Maximum Yield USA February 2014 by Maximum Yield

CONTENTS February 2014

FEATURES

50 The Best Light for the Job by Casey Jones Fraser

144 150 154 136 Adding Animals to a Home Food System

150 Controlling the Nasty

Nematodes in Your Garden

by Chris Bond

60 Bringing in a Bumper Crop: CO2 in the Garden by Stepen Keen

144 The Sweet Herb of Paraguay: Growing Stevia at Home

by Russell Landry

154 Germinating Seeds and Caring for Seedlings

by Harley Smith

by Kyle L. Ladenburger

70 Are You Growing Puny Plants? by Bill DeBoer

78 Natural Weed Control by Karen Wilkinson

86 Algae: Friend or Foe? by Dr. Lynette Morgan

98 Analyzing Nutrient Film Technique by Eric Hopper

110 Basics of Plant

Diseases: Part One

by Dr. Robert G. Linderman

120 Understanding Microbial Activity in Plant Rooting Media by Dr. J. Benton Jones, Jr.

130 Biosecurity Basics: A Bit Beyond Sanitation by Donald Lester

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

DEPARTMENTS 12

From the Editor

142

Green Thumb Gardening

MaximumYield.com

148

Growers Know

Letters to the Editor

160

10 Facts On...

Ask the Experts

162

Movers and Shakers

Max Facts

164

Talking Shop

Product Spotlight

170

Do You Know

Trends and Technology

168

Max Mart

108

Tips and Tricks

172

Distributors

128

Avant Gardening

186

Coming Up

FROM THE EDITOR | Linda Jesson February is a good time to give your garden that extra little bit of tender loving care it deserves. This issue covers topics ranging from germinating seeds and biosecurity best practices to adding animals to your garden and choosing the best light for your growing needs. Dr. Lynette Morgan has the rundown on the effects of algae on your hydroponic system, Eric Hopper explains the nutrient film technique method of hydroponic growing and when to use it and Dr. Robert G. Linderman walks growers through the process of determining what type of from the plant disease problems they are dealing with in their gardens. We round things out with articles on CO2 in the garden, growing stevia hydropically and Linda Jesson understanding microbial activity in plant rooting media. But we don't stop there! Be sure to check out our extended Max Facts section giving growers the latest news, tips and trivia from the growing world, a section spotlighting the latest products and technology to hit the industry and profiles of a couple of businesses shaking things up in the industry. We are looking forward to the first stop on the 2014 Coast to Coast Grow Like a Pro Indoor Gardening Expo Tour in Tacoma, Washington. From April 5 to 6, exhibitors from around the world will be showcasing the latest products and technologies for excited West Coast gardeners at the Greater Tacoma Convention and Trade Center. Visit indoorgardeningexpo.com for more information, including an interactive floor plan for the event.

Message Editor

VOLUME 14 – NUMBER 11 February 2014 Maximum Yield is published monthly by Maximum Yield Publications Inc. 2339A Delinea Place, Nanaimo, BC V9T 5L9 Phone: 250.729.2677; Fax 250.729.2687 No part of this magazine may be reproduced without permission from the publisher. If undeliverable please return to the address above. The views expressed by columnists are a personal opinion and do not necessarily reflect those of Maximum Yield or the editor.

Publication Agreement Number 40739092 Printed In Canada PRESIDENT/PUBLISHER - Jim Jesson GENERAL MANAGER - Don Moores BUSINESS MANAGER - Linda Jesson editorial editor@maximumyield.com Editor-in-chief Linda Jesson Assistant Editor Julie McManus Assistant Editor Jennifer McGarrigle ADVERTISING SALES Sales Manager Ilona Hawser - ilona@maximumyield.com Account Executives Kelsey Hepples - kelsey@maximumyield.com Katie Montague - katie@maximumyield.com Jed Walker - jed@maximumyield.com DESIGN & PRODUCTION ads@maximumyield.com Art Director Alice Joe Graphic Designers Jennifer Everts Dionne Hurd Jesslyn Gosling ACCOUNTING Tracy Greeno - accounting@maximumyield.com Katie LaFrance - ar@maximumyield.com

USA DISTRIBUTION Aurora Innovations • BWGS • Florida Hydroponics General Hydroponics • Humbolt Wholesale Hydrofarm • National Garden Wholesale/Sunlight Supply Nickel City Wholesale Garden Supply • Tradewinds CANADIAN DISTRIBUTION Brite-Lite Group • Biofloral • Eddis Wholesale Greenstar Plant Products Inc. MegaWatt • Quality Wholesale UK DISTRIBUTION Direct Garden Supplies Nutriculture UK • Dutch Pro AUSTRALIAN DISTRIBUTION Dome Garden Supply • House N Garden Futchatec • Growth Technology • Growlush Australia

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

contributors Bill DeBoer is a laboratory scientist at Indiana-based steadyGROWpro. A master gardener intern, Bill is responsible for the company’s laboratory operations, including the design and execution of research projects, plant propagation, seed germination and overall plant care. Bill has a BS and MS from Purdue University, and was previously a research technician for the US Department of Agriculture.

Stephen Keen has been an indoor gardening hobbyist for more than 10 years. His personal successes with his garden led him to want to bring new ideas, mainly water-cooling, to the mainstream, which led to the founding of Hydro Innovations.

Chris Bond is the horticulturist at Case

Kyle L. Ladenburger is a passionate indoor and outdoor gardener. He is also a freelance garden writer. With nearly 10 years experience in the industry working for Age Old Organics, he is well versed in numerous growing methods with a focus on soil health.

Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. His primary role is coordinator of the university’s Farm Food Program. His research interests are beneficial insects, biological pest control and alternative growing methods. He is a certified permaculture designer and nursery technician in Ohio and a certified nursery professional in New York. Casey Jones Fraser owns Garden Grove Organics in northern Kentucky/ Greater Cincinnati. He has a degree in communications and electronic media. He believes that indoor gardeners can achieve the highest-quality crops and maximum yields when proper science is applied. Since 1998, Casey has been testing various nutrients and supplements in search of outstanding harvests. Eric Hopper has more than 10 years of experience in the hydroponic industry as both a retail store manager and owner. He continuously seeks new methods and products that could help maximize garden performance. Eric resides in Michigan where he and his family strive for a self-sufficient and sustainable lifestyle.

Russell Landry is the former vice

president of the Great Pumpkin Commonwealth and its competitive weigh-off sites held worldwide. He is now the current president of the Giant Vegetable Growers of Ontario (gvgo.ca). Russ grows giant pumpkins, tomatoes and squash. He has written numerous articles featuring methods to increase vegetable size and fruit yield. Donald Lester is the product manager at JH Biotech, a commercial fertilizer manufacturer with 28 OMRI-certified organic products. Donald has a master’s degree in agronomy with more than 10 years of agricultural research experience and 50 scientific publications to his credit. He is also director of SaferGro Laboratories, a home and garden products company located in Ventura, California.

Dr. Robert Linderman is a retired

research plant pathologist and former research leader at the USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory in Corvallis, Oregon. He is also a courtesy Professor Emeritus at Oregon State University. He’s been in the industry for nearly 50 years and is currently the science guy for two companies: Plant Health, LLC and Santiam Organics, LLC. Dr. Lynette Morgan holds a B. Hort. Tech. degree and a PhD in hydroponic greenhouse production from Massey University, New Zealand. Lynette is a partner with SUNTEC International Hydroponic Consultants and has authored five hydroponic technical books. Visit suntec.co.nz for more information.

Harley Smith is the director of research for Oregon Global Distribution. A veteran in the hydroponics industry, Harley has more than 18 years of consulting and educating experience. He is regarded as an expert on plant nutrition and organic bio-stimulants, performing research and new product development in the US and Europe. Karen Wilkinson is a budding gardener with previous experience working in the hydroponics industry. Her background includes daily reporting, technical writing, marketing and promotions. After spending years living along California’s northern coast, she made her way to Sacramento where she currently lives and breathes the yoga lifestyle.

Dr. J. Benton Jones, Jr. has 50

years of experience growing plants hydroponically. He is an Emeritus Professor at the University of Georgia, Athens, and has authored eight books and written articles for magazines that deal with hydroponic issues. He currently has his own consulting company, Grosystems, Inc. Dr. Jones lives in Anderson, South Carolina.

Become a Maximum Yield contributor and have your articles read by 250,000 readers throughout the US, Canada, UK, Europe, New Zealand and Australia. Maximum Yield is the largest free-to-consumer indoor gardening magazine in the world. Every issue is available on maximumyield.com, which has thousands of unique visitors monthly.

COMING UP ON THE WEB Tacoma Expo Ready to Roll

Your Opinion Counts

The 2014 Expo Tour kicks off in Tacoma, Washington, April 5 (industry only) and April 6 (general public welcome) at the Greater Tacoma Convention and Trade Center. Don’t miss the first opportunity to see the latest gear for 2014. For more information, special hotel rates and your VIP ticket go to indoorgardenexpo.com. See you in Tacoma!

For more than 16 years, Maximum Yield has brought indoor gardening enthusiasts the latest products and technologies to reach their maximum yield. With the help of reader and advertiser feedback, we continue to provide the No. 1 indoor gardening magazine. We invite you to participate in our Reader Satisfaction Survey to share your opinion and earn a chance to win one of three $200 prizes to spend at your favorite garden store. Visit maximumyield.com to fill out the survey.

10th Annual International Trade Directory Now Available Maximum Yield’s highly anticipated annual trade directory is now available. This year’s edition is the biggest ever with the most comprehensive listing of manufacturers, distributors and retail shops from around the world. Ask for one at your favorite retail shop, check it out online at maximumyield.com or pick one up at an upcoming expo. 14

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

Free Digital Subscription Receive Maximum Yield in your inbox every month. Simply subscribe to the digital edition of Maximum Yield by filling out the form at maximumyield.com/subscriptions

Connect with US

to Help You Grow Join us on Facebook and Twitter and share some of the latest grow tips and information with our online community.

maximumyield.com indoorgardenexpo.com facebook.com/maximumyield twitter.com/max_yield

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR February’s I’m a Fan Winner Announced

Matchmaking at an Indoor Gardening Expo

Darcie and her daughter Anna, from Armstrong, British Columbia, are February’s winners of Maximum Yield’s I’m a fan contest. Darcie says, “I started gardening because my three-yearold daughter wanted to grow food and she was so dedicated to her garden all summer. She was heartbroken that the garden would be done after the Anna fall harvest so we picked up your magazine at our plant shop and now she is growing tomatoes, lettuce, peppers, strawberries, dragon fruit, lemon trees and orange trees in our basement. Thank you for all of the wonderful information; it has helped keep Anna’s hobby going year-round.”

Understanding Ozone Generators

Editor’s Note: Thank you for the great response, Darcie, and congratulations on winning Maximum Yield’s I’m a Fan contest. We hope you and Anna enjoy your $100 gift certificate at your favorite indoor gardening shop, TLC Hydroponics and Garden Supply.

I’m a Fan Grand Prize Winner Announced Congratulations to our 2013 Maximum Yield I’m a Fan Grand Prize Winner. Steven R. Van Vranken has received a grand prize of $1,000 to be spent at his favorite indoor gardening shop, Indoor Garden Depot in Vancouver, Washington. Steven says, “I have post-traumatic stress disorder, so I don’t get out much, but when I do I find my way to the Steven grow store and when there’s a new magazine available, it makes my day. I can’t believe it’s free. Thank you.”

Six years ago, I went to a Maximum Yield indoor gardening show in Orlando, Florida, and I saw this guy I had previously met on a business trip two years before at Simply Hydroponics and Organics. We talked all night and had a great time together. We were both instantly hooked as soon as we saw each other. I didn’t give him my number that weekend because I thought the distance was too much—he lived in Largo, Florida, and I lived four hours away in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, but that Sunday night I couldn’t stop thinking about him. He called me at work on Monday morning and I melted hearing his voice over the phone. I love you more than words can describe, Shawn Patrick Gorman! Funny the twists and turns life takes—never could I have imagined that “that guy” would later be the father of our children and the love of my life. I am very, very happy that I decided to go to that show. I have never been happier, I am blessed for having him in my life. Paulette G., via Facebook

Great article on ozone generators (“Ozone: A Growroom Super Tool,” January 2014). I have seen them advertised in the magazine before and thought they would be a good thing to have, I just didn’t really know exactly what they did or how they worked. Matty B., via Facebook

Readers Weigh In In response to Maximum Yield’s Reader Poll on New Year’s resolutions, Barry G. said, “Hello to everyone there at my favorite industry knowledgeable magazine. My New Year’s resolution for my growroom is to continue to learn more and more about new products and services to help me get better results from each grow I experiment with. I love trying new things and new ideas, so I can’t make a specific resolution. I have too much fun experimenting to settle for one method of growing.” Barry G., via email

Customer Appreciation @Max_Yield We love your magazine and so do our customers. Great articles, exciting news. A big thank you to Sarah in advertising, you rock. @growgreenknox, via Twitter

Editor’s Note: Thank you for sharing your thoughts with us, Steven. We’re happy to have you as a fan. We hope you enjoy the new growing system you plan to obtain this year.

Easily Understood I really enjoyed the informative article by Grubbycup on photosynthesis (“Photosynthesis, Photoperiodism and Prolonging the Season,” December 2013). Grubbycup explains the process in terms the non-botanist can easily understand, without talking down to us. Deb D., via email

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

We want to hear from you! Maximum Yield Publications Inc. Snail-mail: 2339 Delinea Place, Nanaimo, BC V9T 5L9 Email: editor@maximumyield.com Twitter: twitter.com/max_yield Facebook: facebook.com/MaximumYield

ASK The Experts

Dear Maximum Yield,

I just purchased my first condo and I am considering starting an indoor garden in the small spare room. I want to grow three tomato plants. What kind of equipment and space requirements do you think I need for this purpose? Thank you! - Jessie

Dear Jessie, It’s a good idea to start small with your first indoor garden and gradually increase in size as you gain experience. Three tomato plants would be a good place to start. With the correct level of lighting, three indeterminate tomato plants require around 15 to16 sq. ft., which gives sufficient space for you to access the plants and allows for good air flow up and under the foliage that is required for temperature control, good plant growth and disease prevention. There are two factors to consider when planning an indoor garden: the environment and the hydroponic system. The environment in the room needs to be modified for plant growth—air must be vented in and out of the indoor garden on a frequent basis to remove humidity (plants release a lot of water vapor) and to supply fresh CO2 for photosynthesis. Tomato plants have a high light requirement, particularly if you want fruit with good sugar levels, and one of the biggest mistakes made by first-time indoor gardeners is underestimating lighting or overcrowding their plants so that insufficient light is received for optimal yields. Use HID lighting; two 250-W HPS lamps with timers on an 18- hour day length would be sufficient. Take care that heat output from the lamps doesn’t overheat the room or burn the plants. Hydroponic systems for tomatoes are diverse. It is best to choose one that is recirculating and self-contained to avoid leaks. A waterproof floor surface is also advisable. There are many small set-ups on the market that would be suitable for three tomato plants. Tomatoes develop a large root system, so choose a system that has a good-sized rooting volume designed for fruiting plants rather than smaller crops such as lettuce or herbs. You will also need a supply of hydroponic nutrients and monitoring equipment (EC or TDS and pH meter). Finally, the room needs temperature control. Tomatoes grow best at 75 to 82°F by day and 69 to 73°F by night (the day/night temperature difference is essential for strong flowering and fruiting) so heating and cooling in the room must be able to provide this. Hydroponic retailers and suppliers will be able to provide you with a wealth of equipment options and advice on setting up your first system, so check out all the options before deciding which best suits your indoor space. Good luck!

Lynette Morgan Dr. Lynette Morgan holds a B. Hort. Tech. degree and a PhD in hydroponic greenhouse production from Massey University, New Zealand. A partner with SUNTEC International Hydroponic Consultants, Lynette is involved in remote and on-site consultancy services for new and existing commercial greenhouse growers worldwide as well as research trials and product development for manufacturers of hydroponic products. Lynette authors five hydroponic technical books. Visit www.suntec.co.nz/consultants.htm and www.suntec.co.nz/books.htm for more information.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

MAX FACTS

growing tips, news and trivia

Gardening on the Moon Eventually, human exploration of the moon will require plant growth systems for life support. And, since germination is the first step in plant growth, NASA is constructing a small-technology demonstration unit to study germination of plants in lunar gravity and radiation on the moon. NASA plans to develop a simple, sealed-growth chamber that can support germination over a five- to 10-day period in a spacecraft on the moon. The goal is that filter paper with dissolved nutrients inside the container could support 100 seeds of Arabidopsis (small flowering plants related to cabbage and mustard) and 10 seeds each of basil and turnips. The self-contained habitat will weigh about 2.2 lbs. and could be a payload on any NASA or commercial lunar lander. After landing in late 2015, water will be added to the seeds in the module, and their growth will be compared to Earth-based controls. Natural sunlight on the moon would be used as the source of illumination. This will be the first life sciences experiment on another world. (Source: nasa.gov)

MAXFACTS Growing tips, news and trivia Oregon Hazelnut Groves Expand Oregon farmers continue to add to the state’s groves of hazelnuts as optimism remains that there is room for more expansion. The state dominates production in the United States, but is a small player worldwide. Oregon produces 99% of the US crop, with about 650 growers operating on about 30,000 acres. Anecdotal evidence suggests a growth rate of about 3,000 acres a year, the Capital Press reported. Once threatened by eastern filbert blight, which arrived in the 1970s, the industry has been on the rise since a breeding program at Oregon State University began producing fungus-resistant varieties. Statistics from Oregon’s 2013 harvest aren’t yet available, but in 2012, growers pulled in 34,700 tons of nuts. The crop was valued at $63.4 million, 16th among Oregon commodities. About half the crop is exported, with China the biggest buyer. (Source: sfgate.com)

Cinderella’s Carriage Pumpkin The 2014 All-America Selections Regional Vegetable Award Winner, Cinderella’s Carriage, is the first hybrid Cinderella-type pumpkin that combines high yields with powdery mildew resistance. It performed especially well in the Southeast, Great Lakes and Mountain/Southwest regions of the United States. Robust, vigorous vines set five to seven large fruits ranging from 25 to 35 lbs. The sweet yellow flesh has a nutty flavor, making this pumpkin also well-suited for baking. Fruits mature in 100 days from direct seeding. The large vines require at least 3 ft. of growing area. Plants require only moderate watering, so take care not overwater. Pumpkin flowers require pollination to set fruit, so be sure to plant a few flowers in your vegetable garden to attract pollinators. All-America Selections are new garden seed varieties selected for their superior garden performance as judged in impartial trials across North America. (Source: all-americaselections.org)

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

MAX FACTS

growing tips, news and trivia

Florida Strawberry Growers Predict Good Season Despite weather and disease problems that hampered production at the start of the 2013-14 strawberry season, Florida growers still anticipate a good year. “All we need now is a little more normal weather,” says Ted Campbell, executive director of the Florida Strawberry Growers Association in Dover. “We're still optimistic for a good season.” Florida provides most of the nation's domestically grown strawberries during the winter months from more than 10,000 acres of fields throughout Plant City. The Florida strawberry season typically begins about Thanksgiving and goes into March. One reason for optimism is that Florida strawberry growers are seeing less competition in its prime eastern United States markets from imported Mexican strawberries, say Ted and Gary Wishnatzki of Wish Farms in Plant City, one of the state's largest grower and packinghouse operations. (Source: theledger.com)

Bird’s Skull Found in Frozen Spinach A bird skull in spinach is the last thing anyone expects to find in produce. But one Florida woman found a bird's skull in some frozen spinach at a supermarket store in Sarasota on New Year's Day. She didn't get the bird flu, as some quipped. Instead, for the shocking discovery, management offered her a full refund, some $1.79, according to a MySunCoast news post. (Source: examiner.com)

Goji Berries: The New Anti-flu Superfood? New research, led by scientists at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, suggests goji berries may help reduce the risk of getting the flu. The wolfberry may increase the activity of dendritic cells, which play an important role in the ability of the immune system to defend against viral infections. The results were published online by the Journal of Nutrition. In the study, older mice, with immune systems weakened by age, were placed on diets that included a small amount of a milk preparation of wolfberry fruit, also known as goji berries. Over a period of several weeks, they received two flu vaccines before being infected with the flu virus and monitored for signs of symptoms. The researchers then tested for specific influenza antibodies as well as the clinical symptoms of the disease such as weight loss among the mice and observed higher antibody response and better protection against the flu. (Source: scienceblog.com)

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

MAX FACTS

growing tips, news and trivia

Aeroponic Potato Production A project at Cornell University could aid farmers by boosting production in a more efficient, sustainable way. For the past three years, Keith Perry, associate professor of plant pathology and plant-microbe biology, has been working with farm manager Chris Nobles on a novel aeroponics system that shows great promise for enhancing potato propagation in New York. Potato plants grow with their tuber-producing stems suspended in a dark, enclosed chamber and are misted regularly with a nutrient solution that is recycled. The system is producing dozens of mini tubers in 70 to 90 days and the final yield is 10 times that of potted plants. It also ramps up production of new potato varieties in the first year and gets them planted in the field quicker. (Source: cornell.edu)

Florida Citrus Shipments Down You wouldn’t expect optimism in numbers that show a decline in Florida’s fresh citrus shipments, but a spurt of improvement in December has the Florida citrus industry looking up. Statistics from the Lakeland-based Florida Citrus Administrative Committee show that through early December, shipments were down by almost a third on grapefruit and tangerines and by 36% on navels, compared to the same time last season. But by mid-December the grapefruit and navel numbers improved to -23% and -31%. Not good, certainly, but on the upswing. Several factors could influence the steep declines, including a later-than-normal season start, smaller sizes, increased fruit drop and continuing losses from citrus greening. (Source: sunshinestatenews.com)

Bitter Melon Extract Fights Cancer Extract taken from an Asian vegetable may have therapeutic qualities to treat head and neck cancer, a Saint Louis University researcher has found. Preliminary findings of the research were published in the Public Library of Science One journal by Ratna Ray, associate professor of pathology at Saint Louis University. Ratna found that bitter melon extract, a vegetable commonly used in Indian and Chinese diets, reduces the head and neck cancer cell growth in animals. In a controlled lab setting, Ratna found the bitter melon extract regulated several pathways that helped reduce the head and neck cancer cell growth in the animal model. After a period of four weeks, he found that the growth and volume of the tumor had reduced. “It’s difficult to measure the exact impact of bitter melon extract treatment on the cell growth, but a combination of things—existing drug therapy along with bitter melon—may help the efficacy of the overall cancer treatment,” says Ratna. (Source: medicalexpress.com) 24

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

MAX FACTS

growing tips, news and trivia

Grow or Defend? How Plants Decide Scientists have discovered how plants use steroid hormones to choose growth over defense when their survival depends on it. The findings could be used to engineer crops that combine size with pathogen resistance. A major dilemma faced by plants is whether to invest their energy in growth or defending against pathogens, say researchers. A key protein, BZR1, is responsible for rapidly tipping the balance in favor of growth and ignoring pathogen attack when it is a matter of life and death. This is the case when a seed germinates in the soil, for example. The key protein identified controls the activity of genes related to immunity and is involved in growth mediated by steroid hormones called brassinosteroids. The current study shows that reducing brassinosteroid levels can have an added benefit of making crops better able to resist disease. (Source: sciencedaily.com)

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; February 2014

Georgia Pecan Growers Set Sights on India Georgia pecan growers have had great success exporting their nut to far-off places including China, Turkey and Dubai. But the next big market the industry is trying to crack is proving difficult. India could be as big a market as China, they say, but the high tariff it imposes on pecans threatens to stifle sales. The industry has enlisted the help of officials in Washington to press its case. With its large population and rising middle class, India offers the prospect of a large new market for pecan growers. That is important because the pecan industry relies heavily on exportsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;about one-third of total US production is bought by China alone. Georgia growers have been planting thousands of pecan trees in recent years, anticipating a growth in exports. (Source: ajc.com)

MAX FACTS

growing tips, news and trivia

Growing Hydroponic Strawberries in the Desert Growing up in Tokyo, Chieri Kubota savored fresh strawberries brimming with flavor in the winter. Only when she went to college and studied agriculture did she learn that fresh strawberries in winter are “an unusual cycle against nature,” she says. Today Chieri is trying to perfect that off-season cycle and grow strawberries hydroponically in a greenhouse in the University of Arizona’s Controlled Environment Agriculture Center. Her goal is to introduce sustainable strawberry cultivation to local greenhouse growers. In the United States, the majority of strawberries are grown in California and varieties are bred for that climate. In the desert, even in a greenhouse, it’s a challenge to approximate that mild, misty coastal climate, but research specialist Mark Kroggel, Chieri’s co-principal investigator on the project who has a master of science degree in horticultural science, designed an under-the-bench fog system that releases humidity at night so the strawberries are dewy moist by dawn. (Source: phys.org)

Fungus: A Natural Weed Control? A naturally occurring fungus may prove useful in the fight against Palmer amaranth, an aggressive southern weed that can grow at the rate of 2 in. a day and out-compete corn, cotton, soybean and other crops for resources. USDA scientists in Stoneville, Mississippi, are exploring ways to formulate Myrothecium verrucaria, a fungus that attacks Palmer amaranth’s leaf and stem tissues, causing wilt, necrotic lesions, loss of chlorophyll and other disease symptoms that can kill young plants and weaken older ones. Studies indicate Myrothecium can wreak similar havoc on biotypes of Palmer amaranth that resist glyphosate and other herbicides such as triazines. During studies, seedlings were most susceptible, with all plants exposed to a full-strength application of the fungus showing disease symptoms. By 48 to 72 hours, nearly 100% had died. (Source: ars.usda.gov)

Frightening Birds Away with Inflatables Those large, inflatable plastic characters that loom over used car lots have a new purpose: scaring away birds that cause hundreds of millions of dollars in damage every year to orchards and vineyards in the United States. The inflatables, called scary dancers or air dancers, are 15-ft. tall, move randomly with arms flailing, come in multiple colors and types of reflective tape and have noisy fans—all attributes that scare birds away. Preliminary findings appear promising, as growers and researchers observed less fruit damage where pilot testing began in New York vineyards and blueberry orchards last summer. (Source: phys.org) 28

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

MAX FACTS

growing tips, news and trivia

An Organic Future There is a climate of change ahead for the gardening industry in 2014 and beyond, according to the long-term thinkers. Coach Mark Smallwood, executive director of the Rodale Institute in Kutztown, Pennsylvania, tells ABC News, “Organic gardening won’t be simply a niche market. It’s a $31 billion industry now and growing in double digits every year. There will be more food and fewer lawns. Urban food production will be up because a lot of open space is becoming available. With all the empty homes, you can create parks; you can create food production. Detroit (for example) is rebounding using not only open land but creating vertical hydroponic food production in abandoned industrial buildings.” (Source: abcnews.go.com)

Organic Hop Market Report The organic hop industry vies to meet brewer demand by increasing the volume of acreage as well as the quality of organic hops. While growing conditions were less than ideal last year, total hop volume increased by 16%, as represented by growers of the American Organic Hop Grower Association. Total pounds of organic hops produced by AOHGA growers in 2013 amounted to 253,000 compared to 218,000 in 2012. A combination of new baby acreage, and a boost in yield from the maturity of hops from year one to year two, was the reason for such a strong gain in production. Currently, growers continue to look at demand in the off-season and plan for upcoming organic expansion. (Source: usorganichops.com)

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

MAX FACTS

growing tips, news and trivia

Vertical Vermiponics Hydroponics, aquaponics, windowfarming, which allows urban folks to grow food vertically using their home windows, and vermicomposting (creating compost with worms) have all become familiar ideas to many green-minded people. But what about adding worms to the windowfarming equation? Professor Ken Rinaldo, director of the art and technology department at Ohio State University’s School of Architecture, has combined aspects of these practices in an experimental research project called Cascading Gardens. The project employs what is called vermiponics, in which worm waste is used to fertilize veggies. Suspended in specially-developed grow bags arranged in vertical rows, red wriggler worms are the crux of the system, adding rich nutrients to the process. Grow bags are made out of felt, and the system can be used indoors and out, and in wet or dry climates. (Source: treehugger.com)

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

Sweet Potato Weevils The sweet potato weevil is the most harmful pest of sweet potato around the world. Because the larval period is spent within vines or tubers, and the adults are nocturnal, chemical control is often ineffective. Mass trapping using synthetic pheromones has suppressed populations in several countries, but it has not reduced the damage greatly. A new study suggests the color of traps may affect their usefulness. “Sweet potato weevils responded to pheromone-baited traps of different colors differently in the field and indoors,” says Dr. Gadi V.P. Reddy from Montana State University. “In the field, sweet potato weevils preferred red, and particularly light red, over the other colors, but indoors, green traps were favored. We have no explanation for the difference. Further studies focusing on why insect behavior changes from outdoors to indoors will be required to find out.” (Source: sciencedaily.com)

MAX FACTS

growing tips, news and trivia

Alleviating Nut Allergies

Disease-resistant Peas

The children of women who regularly ate peanuts or tree nuts during pregnancy appear to be at a lower risk for nut allergies than other kids, say researchers. A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association is the first to demonstrate that a mother who eats nuts during pregnancy may help build up a baby’s tolerance to them after birth, its lead author, Dr. Michael Young, told CNN. The effect seemed to be strongest in women who ate the most peanuts or tree nuts—five or more servings per week. The study controlled for factors such as family history of nut allergies and other dietary practices. (Source: edition.cnn.com)

New garden pea and dry pea breeding lines developed by the USDA might offer growers added insurance against Aphanomyces root rot. Fungicides aren’t an option, so growers must either avoid planting in fields with a history of the disease, or switch to growing non-host crops until pathogen numbers drop to acceptable levels. Breeding peas for resistance to Aphanomyces has proven difficult because multiple genes are involved. The resistance genes are also associated with undesirable traits, which cultivated varieties can inherit when crossed with wild germplasm sources. As an alternative, researchers sought to develop pea germplasm lines that naturally tolerate the pathogen, but do not suffer the same ill effects as susceptible plants. The pea lines are descendants of an inbred population of plants derived from a cross made in 1993. (Source: ars.usda.gov)

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT YOUR GUIDE TO THIS MONTH’S

HOTTEST ITEMS Ask for them at your local indoor gardening store

Control the Air in Your Indoor Garden with a DuraBreeze Pedestal Fan Combat unwanted heat and stagnant air in your indoor garden with the DuraBreeze Pedestal Fan. This durable fan is available in 16-in. and 18-in. models. Fans feature three breeze settings and wide-range horizontal operation as well as a variable-height base, vertically-adjustable head and built-in timer. The DuraBreeze Pedestal Fan also features fixed-position capability, overheat protection, a 5.5-in. power cord and a one-year warranty. Visit a retailer near you for more information.

Humboldt County’s Own G10 (Gravitation #10) After a year of experimenting and 11 different versions, we’ve finally come up with a Gravity substitute that has growers raving. Our philosophy at Humboldt County’s Own is unique in the industry. We don’t make a product and tell growers how great it is, we give out promising products to growers and wait for their feedback. G10 hit the bullseye. G10 is based on our proprietary kelp extract used to make Gravity, but with a new formulation that takes the art of flowering to a new level. There’s no flower finisher on the market like G10. For maximum Gravity effect, use with Sonic Bloom (Sunshine Powder) and Killer Tea. For more details, visit an indoor garden retailer.

Dutchpro’s pH Bloom Use Dutchpro’s pH Bloom to adjust the pH value in your garden during the bloom stage. This product contains 30% phosphorus acid, so caution must be used while handling and storing. To use, add small amounts of pH Bloom during the blooming stages until the desired level is reached. Keep in mind that the recommended pH level for most plants during the bloom stage 5.8. Dutchpro’s pH Bloom is available in 0.26-, 1.32-, 2.65- and 5.28-gal. sizes. For more information, ask a local indoor gardening retailer.

Forever Flowering's Auto Flowerer Kit Forever Flowering's new Auto Flowerer brings light deprivation to a whole new level of accessibility and affordability. It allows growers full automation of their year-round greenhouse crops and is controlled by Agrowtek's touchscreen controllers, which include email and texting options. From its basic model to the deluxe, Forever Flowering Greenhouses give growers the ability to create the ultimate growing environment so they can focus their attention on cultivating plants. Options include ridge vents and roll-up side walls for passive cooling, breathable walls for full air flow when tarps are pulled and engineered stamped plans when necessary. Growing in greenhouses using light deprivation technology provides growers control and reduces overhead. Forever Flowering Greenhouses has been blazing the trail for light deprivation for seven years and growing. For further details, stop by a specialty gardening store.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT

LightRail 4.0 AdjustaDrive from Gualala Robotics The LightRail 4.0 AdjustaDrive is the newest linear light mover available from Gualala Robotics Inc. With both a 0- to 60-second adjustable time delay for promoting even growth from end to end and a 2-ft. by 4-ft. per minute adjustable speed control that covers a wide range of lamp intensities and travel distances, the LightRail 4.0 AdjustaDrive is a powerful and effective light mover control. The basic science of LightRail is that by moving the light, growers can get light into the mid and lower leaves, increasing photosynthesis. A moveable light also eliminates hot spots, allowing growers to run lights closer to plants—a much more efficient use of wattages. Compatible with all LightRail 3.0 and 3.5 rails and accessory items, the LightRail 4.0 AdjustaDrive comes complete with a drive motor, an easy-to-assemble 6.5-ft. rail, mounting hardware, instructions and a two-year manufacturer warranty. Visit a nearby indoor garden store to pick up a LightRail 4.0 AdjustaDrive.

The Hood from Growlite Growlush is happy to announce the arrival of The Hood from Growlite. The Hood is a 6-in. and 8-in. air cool reflector made of premium quality materials including 95% Hammertone reflective German dimple aluminium internal. It has a lightweight design and a black matte finished outer body to match the OG and Karma in the black line of hoods. The Hood features a hinged door frame for easy cleaning and accessibility to the lamp, a slim tempered glass lens and a 15-ft. lamp cord. It’s suitable for all HPS and MH lamps ranging from 250 W to 1,000 W. A pair of Vhooks are included. The Hood is 23.50-in. long, 21-in. wide and 9.25-in. high. It is UL, CE, RoHS and C-Tick approved. For further details, visit an indoor gardening supply store.

Digimax DE Lamp Sunlight Supply is excited to announce the arrival of the Digimax 1,000-W Double Ended HPS Horticulture Lamp. This new lamp is specifically designed for operation with high-frequency electronic ballasts. The Digimax DE's unique T32.5 double-ended lamp construction allows for maximum optical efficiency and improved ignition behavior. It has a connection wire at each end of the lamp, eliminating the need for a frame wire inside the lamp. The absence of frame wire eliminates any shadows in the light beam. Digimax DE lamps have an improved light spectrum, improved PAR maintenance and a quicker warm-up time/reduced re-strike time. Double-ended, lamp-specific locking sockets ensure optimal lamp placement and support within the reflector. Please use caution and follow lamp installation instructions included with Sunlight Supply-specific DE reflectors. The jacket of this double-ended lamp is made from quartz glass. Do not handle with bare hands. For horizontal burning only. The lamp is packaged in a protective keepsake tin box and comes with a one-year warranty. Visit your favorite indoor gardening store for more information.

Gardener’s Blue Ribbon Sturdy Stakes Everybody can use some support, right? Hydrofarm comes to the rescue with Gardener’s Blue Ribbon™ Sturdy Stakes®—the ideal solution for supporting growing plants. Featuring a steel core, these stakes are the ultimate in strength and durability. Their thick plastic coating renders them impervious to weather, chemicals and rust, and their sure-grip surface provides easy handling. Sturdy Stakes are available in sizes ranging from 2-, 3-, 6- and 8-in., as well as heavy duty. Now available from a Hydrofarm authorized retailer near you. Visit an indoor gardening supply store for more information.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT The Enhancer by TNB Naturals Quickly becoming one of the most talked about products to hit the market, this highly-effective, user-activated CO2 canister delivers a high rate of CO2, comparable to a costly CO2 system. The Enhancer's unique features include its ability to slow the release of CO2 during the night cycle, improving overall plant health and final yield. Store owners love its three-year shelf-life and growers are amazed at how the Enhancer generates one of the highest ppms in the all-natural category of CO2 products. The Enhancer's ease of use—simply add water and shake— and the fact that it emits no heat makes it a top choice for knowledgeable growers. For more information, visit your local garden store.

KIND LED K3 Series The KIND LED K3 series of grow lights possess 3-W diodes that are constantly driven at 700ma advanced drivers. Since LED grow lights need constant DC current, the constant current drivers used in the KIND K3 series will deliver constant voltage and current regardless of temperature. This powerful combination of the perfect blend of intensity, efficiency, durability and low operating temperature makes the KIND K3 a superior choice for LED grow lighting compared to other LED brands that run lower diode wattages and lesser driving currents. In addition, KIND LED grow lights are the only 3-W grow lights that feature a 12-bandwidth, full-spectrum LED panel, a secondary high-intensity optical lens and 0.79-in. aluminum heat sinks. For more details, ask a local garden retailer.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT Defend Roots with SubCulture M and B from General Hydroponics Increase the vitality and yields of your plants with SubCulture M and SubCulture B from General Hydroponics. Subculture M is a mycorrhizal root inoculant that builds a strong root system and increases root area. SubCulture B, a Bacillus root inoculant, protects roots with a variety of beneficial bacteria. These organisms colonize the root zone and media, improving your plants’ tolerance of temperature extremes, nutrient imbalances and drought. SubCulture M and B beneficial micro-organisms can be used with any nutrient feeding program in soil or hydroponics. Use SubCulture from propagation to harvest to ensure a well-developed root system. Visit a retailer near you for more information.

The Hood XL from Growlite Growlush is happy to announce the arrival of The Hood XL from Growlite—a 6-in. and 8-in. air cool reflector made with 95% Hammertone reflective German dimple aluminium internal. These extra-large hoods are among the “bigger is better” range of reflectors for professional growers. The Hood XL has a lightweight design and a black matte finished outer body to match the OG and Karma in the black line of hoods. The Hood XL features a hinged door frame for easy cleaning and accessibility to the lamp, a slim tempered glass lens and a 15-ft. lamp cord. It’s suitable for all HPS and MH lamps ranging from 250 W to 1,000 W. A pair of V-hooks are included. The Hood XL is 33.75-in. long, 28-in. wide and 10-in. high and is UL, CE, RoHS and C-Tick approved. Visit a specialty gardening supply store for more information.

Dutchpro’s pH + Use Dutchpro’s pH + to raise the pH value in your garden. This product is made from a potassium-hydroxide solution, so caution must be used while handling and storing. To use, add small amounts of pH + until desired levels are reached. Keep in mind that the recommended pH level for most plants is between 5.8 and 6.5. Dutchpro’s pH + is available in 0.26-, 1.32-, 2.65- and 5.28-gal. sizes. For more information, ask a local indoor gardening retail store.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT

Fantech Inline Fans Sunlight Supply is pleased to announce the arrival of Fantech Inline Fans. Exclusively distributed by Sunlight Supply, Fantech offers two different Inline Fan series. The Fantech Inline Mixed Flow Duct Fan FKD Series is specifically designed to bridge the transition between centrifugal and axial fan designs by combining the high flow of axial designs with the higher pressure, non-overloading characteristics of backward curved impellers. The Fantech Inline Centrifugal Fan FG Series is a German-made fan with a top-quality motor. Both fans offer galvanized steel housing and an external wiring box for ease of connection. Fantech Inline Fans have external motors with built-in thermal overload protection and automatic reset, mixed flow impellers, permanently sealed ball bearings and 100% speed control. Fantech Inline Fans are suitable for air stream temperatures of up to 140°F and offer excellent heat dissipation that helps ensure long motor life. Ask for Fantech Inline Fans at your local indoor garden retail shop.

Karma Reflector by Growlite Give your plants the light they deserve with the Karma. The Karma reflector uses Growlite's patented CVAT Technology to create 100% internal lamp reflectivity. By creating 100% lamp reflectivity, the Karma is able to redistribute the light spread over your canopy, allowing for complete, maximized, uniform plant growth. Features include: vertical lamp for even light distribution, concealed vacuum airflow technology, black matte powder coat finish, 8-in. duct for airflow (push or pull), removable door for lamp access and easy cleaning, 1/8-in.-thick tempered glass and 22-gauge steel. The Karma comes with a pair of V-hooks for mounting, is standard with a 15-ft. cord and ballast plug, suitable for all HPS and MH lamps between 250 and 1,000 W, and is CE, UL, RoHS and C-Tick certified. Visit your nearest indoor grow store for more details.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT

Ideal H2O Reverse Osmosis Water Filtration System

Sunlight Supply is excited to announce the arrival of the Ideal H2O™ Reverse Osmosis Water Filtration System. This system is one of the most cost-effective and efficient ways to remove the majority of contaminants from water. The Ideal H2O Reverse Osmosis Water Filtration System produces up to 200 gallons per day of ultra-pure, low ppm water. While removing more than 98% of chlorine and all other contaminants, the Ideal H2O RO System also wastes 25% less drain water than other RO systems on the market. This system is customizable for hydroponic and horticultural applications. It includes a one-year warranty on parts. For more information, visit an indoor gardening retail store.

Gorilla Grow Tent’s Big Buddha Box

Dutchpro’s pH Grow Dutchpro’s pH Grow is used in all types of gardening applications to adjust pH levels during the growth stage. To use, add small amounts of pH Grow until the desired level of pH is reached in your grow space. Keep in mind that the recommended pH level for most plants during the growth stage is around 5.8. Dutchpro’s pH Grow contains 38% nitric acid, so caution must be used whenever handling. It is available in 0.26-, 1.32-, 2.65- and 5.28-gal. sizes. For more information, ask a local indoor gardening retail store.

The Big Buddha Box is setting the standard as a premier, automated, vertically oriented hydroponic system. It is designed with four multishelved vertical walls that house 87-net cups nested within the tiered grow trays that are situated around a centralized light column. The light column, which extends from floor to ceiling, is powered with a standard 600-W lighting system that can be upgraded to a 1,000-W lighting system. The effect of this set-up is four lush walls of flora growing towards the centralized light column. The heart of the Big Buddha box is the SuperPonics hydroponic system—a fusion of ebb and flow and aeroponic methodologies that guarantees perfect watering for plants. The main benefit to the hydroponic indoor gardener of going vertical is to quadruple yields while only using half the electricity that a horizontally oriented hydroponic system would use for the same yield production. Find out more about the Big Buddha Box at a local indoor gardening shop.

All-Natural Sumatran Bat Guano from Sunleaves Sunleaves Sumatran Bat Guano, harvested from caves located deep in the Sumatran rainforest, is an excellent all-natural fertilizer that encourages strong and healthy plants as well as abundant growth. With an NPK of 8-4-1, this high-nitrogen fertilizer has enough phosphorous and potassium to make your plants thrive during the vegetation cycle or help them smoothly transition into the flowering cycle. Sunleaves Sumatran Bat Guano is extremely effective when applied as a top dressing, a soil amendment or brewed into guano tea. Visit a retailer near you for more information.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT Growlite's OG Grow Light Hood

Try the Hula for Healthier Plants

OG (Original Growlite) offers quality hydroponic reflectors using the finest components, materials and finishes, as well as innovative, cutting-edge designs and CVAT (concealed vacuum airflow technology) for maximum yield. The CVAT technology has proven to expand lumen performance to increase reflector efficiency by 30%. Compared to the average reflector, this technology will create more uniform light nutrients and produce larger yields at harvest time. It also takes the heat away from the reflector much faster and more efficiently. OG is perfect for growrooms with heat issues and for continuing your growing during the summer season. Features include: userfriendly installation and maintenance, vertical lamp for even light distribution, black matte powder coat finish, removable door for lamp access and easy cleaning and 1/8-in.-thick tempered glass. The OG comes with a pair of V-hooks for mounting, uses MH and HPS bulbs and has UL, CE, RoHS and C-Tick approval. Visit your nearest retailer for more information.

The Hula Perfect Planter features a patent-pending OxiTitan® antimicrobial coating that destroys bacteria, viruses and fungal spores, while continuously reducing odors and VOCs. Harnessing the power of water and light, this innovative planter is virtually self-cleaning. There’s no need to sterilize and clean your Hula before planting, unlike other containers. An air-pruning design ensures healthy root growth and prevents root-bound plants. Simply fill the Hula with soil, soilless mixes, clay and rockwool. Water however you like, including top feeding, hand watering, flooding or draining to waste. When finished, this collapsible container folds up flat. The reusable and recyclable Hula saves valuable space when not in use. The Hula Perfect Planter is made by California Soils, a company based in Vernalis, California, which is in the heart of the nation’s largest farming area. Visit a nearby indoor garden center for more information.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

Light for the Job

The Best

by Casey Jones Fraser

Casey Jones Fraser shares some tips for finding the right grow lights for your garden. 50

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

The best light for the job With so many different types of grow lights on the market, choosing a system for your garden can be confusing. If you have high performance in mind, there is no cheating the system. You will need professional grow lights to get professional results from your garden. So, which grow light is the best light for the job?

Getting Started Seedlings and cuttings don’t require as much light as mature plants. In fact, too much light can overwork them and dry out the growing medium. Fluorescent lights are perfect for tiny young plants. I don’t recommend T12 lights, but they will get the job done. T8 fluorescent

tubes are better, but T5 fluorescent lights are the clear winner in their category. T5s deliver more light, and they are available in the ideal daylight spectrums for your plants. A 4-ft. T5 fixture with four tubes can cover up to five propagation trays. Standard propagation trays are 20-in. by 10-in., so a couple of 2-ft. T5 tubes will cover a single tray. You could also use a couple of 26-W compact fluorescent lights over a prop tray, but they tend to produce concentrated light footprints. Basically, you get bigger plants directly under each bulb and small plants on the perimeter. Fluorescent tubes spread light over the surface of the growing area, and therefore promote even growth.

Seedlings and cuttings don’t require as much light as mature plants. In fact, too much light can overwork them and dry out the growing medium."

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

The best light for the job Once you are out of the seedling or cloning stage, you will want the best lights for producing leaf growth. T5s and metal-halide lights are the first two choices for top-notch vegetative plants. When choosing a T5 fixture, pick the units in accordance to the size of your garden. If you are growing in more than a 2-ft. by 4-ft. area, get a 4-ft. T5 with eight tubes. In other words, get a 2-ft. by 4-ft. T5 light to cover a 2-ft. by 4-ft. area. Here are the coverage areas for the most common T5 fixtures: 4-lamp, 2-ft. T5 = 1-ft. x 2-ft. vegetative garden 4-lamp, 4-ft. T5 = 1-ft. x 4-ft. vegetative garden 8-lamp, 2-ft. T5 = 2-ft. x 2-ft. vegetative garden 8-lamp, 4-ft. T5 = 2-ft. x 4-ft. vegetative garden

When choosing a metal-halide light, you can expect the following coverage: 250-W metal halide = 2-ft. by 2-ft. vegetative garden 400-W metal halide = 3-ft. by 3-ft. vegetative garden 600-W metal halide = 4-ft. by 4-ft. vegetative garden 1,000-W metal halide + light mover = 4-ft. by 8-ft. vegetative garden

With these lighting recommendations, you can expect up to 18 in. of leaf and stem growth. If you are trying to grow taller vegetative plants, go with a 1,000-W light over a 4-ft. by 4-ft. garden. With that kind of intensity, you could produce 5-ft.-tall tomato plants and get a jump start on the outdoor garden season. Fruiting and flowering (the reproductive phase) is the goal for many indoor gardeners. For plants to achieve the same kind of growth made possible by the sun, some serious intensity during the fruiting and flowering stages will be required.

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; February 2014

High-Pressure Sodium Lights (HPS)

Other Lamp Technologies

HPS lights continue to produce excellent results for those seeking both quality and yield. When operating a large flowering room with multiple lights, some growers prefer a mix of metalhalide and high-pressure sodium lamps for a mixed spectrum. Metal-halide lamps will grow healthy flowering plants, but the yield is slightly reduced compared to HPS. When using HPS light for flowering indoors, go with the following guidelines for matching the right light to your garden:

Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs)

400-W HPS = 2-ft. by 2-ft. flowering garden 600-W HPS = 3-ft. by 3-ft. flowering garden 1,000-W HPS = 4-ft. by 4-ft. flowering garden

While HPS lights can produce healthy plants over larger areas than suggested here, the plants themselves will be reduced in size. Spreading the light over a larger area tends to get a similar yield with lower quality and smaller individual fruit size. By keeping the lighting at maximum intensity, you will get the highest yield for the amount of space you are using.

LED lights have become common for gardeners these days. Unfortunately, many failures in the growroom have been attributed to low-quality LEDs sought by bargain hunters. High-quality LED grow lights do exist from a few companies. LED technology offers benefits including reduced heat, reduced electrical usage and no bulbs to replace. For growers who are used to the performance of a 1,000-W HPS over a 4-ft. by 4-ft. garden, you will need to spend $2,000 to $4,000 to get the same results with LEDs. That 1,000-W HPS light would cost more like $300 to $600. In the long term, LED lights could be the better choice, as long as you can afford top-of-the-line units. The electrical savings, especially during hot summer months, will add up over a few years. If you plan on gardening for a long time, your LED lights could eventually pay for themselves with the savings on your power bills.

For plants to achieve the same kind of growth made possible by the sun, some serious intensity during the fruiting and flowering stages will be required."

The best light for the job

When operating a large flowering room with multiple lights, some growers prefer a mix of metal-halide and highpressure sodium lamps for a mixed spectrum." Induction Lights Induction lights are another technology that promises savings on your power bill. The costs of induction lights and power savings are similar to those seen with LED lights. Another similarity is long lamp life. Induction lights will continue to operate for years with healthy plant growth. Unlike an incandescent lamp or conventional fluorescent lamps, there is no electrical connection going inside the glass bulb; the energy is transferred through the glass envelope solely by electromagnetic induction.

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; February 2014

The best light for the job

Once you are out of the seedling or cloning stage, you will want the best lights for producing leaf growth."

High-Wattage Compact Fluorescents

A Final Note

High-wattage compact fluorescents are used by some growers for vegetative and flowering growth. These lamps range from 125 W to 300 W, and require a mogul base fixture. While they can produce quality vegetative growth, they are not the ideal choice for flowering plants. Yield and quality will be significantly reduced compared to HPS or MH lights. The best way to use compact fluorescents in flowering is by hanging them next to plants for supplemental side lighting. Using HPS lights overhead and compact fluorescents on the side will give you healthy tops and healthy lower growth. While some growers hang HPS and MH lights between plants, compact fluorescents are a safer option. If you bump into them, you won’t get burned skin or melted clothes.

New lighting companies often make claims that are hard to believe. If a light really works, it will become popular in the marketplace. Thousands of growrooms exist all over the world and professional indoor growers dump plenty of capital into experimenting with different lighting technologies. Currently, these large-scale growers have continued to find the best flowering results from 600-W and 1,000-W HPS lights, or some pricier LEDs. So, kick your garden into high gear with some high-output grow lights and run your garden like a professional.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

When it comes to proper grow light selection, indoor gardening retail shop clerks really know their stuff. Be sure to check in with them and they will help you find what’s going to work the best in your area and with your growroom’s specifications.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

Bringing in a Bumper Crop:

by Stephen Keen

CO2 In T he Garden

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

One important, and often overlooked, aspect of an indoor garden’s climate is the level of carbon dioxide present. Here is why this is so important, and ways to ensure your garden gets enough of this chemical compound.

co2 in the garden Nothing makes the indoor gardener happier than a large, healthy crop— beautiful green leaves, colorful fruits and vegetables, heavy and aromatic flowers. But no matter what you are growing, the limiting factors to crop health and overall yields are the same: nutrients, climate, lighting and pest control. Every plant has different requirements for optimal health, but these four limiting factors can make or break a harvest in any gardening scenario—if a single factor is imperfect, crops can be negatively affected. Some imperfections can destroy a crop entirely.

One important, and often overlooked, aspect of the garden’s climate is the level of carbon dioxide in the garden. What many of us don’t understand completely is that CO2 is actually consumed by our plants. Carbon dioxide is made of two oxygen atoms and one carbon atom bonded together. During photosynthesis, when the lights are on, plants absorb CO2 through the stomata (pores) found on the leaves of the plant. The plant turns the carbon atom into plant material such as leaves, flowers and fruit, and discards the two oxygen atoms during transpiration—usually when the lights are off, with few notable exceptions. Adequate CO2 levels are absolutely vital to the health and growth of plants, and elevated levels can contribute to explosive growth and production. Normal levels of CO2 in the atmosphere are generally between 300 and 500 ppm, but this is a basic range and can vary somewhat based on location. Under all circumstances, your plants should be provided with 300 to 500 ppm of CO2 to ensure proper growth. This can be tricky, especially in

a sealed garden environment, because plants will consume the CO2, so even though the normal range of carbon dioxide is present at first, supplementation might still be required because the plants will drop the levels of carbon dioxide in a sealed garden down to zero. Once the CO2 levels drop below what is normally available in the atmosphere, plant growth will be negatively affected, often dramatically. Studies have shown that plant growth and production increases with CO2 levels that are higher than atmospheric norms. Different species of plants will respond in different ways, but overall, all plants that consume CO2 will respond positively to elevated levels. A 1979 study by the Australian National University found that when carbon dioxide levels were elevated to approximately double the atmospheric normal, 40-day-old cotton plants were double the weight of the same cotton plant grown at normal carbon dioxide levels. Maize plants that were part of the same study increased in weight by 20%. While elevated levels are beneficial to the health and overall production of most plants, levels above

What many of us don’t understand completely is that CO 2 is actually consumed by our plants.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

co2 in the garden 1,500 ppm are unnecessary. There is no benefit to providing more CO2 than your plants can consume and carbon dioxide levels above 2,000 ppm can harm your plants by limiting transpiration and reducing nutrient uptake. Carbon dioxide is generally safe for humans at these levels, but levels above 6,000 ppm are harmful to humans after exposure for a period of time, especially for those with respiratory problems. For this reason, if you are enriching your garden with CO2, it is vital that you use a monitor in conjunction with your enrichment devices to control the levels at all times. The generally accepted sweet spot in the indoor gardening world is maintaining levels between 1,000 and 1,800 ppm, with most gardeners agreeing on 1,500 ppm as the level of maximum benefit. With few exceptions, it is unnecessary to provide the garden with CO2 enrichment when the lights are off—this is usually only necessary when the lights in the garden are on and photosynthesis is in full swing. There are several different ways of delivering CO2 to your garden. The simplest way to replenish the CO2 levels is by venting, where a fan exhausts garden air out and replaces it with air from the outside. This replaces any air that has depleted CO2 levels. This method is common, but it limits the garden to only the

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

atmospheric normal levels of CO2, does nothing to enrich the air with higher levels and it is not without problems, primarily related to the other aspects of the garden’s climate. For example, if it’s humid outside, you introduce humidity into the garden, which can lead to fungus growth on your crop, and since most gardens are already humid, no more moisture is needed. Introducing outside air can also introduce pests into the space. Lastly, if the temperature outside is hotter than you want your garden to be, you must compensate for the introduction of outside air with your air-conditioning system. Most gardeners who start out with a venting system eventually move to a different type of enrichOnce ment system.

There are also systems available that boost CO2 levels with decomposing natural materials. These come in a package that you place in the garden, during which time the decomposition off-gasses CO2 into the garden, boosting the levels somewhat. These products are natural and inexpensive and don’t require a CO2 monitor or other equipment to operate, as there is little chance of overdosing your garden unless you are using an extremely small space. However, CO2 volumes will be variable, and it is difficult to determine exactly what ppms can be reached. Additionally, they can’t be turned on and off with your

the CO 2 levels drop below what is normally available in the atmosphere, plant growth will be negatively affected, often dramatically.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

co2 in the garden

lighting, so will continually off-gas even during the night cycle when CO2 isn’t being consumed. The manufacturer’s estimate for lifetime on this product is usually about two months. Depending on the size of the garden, multiple packages might be required. Bottles of pure CO2 are commonly available at most hydroponics retail outlets, where they can also be refilled or exchanged for new bottles. With this method,

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

you use a regulator connected to a CO2 monitor. The monitor reads the CO2 level in the space, opens the regulator when CO2 is needed in the space, and closes it when the levels reach the presets on the monitor. This is a relatively inexpensive up-front cost, as the bottles aren’t particularly expensive. However, they will require frequent refilling or exchanging, which can become tedious for many gardeners.

Carbon dioxide generators are also commonly available from most hydroponics retailers. These generators create CO2 in the air by burning propane or natural gas and the primary byproduct of burning these gases is CO2. They should also be used in conjunction with a CO2 monitor that turns them on when carbon dioxide is needed and turns them off when it is not. Using a carbon dioxide generator is an easy and efficient way to introduce CO2 into the garden, as gas creates about three times as much CO2 as an equivalently-sized bottle. If you are operating your generator using bottles of propane, this reduces the number of refills required by two-thirds. Additionally, most generators can be plumbed into the gas supply of your home or commercial space, resulting in no need to replace or refill a bottle. The obvious downside to using a CO2 generator is that burning propane or natural gas produces a lot of heat. This is undesirable in most gardens, as heat is a constant struggle for many of us. You can compensate for this with additional air conditioning.

Hydro Innovations offers the most advanced, efficient and reliable CO2 production with the most effective cooling features available. Extremely affordable. Extremely reliable.

AD Universal CO2 Monitor

HydroGEN PRO Water-Cooled CO2 Generator

Supercharge your garden without adding heat!

Extremely affordable CO2 controller Can be used with any CO2 generator or bottle regulator High quality Sense Air brand CO2 detector Self calibrating Incredibly low failure rate: less than 0.5%

Water cooling feature removes up to 86% of the heat produced by the burner Optional accessory boots water cooling efficiency to 99% Powerful, adjustable output produces up to 30 cubic feet per hour of CO2 Suitable for almost any size garden

hydroinnovations.com â&#x20AC;&#x153;Let us design your climate control system today!â&#x20AC;?

512.321.7575

| support@hydroinnovations.com

co2 in the garden

the bottle used in conjunction with a CO2 monitor are the only two ways of maintaining constant, specific levels of carbon dioxide in the garden. Carbon dioxide is heavier than the rest of the air in the space, meaning that it will fall to the floor and levels The simplest 12-in. above the way to ground will be replenish the higher than

There is also a CO2 generator available that is water-cooled, resulting in optimal CO2 levels with no heat being released into the garden environment. The generator and

CO 2 levels is by venting, where a fan exhausts garden air out and replaces it with air from the outside.

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; February 2014

levels 60-in. above the ground. For this reason, monitors should be placed at plant canopy level, so they can accurately read the CO2 levels where they matter most. Adequate airflow inside the garden will ensure CO2 is homogenized into the air as much as possible. No matter what you are growing or how you deliver it, adequate CO2 levels in the space are absolutely vital for the health of your crop. Since the carbon translates directly into plant material, CO2 levels elevated above normal levels found in the atmosphere will result in density and yields not otherwise achievable.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

Are You Growing

Puny Plants? by Bill DeBoer

A Pumped Up Look at the Plant Stomata and Relative Humidity There are many critical factors growers pay close attention to when considering the overall health and vigor of their plants. Here's why relative humidity should be one of those factors.

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; February 2014

are you growing puny plants?

Growers tend to focus on certain critical factors contributing to the health and vigor of plants such as growing media, seeds, lighting conditions, temperatures and fertilizer compositions. These are all important considerations, but we may be overlooking one major variable: relative humidity and the role it plays on stomatal opening and closing. In a controlled environment like a house or greenhouse, we sometimes fail to monitor relative humidity and, in the process, may be producing inferior plants. In this article, the mechanism of stomatal opening and closing, relative humidity and the interaction of both will be discussed. A little understanding will go a long way in getting better results. Plants, like people, respond to stimuli. People respond to stimuli such as hunger, noise and fatigue. For plants, stimuli can encompass numerous factors such as temperature, light and water. Growers often gauge success or failure based on visual cues like growth patterns, form, yellowing leaves, wilted appearance, days to maturity and flowering. Factors that are sometimes not externally or overtly visible can go unnoticed or, worse yet, attributed to other factors. Simply put, monitoring stomata conductance or the influx of carbon dioxide into the stomata with an accompanying efflux of water vapor may be an overlooked factor for any plant.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

Without being bogged down by details, the stomata are tiny gates or pores covering a plant. While they are often on the undersides of leaves, they can be found on the upper sides and stems as well. As diverse as the plant kingdom is, it should be no surprise that there are a myriad of adaptations to this particular component. Stomata are the gas exchange sites that allow carbon dioxide in for photosynthesis and release oxygen and water out. The opening and closing of the stomata is controlled by a series of complex steps, but put simply, water movement into the guard cells of the stomata inflates the cell, causing the stomata to open. A loss of water from the guard cells causes a decrease in turgor pressure, which quickly closes the stomata. Since water loss from your plant is attributed to the stomata, there is one factor we must pay close attention to: relative humidity.

“In a controlled environment like a house or greenhouse, we sometimes fail to monitor relative humidity and, in the process, may be producing inferior plants.”

are you growing puny plants?

Relative humidity or RH, is a measure of the amount of water (vapor) in the air relative to the saturation point, expressed as a percentage. When the air is saturated with water, the value at a given temperature would be 100%. Two integral components of RH are temperature and the total amount of moisture present. Air is able to hold more moisture as the temperature decreases. Likewise as temperature increases, the carrying capacity of moisture in air decreases. This concept will have important ramifications that will be discussed later. So why does relative humidity matter when we are talking about stomatal opening and closing? Life exists in a constant battle to reach equilibrium. Chemicals at a high concentration will want to move to areas of lower concentration to maintain this equilibrium. Water is a chemical compound and as such will want to diffuse or move accordingly. This is where the plant stomata come into play. For example, if the relative humidity surrounding the leaf is low, then this gradient will want to pull water from the plant. This is why plants, especially grown in containers, can dry out quickly and wilt when the wind is blowing and the relative humidity is low. This stimulus (along with darkness) can trigger the closure of the stomata. This may sound great, especially when you think about plants under drought or water stress, but this also significantly reduces uptake of carbon dioxide, which reduces photosynthesis. A reduction in the rate

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

“The lack of water uptake by growing plants in a humid environment would directly reduce nutrient uptake, leading to reduced growth and nutrient deficiencies over time.” of photosynthesis is obvious as there will be a stunting of growth and an overall lack of vigor. If this scenario played out continuously, it would result in energy starvation and plant death. On the other hand, exposing plants to relative high humidity will have the opposite effect as stomata will remain open. However, while you might think that growing plants in a humid environment would cut back on watering needs because that pull to lose water is eliminated or significantly reduced, there are three main problems associated with growing plants in high humidity. Plants, like people, can use evaporative cooling as a means of regulating internal temperatures during adversely hot days. While some plants possess coping mechanisms, in general, hot temperatures coupled with high humidity will lead to reduced growth. Another reason high humidity is not ideal for plant growth is directly tied to pathology. Fungal spores, like seeds,

are you growing puny plants? require moisture for germination. Since high humidity is equal to high moisture, fungal diseases are more likely to develop. Lastly and most importantly is the effect of stomata opening with high humidity. One research study has shown the vase life of cut roses is significantly reduced when the plants are grown in greenhouses under high (>85%) humidity. The plants responded to their environment and became acclimated to these humid conditions, resulting in a lack of functionality of the stomata. The cut flowers became insensitive to the cues that usually helped reduce water loss. I use this point to illustrate the impetus of this article: your growing conditions can and will dictate the type of plants you produce. Make them lazy in their environment and they will be ill-prepared for the real world. At the very least, growers should invest in a cheap hygrometer and try to maintain RH at

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; February 2014

50 to 80%, avoiding situations where RH exceeds 90%. The lack of water uptake by growing plants in a humid environment would directly reduce nutrient uptake, leading to reduced growth and nutrient deficiencies over time. To correct high RH, simple ventilation may be effective at decreasing the moisture content. Humidifiers placed accordingly can be used to increase RH during times of low RH such as the winter months when heaters are used in the house. You can also increase the temperature as a means to lower RH, but for most growers, the added heating expense prohibits this action. It is important to note that not all plants respond the same to certain stimuli. Some plants favor lower RH for optimal growth while others push the envelope toward saturation. Use the guidelines (moderate relative humidity, measures to control relative humidity) as general recommendations and seek additional information on a plant-by-plant basis. While growers often pay close attention to many details, make sure relative humidity does not fall into the overlooked category. Remembering this will truly pump up your plants, promoting faster growth and increasing overall health.

Natural Weed Control Getting rid of weeds in the garden can be an arduous task for growers who want to try to stick with natural remedies. Karen Wilkinson has some suggestions to make this task a little easier.

by Karen Wilkinson

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; February 2014

natural weed control

Some people say a weed is simply a plant in the wrong place, and while that’s true, weeds are oftentimes a nuisance and the bane of any gardener, as they persistently compete with your prized plants for resources and never seem to completely die. They’re hard to control due to their naturally rapid growth and the numerous seeds they produce, making even the best gardener a little neurotic as they literally suck the energy from growing plants. The mere presence of weeds can result in reduced crop growth, quality and yield because they steal available moisture, nutrients, sunlight and space that crop plants would otherwise use. Weeds also impede the harvesting process and can provide coverage and breeding grounds for diseases, insects and animals. But the good thing is, they’re not impossible to manage. There are several tried-and-true methods that, if implemented in concert, can combat the reach of these pesky plants.

Lay the Foundation Right Just like building a home, it all starts from the ground up. This means soil solarization, which sounds fancy, but is really just basic gardening. It’s preventative, organic and stops weeds from growing before they get a chance. It’s also best to implement in the spring or summer, when the sun is at its peak. Start by hacking down any tall vegetation with an appropriate tool such as a power trimmer until the weeds and other vegetation are as short as possible. Then start the process of uprooting the weeds by renting or using someone’s tiller, and allow the tines to reach deep enough into the ground to loosen the weeds so they can be removed, roots and all. Next take a steel rake to the area just tilled, and remove as much of the uprooted weeds as you can by combing the soil hard. Rake again and try to even out the soil, then take a hose and spray the area just raked. Now cover the raked area with a clear polyethylene sheet, ensuring the edges of the sheet are held down by something heavy to keep it from blowing away. You’re going to keep it that way for four to six weeks, during which time the sun will cook and kill the weeds for you, before they can sprout, while killing plant pathogens as well.

use your hands There is nothing more safe and natural than getting your hands dirty and pulling up some roots by hand. Practice makes perfect with this style, and with enough practice, you’ll soon be cleaning up rows without

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

The mere presence of weeds can result in reduced crop growth, quality and yield because they steal available moisture, nutrients, sunlight and space that crop plants would otherwise use.”

natural weed control

Organic mulches include straw,

grass clippings, leaves, manure, bark chips, sawdust, newspapers and ground corncobs.”

having to think about it. The advantage here is that you only pull the undesirable plants, and keep the ones you want. The downside is that, depending on the size of your garden, this can be a tedious process that leaves your body screaming for a massage. But no dead weeds are left behind using this method. So remember to start small—weed just a small space well—instead of weeding a large space incompletely.

Mulch, Mulch, Mulch A thick layer of organic mulch will keep light from reaching weeds, hindering any potential growth and nourishing the soil in the process. Without sufficient lighting, the chlorophyll needed to aid further growth isn’t produced, and most weeds die off before they become an issue. While persistent plants may find their way into the light, they’ll be easy to pull, as their roots will likely be shallow. There are two main types of mulch—organic and inorganic—and for the sake of this article, we’ll focus on the natural kind. Organic mulches include straw, grass clippings, leaves, manure, bark chips, sawdust, newspapers and ground corncobs. These mulches not only help keep weeds in check, but also allow flexibility in fertilizing and watering. A thick layer of mulch between 3 to 4 in. should be placed around the plant’s base, but shouldn’t replace good, old-fashioned garden maintenance. So cultivate a habit of weeding at least weekly to reduce any potential problems. As far as mulching goes, the thicker the better. And for optimal weed protection, use a combination of newspaper, paper grocery bag material and cardboard under your organic mulch mix. When applying newspaper, however, be sure to remove any color pages, as the chemicals in colored ink can seep into the soil.

DIY Natural Herbicide It’s no secret that store-bought herbicides are generally laden with chemicals that plants uptake. And store-bought organic herbicides are plentiful, but expensive. What isn’t going to break the bank, however, is a home-made, natural herbicide that relies on simple ingredients such as vinegar and soap. Vinegar works to kill pesky weeds, but it may take multiple applications to work its natural magic and it’s more effective with the help of the sunlight, so be sure rain isn’t on the way to allow ample time

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

natural weed control

for the vinegar to set in. Vinegar is fast, powerful and non-selective, so you’ve got to be careful when spraying and applying, so as to not target your prized plants. And while growers will debate and argue over who’s got the most effective recipe, here’s a general one that can be tweaked and experimented with to best kill those darned weeds: half water/half vinegar with a little salt for good measure. Do you have some cornmeal in your kitchen? If not, no worries, it’s cheap and easy to find. Cornmeal also prevents weed seeds from germinating. Your best bet is to wait until after your vegetable seeds have sprouted to make sure the cornmeal doesn’t harm your new plants. Plus it’s great at attracting worms to your soil, which help to loosen it up. Other natural herbicides include boiling water, which is simple and effective—just make sure you’re safe and you don’t douse yourself or the plants you want to keep—and salt is another solution, but this should be carefully applied, as it can kill plant roots and important organisms such as earthworms and fungi. It’s best to use salt on gravelly areas and places where plants aren’t intended to be. And when applying, target the salt and do so sparingly—a spoonful is all that’s needed to kill dandelions and similar weeds. Make sure any runoff isn’t on its way to kill your other plants.

Make a Meal of ‘Em Just because it’s a weed, doesn’t mean it’s without a purpose. Many weeds are native plants that growers can actually enjoy instead of complaining about and ripping from the earth. The reason they thrive and are such a pain to kill is because they’re meant to be there. Luckily for us humans, many weeds have a tasty side. Many edible weeds make a delightful addition to a salad or garnish, or have medicinal uses. Learning to appreciate them is simply a matter of shifting your attitude. So play, have fun, experiment. But do your research first, of course. No one wants to get sick from Mother Nature. There are many weeds that can be chewed, nibbled or made into tea. It’s overwhelming, but here’s a taste: dandelion, red clover, watercress, chickweed, burdock, purslane, lamb’s quarters (wild spinach), kudzu and chicory root. Whether you choose to simply get rid of weeds before they germinate, or you eat them, the above tips will help you ensure, the natural way, that unwanted plants do not choke out your vegetable crop.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

Vinegar is fast, powerful and

non-selective, so you’ve got to be careful when spraying and applying, so as to not target your prized plants.”

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

Algae: Friend or foe?

While we often think of algae as being a bright green growth in a nutrient solution or on substrate surfaces, the huge number of algal species means their appearance can be quite diverse. Algae can range in color from lime green, to a bubbly black, to red, to brown. These organisms might appear as long stringy filaments flowing in the current or as dense fur on the reservoir and growing channel surfaces. On growing media, algae might appear as a green stain on the surface of a substrate, or as thick, gelatinous slime under irrigation drippers. Algae is often accompanied by a smell, particularly as it decomposes, which might be musty or earthy and moldy, and it is well-known for blocking drippers, emitters and other hydroponic equipment.

“Algae are simple, aquatic, plant-like organisms that do not have true roots, stems and leaves.”

What Are Algae? Algae are simple, aquatic, plant-like organisms that do not have true roots, stems and leaves. Since they are a form of plant life, algae need the same basic conditions as higher plants to grow and reproduce— warmth, moisture, nutrients and light. While we can’t exclude the first three conditions for algae growth within a nutrient solution, light is the one thing that can be controlled, making the best form of algae control a lightproof covering over growing channels, reservoirs and covers around the base of plants growing in substrates.

From lime greens, browns and reds, to dense black, algae comes in a range of colors.

Problems That Algae Cause Apart from causing an unsightly mess when uncontrolled growth is present, algae create a number of other problems for the grower. It is not so much that algae mop up nutrients from the solution, but as they bloom, die and decompose, they remove dissolved oxygen from the hydroponic system. This increases the biological oxygen demand of the system and plant roots might suffocate from a lack of dissolved oxygen. Some species of decomposing algae release toxins as they break down, and provide an organic food source for plant pathogenic fungi such as pythium, which might then multiply to high levels in the system.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

“algae might appear as a green stain on the surface of a substrate, or as thick, gelatinous slime under irrigation drippers.”

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

Algae: Friend or foe?

Could Some Algae Be Beneficial? While the negative effects of algae growth in hydroponics are fairly well-known and it is generally accepted as being a nuisance and potentially toxic for plant growth, there is another side to algae that is still under investigation. Certain types of algae can be beneficial. One example of this is the giant brown algae species, also known as seaweed, extracts of which have been developed for horticultural and hydroponic use as plant growth supplements and organic fertilizers. Some researchers have even found that certain algae species release growth promoters in plant cultivation systems. Among these plant growth regulators are auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid and ethylene. Other researchers have found that certain algae can produce anti-fungal and anti-bacterial compounds that might assist with disease prevention in the root zone. These types of trials generally found that while overall heavy algae growth in hydroponics has negative effects on crop growth, there exists the potential to identify certain algae species that produce beneficial compounds and isolate these for use in soilless systems. In the future, we could see extracts from beneficial algae (apart from seaweed products) being a routine supplement in hydroponic nutrient solutions used for plant growth promotion and control of root diseases. Apart from the potential of beneficial growth compounds extracted from some algae, common everyday algae species growing in a hydroponic nutrient solution do in fact give off oxygen during photosynthesis. In heavily populated solutions, small bubbles of oxygen might be seen being

Top left: Long, thin filaments of algae remain attached to the growing channel base. Top right: Dense, black algal growth releasing oxygen bubbles as a result of photosynthesis.

released from the algae under good light conditions. However, while oxygen is released into the nutrient solution by live algae, once algae bloom then die, they then consume dissolved oxygen and can add a large volume of organic carbon into the system, which, in a solution culture, needs to be avoided.

Where Do Algae Come From? Hydroponic gardeners often wonder how this green scourge finds its way into a previously clean system and nutrient solution. Algae are widespread in the natural environment and are an efficient and rapid colonizer anywhere there is moisture, light and nutrients for growth. Algae are common in many water sources such as rivers and streams, ponds, lakes and rainwater storage tanks. Treatment of city water supplies usually destroys most of the algae present, and while that might slow the development of an algae bloom, it only takes one algae spore in the water supply to start an outbreak. Algae spores are everywhere and are usually dispersed in soil or water, or on plant or organic material. They also travel on wind currents, in the air, mixed with dust or are transported via living carriers including insects, animals and humans, thus making them impossible to avoid.

“Certain types of algae can be beneficial. One example of this is the giant brown algae species, also known as seaweed.” 90

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

Algae: Friend or foe?

Algae Control and Prevention Algae can be difficult to control. Prevention via light exclusion from the nutrient solution, reservoirs, growing channels and surfaces of growing media is the main form of defense for most growers and is the most effective. For larger-scale growing beds or containers, a plastic film cover over the substrate and around the base of the plant might be required. Some growing mediums are designed to stay dry on top, which prevents excessive algae growth on the surface. Algae might still be a problem directly under drippers or emitters where light naturally hits the nutrient solution before it flows into the substrate. Complete control over all algae growth in most hydroponic systems can be difficult. Most growers tolerate small amounts of algae in their system, provided it does not become excessive, and this usually causes no problems. When algae growth becomes thick and widespread, the best option is to clean up the whole system after plant removal, and often this requires a good scrub of all surfaces to dislodge stubborn algae, as well as running hydrogen peroxide, chlorine and other sterilization agents through the system, then rinsing well with water before replanting. There is a range of chemical algaecide products that can be added to the nutrient to kill algae; however, since algae is a form of plant life, there is the potential with many of these to damage young or sensitive root systems, so care must be taken with the dose. Algae will regrow quickly after applications of algaecide products, requiring more chemical to get good control. In a European study on algae control in hydroponic systems, a number of products tested for control of algae in nutrient solutions were either totally ineffective in killing algae, or they killed off much of the algae but were also phytotoxic to the plants and caused root damage. It was also found that dosages of 50 ppm of hydrogen peroxide was required to control algae, but this dose was too phytotoxic for young plants, although older plants survived this dose rate. Therefore, careful and selective use of hydrogen peroxide could be used on

“Most growers tolerate small amounts of algae in their system, provided it does not become excessive, and this usually causes no problems.”

Top: Algae on the surface of a rockwool propagation medium. Left: Algae on the surface of perlite substrate creates an unsightly stain.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

Algae: Friend or foe?

“The best form of algae control in hydroponics will always be prevention by the exclusion of light hitting the nutrient solution.”

older, more resistant plants, but since hydrogen peroxide is a biocide, rather than an algaecide, there is always a risk of root damage. Use of UV light sterilization systems to control algae in the nutrient solution has mixed results. While UV treatment will destroy algae spores suspended in, and floating around, the nutrient solution or source water as they flow through the UV sterilizer, algae already growing out in the hydroponic system fixed to channel and reservoir surfaces will not come into contact with the UV light treatment chamber and hence will not be killed. UV doesn’t add any residual killing effect to the solution—it only destroys algae it shines on as the nutrient solution flows past the UV light equipment. Other studies have found organic algae control methods, such as adding certain grapefruit seed extracts at the correct dose rate to the nutrient, will kill algae without harming the plants. This is a method used in drinking water, ponds and lakes, and it appears to work well. However, once the algae have been killed, they will start to decompose and ideally should be filtered out of the nutrient solution. Algae also tend to reoccur a certain time period after treatment. There could be the potential in larger hydroponic reservoirs to use barley straw rafts as a means of algae control, which has been proven to work in ponds, lakes and other waterways for many species of algae. The aerobic decomposition of barley straw releases certain chemicals that prevent the growth of algae. The specific decomposition chemicals have not been identified, but it is suggested these might be oxidized polyphenolics or even hydrogen peroxide.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

Left: Lightproof covers are the best way of preventing algae problems. Right: Sometimes it seems the algae grow faster than the plants.

This process is rather slow and probably not the most convenient for small indoor gardens. It also requires good levels of dissolved oxygen to always be present to allow only aerobic decomposition of the barley straw. There are liquid bottled barley straw extracts on the market that can be used to control algae in fish tanks and ponds and are worth experimenting with in hydroponic systems at low dosages. However, as with any products that rapidly kill algae, if large amounts of algae growth suddenly die off and begin decomposing in the nutrient solution, this lowers the amount of dissolved oxygen present for plant root uptake. Large amounts of dead algae are best manually removed or filtered out after treatment with control products to control the biological oxygen demand in the system. The best form of algae control in hydroponics will always be prevention by the exclusion of light hitting the nutrient solution. Wherever possible, growers should aim for this rather than relying on quick-fix chemical controls.

In Conclusion Small amounts of algae colonizing a hydroponic system are not a threat to plant growth, however unsightly they might look. In the future, growers might even find themselves using different types of algae extract products to boost plant growth and health.

trends and technology

Photography in the by Molly Sweitzer

n e d r a G Observing the plants in your garden closely is key to successful harvests year after year. One way to ensure intimate visuals that you can reference in future years is to take photos.

What sets you apart from other gardeners? What makes your garden more successful? It seems like everyone has their own trick for ultimate harvest triumph, including new compost tea brews, new additives for the feeding program and all sorts of tweaks to the environmental conditions. One of the best tricks for a successful harvest from year to year is simple observation, regardless of the deficiency or problem your garden is experiencing. Spend time with your plants! If you do not monitor your garden, you can miss the subtle warning signs of deficiencies, excess or pest problems. 96

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; February 2014

Taking photos has been a useful tool for my observation process. I have learned a lot of lessons by trial and error from season to season, and photographing my observations has been a great reference in ensuring I do not repeat past mistakes as well as providing information for future garden plans. I prefer to use a simple point and shoot digital camera, rather than the camera on my phone, because of the zoom capabilities. I have gotten the best photographic results with the automatic setting and natural light. It is important – and visually awesome – to see details like pollen grains caught in the fuzzy hair of a bumblebee and the proboscis of a butterfly. It’s amazing how little you can spend on a camera to produce such high-quality photos. I’m sure many readers can agree that at first all plants look the same, but once you spend countless hours observing the leaf or branch pattern, it is easy to differentiate plant varieties. Every second you spend observing your plants brings you closer to understanding their life cycle. As you observe your plants in a healthy ecosystem more and more, when there is a fluctuation in the homeostasis of your garden you will notice it immediately and be able to adjust accordingly. Observing your plants doesn’t always have to focus on increasing yields and preventing problems. Take a moment to enjoy the beauty of your garden—you will be surprised at the results! When I’m in my garden, I feel like I’m in a botanical Willy Wonka Land with giant zinnias, gladiolas, blooming brugmansia and nicotiana covered in aphids that are being farmed by ants, which are competing with the aphid-eating ladybugs. There are crab spiders perched on pale pink roses waiting motionless for unsuspecting prey and miniscule insect eggs on the underside of a single chamomile head. These somewhat insignificant observations result in pretty cool photos, but also provide a visual documentation of my garden and the health of my ecosystem. One of my favorite gardening quotes is “A gardener’s shadow is the best fertilizer.” Undoubtedly this quality garden time— monitoring, observing and documenting—will result in a productive, healthy ecosystem that will give you an edge on your competition. As your garden grows, so does your knowledge base for botany, and this will always keep you one step ahead of your fellow gardeners.

Take a moment to enjoy the beauty of your garden—you will be surprised at the results!”

Molly Sweitzer has a B.F.A. and B.S. from Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, and most recently studied life in the soil with Dr. Elaine Ingham at the Rodale Institute. Currently Molly works as the manager of the Companion Plant in Kutztown, Pennsylvania, and is the owner of Molly Pollen Botanical Design. Photos (above) by Molly Sweitzer.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

by Eric Hopper

Analyzing

Nutrient Film Technique Nutrient film technique is one of the systems gardeners use to grow plants hydroponically. But how and when should this type of system be used?

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; February 2014

Analyzing nft Indoor horticulturists are now able to choose from a number of different hydroponic systems. Each system has its own advantages and disadvantages, but all aim to produce the same result: accelerated, healthy plant growth. A close examination of a hydroponic system is a great way for growers to determine if that particular system is a good fit for their personal goals and physical space/environment. By dissecting all the components that make up a nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic system, growers can not only gain knowledge about the way this system functions but also if, and when, NFT is a practical system for their gardening needs.

The NFT Hydroponic System The idea behind an NFT system is to supply the plant’s roots with a continuous flow of nutrient solution through a series of trays or gutters. Some NFT systems are comprised of a single tray or gutter while others are made up of a series of each. To create a film of nutrient solution, these systems use a pump to deliver nutrients from a reservoir to the tray or gutter located at the highest point in the system. The trays or gutters are positioned at a slight angle to allow gravity to return the nutrient solution to the reservoir or the subsequent tray or gutter. Although virtually any gardener can set up an NFT system, particular aspects, such as the size and shape of the trays or gutters, the pump size and location, the nutrient regimen and the particular crop should receive careful consideration. These are all pivotal factors to an NFT system’s success or failure.

100

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

Analyzing nft

The Trays or Gutters The ideal NFT system uses trays or gutters with completely flat bottoms to allow for the film of nutrients to develop. The flatter the surface, the larger the surface area that can be covered in a nutrient film which, in turn, gives a larger surface area for the plant’s roots to feed. The larger the surface area of nutrient film, the larger the exposure to air around the root mass. A high air-to-nutrient ratio creates the perfect environment for stimulating root growth. Tubes (like PVC piping) or trays with ribbed or shaped bottoms are generally not the best choices for NFT systems. The water will pool, which minimizes the surface area of the nutrient solution, thus lowering the air-to-nutrient film ratio.

The Pump The key to a properly operating NFT system is the flow of nutrient solution. To figure out what size pump is needed, the grower must first determine the necessary head height. A pump’s head height is the maximum height to which liquid can be delivered. For example, if a pump’s head height is 4 ft. then it has the capability of delivering liquid 4 ft. vertically. Above 4 ft. and that particular pump would no longer be able to deliver liquid because the weight of the liquid itself becomes greater than the forces attempting to push it. To determine the needed head height of the pump for an NFT system, a grower should measure vertically from where the pump will sit in the reservoir to the point of delivery. Add about 20% to your needed head height measurement to ensure your pump will be able to do the job. It is always better to have a pump that is slightly overpowered rather than one that is underpowered. Once you have determined

The key

to a properly operating NFT system is the flow of nutrient solution.”

102

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

the necessary head height, you can purchase a pump for your system. Because NFT systems do not require a large volume of water flow, it is best to choose the pump with a maximum head height closest to your measurement without being under. Head height and GPH (gallons per hour) should not be confused, although as one increases, in most cases, so does the other. Growers using NFT systems should choose the pump with the lowest GPH that still meets the minimum requirement for head height. Once the pump has been chosen, the grower can start to modify the flow to create the perfect film in the gutters or trays. There are a few ways a grower can control this but the easiest and most precise is to use a pump that has an adjustable flow rate. Pumps with adjustable flow rates are perfect for NFT systems. They allow the grower to adjust the flow directly from the source—the pump. Another effective way to control the flow in an NFT system is an inline valve connected at the point of delivery. An inline valve at the point of delivery and a pump with an adjustable flow rate are the ultimate combination for controlling the nutrient film. Once the system is in place and the pump is adjusted, a continuous film of nutrient solution should cascade down the trays or gutters. It is important to remember that as the plants grow in the system, it may be necessary to make slight adjustments to the flow rate. It is always good to monitor the last tray or gutter in the system to ensure it is still receiving adequate nutrient solution once the plants have become established.

Analyzing nft

The Reservoir As with any hydroponic system, the reservoir of an NFT system needs to have a consistent temperature and be well aerated. Water chillers and submersible titanium heaters are great ways to manage temperature fluctuations in any hydroponic reservoir. One big advantage of an NFT system is that since the nutrient solution is continuously flowing and returning to the reservoir, there is usually enough circulation to make additional aeration unnecessary. This is especially true in NFT systems where the return line is raised above the water’s surface in the reservoir. As the water falls back into the reservoir it breaks up the water’s surface tension and the water becomes aerated. To ensure their reservoirs receive maximum aeration at all times, some NFT gardeners like to add additional air via an air pump and air stones.

The Crop While other hydroponic systems are compatible with most crops, NFT systems are most compatible with vegetative crops like lettuce. Fruiting or flowering plants, aside from a few exceptions, perform better when there isn’t constant moisture available. This is why most commercial hydroponic tomato and pepper growers

104

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

use stonewool or some other medium capable of drying completely between waterings. Before attempting an NFT system with any fruiting or flowering plants, growers should research how compatible those plants are with this type of system. One solution hobby growers have found is to use two hydroponic systems in the garden: one for vegetative growth and the other for fruiting or flowering. NFT makes a great candidate for the vegetative growth as long as the plants are transplanted before the roots become entangled to the point where untangling them would cause severe stress. For a transplant between hydroponic systems to be practical, the plant container used must be transferable between both systems. I have seen some impressive indoor gardens where the grower used 4- or 6-in. net pots in an NFT system for vegetative growth and then transferred them into 5-gal. buckets in a deep water culture (DWC) system for fruiting or flowering. The other consideration regarding the type of crop grown in an NFT system is the size of the plants. Lettuce and leafy greens or other plants that can be grown in a sea-of-green-style garden are better suited for NFT than corn, beans, tomatoes or other plants grown to larger sizes. This is mainly because of the root mass

NFT

systems are most compatible with vegetative crops like lettuce.”

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

105

Analyzing nft

NFT

systems are easily customizable to any shape or style of garden.” issue associated with large plants in a NFT system. Since the roots tend to follow the flow of the nutrients and large plants tend to have large root masses, you can imagine some of the troubles this could cause. Intertwining of root masses is fairly normal in NFT systems, but if the plants get too large they can actually cause damage to each other and potentially clog or disrupt the flow of nutrients through the trays or gutters. Generally speaking, it is best to avoid this method if growing ginormous plants is your goal.

The Nutrients Any soluble hydroponic nutrient regiment is compatible with an NFT system, but many NFT growers prefer nutrients that tend to leave less residue behind. Generally speaking, the highly concentrated powder fertilizers tend to leave excess salt build-up in NFT systems and should be used with caution. Because the roots are literally lying in the nutrient film, they are more susceptible to nutrient lockout by way of excess salt accumulation. Flushing the NFT system at transitional periods is highly recommended. It is also wise for NFT growers to flush the system a minimum of 10 days before harvest.

Overall Advantages The overall advantages of NFT hydroponic systems include the efficiency of nutrient delivery, continuously available nutrition and automatic circulation and aeration of the nutrient solution. These systems are also some of the least expensive to set up and maintain, are perfectly suited for

106

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

sea-of-green-style growing and allow for fast crop rotations. NFT systems are easily customizable to any shape or style of garden, which means the sky is the limit when it comes to room and lighting configurations.

Overall Disadvantages The main disadvantage of the NFT system is the limited space for the root mass. This, in turn, limits the size of the plants that can be grown in the system. The continued delivery of moisture is advantageous during vegetative growth but can cause less-than-optimal growth for some fruiting or flowering plants.

The Future of NFT NFT systems are still widely used by both commercial and hobbyist horticulturists. Although the commercial use of NFT is focused on leafy greens and vegetative crops, hobby growers are still discovering new ways to make NFT work for them. Some indoor growers have had great success with NFT systems and sea-of-green-style gardens while others use it for fast vegetative growth and then transfer the plants to a different hydroponic system for fruiting or flowering. Whether it is used exclusively or in conjunction with another hydroponic system, it is safe to say NFT will continue to have a place in the future of hydroponics and indoor horticulture.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

107

Tips and tricks

g n i n e d r a G s e t o N

by Grubbycup

Taking some notes in the growroom allows gardeners to determine what to plant again and what to skip in the future, as Grubbycup explains.

Spring is just a couple of months away, and the cooler winter months are a good time to assess what worked (and what didn’t) in last season’s garden. One helpful tool in assessing the success of a garden is to consult the diligently recorded notes that were taken, if they were taken. If they weren’t taken, consider taking some for this next season. Why keep gardening notes? Because some of the details, such as exact planting dates, are difficult to remember accurately for several months. Writing down such information at the time keeps a written record that can be referenced in the future. 108

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

Since I often start my plants in plastic cups, I write some of the information directly on the sprouting containers. When I transplant to a larger container, I either transfer the information or tear off the label section of the cup and keep it as a marker in the new pot. How much data to track is up to the individual gardener, but at a minimum, I record the variety, planting date and, for dioecious plants that have male (staminate) and female (carpellate) flowers on different plants, gender when known.

Knowing the variety of plant grown can be valuable in case it does well, so you know to grow it again, or if it does not, so you don’t. Having a list of your preferred varieties is helpful when selecting new things to try. For example, I like the tomato varieties black krim and big rainbow, so I may want to try similar tomato varieties such as Cherokee purple and hillbilly. Planting dates are also useful pieces of data to collect. Most seeds will list days to maturity, and if the planting date is known, the harvest date can be estimated. This can become important when the number of days until harvest is close to the length of the growing season. Plants started too late in the season to reach maturity before the winter chill can be noted and started earlier the following year. Planting dates are also important when calculating garden performance. As long as the planting date is known, it can be subtracted from the harvest date, giving as a result the actual number of days the plant required to reach harvest. The harvest weight in ounces is divided by the number of days, which gives the ounces per day rate. For example, if a plant takes 90 days to produce 20 oz. of harvested material, the plant’s ounces per day rate is about 0.22. If the same plant produced 10 oz. instead, the daily rate would be about 0.11. One benefit to using this to calculate performance is that growing seasons of different lengths can be compared, which can be particularly useful when dealing with indoor gardens.

ill list w s d e se “Most y, and t i r u t a m days to nting date is pla date t s if the e v r a the h , n w o n ated.” k m i t s e can be

“Knowing th e variety of plant gro wn can be valuable in c ase it does well, so you know to grow it again , or if it does not, so you don't.”

Dioecious plants have male (staminate) plants and female (carpellate) plants. Male plants supply the pollen, and female plants produce seeds. If seeds are not desired, then staminate plants can be removed when they declare gender, and even if seeds are required, a single (or few) male plants can pollinate several female plants. In general, plants grown from seedlings must be allowed to begin flowering to determine gender, but cuttings taken from a plant will all share the same sex with the donating (mother) plant. For the more detail oriented, other factors can be recorded as well, including environmental data such as humidity and temperature, pH and amounts of fertilizers added. Even material, electric and nutrient costs can be calculated as a daily expense rate and compared to production. Taking notes may not be the most glamorous part of gardening, but they can improve a garden by a measurable amount—you’d have to take notes to be able to tell exactly by how much. Grubbycup has been an avid indoor gardener for more than 20 years. His articles were first published in the United Kingdom, and since then his gardening advice has been published in French, Spanish, Italian, Polish, Czechoslovakian and German. He is also considered one of the world’s leading authorities on crochet hydroponics. Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

109

s Plant c i s Ba Diseases: of

Part One

by Dr. Robert G. Linderman

Almost everyone who grows plants, whether for their own enjoyment or professionally, will encounter plant disease problems at some point. Dr. Robert G. Linderman starts his three-part series on the basics of plant diseases by helping growers recognize signs and symptoms and diagnose problems. 110

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; February 2014

basics of plant diseases

In my experience, many people who grow plants, whether for food, pleasure or profit, often see problems with their plants showing poor growth, blemishes on leaves, dead or dying branches, or outright plant death. When that happens, the following questions come to mind: “What is causing the problem? Where did it come from? How do I get rid of it? And, how can I prevent it from happening again?” As a plant pathologist for many moons, I have asked these questions privately for my own plants, grown for food and landscape beauty, and professionally for commercial nurseries and farmers. As gardeners, both outdoors and indoors, I judge that most of you have asked these questions, too. In this series of articles, I will present the basics of plant diseases in hopes that you can better address any disease problems that may crop up with your plants. This first installment will focus on how to determine whether the problem you observe is either an infectious disease or a non-infectious problem brought on by some growth factor in your soil or growing environment.

Signs and Symptoms When you suspect something is wrong with the way your plants are growing, the first step in diagnosing the problem is to characterize the symptoms you see. Symptoms may be localized, such as leaf spots, or systemic, such as stunting or off-color foliage. In my experience, stunting can be a general response to a weakened root system that is not functioning to capacity. Examination of the root system may reveal that many of the roots are brown and dead-looking instead of white and robust. Thus, the problem may be localized in the roots but causing stunting of the aboveground part of the plant. Another thing to consider is whether all the plants exhibit the same symptoms or only a few here and there. If the latter is the case, I usually try to determine what is different between the sick and the healthy plants.

Below: For an infectious disease to occur, three fundamental elements are required: a susceptible plant, a pathogen capable of causing disease and a favorable environment.

= infectious disease

“When you suspect something

pa th

The Disease Triangle For an infectious disease to occur, three fundamental elements are required: a susceptible plant, a pathogen capable of causing disease and a favorable environment. If any of these elements are missing, no infectious disease occurs. On the other hand, if no pathogenic agent is present, but the plants exhibit symptoms such as poor growth or yellow or necrotic leaves, and those symptoms occur on most of the plants, then a non-infectious disease is likely.

Above: Root rot on a juniper plant that diminishes root function, causing discoloration of the aboveground plant by limiting water and nutrient uptake.

host

is wrong with the way your plants are growing, the first step in diagnosing the problem is to characterize the symptoms you see.”

112

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

basics of plant diseases

“The wilt diseases,

caused by either fungi or bacteria, enter the roots and grow into the vascular system-the water and nutrient-conducting cells.” If the symptoms you observe are on young seedlings that came up and then fell over (called damping-off), or the seeds never germinated in the first place (called pre-emergence dampingoff), you should see that as a sign of an infectious agent that attacks seeds or young seedlings. If the plant suddenly wilted and died after growing for a while, then you should consider other so-called wilt or root rot diseases. Sometimes the foliage exhibits some changes in coloration or some twisting or other deformation of the foliage. The color pattern may be a mosaic of green and yellow, or some other symptom, such as a leaf mottling or streaking, often occurring with most of

“Virus disease symptoms may

be confused with those caused by nutrient deficiencies.”

114

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

the plants. This suggests the possibility that the causal agent is inside and throughout the plant, and that the disease is caused by a virus. Virus disease symptoms may be confused with those caused by nutrient deficiencies. Where plants are close to each other, such as in lawns, the disease may occur on multiple plants and appear to be spreading from one plant to its neighbors. In examples involving turf grass, the plants are very close and symptoms will be expressed by the group of plants. When individual plants suddenly wilt in spite of the soil being adequately irrigated, one might suspect that the plant contracted a disease from the soil. The wilt diseases, caused by either fungi or bacteria, enter the roots and grow into the vascular system—the water and nutrientconducting cells. The pathogen can grow up the vascular cells and build a blockage that impairs movement of water up from the soil into the plant. Generally, individual plants exhibit wilt symptoms unless the pathogen has been well dispersed in the planting soil and infects multiple plants.

Mosaic disease on the leaf of a cucumber plant, caused by the cucumber mosaic virus.

A patch of turf grass where multiple plants are showing the signs and symptoms of a disease, compared to the healthy plants surrounding the patches.

basics of plant diseases Such wilt diseases are unlikely to occur in soilless media where the pathogen would not be present. In a few plants that we know of, the pathogen is seed-borne, including spinach and basil.

Diagnosing Problems from Symptoms and More Diagnosing a plant problem may be done based on symptoms alone in some cases. Take the fusarium wilt disease, for example: a single tomato plant in your garden suddenly wilts in spite of adequate irrigation. Sometimes the wilting occurs on only one side of the plant and if you slice downward into the stem of that branch, you may see brown streaks, which could indicate a vascular wilt disease. A cross section of the stem might also show the browning in spots. Most tomato plants from nurseries have built-in resistance to fusarium wilt, but you may be growing an older variety that does not have that resistance. Sending your wilted tomato to a diagnostic lab where the pathogen can be isolated and identified would be the clincher in diagnosis. What if your plant wilts, but there are no tell-tale symptoms in the stems that would point to fusarium wilt? Check the roots and see if they look healthy or diseased. If enough of the roots look rotten, that may be enough impaired root function to cause the plant to wilt when water becomes limited. If the roots look good, then the cause may be due to some cultural problem, such as too little water. On a side note, it is well known that plants that have mycorrhizal fungi in their roots can withstand soil drought much better than plants without. Root examination might also reveal that the roots are not so brown, but they have swollen areas or knots on them. That would be a tell-tale sign the plant has root knot nematode infection. Nematodes are tiny worms that infect the roots to complete their life cycle, and in so doing, disrupt the root function enough to cause stunting and even wilt. Take another example like tomato leaf spot. Your tomato plants looked good in the early part of the growing

116

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

season, but then spots started to appear on the leaves. You are sure your overhead sprinkler system is working to keep the plants well watered, but the disease continues to spread to more leaves as the plants grow—and it is spreading fast. Your plants could have fungal leaf spot caused by the fungus septoria. When leaves become infected, the fungus produces many new spores that splash onto other leaves when the sprinklers come on. The spores germinate, penetrate the leaf tissue and begin to kill the cells. Eventually the tomato fruit will also have those spots. This disease is on a rampage, and only two things will slow it down. First of all, change your irrigation system from overhead sprinklers, as standing water on the leaves allows the spores to germinate and begin infection.

Wilt of a tomato plant caused by the fungal pathogen fusarium. Left: foliage wilt symptoms. Center: vascular browning that blocks water transport. Right: Cross section of infected stem showing brown vascular tissue where water transport is impaired.

“If enough of the roots

look rotten, that may be enough impaired root function to cause the plant to wilt when water becomes limited.”

basics of plant diseases

“Some foliar diseases

are obvious when you see symptoms of infected leaves compared to non-infected leaves.”

Keeping leaves dry during the day will stop those new infections. Next year, or next time you start a tomato plant, avoid overhead irrigation. Secondly, clean up all of the fallen, infected leaves on the ground as they will be the source of next year’s infection. Some foliar diseases are obvious when you see symptoms of infected leaves compared to non-infected leaves. For example, some maple trees grown in landscapes are susceptible to powdery mildew. This fungus disease causes superficial infections on leaves, but the tell-tale symptom is the production of white, powdery masses of spores on the infections. Some infected landscape plants, however, lack the abundant sporulation that would distinguish the problem as powdery mildew. The powdery mildew pathogen, and some other diseases caused by fungi, such as rusts and downey mildew, cannot be cultured in the lab, so diagnosis has to be done by symptoms alone and observing spore production under the microscope. So, what if your plants do not exhibit any of the tell-tale symptoms discussed above? Perhaps most of your plants show the same stunting or yellowing discoloration, or maybe the plants are still green but are not growing as well as you would like. Assuming there have been no environmental extremes, one should consider irrigation and watering practices. Over-watering can damage the roots enough to impair their function; under-watering can simply cause the plant to experience drought stress. During drought stress periods, plants are not able to function well, and growth can be slowed as a result. What about fertilization? Too little fertility in the soils could deprive the plant of needed nutrients. For example, the needed phosphorus in

118

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

many soils is unavailable because it is bound to clay particles or has formed an insoluble precipitate. That means phosphorus is immobile in the soil. Once again, the solution is to add more fertilizer to meet your plants’ needs, or inoculate your plants with mycorrhizal fungi at planting. These symbiotic fungi colonize roots and help the plant acquire phosphorus from more distant places and pipe it back to the plant.

Left: Powdery mildew on maple leaves. Right: Septoria leaf spot on a tomato plant.

Next time The next installment of this series on plant diseases will discuss the pathogens themselves. Pathogens are grouped as fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes, and I will describe the life cycles of these agents with enough detail for you to get a sense of the enemy and its potential to cause plant diseases. The most likely pathogens to cause diseases in gardens are fungi or bacteria.

“Over-watering can damage

the roots enough to impair their function; under-watering can simply cause the plant to experience drought stress.”

Understanding Microbial Activity in Plant Rooting Media by Dr. J. Benton Jones, Jr.

Microbial activity involving bacteria and fungi in a rooting medium, whether it is soil or a soilless organic mix, has important implications on plant growth.

120

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; February 2014

Microbial activity requires three things to be present: microbes such as bacteria and fungi, a suitable energy (food) source and sufficient essential plant nutrient elements, particularly nitrogen. In addition, pH, temperature, moisture content and level of aeration will determine the degree of microbial activity. These physiochemical factors will determine which micro-organisms will exist and at what levels. In the following examples, it is assumed that the abovelisted parameters are optimal for active microbial activity. The one exception might be pH, which can affect the level of either bacterial or fungal activity, with acidic conditions favoring bacteria and neutral to alkaline conditions favoring fungal activity. One can take a moderately fertile rooting medium and add a carbohydrate substrate, such as molasses, and the evolving CO2 created by microbial activity will last until either the added substrate is totally consumed, or one of the essential plant nutrient elements becomes insufficient. At that point, microbial activity will subside, or may even totally cease. In a nitrogen-deficient rooting media, following the addition of a carbohydrate substrate, there will be little stimulus in microbial activity until nitrogen is added, ideally in an easily available form, such as ammonium nitrate. Depending on the amount of nitrogen added, the level of microbial activity will continue until either the energy source is depleted or nitrogen is used up.

The level

of microbial activity in a rooting medium is determined by the available energy supply necessary for the micro-organisms to function and multiply.â&#x20AC;?

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; February 2014

121

Understanding Microbial Activity

of an energy source. Adding a composted material to the soil Repeat the above experiment, will not stimulate increased microbial activity since composts replacing the mineral nitrogen are the end product of microbial decomposition devoid source with an organic nitrogen of substances that would serve as an energy source. source at the same total nitroInoculating a rooting medium with either gen application rate, and bacteria or fungi, or a mixture of both, will there will be little microbial not create microbial activity, unless the activity as microbes require rooting medium contains an energy a soluble nitrogen source source. There is also what is to function. It could be that known as an intensity factor that even over an extended period needs to be taken into considof time, the organic nitrogeneration when adding compost, containing substance may a composted material to the energy source or inoculum to not be easily decomposed a rooting medium in terms of since the level of microbial soil will not stimulate increased what already exists and what activity is low due to nitromicrobial activity since composts is being added, for it is the gen deficiency. However, if intensity added that deterthere is some mineral form are the end product of microbial mines the effect. of nitrogen in the organic decomposition, devoid of All micro-organisms in a substance, microbial activity rooting medium are competing will occur, and depending on substances that would serve as for the same essential nutrient the level of activity, decomposian energy source.â&#x20AC;? elements as the plant, so their tion of the organic substance will active presence can result in begin to occur, the extent dependa plant nutrient element ing on the quantity of the energy deficiency. A good illustrasource and available nitrogen. tive example is what can Such studies need to be conducted to happen when wheat straw determine what level of microbial activity is plowed under followed by does occur if the source of an essential plant the planting of corn with a nutrient element, particularly nitrogen, is as high nitrogen requirement. The an organic form. In addition, the level of microwheat straw becomes an energy bial activity in a rooting medium is determined by source for soil micro-organisms, the available energy supply necessary for the microwhich will then absorb much, if not all, organisms to function and multiply. When plants are of the available nitrogen from the soil, being grown in a rooting medium, the root itself can be the leaving little for the emerging corn plants. source for energy substances, which then gives rise to what The result can be a severe nitrogen deficiency. Therefore, is referred to as the rhizosphere, a narrow cylindrical zone farmers are advised to add a fertilizer source of nitrogen, sufaround the plant root where there exists an active microbial ficient to provide adequate nitrogen for both the corn plants population. This is not the case in the whole soil, which and micro-organisms. might be essentially sterile by comparison because of the lack

Adding

122

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; February 2014

Understanding Microbial Activity

Microbial activity in a rooting medium is determined Microbial species found by a complexity of interacting factors. The in a rooting medium are results from the addition of a compost, primarily determined by energy-type substance and bacteria-fungi the plant species growing inoculum, whether singularly or in combiin the rooting medium, nation, will not always give consistent since it is the organic subresults without considering those stances sloughed off plant roots that factors that determine what can are the primary energy source. occur—both beneficial and detPopulations will be significantly rimental. Trying to manipulate affected by whether the growmicrobial populations and ing system is a monoculture species found in a rooting their activity can be ineffecor a mix of plant species tive in terms of changing the growing together or being medium are primarily determined fertility status of a rooting rotated. In the monoculture by the plant species growing in medium when applying an of field crops, such as corn, organic-bound plant nutrisoybeans and wheat, there the rooting medium, since it is the ent element source to sustain will be few microbial species organic substances sloughed off plant growth when meeting existing at fairly high poputhe requirement for an lations, while in a rotational plant roots that are the primary organically-grown designation. culture system, there will be a energy source.” wide range of microbial species Let’s Talk Organic in relatively low populations. In a After conversing with a gardener monoculture growing system, microbial wanting to grow organically a while ago, activity can be potentially pathogenic to the it became evident to me that any gardener growing plants. It is recommended that who wishes to grow organically needs to plants be grown in rotation, whether have some degree of understanding of in the field or in the home garden. soil microbiology and the biochemical Farmers attempting to re-establish an characteristics of those organic sources alfalfa stand by reseeding into an already selected for supplying the essential plant existing alfalfa field will not be successful since nutrient elements. Without either, it would be difficult to existing microbes in the soil will be pathogenic make those determinations essential for success. to the newly germinating seedlings.

Microbial

124

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

Understanding Microbial Activity Many believe the soil is a cauldron of microbiological activity. However, soil tends to be essentially sterile, with the area around plant roots, known as the rhizosphere, being the place where there is active microbiological activity. If one wishes to stimulate active microbiological activity in the whole soil, one ought to turn under a cover crop, sometimes referred to as a green manure crop, and the microorganisms around the plant roots will use the turned under fresh plant vegetative material as an energy (food) source to multiply and function. However, when the foodenergy source is exhausted, the micro-organisms will die and the soil will become relatively sterile again.

126

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

The bio-degradability of added organic materials for supplying essential plant nutrient elements is essential information since some sources may be quite stable and therefore will remain in the soil intact for long periods of time. Adding a food-energy source for those micro-organisms present in the soil might be of limited benefit in terms of their ability to stimulate decomposing of other organic substances that have been added to the soil. It is fresh organic materials, such as uncomposted animal manure and fresh plant debris—not dead plant tissue or composts—that will provide the foodenergy source needed by soil micro-organisms to function. Any composted material will not stimulate microbiological activity as all of the food-energy materials will have been exhausted in the composting process. Adding microorganisms to the soil will be of no benefit if there isn’t a food energy source available for them in order to survive and function. That may mean adding the organisms plus a food energy source, hoping that the combination fits the requirements. In addition, whatever microbiological activity that occurs may be with the added food energy source and not involving other organic substances in the soil. In addition, the microbiological activity may be competitive, thereby reducing plant growth for lack of sufficient essential plant nutrient elements that are being used by the micro-organisms. It is not uncommon for plants to be nitrogen deficient when there is active microbiological

Many believe

the soil is a cauldron of microbiological activity. However, soil tends to be essentially sterile.”

activity in the rooting medium—the degree of deficiency related to the available nitrogen supply within the rooting medium. A colleague and I once worked for more than two years trying to grow greenhouse tomatoes organically, searching for organic sources of the essential plant nutrient elements that would provide what was needed to promote sustained plant growth and fruit yield. We were unable to find an organic material as a source for nitrogen that would supply that level of required nitrogen necessary to sustain plant growth and fruit yield. We abandoned the project. For those growing plants hydroponically, adding an organic substance to the nutrient solution is an open invitation for the potential occurrence of root disease. Anyone who has dealt with the root disease pythium can attest to its occurrence being ushered in when there is an accumulation of organic substances in the applied nutrient solution. For the grower reusing a nutrient solution, removing the suspended organic materials by filtering, followed by sterilization, are essential steps to prevent pythium invasion. So, adding back an organic substance might defeat the filtering and sterilization steps, opening the nutrient solution to disease. Those who see the advantage in having some level of organic substances, such as humic acid and other similar substances, in the rooting medium would expect to find that best plant growth should occur with the use of a soilless organic rooting medium that contains peat moss, or other similar substances or composts, as these materials are good sources for humic acid and similar compounds. There is no evidence that plant growth is enhanced when using such a rooting medium as compared to other media. So, the question is, why would the inclusion of humic acid or other similar substances added to a rooting medium enhance plant growth when, occurring naturally, it doesn’t enhance plant growth? For the organic grower, there is much that needs to be known about the rooting medium selected and the bio-chemical characteristics of substances being recommended, pertaining to their potential benefit to plant growth. For the soil grower, knowledge of the biological physio-chemical characteristics of the soil needs to be present so that when additions are made, whether organic or inorganic, one can anticipate the effects on plant growth, either beneficial, of no effect or detrimental. Presently, much of the talk about organics is more speculation than fact.

................................................................................ Feeling overwhelmed by the buzz word organic? Be sure to ask an indoor gardening retailer on what’s working the best for them, or ask an expert by emailing editor@maximumyield.com

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

127

avant gardening

Learn More About Chitting Potatoes and Proper Fungicide Application Techniques

by Heather Rhoades Wishing you could get your potatoes harvested a little earlier? If you try chitting potatoes, or sprouting seed potatoes before you plant them, you can harvest your potatoes up to three weeks earlier. Sprouting potatoes before planting can also help you if you have trouble getting your potatoes to reach maturity in your area. Read on to find tips for sprouting potatoes before planting in the ground.

128

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; February 2014

What Potatoes Need to Sprout Potatoes are a little like seedlings in that they need light to grow. But, unlike seedlings, they do not need a growing medium like soil to sprout. All you need for sprouting seed potatoes is the seed potatoes and a bright window or a fluorescent lamp.

How to Sprout Potatoes Before Planting You will start sprouting potatoes three to four weeks before planting. Buy your seed potatoes from a reputable seed seller. While you can sprout potatoes that are from the grocery store, grocery store potatoes might have diseases that will kill the plant. It is best to grow seed potatoes that have been treated to prevent these diseases. The next step in sprouting or chitting potatoes is to place the potatoes in a bright location. A sunny window or under a fluorescent lamp are excellent choices for this. To keep the sprouting seed potatoes from rolling around, some people place the potatoes in an open egg carton. This will keep the potatoes stable and still so that their fragile sprouts do not get broken. In about a week, you should see signs that the potatoes are sprouting. After three to four weeks, you can plant the fully sprouted potatoes the same way you would plant un-sprouted potatoes. Just make sure you plant the seed potatoes with the sprouts facing up and be careful not to break the sprouts off while you are planting them. Now that you know how to sprout a potato, you can enjoy your potato harvest a little earlier this year. Sprouting potatoes

early, also known as chitting potatoes, can be useful in the garden. Once you’re growing, consider the following fungicide tips to prevent problems while growing potatoes.

Fungicide for Seed Potatoes One of the biggest problems one encounters growing potatoes in the garden is the possibility of fungus forming on the potatoes. Whether it be late blight fungus, which was responsible for the Irish Potato Famine, or early blight, which can be just as devastating to a potato plant, potato fungus can destroy your potato plants. But, when you use fungicide for seed potatoes, you can greatly reduce your chances of fungus on your potatoes.

Causes of Fungus on Potatoes The appearance of potato fungus mainly happens because of infected seed potatoes, or planting in infected soil. Most potato fungi not only attack potatoes, but can also survive on (though might not kill) other plants in the nightshade family, such as tomatoes and peppers.

Using Potato Fungicides to Control Fungus on Potatoes An excellent way to prevent blight fungus on your potatoes is to make sure to treat your seed potatoes with a fungicide before you plant them. Though there are many potato specific fungicides available in the gardening market, in actuality, most general fungicides will work just as well. After you have cut up your seed potato, thoroughly coat each piece in the fungicide. This will help to kill any potato fungus that might be on the seed potato pieces. You will also want to treat the soil that you will be planting the potatoes in, especially if you have had fungus problems on potatoes in the past or have grown other members of the nightshade family, (which might carry potato fungus) in that spot before. To treat the soil where you will eventually be planting your potatoes, pour fungicide evenly over the area and mix it into the soil.

Making Homemade Fungicide for Seed Potatoes This is a homemade potato fungicide recipe. This potato fungicide will be effective against weaker potato fungi, but might not be as effective against stronger strains of late potato blight.

• 2 tbsp. of baking soda • ½ tsp. cooking oil (or bleach-free liquid soap) • 1 gal. water Mix all ingredients thoroughly. Use as you would a commercial potato fungicide.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

129

Biosecurity Basics:

A Bit Beyond Sanitation by Donald Lester

A lot has been said about how important it is to sanitize a growroom to keep problems at bay. Here are five ways to implement a biosecurity mindset to make your next garden even more secure from disaster.

130

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; February 2014

Biosecurity Basics When we speak of biosecurity, we generally think about protecting our society against biological attack from other countries, or even terrorists. But in the context of growing, biosecurity is the exclusion (not sanitation) of disease-causing organisms that can destroy an operation. Biosecurity is a larger issue than a normal sanitation program. Biosecurity looks at controlling sources of disease from outside of a facility rather than simply cleaning up equipment and work surfaces. As the old saying goes, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. Sanitation works within a facility. Biosecurity is an extra ring of protection outside of the facility. Indoor growing systems are touted as being more immune from disease, especially soilless systems, because growers have effectively cut out the possibility of infection by removing the soil, as a large number of diseases are soil-borne. However, once a room is sterilized and operating, disease-causing organisms can gain entry via avenues a grower probably did not anticipate. Organisms can hitchhike into a facility in many ways. Bacteria travel and live primarily in water. This makes bacteria especially troublesome in hydroponic and aquaponic environments. Whatever you can do to keep bacteria from entering your water system will save you from tremendous headaches and loss. Fungi spores can be moved in many ways as well—carried by people or animals, moved into a facility in soil or by bringing in infected plant material. For example, let’s say a delivery truck has been driving around in an infected field before it comes to a facility to drop off supplies. The supplies might be perfectly fine, but what about the

132

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

pathogen-infested mud that falls off of the truck and is tracked into a facility by workers? Have a plan to make the trucks deliver products away from the main entry point. There are many things you can do to make your operation more insulated from disease-causing organisms. Here are five key areas:

Limit Visitors

Do not allow tours of the facility. It is easy to have a soft spot for school children who want a field trip, or curious relatives who want a guided tour. Don’t do it. Put in windows that visitors can look through. Tire

“Biosecurity looks at controlling sources of disease from outside of a facility rather than simply cleaning up equipment and work surfaces.” shops and other industries use viewing windows in their operations because of insurance and liability concerns so customers are used to this type of restriction on tours. Visitors often want to touch everything and this is how diseases are transferred. In aquaponic operations, fish will often get spooked by visitors and some will even jump out of the tank onto the floor. Banging on the tanks, flash photography and even splashing the water can cause fish to panic. Fish, like any other animal grown for meat, will lose weight if spooked or stressed too much. And it is not rare to see fish jump out of the tank when they are spooked. It is natural for people to want to pick up a fish and put it back into the tank. If they did this at another facility before coming to yours, you can be asking for trouble. Never give tours to other people in the business. Their standards of cleanliness might not match your own. Another example is the visitor who smokes and rolls his own tobacco. He can inadvertently transmit tobacco mosaic virus to your tomatoes. Tobacco mosaic virus is easily spread by direct contact with tobacco products on the hands, clothing and tools of those who have handled tobacco products. All of these problems can be avoided by using visitor windows for viewing the facility.

Hygiene Protocols

Have workers frequently wash their hands and dip their shoes in sterilizing solution before entering the facility. Have everyone working there change clothes before each work day so as not to spread disease that might have hitched a ride on clothes. Because densities of plants and fish are so much higher in indoor operations, this makes the spread of disease faster and potentially more catastrophic.

Look Outside

Control the weeds and vegetation around the facility. Oftentimes diseases, insects and even rodents live on weeds and secondary hosts and then move into the facility when their food sources start to diminish or the weather turns cold.

Watch the Water

Have a secure source of water. Know the chemical analysis of the water and its bacteria counts. Have a way to treat the water to purify it and sanitize it. Don’t use the results from just one analysis because things might change over time. Consistently monitor the water in order to catch and flag items that need attention before they become a problem.

Hydro innovations

BANKS

Proudly Presents...

ms e t s y s r e chill

Commercial grade chiller systems from

Hydro innovations

can reduce your climate control costs by up to 50%

let us design your cooling system today!

hydroinnovations.com “Let us design your climate control system today!”

512.321.7575

| support@hydroinnovations.com

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

133

Biosecurity Basics

Savvy Buying

Always source your plants, fish and other growing materials from reputable growers who practice biosecurity measures in an effective manner. And never get free materials from a friend—no matter how well intentioned—if they do not practice effective biosecurity.

A Final Thought

You have done a good job sanitizing everything in your facility and keeping problems at bay. Now, make your operation even more secure from disaster by implementing a mindset of biosecurity. The Secret Service places several rings of security around the president. Shouldn’t you be doing the same for your operation?

134

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

“Have workers frequently wash their hands and dip their shoes in sterilizing solution before entering the facility. ”

Adding

by Chris Bond

Animals

to a Home Food System Many home-based food growers resist the idea of adding any form of livestock to their food system for fear of what might be involved. Fortunately, vast tracts of land, or degrees in animal husbandry, are not required to take more control of your food sources.

136

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; February 2014

The addition of even a handful of insects, poultry, fish or small mammals on your property can greatly increase your food independence and the quality of home-produced food. Many beneficial animals can be added without significant changes in infrastructure or exorbitant upfront costs. Animals of all kinds can be used humanely to aid in food production. In most cases their manure alone is worth the investment. Many animals serve multiple purposes and benefits, and can live a happy, healthy life while doing so.

Worms

Worms are one of the easiest animals to add to a food system with minimal investment. They will eat all vegetative food scraps and in their wake leave a nutrient-dense, rich soil amendment and fertilizer. They require no permits to purchase or keep, and can be raised discreetly even in a highrise apartment in the city. Red wigglers are one of the best types of worms to obtain for this purpose, known as vermicomposting or vermiculture. Avoid night crawlers and other worms found in the garden; these should be left to do their good work where they are found. Many pre-fabricated worm boxes can be found in stores and online. The do-it-yourselfer can easily construct a box suitable for raising worms. It is import to make sure there is some sort of tray on the bottom to collect any liquid that leaches through. This worm tea is pure gold for plants. It can be applied directly to the soil as an amendment, or diluted and sprayed on plants as a foliar feed. The solid wastes from worms can be incorporated into soil or potting media for a great boost of organic nutrients.

Worms are

one of the easiest animals to add to a food system with minimal investment.”

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

137

adding animals

Worms can be raised year-round if they are kept in a spot that will not freeze and where they can continue to be fed, otherwise they should be raised seasonally. If raised inside the home, there is the potential (as with all animals and decaying matter) that they will not smell pleasant at times. A healthy and balanced system should not emit any kind of unpleasant smell, but it can happen and should be taken as a sign that there could be too much water, not enough circulation or too much nitrogen in the vermicompost system. If you have a heated garage, outbuilding or basement, you can keep worms there year-round. Healthy worms will reproduce, but even in a balanced system it might be necessary to replenish populations if the current ones are not sufficiently breaking down all the food scraps provided.

Honeybees

Honeybees often get lumped into the same category as other stinging insects, such as wasps and hornets, and are therefore often dismissed as a possible addition to a home food system. In reality, honeybees are docile and sting only when they feel a threat to their colony and queen. Unlike other stinging insects, a honeybee’s stinger is barbed, remaining in its victim after an attack. It essentially tears away from the insect and the honeybee then dies shortly thereafter. For a honeybee, stinging is a last-resort course of action. Other stinging insects have a stinger they can retract after delivering their venom. If the possibility of getting stung fails to deter you from engaging in beekeeping (apiculture), the benefits to your food system can be realized almost immediately. The primary benefit to raising and keeping bees is the increased pollination of food plants, potentially resulting in a much greater yield. Honey is a fortunate by-product and a secondary benefit to raising bees. Adding a colony of bees to your food system can also help combat the protracted effects of colony collapse disorder in your area. 138

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

For those who would like to add bees but do not wish to engage in the actual practice of rearing them, there is good news. Local, state or provincial beekeeping associations often have beekeepers looking for additional locations to raise their bees. An arrangement can often be made where the beekeeper will pay rent in the form of honey. There are a few obstacles when it comes to beekeeping. There is an investment required of not only the bees themselves (Italian and Russian strains are currently the most docile and productive strains commercially reared), but a proper hive, honey extracting tools and protective clothing will be required. It is not wise to purchase any of these used, as they could inadvertently be contaminated with any number of common bee maladies and parasites. In addition, most municipalities require some sort of registration for hives, which could be subject to inspection.

Honeybees

are docile and sting only when they feel a threat to their colony and queen.”

Fortunately, registration costs are generally nominal and the inspections are beneficial for everyone. For example, professional and experienced beekeepers and inspectors can identify early stages of disease and recommend a course of action to save the colony, or prevent diseases from spreading. If the benefits of increased yields, the production of local honey and doing your part to fight the decline of honeybee populations outweigh the potential of an occasional sting, the unfounded fears of your neighbors and the general misconceptions that many have about apiculture, consider adding bees to your home-based food system.

Rabbits

Rabbits are not only a good family pet; they can be a great addition to self-sufficiency. Rabbit manure is an excellent garden fertilizer. Add it to your compost to let it break down before using directly on plants.

Rabbits have a variety of other useful attributes, even if you would never consider raising them for meat. Rabbits can be used to keep grass and weeds at bay. Don’t, of course, allow them into a vegetable garden. A mobile pen provides protection from the sun and predators to allow rabbits outside during warm weather. Move it daily or more often depending on how voracious their appetite is. On a small lawn, you may be able to eliminate the need for mowing altogether. Rabbits will leave behind a nutrient-dense and organic fertilizer, free of charge! An additional benefit to the raising of some rabbits is their coveted fiber. There are four main varieties of Angora rabbits that can be sheared or brushed for their fur. This needs to be done regularly to help keep a healthy coat. The fiber can be used for a variety of useful crafts, or sold to defray any cost of the rabbits’ upkeep. Rabbits are native to a wide range of the world and come in numerous varieties. Make sure to select a breed conducive for your environment and climate. They are a relatively inexpensive animal to keep that can provide in numerous ways. Consider segregating males and females because they reproduce like, well, you know.

rabbits

will leave behind a nutrient dense and organic fertilizer, free of charge!”

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

139

adding animals

Chickens

Raising small flocks of chickens and other game fowl has grown exponentially in popularity in urban and suburban areas in the last few years. They provide numerous benefits to the small-scale food producer. Knowing a few basic facts about rearing chickens will help to keep you and your neighbors on speaking terms. Chickens can be raised individually or in flocks. They will be happier and therefore more productive if they have company. They do not require much space, but should be allowed to roam in as large of an area as you can provide. A garage or shed is a good place to convert coop space for them to go at night and during unfavorable weather, with an attached, enclosed space to run about freely looking for insects and weeds to eat. A heat lamp can be added for warmth during winter months. Chickens, like rabbits, can be used for their manure, their foraging of grasses and weeds (insects, too) and their meat. Unlike rabbits, most small flocks are raised for their eggs. Letting chickens run through your garden area in the late fall is a great way to get things cleaned up and fertilized for the following year. Make sure there is adequate fencing wherever they roam. They will return home each day to their roost. The fencing is not to keep them in, but rather to keep predators like coyotes, raccoons and dogs out. An enclosure that also protects them from above will help to keep avian predators such as hawks away and keep cats out, too. Select a breed of chicken that is compatible with your environment. Chickens, like rabbits, are bred all over the world, so there are breeds for all climates. The decision to raise fowl for meat, eggs or both will dictate the breed as well. Some chickens are prolific layers, but don’t make suitable broilers; some do reasonably well at both. Contrary to the belief of many, roosters are not needed for hens to lay eggs. They are only needed to fertilize the eggs, a concern only if you intend to incubate the eggs, which is another level entirely of raising chickens, and not easily done by those with limited space.

Consult zoning laws in your area before attempting to raise chickens. Some areas have limits on numbers in a household flock and some do not allow roosters past a certain age if at all. There are also limits imposed in some areas about building a coop or run within so many feet of a neighboring property line. If your municipality allows chickens, they are a rewarding animal to breed and offer great benefits to the home food system.

Fish

Fish can be one of the easiest animals to incorporate into small-scale food production or one of the more difficult, depending on your set-up and approach. They are a great addition to an existing hydroponic system and an easy addition for those with outdoor reservoirs. For those toying with the idea of

Letting

chickens run through your garden area in the late fall is a great way to get things cleaned up and fertilized for the following year.”

140

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

adding animals to their property, fish should be considered only if your water feature is already established, lest you are able to commit much time and treasure to setting up an appropriate environment for them. Tilapia, perch, carp and trout are the most common fish to add to a system, but others such as catfish can be incorporated as well. Adding fish to a hydroponic system to engage in aquaponics can create a closed-loop system where the fish wastes can feed the plants, and the plants can feed the fish. Much attention is required in this type of system to ensure the health of both flora and fauna. Research and other due diligence should be done before attempting. Stocking an outside pond with food fish can be a great measure in achieving food independence. Check with local, state or provincial wildlife authorities about which types are best suited for climates and water types. The benefits of fish are many; so long as your water source is of adequate depth and the fish have sufficient food to survive the winter. Again, it is best to always consult a professional or government agency before investing time and money.

Final Note

Raising even just a few small animals can add to your independence from industrially produced food and is a rewarding and highly beneficial practice. In addition to nutritional benefits, it is a great activity for families and a great lesson for children about where their food comes from.

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; February 2014

141

Green thumb gardening

how to prevent

Clogging

Emitters in drip irrigation by Guy Sela A micro-irrigation system should be properly planned and managed in order to fully benefit from its many advantages. One of the main concerns is keeping drip emitters from clogging. Fortunately, it’s a problem that is easy to solve. Micro-irrigation systems come with many advantages over other types of irrigation. When using such a system, delivery of water and nutrients to the root zone is more uniform and runoff is prevented. In addition, weed population is better controlled and the less humid environment helps better control pests and diseases. Sub-surface irrigation presents some additional advantages. Drip emitters are protected, and runoff and evaporation are minimized, increasing irrigation efficiency even more. Nevertheless, micro-irrigation systems should be properly planned and managed in order to fully benefit from these advantages. One of the main challenges is keeping drip emitters free from clogging, causes of which are categorized into biological, physical and chemical types of debris. It is useful to differentiate between surface water and ground water because different water sources carry different plugging hazards.

Physical Causes of Emitter Clogging in Drip Irrigation The most common physical causes of clogging of drip emitters are sand particles, which are usually found in surface water. Other suspended solids might be too large to pass through the emitter's opening and might clog it. Under certain conditions, silt-sized particles can form larger aggregates that might cause clogging. Turbidity is often used as an estimate of the suspended solids, but is not an accurate indicator of the water’s clogging potential. An adequate filtration system, designed based on the quality of the water, can prevent physical plugging of drip systems.

Biological Causes of Emitter Clogging in Drip Irrigation Drip irrigation systems provide a favorable environment for bacteria, fungi and algae that can cause slime accumulation. Bacterial slime can be a direct cause for clogging of drippers, but it can also induce mineral particles to stick together and form aggregates large enough to clog the emitter openings. 142

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

This phenomenon is significant when manganese, sulfide and iron are present in the water. Depending on the type of bacteria responsible for the slime, its color might be reddish, yellowish or grayish. Clogging due to micro-organisms is common when using water with high biological activity, relatively high iron or manganese levels and hydrogen sulfide compounds. Proper chlorination and disinfection procedures are the key to controlling biological clogging of drip irrigation systems.

Chemical Causes of Emitter Clogging in Drip Irrigation The word chemical denotes mineral precipitation, which might form when mineral solubility is low enough. Solubility of a given mineral is dependent on the water temperature, its pH, redox potential and the concentration of the mineral elements present in the water. The common elements that might clog drip emitters by precipitation and sedimentation are calcium, magnesium, iron and manganese, with calcium carbonate being the most common precipitate. Water that contains high levels of these elements, and has a pH above 7.0, might also potentially cause clogging of drip emitters. Adding fertilizers to source water (known as fertigation) can potentially cause clogging of drip emitters due to chemical interactions and high mineral concentrations, exceeding their solubility limit. Therefore, it is advised to perform a jar test, or use appropriate computer software, to determine if a specific combination of fertilizers might result in precipitation. Acid injection to reduce irrigation water pH can prevent chemical clogging of drip emitters. Generally speaking, surface water carries more biological and physical clogging agents, while ground water is usually characterized by higher mineral concentration, posing a chemical clogging hazard. To avoid clogging of drip emitters, it is advised to follow this checklist:

• Test source water and irrigation water for the three types of clogging causes • Filter large particles or aggregates, such as sand and clay, before letting the water enter the emitters • Eliminate micro-organisms by proper disinfection and water treatment • Prevent sedimentation of chemicals in the irrigation system by adjusting pH levels, monitoring solubility limits of fertilizers and avoiding chemical interactions between fertilizers • Maintain the irrigation lines and emitters by periodic flushing Consult the table below to assess the clogging potential of drip emitters.

Constituent

“Proper chlorination and disinfection procedures are the key to controlling biological clogging of drip irrigation systems.” Level of Concern LOW

MED

HIGH

< 7.0

7.0 to 8.0

> 8.0

Iron (Fe) mg/L

< 0.2

0.2 to 1.5

> 1.5

Manganese (Mn) mg/L

< 0.1

0.2 to 1.5

> 1.5

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) mg/L

< 0.2

0.2 to 1.5

> 2.0

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/L

< 500

0.2 to 1.5

> 2,000

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L

< 500

50 to 100

> 100

Bacteria Count (#/ml)

< 500

10,000 to 50,000

> 50,000

In Summary Clogging of drip emitters is a common problem with significant production and cost consequences. Fortunately, the problem can be easily avoided by testing the raw water as

well as the irrigation water (particularly after fertilizers are added). The analysis of the biological, chemical and particles content of the water plays a major role in choosing appropriate prevention measures.

Guy Sela is an agronomist and a chemical engineer for his innovative software company Smart Fertilizer (smart-fertilizer.com) that provides fertilizer management solutions. Applying his background in water treatment, he has lead a variety of projects on reverse osmosis, water disinfection and water purification, providing high quality water for irrigation. Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

143

The Sweet Herb of Paraguay:

Growing

Stevia

at Home Stevia, a natural sweetener, is fast becoming a popular substitute for processed sugar, corn syrup and harmful artificial sweeteners. One way to ensure you have a ready supply of this sweet plant on hand is to grow it at home. by Harley Smith

144

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; February 2014

Have you heard of the natural sweetener called stevia yet? If not, you will soon. The United States Food and Drug Administration has recently approved stevia extracts for the beverage industry and there are already plans to release new Coke and Sprite products containing stevia in countries around the world. Europe is leading the world in the stevia market, producing more than 40% of the new stevia-containing products worldwide. Stevia use is on the rise, and the trend promises to continue as consumers search for natural substitutes for processed sugar, corn syrup and harmful artificial sweeteners. The stevia plant is a gift from nature. The leaves are 30 times sweeter than sugar, contain no calories and are actually good for your teeth! Stevia contains natural anti-plaque and anti-bacterial agents and one of the first commercial products to contain stevia was toothpaste. The leaves are used to sweeten bitter foods and medicines, and stevia extracts are a great alternative to artificial sweeteners. Unlike many artificial sweeteners, stevia extracts are not easily broken down by acids, so they can be added to fruit juice vinegars to make them into ice cream toppings. Stevia is also stable at high temperatures, so it can be used in baking temperatures of up to 450°F without breaking down. Artificial sweeteners, on the other hand, will produce toxic byproducts at such temperatures. Stevia also has many health benefits, such as helping to stabilize blood sugar levels, and it has been used in some South American countries as a diabetes treatment for many, many years. Unfortunately, the more processing the plant leaves go through to isolate the pure, “sweet” molecules, the fewer the

“The stevia plant is a gift from nature. The leaves are 30 times sweeter than sugar, contain no calories and are actually good for your teeth!” health benefits. So a whole-leaf product is by far the best for those seeking the full range of benefits. Why not do what I did, grow your own at home? I’ve been growing stevia in my basement in Michigan for many years, and it thrives. Amazingly, NASA tried to grow stevia as a sugar substitute for their Mission to Mars project, but it failed. So apparently you don’t have to be a rocket scientist to grow stevia; you just have to know a couple of things about the stevia plant. The first thing I learned when growing stevia in hydroponics is that it doesn’t like a lot of nitrate-nitrogen. Stevia is native to the Amambay mountain range on the eastern border of Paraguay. It has a shallow root system and since nitrates quickly wash away with soil runoff from the slopes, the plant adapted to low-nitrate conditions. When I grew stevia in an ebb and flow

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

145

growing stevia hydroponic system together with my basil and other herbs, the stevia showed signs of fertilizer burn. The edges of the leaves started to brown, even at low to medium EC’s, but the rest of my herbs looked fine. So I compromised and lowered the EC in the herb garden. The next time I grew stevia, I put it into its own mini-hydroponic system. I used a bloom formula instead of a nitrate-rich grow formula and I kept the EC at about 1.0 to 1.2. As the plants matured, I switched to a boost formula with no nitrate-nitrogen and the plants grew three times larger than what the seed pack described. The sweetness of the leaves was intense. The next thing you need to know about stevia is that it is a short-day plant. In other words, as soon as the plants receive 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness, it goes to flower. The sweetness is in the leaves, especially the older leaves near the bottom of the plant, so you want to avoid flowering. As the flowers begin to develop, the leaves start to lose their quality and start to become bitter. Stevia is so sensitive to day length that you can set your calendar by it. One summer I grew it in an outdoor hydroponic garden and brought it indoors on the first day of autumn. It started going to flower the next day. I tried extending the light period to 24 hours a day to bring the plant back to a vegetative state, but it was too late—all of the new growth went to flower and I had to start new plants for the winter. To extend the harvesting season, keep your stevia plants on long days from the beginning. You can continue to pluck off the bottom leaves of the plant any time you need them and the leaves can be used

“You don’t have to be a rocket scientist to grow stevia; you just have to know a couple of things about the stevia plant.” fresh or dried for future use. For fun, try to take the smallest bite of a leaf tip that you possibly can and chew it up a little. You will taste the sweetness of the leaf for an hour. When harvesting, you can cut and hang the whole plant to dry, just like other herbs, or you can pluck off the leaves and put them on a drying rack. The veins of the leaves have a bitter aftertaste compared to the leaf tissue and after the leaves are dry, I like to rub them between my hands over a large, stainless steel salad bowl. The veins remain in my hands and I throw them away, but the tissue between the veins collects in the bowl. During the process, I can actually taste the sweetness in the dust from the air, and for a special treat, I get to sample a

146

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

little of the white powder that collects on the sides of the bowl. Stevia is easy to use. Just steep a leaf in hot water to sweeten your herbal teas, or steep the leaves in milk and use it for baking. One of my favorite drinks is chocolate mint tea. I steep a few leaves from my chocolate mint plants together with my stevia leaves. It smells just like hot chocolate and it has a wonderful aftertaste. There are whole cookbooks devoted to stevia, so don’t be afraid to try it in different recipes. You will soon discover what South Americans have enjoyed for centuries. Just remember, stevia is intensely sweet and a little goes a long way. If you use too much, some of the bitter aftertaste starts to come through. But if you use just the right amount, it is guaranteed to put a smile on your face every time!

Growers Know

Plants That Say,

“I Love You!” This Valentine’s Day, try combining gardening and romance by giving your sweetheart a stunning plant. Matt LeBannister has some suggestions.

by Matt LeBannister

Anthurium (Flamingo Flowers)

It’s February, Valentine’s Day is around the corner and love is in the air. And nothing says, “I love you!” like a healthy plant and beautiful flowers. In an effort to avoid the cliché of roses, here are some suggestions for plant gifts the object of your affection is sure to love. 148

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

The first plant that might make a great gift for your loved one is anthurium. There are about 1,000 different species of anthurium and their flowers come in red, pink, salmon, pale green and orange. The most common variety available at most plant nurseries is red. The flowers are on a tubular protrusion above a broad, flat, heart-shaped petal. Nothing says love like a heart-shaped flower.

Anthuriums make great houseplants as they are easy to care for and hardy. They do best in low-level lighting, so keep them out of the direct sunlight. The potting mix should contain lots of organic material. When feeding your anthurium, water using quarterstrength nutrients every other watering. Anthuriums are tropical plants and you must keep them in the temperature range of 60 to 72°F.

Saintpaulia (African Violets)

African violets produce some of the most beautiful flowers in the plant kingdom. They are small plants with little, velvety leaves. African violets create clusters of small, vibrantly colored flowers in every shade and combination imaginable of blue, purple, violet, white and pink. These indoor gems can brighten any room or windowsill and there is a variety that is sure to please your sweetheart. African violets are a great plant to grow indoors. They grow best in medium to bright indirect sunlight. This could be a sunny windowsill or under T5 fluorescent light bulbs. Soil should be kept moist but not soggy. Humidity should be kept at 50 to 60%, accomplished either by frequent misting with water (every two or three days), by keeping a humidifier in the room or sitting the plant’s pot in the top of a tray with expanded clay pellets that you can keep damp. When feeding your African violets, use half-strength fertilizer every other watering so the leaves and roots don’t burn. They must have at least eight hours of darkness to flower. Pinch spent blossoms to encourage new growth.

Orchids

If you are looking for a unique, breathtakingly beautiful flower for your spouse or loved one this Valentine’s Day, look no further than the orchid. There are hundreds of orchid varieties and hybrids, each with the ability to bloom some of the most strange and

beautiful flowers on Earth. Orchid flowers come in all shapes, sizes and colors. They look like some sort of alien bloom from another planet. As there are so many different types of orchids, each with its own specific needs, I will focus on the more popular varieties, Phalaenopsis and Dodendrum. These orchids produce small to medium-sized flowers from one or more flower spikes. Orchids evolved in a way where their roots are airborne. They cling to trees and rocks, getting their moisture from rainfall, fog or morning/evening dew. To grow orchids indoors they should be planted in an inert medium with lots of air such as sphagnum moss, wood chips, coco coir or expanded clay. Anything too compact will retain too much water and not enough air, drowning the roots. Orchids grow best in medium to bright indirect sunlight. Placing them in a sunny windowsill or under fluorescent light bulbs will meet this requirement. Orchids like a warm, humid environment between 65 and 82°F and 50 to 80% humidity. Misting your orchid twice a week with room temperature water will help them thrive. Do not overwater your orchids and only use half-strength fertilizer every second or third watering.

If you are

looking for a unique, breathtakingly beautiful flower for your spouse or loved one this Valentine’s Day, look no further than the orchid.”

Venus Flytrap

Maybe your spouse or loved one will enjoy something different than your typical romantic flower. Maybe the Venus flytrap is right for them. Venus is the Roman goddess of love and beauty. She could eat any mortal man alive. The Venus flytrap is also strangely beautiful

and is a carnivorous plant. They evolved in an environment where there is little to no nutrients available in the soil, thus they evolved the ability to lure and catch insects and small amphibians into their leaves. The leaves are open with little hairs that when triggered close tight around their prey, which is then slowly digested, feeding the plant. Venus flytraps are best grown in terrariums. They require moist roots, high humidity, full sunlight, poor, acidic soil and a food source such as small feeder crickets. Terrariums help maintain humidity, temperature levels and light levels and house the food source. Do not water with any nutrients and use only distilled water as the Venus flytrap has no tolerance for chlorine. There are so many different plants and flowers that can make a great gift for your significant other. Whether you get them an African violet, a flamingo flower, a stunning orchid or the carnivorous Venus flytrap, the gift of gardening is always a great one.

Matt LeBannister developed a green thumb as a child, having been born into a family of experienced gardeners. During his career, he has managed a hydroponic retail store and represented leading companies at the Indoor Gardening Expos as a marketer. Matt has been writing articles for Maximum Yield since 2007. Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

149

Controlling the

Nasty

Nematodes in Your Garden by Russell Landry

While some nematodes, or roundworms, are beneficial to have in the garden, as they eat the bugs that are eating your crops, other nematode species can feed on the roots of your plants. Here's how to control the problem.

150

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; February 2014

nasty nematodes

Parasitic nematode species cause damage to roots, leaving galls or what are known as root-knots.”

Scanning electron micrograph of soybean cyst nematode and its egg.

152

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

Nematodes, or roundworms, are well adapted to vegetable gardens. They inhabit a large range of soil types, compositions and environments, often surviving extreme temperature and moisture conditions. There are an estimated half million or more species of nematodes and many are detrimental to pumpkins, tomatoes and other giant vegetable roots. Nematodes are slender, nonsegmented worms, commonly less than 2 mm long. Small nematodes are microscopic and resemble earth worms. They have round, slender digestive systems that allow them to munch eagerly on roots, but are often overlooked in garden plots due to their microscopic size. Many different kinds of nematodes are present in our soils and while some plant-specific nematodes are harmful, there are many that are beneficial for gardeners. They inhabit the soil food web, consuming fungi, bacteria and protozoa. Nematodes in compost piles are gluttonous eaters, gobbling bacteria, viruses and other invertebrates, and then excreting nitrogen and other nutrients back into the soil in a plantsoluble form for easy uptake by roots. Parasitic nematodes are patch pests and are often a huge unseen problem for many large vegetable growers. Normally they do not reach detrimental levels on area farms, but in a non-rotated, giant vegetable patch, an alarming amount of them can begin to suck away liquids from plants’ root systems. Parasitic nematode species cause damage to roots, leaving galls or what are known as root-knots. Some nematode types can also vector plant viruses in their feeding activity on roots. Some types are endo-parasitic, living within the root tissues. Others are ecto-parasitic, feeding externally through the plant root’s cell walls. Well-drained organic matter and sandy, calcareous and high-porosity soils are thought to be ideal breeding grounds for nematodes, which are are often associated with soil-borne diseases, such as verticillium, or black root rot, and damage caused by root lesion nematodes provides infection sites for disease-causing fungi. Ecto feeding nematodes can considerably diminish a plant’s uptake of nutrients and water. They leave open wounds on root surfaces that act as a doorway into the plant’s vascular system, fostering a large range of plant-pathogenic fungi and bacteria. These secondary microbial infections are often more damaging to yields than the express causes of nematode feeding. Nematode infestations are thorny to stamp out, as controlling them combines numerous lines of attack. Rotating giant vegetable plants is generally the best line of defense in controlling infestations. Generally it is

best to rotate patches to crops not associated with each other—for example, Atlantic giant squash, tomato and other vine type vegetables are closely related, so simply rotating these vegetables in the garden will not keep rootdamaging nematode populations under control. Solarization or covering the infested patch areas with clear plastic tarps in the summer is another effective control method. Growers are advised to frequently turn the soil deeply or double dig two spade depths. This allows delayering of the soil and ensures the sunshine cooks the insects far below the surface, but this is a non-selective treatment that harms beneficial insects as well. Barren, fallowed patches that are kept free of weeds for a year or two usually have a high degree of reduction in rootknot nematode populations. This plant-free interlude can be completed in one season by using several intervals of tilling the soil all summer long. Both solarization and leaving the area fallow require extensive organic matter replenishment to restore the soil’s bio-diversity after completion. Marigolds grown near a pumpkin plant’s roots can also be used to deter nematodes. The symbiotic relationship of marigold host roots and rhizo-bacteria is thought to impede root lesion and other types of parasitic nematodes. This type of nematode control benefits susceptible crops when non-host plants or marigolds are grown in rotation or nearby vulnerable plant roots. Other treatments include chitosan as a natural bio-control. Derived from the crushed shells of shrimp and crab, chitosan promotes the growth of fungi that consume chitin, which makes up the eggs and shells of nematodes. The bio-control action of chitosan begins spontaneously and promotes defense responses within the plant to resist the attack of insects such as nematodes. Mustard is also useful as cover crop in annual crop rotations. It can produce a large amount of rich, nitrogen-laden organic matter. Nematode inhibition occurs in the release of a chemical comparable to cyanide that performs as a soil fumigant. Endonematodes larvae also pierce the mustard roots and are unable to exit, drastically reducing the number of nematodes in the soil. Beneficial or predatory nematodes can reduce populations of plant parasitic nematodes in soils. Aerobic compost types of nematodes also consume plant parasitic nematodes when found together in soils. Populations of beneficial nematodes can be raised by adding organic soil amendments that foster bacterial and fungal growth. These predatory nematodes can also be bred by

soaking fresh, diverse, composted organic matter in water and brewing it like a compost tea. The above techniques work best in the environment of a healthy soil food web. Adequate organic matter levels sustain a varied mixture of microorganisms. A well-balanced soil rhizosphere supports a host of natural biological creatures that together manage infestations at acceptable levels, allowing plants to thrive.

Marigolds

grown near the pumpkin plant’s roots can also be used to deter nematodes.”

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

153

Germinating Seeds Caring for by Kyle L. Ladenburger

Seedlings

Within each seed is all of the genetic information needed to grow a mature plant destined to create life-sustaining fruits, grains or maybe just oxygen. But to begin its life as a growing plant, that little seed requires some help...

154

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; February 2014

germinating seeds

At first glance, a seed appears to be just a small, simple little thing, but hidden inside is pure potential—the potential to grow into a beautiful, mature plant that can host beautiful flowers and delicious fruits. Many of the foods we eat to survive and the medicines we take to stay healthy come from plants that got their humble starts as seeds. Inside that simple-looking seed exists all of the genetic information needed for that plant to grow throughout its entire life cycle. Whether a certain plant is destined to create fruits, grains or maybe just oxygen, its destiny is retained inside that little seed. Once a seed germinates, sprouts and begins to grow, nature kicks into gear and life-sustaining processes within the plant begin. But for a seed to begin its life as a growing plant it will require a little help. The seeds of flowering plants (angiosperms) are placed into two distinctive categories: monocotyledons (monocots) and dicotyledons (dicots). This classification is based on one specific characteristic of a seedling. Cotyledons are the first leaves that an infant plant will grow and they will act as a food source for the seedling until the emergence of the first true leaves, when the plant begins the process of photosynthesis to provide itself with carbohydrates for energy. Monocots are classified as such because they only have one cotyledon (seed leaf) while dicots have two. Plant seeds classified as monocots include wheat, corn, sugar cane and bamboo. Seeds classified as dicots include beans, tomatoes, peppers and cucumbers. A seed is essentially made up of three parts: the seed embryo, which is basically a baby plant that will grow and mature under favorable conditions, the endosperm that will supply the initial food and energy source for the growing embryo, and the seed coat—the hard outer shell that protects the seed until it is ready to grow.

Germination is the process in which a seed and its embryo go from a dormant state to an active, growing state. Successful seed germination is dependent on certain conditions being met. These conditions are both internal and external and can vary from seed to seed. The external conditions that are most crucial are water, temperature, oxygen and, with certain seeds, even light or darkness. Water is essential because a mature seed is often quite dry. Seeds take in water through a process called imbibition. As water accumulates in the seed, it causes the seed coat to swell and break apart. Water also activates the breaking down of the endosperm, chemically converting it into a useable food source. Temperature has an effect on the metabolism and growth rate of cells within the seed’s embryo. Seeds usually have a temperature range in which they will germinate and germination won’t likely occur above or below this range. For most seeds, this range is between 60 and 80°F, but some can germinate in soil temperatures as low as 40°F. Oxygen is required for proper seed germination. In gas form, oxygen will reside in soil pore spaces and assist in the development of a much-needed root system. If the seed is planted too deep or if the soil becomes too waterlogged, the seed may not germinate. When germinating seeds at home or in a greenhouse the first thing to think about is whether or not a certain seed should be started and transplanted to another location or if it should be directly sown into its permanent home, whether that is in soil or some other growing medium. Plants like radishes and carrots should not be started indoors and transplanted at a later date, as this may result in disrupted growth that can lead to unfavorable results. However, starting tomatoes, peppers and cucumber seeds, just to name a few, indoors is a great way to get an early jump on the outdoor growing season or for an indoor garden. When choosing a medium to germinate the seeds, look for one that includes words such as seed starting mix. This type of growing medium will likely have a moderate elemental fertilizer charge that will benefit newly sprouted seedlings. Seeds can be germinated in many different styles of trays and containers, so choose the type that best fits the project at hand. If starting just a few seeds, a simple, flat starting tray will work. When planting many seeds at once, it may be wise to use trays that are divided into separate growing chambers to cut down on the amount of transplanting needed as the plants grow. Remember, most seeds will germinate at average room temperature, but some

Many of

the foods we eat to survive and the medicines we take to stay healthy come from plants that got their humble starts as seeds.”

Starting tomatoes, peppers and cucumber seeds indoors is a great way to get an early jump on the outdoor growing season or for an indoor garden.

156

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

growers do use heat pads underneath the starting trays. The added warmth in the growing medium can speed up the germination process, but for most seeds, it is not necessary. Using supplemental lighting, like a T5 fluorescent bulb, can also help provide extra heat. Though seeds may not need light to germinate, the coming seedling will surely need light, so having a light source ready to go is a good idea. I would advise against starting seeds in a bright windowsill because the glass can alter the intensity of the sunlight and the plants may stretch and become leggy.

Most seeds will germinate at average room temperature, but some growers use heat pads underneath the starting trays.

I suggest lightly moistening the growing medium before planting any seeds. This will help to ensure that the medium is not over-saturated or waterlogged and that the moisture is spread evenly throughout. Using the eraser side of a pencil or the tip of your pinky finger, carefully make small divots in the medium at the desired planting depth. Many plants require a depth of around one-quarter inch, but to find the correct planting depth for the type of seed being grown, consult the back of the seed package—in my experience, these suggested planting depths are accurate and not following them can result in lower germination rates. If planting in a flat starting tray, space seeds at least 1 in. apart either in rows or in a grid pattern. Gently place one or two seeds in each divot, cover lightly with growing medium—oxygen is important during germination, so don’t pack the medium down too much—and spray the entire tray lightly with a hand-held water mister. A premoistened soil should stay wet long enough for the seeds to germinate, but it may need to be sprayed with the mister occasionally to maintain even distribution of moisture. Some growers use starting trays that have plastic hood-type lids. This will keep the humidity around the seeds at higher-than-average room levels and may help increase the chance of successful germination. Be sure to check the seeds on a near daily basis to maintain an optimal environment. Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

157

germinating seeds

As the seedlings begin to pop up through the soil there are a few environmental aspects that should be given proper attention right away: light intensity, humidity and air flow. Seeds from different plants will germinate in different lengths of time, so check the seed package for estimated germination times to know when to be ready. Many seeds can sprout in total darkness, but once that plant breaches the soil, a sufficient light source is imperative. Those first true leaves will need a light source to perform photosynthesis and create the carbohydrates to sustain both normal plant growth and, most importantly, root growth. Without proper lighting the early vegetative growth of a plant can be negatively affected and this could cause long lasting problems that may result in a lower yield. Humidity can be helpful during the initial germination process but as the little seedlings begin to grow, high levels of humidity can spell disaster. As internal processes burn up the seedling’s energy sources, the plant will need to release oxygen as a gas through its stomata in a process that is called transpiration. As the oxygen leaves the plant, water and elemental nutrients are pulled up through the roots. In a humid environment, the stomata will remain closed and the roots will not take in water. If the growing medium is moist, as it most likely will be, the water will have nowhere to go and the roots will likely suffocate and die. Air flow and humidity almost go hand in hand. A nice flow of air through the plant’s canopy will encourage the flow of carbon dioxide to the leaves and, subsequently, oxygen away from the

Seeds

can be germinated in many different styles of trays and containers, so choose the type that best fits the project at hand.”

Many seeds

can sprout in total darkness, but once that plant breaches the soil, a sufficient light source is imperative.”

158

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

leaves, which is important for plants in all stages of growth. A small fan on medium or low can help keep humidity levels low and the heat from any supplemental lighting to a minimum. As for watering practices, be sure to keep the rooting medium moist but not too wet. Seedlings need water and going too long without can result in serious damage, but if the medium remains too wet for too long, it may impair root growth. As the seedlings grow they will eventually exhaust any nutrient charge that the growing medium had to offer, so light fertilization with a nitrogen-based fertilizer may be needed while waiting to transplant into a different or permanent container. So, day by day, as the seedlings grow, given proper care and attention, they inch closer and closer to fulfilling their own unique destiny. And as we stand by, eagerly awaiting the literal fruits of our labor, it is important to remember that every plant we grow has entered into this life as a small, almost insignificant looking thing that so many people refer to as simply, just a seed.

10 FACTS ON... water

1. 2. 3.

Water is a chemical compound with the chemical formula H2O. It is the only substance found on Earth that naturally occurs in three forms: solid, liquid and gas.

In one year, the average American residence uses more than 100,000 gal. of water (indoors and outdoors).

A gallon of water weighs 8.34 lbs.; a cu. ft. of water weighs 62.4 lbs.; and 1-in. of water covering one acre (27,154 gal.) weighs 113 tons. It vaporizes at 212°F.

Water can dissolve more substances than any other liquid, including sulfuric acid. Substances that dissolve in water (i.e., salts, sugars, acids, alkalis and some gases—especially oxygen and carbon dioxide) are known as hydrophilic (water-loving) substances, while those that are immiscible with water (i.e., fats and oils), are known as hydrophobic (water-fearing) substances.

4. 5. 160

Water is central to acid-base neutrality and enzyme function. In other words, it has a pH of 7.

Water from the average faucet in North America flows at a rate of 2 gal. per minute. Slow it down to one drip per second and a faucet can leak 3,000 gal. per year.

There are approximately one million miles of water pipeline and aqueducts in the United States and Canada, enough to circle the Earth 40 times.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

If only one-half the amount of water required for healthy growth of a garden or landscape is applied at a given time, it only penetrates the top half of the root zone. The area below the point where the wetting front stops remains dry—as if no irrigation has been applied at all.

Water is fundamental to photosynthesis and respiration. Photosynthetic cells use the sun’s energy to split off water’s hydrogen from oxygen. Hydrogen is combined with CO2 (absorbed from air or water) to form glucose and release oxygen.

Water is not a finite resource, but rather re-circulated as potable water in precipitation in quantities many degrees of magnitude higher than human consumption. Therefore, it is the relatively small quantity of water in reserve in the Earth that is a non-renewable resource, and it is, rather, the distribution of potable and irrigation water that is scarce, rather than the actual amount of it that exists on the earth.

10.

(Sources: water.epa.gov, aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu, nature.com)

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

161

movers & shakers

Some of the Sanctuary Soil crew in front of media bins in the mixing area.

Sanctuary Soil & Feed Quality, Integrity, Value With its 200-plus-acre production facility located in Vernalis, California, Sanctuary Soil & Feed is among the largest producers of organic soil amendments in North America. Mitch Davis, one of the Sanctuary Soil brand’s founders, shares how the company has achieved so much success since starting out, and talks about their bulk soil delivery service that reaches all of California. 162

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

Before starting Sanctuary Soil & Feed, Conor Davis had founded a company in the recycling industry, and Mitch Davis worked for American Express in corporate finance. Mitch has been an avid gardener and breeder for more than 35 years, and Conor moved from the recycling industry focus to biomass processing of forest products for big ag, energy, cellulose and the landscape industry. The company behind Sanctuary’s premium soil products was formally established in the 90s by Conor, who built the company into the largest producer

of worm castings in the United States. The Sanctuary brand was born when Mitch joined Conor to move into the greenhouse, outdoor garden and hydroponics market. Since Mitch and Conor joined forces, the company has grown to become the largest premium bulk soil and amendments delivery service in California. “We saw a place for an Ultra Premium soil line and great service,” says Mitch of the early years. “We started with field trials and testing, and then we put our soils out with the best growers in

Humboldt, Trinity and Mendocino in California, with feedback and finetuning we have become known for our superior product Empire Builder delivered anywhere in California.” Sanctuary Soil began offering premium, artisanal soils like Empire Builder and amendments like Buckaroo Brand worm castings as bagged products through authorized dealers in California, and limited locations in Texas, Colorado, Nebraska, Wisconsin, Oregon, Washington, Michigan and Montana, as well as bulk Empire

Sanctuary Soil & Feed, California

Builder soil delivery throughout California. “From the ingredients to the products, to the packaging and the ultimate delivery to the garden, we control the quality of every step,” says Mitch. With California Soil’s expert knowledge of worm castings, it was only natural to develop a premium worm castings line called Buckaroo Brand Organic Castings, which is featured in other Sanctuary Soil premium products. Sanctuary Soil’s artesian garden amendments are crafted using organic castings, processed forest products and organic compost that are produced in house assuring quality. “Our blends have been continually developed over a number of years in response to our research, testing and

Sanctuary Soil trucks ready for the days soil deliveries.

customer feedback, resulting in a solid range of great-selling products.” With such great products entering the market, the start-up years have been highly successful for Mitch and Conor. “We have the infrastructure and the talent pool to move to the top,” says Mitch. “We have been able to invest in product development, testing, trials and all the rest it takes to make the best.” Sanctuary Soils stands out in many ways. After quality comes its fast delivery capabilities and bulk soil options. “Sanctuary is the biggest bulk premium soil and amendment delivery service in California,” says Mitch. “Where most soil companies are seasonal, we deliver loads from San Diego to Crescent City year-round and the majority of our deliveries are satisfied within three working days. Because of our production capacity we have backups of most of our equipment and plenty of product inventory so we avoid delays. Ordering bulk soil delivery is easy through our 100 authorized dealers throughout California (listed online). Also find product usage guides for each of our materials on our website. On top of that, all our products can be purchased in tidy bulk bags. The bags offer the value of a bulk order, without the hassle of a loose-tipped load,” shares Mitch.

Today, California Soils operates out of two facilities—one in Vernalis, California, and the other in Willits, California, as well as five satellite bulk yards around the state. The centrally located Vernalis site comprises more than 200 acres and includes an organic composting operation, organic castings production, organic forest products processing, warehousing, maintenance shops and trucking operations, dispatch, as well as buildings dedicated to bagging and storage of bulk products. Grinding and processing of organic materials are done at both locations. The fleet of trucks, loaders and drivers used to manufacture and deliver the bulk worm castings, mulch, compost, top soil, playground safety surfaces and most other growing media directly to the customers are mostly theirs. “Running our own in-house manufacturing and transport allows us to remain in complete control of all aspects of our business, while at the same time being able to cut out any hindrances and bring professional quality at value prices,” says Conor. Bulk delivery customers across California receive fast, unmatched service when they order through Sanctuary Soils. With order and delivery of bulk Empire Builder and Victory Brand Garden Soil available at more than 100 locations, as well as five bulk soil yards for local pickup, Sanctuary Soils is readily available for gardeners across California. Sanctuary Soil & Feed is located at 3401 Gaffery Road in Vernalis, California. Call 1-877-751-3935 or visit sanctuarysoil.com for more information.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

163

Talking shop

At a Glance Company: Third Coast Horticulture Supplies Owner: Shawn Bishop Location: 7010 Burnet Rd. Austin, TX 78757 Phone: 1-512-459-4353 Web: thirdcoasthorticulture.com Email: info@thirdcoasthorticulture.com

Shawn Bishop.

Moving from the woodworking trade to opening a hydroponics retail store in Austin, Texas, Shawn Bishop now provides for his family by tapping into his passion for plants. Before opening the doors of Third Coast Horticulture Supplies, Shawn Bishop owned a woodworking company and made fine furniture, but a major side hobby throughout this time was growing plants. He started cultivating plants at 19 years old and was involved in small-scale farming projects in Northern California. “As our children started getting older, my wife and I decided that we should raise our children closer to our family, so we moved back to Texas where I pursued my passion for plants and food production,” says Shawn. For the first eight months, Shawn was a one-man operation working around the clock. He quickly hired Kevin Cutrera, who he had met 10 years prior working at another local shop. “Kevin was working as a biologist doing field surveys of the golden cheek warbler. I told him about my plans to help change modern agricultural practices and he’s been working with me ever since to achieve 164

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

that goal. He is my right-hand man and now plays a crucial role in the functioning of the company.” Shawn also hired Stephen Lambarti, an honest and hardworking musician and budding horticulturalist who quickly became an asset. Third Coast’s primary focus is on biological growing systems. “I started brewing high-quality compost tea and educating every customer who came in the store about bacteria, fungus, protozoans and nematodes. I have had a loyal customer base from the beginning by teaching gardening philosophies that were not well known in our area,” says Shawn. “Word spread quickly on how Third Coast was helping people cope with the stresses of Texas’s sometimes unforgiving growing conditions, and people became eager to share this knowledge with others.” The biggest struggle for Shawn starting out was the shift in work environments. “I went from tools, plants, trees and

“Third Coast has developed its own aquaponic systems and recipes for compost tea—a recipe that in part led to their recent $95,000 research grant.” mountains, to commuting to the city and learning Quickbooks. It was also hard starting a business in an area with already established stores, but my passion for education was soon noticed.” Soon after opening, Shawn took a serious interest in aquaponics, learning all he could about the mechanics, chemistry and biology of its systems. He set up some displays, experimented and found secrets to achieving success. He also started allowing local aquaponic and gardening groups to have their meet-ups in the store. The shop became the first

place in Austin city limits to sell live tilapia. It also sells channel catfish, live bacteria and all the proper tools and additives required for aquaponics. “We have helped a number of small-scale aquaponic farms get off the ground with our commercial questionnaire, supplies and consulting, quickly becoming known as the place with answers. We also do on-site installations, training and consulting,” shares Shawn. At Third Coast, the philosophy is simple: focus on building community, sales will come later. “People will often trade a few hours of work to pick our brains and just be in the shop learning,” explains Shawn. “We make sure that people learn something new every time they come in the store, which has led to a loyal customer base.” Third Coast has since developed its own aquaponic systems and recipes for compost tea—a recipe that in part led to their recent $95,000 research grant from the USDA. It’s all been an amazing experience for Shawn so far. “I have learned that you must have passion to succeed,” he shares. “You must really care about the products you sell and make sure proper education leaves the door with the customer. Building trust and respect are far more important than focusing on price points and margins. We simply strive to do right by our community and it doesn’t go unnoticed. We’ve actually learned more from our customers than we have ever taught them. I wanted to start a business that had potential to grow while affecting positive change in the world. That is still how we proceed every day. By embracing the efficiencies of natural growing systems, we help future generations use sustainable agricultural practices, which is what I’m all about.” Shawn is proudest when he witnesses his efforts paying off. “We have a customer who’s been gardening for 40 years with the standard practices of

tilling, fertilizing and spraying chemicals for pest and disease. We taught him how to make good compost tea, what types of compost and amendments to add to his soil, how plants relate to microbes and minerals and other organic methods for achieving balance in his garden. Last spring he won top prizes in tomato-growing contests for his heirloom varieties of Cherokee purple and brandywine tomatoes. He said he owed it all to his education from Third Coast!” Lots of work and fun goes on at Third Coast Horticulture Supplies.

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

165

MAX mART

168

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

169

MAX-mART DO YOU KNOW?

Normal levels of CO2 in the atmosphere are generally between 300 and 500 ppm, but this is a basic range and can vary somewhat based on location.

Induction lights will continue to operate for years with healthy plant growth. Unlike an incandescent lamp or conventional fluorescent lamps, there is no electrical connection going inside the glass bulb; the energy is transferred through the glass envelope solely by electromagnetic induction.

In the context of growing, biosecurity is the exclusion (not sanitation) of disease-causing organisms that can destroy an operation. Sanitation works within a facility. Biosecurity is an extra ring of protection outside of the facility.

Microbial activity requires three things to be present: microbes such as bacteria and fungi, a suitable energy (food) source and sufficient essential plant nutrient elements, particularly nitrogen.

170

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

Algae can range in color from lime green, to a bubbly black, to red, to brown. These organisms might appear as long, stringy filaments flowing in the current or as dense fur on the reservoir and growing channel surfaces.

The idea behind a nutrient film technique system is to supply the plant’s roots with a continuous flow of nutrient solution through a series of trays or gutters.

When germinating seeds at home or in a greenhouse the first thing to think about is whether or not a certain seed should be started and transplanted to another location or if it should be directly sown into its permanent home, whether that is in soil or some other growing medium.

For an infectious disease to occur, three fundamental elements are required: a susceptible plant, a pathogen capable of causing disease and a favorable environment.

10. There are an estimated half million or more species of nematodes and many are detrimental to pumpkins, tomatoes and other giant vegetable roots.

Get Your Grow On.

Online.

For 16 years Maximum Yield has been offering the best advice, techniques and product knowledge in the industry. Join us on Facebook today and take part in discussions and comments about all the latest gear and information from the indoor gardening industry.

16 years and still growing strong.

facebook.com/maximumyield

MAXIMUM YIELD distributors ALABAMA Alabama Organics 3348 Bethel Rd. Hammondville, AL 35989 256-635-0802 Hydro-Ponics Inc. (of Birmingham) 2969 Pelham Pkwy. Suite. 3 Pelham, AL 35124 205-358-3009

ALASKA Far North Garden Supply 2834 Boniface Parkway Anchorage, AK 99504 907-333-3141 Southside Garden Supply AK 12870 Old Seward Hwy., Unit 114 Anchorage, AK 99515 907-339-9997 Holmtown Nursery Inc. 1301 - 30th Ave. Fairbanks, AK 99701 907-451-8733 Home Grown Hydroponics 2401 East Baseline Rd. Gilbert, AZ 85234 480-633-2100 Ground Control Hydroponic & Garden Supplies 1392 Ocean Dr. Homer, AK 99603 907-235-1521 Northern Lights Greenhouse & Garden Supply Suite 105-9737 Mud Bay Rd. Ketchikan, AK 9901 907-225-GROW (4769) ----------------------------------------------

Alaska Jack’s Hydroponics and Garden Supply 1150 S. Colony Way, Suite 9 Palmer, AK 99645 907-746-4774 ---------------------------------------------Peninsula Garden Supply AK 44224 Sterling Hwy., Suite 4 Soldotna, AK 99669 907-420-0401 ----------------------------------------------

Mesa Hydroponics 1720 W. Southern Ave. Suite C7 Mesa, AZ 85202 480-969-4769 The Grow Shop LLC 1733 E. McDowell Rd. Phoenix, AZ 85006 602-340-7591 Home Grown Hydroponics 1838 W. Bell Rd. Phoenix, AZ 85023 602-368-4005 Sea of Green West 2340 W. Bell Rd., Suite 116 Phoenix, AZ 602-504-8842 Show Low Hydroponics 1400 E. Deuce of Clubs #2 Show Low, AZ 85901 928-537-4606 ACI Hydroponics 1325 South Park Lane Tempe, AZ 85282 800-633-2137 Home Grown Hydroponics 1845 East Broadway Tempe, AZ 85282 480-377-9096 Sea of Green Hydroponics 1301 E. University Dr. Tempe, AZ 85281 800-266-4136 ----------------------------------------------

Gonzo Grow 10297 W Van Buren St., Suite 8 Tolleson, AZ 85353 623-780-GROW (4769) ----------------------------------------------

Hydro Playground 4235 W. Ina Rd., Ste. 121 Tucson, AZ USA, 85741 520-395-2052 ---------------------------------------------Sea of Green Hydroponics 402 North 4th Ave. Tucson, AZ 85705 520-622-6344 Sea of Green Tuscon East 7955 E. Broadway Blvd., #151. Tucson, AZ 85710 520-751-7745 ----------------------------------------------

Alaska Jack’s Hydroponics and Garden Supply 244 S Sylvan Way, Unit 25 Wasilla, AK 99654 907-373-4757 ----------------------------------------------

CALIFORNIA

Greenleaf Hydroponics 1839 W Lincoln Ave. Anaheim, CA 92801 714-254-0005 Grow It Yourself Gardens 401 Sunset Dr., Suite F Antioch, CA 94509 925-755-GROW High Desert Hydroponics 13631 Pawnee Rd., #7 Apple Valley, CA 92308 760-247-2090 ----------------------------------------------

A Fertile World 5565 W End Rd Arcata, CA 95521 707-825-0255 ---------------------------------------------American Hydroponics 286 South G St. Arcata, CA 95521 800-458-6543 Let It Grow 160 Westwood Center Arcata, CA 95521 707-822-8733 ----------------------------------------------

Northcoast Horticulture Supply 639 6th St. Arcata, CA 95521 707-826-9998 ----------------------------------------------

Sweet Harvest Hydroponics & Organics 1041 E. Grand Ave. Arroyo Grande, CA 93420 805-473-0004 ---------------------------------------------Auburn Organic 4035 Grass Valley Hwy. Auburn, CA 95602 530-823-8900 Quail Mountain Ranch 230 Palm Ave. Auburn, CA 95603 530-889-2390 Tell 2 Friends Indoor Gardening 62 Sutherland Dr. Auburn, CA 95603 530-889-8171

Far North Garden Supply 300 Centaur Street Wasilla, AK 99654 907-376-7586

ARIZONA

ARKANSAS

Green with Envy 3903 Patton Way #103 Bakersfield, CA 93308 661-588-8269

Mickey’s Mercantile 1303 Hwy., 65 South Clinton, AR 72031 501-412-0214

Kern Hydroponics 2408 Brundage Lane, Suite B Bakersfield, CA 93304 661-323-7333

Old Soul Organics and More 1771 Crossover Rd. Fayetteville, AR 72701 479-444-6955

Super Starts PO Box 732 Bellmont, CA 94002 650-346-8009

Growfresh Organics & More 2900 Zero St., Suite 106 Fort Smith, AR 72901 479-648-8885

Berkeley Indoor Garden 844 University Ave. Berkeley, CA 94710 510-549-2918

Arizona Hydroponics 3900 E Western Dr. #D Cottonwood, AZ 86326 928-649-1138 Sea of Green Flagstaff 204 East Route 66 Flagstaff, AZ 86001 928-774-7643 Home Grown Hydroponics 2401 East Baseline Rd. Gilbert, AZ 85234 480-633-2100

Fermentables 3915 Crutcher St. N. Little Rock, AR 72118 501-758-6261

The Hydro Closet 5826 West Olive Ave. #106 Glendale, AZ 85302 602-361-2049

Anuway Hydroponics 2711 W. Walnut St. Rogers, Ar 72756 479-631-0099

172

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

----------------------------------------------

Brentwood Hydroponics & Organics 560 Valdry Ct Suite B-1 Brentwood, CA 94513 925-634-6704 ----------------------------------------------

San Diego Hydroponics North 645 Marsat Court #101 Chula Vista, CA 91911 619-737-9272 ----------------------------------------------

Hydroponics and More Inc 3519 Vandyke Rd Almont, CA 810-798-2524

Tucson Hydroponics & Organics 4235 W. Ina Rd., Suite 131 Tucson, AZ 85741 520-395-2052 ----------------------------------------------

Happy Harvesters Hydroponics 1400 S. Arizona Ave. Suite 11 Chandler, AZ 85286 480-857-8878

Retail Stores listed alphabetically by city in each state.

Bakersfield Hydroponics Bakersfield, CA 661-808-4640

Berkeley’s Secret Garden 921 University Ave. Berkeley, CA 94710 510-486-0117 The Hydroponic Connection Berkeley 2816 San Pablo Ave. Berkeley, CA 94702 510-704-9376

Hydro Galaxy 3314 W. Burbank Burbank, CA 91505 800-818-6128 Good To Grow & Global Garden Supply 1350 Rollins Rd. Burlingame, CA 94010 650-733-4420 Advanced Garden Supply 3113 Alhambra Dr., Unit F Cameron Park, CA 95682 530-676-2100 Sky High Garden Supply 3081 Alhambra Dr., Suite 105 Cameron Park, CA 95682 530-676-4009 Precision Hydroponics 132 Kennedy Ave. Campbell, CA 95008 408-866-8176 Advanced Hydroponics 17808 Sierra Hwy. Canyon Country, CA 91351 Myron L Company 2450 Impala Dr. Carlsband, CA 9210-7226 760-438-2021; 661-299-1603 ----------------------------------------------

San Diego Hydroponics North County Coastal 6352 Corte Del Abeto #J Carlsbad, CA 92011 760-420-8934 ----------------------------------------------

The Greenhouse Garden Supply 7619 Fair Oak Blvd. Carmichael, CA 95608 916-515-9130 thegreenhousegardensupply.com ---------------------------------------------NorCal Creations PO Box 28 Cedar Ridge, CA 95924 ----------------------------------------------

Victory Garden Supply 1900 N Lincoln St., #100 Dixon, CA 95620 707-678-5800 Watch It Grow Hydro 9453 Firestone Blvd. Downey, CA USA 562-861-1928 ----------------------------------------------

Citrus Heights Hydrogarden 8043 Greenback Lane Citrus Heights, CA 95610 916-728-4769 Green Thumb Hydroponics 6412 Tupelo Dr. Citrus Heights, CA 95621 916-721-6969 Conrad Hydroponics Inc. 14915 Unit E, Olympic Dr. Clearlake, CA 95422 707-994 3264 Under The Sun 13361 East Highway 20 Clearlake Oaks, CA 95423 707-998-GROW G & G Organics and Hydroponics 901 W. Victoria Street Unit D Compton, CA 90220 310-632-0122 Concord Indoor Garden 2771 Clayton Rd. Concord, CA 94519 925-671-2520 Hydroponics Plus 2250 Commerce Ave., Suite C Concord, CA 94520 925-691-7615 123 Grow 2175 Sampson Ave. #123, Corona, CA 92879 951-280-9232 Hydrostar Hydroponics & Organics 1307 W. Sixth St., #211 Corona, CA 92882 951-479-8069 ----------------------------------------------

The Hydro Spot 21785 Temescal Cyn Rd. Corona, CA 92883 ---------------------------------------------A+ Hydroponics & Organics 1604 Babcock St. Costa Mesa, CA 92627 949-642-7776 The Hydro Source 671 E. Edna Pl. Covina, CA 91723 877 HYDRO 82; 626-915-3128

East County Garden Depot 1529 North Cuyamaca St El Cajon, CA 92020 (619)270-8649 ---------------------------------------------Grow A Lot Hydroponics, San Diego 1591 N. Cuyamaca St. El Cajon, CA 93612 619-749-6777 Indoor Garden Solution Inc. 12424 Exline St. El Monte, CA 91732 626-453-0443 Encinitas Hydroponics 463 Encinitas Blvd. Encinitas, CA 9202 Go Green Hydroponics 15721 Ventura Boulevard Encino, CA 91436 818-990-1198 ----------------------------------------------

A Fertile World (Eureka) 6th St. Eureka, CA 95501 707-444-0200 ---------------------------------------------Bayside Garden Supply 4061 Highway 101 Ste 6 Eureka, CA 95503 707-826-7435 ----------------------------------------------

Humboldt Hydroponics 1302 Union St. Eureka, CA 95501 707-443-4304 ----------------------------------------------

Let It Grow 1228 2nd St. Crescent City, CA 95531 707-464-9086 The Hydro Shop of Cerritos 15961 S. Piuma Ave. Cerritos, CA 90703 562-653-0700 ---------------------------------------------Chico Garden Center 3028 Esplanade Ave. Unit E Chico, CA 95973 Garden Connection, The 629 Entler Ave. #32 Chico, CA 95928 530-342-7762 Hydro King 2540 South Whitman Place Chico, CA 959282 530-893-GROW (4769) Grow4Less Garden Supply & Hydroponics 320 Trousdale Dr., Suite L Chula Visa, CA 91910 619-425-GROW Mothers Earth 871 Harold Place. #108 Chula Vista, CA 91914 619-240-3235

Pacific Coast Hydroponics 4147 Sepulveda Boulevard Culver City, CA 90230 310-313-1354 Dr. Greenthumbs Hydroponic Garden Supplies 566 San Ramon Valley Blvd. Danville, CA 94526 925-314-9376 Constantly Growing - Davis 123 D St. Davis, CA 95616 530-756-4774 Central Valley Gardening 9884 Stephens St. Delhi, CA 95315 209-668-2178 Constantly Growing 6200 Enterprise Dr., Suite A Diamond Springs, CA 95619 530-642-9710 Appleseed Hydroponics 6650 Merchandise Way, Suite B Diamond Springs, CA 95619 530-622-5190

Northcoast Horticulture Supply 60 West 4th St. Eureka, CA 95501 707-444-9999 ---------------------------------------------Happy Green Lawn Care 3890 Walnut Dr. Eureka, CA 95534 707-497-6186 Constantly Growing 4301 Hazel Ave. Fair Oaks, CA 95628 916-962-0043 Fallbrook Hydro 208 E Mission Rd., Suite B Fallbrook, CA 92028 760-728-4769 Tulare County Growers Supply 435 W. Noble Ave., Unit A Farmersville, CA 93223 559-732-8247

----------------------------------------------

Santa Cruz Hydroponics & Organics - North 5980 Hwy. 9 Felton, CA 95018 831-335-9990 ----------------------------------------------

Eel River Hydroponics & Soil Supply 164 Dinsmore Dr. Fortuna, CA 95540 707-726-0395 ---------------------------------------------The Shop 8635 Mirabel Rd. Forestville, CA 95436 866-223-0198; 707-887-2280

Grow Wurks Hydroponics 765 S. State College Blvd., Suite J Fullerton, CA 92831 714-253-Grow (4769)

Thrive Hydroponics 30-A Mill St. Healdsburg, CA 95448 707-433-4068

SB Hydro 1109 W. 190th St., Unit #F Gardena, CA 90248 310-538-5788

Hydro Zen 3518 Tanya Ave. Hemet, CA 92545 951-392-5016

Golden Gecko Garden Center 4665 Marshall Rd. Garden Valley, CA 95633 530-333-2394

Bear Valley Hydroponics & Homebrewing 17455 Bear Valley Rd. Hesperia, CA 92345 760-949-3400

Probiotic Solutions 20889 Geyserville Ave. Geyserville, CA 95441 707-354-4342 ----------------------------------------------

Hydroponics Outlet 320 Kishimura Dr., Unit #3 Gilroy, CA 95020 408-848-0884 ----------------------------------------------

Hydrogarden Mendocino County 1240 North Main St. Fort Bragg, CA 95437 707-962-9252 ----------------------------------------------

A Fertile World (Fortuna) 610 7th St. Fortuna, CA 95540 707-725-0700 ----------------------------------------------

Northcoast Horticulture Supply 357 Main St. Fortuna, CA 95540 707-725-5550 ---------------------------------------------Nature’s Secret Garden & Supply 41451 Albrae St. Fremont, CA 94577 510-623-8393 ----------------------------------------------

Gro More Gard en Supply & Hydroponics Gro More Garden Supply & Hydroponics 2686 Clovis Ave., Suite 109 Fresno, CA 93727 559-348-1055 ----------------------------------------------

Roots Grow Supply 1330 North Hulbert, #101 Fresno, CA 93728 559-840-0122 ----------------------------------------------

Surf City Hydroponics 7391 Warner Ave., Suite B Huntington Beach, CA 92647 714-847-7900 Hydroluv Hydroponics 16582 Gothard St. Huntington Beach, CA 92647 714-916-0428 Dutch Garden Supplies Park Circle, Suite 12 Irvine, CA 92614 949-748-8777

Dirt Cheap Hydroponics 17975 H Hwy. 1 Fort Bragg, CA 95437 707-964-4211 Headlands Garden Supply 630 North Franklin St. Fort Bragg, CA 95437 707-964-4447

Emerald Garden 13325 South Hwy. 101 Hopland, CA 95482 707-744-8300

Zen Hydroponics 1801 Victory Blvd. Glendale, CA 91201 877 ZEN Grow; 818-806-4500 ---------------------------------------------Laid Back Gardens 340 Pine Avenue Goleta, CA 93117 805-845-2471 ----------------------------------------------

West Coast Hydroponics, Inc. 27665 Forbes Rd., Unit 10 Laguna Niguel, CA 92677 949-348-2424 Hydro Life Hydroponics 18109 E Valley Blvd. La Puente, CA 91744 626-581-8800 La Habra Hydroponics 1301 S Beach Blvd., Suite O La Habra, CA 90631 562-947-8383 ----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------

Hydro Bros. 1471 B St., Suite F Livingston, CA 95334 209-394-7319 ---------------------------------------------Big Daddy Garden Supply 42400 Hwy. 101 Laytonville, CA 95454 707-984-7181 Weather Top Nursery 44901 Harmon Dr. Laytonville, CA 95454 707-984-6385 Livermore Hydroponics 22 Rickenbacker Crl. S Livermore, CA 94551 925-454-9376 DL Wholesale 6764 Preston Ave., Suite D Livermore, CA 94551 510-550-0018 ----------------------------------------------

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 6485 Brisa St. Livermore, CA 94550 888-570-4678 (Southern CA) ----------------------------------------------

SweetLeafHydro

Grass Valley Hydrogarden 12506 Loma Rica Dr. Grass Valley, CA 95945 530-477-2996 grassvalleyhydrogarden.com ----------------------------------------------

AG Natural 403 Idaho Maryland Rd. Grass Valley, CA 95945 530-274 0990 ---------------------------------------------West Coast Growers Hydroponics 13481 Colifax Hwy. Grass Valley, CA 95945 888-924-4769 530 Hydo & Soil 10021 Wolf Rd. C-16 Grass Velley, CA 95949 Joy’s Green Garden Supply 340-A Elm Ave. Greenfield, CA 93927 831-674-1416 All Seasons Hydroponics 17614 Chatsworth St. Granada Hills, CA 91344 818-368-4388 Dirt Cheap Hydroponic 151 N 7th St. #4 Grover Beach, CA 93433 805-473-3478

North Side Garden Supply 4529 N. Marty, Suite 102 Fresno, CA 93722 559-495-1140

Growers Choice Hydroponics 42089 Watkins St. Hayward, CA 94544 510-278-6200

Full Scale Soil & Hydro 2501 Business Park, Suite A Fresno, CA 93727 559 292 ROOT Valley Hydroponics 207 E. Sierra Ave. Fresno, CA 93710 559-449-0426

Grass Roots Hydroponics 31875 Corydon, Suite 130 Lake Elsinore, CA 92530 951-245-2390 ----------------------------------------------

South County Hydroponics 22511 Aspan St., Suite A Lake Forest, CA 92630 949-837-8252 ---------------------------------------------Clover Hydroponics & Garden Supply 43 Soda Bay Rd. Lakeport, CA 95453 707-263-4000 ----------------------------------------------

San Diego Hydroponics East County 11649 Riverside Dr., Suite 141 Lakeside, CA 92040 619-562-3276 ----------------------------------------------

Sweet Leaf Hydroponics 523 W Harney Ln #7 Lodi, CA USA, 95240 209-365-6100 ---------------------------------------------VIP Garden Supply 203 Commerce St., Suite 101 Lodi, CA 95240 209-339-9950 Valley Rock Landscape Supply 2222 N H St. Lompoc, CA 93436 805-736-0841; 805-735-5921 562 Hydro Shop 717 East Artesia Blvd. Long Beach, CA 90805 562-726-1101 ----------------------------------------------

Green Coast Hydroponics 2405 Mira Mar Ave. Long Beach, CA 90815 562-627-5636 ---------------------------------------------Grow Light Express 5318 East Second St., Suite 164 Long Beach, CA 90803 888-318-GROW ----------------------------------------------

Long Beach Hydroponics & Organics

----------------------------------------------

Green Coast Hydroponics 16705 Roscoe Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 91406 818-672-8880 ----------------------------------------------

Green Coast Hydroponics 3865 Grand View Blvd. Los Angeles, CA90066 310-398-0700 ---------------------------------------------Green Door Hydro and Solar 830 Traction Ave. Los Angeles, CA 90013 212-625-1323 Hardman Hydroponics 3511 Youree Dr., Shreveport Los Angeles, CA 71105 318-865-0317 Hollywood Hydroponics & Organics 5109 1/2 Hollywood Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90027-6105 323-662-1908 Hydroasis 2643 S. Fairfax Ave. Los Angeles, CA 90232 888-355-4769 LAX Hydro 10912 S. La Cienaga Boulevard Los Angeles, CA 90304 310-337-6995 Nirvana Hydroponics 340 South San Pedro Los Angeles, CA 90013 310-795-2914 ----------------------------------------------

Sunland Hydroponics 4136 Eagle Rock Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90065 323-254-2800 ----------------------------------------------

Superior Hydroponic Supply 5651 Hollywood Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90028 323-465-grow (4769) ---------------------------------------------Green Giant Hydroponics 7183 Hwy. 49 Unit B Lotus, CA 95651 530-622-4465 Big Momma’s 11455 Clayton Creek Rd. Lower Lake, CA 95457 707-994-1788 California Green Hydroponics 16491 Rd., 26, Suite 101 Madera, CA 93638 559-674-1400 Grow 22333 Pacific Coast Hwy., Suite 101 Malibu, CA 90265 310-456-2910

M.G.S. 22540 D FoothillBlvd. Hayward, CA 94541 510-582-0900

Total Hydroponics Center Inc 4820 Paramount Blvd. Lakewood, CA 90712 562-984-GROW (4769) ----------------------------------------------

Long Beach, CA 90815 562-498-9525 ----------------------------------------------

Deep Roots Garden Center & Flower Shop 207 N. Sepulveda Blvd. Manhattan Beach, CA 90266 310-376-0567

American Ave Hydroponics 1208 W. Winton Ave. Hayward, CA 94545 510-785-4376

Room to Grow 43511 13th St. W Lancaster, CA 43511 661-940-5599

Atwater Hydroponics 3350 Glendale Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90039 323-663-8881

B & S Gardening Supplies 592 Commerce Court Manteca, CA 95336 209-239-8648

1772 Clark Ave.

----------------------------------------------

Monterey Bay Horticulture Supply 218 Reindollar Ave., Suite 7A Marina, CA 93933 831-38-HYDRO ---------------------------------------------Two Chix Garden Supply 1230 Yuba St. Marysville, CA 95901 530-923-2536 ----------------------------------------------

Northcoast Horticulture Supply 1580 Nursery Way, Suite D McKinleyville, CA 95519 707-839-9998 ---------------------------------------------Mendocino Garden Shop 44720 Maint St. (at Hwy. 1) Mendocino, CA 95460 707-937-3459 Hooked Up Hydroponics 1004 W. 15th St. Suite B & C Merced, CA 95340 209-723-1300 Indoor/Outdoor Garden Supply 1501 W. Main St. Merced, CA 95340 209-580-4425 The Urban Farmer Store 653 E. Blithedale Ave. Mill Valley, CA 94941 415-380-3840 Hydroponics Inc. 3811 Wacker Dr. Mira Loma, CA 91752 951-685-4769 Mission Viejo Hydroponics 24002 Via Fabricante Suite 502 Mission Viejo, CA 92691 949-380-1894 Central Valley Gardening 509 Winmoore Way, Suite T Modesto, CA 95358 209-537-GROW Coca’s Central Valley Hydroponics 116 West Orangeburg Ave. Modesto, CA 95350 209-567-0590 ----------------------------------------------

Hydro Bros. 521 Winmoore Way, Suite A Modesto, CA 95358 209-537-8220 ---------------------------------------------Growers Choice Hydroponics 1100 Carver Rd. #20 Modesto, CA 95350 209-522-2727 Hydro Max 664 Bitritto CT Modesto, CA 95356 209-491-2816 Year Round Garden Supply 11000 Carver Rd. #20 Modesto, CA 95350 209-522-2727 ----------------------------------------------

Green Light Hydroponics 2615 Honolula Ave. Montrose, CA 91020 818-640-2623 ----------------------------------------------

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

173

MAXIMUM YIELD distributors 247 Garden 1101 Monterey Pass Rd., Unit B Monterey Park, CA 91754 323-318-2600 South Bay Hydroponics and Organics - Mtn. View 569 East Evelyn Ave. Mountain View, CA 94041 650-968-4070 Murphys Hydroponics & Organics 785 Murphys Creek Rd., Suite C2 Murphys, CA 95247 209-728-8058 Redwood Garden Supply 55 Myers Ave. Myers Flat, CA 95554 707-943-1515 ----------------------------------------------

Endless Green Hydroponics 25 Enterprise Court, Suite 3 Napa, CA 94558 707-254-0200 ---------------------------------------------Wyatt Supply 4407 Solano Ave. Napa, CA 94558 707-251-3747 ---------------------------------------------Conejo Hydroponics 3481 Old Conejo Rd., #106 Newbury Park, CA 91320 805-480-9596 ----------------------------------------------

Vital Landscaping Inc. 204 Gold Flat Ct. #7 Nevada City, CA 95959 530-273-3187 ---------------------------------------------Big Momma’s 2581 Stokes Ave. Nice, CA 95464 707-274-8369 Foothill Hydroponics 10705 Burbank Blvd. N. Hollywood, CA 91601 818-760-0688 One Stop Hydroponics 12822 Victory Blvd N. Hollywood, CA 91606 818-980-5855 Lumatek Digital Ballasts 33 Commercial Boulevard, Suite B Novato, CA 94949 415-233-4273 Marin Hydroponics 1219 Grant Ave. Novato, CA 94945 415-897-2197 Roots Grow Supply 40091 Enterprise Dr. Oakhurst, CA 93644 559-683-6622 3rd Street Hydroponics 692 4th St. Oakland, CA 94607 510-452-5521 ----------------------------------------------

Grass Valley Hydrogarden 12506 Loma Rica Dr. grass valley, CA 95945 530-477-2996 ---------------------------------------------Medicine Man Farms 1602 53rd Ave. Oakland, CA 94601 707-980-0456

174

Retail Stores listed alphabetically by city in each state.

Plant-N-Grow 1602 53rd Ave. Oakland, CA 94601 707-980-0456

Amazon Growing Needs 5369 Old Olive Hwy. Oroville, CA 95966 530-589-9850

Hydrobrew 1319 South Coast Hwy. Oceanside, CA 92054 760-966-1885; 877-966-GROW

US Orchid & Hydroponic Supplies 1621 South Rose Ave. Oxnard, CA 93033 805-247-0086 ----------------------------------------------

Socal Hydroponics 1727-B Oceanside Blvd. Oceanside, CA 92054 760-439-1084 Cultivate Ontario 2000 Grove Ave. #a110 Ontario, CA 91761 909-781-6142 Flairform 1751 S Pointe Ave. Ontario, CA 91761 213-596-8820 ----------------------------------------------

Green Coast Ontario Unit 102-103 1920 S. Rochester Ave. Ontario, CA 909-605-5777 ----------------------------------------------

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 1950 C South Grove Ave. Ontario, CA 91761 888-888-3319 ---------------------------------------------Palm Tree Hydroponics 2235 E 4th St., Suite G Ontario, CA 91764 909-941-9017 ----------------------------------------------

RH Distribution 1751 S. Pointe Ave. Ontario, CA 91761 888-545-8112 ----------------------------------------------

America’s Best Hydroponics & Gardening Center 641 W. Palmdale Blvd., Unit D Palmdale, CA 93551 661-266-3906 ----------------------------------------------

Hydroponics Unlimited 641 W. Palmdale Blvd., D Palmdale, CA 93550 661-266-3906 ----------------------------------------------

DNA Hydroponics Inc 19345 North Indian Canyon Dr., Suite 2-F N. Palm Springs, CA 92258 760-671-5872 ----------------------------------------------

Igro Hydro 2280 Veatch St. Oroville, CA 95965 530-534-4476 ----------------------------------------------

Advanced Soil & Garden Supply 350 Oro Dam Blvd. Oroville, CA 95965 530-533-2747 ---------------------------------------------Orville Organic Gardens 5250 Olive Hwy., Suite 1 Oroville, CA 95966 530-589-9950 Amazon Garden Supply 29 Ridge View Lane Oroville, CA 95966 530-589-5054 Amazon Greenlight 521 Cal Oak Rd. Oroville, CA 95966 530-534-4769

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

Funny Farms Hydroponics 963 Transport Way, #12 Petaluma, CA 94954 707-775-3111 ---------------------------------------------House of Hydro 224 Weller St., #B Petaluma, CA 94952 707-762-4769 Hydrofarm, Inc. 2249 South McDowell Ext. Petaluma, CA 94954 800-634-9990 Wyatt Supply 1016 Lakeville St Petaluma, CA 94952 707-762-3747 JNJ Hydroponics 4774 Phelan Rd., Suite 2 Phelan, CA 92371 760-868-0002 Turbo Grow 1889 San Pablo Ave. Pinole, CA 94564 510-724-1291 All Elements Hydroponics & Gardening Supply 5623 Motherlode Dr. Placerville, CA 95667 530-642-4215 Hillside Hydro & Garden 4570 Pleasant Valley Rd. Placerville CA 95662 530-644-1401 IGS Hydroponics & Organics 57 California Ave., Suite 1 Pleasonton, CA 94566 925-426-GROW

Green Bros Hydroponics 14072 Osborne St. Panorama City, CA 91402 818-891-0200 ---------------------------------------------Mission Hydroponics 1236 East Mission Pomona, CA 91766 909-620-7099

Green Coast Hydroponics 496 Meats Ave. Orange, CA 92865 714-974-4769 ---------------------------------------------Greenback Garden Supply 9341 Greenback Ln., Suite C Orangevale, CA 95662 530-391-4329

Deep Roots Hydroponics 830 Perry Lane Petaluma, CA 94954-5320 707-776-2800 ----------------------------------------------

New Leaf Hydro 34150 123rd St. Parablossom, CA 93553 661-944-2226 Alternative Hydro 3870 East, Colorado Blvd. Pasadena, CA 91107 888-50-HYDRO 365 Hydroponics 2062 Lincoln Ave. Pasadena, CA 91103 626-345-9015 Garden All Year Inc. 3850 Ramada Dr., Unit D2 Paso Robles, CA 93446 805-434-2333 Supersonic Hydroponic & Organic Garden Supply 3850 Ramada Dr., Unit D2 Paso Robles, CA 93446 805-434-2333 Foothills Hydrogarden 3133 Penryn Rd. Penryn, CA 95663 916-270-2413 ----------------------------------------------

Four Seasons Landscape Materials 17115 Penn Valley Dr. Penn Valley, CA 95946 530-432-9906 ----------------------------------------------

Best Yield Garden Supply 3503 West Temple Ave., Unit A Pomona, CA 91768 909-839-0505 Mission Hydroponics 1236 East Mission Pomona, CA 91766 909-620-7099 Hand’s On Hydroponics 3320 North Cedar Ave. Presno, CA 93726 559-222-7770 Emerald Garden 8249 Archibald Ave. Ranch Cucamanga, CA 91730 909-466-3796 The Growbiz 3127 Fite Circle Rancho Cordova, CA 95827 916-315-3580 Shadow Valley Aquatics 75 Kimick Way Red Bluff, CA 96080 530-526-0479 Bare Roots Hydroponics 1615 East Cypress, #5 Redding, CA 96002 530-244-2215 Hydro King 105 Hartnell Ave., Suite C and D Redding, CA 96002 888-822-8941 ----------------------------------------------

The Hydro Shop of Redondo Beach 1304 S. Pacific Coast Hwy Redondo Beach, CA 90277 310-540-2005 ---------------------------------------------Radiant Roots Gardening & Hydroponics 1394 S Pacific Coast Hwy. Redondo Beach, CA 90277 310-540-2005

----------------------------------------------

Dazey’s Supply 3082 Redwood Dr. Redway, CA 95560 707-923-3002 ---------------------------------------------Humboldt Hydroponics 2010 Tunnel Rd. Redway, CA 95560 707-923-1402 Redway Feed Garden & Pet Supply 290 Briceland Rd. Redway, CA 95560 707-923-2765 Sylvandale Gardens 1151 Evergreen Rd. Redway, CA 95560 707-923-3606 Orsa Organix 111 Willow St. Redwood City, CA 94063 650-369-1269 ----------------------------------------------

Mendocino Greenhouse & Garden Supply 960 East School Way Redwood Valley, CA 95470 707-485-0668 ------------------------Hydro Hills Hydroponics 19320 Vanowen St. Reseda, CA 91335 Hi-Tech Gardening 5327 Jacuzzi St., #282 Richmond, CA 94804 510-524-4710 The Urban Farmer Store 2121 San Joaquin St. Richmond, CA 94804 510-524-1604 All Ways Hydro 2220 Eastridge Ave., Suite C Riverside, CA 92507 888-HYDRO98 Calwest Hydroponics 11620 Sterling Ave., Suite A Riverside, CA 92503 800-301-9009 ----------------------------------------------

Discount Hydroponics 4745 Hiers Ave. Riverside, CA 92505 877-476-9487 ---------------------------------------------Green Forest Hydro 570 E La Cadena Dr., Suite #1D Riverside, CA 92507 951-784-5733, Fax 951-704-4633 Hydro Depot 5665 Redwood Dr., #B Rohnert Park, CA 94928 707-584-2384 Constantly Growing 1918 16th St. Sacramento, CA 95811 916-448-1882 Green Acres Hydroponics 1215 Striker Ave., Suite 180 Sacramento, CA 95834 916-419-4394

----------------------------------------------

KY Wholesale 8671 Elder Creek Rd. #600 Sacramento, CA 95828 916-383-3366 ---------------------------------------------Hydro City 8510 Morrison Creek Dr. Suite 200 Sacramento, CA 95828 916-388-8333 J Street HydroGarden 2321 J St. Sacramento, CA 95816 916-444-4473 Mystic Gardens 8484 Florin Rd., #110 Sacramento, CA 95828 916-381-2464 Sac Hydroponics 9529 Folson Blvd., Suite C Sacramento, CA 95827 916-369-7968 Skywide Import & Export Ltd. 5900 Lemon Hill Ave. Sacramento, CA 95824 916-383-2369 Tradewinds Wholesale Garden Supplies 1235 Striker Ave. #180 Sacramento, CA 95834 888-557-8896 Green Joint Ventures 61 Tarp Circle Salinas, CA 93901 831-998-8628 ----------------------------------------------

Reforestation Technologies International 1341 Daton St., Unit G Salinas, CA 93901 800-784-4769 ----------------------------------------------

Xtreme Gardening 1341 Dayton St., Annex B Salinas, CA 93901 800-784-4769 ----------------------------------------------

National Garden Wholesale / Sunlight Supply 1900 Bendixsen St., Bldg. 1 Samoa, CA 95564 800-683-1114 (Northern CA) ---------------------------------------------Sanger Garden Supply 725 Academy Ave. Sanger, CA 93657 559-259-7597 Greenmile Hydroponic Garden Supply 1480 South E. St., Suite D San Bernardino, CA 92408 909-885-5919 Pure Food Gardening/ Microclone 830 H Bransten Rd. San Carlos, CA 94070-3338 ----------------------------------------------

Greenfire Sacramento 3230 Auburn Blvd. Sacramento, CA 95821 916-485-8023 Green Thumb Hydroponics 1537 Fulton Ave. Sacramento, CA 95825 916-934-2476 Green Thumb Hydroponics 35 Quinta Court, Suite B Sacramento, CA 95823 916-689-6464

Green Gopher Garden Supply 679 Redwood Ave., Suite A Sand City, CA 93955 831-899-0203 ----------------------------------------------

Best Coast Growers 4417 Glacier Ave., Suite C San Diego, CA 92120 800-827-1876 City Farmer’s Nursery 4832 Home Ave San Diego, CA 92105 619-284-6358 Home Brews & Gardens 3176 Thorn St. San Diego, CA 92104 619-630-2739 Indoor Garden Depot 1848 Commercial St. San Diego, CA 92113 619-255-3552 Innovative Growing Solutions (IGS) 5060 Santa Fe St., Suite D San Diego, CA 92109 858-578-4477 ----------------------------------------------

Mighty Garden Supply 4780 Mission Gorge Pl. #A-1 San Diego, CA 92120 619-287-3238 ---------------------------------------------Miramar Hydroponics & Organics 8952 Empire St. San Diego, CA 92126 858-549-8649 ----------------------------------------------

Oracle Garden Supply 5755 Oberlin Dr., Suite 100 San Diego, CA 92121 858-558-6006 ----------------------------------------------

San Diego Hydroponics Beach Cities 4122 Napier St. San Diego, CA 92110 619-276-0657 ---------------------------------------------Direct Hydroponics Wholesale 1034 W. Arrow Hwy. #D San Dimas, CA 91773 888-924-9376 ----------------------------------------------

House of Hydroponics 732 W. Arrow Hwy. San Dimas, CA 91773 877-592-5111; 909-592-5111 ---------------------------------------------Liquid Gardens 1034 West Arrow Hwy. #D San Dimas, CA 91773 888-924-9376 ----------------------------------------------

Grow Your Own Hydroponics & Organics - West 3401 Taraval St. san Francisco, CA 94116 415-731-2115 ---------------------------------------------Hydro Depot 2090 Cesar Chavez St. San Francisco, CA 94124 415-282-5200 The Hydroponic Connection Warehouse 1995 Evans Ave. San Francisco, CA 94124 415-824-9376

The Hydroponic Connection San Francisco 1549 Custer Ave. San Francisco, CA 94124 415-864-9376 Nor Cal Hydroponics 4837 Geary Blvd. San Francisco, CA 94118 415-933-8262 Plant It Earth Warehouse 1 Dorman Ave. San Francisco, CA 94124 415-970-2465 San Francisco Hydro 123 Tenth St. San Francisco, CA 94103 Urban Gardens 1394 Lowrie St. San Francisco, CA 94080 650-588-5792 ----------------------------------------------

Urban Gardens. 704 Filbert St. San Francisco, CA 94133 415-421-4769 ---------------------------------------------The Urban Farmer Store 2833 Vicente St. San Francisco, CA 94116 415-661-2204 US Garden 417 Agostinio Rd. San Gabriel, CA 91776 626-285-5009 Inland Empire Hydrogarden 1301-C South State St. San Jancinto, CA 92853 ----------------------------------------------

Glow Hydroponics 124-H Blossom Hill Rd. San Jose, CA 95123 408-455-7720 ---------------------------------------------Hahn’s Lighting 260 E. VA Suite 1 San Jose, CA 95112 408-295-1755 Plant Life 32 Race St. San Jose, CA 95126 408-283-9191 ----------------------------------------------

Rasa Hydroponics 5725 Winfield Blvd., Suite 8 San Jose, CA 95123 408-227-7272 ---------------------------------------------Sunny Tool 580 Parrott St. San Jose, CA 95112 408-278-1800 ----------------------------------------------

D&S Garden Supplies 17-130 Doolittle Dr. San Leandro, CA 94577 510-430-8589

----------------------------------------------

Wyatt Supply 747 Yolanda Ave. Santa Rosa, CA 95404 707-578-3747

Hydrogarden Delight 13762 Doolittle Dr. San Leandro, CA 94577 510-903-1808

SCV Hydro 25845 Railroad Ave. # 5 & 6 Santa Clarita, CA USA, 91350 661-255-3700 ----------------------------------------------

Next Generation Hydroponics 10658 Prospect Ave., Suite A Santee, CA 92071 619-438 2415

Central Coast Hydrogarden 1951 Santa Barbara St. San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 805-544-GROW ----------------------------------------------

Healthy Harvest Hydroponics and Organics 2958 S. Higuera St. San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 805-596-0430 ----------------------------------------------

Gro Pro Garden Supply 841 Racheros Dr. San Marcos, CA 1906 760-735-8604 ----------------------------------------------

San Diego Hydroponics North County Inland 802 N. Twin Oaks Valley Rd #108 San Marcos, CA 92069 760-510-1444 ---------------------------------------------Murphy’s Hydroponics & Organics 799 W. Stocktan St. Sanora, CA 95370 209-532-2022 Marin Hydroponics 721 Francisco Blvd. East San Rafael, CA 94901 415-482-8802 San Rafael Hydroponics 1417 Fourth St. San Rafael, CA 94901 415-455-9655 55 Hydroponics 1727 Boyd St. Santa Ana, CA 92705 714-259-7755 Nutes Int’l 204 N Quarantina St. Santa Barbara, CA 93103 805-687-6699 ----------------------------------------------

Green Coast Hydroponics 135 Nogal Dr. Santa Barbara, CA 93110 805-898-9922 ---------------------------------------------Planet Earth Hydroponics 102 East Haley St. Santa Barbara, CA 93101 805-899-0033 ----------------------------------------------

South Bay Hydroponics and Organics - San Jose 1185 South Bascom Ave. San Jose, CA 95128 408-292-4040 ---------------------------------------------Urban Gardens 1999 Monterey Rd. San Jose, CA 95125 408-298-8081

Urban Grow Systems 204 N Quarantina St. Santa Barbara, CA 93103 805-637-6699 ----------------------------------------------

Beach Cities Hydroponics 33155 Camino Capistrano Unit F. San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675 949-493-4200

Modern Gardens 26620 Valley Center Dr., Unit #104 Santa Clarita, CA 91351 661-513-4733

Hydro-Logic Purification Systems 370 Encinal St., Suite 150 Santa Cruz, CA 95060 888-H2O-LOGIC ----------------------------------------------

Santa Cruz Hydroponics & Organics - West Side 815 Almar Ave., Unit K Santa Cruz, CA 95060 831-466-9000 ---------------------------------------------Hydrofarm Southwest 12991 Leffingwell Rd. Santa Fe Springs, CA 90670 800-634-9990 California Hydroponics 600 N. Broadway Santa Maria CA 93454 805-614-9376

Santee Hydroponics 7949 Mission Gorge Rd. Santee, CA 92071 619-270-8649 ---------------------------------------------Gardening Unlimited 60 Old El Pueblo Rd. Scotts Valley, CA 95066 831-457-1236 ---------------------------------------------Deep Roots Hydroponics 2661 Gravenstein Hwy. S #E Sebastopol, CA 95472-8200 707-829-7668 Hydro Depot 6731 Sebastopol Ave. Sebastopol, CA 95472 707-829-1510 loom Brothers Garden Supply, Inc. 3293 Industry Dr. Signal Hill, CA 90755 562-494-0060 ----------------------------------------------

Big Daddy Garden Supply 3236 Dutton Ave. Santa Rosa, CA 95407 707-535-0996 Deep Roots Hydroponics 3715 Santa Rosa Ave. Suite A2 Santa Rosa, CA 95407 707-540-0773 Garden Spout, The 1236 Briggs Ave. Santa Rosa, CA 95401 707-528-3500 ----------------------------------------------

Grow Life Hydroponics 3285 Santa Rosa Ave. Santa Rosa, CA USA, 95407 707-433-2333 ---------------------------------------------Gottagrow Garden Supply 769 Wilson St. Santa Rosa, CA 95404 707-544-7782 ----------------------------------------------

Green Logic Garden Supply 860 Piner Rd, #38 Santa Rosa, CA 95403 707-843-3156 ---------------------------------------------Hydro Depot 13 West 3rd St. Santa Rosa, CA 95401 707-542-3866 Organic Bountea 1919 Dennis Lane Santa Rosa, CA 95403 800-798-0765 Sonoma Hydro LLC 3535 Industrial Dr., Suite B2-3 Santa Rosa, CA 95403 707-544-3383 ----------------------------------------------

Santa Rosa Hydroponics 4880 Sonoma Hwy. Santa Rosa, CA 707-595-1340 Santa Rosa Hydroponics 4130 S Moorland Ave. Santa Rosa, CA 707-584-9370 ----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------

Orange County Hydroponics 12797 Beach Blvd. Stanton, CA 90680 714-893-9493 ----------------------------------------------

HomeGrown Indoor Garden Supply 681 A Grider Way Stockton, CA 95210 209-477-4447 ---------------------------------------------Golden Harvest Hydroponics & Garden Supply 8626 Lower Sacramento Road #48 Stockton, CA 95210 209-951-3550 M&M Garden Supply 2509 West Lane, Suite B Stockton, CA 95205 209-939-0664 Pacific Ave Indoor Garden Supply 4633 Pacific Ave Stockton, CA 95207 209-955-0945 Hydroponics Depot 8712 Sunland Blvd. Sun Valley, CA 91352 818-771-0600 ----------------------------------------------

We Grow Hydroponics 3350 East Los Angeles Ave. Simi Valley, CA 93063 805-624-4566 ---------------------------------------------Green Universe Inc. 19618 8th St. E Sonoma, CA 95476 707-320-0554

Sunland Hydroponics 8300 Foothill Blvd. Sunland, CA 91040 818-352-5300 ----------------------------------------------

Valley Hydro and Organics 19230 Sonoma Hwy. Sonoma, CA 95476 707-396-8734 Motherlode Hydroponics and Organics 799 W Stockton St. Sonora, CA 95370 209-532-2022 ----------------------------------------------

South Bay Hydroponics & Organics - Sunnyvale 1205 W. El Camino Real Sunnyvale, CA 94087 650-968-4070 ---------------------------------------------Beyond Hydro Inc. 12639 San Fernando Rd. Sylmar, CA 91342 818-362-5373

Santa Cruz Hydroponics & Organics - East Side 4000 Cordelia Lane Soquel, CA 95073 831-475-9900 ----------------------------------------------

Advanced Garden Supply 2660 Lake Tahoe Blvd. Building C, Unit 9 S. Lake Tahoe, CA 96150 530-541-4769 ----------------------------------------------

Tahoe Garden Supply 645 Westlake Blvd., Suite 2 Tahoe City, CA 96145 530-581-3200 The Otherside Hydroponics 19425 Ventura Blvd. Tarzana, CA 91356 818-881-HYDRO (4937) ----------------------------------------------

Grass Roots Hydroponics 27250 Madison Ave. Suite C Temecula, CA 92590 951-296-1090 ----------------------------------------------

Farm Hydroponics, The 1950 Lake Tahoe Boulevard #3 S. Lake Tahoe, CA 96150 530-541-3276

Hydroponics 4 Less 41669 Winchester Ave. Temecula, CA 92590 800-A1-HYDRO

East County Hydroponics 9903 Campo Rd. Spring Valley, CA 91977 619-825-5097

Inland Empire Hydrogarden 28822 Old Town Front St. #206 Temecula, CA 92590 886-74-HYDRO

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

175

MAXIMUM YIELD distributors 805 Hydroponics & Organics 1785 E. Thousand Oaks Blvd. Thousand Oaks, CA 91362 805-494-1785 Green Thumb Lighting & Garden 1647 W. Sepulveda Blvd., Unit 5 Torrance, CA 90501 888-326-GROW

The Green Shop 66420 Mooney Blvd., Suite 1 Visalia, CA 93277 559-688-4200 ----------------------------------------------

Los Angeles Hydroponics & Organics 3007-3009 W. Artesia Blvd. Torrance, CA 90504 310-323-4937

BWGS-CA 7530 W. Sunnyview Ave. Visalia, CA 93291 888-316-1306 ----------------------------------------------

Growers Choice Hydroponics 470 W. Larch Rd. #1 Tracy, CA 95304 209-833-1212

Kaweah Grower Supply 1106 1/2 N. Ben Maddox Way Visalia, CA 93293 559-625-4937

Tracy Hydroponics 543 W. Grant Line Tracy, CA 95376 209-207-9065

Greentrees Hydroponics Inc. 2581 Pioneer Ave., Unit D Vista, CA 92081 760-598-7551

Anything Grows 10607 W. River St., Bldg. 3 Suite C Truckee, CA 96161 530-582-0479 Aloha Hydroponics 225 Lander Ave. Turlock, CA 95380 209-667-6653 Garden Depot Hydroponics 1460 Freitas Park Turlock, CA 95380 209-250-0101 Hooked Up Hydroponics 339 S. Golden State Blvd. Turlock, CA 95380 209-668-1300

Home Life Hydroponics and Organics 1745 East Vista Way Vista, CA 92084 760-643-2150 ----------------------------------------------

Specialty Garden Supply 7 Hangar Way, Suite B Watsonville, CA 95075 831-768-0420 ----------------------------------------------

Big Daddy Garden Supply 310 Mason St. Ukiah, CA 95482 707-467-9234

Evergreen Farm Feed & Garden 1131 Main St. Weaverville, CA 96093 530-623-2884

Emerald Garden 307 East Perkins St. Ukiah, CA 95482 707-463-2510

Art of Hydro 5740 Corsa Ave. #102 Westlake Village, CA 91362 818-865-2227

HydroPacific - Hydroponics & Garden Supplies 351 C Hastings Ave. Ukiah, CA 95482 707-467-0400

California Hydro Garden 1043 S. Glendora Ave., Suite A West Covina, CA 91790 626-813-0868

Northcoast Hydrogardens 3450 North State St. Ukiah, CA 95482 707-462-7214 Wyatt Supply 2200 N. State St. Ukiah, CA 95482 707-462-7473 TNC Supply 9490 Main St., P.O. Box 763 Upper Lake, CA 95485 707-275-9565 ----------------------------------------------

North Bay Hydroponics 1650 Lewis Brown Dr. Vallejo, CA 94589 707-647-0774 ----------------------------------------------

No Stress Hydroponics 7543 Santa Monica Blvd. W. Hollywood, CA 90046 323-845-9874 Hydronation 2491 Boatman Dr., Suite B W. Sacramento, CA 95691 916-372-4444 Flower Hut Nursery 603 4th St. Wheatland, CA 95692 530-633-4526 GreenWay Hydroponics 11510 Whittier Blvd. Whittier, CA 90601 Lazy Gardeners Hydroponics ‘N’ More 14626 East Whittier Blvd. Whittier, CA 90605 562-945-0909 Garden Spout, The 260 Margie Dr. Willits, CA 95490 707-456-0196 ----------------------------------------------

Green Coast 16705 Roscoe Blvd. Van Nuys, CA 91406 818-672-8880 ---------------------------------------------Hydroponics Market 15816 Arminta St. Van Nuys, CA 91406 818-305-6261; 886-72-HYDRO Blazzin Hydroponics 6650 Cresent St. Ventura, CA 93003 805-644-9376 Kinney Nursery 4115 Rowles Rd. Vina, CA 96092 530-839-2196

176

Jolly Rancher Hydroponics 399 Business Park Ctr., Suite 205 Windsor, CA 95492 707-838-0842 ---------------------------------------------Green Acres 20946 Victory Blvd. Woodland Hills, CA 91367 Sparetime Supply 208 E. San Francisco Ave. Willits, CA 95490-4006

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

Retail Stores listed alphabetically by city in each state.

Farmer Browns Garden Supply 80 Country Club Rd. Willow Creek, CA 95573 530-629-3100 ----------------------------------------------

Grow Life Hydroponics 22516 Ventura Blvd

----------------------------------------------

Indoor Garden Warehouse 8100 S Akron St., Suite 322 Centennial, CO 80112 720-496-2110

The Grofax 7540 East Colfax Ave. Denver, CO 80220 720-328-2127

Grow Life Hydroponics 40800 Highway 6 Unit 5 & 9 Avon, CO USA, 81620 970 949 1671 ----------------------------------------------

Indoor Gardener, The 3225 I-70 Business Loop, Unit A10 Clifton, Co 81520 970-434-9999

The Grofax 755 South Federal Blvd. Denver, CO 80219 720-328-5164

Rooted Hydroponics & Organics – Vail 910 Nottingham Road Unit N-11 & N-12 Avon, CO 81620 970-748-1222 ----------------------------------------------

Garden Tech 737 Garden of the Gods Rd. Colorado Springs, CO 80907 719-278-9777 Grotools 2408 East Platte Ave. Colorado Springs, CO 80909 719-475-7699

The Grow Outlet 4272 Lowell Blvd. Denver, CO 80211 303-586-5543 ----------------------------------------------

Woodland Hills, CA USA, 91364

818 876 0222 ---------------------------------------------Urban Gardens 22516 Ventura Blvd. Woodland Hills, CA 91364 818-876-0222 ----------------------------------------------

Ultra Lo Hydro ultralohydro.com 937-252-8224 ---------------------------------------------Garden Highway Garden Supply 598 Garden Highway #22 Yuba City, CA 95991 530-755-2877 Golden Valley Hydroponics 870 W. Onsott Rd. Suite F Yuba City, CA 95993 530-763-2151 Southern Humbolt Garden Supplies 31653 Outer Highway 10 Yacaipa, CA 92373 909-794-6888 Yucca Valley Hydroponics 56825 Twentynine Palms Hwy. Yucca Valley, CA 92284 760-369-0300

COLORADO South Park Hydroponics 42 E Buckskin Rd. Alma, CO 80420 719-836-1533 Green Spot Garden Center & Antiques 711 State Ave. Alamosa, CO 81101 719-589-6362 The Hydro Store 6695 Wadsworth Blvd. #C Arvada, CO 80004 720-328-3746 The Grofax 25797 Conifer Rd. #A-8 Aspen Park, CO 80433 303-838-5520 Aurora Hydroponic LLC 4250 S Chambers Rd. Aurora, CO 80014 303-400-6941 ----------------------------------------------

The Big Tomato Indoor Garden Supply 14440 E. 6th Ave. Aurora, CO 80011 303-364-4769 ----------------------------------------------

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 3550 B Odessa Way Aurora, CO 80011 866-877-4188 (Northeast) ----------------------------------------------

Nick’s Garden Center 2001 S. Chambers Aurora, CO 80014 303-696-6657 ----------------------------------------------

\ Black Dog LED 2885 Aurora Ave. #38 Boulder, CO 80303 720-420-1209 sales@blackdogLED.com ---------------------------------------------Boulder Hydroponics 1630 N 63rd St. Boulder, CO 80301 303-415-0045 Candy Shop Hydroponics LLC 2740 Canyon Blvd. Boulder, CO 80302 303-444-3355 ----------------------------------------------

Grow Life Hydroponics 2125 32nd St. Boulder, CA USA, 80301 303 996 6100 ---------------------------------------------One Love Garden Supply 3620 Walnut St. Boulder, CO 80301 303-586-1715 Polar Ray 5171 Eldorado Springs Dr. Boulder, CO 80303 303-494-5773 Rocky Mountain Hydroponics and Organics 2125 32 St. Boulder, CO 80301 303-996-6100 Way To Grow 6395 Gunpark Dr. Boulder, CO 80301 303-473-4769 Deep Roots Garden Supply 1790 Airport Rd., Unit 1 Breckenridge, CO 80424 970-453-1440 Mile High Hydroponics 37 Strong St. Brighton, CO 80601 303-637-0069 ----------------------------------------------

ACME Hydroponics 300 Nickel St., Suite 3 Broomfield, CO 80020 720-524-7306 ----------------------------------------------

Greenhouse Tech 917 East Fillmore Colorado Springs, CO 80907 719-634-0637 Hydro Grow Supply 644 Peterson Rd. Colorado Springs, CO 80915 719-596-2600 Purple Mountain Hydroponics LLC 1530 S Nevada Ave. Colorado Springs, CO 80906 719-635-5859 Room To Grow LLC 422 South 8th St. Colorado Springs, CO 80905 719-633-8682 Roots and Rocks Hydroponic and Organic Garden Supply 1014 S. 21st St. Colorado Springs, CO 80904 719-634-1024 ----------------------------------------------

High Tech Garden Supply 5275 Quebec St. Commerce City, CO 80022 720-222-0772 ---------------------------------------------Grow Your Own 27051 Barkley Rd. Conifer, CO 80433 303-816-GROW (4769) Happy Grow Lucky 11873 Springs Rd. Conifer, CO 80433 1-303-838-8700

Grow Your Own 2118 S Bellaire St. Denver, CO 80222 303-990-1929 ---------------------------------------------Hydro Terra Corp 3893 Steele St. Denver, CO 80205 954-260-3377 HyGrow Indoor Gardening Supplies 6271 Beach St., Unit F Denver, CO 80221 303-396-1420 Indoor Paradise Denver 7100 N Broadway, Suite 3D & E Denver, CO 80221 303-428-5020 NoDo Urban Garden Supply 1330 27th St. Denver, CO 80205 303-296-3424 Rocky Mountain Hydroponics and Organics 1717 39th Ave. Denver, CO 80205 800-58-HYDRO Ultimate Hydroponics & Organics 2380 S. Broadway Denver, CO 80210 303-282-0034 Way To Grow 301 East 57th Ave. Denver, CO 80216 303-296-7900 ----------------------------------------------

Whetstone Garden Supply 300 Belleview Ave. Crested Butte, CO 81224 970-349-9666 Global Organics & Hydroponics 11 N Broadway Cortez, CO 81321 970-564-8100 Joy of Growing 1410 Valley View Dr. Delta, CO 81416 970-874-2550 ----------------------------------------------

BWGS-CO 11685 E. 55th Ave. Denver, CO 80239 888-316-1306 ----------------------------------------------

Hydrofarm Mountain 400 Burbank St. Broomfield, CO 80020 800-634-9990

Chlorophyll 3801 Mariposa St. Denver, CO 80211 303-433-1155 ----------------------------------------------

J&D Organic Growing Solutions 217 1/2 Clayton St. Brush, CO 80723 970-310-5408

Cultivate Hydroponics & Organics 666 S. Buchtel Blvd. Denver, CO 80210 303-954-9919

BIG BloomZ 1011 Caprice Dr. Castle Rock, CO 80109 303-688-0599

Greenlight Garden Supply 7741 E Colfax Ave. Denver, CO 80220 720-389-8320

All Seasons Gardening 434 Turner Dr., Suite 2B Durango, CO 81303 970-385-4769 ---------------------------------------------Blue Sky Hydroponics 1301 Florida Road Unit C Durango, CO 81301 970-375-1238 DHL Garden Supply 178 Bodo Dr.Unit B Durango, Co 81303 970-247-1090 ----------------------------------------------

The Grow Store South 5050 S. Federal Boulevard, #37, Englewood, CO 80110 303-738-0202 ---------------------------------------------Rocky Mountain Hydroponics and Organics 439 Edwards Access Rd Unit B101 Edwards, CO 81632 970-926-2100 Bath Nursery & Garden Center 2000 E. Prospect, Fort Collins, CO 80525 970-484-5022

----------------------------------------------

Hydro Planet 5022 Kippling St. Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 303-279-6090

The Grow Shop LLC 1711 S. College Avenue Fort Collins, CO 80525 970-484-1042

MileHydro 355 S. Harlan St. Lakewood, CO 80226 303-935-4769 ----------------------------------------------

CONNECTICUT

Indoor Paradise Hydroponics 309 S. Summit View, Unit 17, Fort Collins, CO 80524-1462 970-221-3751

Way to Grow 11989 West Colfax Ave. Lakewood, CO 80215 303-546-3600

Way To Grow 3201 E. Mulberry Street, Fort Collins, CO 80524 970-484-4769 ----------------------------------------------

The Flower Bin 1805 Nelson Rd. Longmont, CO 80501 303-772-3454 ----------------------------------------------

Gold Coast Hydroponics West 8101 S.W. Frontage Rd. Suite 300 Fort Collins, Co 80528 970-232-3220

Hydro Shack, The 753 10 Mile Drive Frisco, CO 80443 970-668-0359 ----------------------------------------------

Victory Hydro Gardening 1387 E. South Boulder Rd. Louisville, CO, 80027 303-664-9376 ----------------------------------------------

Rocky Mountain Hydroponics and Organics 7800 Colorado 82 #203 Glenwood Springs, Co 81601 970-947-9551

WarHammer Supply 1112 Munroe Ave. Loveland, CO 80537 970-635-2602

Green Head Hydroponics 809 E. Jasper Court Granby, CO 80446 970-557-3031 ----------------------------------------------

Desert Bloom Hydroponics 445 Pitkin Ave., Grand Junction, CO 81501 970-245-6427 ---------------------------------------------Greeley Nutrients 700 11th Street Unit 101 Greeley, CO 80631 970-673-8302 Green Thumb Garden Supply Co. 2830 W 27th St. Greeley, CO 80634 970-506-1711 The Grow Shop LLC 1701 Greeley Mall Rd. Greeley, CO 80631 970-352-5447 ----------------------------------------------

Colorado Hydroponics & Organics 2740 Commercial Way, Unit 1 Montrose, CO 81401 970-252-7450 Greener Mountain Indoor Gardening 20 Lakeview Dr., Unit 210 Nederland, CO 80466 303-258-7573

Grow Depot 1434 W. 104th Ave. Northglenn, CO 80234 303-459-7878 Four Corners Organics & Hydroponics LLC 68 Bastille Unit #3, PO Box 627 Pagosa Springs, CO 81147 970-731-1685 ----------------------------------------------

Majestic Hydro-Gardening 860 Hwy. 105 Palmer Lake, CO 80133 719-481-0777 ----------------------------------------------

Green Gardens 133 E. Tomichi Ave. Gunnison, CO 81230 970-641-1161

Pueblo Hydroponics and Organics- South 2704 S Prarie Ave., Suite C Pueblo, CO 81005 719-564-2660

The Grow Store 8644 W. Colfax Ave, Lakewood, CO 80215 888-510-0350 ----------------------------------------------

Grow Crazy 11 Berlin Rd., Unit 2 Cromwell, CT 06416 860-788-2519 Harvest Moon Hydroponics 775 Silver Lane E. Hartford, CT 06118 860-568-4067 LiquidSun® CT 10C South Main St. E. Windsor, CT 06088 860-254-5757 ----------------------------------------------

Rogue Hydroponics 160 Broadway Hamden, CT 06518 866-277-4432 ---------------------------------------------Organix Hydroponics 749 Saybrook Rd., (Tradewinds Plaza) Middletown, CT 06457 860-343-1923 ----------------------------------------------

Pueblo Hydroponics and Organics 609 E Enterprise Dr. Pueblo West, CO 81007 709-647-0907

Good To Grow 335 Westport Ave. Norwalk, CT 06851 203-956-5600 www.goodtogrowct.com ---------------------------------------------Grow with Us 10 Middle River Dr. Stafford Springs, CT 06076 860-684-1595 1st State Seed And Garden Supply People’s Plaza Suite 950 Newark, DE 19702 302-834-0440 Sunny Day Organics 1867 Coastal Hwy. Rehoboth Beach, DE 19917 302-703-2538

FLORIDA

Biofloral 6250 NW 27th Way Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33309 877-735-6725 ---------------------------------------------Gold Coast Hydroponics 1539 SW 21st Ave. Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33312 1-800-780-7371 Green Thumb Hydroponics Supplies 13482 North Cleveland Ave. Fort Meyers, FL 33903 239-997-4769 Gator Hydroponics 4460 SW 35th Terrace, Suite 310 Gainesville, FL 32608 352-301-5383 ----------------------------------------------

Florida Garden Supplies 2692 W 79 St. Hialeah, FL 33016 1-800-931-5215 Simply Hydroponics & Organics (North) 3642 South Suncoast Blvd. Homosassa, FL 34448 352-628-2655 ----------------------------------------------

Grower’s Choice & Hydroponics 11855 North Main St. Jacksonville, FL 32218 904-683-4517 ----------------------------------------------

Growers Choice South 8535 Baymeadows Rd., Suite 13 Jacksonville, FL 32256 904-647-7156 ----------------------------------------------

Urban Sunshine 1420 E. Altamonte Dr. Altamonte Springs, FL 32701 407-830-4769

Hydroponics International Inc. 7029-10 Commonwealth Ave. Jacksonville, FL 32220 904-693-6554

Full Bloom Hydroponics 1489 W. Palmetto Boca Raton, FL 33486 888-725-4769

Urban Organics & Hydroponics 5325 Fairmont St. Jacksonville, FL 32207 904-398-8012

Best Hydro 4920 Lena Rd. Bradenton, FL 34211 941-756-1928

Salida Hydroponic Supply 1242 C St., Salida, CO 81201 719-539-4000

Palm Coast Hydroponics 4490 N Hwy US1, Suite 108 Bunnell, FL 32110 386-246-4119

Little Shop of Growers 2560 Copper Ridge Dr. Steamboat Springs, CO 80487 970-879-8577

East Coast Hydroponics & Organics 461 Forrest Ave., Suite 105 Coca, FL 32922 321-243-6800

Cultivate Hydroponics & Organics 7615 W.38th Ave., Suite B111 Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 303-954-9897

Organic Grow Hut 2 780 Deltona Blvd. #107 Deltona, Fl 32725 1-888-574-GROW; 386-259-5777 ----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------

Delaware

Pueblo Hydroponicss and Organics - Downtown 113 W 4th St. Pueblo, CO 81003 719-542-6798

GroWize 3225 S. Wadsworth Blvd. Lakewood, CO 80227 303-986-2706 ----------------------------------------------

CT Home Grown 45 South Canterbury Rd. Canterbury, CT 06331 860-546-6161 ----------------------------------------------

Grow in Peace 176 Hwy. 119 S. Nederland, CO 80466 303-258-3520

Your Grow Bud 6801 South Emporia St., Suite 106 Greenwood Village, CO 80112 303-790-2211 ----------------------------------------------

Grow in Peace 1241 Mine Rd. Idaho Springs, CO 80452 303-567-GROW

----------------------------------------------

Absolute Hydroponic Garden Center Inc 336 North Boundary Ave. Deland, FL 32720 386-734-0696

GreenTouch Hydroponics Inc. 5011 S State Rd. 7, Suite 104 Davie, FL 33314 954-316-8815

Simply Hydroponics & Organics 7949 Ulmerton Rd. Largo, FL 33773 727-531-5355

----------------------------------------------

High Tech Garden Supply 2975 West New Haven Ave. Melbourne, FL 32901 321-821-0853 ---------------------------------------------Advanced Hydro Gardens 4960 NW 165 St., Suite B-4 Miami, FL 33014 305-474-4376 All Star Hydroponics Inc 8901 SW 129th St. Miami, FL 33176 800-842-8582 Blossoms Experience, The 7207 NW 54th St. Miami, FL 33166 866-452-4769 ----------------------------------------------

Florida Garden Supplies 9545 Sunset Dr. Miami, FL 33173 800-931-5215 ---------------------------------------------Future Farms Inc., The 14291 SW 120th St., Suite 105 Miami, FL 33186 305-382-2757

Eden Garden Supply 3111 N. Davis Hwy. Pensacola, FL 32503 850-439-1299 ---------------------------------------------Healthy Gardens and Supply of Florida, Inc. 196 East Nine Mile Rd., Suite F Pensacola, FL 32534 850-912-4545 ----------------------------------------------

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 455 S. Andrews Ave. Pompano Beach, FL 33069 877-649-3567 (Southeast) ---------------------------------------------Hydroponic Depot II 2395 S Tamiami Trail #19 Port Charlotte, FL 33952 941-255-3999 EZ Grow Green 604 S.W. Bayshore Blvd. Port St. Lucie, Fl 34983 772-807-7755

Gold Coast Hydroponics 4241 SW 71st Ave. Miami, FL 33155 1-800-780-6805

Urban Sunshine Organic & Hydroponic Gardening 2841 South Nove Rd., Suite 5 S. Daytona, FL 32119 386-236-9989; 386-492-6978

Growing Garden Inc., The 12811 SW 42nd St. Miami, FL 33175 305-559-0309

Avid Brew Company 1745 1st Ave S. St. Petersburg, FL 33712 727-388-6756

VitaOrganix 7921 NW 67th St. Miami, FL 33166 786-845-8633

Avid Brew Company 1745 1st Ave. S. St. ST. Petersberg, Fl 33712 727-388-6756

3D Hydroponics and Organics 7139 US Highway #19 New Port Richey, FL 34652 727-847-3491 ----------------------------------------------

Mr. Nice Guy Hydroponics 1800 NW. Federal Hwy. Stuart, FL 34994 772-934-6785

Florida Garden Supplies 8442 Tradeport Dr., Unit 200 Orlando, FL 32827 ---------------------------------------------Urban Sunshine 6100 Hanging Moss Rd., Suite 50 Orlando, FL 32807 407-647-4769 Urban Sunshine 6142 S. Orange Ave. Orlando, FL 32809 407-859-7728 Vertical Food Growers 10964 Dearden Circle Orlando, FL 32817 407-671-4241 Green Winters Inc. 147 Tomoka Ave. Ormond Beach, FL 32174 386-235-8730; 800-931-5215 The Healthy Harvest Suite 126, 21113 Johnson St. Pembroke Pines, FL 33029 954-538-1511 ----------------------------------------------

GrowSmart Indoor Garden Centers 14587 Southern Blvd. Loxahatchee, FL 33470 561-429-3527 Palm Beach Discount Hydroponics – West 14703 Southern Blvd. Loxahatchee, FL 33470 561-296-8555

----------------------------------------------

Atlantis Hydroponics 8042 N. Palafox St., Suite C Pensacola, FL 32534 850-912-8796 ----------------------------------------------

Esposito Garden Center 2743 Capital Circle NE Tallahassee, FL 32308 850-386-2114 Evershine Hydroponics 1519 Capital Circle NE Unit #35 Tallahassee, FL 32308 850-765-0040 Grace’s Hydro-Organic Garden Center 8877 North 56th St. Tampa, FL 33617 813-514-9376 Grace’s Hydro-Organic Garden Center 8707 Temple Terrace Hwy. Tampa, FL 33637 813-514-9376 Hydroponics of Tampa 120 W. Bougain Villea Tampa, FL 33612 813-333-6828 Schiro’s Barn-N-Garden Supplies Inc. 7812 Causeway Blvd. Tampa, FL 33619 813-626-0902 Stoney Hydro @ Schiro’s Barn-N-Garden Supplies 7812 Causeway Blvd. Tampa, FL 33619 813-626-0902 ----------------------------------------------

Worm’s Way Florida 4412 North 56th St. Tampa, FL 33610 800-283-9676; 813-621-1792 ----------------------------------------------

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

177

MAXIMUM YIELD distributors Happy Planet Hydroponics 1179 E. Alfred St. Tavares, FL 32778 352-253-1001

Green Hands of Aloha 1713 Mary St. Honolulu, HI 96819 808-847-4263

365 Hydroponics 13054 W Colonial Dr. Winter Garden, FL 34787 407-656-GROW(4769)

Ohana Greenhouse & Garden Supply 300 Hukilike St. #2M, Kahalui, HI 96732 808-871-6393

Monkey Hydroponics 940 West Oakland Ave., Unit A1 Winter Garden, FL 34787 407-574-8495 Cultivating Eden Hydroponic Supplies 946 18th Ave. SW Vero Beach, FL 32962 772-564-8880 ----------------------------------------------

Florida Garden Supplies 8020 Belvedere Rd.,Unit 4 W. Palm Beach, FL 33411 800-931-5215 ---------------------------------------------Palm Beach Discount Hydroponics – East 968 North Congress Ave. W. Palm Beach, FL 33409 561-296-6161

GEORGIA

----------------------------------------------

Aiyah’s Garden 4558 Kukui St. Kapa’a, HI 96746 Aiyah’s Garden 3-3122 Kuhio Hwy. Unit B-2 Lihue, HI 96766 808-245-2627 Pahoa Feed & Fertilizer 15-2754 Old Government Rd. Pahoa, HI 96778 808-965-9955

IDAHO

ILLINOIS

Atlantis Hydroponics 2561 West Point Ave. College Park, GA 30337 678-510-0032

Alternative Garden Supply 615 Industrial Dr., Unit A Cary, IL 60013 800-444-2837

Alpha Hydroponics and Garden Supply Inc. 3904 N Druid Hills Rd., Suite 247 Decatur, GA 30033 404-590-4769 ----------------------------------------------

Brew and Grow 3625 N. Kedzi Ave. Chicago, IL 60618 773-463-7430 Brew and Grow 19 South Morgan St. Chicago, IL 60607 312-243-0005 ----------------------------------------------

Autumn Bloom Alternative Indoor Gardening 1020 Derby St. Pekin, IL 61554 309-642-6943 ----------------------------------------------

GroUp Gardening 221 N. 5th St. Pekin, IL 61554 309-349-4407 ---------------------------------------------Grow Shop of Peoria 2621 N University Peoria, IL 61604 309-299-0953 ----------------------------------------------

Heartland Hydrogardens 7403 Broadway St. Quincy, IL 62305 217-214-GROW(4769) ----------------------------------------------

Fertile Ground 463 West MacArthur Dr. Cottage Hills, IL 62018 618-259-5500 ----------------------------------------------

Brew and Grow 3224 South Alpine Rd. Rockford, IL 61109 815-874-5700

Midwest Hydroganics 20647 Renwick Rd. Crest Hill, IL 60403 815-838-0100 ----------------------------------------------

Aqua Plant Hawaii / Kahala Hydroponics 4224 Wailae, Suite 1A Honolulu, HI 96816 808-735-8665

Alternative Garden Supply Brew and Grow- Crystal Lake 176 W. Terra Cotta Ave. Crystal Lake, IL 60014 815-301-4940

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

----------------------------------------------

Kreation’s Indoor Gardening Center 2110 North Grand Ave. Springfield, IL 62702 217-341-0821 ---------------------------------------------Water Works Indoor Gardening 1900 South Dirksen Parkway Springfield, IL 62703 217-553-6929 Joe Dirt’s Organics & Hydroponics 760 Heartland Dr. Sugar Grove, IL 60554 630-466-8346

INDIANA Sunleaves Garden Products 7854 North State Rd. 37 Bloomington, IN 47404 888-464-9676 ----------------------------------------------

Maximum Grow Gardening 140 Frontage Rd. Suite D Lafayette, IN 47905 765-464-6689

MAINE

Worm’s Way Indiana 7850 North State Rd. 37 Bloomington, IN 47404 800-598-8158 ----------------------------------------------

Worm’s Way Mail Order 7850 North State Rd. 37 Bloomington, IN 47404 800-274-9676 ---------------------------------------------Frogs Lilly Pad, The 706 Citation Rd. Carmel, IN 46032 317-846-4610 Hops & Harvest 4616 E. DuPont Rd., Suite Q Fort Wayne, IN 46825 260-918-3035 Harvest Moon Hydroponics 1336 East Washington St. Indianapolis, IN 46202 317-780-8020 Magic Bulb Garden Center 6221 Allisonville Rd. Indianapolis, IN 46220 317-202-2852 ----------------------------------------------

BWGS-IN 1400 Hancel Pkwy., Mooresville, IN 46158 800-316-1306 ---------------------------------------------Five Point Gardens 56555 Oak Rd. S. Bend, IN 46619 574-287-9232

KANSAS Kan-Grow Hydro Farm LLC 5555 S. Meridian Ave. Wichita, KS 67217 316-214-3022

Maximum Grow Gardening 6117 E Washington St. Indianapolis, IN 46219 317-359-GROW (4769) ----------------------------------------------

Brew and Grow 359 W. Irving Park Rd. Unit E Roselle, IL 60172 630-894-4885

Next Generation Gardening & Hydroponics 6805 Madison Ave. Indianapolis, IN 46227 317-786-0066

Organic Garden Center 9223 Skokie Blvd. Skokie, IL 60077 847-675-2722

Garden Grove Organics 29 East 7th St. Covington (Cincinnati Metro), KY 41011 859-360-1843 ----------------------------------------------

Worm’s Way Kentucky 1360 Donaldson Hwy. Suite A Erlanger, KY 41018 800-669-2088 ---------------------------------------------Grow Shop, The of Lexington 2320 Palumbo Dr., Suite 130 Lexington, KY 40509 859-268-0779 Success Hydroponics Lexington, KY 4505 859-294-4769 Louisville Hydroponics 3471 Taylor Blvd. Louisville, KY 40215 502-366-4000 New Earth Garden Center 9810 Taylorsville Rd. Louisville, KY 40299 800-462-5953 Bluegrass Organic Grow Shop 125 Quinn Dr. Nicholasville, KY 40356 859-887-0677 Bluegrass Hydro Garden 13529 S. Dixie Hwy. Upton, KY 42784 270-369-9000

Rock Valley Garden Center 785 N.Bell School Rd. Rockford, IL 61107 815-398-9419

One Stop Grow Shop 2326 E.44th St. Indianapolis, IN 46205 317-546-GROW

The Urban Garden Center 600 Wilson St. Brewer, ME 04412 207-989-2020 ----------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------The Wine-N-Vine Inc. 1524 East McGalliard Rd. Muncie, IN 47303 765-282-3300 ----------------------------------------------

KENTUCKY

Chicago Roots Hydroponics & Organics 4020 W. Irving Park Rd. Chicago, IL 60641 773-545-4020 ----------------------------------------------

Eco-Island Supply 810 Haiku Rd., #394 Haiku, HI 96708 808-575-9171

178

Prairie House Garden Center 15151 South Harlem Ave. Orland, IL 60462 708-687-3131 ----------------------------------------------

Brew and Grow 181 Crossroads Parkway Bolingbrook, IL 60194 847-885-8282

Versaponics.COM Box 166 West Main St. Carbondale, IL 62901 573-450-5401

HAWAII

Big Grow Hydroponics 9225 Trinity Dr. Lake In The Hills, IL 60156 847-854-4450

Kreation’s Indoor Gardening Center 3427 Old Chatman Rd. Springfield, IL 62704 217-341-0821

Aerogro 502 N Prospect, Suite 18 Bloomington, IL, 61704

Flora Hydroponics, Inc. 195 Paradise Blvd. Athens, GA 30607 800-470-6881

Flora Hydroponics, Inc. 1239 Fowler St. North West Atlanta, GA 30318 404-532-0001

Grow Masters 4641 Old Grand Ave. Gurnee, IL 60031 224-399-9877

Green Fields 8137 N. Milwaukee Niles, IL 60714 847-965-5056

Let it Grow - Carbondale West Main St. Carbondale, IL 62908 573-450-5401

Atlantis Hydroponics 5182-B Brook Hollow Parkway Norcross, GA 30071 770-558-1346

Goldman’s Grow Shop 910 Greenwood Rd. Glenview, IL 60025 847-657-7250 ----------------------------------------------

Four Seasons Garden Supply 6218 Overland Rd. Boise, ID 83709 208-377-3030 Greenthumb Greenhouses 5895 Ensign Ave. Boise, ID 83714

----------------------------------------------

Grow Big Hydroponics 7817 B North 2nd St. Manchesney Park, IL 61115 815-637-4769

Flora Hydroponics Inc. 2475 Jefferson Rd., Suite 600 Athens, GA 30607 866-404-0551

Savannah Hydroponics & Organics 4107 Eighth St., Suite C Garden City, GA 31408 912-349-4030 ----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------

Boise Hydroponics 614 North Orchard St. Boise, ID 83706 208-344-3053

Aerostar Global 824 South Kay Ave. Addison, IL 60101 Atlantis Hydroponics 1422 Woodmont Lane, #4 Atlanta, GA 30318 404-367-0052 ----------------------------------------------

Retail Stores listed alphabetically by city in each state.

LOUISIANA Laughing Buddha Nursery 4516 Clearview Parkway Metairie, LA 70006 504-887-4336 Urban Organics 285 St. Claude Ave. New Orleans, LA 70117 504-352-4709 Ourcrazydeals Hydroponics 201 Angus Dr. Yungsville, LA 70592 337-303-6146

Full Bloom Hydroponics 502 Wilton Rd. Farmington, ME 04938 207-860-2808 ---------------------------------------------LiquidSun of Maine 51 West Gray Rd. Gray, ME 04039 207-657-8033 ----------------------------------------------

Full Bloom Hydroponics 502 Wilton Rd. Farmington, ME 04938 207-860-2808 ---------------------------------------------Natures Palate Indoor Garden Store 1321 Mercer Rd. (route 2) Mercer, ME 04957 877-587-4150; 207-587-4150 Newfield Farms 122 Water St. Newfield, ME 04095 207-956-3334 ----------------------------------------------

Evergreen Garden Center 301 Forest Ave. Portland, ME 04101 207-761-2800 ----------------------------------------------

Grow Life Hydroponics 301 Forest Ave. Portland, ME USA, 04101 207-761-2800 ----------------------------------------------

High Tech Garden Supply Maine 178 Rand Rd. Portland, ME 04102 207-899-4387 ----------------------------------------------

The Urban Garden Center 659 Warren Ave. Portland, ME 04103 207-347-2350 ---------------------------------------------Here We Grow 30 Parsons St. Presque Isle, ME 04769 207-SOY-BEAN (769-2326) Green Thumb Indoor Gardening 19 Stage Rd. St. Albans, ME 04971 207-938-5909 New England Horticulture Supply 125 John Roberts Rd., Suite 1 S. Portland, ME 04106 207-899-0510

----------------------------------------------

The Urban Garden Center 235 Lewiston Rd. Topsham, ME 04086 207-373-0990 ---------------------------------------------Greenlife Garden Supply 611 US Route 1 York, ME 03909 207-363-0844

MARYLAND East Coast Organics 2800 Sisson St. Baltimore, MD 21211 Healthy Gardens and Supply 5001-F Harford Rd. Baltimore, MD 21214 443-708-5144 Eco Greenworks 7814 Parston Dr. Forestville, MD 20747 301-278-7541 Maryland Hydroponics Inc. 10051 North 2nd St. Laurel, MD 20723 301-490-9236 Meadowview Feed & Garden Center 1202 Meadowview Rd. Pasadena, MD 21122 443-817-0018 ----------------------------------------------

Montgomery Hydroponics 8950 Brookville Rd. Silver Springs, MD 20910 301-588-1935 ---------------------------------------------Purple Mountain Organics 100-7010 Westmoreland Ave. Takoma Park, MD 20912 877-538-9901

MASSACHUSETTS Grow it Green 122 Pulaski Blvd. Bellingham, MA 02019 508-883-GROW Greenlife Garden Supply 481 Boston Rd., Unit 4 Billerica, MA 01821 978-262-9966 Mass Hydro 1753 Main St. Brockton, MA 02301 GYOstuff – Grow Your Own 2400 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge, MA 02140 617-945-1654 Mass Hydro 390 Rhode Island Ave. Fall River MA 02721 704-GO-HYDRO Harvest Moon Hydroponics 29 Washington St., Route 1 Foxboro, MA 02035 800-660-6977 ----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------

Perpetual Harvest 273 Hanover St. Route 139 Ste.14 Hanover Mas, MA USA, 02339 781 829 6900 ---------------------------------------------LiquidSun® MA 8 Lynwood Ave. Holyoke, MA 01040 413-539-6875 Cape Cod Hydroponics 195 Ridgewood Ave. Hyannis, MA 02601 508-737-2555 ----------------------------------------------

Hydro 101 160 Winthrop Ave. Lawrence, MA USA, 01843 978 794 9376 ---------------------------------------------Indoor Garden Center 236 Mystic Ave. Medford, MA 02155 781-874-1693 ----------------------------------------------

Rootdown Hydroponics Indoor Garden Center 236 Mystic Ave. Medford, MA 01255 781-874-1693 ----------------------------------------------

Here We Grow 123 Russell St. (Route 9) Hadley, MA 01035 413-584-FARM (3276)

High Tech Garden Supply 560 Boston Turnpike (Route 9) Shrewsbury, MA 01545 508-845-4477 ---------------------------------------------Nor’easter Organic Life 515 College Highway Unit J Southwick, MA 01077 413-998-3951 ----------------------------------------------

Grow Life Hydroponics 216 Newbury St. Peabody, MA USA, 01960 978 854 5541 ---------------------------------------------LiquidSun® RI 1179 Central Ave. Pawtucket, MA 02861 401-722-2724 ----------------------------------------------

New England Hydroponics 15 D College Hwy. (Route 10) Southampton, MA 01073 888-529-9025 ---------------------------------------------Nor'easter Organic Life 515 College Highway Unit J Southwick, MA 01077 413-998-3951 ----------------------------------------------

Hydroponics N More Garden Center 331 Centre Ave. Rockland, MA 02370 781-421-3356

Tru Bloomz Hydroponics 1201 Fall River Ave. Seekonk, MA 02771 508-336-4443 ----------------------------------------------

Cultivation Station 2734 Jackson Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48103 734-213-7740 ---------------------------------------------U Can Grow Hydro 2247 W. Liberty Ann Arbor, MI 4810 734-369-3387 ----------------------------------------------

Garden Supplies

Gro Blue Discount Hydro and Indoor Garden Supplies 4072 Packard Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48108 734-913-2750 ---------------------------------------------Grow Show, The 4095 Stone School Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48108 734-677-0009; 734-677-0509 HotHydro® 5245 Jackson Rd., Suite F Ann Arbor, MI 48103 734-761-5040; 877-893-0716 All Things Good and Green 501 E. Michigan Ave. Augusta, MI 49012 269-978-8550

Worm’s Way Massachusetts 121 Worc-Providence Turnpike Sutton, MA 01590 800-284-9676 ----------------------------------------------

Battle Creek Indoor Gardening 1125 E.Michigan Ave. Battle Creek MI 49014 269-282-0554 BIG Green Tomato 1775 E. Columbia Ave. Battle Creek, MI 49014 269-282-1593 Homelight Gardens 3471 S. Huron Rd. Bay City, MI 48706 989-922-0088

Emerald City Indoor Gardening 51 Main St. Westminster, MA USA, 01473 978-668-5393 ----------------------------------------------

LiquidSun East 12 Bay St. Unit 105 Wilmington, MA 01887 978-447-5442

MICHIGAN

----------------------------------------------

Evergreen Garden Center 216 Newbury St. Peabody, MA 01960 978-854-5541 ----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------

Discount Hydro & Indoor

Green Path Garden Supply 276 West Main St. Northborough, MA 01532 508-393-4181 ----------------------------------------------

Mass Hydro 679 Washington St. S. Attlevoro, MA 02703 508-761-4937 ---------------------------------------------New England Hydroponics 855 Worcester Rd. Route 9 Framingham, MA 01701 888-529-9025 ----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------

Grow Supply Center 3131 Benzie Hwy. Benzonia, MI 49616 231-882-9270 J&L Growco 206 S. Michigan Ave. Big Rapids, MI 49307 231-796-1528 Hydro Vision 11820 Belleville Belleville, MI 48111 734-325-6210 One Stop Grow Shop Inc., The 397 Main St., Suite A. Belleville, MI 48111 734-325-7242 Let’s Grow It! 225 S. Michegan Ave Big Rapids, MI 49307 231-792-2775

Get Growing Urban Garden Centre 142 S. Main St. Adrian, MI 49221 517-920-4833 ---------------------------------------------Allegan Hydroponic Supply 1177 Lincoln Rd. Allegan, MI 49010 269-355-1595 ----------------------------------------------

Growers Outlet 7720 Clyde Park SW Byron Center, MI 49513 616-878-4444 Happy Harvesters Hydroponics 4410 South Saginaw St. Burton, MI 48529 810-496-3005 Hydroponic Gardening 4204 Davison Rd. Burton, MI 48505 810-406-3355 Two Guys and a Grow Shop 3374 Atherton Rd. Burton, MI 48509 810-820-4275 ----------------------------------------------

Cultivation Station of Michigan Inc., The 6540 Allen Rd. Allen Park, MI 48101 313-383-1766 ----------------------------------------------

Hydro Giant #4 6199 Haggerty Rd. West Bloomfield, MI 48322 248-668-6100 ----------------------------------------------

Caledonia Gardens 9750 Cherry Valley Ave. SE Caledonia Gardens, MI 49316 616-891-0706 Greenway Gardens 916 W 13th St. Cadillac, MI 49601 231-775-7075 Indoor Grower’s Edge 8998 E. 34 Rd., Suite B Cadillac, MI 49601 231-468-3343 Easy Growing 5748 N. Canton Centre Rd. Canton, MI 48187 734-451-4500 Hydro Helper 6445 Canton Center Rd. Canton, MI 48187 734-354-3900 ----------------------------------------------

The Great Lakes Hydroponics Co. 5998 US.31 South Charlevoix, MI 49720 231-237-9153 ---------------------------------------------Hydro Pro’s Indoor Garden 30504 23 Mile Rd. Chesterfield, MI 48047 586-741-8805 ----------------------------------------------

Cultivation Station 3 Inc. 46912 Gratiot Chesterfield, MI 48051 586-949-7453 ---------------------------------------------Horti-Toad Hydroponic Supply 21323 Harper St. Clair Shores, MI 48080 586-944-0650 Hydro 411 411 West 5th St. Clare, MI 48617 989-941-4157 Michigan Hydro Depot 571 E. Chicago St., Suite B Coldwater, MI 49036 517-278-9600 All American Indoor Gardening Warehouse 11504 N. Saginaw Rd. Clio, MI 48420 810-640-1156 Clio Cultivation 11394 N.Saginaw Rd. Clio, MI 48420 810-686-4769 HydroMaster 36345 Grosebeck Hwy. Clinton Twp, MI 48035 586-792-0277 Hydro Pro’s Indoor Garden 20560 Hall Rd. Clinton Township, MI 48038 586-263-5793 H2O Grow Supply 3364 Arent Ct. Coloma, MI 49038 269-468-3890 Lets Grow Hydroponics 1141 W Randall Coopersville, MI 49404 616-997-0420 Van Hydro 7480 N State Davison, MI 48423 810-653-8267

----------------------------------------------

The Grow Station 5670 Telegraph Rd. Dearborn, MI 48127 313-406-5147; 800-797-4769 (GROW) ----------------------------------------------

Hydro Giant #1 14455 Ford Rd. Dearborn, MI 48126 313-216-8888 ----------------------------------------------

Cultivation Station – Eastern Market, The 2518 Market St. Detroit, MI 48207 313-394-0441 ---------------------------------------------Growers R Us 19317 West Warren Detroit, MI 48228 313-633-1617 ----------------------------------------------

Hydro Giant #3 21651 W. 8 Mile Rd.(8 Mile & Lahser) Detroit, MI 48219 313-387-7700 ---------------------------------------------Hydro Heaven 73647 W 8th Mile Rd. Detroit, MI 48235 313-861-0333; 877-823-2076 ----------------------------------------------

Ultra Lo Hydro ultralohydro.com 937-252-8224 ----------------------------------------------

Urban Gardening Center, The 2520 22nd St. Detroit, MI 48216 313-898-0200 ----------------------------------------------

Superior Growers Supply 4870 Dawn Ave. E. Lansing, MI 48823 517-332-2663 ---------------------------------------------Sunnyside Hydroponics 24930 Gratiot Ave. Eastpoint, MI 48021 586-777-2528 GroMart Indoor Gardening Solutions 68991 M-62 Suite Q Edwardsburg, MI 49112 269-414-4385 ----------------------------------------------

All Season Garden Supply 1501 Sheridan Rd. Escanaba, MI USA, 49829 906 553 7191 ----------------------------------------------

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

179

MAXIMUM YIELD distributors Bay de Noc Hydroponic & Garden Supply 1501 Sheridan Rd. Escanaba, MI 49829 906-553-7006 Hydro Vision 495 Fenway Dr. Fenton, MI 810-714-1719 Green Thumb Garden Center 22963 Woodward Ave. Ferndale, MI 48220 248-439-1851 Urban Garden Supply 4516 Pasadena Ave. Flint, MI 48504 810-733-0420 Urban Garden Supply 3410 S. Dort Hwy. Flint, MI 48507 810-875-9580 Granny Green Thumbs 103 W. Grand River Flowerville, MI 48836 517-223-1302 Indoor/Outdoor Garden Shop 105 N. Seymour Rd. Flushing, MI 48433 810-867-4351 ----------------------------------------------

The Grow Shop of Garden City 28505 Ford Rd. Garden City, MI 48135 734-956-5400 ----------------------------------------------

Synthetic Sun Hydroponics, LLC 799 S. Wisconsin Ave. Gaylord, MI 49735 989-731-8800 ----------------------------------------------

Growco Garden Supply 1042 Michigan St. NE Grand Rapids, MI 49503 877-939-6900 NEW 2nd LOCATION! 4640 West River Dr. Comstock Park, MI 49321 ----------------------------------------------

Home Grown Hydroponix 5333 Plainfield, Suite C Grand Rapids, MI 49525 616-361-2924 ----------------------------------------------

Horizen Hydroponics 1614 Leonard St., NW Grand Rapids, MI 49504 866-791-1664 ---------------------------------------------Grand Rapids Hydroponics Inc. 524 Leonard St. Grand Rapids, MI 49504 616-454-2500 ----------------------------------------------

Garden Doctor 2974 28th St. SW Grandville, MI 49418 616 530 2500 ---------------------------------------------Holland Hydroponic Outlet 604 N. Beacon Blvd. Grand Haven, MI 49423 616-847-1277

180

Retail Stores listed alphabetically by city in each state.

BSS Garden Supplies 8899 Peck Rd. Unit #2 Greenville, MI 48838 616-225-7000

Grow Maxx 1220 S. Stephenson Ave. Iron Mountain, MI 49801 920-447-2211

It is Green Ville Gardens 11500 Morgan Mills Rd., NE Greenville, MI 48838 616-745-0500 ----------------------------------------------

Hydro Magic 595 South Cedar St. Imlay City, MI 48444 810-721-7232

Hydroharrys- HP 24047 Dequindre Rd. Hazel Park, MI 48030 248-541-0099 ---------------------------------------------Garden Doctor 2974 28th St. SW Grandville, MI 49418 616-530-2500 Holland Hydroponic Outlet 1220 Phoenix Rd. S. Haven, MI 49090 269-637-5941 Absolute Wholesale Garden Supply 3255 Highland Rd. Highland, MI 48357 248-714-6558 ----------------------------------------------

Flower Factory, The 2223 East Highland Rd. Highland, MI 48356 248-714-9292 ---------------------------------------------Holland Hydroponic Outlet 587-40 East 8th St. Holland, MI 49423 616-298-7395

Ionia Hydroponics & Indoor Garden Supply 2555 N. State(M-66) Rd. Ionia, MI 48846 616-523-6111 Hydrocapitol 258 Cooper St. Jackson, MI 49201 517-795-2633 Mighty Grow 2418 West Michigan Ave. Jackson, MI 49202 517-962-4822 ----------------------------------------------

High Tech Garden Supply 1745 West Main St. Kalamazoo, MI 49006 269-978-8697 ----------------------------------------------

Horizen Hydroponics 4646 W. Main St. Kalamazoo, MI 49006 269-567-3333 ----------------------------------------------

Holland Hydroponic Outlet 1220 Phoenix Rd. S. Haven, MI 49090 269-637-5941 ----------------------------------------------

HGR Garden Supply 15231 N. Holly Rd. Holly, MI 48442 248-369-8333 ---------------------------------------------J&W Farm & Garden Center 10906 Main St. Honor, MI 49640 231-325-3433 ----------------------------------------------

Synthetic Sun Hydroponics, LLC 705 S. Loxley Houghton Lake, MI 48629 989-422-2800 ---------------------------------------------Hydro Vision 1247 E. Grand River Howell, MI 48843 517-552-4965 Grow Fast Gardens 5015 South Straits Hwy. Indian River, MI 49749 231-238-4113 ---------------------------------------------Aric’s Indoor Garden Supply W. 8065 US Highway 2 Iron Mountain, MI 49801 906-828-2000 ----------------------------------------------

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

Superior Growers Supply Inc. 3928 West Saginaw Hwy. Lansing, MI 48917 517-327-1900 ---------------------------------------------H2O Hydroponics 5210 W. Saginaw Hwy Lansing, MI 48917 517-703-8120 Edenz Hydro 560 Oak St. Lapeer, MI 48446 248-291-6691 Howz It Growing 700 Main St. Suite 101B Lapeer, MI 48446 810-245-8687 Two Guys and a Grow Shop 11917 E. Lennon Rd. Lennon, MI 48449 810-621-3790 ----------------------------------------------

Superior Growers Supply Inc. 292200 Seven Mile West Livonia, MI 48152 248-473-0450 ---------------------------------------------The Barefoot Gardener 11635 Fulton St. Suite 300B Lowell, MI 49331 616-987-3457 Plant Paradise 4593 W. US 10 Ludington, MI 49431 231-843-3000 Edenz Hydro 1411 West 14 Mile Madison Heights, MI 48071 248-291-6691

Mr. Grow it All 6660 Blair Lane Holland, MI 49424 616-392-3028 Hydro Grow Room 15201 N. Holly Rd., Unit B Holly MI, 48430 248-369-8333

----------------------------------------------

Kalamazoo Indoor Garden 450 W. Maple Kalamazoo, MI 49001 269-344-2550 ----------------------------------------------

Northern Lights Hydroponic & Garden Supply 29090 Campbell Rd. Madison Heights, MI 48071 248-439-6269

Plainwell Indoor/Outdoor Garden Center 8201 Douglas Ave. Kalamazoo, MI 49009 269-532-1167

Hypnotic Hydroponics 321 Deer St. Manistique, MI 49854 906- 341-GROW

Zoo City Grower Supply 3514 S. Westnedge Kalamazoo, MI 49008 269-903-2450 Halms Hydro 2368 S. Huron Rd. Kawkawklin, MI 48631 989-402-1296 ----------------------------------------------

High Tech Garden Supply 2815 East Grand River Ave. Lansing, MI 48912 517-580-0555 ---------------------------------------------Howz It Growing 1290 S. Lapeer Rd. Lake Orion, MI 48360 248-693-5747 Capital City Growers 2208 E. Michigan Ave. Lansing, MI 48912 517-853-9988 ----------------------------------------------

Horizen Hydroponics 5425 W. Saginaw Hwy Lansing, MI 48917 517-323-ROOT ----------------------------------------------

BIg Creek Hydroponics 555 Old Little Lake Rd. Marquette, MI 49855 906-249-5297 Sweet Greens Hydroponics 113 Fifth St. Michigan Center, MI 49254 517-764-9232 Stealth Hydro 14630 King Dr. Milan, MI 48160 734-961-4333 ----------------------------------------------

The Grow Shop 2609 Telegraph Rd. Monroe, MI 48162 734-384-4769 ---------------------------------------------Cedar Garden Wholesale 132 North Bound Gratiot Mt. Clements, MI 48043 586-738-0030 Cedar Garden Wholesale 132 North Bound Gratiot Mt. Clements, MI 48043 586-738-0030 Green Grow LLC 9046 N. Dort Mt. Morris, MI 48458 810-687-9500 Indoor Grower’s Edge 2410 S. Leaton Suite 5 Mt. Pleasant, MI 48858 989-317-0944 Sunshine Supply Co. 5800 East Pickard St. Mt. Pleasant, MI 48858 989-775-3700

Big Blue Hydroponics 590 Ottawa St. Muskegon, MI 49441 231-571-9400 Growing Consultant Hydroponics & Things 2260 Apple Ave. Muskegon, MI 49442 231-773-5600 ----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------

Hydroponics Highway Inc. 2708 14th Ave. Port Huron, MI 48060 810-982-4769 ----------------------------------------------

Ultra Green Hydroponics 9300 Telegraph Rd. Redford, MI 48239 313-534-9377 ---------------------------------------------Green Lantern H2O 1383 E. Laketon Ave. Muskegon, MI 49442 231-722-0420 ----------------------------------------------

Third Coast Horticulture Supply 1965 Holton Rd Muskegon, MI 49445 231-288-1762 ---------------------------------------------Harbor Country Hydro 17648 US Highway 12 New Buffalo, MI 49117 269-469-2242 ----------------------------------------------

Flo-N-Grow Hydroponics Co. 214 North 2nd St. Niles, MI 49120 269-683-1877 www.FNGhydro.com ----------------------------------------------

HGR Garden Supply 200 E. Main St. Owosso, MI 48867 989-472-4999 ---------------------------------------------Owlyn Solutions for Growers 2398 Jolly Rd., Suite 300 Okemos, MI 48864 517-203-5070 Watch it Grow Hydroponics 407 W. Center St. Omer, MI 48749 989-653-2141 Happy Harvesters Hydroponics 1772 S. Ortonville Dr. Ortonville, MI 48462 248-793-3357 Healthy Harvest Garden Supply 233 South State St. Oscoda, MI 48750 989-569-3006 Hydro Grow Source 10609 East Lovejoy Perry, MI 48872 517-376-8583 ----------------------------------------------

Hydro Giant #5 290 S. Telegraph Pontiac, MI 48341 248-706-7600 ---------------------------------------------Super Grow 288 W. Montcalm Pontiac, MI 48342 248-24SUPER (78737) Green Earth Hydroponics 8127 Portage Rd. Portage, MI 49002 269-342-4190

Hydro Vision 66783 Gratiot Ave. Richmond, MI 48062 586-430-1956 ----------------------------------------------

Garden Wise 16010 King Rd. Riverview MI 48193 734-225-6414 amgardensupply@yahoo.com ---------------------------------------------Happy Gardening 20840 Telegraph Rd. Romulus, MI 48174 734-486-4115 ----------------------------------------------

Growers Edge 175 Marcell Dr. Rockford, MI 49341 ----------------------------------------------

Green Thumb Hydroponics & Organic Indoor Supply 8460 Algoma, Suite G Rockford, MI 49341 616-884-5500 ----------------------------------------------

High Tech Garden Supply 28000 Groesbeck Hwy. Roseville, MI 48066 586-435-2335 ---------------------------------------------Plant Paradise 7657 Michigan Ave. Rothbury, MI 49452 231-843-3000 GrowMart 2137 Warwick St. Saginaw, MI 48603 989-799-6330 Home Grown Hydroponics 4880 Gratiot Rd., Suite # 2 Saginaw, MI 48638 989-781-1930 Third Coast Garden Supply LLC 2327 Auburn Rd. Shelby Township, MI 48195 586-997-2700 ----------------------------------------------

Superior Growers Supply, Inc. 5716 South Pennsylvania Ave. S. Lansing, MI 48911 517-393-1600 ----------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------\

Cultivation Station of Michigan Inc., The 23529 Little Mack Ave. St. Clair, MI 48080 586-775-9485 _______________________ Horti-Toad Hydroponic Supply 21323 Harper St. Clair Shores, MI 48080 586-944-0650 Advanced Hydroponic Growers 705 N. US 27 St.Johns, MI 48879 989-227-0408 Hydro City LLC 34863 Schoenherr Sterling Heights, MI 48312 586-883-9075 ----------------------------------------------

Hydro Giant #2 19363 Eureka Rd. Southgate, MI 48195 734-281-8888 ----------------------------------------------

High Tech Garden Supply 7889 Telegraph Rd. Taylor, MI 48180 313-908-7554 ---------------------------------------------Hydro Grow, The 8210 Telegraph Rd. Taylor, MI 48180 313-633-0641 Cultivation Innovations 6652 Lewis Ave. Suite 7 Temperance, MI 48182 419-725-4769 Great Lakes Green Horticultural Supply 757 S. U.S. Highway 131 Three Rivers, MI 49093 269-278-130 Grow Depot 9 North Main St. Three Rivers, MI 49093 269-273-4769 ----------------------------------------------

Woodland Shore Garden Center 956 W. South Airport Rd. Traverse City, MI 49686 231-421-5901

G.C. II 1006 E. Colby St., Suite A Whitehall, MI 49417 231-893-2400 ----------------------------------------------

Hydro Vision 1910 West Rd. Trenton, MI 48183 734-301-3745 Hydro Pro’s Indoor Garden 45410 Van Dyke Ave. Utica, MI 48317 586-803-0966 Forever Green 340 S. Main St. Vassar, MI 48768 989-882-9177 H2 Hydro 702 N. Pontiac Trail Walled Lake, MI 48390 248-669-6063 ----------------------------------------------

Midwest Hydroponics 5825 Excelsior Blvd. St. Louis Park, MN 55416 888-449-2739 ---------------------------------------------Indoor Eden 9281 East-M 36 Whitmore, MI 48189 810-355-1465 ---------------------------------------------AAA Hydroponics LLC 22 50th St. Wyoming, MI 49504 616-249-8338 ----------------------------------------------

Grow Store, The 90 N U.S. Highway 31 South Traverse City, MI 49685-7923 231-421-5191 ----------------------------------------------

High Tech Garden Supply 720 South Garfield Ave. Traverse City, MI 49686 231-668-6913 ----------------------------------------------

Eco Garden Supply 800 Transfer Door 25 in rear St. Paul, MN 55114 651-647-1896

MISSISSIPPI Urban Organics 2217 E Canal St. Picayune, MS 39466 504-352-4709

MISSOURI Hydroharrys – WL 1138 E. West Maple Rd. Walled Lake, MI 48390 248-896-0099 ---------------------------------------------Greco’s Nursery & Garden Supplies 12219 E. 11 Mile Rd. Warren, MI 48093 586-759-1335 Hydro King Indoor Garden Supply 32000 Van Dyke Ave. Warren, MI 48093 586-939-0518 ----------------------------------------------

Cultivation Station – Grand Rapids, The 4907 S. Division Ave. Wyoming, MI 49548 616-855-4440 ----------------------------------------------

Stealth Hydro 15 E. Cross St. Ypsilanti, MI 48198 866-998-1916 ----------------------------------------------

MINNESOTA The Grow Stop 7380 Highland Rd. Waterford, MI 48327 248-599-9231 ---------------------------------------------Indoor Garden Superstore 2570 Dixie Hwy. Waterford, MI 48328 248-673-2200; 877-22-HYDRO

Duluth Hydroponics 26 W 1st St. Duluth, MN 55802 218-341-7253 The Interior Tomato, LLC 519 N. Central Ave. Duluth, MN 55087 218-260-5167 ----------------------------------------------

Versaponics LTD 879 South Kingshighway Cape Girardeau, Mo 63703 573-450-5401 ----------------------------------------------

Light Green Water 3661 Highland Rd. Waterford, MI 48329 248-681-0001 Bubonic Hydroponics 38540 Michigan Ave. Wayne, MI 48184 734-331-2316 ----------------------------------------------

Hydrospot 34236 Michigan Ave. Wayne, MI 48184 734-722-1285 ---------------------------------------------B&B Hydro Supply 28974 Warren Rd. Westland, MI 48185 734-469-2805 ----------------------------------------------

Ultra Green Hydroponics 8067 N. Wayne Rd. Westland, MI 48185 734-425-1000 ----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------

Butteopia 127 Main St. Butte, MT 59701 1-406-782-8476 ---------------------------------------------Alpengrow Nursery Supplies 238 Highway 93 S. Eureka, MT 59917 406-882-4496 Big Sky Garden Supply 528 West Idaho Kalispell, MT 59901 406-755-1465 Box of Rain INC 860 North Meridian Rd., Suite B #19&20 Kalispell, MT 59901 406-755-RAIN (7246) Cornucopia Grow Your Own 127 Stoner Creek Rd. Lakeside, MT 59922 406-709-1076 Dr. Green Thumbs 1106 West Park Livingston, MT 59047 406-222-7440

Heartland Hydrogardens 705 Vandiver Dr., Suite G Columbia, MO 65202 573-474-4769 ----------------------------------------------

Bizzy Beez LLP 5785 Highway 93 South Whitefish, MT 59937 406-863-9937

NEBRASKA

Advanced Garden Supply 901 Missouri Blvd., Suite C Jeffeson City, MO 65109 573-635-7878

Bodhi Organic Garden Supply 1438 S1 St., Suite 6 Lincoln, NE 68502 402-438-6785

Grow Your Own Hydroponics 3617 Saint John Ave. Kansas City, MO 64123 816-241-2122

Patio-Ponics 3255 Cornhusker Hwy., Suite 4 Lincoln, NE 68504 402-466-9218 ----------------------------------------------

U-Grow 1724 North, 13th St. St. Louis, MO 63106 314-452-6368 ----------------------------------------------

Happy Harvesters Hydroponics 5720 Highland Rd. Waterford, MI 48327 248-599-9761

Paradigm Gardens 8949 J St., Suite 5 Omaha, NE 68127 402-339-4949 ----------------------------------------------

NEVADA Indoor Gardening 10 NE 3rd St. Faribault, MN 55021 507-209-1546 ----------------------------------------------

Worm’s Way Missouri 1225 North Warson Rd. St. Louis, MO 63132 800-285-9676 ----------------------------------------------

Brew and Grow 8302 Highway 65 NE. Minneapolis, MN 55432 763-780-8191 Interior Gardens 115 -1620 Central Ave. NE Minneapolis, MN 55413 800-498-4178; 612-870-9077

Cultivation Station 1990 US-31 N. Suite C Traverse City, MI 49686 231-421-8118 ----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------

Eden Indoor Organic Gardens 831 Highway 75 N. Moorhead, MN 56560 218-477-EDEN (3336) ----------------------------------------------

American Garden Supply 601-6th Ave. N. Princeton, MN 55371 763-631-0543 ---------------------------------------------Still-H2O Inc. 1266 Frontage Road W Stillwater, MN 55082 651-351-2822

Carson Valley Hydroponics 2520 Empire Ranch Rd. Carson City, NV 89701 775-884-4769 Lorraine Indoor Gardens 290 Spear Court Fernley, NV 89408 775-575-7757 Hydro Store, The 1014 W. Sunset Rd. Henderson, NV 89014 702-434-7365

Green Thumb Organics 5911 Veterns Memorial Hwy. St. Peters, MO 63376 636-397-4769 ----------------------------------------------

MONTANA Heightened Harvests 3103 Harrison Ave. Butte, MT 59701 406-494-4222 One World – Life Products 906 Broadwater Billings, MT 59101 406-839-9969 Heightened Harvest 1415 S 32nd St. West Billings, MT 59102 406-656-1156

AAA Indoor Organic Garden SuperCenter 2101 S. Decatur Blvd. #21 Las Vegas, NV 89102 702-450-4769 Advanced Gardens Hydroponics 7850 Dean Martin Dr., Suite 506 Las Vegas, NV 89139 702-247-4769 All American Hydroponics 2675 East Patrick Lane, Unit 8 Las Vegas, NV 89120 702-894-9888 Best Hydroponic Supply 6818 W Cheyenne Las Vegas, NV 89108 702-750-9300 Grow Hydro Gardens 5870 S. Decatur, Suite 11 Las Vegas, NV 89148 702-997-7053; Toll Free 866568-4769

Hydro Store, The 7145 W. Ann Rd. Las Vegas, NV 89130 702-434-9376 Nevada Hydroponics 4700B Maryland, Suite 1 Las Vegas, NV 89119 702-798-2852 Anything Grows 190 West Moana Lane Reno, NV 89509 775-828-1460 Everything Green Hydroponics Reno, Nv 89533 The Hydro Store 121 Woodland Ave #160 Reno, NV 89523 775-787-2760

NEW HAMPSHIRE The Beez Kneez Garden Supply 180 Emerald St. Keene, NH 03431 603-903-1488 Greenlife Garden Supply 885 Second St. Manchester, NH 03102 603-782-8259 ----------------------------------------------

Hydro101 545 Hooksett Rd. #24 Manchester, NH 03104 603-782-8894 ---------------------------------------------Natural Roots Hydroponics 24 Crown St. Nashua, NH 03060 603-204-5528 Four Seasons Horticulture Supply 2076 White Mountain Hwy. N. Conway, NH 03860 603-733-5444 ----------------------------------------------

Grow Life Hydroponics 13 Plaistow Rd Plaistow, NH USA, 03865 603 974 2205 ----------------------------------------------

NEW JERSEY Garden State Hydroponics 511 Avenel St. Avenel, NJ 07001 888-300-8711 Boyer Indoor Gardening 57 Crescent Blvd. Gloucester City, NJ 08030 856-456-5000 Bergen County Hydroponics 70 Essex St. Hackensack, NJ 07601 201-342-2001 Garden Indoors of New Jersey 600 Meadowlands Pkwy., Suite 25 Secaucus, NJ 07094 201-865-1616 East Coast Horticultural Supply 1652 Hurffville Rd. Sewell, NJ 08080 856-228-5290 77HYDRO 37 Fairfield Pl. W. Caldwell, NJ 07006 877-774-9376 Claraqua 4 Redwood Court W. Windsor, NJ 08550

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

181

MAXIMUM YIELD distributors NEW MEXICO

----------------------------------------------

AHL Year Round Garden Supply 1051 San Mateo Blvd. S. Albuquerque, NM 87108 505-255-3677 ----------------------------------------------

All Seasons Gardening 3600 Osuna Rd., Suite 406 Alburquerque, NM 87109 505-508-4292 ---------------------------------------------Common Shaman 1319 San Mateo N.E. Albuquerque, NM 87110 505-255-6463 Heavy’s Grow Supply 1325 San Mateo Blvd. NE. Albuquerque, NM 87110 505-315-4573 Dr. Green Hydroponics 129 E. Idaho Ave. Las Cruces, NM 88005 575-524-6751 ----------------------------------------------

All Seasons Gardening 1228 Parkway, Suite E. Sante Fe, NM 87507 505-438-GROW ---------------------------------------------New Mexico Hydroponics 923 W. Almeada Santa Fe, NM 87501 505-316-5855 Santa Fe Hydroponics 851 W. San Mateo Rd., Suite 4 Santa Fe, NM 87505 505-467-8454 Earthgoods 120 Bertha Taos, NM 87571 (575) 758-9131

NEW YORK Organica: Garden Supply & Hydroponics 296 Delaware Ave. Albany, NY 12209 518-618-7666 The Grow Room 32-32 49th St. Astoria, NY 11103 718-218-GROW (4769) ----------------------------------------------

Saratoga Organics & Hydroponic Supply 19 Front St. Ballston Spa, NY 12020 518-885-2005; 800-850-4769 ---------------------------------------------The Grape Vine 4020 Hempstead Turnpike Bethpage, NY 11714 516-731-1100

Indoor Outdoor Gardener 8223 5th Ave. Brooklyn, NY 11209 718-836-2402 ----------------------------------------------

Buffalo Roots Hydroponics and Organics 3231 Main St. Buffalo, NY 14214 716-240-9075 ---------------------------------------------Hydroponics of Buffalo 1497 Hertel Ave. Buffalo, NY 14216 716-838-3545 Harvest Moon Hydroponics 340 West at 59 Central Nyack, NY 10960 California Hydroponics 27 Corporate Circle E. Syracuse, NY 13057 315-432-9387 Upstate Hydroponics 2026 Lake Rd., Unit B Elmira, NY 14903 607-483-9199 ---------------------------------------------FutureGarden Inc. 59 Central Ave. Farmingdale, NY 11735 516-420-0884 ---------------------------------------------Sunflower Supplies, LLC 176-18 Central Ave. Farmingdale, NY 11735 631-651-8281 East Coast Hydroponics 14649 Horace Harding Exp. Flushing, NY 11367 718-762-8880 Healthy Harvest Organics & Hydro 163 Broadway Fort Edwart, NY 12828 518-480-4698 ----------------------------------------------

Saratoga Organics & Hydroponic Supply 10 Saratoga Ave. S. Glen Falls, NY 12803 518-798-820 ---------------------------------------------Hydroponic Shops of America 2568 Western Ave. Guilderland, NY 12009 518-355-1503 Hydroponic Shops of America 720 Willow Ave. Ithaca, NY 14850 607-697-0199

----------------------------------------------

Mike’s Nursery & Grower Supplies 199 E. Fairmount Ave. Lakewood, NY 14750 716-763-1612

Bronx Hydro & Garden 39 Bruckner Blvd. Bronx, NY 10454 718-993-3787 Bklyn Hydro & Garden 316 McGuiness Blvd. Brooklyn, NY 11222 718-383-0095

KG Garden Supply 4575 Commercial Dr. New Hartford, NY 13413 877-KG-HYDRO

Brooklyn Farms 51 Hicks St. Brooklyn, NY 11231 347-725-3491

Harvest Moon Hydroponics 217 Route 32 N. New Paltz, NY 12561 845-255-3633

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

NORTH CAROLINA Advanced Hydroponic Garden 55 Shiloh Rd. #6 Asheville, NC 28803 1-828-277-3488

The Green Box 495 9th Ave. New York, NY 10018 212-967-4777 thegreenboxhydro.com ---------------------------------------------Sunlight Solutions Hydroponics 2045 Niagara Falls Blvd., Suite 13 Niagara Falls, NY 14304 888-GROWBOX The Grow Room 8 Bridge St. Nyack, NY 10960 800-449-9630 Revolution Hydroponics 309 West State St. Olean, NY 14760 716-373-GROW (4769) Mor Gro Hydroponics 5680 State Route 104 E Oswego, NY 13126 315-877-8725 Environmental Gardens 8 John Walsh Blvd., Suite 310 Peekskills, NY 10566 800-254-0507; 914-736-6676 Harvest Moon Hydroponics Henrietta Townline Plaza 3047 West Henrietta Rd. Rochester, NY 14623 716-865-7353 ----------------------------------------------

Hydro Garden Center 1069B Lyell Ave. Rochester, NY 14606 1-800-277-1322 ---------------------------------------------Sunset Hydroponics & Home Brewing 1590 West Ridge Rd. Rochester, NY 14615 866-395-9204 Hydroponic Garden Centers Inc 146 49 Horace Harding Exp. Rushing, NY 11367 718-762-8880 LiquidSun of New York 1702 Fiero Ave. Rotterdam, NY 12150 518-952-4654 Hydroponics Shops of America 2606 Erie Blvd. Syracuse, NY 13224 315-251-2516 ----------------------------------------------

Greentree Garden Supply 606 Elmira Rd. Ithaca, NY 14850 607-272-3666

Crossroads Hydroponics and Organics 181 South Plank Rd. (Route 52) Newburgh, NY 12550 845-561-4769

182

Retail Stores listed alphabetically by city in each state.

Green Zone Hydroponics 2148 Niagara Falls Blvd. Tonawanda, NY 14150 716-693-9663 ---------------------------------------------Green Zone Hydroponics 2928 Southwestern Blvd. Orchard Park, NY 14127 716-677-9663

Fifth Season Gardening Company 21 B Westside Dr. Asheville, NC 28806 828-225-5007 Fifth Season Gardening Company 45 Banks Ave. Asheville, NC 28801 828-253-4112 Fifth Season Gardening Company 106 South Greensboro St. Carrboro, NC 27510 919-932-7600 ----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------

Purely Hydroponic, LLC 1507 Lear Industrial Pkwy. Avon, OH 44011 866-787-5060 ---------------------------------------------Campbells Indoor Gardening Supplies 1721 Greenville Rd. Bristolville, OH 44402 330-889-0049 Magic Home Gardens 209 Cemetery Rd. Canal Winchester, OH 43110 614-837-2440 Dumont Seed Co. 619 30th St. N.W. Canton, OH 44709 330-492-0204 ----------------------------------------------

BWGS-NC 4045 Perimeter West Dr., Suite 400 Charlotte, NC 28214 800-316-1306 ----------------------------------------------

Dayton Hydroponics 4920 Provident Dr. Cincinnati, OH 45246 513-942-7111 ----------------------------------------------

High Tech Garden Supply 2712 B Freedom Dr. Charlotte, NC 28208 704-697-0911 ----------------------------------------------

Eastside Hydroponics 834 Ohio Pike #318 Cincinnati, OH 45245 513-528-4769 ----------------------------------------------

Flow & Grow Hydroponics & Organic Garden Center 4521 Cumberland Rd. Fayetteville, NC 28306 910-423-FLOW (3569) Hydro Garden Zone 2222 Patterson St. Suite #1 Green Grove, NC 27407 336-854-0788 Fifth Season Gardening Company 1616 D-3 Battleground Ave. Greensboro, NC 27408 336-271-3373 Good Harvest Garden Center 629 Oakridge Farm Hwy. Mooresville, NC 28115 704-658-9136 Fifth Season Gardening Company 5619-A Hillsborough St. Raleigh, NC 27606 919-852-4747 New Age Gardens 2236A US Highway 70 Swannanoa, NC 28778 828-299-9989 Progressive Gardens 6005 Oleander Dr. Wilmington, NC 28403 910-395-1156 LiquidSun East 12 Bay St., Unit 105 Wilmington, NC 01887 978-447-5442

OHIO Akron Garden Center 434 W Wilbeth Rd. Akron, OH 44314 330-724-2700

----------------------------------------------

Ultra Lo Hydro DAYTON, OH 45431-2046 937-252-8224 ultralohydro.com ----------------------------------------------

USA Hydrogarden 542 Griswold Rd. Elyria, OH 44035 440-324-4769 ---------------------------------------------Garden Connections 3341 Centerpoint Dr. Grove City, OH 43123 614-871-0707 Advanced Hydrorganics Indoor Garden Center 5204 Darrow Rd. Hudson, OH 44236 234-380-1287 Sweet Greens 5540 Brecksville Rd. Independence, OH 44131 800-421-7084 ----------------------------------------------

Hydro Gardens Wholesale 1144 N Memorial Dr. Lancaster, OH 43130 855-210-5599 ---------------------------------------------Carefree Garden Center 134 West Dr. Lodi, OH 44254 330-302-4203 CropKing 134 West Dr. Lodi, OH 44254 330-302-4203

The Bubbling Bucket 11156 Kenwood Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45242 513-469-2825 ---------------------------------------------Kissed by the Sun Hydroponic 10740 Reading Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45241 513-769-0159 Cleveland Garden Center Inc. 727 East 185th St. Cleveland, OH 44119 216-481-7868 The Grow Wizard 5700 Denison Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44102 216-961-2500 Herb-N-Garden Center 14901 Puritas Ave. Cleveland, OH 44135 216-252-2001 Garden Indoors of Ohio 4720 Indianola Ave. Columbus, OH 43214 800-833-6868 Magic Home Garden 4538 Indianola Ave. Columbus, OH 43214 614-263-2440 ----------------------------------------------

Harvest Moon Hydroponics 147 Fourth St. Troy, NY 10960

Summit Hydroponics 1030 Kenmore Blvd. Akron, OH 44314-2114 330-753-5222

Dayton Hydroponics 3856 Miamisburg-Centerville Rd. Dayton, OH 45449 937-859-3999 ----------------------------------------------

Follow The Sun 1185 B Yonkers Ave. Yonkers, NY 10704 914-237-2760

Hydro House of Ohio 2234 South Union Ave. Alliance, OH 44601 330-680-4014

Miami Valley Hydro 8220 N. Dixie Dr. Dayton, OH 45414 937-280-4468

USA Hydrogarden 7450 Industrial Pkwy., Suite A Lorain, OH 44053 440-282-4880 The Grow Shop 165 Davids St. Marion, OH 43302 740-223-7467 ----------------------------------------------

Urban Gardens 3665 Likens Rd. Marion, OH 43302 740-375-2800 ---------------------------------------------Top Garden Products 8600 East Ave., Suite C Mentor, OH 44060 440-290-8773 ----------------------------------------------

USA Hydrogarden - West 11001 Route 250 Suite B9 Milin, OH 44846 419-499-0480 ---------------------------------------------Green Garden Indoor Garden Center 1664 North Main St. N. Canton, OH 44720 330-494-1234 ----------------------------------------------

Gardening-Indoor 5851 Youngstown-Warren Rd. Niles, OH 44446 USA 330-932-1023 ----------------------------------------------

Pet Finatics LLC 3150 Navarre Ave., Suite A Oregon, OH 43616 USA Hydrogarden 542 Griswold Rd. Elyria, OH 44035 440-324-4769 USA Hydrogarden - West 11001 Route 250 Suite B9 Milin, OH 44846 419-499-0480 Indoor Gardens 1222 Hill Rd., N. Pickerington, OH 43147 614-866-6065 ----------------------------------------------

Trinity Hydro Organics 465 Woodman Dr. Riverside, OH 45431 937-252-GROW ---------------------------------------------Hot Hydro ® 855 S. Holland-Sylvania Rd. #2 Toledo, OH 43615 419-866-1266 Organic Garden Center 5215 Monroe St. Toledo, OH 43623 419-517-8110 Toledo Hydroponics Ltd. 855 S. Holland-Sylvania Rd., Suite 2 Toledo, OH 43615 877-893-0716 ----------------------------------------------

Plant Lighting Hydroponics 2201-A Pinnacle Parkway Twinsburg, OH 44087 888-258-0670 ---------------------------------------------Greenleaf Hydroponics 1805 Elm Rd. Warren, OH 44483 330-372-1039 Dayton Hydroponics 3856 Miamisburg-Centerville Rd. W. Carrolton, OH 45449 937-859-3999 ----------------------------------------------

Gardening-Indoor 9215 Market St. Youngstown (North Lima), OH 44452 330-758-0272 ---------------------------------------------Indoor Garden Worx 304 West Monroe St. Zanesville, OH 43701 866-900-9679

The Mad Farmer Tulsa LLC 11630 E. 51 St. Tulsa, OK 74146 918-615-3735 Urban Garden 3141 E. 15th St., Tulsa, OK 74104 918-289-0018

OREGON Indoor Hydroponic Garden & Lights 5990 SW 185th Ave. Aloha, OR 97006 503-848-3335 Astoria Indoor Garden Supply 1343 Duane St., Unit C Astoria, OR 97103 503-468-0606 ----------------------------------------------

Aqua Serene 465 Applegate Way, Ashland, OR 97520 541-482-7600 ---------------------------------------------Rogue Silicates Inc. POB 21 Azalea, OR 97410 541-837-8590 American Agriculture 9966 SW. Arctic Dr. Beaverton, OR 97005 503-641-3500 ----------------------------------------------

Bend’s Indoor Garden Station 35 NW Bond Bend, OR 97701 541-385-5222 ---------------------------------------------Northern Light & Garden 9290 SW Beaverton-Hillsdale Hwy. Beaverton, OR 97005 503-297-7331 ----------------------------------------------

Westcoast Organic & Hydroponic Supply 12410 SE 282nd Ave., Unit C Boring, OR 97009 503-512-7710 ---------------------------------------------The Good Earth Organics 30088 Redwood Hwy. Cave Junction, OR 97523 541-592-4496 Anthony’s Garden & Light Supply 93779 B Troy Lane Coos Bay, OR 97420 541-266-8822 ----------------------------------------------

OKLAHOMA Aeroponic Tower Garden 204 W. 5th St. PO Box 712 Beggs, OK 74421 918-221-4630; 1-877-213-8868 Tulsa County Hydro-Organics 1928 W. Albany Broken Arrow, OK 74012 918-259-HYDRO AAAAHA! Hydroponics Unlimited P.O. Box 74 Oakhurst, OK 74050 Organics OKC Garden Supply 2800 N Pennsylvania Ave. Oklahoma City, OK 73107 405-528-GROW The OKC Urban Gardener 3711 N. Western Ave. Oklahoma City, OK 73118 405-521-9300

Corvallis Hydroponics & Organics 5490 SW Philomath Blvd. Corvallis, OR 97333 541-738-2820 ---------------------------------------------Emerald Valley Gardens Inc. 88680 McVay Hwy. Corvallis, OR 97405 541-636-3763 ----------------------------------------------

Aqua Serene 2836 W. 11th Ave. Eugene, OR 97402 541-302-9073 ----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------

Aurora Innovations PO Box 22041 Eugene, OR 97402 866-376-8578 ----------------------------------------------

Vital Organics Northwest 457 River Ave. Eugene, OR 97404 541-688-0028 ---------------------------------------------Oregon’s Constant Gardener 2385 West 11th Eugene, OR 97402 541-636-4220 Advanced Indoor Gardens 17831 S.E. 82nd Dr. Gladstone, OR 97027 503-305-6341 Northern Light & Garden 1203 Rogue River Hwy. Grants Pass, OR 97527 541-474-1700 Paradise Supply LLC 560 N.E. “F” St., Unit C Grants Pass, OR 97526 541-955-7293 Redwood Nursery 1303 Redwood Ave. Grants Pass, OR 97527 541-474-2642 Vital Organix 932-B S.E. “M” St. Grants Pass, OR 97526 541-226-9283 ----------------------------------------------

Healthy Harvest Indoor Garden Suite #1, 1635 S.E. Tualatin Valley Hwy. Hillsboro, OR 97123 503-640-0995 ---------------------------------------------Gorge Garden Center 1203 12th St., Suite H Hood River, OR 97031 541-386-4769 ----------------------------------------------

In & Out Gardens 93484 Hwy 99 South Junction City, OR 97448 541-234-2342 ----------------------------------------------

Healthy Harvest Indoor Garden 3837 River Rd. Keizer, OR 97303 503-393-2901 ---------------------------------------------Basin Indoor Gardening 417 N. Spring St. Klamath Falls, OR 97601 541-273-2023 Just the Tip Gardening 631 Main St. Lebanon, OR 97355 541-258-3234 Green Zone Garden Center & Hydroponic Supplies 1845 S.W. Hwy. 101 Suite 3 Lincoln, OR 97367 541-994-7070 Green Thumb Hydrogarden & Organic Supply 2021 West Main St. Medford, OR 97501 541-779-8600

Growing Crazy (Hooked On Hydroponics) 817 W. 2nd St. Medford, OR 97501 ----------------------------------------------

In & Out Gardens 1574 Skypark Dr. Medford, OR 97501 541-858-3333 ---------------------------------------------Ladybug Indoor Gardens 3960 W. Main St. Medford, OR 97501 541-618-4459 Advanced Organics & Garden Supply 290- B Merlin Ave. Merlin, OR 97532 541-659-1466 ----------------------------------------------

Wizard’s Garden, LLC 621 Spruce St., Unit C Myrtle Point, OR 97458 541-572-2333 ---------------------------------------------Green Zone Garden Center & Hydroponic Supplies 454 S.W. Coast Hwy. Newport, OR 97365 541-265-8252 ----------------------------------------------

Gorilla Garden Supply 2011 Union Ave N. Bend, OR 97459 541-756-5005 ---------------------------------------------Green Garden Indoor Garden Center 1664 North Main St. N. Canton, OH 44720 330-494-1234 Indoor Garden Depot 3260 SE Oak Grove Blvd. Oak Grove, OR 97267-1421 503-786-2445 All About Hydroponics 633 Claude Rd. Ontario, OR 98914 208-731-9823 Phoenix Organics 4543 S. Pacific Highway Phoenix, OR 97535 541-535-1134 American Agriculture 9220 SE Stark St. Portland, OR 97216 800-433-6805 Bloom Garden Supply 518 N.E. 20th Ave. Portland, OR 97232 971-255-1336 ----------------------------------------------

BWGS-OR 18201 N.E. Portal Way, Suite 104 Portland, OR 97230 888-316-1306 ----------------------------------------------

Everybody’s Garden Center 2701 S.E. 14th Ave. Portland, OR 97202 800-669-5483

Samurai Greenhouse Supply 32067 Old Hwy. 34 Tanget, OR 97389 541-928-3431

Garden Spout, The 4532 SE 63rd Ave. Portland, OR 97206 503-788-GROW ----------------------------------------------

Grow America Garden Supply LLC 11511 S.W. Pacific Highway Tigard, OR 97223 503-841-6868 ----------------------------------------------

Grow World 17410 SE Division St. Portland, OR USA, 97236 503-477-9351 ----------------------------------------Indoor Hydroponic Garden & Lights 1409 S.E. 82nd Ave. Portland, OR 97216 503-445-2250 Jantzen Beach Hydroponics 909 N. Tomahawk Island Dr., Suite 103 Portland, OR 97217 503-546-3185 Lights Distributing 9843 S.W. 55th Ave. Portland, OR 97219 Rain or Shine 13126 N.E. Airport Way Portland, OR 97230 503-255-1981 Roots Garden Supply 5426 North Gay Ave. Portland, OR 97217 503-285-4768 Urban Flora 2865 South East Portland, OR 97214 503-236-3344 BIGS Warehouse 2606 S.W. 4th St., Unit B Redmond, OR 97756 541-504-8886 Green Solutions Garden Supply 628 SW Glacier Ave. Redmond, OR 97756 541-504-2604 Indoor Garden Supply 536 S.W. 6th St. (rear alley) Redmond, OR 97756 541-504-7750 DC Hydroponics & Organics 7275 Green Siding Rd. Roseburg, OR 97471 541-679-3700 Roseburg Hydroponics 853 SE Stephens St. Roseburg, OR 97470 541-229-1420 Indoor Garden Center 1697 SE 25th St. Salem, OR 97302 503-566-7888 Northern Light & Garden Salem 1915 Lancester Dr. Salem, OR 97305 503-364-4769 Grow Big Inc. 16572 SE 362nd Dr. Sandy, OR 97055 503-826-8277 Greener Side of Life 623 West Centennial Blvd. Springfield, OR 97477 541-636-3552

Portland Hydroponics & Organics 11564 S.W. Pacific Highway Tigard, OR 97223 503-746-4303 ---------------------------------------------Pharmer Hydroponics 11135 S.W. Industrial Way, Bldg 10-4 Tualatin, OR 97062 503-486-5751 Splatt Hydroponics 23842 NE Halsey St., Suite B Wood Village, OR 97060-1002 503-912-0231

PENNSYLVANIA Pocono Hydroponic Solutions 25 Route 611 Bartonsville, PA 18321 570-730-4544 Green Solutions Hydroponics 1700 Orange St. Berwick, PA 18603 570-752-1530 Garden Indoors of Pennsylvania 208 Route 13 Bristol, PA 19007 800-227-4567 422 GROW 1775 North Main St. Ext. Butler, PA 16001-1327 724-561-3777 ----------------------------------------------

High Tech Garden Supply 20232 Route 19, Unit 6 Cranberry Twp., PA 16066 724-473-1113 ---------------------------------------------Hydrofarm East 270 Canal Rd. Fairless Hills, PA 19030 888-780-4567 Home Hydroponics of Pittsburgh 830 Route 119 Greensburg, PA 15601 724-836-1118 Buds to Blooms Garden and Supply Co., LLC 509 Orchard Ave. Kennett Square, PA 19348 610-388-0100 ----------------------------------------------

The Companion Plant 363 E. Main St. Kutztown, PA 19530 610-683-9676 ----------------------------------------------

Cascade Horticulture 19959 E. Burnside Portland, OR 97233 503-661-1700

Oregon’s Constant Gardener 2053 Laura St. Springfield, OR 97477 541-747-8170

Evergreen Garden Supply 3393 SE 21st Ave. Portland, OR 97055 503-206-5670

Moonshine Park Farm 135 South East 62nd, Unit F South Beach, OR 97366 541-444-2298

The Companion Plant 363 E. Main St. Kutztown, PA 19530 610-683-9676

Evergreen Garden Supply 8830 N.E. Sandy Blvd. Unit C Portland, OR 97220 503-408-6635

Rogue Farmers 1007 S. Pacific Hwy. Talent, OR 97540 541-512-4600

Flairform PO 1417 Lansdale, PA 19446 215-395-6353

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

183

MAXIMUM YIELD distributors ----------------------------------------------

RH Distribution PO 1417, Lansdale, PA 19446 888-545-8112 ---------------------------------------------Esbenshades Greenhouses 546A E. 28th Div Hwy Lititz, PA 17543 717-626-7007 Hydro Ponics of Harrisburg 310 S. 10th St. Lemoyne, PA 17043 877-684-3808 Always Green Garden Supply 4400 Old William Penn Hwy., Suite 106 Monroeville, PA 15146 412-646-1243 Home Hydroponics of Pittsburgh 2008 Smallman St. Pittsburgh, PA 15222 412-232-7030 Healthy Gardens and Supply 1008 Lincoln Ave. Prospect Park, PA 19076 866-32-HYDRO Northeast Hydroponics & Homebrewing 221 Scranton Carbondale Hwy. Scranton, PA 18508 570-209-7924 Full Time Garden Supply 1011 Ritner Hwy. Shippensburg, PA 17257 717-477-0350

The Organic Grow Hut 375 Putnam Pike, Suite 13 Smithfield, RI 02828 401-349-4141 ----------------------------------------------

Good To Grow 51 Old Tower Hill Rd. Wakefield, RI 02879 401-783-1733 ---------------------------------------------Grow With Us 709 Warwick Ave. Warwick, RI 02888 401-270-6998 Live to Grow 719 Bald Hill Rd. Warwick, Rl 02886 401-615-5122 Mother Nature Hydroponics 1268 Post Rd. Warwick, RI 02888 401-780-0600 ----------------------------------------------

GrowRI 105 Franklin St., Unit # 38 Westerly, RI 02891 401-596-0904 ----------------------------------------------

Western Pennsylvania Innovative Gardening 1177 Pittsburgh Rd., Suite 103 Valencia, PA 16059 724-903-0800

Good To Grow 34 Nooseneck Hill Rd. W. Greenwich, RI 02817 401-392-3100 ----------------------------------------------

Organic Garden Center 1307 Park Ave. Williamsport, PA 17701 570-322-3120 ----------------------------------------------

Growin’ Crazy 93 Kingston Rd. Wyoming, RI 02898 401-284-0810

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 450 Grim Lane York, PA 17406 877-779-7111 (Northeast) ---------------------------------------------PA Hydroponics & Home Gardening Supply 20 Quaker Church Rd. York Springs, PA 17372 717-528-4175

RHODE ISLAND Oakworld Garden Center 39 West St. Barrington, RI 02806 401-245-5705 Solar Seed Hydroponics, Inc. 2406 Putman Pike Chepachet, RI 02814 401-710-9010 Organically Grown 768 Atwood Ave. Cranston, RI 02920 401-944-0549 ----------------------------------------------

GrowRI 184 Admiral Kalbfus Rd. Newport, RI 02840 401-619-0776 ---------------------------------------------Hydro-Earth 1243 Mineral Springs Ave. North Providence, RI 02904 401-305-5520

184

SOUTH CAROLINA GreenSpirit Hydrogarden 1864 Meeting St. Charleston, SC 29405 843-225-1GRO ----------------------------------------------

Skyes the Limit 455 B Fleming Rd. Charleston, SC 29412 843-566-2121 ---------------------------------------------247 Garden Supply 535 D Clemson Rd. Columbia, SC 29229 803-788-4445 The Urban Garden Hydroponics 9557 Two Notch Rd., Suite E Columbia, SC 29223 803-788-9313 ----------------------------------------------

All Seasons Indoor & Outdoor Supplies 1350 Hwy. 501 Business, Store 3&4 Conway, SC 29526 843-347-9266 ---------------------------------------------Green Thumb Unique Gardening & More 1230 Rutherford Rd. Greenville, SC 29609 864-271-8830

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

Retail Stores listed alphabetically by city in each state.

SOUTH DAKOTA

Texas Hydroponics & Organics (Central Austin) 5605 Burnet Rd. Austin, TX 78756 512-459-4769

Brite Ideas Hydroponics & Organics 5121 Crest Way Dr., Suite 203 San Antonio, TX 78239 210-248-9309

Green Earth Products Inc. 5700 Highway 79 S., Unit 1 Rapid City, SD 57702 605-342-1307 ----------------------------------------------

Texas Hydroponics & Organics (South Austin) 2125-A Goodrich Ave. Austin, TX 78704 512-440-4769

Texas Hydroponics & Organics (San Antonio) 3412 Copeland San Antonio, TX 78219 210-226-4769

TENNESSEE

Third Coast Horticulture Supplies 7010 Burnet Rd. Austin, TX 78757 512-459-4353

Texas Hydroponics & Organics (San Antonio West) 6729 Bandera Rd. San Antonio, TX 78238 210-684-4769

----------------------------------------------

Innovative Hydroponic Supply Inc. 3286 North Park Blvd., Unit G Alcoa, TN 37701 865-984-0280 ----------------------------------------------

Atlantis Hydroponics 1800 Rossville Avenue, #3 Chattanooga, TN 37408 423-752-5400 ---------------------------------------------Advanced Hydroponic Garden 783 French Mill Rd. Dandridge, TN 37725 800-521-1643 ----------------------------------------------

Perpetual Harvest 75 Riverport Dr. Jackson, TN 38301 877-422-3391 ---------------------------------------------Advanced Hydroponic Garden 6912 Clinton Hiwy. Knoxville, TN 37921 866-938-3318 Grow Green Garden Shop 3625 Fairmont Blvd. Knoxville, TN 37917 865-249-8259 Sun City Hydroponics 2235 Whitten Rd., Suite 104 Memphis, TN 38133 901-372-8100 ----------------------------------------------

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 126 Belinda Parkway Mt. Juliet, TN 37122 888-265-9005 _______________________ All Seasons Gardening and Brewing Supply Co. 924 8th Ave. S. Nashville, TN 37203 800-790-2188 ----------------------------------------------

Jolly Green Hydroponics (Greenhouse Horticultural Supplies) 13628 Neutron Rd. Dallas, TX 75244 866-WE-JOLLY; 469-341-5555 Lone Star Hydroponics & Organics 10550 Markinson Rd. Dallas, TX 75207 214-634-9376 Texas Hydroponics & Organics (Deep Ellum) 2715 Main St. Dallas, TX 75226 214-745-4769 Texas Hydroponics & Organics (Dallas) 2606 Manana Dr. Dallas, TX 75220 214-744-4769 Earth Organics 1360 Lee Trevino Dr., Suite 105 El Paso, TX 79936 915-591-9500 Texas Hydroponics & Organics (Ft. Worth) 2501 Airport Frwy. Ft. Worth, TX 76111 817-834-4769 Hydrofarm Central 950 Ave. S. Grand Prairie, TX 75050-1133 800-634-9999 Aggressive Garden 3582 W T.C. Jester Blvd Houston TX 77018 713-681-7764 Botani Garden 15120 Bellaire Blvd. Houston, TX 77083 281-575-1999 Houston Discount Hydroponics 9380 Richmond Ave. Houston, TX 77063 713-464-9406 HydroShack 1138 W. 20th St. Houston, TX 77008 713-292-1921 Hydroponic Nation 9001 Frey Rd. Houston, TX 77034 713-943-1115 Progressive Garden 3582 W T.C. Jester Blvd. Houston, TX 77018 713-681-7764

Worm’s Way Tennessee 901 Main St. Nashville, TN 37072 800-397-4153 ----------------------------------------------

Texas Hydroponics & Organics (Houston) 2420 Rusk St,. Houston, TX 77003 713-641-4769

TEXAS

Ultimate Hydroponic Garden Supply 6125 W. Sam Houston Pkwy. N. #206 Houston, TX 77041 713-856-8425

Abundant Harvest Hydroponics & Organics 3101 Ave. E. Arlington, TX 76011 817-649-0100 Brite Ideas Hydroponics & Organics 4201 South Congress Ave., Suite 310 Austin, TX 78745 512-444-2100

Innergrow Hydroponics 24451 Interstate Hwy. 20 Wills Point, TX 75169 866-475-4769

UTAH Wasatch Hydroponics 60 W 3300 S. Suite #6 Salt Lake City, UT 84115 801-716-4133

VERMONT

----------------------------------------------

Greenthumb - Vermont 394 Route 15 Jericho, VT 05465 802-899-4323 ----------------------------------------------

Peak Hydro

How’s It Growing 193 Route 15 West Johnson, VT 05656 802-635-9931 avespo@myfairpoint.com ----------------------------------------------

Blue Ridge Hydroponics & Home Brewing Company 5327 D Williamson Rd. Roanoke, VA 24012 540-265-2483 Inside-Out Garden Supply 6517 Backlick Rd. Springfield, VA 22150 703-451-3259 I Love Hydroponics 368 Newtown Rd. #105 Virginia Beach, VA 23462 757-490-5425 Hydroponics & Growlights 13400 Occoquan Rd. Woodbridge, VA 22191 703-490-0700

West VIRGINIA Panhandle Hydroculture 800 East Moler Ave. Martinsburg, WV 25401 304-240-7587 Mountaineer Gardening and Hydroponics 258 Kingwood St. Morgantown, WV 26505 304-290-2460 Almost Heaven Hydroponics 3476 University Ave. Morgantown, WV 26505 304-598-5911

WASHINGTON

----------------------------------------------

AJ’s Indoor Gardening 1317 Summit St. Aberdeen, WA 98520 360-533-1170 ----------------------------------------------

Peak Hydroponic Garden Supplies

Peak Hydroponic Garden Supplies 20 School St. Plainfield, VT 05667 802-454-8000 ----------------------------------------------

Island Horticulture Supply 8608 S March Point Rd. Anacortes, WA 98221 360-293-0000 ----------------------------------------------

LiquidSun® VT 1 Bellows Falls Rd. (Route 5 North) Putney, VT 05158 802-387-1100 ----------------------------------------------

Mike’s Indoor Garden Supply 6121 172nd St. N.E. #A Arlington, WA 98223 360-474-1900 ----------------------------------------------

Green Thumb Gardening P.O. Box 235, Route 15 Underhill, VT 5489 800-564-9376 ----------------------------------------------

Pro Grow Horticulture Supplies 3411 169th Pl. N.E. Suite C Arlington, WA 98223 360-925-6358 ----------------------------------------------

VIRGINIA Fifth Season Gardening Co. 900 Preston Ave. Charlottesville, VA 22903 434-293-2332 Clean & Green Technologies 196 Corning Dr. Christiansburg, VA 24073 866-694-1628

Belfair Garden & Lighting 24090 N.E. State Route 3 #F Belfair, WA 98528 360-275-2130 Green Gardens Distributing 12738 Bel-Red Rd. Bellevue, WA 98005 425-454-5731

Texas Growers Supply 5990 N. Sam Houston Pkwy. E. #602 Humble, TX 77396 281-441-3739

Maryland Hydroponics 1061 West Broad St. Falls Church, VA 866-324-9376

In Bloom 2119 Lincoln St. Bellingham, WA 98225 360-778-1668

Hydro Mart 3841 Main St. Rowlett, TX 75088 972-475-6114

Lucky Roots 612 North Sheppard St. Richmond, VA 23221 804-377-3020

Northern Lights Gardening 4159 Hannegan Rd. Bellingham, WA 98225 360-715-8585

----------------------------------------------

North West Hydro Supply 5659 Guide Meridian St. Bellingham, WA 98226 360-778-3254 ----------------------------------------------

Fife Indoor Garden Center 1422 54th Ave. E. Fife, WA 98424 253-922-5352

Mike’s Indoor Garden Supply 1204 East Wheeler Rd. Moses Lake, WA 98837 509-766-5856

SnoGro Indoor Gardening Supply 502 Maple Ave. Snohomish, WA 98290 360-863-6935

----------------------------------------------

Good 2 Gro 3507 W. Clearwater Ave. Kennewick, WA 99336 509-737-1313 ---------------------------------------------

M & R Lighting 17238 Memorial Dr. Mt. Vernon, WA 98273 360-848-1080

509 Grow 2718 N. Division Spokane, WA 99207 509-327-GROW (4769)

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 5408 N.E. 88th St. Building A Vancouver, WA 98665 888-478-6544 ----------------------------------------------

Liquid Sunshine Hydroponics 5087 Lincoln Rd. Blaine, WA 98230 Kitsap Garden & Lighting 2130 6th St. Bremerton, WA 98312 360-377-1277 M & R Lighting Unit C 22914 Hwy 410 Buckley, WA 98390 360-707-5999 ----------------------------------------------

Island Horticulture Supply 1500 Port Dr. Burlington, WA 98233 360-707-5999 ----------------------------------------------

Indoor Tropics 5930 Sunburst Lane #B Cashmere, WA 98815 509-470-7782 ----------------------------------------------

Indoor Gardening 111 W. Main Centralia, WA 98531 360-807-4259 ---------------------------------------------Sauk Solutions 7460 S Dillard Ave. Concrete, Wa 98237 360-853-8498 Grow Center, The 615 South Fir DeerPark, WA 99006 509-276-GROW Cascadia Garden Supply 188 A St. Eastsound, WA 98245 360-376-6040 ----------------------------------------------

Indoor Tropics 801 N. Prospect Ellensburg, WA 98926 509-933-4441 ---------------------------------------------Healthy Grow Indoor Garden Supplies 10 S.E. Everett Mall Way, Suite B Everett, WA 98208 425-374-2227 Indoor Garden Depot 8630 Evergreen Way, Suite B Everett, WA 98208 425-347-0700 Indoor Garden Depot 1401 S. 324th St. federal Way, WA 98003 253-874-1112

Indoor Garden & Lighting 714 South Central Ave. Kent, WA 98032 253-373-9060 ---------------------------------------------Kent Garden Supplies Ltd. 18817 East Valley Hwy. Kent, WA 98032 425-251-9299 ----------------------------------------------

Light Dreams Indoor Gardening 24817 Pacific Highway S. Ste 205 Kent, WA USA, 98032 206-249-8012 ----------------------------------------------

Grogro Hydro 12403 N.E. 124th St. Kirkland, WA 98034 888-7-GROGRO; 425-820-6200 Hefty Harvest Garden & Hydroponic Supply 2825 Marvin Rd. N.E., Suite M Lacey, WA 98516 360-628-8964 ----------------------------------------------

KP Indoor Garden Store 8912 Key Peninsula Hwy. N. Lakebay, WA 98349 253-884-SURE (7873) ----------------------------------------------

Indoor Gardening 1158 Commerce Longview, WA 98632 360-353-3851 ----------------------------------------------

Indoor Garden & Lighting 20505 Highway 99 Lynnwood, WA 98036 425-673-2755 ---------------------------------------------Go-N-Green Hydroponics 1241 State Ave., Suite #102 Marysville, WA 98270 360-386-8230 Green Acres Indoor Garden & Lighting 514 State Ave, Suite #102 Marysville, WA 98270 360-658-GROW (4769) Island Hydroponic & Supplies 1515 5th St. #B Marysville, WA 98271 425-299-5855

Northern Lights Gardening 1524 Riverside Dr, #2 Mt. Vernon, WA 98273 360-982-2217\ Poulsbo Indoor Garden and Lighting 22275A Stottlemeyer Rd. POULSBO, WA 98370 360-930-0853 ----------------------------------------------

Indoor Garden & Lighting 8606 Preston Fall City Rd. S.E. Preston, WA 98050 425-222-9661 ---------------------------------------------Linda’s Gardening & Hydroponics 11522 Canyon Rd. E. Puyallup, WA 98373 253-531-9641 Purple Spring Horticulture Supply 711 Nesses Corner Rd. Pt. Hadlock, WA 98339-9411 360-344-2500 Renton Indoor Garden Center 329 Wells Ave. S. Renton, WA 98057 425-917-9000 Eco Enterprises 1240 N.E. 175th St. #B Shoreline, WA 98155 800-426-6937 ----------------------------------------------

Aqua Serene 3839 Stone Way N. Seattle, WA 98103 206-547-GROW (4769) ----------------------------------------------

Grow Center, The 2808 W. Sprague Spokane, WA 99202 509-456-GROW River City Hydroponics 1514 East Francis Ave. Spokane, WA 99208 509-464-0246 Rootz Indoor Garden Supply 923 E. Hoffman Spokane, WA 99207 509-443-5999 ---------------------------------------------\ Spokane Organic & Hydroponic Supply 4823 East Sprague Avenue E. Spokane Valley, WA 99212 509-534-4055 ---------------------------------------------Spokane Organic & Hydroponic Supply 8701 North Division, Suite D Spokane Valley, WA 509-468-4800 Garden City Hydroponics 14103 Pacific Ave. S. Tacoma, WA 98444 253-301-3985 ----------------------------------------------

Seattle’s Hydro Spot 917 N.W. 49th St. Seattle, WA 98107 206-784-2161 ----------------------------------------------

Sodo Hydro 1727 1st Ave. S. Seattle, WA 98134 206-682-9377; 888-90-HYDRO (904-760) ---------------------------------------------Northwest Horticulture Supply 161 Hooker Rd. #1 Sequim, WA 98057 360-582-0702

Artificial Sun Hydroponics 3506 Summitview Ave. Yakima, WA 98902 509-823-4026

WISCONSIN

----------------------------------------------

Aric’s Indoor Garden Supply 1104 West Wisconsin Ave. Appleton, WI 54914 920-574-3258 ---------------------------------------------Grow BIG Hydroponics 954 S. Westland Appleton, WI 54914 920-749-4769 2oGrow 1150 Madison Rd. Beloit, WI 53511 608-289-1852 Brew and Grow 285 N. Janacek Rd. Brookfield, WI 53045 262-789-0555 Sustainable Growth LLC 218 N. Dewey St. Eau Claire, WI 54703 715-901-0511 Garden Supply Guys 752 Memorial Dr., Suite A Green Bay, WI 54303 920-857-9493

Indoor Garden & Lighting 3839 6th Ave. Tacoma, WA 98406 253-761-7478 ----------------------------------------------

Grogro Hydro 12316 32nd AVE N.E. #103 Seattle, WA 98125 Hydro-Tech 2121 Aurora Ave. N. Seattle, WA 98109 206-547-2202 ----------------------------------------------

Indoor Garden Supply LLC 1250 Atlantic Ave. Woodland, WA 98674 360-841-8055

Hydro Your Own 8501-75th St. Unit C Kenosha, WI 53142 262 697 6112 Brew and Grow 1525 Williamson St. Madison, WI 53703 608-226-8910 ----------------------------------------------

Waterworks Hydroponics 5039 S. Washington Tacoma, WA 98409 253-301-4343 waterworkshydro@hotmail.com ---------------------------------------------Solar Shop 306 West 4th St. Tonasket, WA 98855 509-486-4508 Indoor Garden Depot 6400 N.E. Highway 99, Suite H Vancouver, WA 98665 360-993-7779 ----------------------------------------------

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 4525 N.W. Fruit Valley Rd. Vancouver, WA 98660 888-478-6544 (Northwest)

Paradigm Gardens 4501 Helgesen Dr. Madison, WI 53718 608-241-3800 ---------------------------------------------Spread Eagle Garden Center 4413 N. Lake Rd. S. Florence, WI 54121 715-696-3910 Brew and Grow 2246 Blue Mound Rd., Suite B Waukesha, WI 53186 262-717-0666

PUERTO RICO

----------------------------------------------

Tecno-Hydro Ave Campo Rico GJ17, PO Box 1450 Carolina, PR 00982 787-752-8252 ----------------------------------------------

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

185

FREE DIGITAL SUBSCRIPTION TO

MAXIMUM YIELD

COMING UP NEXT ISSUE The Micro Revolution Succulent, slender but packing a powerful flavor punch, micro greens have become increasingly more popular both on our plates and as a profitable hydroponic crop. Dr. Lynette Morgan has the details on growing these crops.

Get the online edition of

Ebb and Flow Hydroponic Systems

delivered free to your inbox

One of the most reliable and effective hydroponic systems available to gardeners is the ebb and flow hydroponic system. A properly operating ebb and flow system will rival any other high performance hydroponic system in both speed of growth and overall yield.

Maximum Yield

EVERY MONTH

Visit maximumyield.com

for more information

Growing in Tight Spaces People living in small spaces such as apartments, condominiums, row houses, mobile homes and even those with small city lots cannot grow their own food for want of acres of land. A lack of space need not discourage one from growing their own food—with some creativity and the use of unconventional spaces, almost anyone can produce some amount of homegrown food, regardless of climate.

Maximum Yield USA March will be available next month for free at select indoor gardening retail stores across the country and on maximumyield.com. Subscriptions are available at maximumyield.com/subscriptions

Have an Idea? Maximum Yield wants to hear your ideas. Get in touch with editor@maximumyield.com and let us know what you’d like to see in future issues of the magazine. Also get in touch if you’re interested in being a contributor. We’d be happy to have you!

Stay in the Know with Maximum Yield’s E-News

maximumyield.com 186

Maximum Yield USA | February 2014

Every month Maximum Yield’s E-News brings you the latest news, tips and tricks, reader questions, contests and upcoming events. If you are not yet subscribed to our mailing list, sign up today at maximumyield.com/enewssignup