each state.

Ultra Lo Hydro DAYTON, OH 45431-2046 937-252-8224 ultralohydro.com _________________________

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Dayton Hydroponics 4920 Provident Dr. Cincinnati, OH 45246 513-942-7111 _________________________ Eastside Hydroponics 834 Ohio Pike #318 Cincinnati, OH 45245 513-528-4769 _________________________

The Bubbling Bucket 11156 Kenwood Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45242 513-469-2825

USA Hydrogarden 542 Griswold Rd. Elyria, OH 44035 440-324-4769 _________________________ Garden Connections 3341 Centerpoint Dr. Grove City, OH 43123 614-871-0707 Advanced Hydrorganics Indoor Garden Center 5204 Darrow Rd. Hudson, OH 44236 234-380-1287 Sweet Greens 5540 Brecksville Rd. Independence, OH 44131 800-421-7084 _________________________

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New Age Gardens 2236A US Highway 70 Swannanoa, NC 28778 828-299-9989

Kissed by the Sun Hydroponic 10740 Reading Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45241 513-769-0159

Harvest Moon Hydroponics 147 Fourth St. Troy, NY 10960

Progressive Gardens 6005 Oleander Dr. Wilmington, NC 28403 910-395-1156

Cleveland Garden Center Inc. 727 East 185th St. Cleveland, OH 44119 216-481-7868

Hydro Gardens Wholesale 1144 N Memorial Dr. Lancaster, OH 43130 855-210-5599 _________________________

Follow The Sun 1185 B Yonkers Ave. Yonkers, NY 10704 914-237-2760

LiquidSun East 12 Bay St., Unit 105 Wilmington, NC 01887 978-447-5442

The Grow Wizard 5700 Denison Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44102 216-961-2500

Carefree Garden Center 134 West Dr. Lodi, OH 44254 330-302-4203

CropKing 134 West Dr. Lodi, OH 44254 330-302-4203 USA Hydrogarden 7450 Industrial Pkwy., Suite A Lorain, OH 44053 440-282-4880 The Grow Shop 165 Davids St. Marion, OH 43302 740-223-7467 _________________________

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Plant Lighting Hydroponics 2201-A Pinnacle Parkway Twinsburg, OH 44087 888-258-0670 _________________________ Greenleaf Hydroponics 1805 Elm Rd. Warren, OH 44483 330-372-1039

Urban Gardens 671 E. Center St. Marion, OH 43302 740-375-2800 _________________________

Dayton Hydroponics 3856 Miamisburg-Centerville Rd. W. Carrolton, OH 45449 937-859-3999 _________________________

Top Garden Products 8600 East Ave., Suite C Mentor, OH 44060 440-290-8773 _________________________

USA Hydrogarden - West 11001 Route 250 Suite B9 Milin, OH 44846 419-499-0480 ________________________ Green Garden Indoor Garden Center 1664 North Main St. N. Canton, OH 44720 330-494-1234 _________________________

Gardening-Indoor 5851 Youngstown-Warren Rd. Niles, OH 44446 USA 330-932-1023 _________________________ Pet Finatics LLC 3150 Navarre Ave., Suite A Oregon, OH 43616 USA Hydrogarden 542 Griswold Rd. Elyria, OH 44035 440-324-4769 Indoor Gardens 1222 Hill Rd., N. Pickerington, OH 43147 614-866-6065 _________________________

Trinity Hydro Organics 465 Woodman Dr. Riverside, OH 45431 937-252-GROW _________________________ USA Hydrogarden - West 11001 Route 250 Suite B9 Milin, OH 44846 419-499-0480 Hot Hydro ® 855 S. Holland-Sylvania Rd. #2 Toledo, OH 43615 419-866-1266 Organic Garden Center 5215 Monroe St. Toledo, OH 43623 419-517-8110 Toledo Hydroponics Ltd. 855 S. Holland-Sylvania Rd., Suite 2 Toledo, OH 43615 877-893-0716

Gardening-Indoor 9215 Market St. Youngstown (North Lima), OH 44452 330-758-0272 _________________________ Indoor Garden Worx 304 West Monroe St. Zanesville, OH 43701 866-900-9679

OKLAHOMA Aeroponic Tower Garden 204 W. 5th St. PO Box 712 Beggs, OK 74421 918-221-4630; 1-877-213-8868 Tulsa County HydroOrganics 1928 W. Albany Broken Arrow, OK 74012 918-259-HYDRO AAAAHA! Hydroponics Unlimited P.O. Box 74 Oakhurst, OK 74050 Organics OKC Garden Supply 2800 N Pennsylvania Ave. Oklahoma City, OK 73107 405-528-GROW

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Aqua Serene 465 Applegate Way, Ashland, OR 97520 541-482-7600 _________________________ Rogue Silicates Inc. POB 21 Azalea, OR 97410 541-837-8590 American Agriculture 9966 SW. Arctic Dr. Beaverton, OR 97005 503-641-3500 _________________________

B.I.G.S. 35 NW Bond Bend, OR 97701 541-385-5222 _________________________ Northern Light & Garden 9290 SW Beaverton-Hillsdale Hwy. Beaverton, OR 97005 503-297-7331 Westcoast Organic & Hydroponic Supply 12410 SE 282nd Ave., Unit C Boring, OR 97009 503-512-7710 The Good Earth Organics 30088 Redwood Hwy. Cave Junction, OR 97523 541-592-4496 Anthony’s Garden & Light Supply 93779 B Troy Lane Coos Bay, OR 97420 541-266-8822 Corvallis Hydroponics & Organics 5490 SW Philomath Blvd. Corvallis, OR 97333 541-738-2820 Emerald Valley Gardens Inc. 88680 McVay Hwy. Corvallis, OR 97405 541-636-3763 _________________________

The OKC Urban Gardener 3711 N. Western Ave. Oklahoma City, OK 73118 405-521-9300 The Mad Farmer Tulsa LLC 11630 E. 51st Tulsa, OK 74146 918-615-3735 Urban Garden 3141 E. 15th St. Tulsa, OK 74104 918-289-0018

OREGON Indoor Hydroponic Garden & Lights 5990 SW 185th Ave. Aloha, OR 97006 503-848-3335 Astoria Indoor Garden Supply 1343 Duane St., Unit C Astoria, OR 97103 503-468-0606

Aqua Serene 2836 W. 11th Ave. Eugene, OR 97402 541-302-9073 _________________________

Aurora Innovations PO Box 22041 Eugene, OR 97402 866-376-8578 _________________________ Vital Organics Northwest 457 River Ave. Eugene, OR 97404 541-688-0028 Oregon’s Constant Gardener 2385 West 11th Eugene, OR 97402 541-636-4220

Advanced Indoor Gardens 17831 S.E. 82nd Dr. Gladstone, OR 97027 503-305-6341 Northern Light & Garden 1203 Rogue River Hwy. Grants Pass, OR 97527 541-474-1700 Paradise Supply LLC 560 N.E. “F” St., Unit C Grants Pass, OR 97526 541-955-7293 Redwood Nursery 1303 Redwood Ave. Grants Pass, OR 97527 541-474-2642 Vital Organix 932-B S.E. “M” St. Grants Pass, OR 97526 541-226-9283 _________________________

Healthy Harvest Indoor Garden Suite #1, 1635 S.E. Tualatin Valley Hwy. Hillsboro, OR 97123 503-640-0995 _________________________ Gorge Garden Center 1203 12th St., Suite H Hood River, OR 97031 541-386-4769 _________________________

In & Out Gardens 93484 Hwy 99 South Junction City, OR 97448 541-234-2342 _________________________ Basin Indoor Gardening 417 N. Spring St. Klamath Falls, OR 97601 541-273-2023 Just the Tip Gardening 631 Main St. Lebanon, OR 97355 541-258-3234 Green Zone Garden Center & Hydroponic Supplies 1845 S.W. Hwy. 101 Suite 3 Lincoln, OR 97367 541-994-7070 Green Thumb Hydrogarden & Organic Supply 2021 West Main St. Medford, OR 97501 541-779-8600 Growing Crazy (Hooked On Hydroponics) 817 W. 2nd St. Medford, OR 97501 _______________________

In & Out Gardens 1574 Skypark Dr. Medford, OR 97501 541-858-3333 _________________________ Ladybug Indoor Gardens 3960 W. Main St. Medford, OR 97501 541-618-4459 Advanced Organics & Garden Supply 290- B Merlin Ave. Merlin, OR 97532 541-659-1466

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Wizard’s Garden, LLC 621 Spruce St., Unit C Myrtle Point, OR 97458 541-572-2333 _________________________ Green Zone Garden Center & Hydroponic Supplies 454 S.W. Coast Hwy. Newport, OR 97365 541-265-8252 _________________________

Gorilla Garden Supply 2011 Union Ave N. Bend, OR 97459 541-756-5005 _________________________ Green Garden Indoor Garden Center 1664 North Main St. N. Canton, OH 44720 330-494-1234 Indoor Garden Depot 3260 SE Oak Grove Blvd. Oak Grove, OR 97267-1421 503-786-2445 All About Hydroponics 633 Claude Rd. Ontario, OR 98914 208-731-9823 Phoenix Organics 4543 S. Pacific Highway Phoenix, OR 97535 541-535-1134 American Agriculture 9220 SE Stark St. Portland, OR 97216 800-433-6805 Bloom Garden Supply 518 N.E. 20th Ave. Portland, OR 97232 971-255-1336 _________________________

BWGS-OR 18201 N.E. Portal Way, Suite 104 Portland, OR 97230 888-316-1306 _________________________ Cascade Horticulture 19959 E. Burnside Portland, OR 97233 503-661-1700 Evergreen Garden Supply 3393 SE 21st Ave. Portland, OR 97055 503-206-5670 Evergreen Garden Supply 8830 N.E. Sandy Blvd. Unit C Portland, OR 97220 503-408-6635 Everybody’s Garden Center 2701 S.E. 14th Ave. Portland, OR 97202 800-669-5483 Garden Spout, The 4532 SE 63rd Ave. Portland, OR 97206 503-788-GROW Indoor Hydroponic Garden & Lights 1409 S.E. 82nd Ave. Portland, OR 97216 503-445-2250 Jantzen Beach Hydroponics 909 N. Tomahawk Island Dr., Suite 103 Portland, OR 97217 503-546-3185 Lights Distributing 9843 S.W. 55th Ave. Portland, OR 97219

Rain or Shine 13126 N.E. Airport Way Portland, OR 97230 503-255-1981 Roots Garden Supply 5426 North Gay Ave. Portland, OR 97217 503-285-4768 Urban Flora 2865 South East Portland, OR 97214 503-236-3344 BIGS Warehouse 2606 S.W. 4th St., Unit B Redmond, OR 97756 541-504-8886 Green Solutions Garden Supply 628 SW Glacier Ave. Redmond, OR 97756 541-504-2604 Indoor Garden Supply 536 S.W. 6th St. (rear alley) Redmond, OR 97756 541-504-7750 DC Hydroponics & Organics 7275 Green Siding Rd. Roseburg, OR 97471 541-679-3700 Roseburg Hydroponics 853 SE Stephens St. Roseburg, OR 97470 541-229-1420 Indoor Garden Center 1697 SE 25th St. Salem, OR 97302 503-566-7888 Northern Light & Garden Salem 1915 Lancester Dr. Salem, OR 97305 503-364-4769 Grow Big Inc. 16572 SE 362nd Dr. Sandy, OR 97055 503-826-8277 Greener Side of Life 623 West Centennial Blvd. Springfield, OR 97477 541-636-3552 Oregon’s Constant Gardener 2053 Laura St. Springfield, OR 97477 541-747-8170 Moonshine Park Farm 135 South East 62nd, Unit F South Beach, OR 97366 541-444-2298 Rogue Farmers 1007 S. Pacific Hwy. Talent, OR 97540 541-512-4600 Samurai Greenhouse Supply 32067 Old Hwy. 34 Tanget, OR 97389 541-928-3431 Grow America Garden Supply LLC 11511 S.W. Pacific Highway Tigard, OR 97223 503-841-6868 Portland Hydroponics & Organics 11564 S.W. Pacific Highway Tigard, OR 97223 503-746-4303 Pharmer Hydroponics 11135 S.W. Industrial Way, Bldg 10-4 Tualatin, OR 97062 503-486-5751 Splatt Hydroponics 23842 NE Halsey St., Suite B Wood Village, OR 97060-1002 503-912-0231

PENNSYLVANIA Pocono Hydroponic Solutions 25 Route 611 Bartonsville, PA 18321 570-730-4544 Green Solutions Hydroponics 1700 Orange St. Berwick, PA 18603 570-752-1530

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

187

MAXIMUM YIELD distributors Garden Indoors of Pennsylvania 208 Route 13 Bristol, PA 19007 800-227-4567 422 GROW 1775 North Main St. Ext. Butler, PA 16001-1327 724-561-3777 ________________________

High Tech Garden Supply 20232 Route 19, Unit 6 Cranberry Twp., PA 16066 724-473-1113 ________________________ Hydrofarm East 270 Canal Rd. Fairless Hills, PA 19030 888-780-4567 Home Hydroponics of Pittsburgh 830 Route 119 Greensburg, PA 15601 724-836-1118 Buds to Blooms Garden and Supply Co., LLC 509 Orchard Ave. Kennett Square, PA 19348 610-388-0100 _________________________

Always Green Garden Supply 4400 Old William Penn Hwy., Suite 106 Monroeville, PA 15146 412-646-1243 New Stanton Hydro 150 Post Ave. New Stanton, PA 15672 724-635-0297 Full Bloom Hydroponics 84 South 24th St. Pittsburgh, PA 15203 888-872-3602 _________________________

Gardening-Indoor 20550 Rt. #19 Cranberry Twp. Pitsburgh, PA 16066 724-591-8086 _________________________ Home Hydroponics of Pittsburgh 2008 Smallman St. Pittsburgh, PA 15222 412-232-7030 Healthy Gardens and Supply 1008 Lincoln Avenue, Prospect Park, PA 19076 866-32-HYDRO Northeast Hydroponics & Homebrewing 221 Scranton Carbondale Hwy. Scranton, PA 18508 570-209-7924 Full Time Garden Supply 1011 Ritner Hwy. Shippensburg, PA 17257 717-477-0350

The Companion Plant 363 E. Main St. Kutztown, PA 19530 610-683-9676 _________________________ The Companion Plant 363 E. Main St. Kutztown, PA 19530 610-683-9676 Flairform PO 1417 Lansdale, PA 19446 215-395-6353 ________________________

Esbenshades Greenhouses 546A E. 28th Div Hwy Lititz, PA 17543 717-626-7007 Hydro Ponics of Harrisburg 310 S. 10th St. Lemoyne, PA 17043 877-684-3808

188

Organically Grown 768 Atwood Ave. Cranston, RI 02920 401-944-0549 GrowRI 184 Admiral Kalbfus Rd. Newport, RI 02840 401-619-0776 Hydro-Earth 1243 Mineral Springs Ave. North Providence, RI 02904 401-305-5520 The Organic Grow Hut 375 Putnam Pike, Suite 13 Smithfield, RI 02828 401-349-4141 _________________________

Good To Grow 51 Old Tower Hill Rd. Wakefield, RI 02879 401-783-1733 _________________________ Grow With Us 709 Warwick Ave. Warwick, RI 02888 401-270-6998 Live to Grow 719 Bald Hill Rd. Warwick, Rl 02886 401-615-5122 Mother Nature Hydroponics 1268 Post Rd. Warwick, RI 02888 401-780-0600 GrowRI 105 Franklin St., Unit # 38 Westerly, RI 02891 401-596-0904 _________________________

Organic Garden Center 1307 Park Ave. Williamsport, PA 17701 570-322-3120 _________________________

Growin’ Crazy 93 Kingston Rd. Wyoming, RI 02898 401-284-0810

SOUTH CAROLINA GreenSpirit Hydrogarden 1864 Meeting St. Charleston, SC 29405 843-225-1GRO Skyes the Limit 455 B Fleming Rd. Charleston, SC 29412 843-566-2121 247 Garden Supply 535 D Clemson Rd. Columbia, SC 29229 803-788-4445 The Urban Garden Hydroponics 9557 Two Notch Rd., Suite E Columbia, SC 29223 803-788-9313 _________________________

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

Texas Hydroponics & Organics (South Austin) 2125-A Goodrich Ave. Austin, TX 78704 512-440-4769

Green Earth Products Inc. 5700 Highway 79 S., Unit 1 Rapid City, SD 57702 605-342-1307 _________________________

Jolly Green Hydroponics (Greenhouse Horticultural Supplies) 13628 Neutron Rd. Dallas, TX 75244 866-WE-JOLLY; 469-341-5555

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TENNESSEE

Atlantis Hydroponics 1800 Rossville Avenue, #3 Chattanooga, TN 37408 423-752-5400 _________________________ Advanced Hydroponic Garden 783 French Mill Rd. Dandridge, TN 37725 800-521-1643 Perpetual Harvest 75 Riverport Dr. Jackson, TN 38301 877-422-3391 Advanced Hydroponic Garden 6912 Clinton Hiwy. Knoxville, TN 37921 866-938-3318

Sun City Hydroponics 2235 Whitten Rd., Suite 104 Memphis, TN 38133 901-372-8100 _________________________

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 126 Belinda Parkway Mt. Juliet, TN 37122 888-265-9005 _______________________ All Seasons Gardening and Brewing Supply Co. 924 8th Ave. S. Nashville, TN 37203 800-790-2188 _________________________

Worm’s Way Tennessee 901 Main St. Nashville, TN 37072 800-397-4153 _________________________

TEXAS Abundant Harvest Hydroponics & Organics 3101 Ave. E. Arlington, TX 76011 817-649-0100

RHODE ISLAND

Solar Seed Hydroponics, Inc. 2406 Putman Pike Chepachet, RI 02814 401-710-9010

SOUTH DAKOTA

Grow Green Garden Shop 3625 Fairmont Blvd. Knoxville, TN 37917 865-249-8259

Good To Grow 34 Nooseneck Hill Rd. W. Greenwich, RI 02817 401-392-3100 _________________________

Oakworld Garden Center 39 West St. Barrington, RI 02806 401-245-5705

Texas Hydroponics & Organics (Central Austin) 5605 Burnet Rd. Austin, TX 78756 512-459-4769

_________________________

Western Pennsylvania Innovative Gardening 1177 Pittsburgh Rd., Suite 103 Valencia, PA 16059 724-903-0800

PA Hydroponics & Home Gardening Supply 20 Quaker Church Rd. York Springs, PA 17372 717-528-4175

Green Thumb Unique Gardening & More 1230 Rutherford Rd. Greenville, SC 29609 864-271-8830

Innovative Hydroponic Supply Inc. 3286 North Park Blvd., Unit G Alcoa, TN 37701 865-984-0280

Home Hydroponics of Pittsburgh 9 N. Main St. Washington, PA 15301 724-222-0200

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 450 Grim Lane York, PA 17406 877-779-7111 (Northeast) _________________________ RH Distribution PO 1417, Lansdale, PA 19446 888-545-8112 _________________________

Retail Stores listed alphabetically by city in each state.

All Seasons Indoor & Outdoor Supplies 1350 Hwy. 501 Business, Store 3&4 Conway, SC 29526 843-347-9266 _________________________

Brite Ideas Hydroponics & Organics 4201 South Congress Ave., Suite 310 Austin, TX 78745 512-444-2100

Lone Star Hydroponics & Organics 1302 Motor Circle Dallas, TX 75207 214-634-9376 Texas Hydroponics & Organics (Deep Ellum) 2715 Main St. Dallas, TX 75226 214-745-4769 Texas Hydroponics & Organics (Dallas) 2606 Manana Dr. Dallas, TX 75220 214-744-4769

Texas Hydroponics & Organics (San Antonio) 3412 Copeland San Antonio, TX 78219 210-226-4769 Texas Hydroponics & Organics (San Antonio West) 6729 Bandera Rd. San Antonio, TX 78238 210-684-4769 Innergrow Hydroponics 24451 Interstate Hwy. 20 Wills Point, TX 75169 866-475-4769

UTAH Wasatch Hydroponics 4050 South Howick, Suite 11E Salt Lake City, UT 84107 801-716-4133

VERMONT Greenthumb - Vermont 394 Route 15 Jericho, VT 05465 802-899-4323 _________________________

Third Coast Horticulture Supplies 2715 Main St. Dallas, TX 75226 512-459-4353 Earth Organics 1360 Lee Trevino Dr., Suite 105 El Paso, TX 79936 915-591-9500 Texas Hydroponics & Organics (Ft. Worth) 2501 Airport Frwy. Ft. Worth, TX 76111 817-834-4769 Hydrofarm Central 950 Ave. S. Grand Prairie, TX 75050-1133 800-634-9999 Botani Garden 15120 Bellaire Blvd. Houston, TX 77083 281-575-1999 Houston Discount Hydroponics 9380 Richmond Ave. Houston, TX 77063 713-464-9406 HydroShack 1138 W. 20th St. Houston, TX 77008 713-292-1921 Hydroponic Nation 9001 Frey Rd. Houston, TX 77034 713-943-1115 Progressive Garden 3582 W T.C. Jester Blvd. Houston, TX 77018 713-681-7764 Texas Hydroponics & Organics (Houston) 2420 Rusk St,. Houston, TX 77003 713-641-4769 Ultimate Hydroponic Garden Supply 6125 W. Sam Houston Pkwy. N. #206 Houston, TX 77041 713-856-8425 Texas Growers Supply 5990 N. Sam Houston Pkwy. E. #602 Humble, TX 77396 281-441-3739 Hydro Mart 3841 Main St. Rowlett, TX 75088 972-475-6114 Brite Ideas Hydroponics & Organics 5121 Crest Way Dr., Suite 203 San Antonio, TX 78239 210-248-9309

How’s It Growing 193 Route 15 West Johnson, VT 05656 802-635-9931 avespo@myfairpoint.com _________________________ Peak Hydroponic Garden Supplies 20 School St. Plainfield, VT 05667 802-454-8000 LiquidSun® VT 1 Bellows Falls Rd. (Route 5 North) Putney, VT 05158 802-387-1100 Green Thumb Gardening P.O. Box 235, Route 15 Underhill, VT 5489 800-564-9376

VIRGINIA Fifth Season Gardening Co. 900 Preston Ave. Charlottesville, VA 22903 434-293-2332 Clean & Green Technologies 196 Corning Dr. Christiansburg, VA 24073 866-694-1628 Maryland Hydroponics 1061 West Broad St. Falls Church, VA 866-324-9376 Lucky Roots 612 North Sheppard St. Richmond, VA 23221 804-377-3020 Blue Ridge Hydroponics & Home Brewing Company 5327 D Williamson Rd. Roanoke, VA 24012 540-265-2483 Inside-Out Garden Supply 6517 Backlick Rd. Springfield, VA 22150 703-451-3259 I Love Hydroponics 368 Newtown Rd. #105 Virginia Beach, VA 23462 757-490-5425 Hydroponics & Growlights 13400 Occoquan Rd. Woodbridge, VA 22191 703-490-0700

West VIRGINIA

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Panhandle Hydroculture 800 East Moler Ave. Martinsburg, WV 25401 304-240-7587 Mountaineer Gardening and Hydroponics 258 Kingwood St. Morgantown, WV 26505 304-290-2460 Almost Heaven Hydroponics 3476 University Ave. Morgantown, WV 26505 304-598-5911

WASHINGTON AJ’s Indoor Gardening 1317 Summit St. Aberdeen, WA 98520 360-533-1170 _________________________

Island Horticulture Supply 8608 S March Point Rd. Anacortes, WA 98221 360-293-0000 _________________________ Mike’s Indoor Garden Supply 6121 172nd St. N.E. #A Arlington, WA 98223 360-474-1900 _________________________

Pro Grow Horticulture Supplies 3411 169th Pl. N.E. Suite C Arlington, WA 98223 360-925-6358 _________________________ Belfair Garden & Lighting 24090 N.E. State Route 3 #F Belfair, WA 98528 360-275-2130 Green Gardens Distributing 12738 Bel-Red Rd. Bellevue, WA 98005 425-454-5731 In Bloom 2119 Lincoln St. Bellingham, WA 98225 360-778-1668 Northern Lights Gardening 4159 Hannegan Rd. Bellingham, WA 98225 360-715-8585 _________________________

North West Hydro Supply 5659 Guide Meridian St. Bellingham, WA 98226 360-778-3254 _________________________ Liquid Sunshine Hydroponics 5087 Lincoln Rd. Blaine, WA 98230

Island Horticulture Supply 1500 Port Dr. Burlington, WA 98233 360-707-5999 _________________________

Indoor Tropics 5930 Sunburst Lane #B Cashmere, WA 98815 509-470-7782 _________________________

Indoor Gardening 111 W. Main Centralia, WA 98531 360-807-4259 _________________________ Grow Center, The 615 South Fir DeerPark, WA 99006 509-276-GROW

Grogro Hydro 12403 N.E. 124th St. Kirkland, WA 98034 888-7-GROGRO; 425-820-6200 Hefty Harvest Garden & Hydroponic Supply 2825 Marvin Rd. N.E., Suite M Lacey, WA 98516 360-628-8964 _________________________

Healthy Grow Indoor Garden Supplies 10 S.E. Everett Mall Way, Suite B Everett, WA 98208 425-374-2227 Indoor Garden Depot 8630 Evergreen Way, Suite B Everett, WA 98208 425-347-0700 Indoor Garden Depot 1401 S. 324th St. federal Way, WA 98003 253-874-1112 Fife Indoor Garden Center 1422 54th Ave. E. Fife, WA 98424 253-922-5352 Good 2 Gro 3507 W. Clearwater Ave. Kennewick, WA 99336 509-737-1313 _________________________

Kitsap Garden & Lighting 2130 6th St. Bremerton, WA 98312 360-377-1277

Indoor Garden & Lighting 714 South Central Ave. Kent, WA 98032 253-373-9060 _________________________

M & R Lighting Unit C 22914 Hwy 410 Buckley, WA 98390 360-707-5999

Kent Garden Supplies Ltd. 18817 East Valley Hwy. Kent, WA 98032 425-251-9299

Purple Spring Horticulture Supply 711 Nesses Corner Rd. Pt. Hadlock, WA 98339-9411 360-344-2500 Renton Indoor Garden Center 329 Wells Ave. S. Renton, WA 98057 425-917-9000

KP Indoor Garden Store 8912 Key Peninsula Hwy. N. Lakebay, WA 98349 253-884-SURE (7873) ________________________

Indoor Gardening 1158 Commerce Longview, WA 98632 360-353-3851 ________________________

Cascadia Garden Supply 188 A St. Eastsound, WA 98245 360-376-6040 _________________________

Indoor Tropics 801 N. Prospect Ellensburg, WA 98926 509-933-4441 _________________________

Linda’s Gardening & Hydroponics 11522 Canyon Rd. E. Puyallup, WA 98373 253-531-9641

Indoor Garden & Lighting 20505 Highway 99 Lynnwood, WA 98036 425-673-2755 _________________________ Go-N-Green Hydroponics 1241 State Ave., Suite #102 Marysville, WA 98270 360-386-8230 Green Acres Indoor Garden & Lighting 514 State Ave, Suite #102 Marysville, WA 98270 360-658-GROW (4769) Island Hydroponic & Supplies 1515 5th St. #B Marysville, WA 98271 425-299-5855 Mike’s Indoor Garden Supply 1204 East Wheeler Rd. Moses Lake, WA 98837 509-766-5856 M & R Lighting 17238 Memorial Dr. Mt. Vernon, WA 98273 360-848-1080 Northern Lights Gardening 1524 Riverside Dr, #2 Mt. Vernon, WA 98273 360-982-2217 ________________________

Indoor Garden & Lighting 8606 Preston Fall City Rd. S.E. Preston, WA 98050 425-222-9661 ________________________

Eco Enterprises 1240 N.E. 175th St. #B Shoreline, WA 98155 800-426-6937 ________________________

Rootz Indoor Garden Supply 923 E. Hoffman Spokane, WA 99207 509-443-5999 _______________________

Spokane Organic & Hydroponic Supply 4823 East Sprague Avenue E. Spokane Valley, WA 99212 509-534-4055 ________________________ Spokane Organic & Hydroponic Supply 8701 North Division, Suite D Spokane Valley, WA 509-468-4800 Garden City Hydroponics 14103 Pacific Ave. S. Tacoma, WA 98444 253-301-3985 _______________________

Aqua Serene 3839 Stone Way N. Seattle, WA 98103 206-547-GROW (4769) ________________________ Grogro Hydro 12316 32nd AVE N.E. #103 Seattle, WA 98125 Hydro-Tech 2121 Aurora Ave. N. Seattle, WA 98103 206-547-2202 ________________________

Seattle’s Hydro Spot 917 N.W. 49th St. Seattle, WA 98107 206-784-2161 _________________________

Sodo Hydro 1727 1st Ave. S. Seattle, WA 98134 206-682-9377; 888-90-HYDRO (904-760) _____________________ Northwest Horticulture Supply 161 Hooker Rd. #1 Sequim, WA 98057 360-582-0702 SnoGro Indoor Gardening Supply 502 Maple Ave. Snohomish, WA 98290 360-863-6935

WISCONSIN _________________________

Aric’s Indoor Garden Supply 1104 West Wisconsin Ave. Appleton, WI 54914 920-574-3258 _________________________ Grow BIG Hydroponics 954 S. Westland Appleton, WI 54914 920-749-4769 H2oGrow 1150 Madison Rd. Beloit, WI 53511 608-289-1852 Brew and Grow 285 N. Janacek Rd. Brookfield, WI 53045 262-789-0555 Sustainable Growth LLC 218 N. Dewey St. Eau Claire, WI 54703 715-901-0511

Indoor Garden & Lighting 3839 6th Ave. Tacoma, WA 98406 253-761-7478 ________________________

Garden Supply Guys 752 Memorial Dr., Suite A Green Bay, WI 54303 920-857-9493 Hydro Your Own 8501-75th St. Unit C Kenosha, WI 53142 262 697 6112

Waterworks Hydroponics 5039 S. Washington Tacoma, WA 98409 • 253301-4343 waterworkshydro@hotmail.com ________________________

Brew and Grow 3317 Agriculture Dr. Madison, WI 53716 608-226-8910 _________________________

Solar Shop 306 West 4th St. Tonasket, WA 98855 509-486-4508 Indoor Garden Depot 6400 N.E. Highway 99, Suite H Vancouver, WA 98665 360-993-7779 ________________________

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 4525 N.W. Fruit Valley Rd. Vancouver, WA 98660 888-478-6544 (Northwest) _ ________________________

509 Grow 2718 N. Division Spokane, WA 99207 509-327-GROW (4769)

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 5408 N.E. 88th St. Building A Vancouver, WA 98665 888-478-6544 _________________________

Grow Center, The 2808 W. Sprague Spokane, WA 99202 509-456-GROW

Indoor Garden Supply LLC 1250 Atlantic Ave. Woodland, WA 98674 360-841-8055

River City Hydroponics 1514 East Francis Ave. Spokane, WA 99208 509-464-0246

Artificial Sun Hydroponics 3506 Summitview Ave. Yakima, WA 98902 509-823-4026

Paradigm Gardens 4501 Helgesen Dr. Madison, WI 53718 608-241-3800 _________________________ Spread Eagle Garden Center 4413 N. Lake Rd. S. Florence, WI 54121 715-696-3910 Brew and Grow 2246 Bluemound Rd., Suite B Waukesha, WI 53186 262-717-0666

PUERTO RICO _________________________

Tecno-Hydro Ave Campo Rico GJ17, PO Box 1450 Carolina, PR 00982 787-752-8252 _________________

Maximum Yield USA | October 2013

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Shamrocks Those small-leafed shamrocks are great plants to own and can live for many years. They are easy to grow, make an excellent addition to any plant collection and are easily gifted to others. Shamrocks can even be sold for a handsome profit. Best of all, they are easy enough for any level of gardener to propagate.

Grow Media Part II Dr. Mike Nichols returns with “Growing Media: Part II.” Now that you’ve decided on the best medium for your purposes, you’ll want to select the right substrate particle size, which is what governs the medium’s ability to retain or release moisture.

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