Maximum Yield USA July 2013 by Maximum Yield

CONTENTS July 2013

90 FEATURES 72 Growing 101: Skills to Garden By

50 Don’t Let ‘Em Fry!: Managing Excessive Heat

by Dr. Lynette Morgan

60 The Possibilities and Realities of Foliar Feeding

by Kyle L. Ladenburger

72 Growing 101: Skills to Garden By by Russell Landry

82 You Are What You Eat: The Correlation of Plant Nutrition and Disease by Dr. J. Benton Jones, Jr.

90 Raging Hormones

114

by Eric Hopper

102 Holla for Ollas by Grubbycup

114 Getting Enough of the Right Stuff: Calcium and Magnesium by Jennifer Casey

170 126 Changing Dirt into Soil:

Understanding Plant Nutrition and the Bio-geo-chemical Processes of Soil by Michael Martin Meléndrez

142 Plant-based Nutrients and Healthy Microbes by Kelly Dunn

150 An Element Too Good to Pass Up: The Benefits of Silicon by David Kessler

162 Beyond the Basics: PAR and DLI Light Elements

by Maxwell Salinger

170 Aquaponic Stress Factors by Sylvia Bernstein

180 The Myth of Cloroxed Clippers by Dr. Linda Chalker-Scott

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

152

DEPARTMENTS 12

From the Editor

158

Tips & Tricks

MaximumYield.com

188

10 Facts On...

Letters to the Editor

190

Book Review

Ask the Experts

191

Do You Know?

MAX Facts

192

Talking Shop

Product Spotlight

194

You Tell Us

112

Avant Gardening

200

Max Mart

122

Beginners Corner

203

Distributors

124

Growing for Health

218

Coming up in August

140

Green Thumb Gardening

FROM THE EDITOR | Linda Jesson Welcome to our hot summer issue highlighting the 10th Anniversary San Francisco Indoor Gardening Expo. We have packed this month's issue with some great articles to help you and your plants survive the heat and have included a large sampling of the new indoor gardening products you can be sure to see at the upcoming expo at the end of the month. One major concern we have as we hit the summer months is the heat. Don't let your plants fry! Managing excessive heat is possible with the few easy steps we highlight in our feature from Dr. Lynette Morgan. And, if you're setting up outdoors right now and are looking for a no-fuss irrigation system, why not consider an olla? Grubbycup shows us how in his latest contribution. Did last month's article on aquaponics vs. hydrofrom the ponics leave you feeling hungry for more? Good news! Sylvia Bernstein includes a follow-up about aquaponic stress factors (and don't miss a review of her book on page 190). Also in this issue, we Linda Jesson explore plant hormones (there are five kinds), and how to get enough of the right stuff: calcium, magnesium and silicon for good measure. We have packed this issue with all the best tips and tricks to keep you growing your finest this summer! For those of you that missed our recent Novi, Michigan Indoor Gardening Expo, I recommend you get your bags packed for our 10th Anniversary San Francisco Expo happening July 28th at the Concourse Exhibition Center in San Francisco. This expo is anticipated to be the biggest expo ever complete with local, regional and international gardening experts showcasing the latest gardening trends in over 400 booths. Take advantage of the educational seminars, the networking, free samples and the knowledge that will help you learn to Grow Like a Pro! More show details are available on page 196 or by visiting indoorgardenexpo.com. Be sure to stop by the Maximum Yield booth to say hello!

Message Editor

VOLUME 14 – NUMBER 4 July 2013 Maximum Yield is published monthly by Maximum Yield Publications Inc. 2339A Delinea Place, Nanaimo, BC V9T 5L9 Phone: 250.729.2677; Fax 250.729.2687 No part of this magazine may be reproduced without permission from the publisher. If undeliverable please return to the address above. The views expressed by columnists are a personal opinion and do not necessarily reflect those of Maximum Yield or the editor.

Publication Agreement Number 40739092 Printed In Canada PRESIDENT/PUBLISHER - Jim Jesson GENERAL MANAGER - Don Moores BUSINESS MANAGER - Linda Jesson editorial editor@maximumyield.com Editor-in-chief Linda Jesson Assistant Editor Jessica Skelton Assistant Editor Julie McManus ADVERTISING SALES Sales Manager Ilona Hawser - ilona@maximumyield.com Account Executives Kelsey Hepples - kelsey@maximumyield.com Katie Montague - katie@maximumyield.com Jed Walker - jed@maximumyield.com DESIGN & PRODUCTION ads@maximumyield.com Art Director Alice Joe Graphic Designers Jennifer Everts Dionne Hurd Jesslyn Gosling ACCOUNTING Tracy Greeno - accounting@maximumyield.com

USA DISTRIBUTION Aurora Innovations • BWGS • General Hydroponics Humbolt Wholesale • Hydrofarm National Garden Wholesale/Sunlight Supply • Nickel City Wholesale Garden Supply • R&M Supply • Tradewinds CANADIAN DISTRIBUTION Brite-Lite Group • Biofloral • Eddis Wholesale • Greenstar Plant Products Inc. • MegaWatt • Quality Wholesale UK DISTRIBUTION Direct Garden Supplies • Growth Technology • Future Harvest Development Europe • Dutch Bio Power Nutriculture UK • Dutch Pro • Maxigrow AUSTRALIAN DISTRIBUTION Dome Garden Supply • House N Garden • Futchatec • Growth Technology

Just to clarify:

We have been made aware that an editor’s interpretation in the introduction of Michael Martin Meléndrez’s feature article in the May issue of Maximum Yield USA entitled “Unraveling the Humic Acid Mystery” led to the article containing obsolete information about humic acids. It was the author’s intention to emphasize a contemporary understanding of humic acids, one that goes beyond the simplified theory that humic acids are created during the decomposing of organic matter. In fact, the science of soil and the molecular insight of what humic acids really are is very complex, which Michael was attempting to describe. He was kind enough to share with us a tiny bit of information that his technical team of scientists have revealed performing analysis research at the Los Alamos National Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratories, on contract with Soil Secrets LLC.

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

contributors Dr. Lynette Morgan holds a B.

Eric Hopper has over 10 years of

Kyle L. Ladenburger is a passionate

Grubbycup has been an avid

Hort. Tech. degree and a PhD in hydroponic greenhouse production from Massey University, New Zealand. Lynette is a partner with SUNTEC International Hydroponic Consultants and has authored ﬁve hydroponic technical books. Visit suntec.co.nz for more information.

experience in the hydroponic industry as both a retail store manager and owner. He continuously seeks new methods and products that could help maximize garden performance. Eric resides in Michigan where he and his family strive for a self-sufﬁcient and sustainable lifestyle.

indoor and outdoor gardener. He is also a freelance garden writer. With nearly 10 years in the industry working for Age Old Organics, he is well versed in numerous growing methods with a focus on soil health.

indoor gardener for over 20 years. His articles were ﬁrst published in the United Kingdom, and since then his gardening advice has been published in French, Spanish, Italian, Polish, Czechoslovakian and German. He is also considered one of the world’s leading authorities on crochet hydroponics. Jennifer Casey loves her two dogs, her husband, the amazing garden he grows and living in the country—in that order. Crafting, reading and cooking from the garden are her favorite ways to spend her time.

Russell Landry is the former vice

president of the Great Pumpkin Commonwealth and its competitive weigh-off sites held worldwide. He is now the current president of the Giant Vegetable Growers of Ontario (gvgo.ca). Russ grows giant pumpkins, tomatoes and squash. He has written numerous articles featuring methods to increase vegetable size and fruit yield.

Dr. J. Benton Jones Jr. has 50

Michael Martin Meléndrez is

years of experience growing plants hydroponically. He is an Emeritus Professor at the University of Georgia, Athens and has authored eight books and written articles for magazines that deal with hydroponic issues. He currently has his own consulting company, Grosystems, Inc. Dr. Jones currently lives in Anderson, SC, USA.

professionally trained as a scientist of biology, physiology and chemistry, He owns three agri-businesses based out of Los Lunas, New Mexico: Trees That Please, Soil Secrets, LLC, and Soil Secrets Worldwide, LLC. He is also the curator of a private botanical garden called the Arboretum Tomé.

Kelly Dunn is the owner, alchemist and

herbalist for Dragonﬂy Earth Medicine. Kelly has 20 years of experience in organic farming, herbology and midwifery. She works with her partner, Josh, and son, Sky, to create the family business, Dragonﬂy Earth Medicine. She does not claim to be an expert in anything, but is a lifelong student of health and happiness. Maxwell Salinger is a research horticulturist at CropKing Inc. He earned his bachelor’s degree in crop science from Ohio State University, where he also minored in plant pathology. Maxwell has a passion for integrating the technological side of crop production with the art of growing, and he is proud to call himself a hydroponics geek.

Sylvia Bernstein is the author of

Aquaponic Gardening: A Step by Step Guide to Growing Fish and Vegetables Together. She is also the president of The Aquaponic Source, and the cofounder and past vice chairman of the Aquaponics Association. Before discovering aquaponics, she was the vice president of marketing and product development for AeroGrow International.

Become a Maximum Yield contributor and have your articles read by 250,000 readers throughout USA, Canada, UK, Europe, New Zealand and Australia. Maximum Yield is the largest free-to-consumer indoor gardening magazine in the world. Every issue is available on maximumyield.com, which has thousands of unique visitors monthly.

COMING UP ON THE WEB San Francisco Indoor Gardening Expo Coming Soon

Got Questions? Get Answers.

Maximum Yield’s resident experts are ready to answer your modern gardening questions. Email editor@maximumyield.com or fill out the “Ask the Experts” question form on maximumyield.com

We are officially halfway through the 2013 Grow Like a Pro Indoor Gardening Expo season. Be sure to mark the last two dates onto your calendar; we’ll be in San Francisco, California, July 27 to 28 and in Long Beach, California, on October 26 and 27. Whether you’re a new or experienced gardener, these trade shows offer something for everyone. Did you know you can receive Maximum Yield USA Stay tuned to indoorgardenexpo.com for details so free to your inbox every month? Subscribe to the you can plan your 2013 vacation. Also be sure to digital edition of Maximum Yield by simply filling check out the expo buzz on our social media pages. out the form at maximumyield.com/subscriptions

Free Digital Subscription to Maximum Yield USA

I’m a Fan Contest

Tell us why you are a fan of Maximum Yield and you could win monthly prizes of a $100 gift card to your favorite indoor gardening shop, and also have a chance at the grand prize of a $1,000 gift card to your favorite indoor gardening shop. Visit maximumyield.com to enter online and to read some of the great responses we’ve received so far. Contest closes December 14, 2013.

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Maximum Yield E-News Archives Every month, Maximum Yield sends out an electronic newsletter containing indoor gardening industry tidbits to our followers. We also keep all of that information posted online at enews.maximumyield.com in case you ever miss something.

Quick Connect

Connect to maximumyield.com instantly from your Smartphone with our Quick Response (QR) Code, found on the cover of this issue of Maximum Yield. Now you can access the best products, the most in-depth articles and information, and the latest news at high speeds. Simply download the QR Code Reader software onto your Smartphone, scan the QR Code and your phone’s browsers takes you to maximumyield.com. It’s that simple!

Connect with US maximumyield.com facebook.com/MaximumYield indoorgardenexpo.com twitter.com/max_yield

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Fifth I’m a Fan Winner Announced

Michael Goodin from Nashua, New Hampshire, is the fifth winner of Maximum Yield’s I’m a Fan Contest! Michael said, “I am new to the hydro world and to be honest, for a geek, I was completely clueless as to where to start. I needed a new soil for my veggie garden this year and stopped into Hydro101. The guys there were awesome and totally showed myself and my family a bunch of stuff and completely peaked our interest. As we Michael Goodin left, he handed us a copy of Maximum Yield and told me to read it. [It was the] best advice all week! There were awesome articles on how to get started with hydro: different ways, different lighting, everything. The funniest part was I could swear that this copy was custom written for me. Everything my wife and I have been talking about was inside. I am hooked!” Thanks for the kudos, Michael, and congratulations on winning Maximum Yield’s fifth I’m a Fan contest! We hope you enjoy your $100 gift certificate at your favorite indoor gardening shop, Hydro101. Would you like a chance to win Maximum Yield’s I’m a Fan contest? Tell us why you are a fan of Maximum Yield and you could win the monthly prize of a $100 gift card to your favorite indoor gardening shop, and also have a chance at the grand prize of a $1,000 gift card to your favorite indoor gardening shop. Simply send your testimonial, name, address, phone number and email address to editor@maximumyield.com, or fill out the online form at maximumyield.com/imafan. Contest closes December 14, 2013.

Expo First-timer

Although Zyme Alive is a repeat vendor at the Maximum Yield indoor gardening shows, this was my first time attending [in Denver] and I was not disappointed. The convention center was a great venue for the event and the booth area we were provided was of ample size. There were quite a few vendors there, which attracted a fairly large amount of shop owners who were extremely receptive to our sales pitch and product. I also thought that the barcode scanning system was a great idea and I am extremely excited to get the associated data. I think that being able to get contact information associated with the people we gave free samples will help encourage sales more than any other factor. On Sunday the amount of people from the public that attended was enormous! We got a chance to get samples to a fair amount of people that would have been impossible without the expo. Overall, I think that the Maximum Yield show was an extremely positive experience and it looks as though we got quite a few really good sales leads. Maxwell Salinger, CropKing Inc.

In Response to Indoor Gardening Expos

This show is amazing! Last year we met amazing people, got amazing samples, learned so much and had a great time! Christian (via Facebook) 18

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Thank You

Maximum Yield gives you the most up-to-date and industry products available and a ton of other information. I would visit my hydro shop just to get the latest copy, and now I just subscribed to my very own digital copy each month (how awesome is that?) … Because of you guys, I have received numerous free samples and entered codes and have even won free nutrients. Who could ask for more? So, I would just like to say, thank you. – Dante, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Your Your Your Your Your Your Your Your Your Your Your

TwoTwo Two Two Two Two Two Two Two Two Two Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents We asked on Facebook:

Your Your Your Your Your Your Your Your Your Your “Where do you turn to first when you experience a

gardening for theTwo first Two time? Two “ Two Two hurdle Two Two Two Two Two

Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents

Here are some of the great responses we received:

Your Your Your Your Your Your Your Your Your Your

Literacy. I read books, magazines, general information. Before experiencing problems.”

Two Two Two Two Two Two Two Two Two Two

Corey

and ask Cents if similarCents problemsCents are occurring our areaCents at the local CentsI go Cents Cents inCents Cents nursery or hydro shop and I give my opinion on how I’m going to fix it and see what kind of feedback I get from other like minds. If I’m stumped, or so are they, than I fire up the computer and make some tea and let the Internet quest for knowledge begin!”

Cents

Anthony R.

YourHonestly, YourI useYour Your Your Your Your Your Your YouTube for quite a bit ofYour information.”

Two Two Two Two Two Two Two Two Two Two

Anthony O.

Ask the Hydro Nerds!”

Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents

T.j.

Your Your Your Your Your Your Your Your Your Your

I go to forums, the best place for hands on experience. Just gotta find the right ones first.”

Two Two Two Two Two Two Two Two Two Two

Eron

Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents

We want to hear from you!

Your Your Your Your Your Your Your Your Your Your

Maximum Yield Publications Inc. Snail-mail: 2339 Delinea Place, Nanaimo, BC V9T 5L9 Email: editor@maximumyield.com Twitter: twitter.com/max_yield Facebook: facebook.com/MaximumYield

Two Two Two Two Two Two Two Two Two Two Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents Cents

ASK The Experts

Eric Hopper

There are a lot of comparisons of LED and HID lights for growing plants. Most use watts for the comparisons of such things like taut efficiency and heat vs. light, but I would like to see a comparison using photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) as units of measure. For example, if plants do well with 300 umol/m2/s from an HID light (knowing that only a portion of the light spectrum from an HID light is efficiently used by plants, even if it falls within photosynthetically active radiation—400 to 700 nm), what is a comparable number of umol/m2/s from LEDs that will produce similar growth results? This is assuming the LEDs are emitting wavelengths efficiently used by plants—roughly 400 to 500 nm and 600 to 700 nm on a 1:7 ratio of the two wavelength regions. I know there are many issues here, but please assume I have a reasonable understanding of them except this one. I haven’t found anything on this yet. Hoping for an answer.

Best regards, Dave

Thank you for your great question. PPFD (expressed in umol/m2/s) is currently the best measurement horticulturists have to determine how much usable light energy there is. Unfortunately, a PPFD reading gives us the total photon flux density between 400 to 700 nm without taking into consideration the nanometers to which chlorophyll a and b are most sensitive. That being said, the amount of umol/m2/s or PPFD required to produce optimal growth with LED lighting should be slightly lower than with other horticultural light sources (this is assuming the LEDs are emitting the optimal nanometers for photosynthesis).

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

In theory, horticultural LEDs should also be able to produce higher PPFD readings per watt of energy consumed than other light technologies because of their ability to tailor their light output to specific nanometers. I’m afraid until we have a way to accurately measure individual nanometers within the range of PAR, comparing horticultural LEDs to other horticultural lighting technologies is a bit like comparing apples to oranges. Thanks again for your question! Eric Hopper

MAX FACTS

hydroponic news, tips and trivia

Gardening Trends Much is in store for the 2013 growing season, such as multi-colored blooms, high-yield vegetables bred for containers and ornamental edibles, according to the head of new product development for Ball Seed Co., Kevin Roethle. Grafted tomatoes appear to be the hottest new trend in home gardening, he says, while cocktail gardens, featuring plants that make or embellish alcoholic drinks, top this year’s niche category. “We’re looking for earlier (maturing) varieties, things that work in smaller spaces and plants that are different,” he said, adding that the seed company has added 295 new introductions this year. (Source: abcnews.go.com)

MAXFACTS

hydroponic news, tips and trivia

Carbon-storing Urban Trees From New York City’s Central Park to Golden Gate Park in San Francisco, America’s urban forests store an estimated 708 million tons of carbon—an environmental service with an estimated value of $50 billion, according to a recent US Forest Service study. Urban areas in the continental United States increased from 2.5% of land area in 1990 to 3.1% in 2000—an increase equivalent to the area of Vermont and New Hampshire combined. If that growth pattern continues, the country’s urban land could expand by an area greater than the state of Montana by 2050. (Source: inhabitat.com)

A Bug’s Life Insects are regarded as one of the most diverse groups of animals in the world and they have one thing in common: they are all made from a material called cuticle, which supports them in a way human bones support our bodies. The cuticle also acts as a kind of protective skin, making it an extremely versatile biological material. “If we understood how it acts under repeated loads, we might be able to design more 24

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

durable biomimetic materials for many kinds of applications,” says Dr. Jan-Henning Dirks who is studying the biomechanics of insects. “Studying insect cuticle is not only thought-provoking from the engineering point of view … results are also interesting from the biological perspective, where we can learn more about how insects evolved to become one of the most successful groups of animals,” he adds. (Source: sciencedaily.com)

MAX FACTS

hydroponic news, tips and trivia

Shady Hanging Baskets Research has shown that the color of hanging baskets in a greenhouse or indoor garden can influence the light transmission to the crop below. White and green baskets tested without plants in them provide 13 and 25% shading, respectively. Regardless of color though, under a typical greenhouse hanging basket scenario, shading can be in excess of 45% as plants grow over the sides of the basket. (Source: e-gro.org)

Plants that Rise from the Ashes In the spring following a forest fire, trees that survived the blaze explode in new growth and plants sprout in abundance from the scorched earth. For centuries, it was a mystery how seeds, some long dormant in the soil, knew to push through the ashes to regenerate the burned forest. In previous studies, scientists had discovered that special chemicals known as karrikins are created as trees and shrubs burn during a forest fire and remain in the soil after the fire, ensuring the forest will regenerate. A new study has sought to uncover exactly how karrikins stimulate new plant growth. Scientists believe that in addition to explaining how fires lead to regeneration of forests and grasslands, their findings may aid in the development of plant varieties that help maintain and restore ecosystems that support all human societies. (Source: sciencedaily.com)

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; July 2013

Come visit us in San Francisco at booth #

335

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

MAX FACTS

hydroponic news, tips and trivia

The Grape Destroyers

Harvesting Electricity from Plants Researchers have developed a way to harness the power of a plant’s photosynthetic process to generate a clean form of electricity for human use. During photosynthesis, electrons freed from water molecules go towards producing sugars for the plant’s survival. Structures within the plant cell called thylakoids store the energy from the sun. Scientists were able to alter proteins within the thylakoids to interrupt the pathway along which electrons flow, placing the thylakoids against a backing of carbon nanotubules 50,000 times finer than a human hair. Acting as an electrical conductor, the nanotubules were able to take the electrons from the plant and move them along a wire. (Source: phys.org)

Grape-eating beetles have made an appearance in Nebraska, posing a threat to the local industry. The beetles are related to the common May and June beetles, which turn up every year in the state, but these green beetles are more of a threat to fruit, particularly grapes. They can destroy a crop very quickly, traveling in swarms, eating much of a crop and defecating on the remainder. Once they have found the fruit, they emit a chemical to notify others of the species to its whereabouts. The green June beetles are native to the eastern and southern parts of the United States and common in Oklahoma and Kansas. Experts think the bugs have been moving north and west because of warmer conditions and milder winters over the past 10 years. To control the bugs, growers can cover plants with netting and apply insecticide. Digger wasps also can help. (Source: sfgate.com)

Morphing Onions Researchers at Cornell University have developed new mild onions. Twelve years in development and with a couple years of testing still to go, researchers say it will be just a few years before the mild locally grown onions are available to the public. “These onions have a longer shelf life and still produce huge flavors; I see them as being a consumer’s dream,” said Steve Miller, Cornell Dining senior executive chef. The new onions have the initial aroma and flavor of a mild onion, but they have a lot less water. As a result, they have a longer shelf life and stay crisper and intact when cooked. (Source: news.cornell.edu)

Much Crop Plant Diversity North America isn’t known as a hotspot for crop plant diversity, yet a new inventory has uncovered nearly 4,600 wild relatives of crop plants in the United States, including close relatives of globally important food crops such as sunflower, bean, sweet potato and strawberry. The findings are good news for plant breeders, who’ve relied increasingly in recent years on the wild kin of domesticated crops as new sources of disease-resistance and drought-tolerance crops. (Source: sciencedaily.com)

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

MAX FACTS

hydroponic news, tips and trivia

Hydroponic Bus Urban Roots has developed the BussAqua, an old school bus that has been transformed into a stationary hydroponics garden in which Purple Cherokee heirloom tomatoes are grown all year long in Reno, Nevada. The bus will be open to tours for local schools as one of Urban Roots’ programs to teach children about sustainable gardening. (Source: rgj.com)

Year of the Watermelon The National Garden Bureau has indicated that 2013 is the year of the watermelon. Not only are watermelons (Citrullus lanatus) delicious, they are one of the largest edible fruits grown in the United States. It’s also one of the most useful fruits as every part is edible: the flesh can be eaten as is, the rind can be pickled and the seed can be roasted or ground into other ingredients. Today’s watermelons can be classified as picnic, icebox, seedless and yellow/orange flesh types. In the early ’90s, seedless or triploid melons came onto the market and it’s estimated that 50% of all watermelons grown commercially are now seedless. (Source: ngb.org)

Hydrogen Sulfide Treatments Hydrogen sulfide, the pungent stuff often referred to as sewer gas, is lethal to plants and humans in high does, but in extremely lower doses, it appears to speed up plant growth, according to new research. Scientists used a concentration of one part per billion or less to water seeds of peas, beans and wheat on a weekly basis. With wheat, all the seeds germinated in one to two days instead of four or five, and with peas and beans the typical 40% rate of germination rose to 70% and crop yields nearly doubled. However, it is likely to be some time before scientists and the general public are comfortable with the level of testing to make sure there are no unforeseen consequences of treating food crops with hydrogen sulfide. Instead, the most significant near-term promise could be in growing algae and other stock for biofuels. (Source: sciencedaily.com)

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT YOUR GUIDE TO THIS MONTH’S

HOTTEST ITEMS Ask for them at your local indoor gardening store White Lightning The next best thing is coming soon to a retail store near you. Soil Secrets is recognized in the world of farming and land reclamation for having the best mycorrhizal products in the industry. Now, Soil Secrets is bringing you a ready-to-use mycorrhizal product called White Lightning, which has the highest live spore count seen in any over-the-counter product sold in retail stores. A blend of both ectoand endomycorrhizal species, this product will work with the maximum number of plant crop species. Mycorrhizal fungi are accepted, recognized and verified with published research to provide tremendous benefits to most plants. For more information, see your nearest indoor gardening store.

Increase Oxygen Replenishment with the Elemental O2 Easy The O2 Easy from Elemental Solutions takes all the difficulty out of increasing water circulation and oxygen replenishment. In this kit you’ll find a 951-gph Elemental O2 Commercial Pump, a 4-Outlet Elemental O2 Metal Divider, two 2-in. Elemental O2 Cylinder Stones and plenty of air tubing to accommodate any set-up. Visit an indoor gardening store for more information.

Explode: Formidable Flowering Booster Dutchpro’s Explode is a brilliant bloom stimulator that delivers precious nutrients and minerals to your plants throughout the flowering stage. Consisting of micronutrients, vitamins and acids, it does exactly as the name suggests—explosively driving flowering growth and bigger yields in addition to increasing your plants resistance against diseases! This product is suited for every irrigation system, as well as most soil, hydro and coco set-ups. It’s available in 8.45- and 33.81-oz. and 1.32-, 2.64and 5.28-gal. bottles. Visit a grow store near you for more information.

Serenade Garden Disease Control Serenade Garden Disease Control is made from a unique, patented strain (QST 713) of Bacillus subtilis. Bacillus subtilis penetrates and destroys many common fungal and bacterial disease spores, but does not harm beneficial insects or wildlife. This product is registered by the EPA, meets USDA’s National Organic Program (NOP) standards and is listed by the Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI) for use in organic gardening. Serenade Garden Disease Control can be used on flowers, vegetables, lawns and other listed plants. To learn more, visit a hydroponic center near you.

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT

The OG Air-cooled Reflector Designed in the United States by Growlite and manufactured by Growlush, the OG Air-cooled Reflector is a new design for growroom lighting that utilizes a patented vertical orientation and a carefully researched and designed 360-degree parabolic reflector that allows it to evenly concentrate and layer light. In-house and independent evaluations have shown that a 600-W lamp fitted in an OG reflector can effectively match the performance of a 1,000-W bulb in a horizontal air-cooled reflector. The OG also features Concealed Vacuum Airflow Technology, which allows it to efficiently exhaust heat away from the bulb by creating a cyclone effect to swirl air around the bulb and out of the reflector to the ventilation system. For more information, ask a local retailer.

Rainmaker Sprayers

Coming Soon: The Neutralizer

Sunlight Supply®, Inc. is excited to announce the arrival of the Rainmaker Sprayers. From the 32-oz. spray bottle to the 5-gal. battery-powered portable sprayer, these all-purpose sprayers feature chemical-resistant polyethylene plastic bodies. This durable plastic is translucent, allowing liquid level measurements to be easily identified. One- through 3-gal. Rainmaker Sprayers come with a funnel top design, while the 4- and 5-gal. models feature a threaded wide-mouth opening and integrated filter to help prevent spilling or dripping. Rainmaker Sprayers can be used for a variety of home and garden applications, including cleaning agents, herbicides, pesticides and foliar feeding fertilizer or compost tea. For more information, see a retailer close to you.

Essential oils are the most powerful assets that Mother Nature provides to combat foul odors. The Neutralizer, produced by Synergy UK Ltd. and coming soon to the United States, is composed of a mixture of such oils. Each oil has its own history, a purpose, its own specific properties and hundreds of active molecules that work in synergy, creating a link between the oils and the benefits of the plants from which they are extracted. Synergy’s research and development team works with great passion, precision and attention to detail in order to offer clients a guarantee on the purity, quality and efficiency of its products. The Neutralizer is the result of hard work and dedication to achieve a unique product with astonishing results. For more information, ask about it at a hydroponics retail store near you.

Humisoil by Organic Bountea One-hundred-percent pure Alaska Humus is incredibly diverse in both content and application. Humisoil contains thousands of species of beneficial bacteria and fungi and is rich in glacial minerals. Use this living soil up to 20% in a soil or soilless medium. As an amendment, add a handful or two of Humisoil under the root ball when planting. Alaskan Humus is the best compost tea starter on the market. For more information, see a retailer near you.

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT RAW Humic Acid RAW Humic Acid is exactly what the name implies: 59% humic acids in a fully soluble form, without fillers. This individualization allows the gardener maximum control and precise custom formulation, meaning both the plant and the gardener get exactly what they want. From a one-family garden to a commercial growers market, the aim is always value, quality and control; RAW Humic Acid provides the gardener with the power to manage all three. RAW Humic Acid contains one of the highest levels of available, soluble humic acids in the gardening world (solubility and availability are two of the most important factors in the usefulness of any product). To learn more, see a retailer near you.

Boost the Life of Bluelab pH Products with KCl Storage Solution We know it is extremely important to use, care for and store pH probes correctly. If they are not used correctly they may break or die prematurely. Use Bluelab pH Probe KCl Storage Solution to maximize the response time and life of Bluelab pH products. Storage of pH probes: Add three to five drops of KCl Storage Solution to the pH pen cap every week, keep the cap on the pen when not in use. pH probes need to be covered in KCl storage solution. Remember, if it dries, it dies! Every 30 days, remember three simple steps: 1) Clean the pH probe tip; 2) Hydrate in KCl Storage Solution (the pH Pen must be hydrated every month, it is optional for all other probes); and 3) Calibrate to two pH points: pH 7.0 and pH 4.0. Bluelab pH Probe KCl Storage Solution is perfect for use with the Bluelab pH Pen, Bluelab Soil pH Pen, Bluelab pH and soil pH probes. Visit your nearest retail store to buy Bluelab pH Probe KCl Storage Solution, available in 100-ml bottles.

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; July 2013

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT

Mini Snips Hydrofarm’s Mini Hazno Snips are the ideal size for precision cutting and trimming, whether you’re gathering blossoms, pruning bonsai or houseplants, or trimming new clones. These Mini Snips are ultra-lightweight and feature a spring-action handle and 1.30-in. carbon steel blade for accurate cuts. With Hydrofarm’s Mini Snips, you can be sure you have the right tool for the job! To find out more, visit your nearest retailer.

Liquid Ladybug V from Eco Organics Liquid Ladybug V™ is for “vege,” the first and only organic miticide specifically formulated for plants in vegetative growth. It is the strongest pre-bloom phase spider mite killer available. The natural oils in Liquid Ladybug V will stop mites in their tracks and end the egg-laying cycle, but it will not harm growth. It’s safe to use on all plants and food crops, and will not harm beneficial insects. Now you have a choice, either regular Liquid Ladybug™ for plants in bloom or Liquid Ladybug V for any plant not in bloom. For more information, visit a hydroponic shop near you.

Manage Radiant Heat with Sunleaves Thermal Loc Reflective Insulation For growers concerned about their heat footprint, there’s Sunleaves Thermal Loc Reflective Insulation. This strong, reliable material reduces thermal imaging and radiant heat signatures by 97%. Outer layers of reflective foil and an inner layer of insulation are bonded for extreme durability. Packaged in 4-ft.-wide rolls, Sunleaves Thermal Loc comes in lengths of 25, 50 and 100 ft. for complete coverage. Go to a retailer near you to learn more.

Age Old Humic Age Old Humic biologically encourages plants to increase cell division and nutrient uptake. Soil applications of humic are used to release nutrients in the soil that are not readily available to the plant. Humic acid is so powerful that a single molecule is capable of carrying 70 or more minerals and trace elements into the cells. Humic acid also increases absorption of oxygen, decreases acidity and is also used to reclaim soils damaged by chemicals. Humic acid’s function is to balance and energize all cell life and biological properties it comes in contact with. Because humic acid minerals are organic, they will not build up in the body tissues. This results in stronger, healthier plants and higher yields. Available at a store near you.

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT Take Root: Superb Root Stimulator Dutchpro’s Take Root is a growth stimulant capable of radically improving the inner and outer qualities of your young plants! The active components are of natural origin, including several plant hormones and micronutrients. These combine to boost cellular division, cell elongation and nutrient transport—all of which help with overall root development during early vegetative growth. In addition to this, Take Root also slows down the aging process for prolonged good health! This product is suited for every irrigation system, as well as soil, hydro and coco setups. Take Root is available in 8.45- and 33.81-oz. and 1.32-, 2.64- and 5.28-gal. bottles. Learn more at a grow store near you.

Safer Brand’s new Product Sizes Starting with the first insecticidal soap, Safer® Brand has been bringing you innovative new products for organic pest control for over 25 years. With the broadest line of OMRI-listed insecticides and fungicide products, you can use our products with the confidence you aren’t putting any toxic chemicals on your crop. Have thrips, spider mites, whiteflies or caterpillars? No problem! We’ve got you covered. Safer Brand products now come in gallon sizes for more coverage! For more information, visit your nearest retailer.

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT

Growlush 600-W Programmable Digital Ballast The new Growlush 600-W Programmable Digital Ballast features the same quality, silent operation, dimming and super lumen functions as our previous silent, electronic ballasts, but adds the functionality of a built-in digital timer to manage your light schedule with down-to-the-minute accuracy, as well as a remote control option. Growlush ballasts feature low failure rates and are backed by a 3-year limited warranty and include safety features that include automatic shutdown in case of a short circuit, overheating or lamp failure. This modern, electronic ballast is up to 30% more energy efficient and can help to prolong lamp life by up to 10%. Additionally, users can seamlessly switch between MH and HPS bulbs and adjust light output on the fly from as little as 50% to as high as 110%. For more information, ask a local retailer.

SuperCloset’s SuperLocker 3.0 Hydroponic Grow Box Supercloset’s new LED SuperLocker 3.0 grow box utilizes a proprietary spectrum facilitated by 3-W LEDs to flower large yields in tight spaces. In addition, the LED SuperLocker 3.0 grow box uses a proprietary 8-bandwidth spectrum that runs on 700 mA. Heat is dissipated efficiently amongst the 2-CM aluminum circuit boards that are the backbone of the Super LED lighting systems. The LED SuperLocker 3.0 LED lighting system is a 250-W equivalent and uses about half of the electricity as a 250-W HID light while producing similar luminous efficiency. For more information, visit a local retailer.

Shear Perfection Pruning & Cutting Tools National Garden Wholesale® is excited to announce the arrival of the Shear Perfection™ Pruning and Cutting Tools. This new line of quality hand tools will perform for years. The titanium coated stainless steel blades will stay sharp during multiple uses and are very easy to clean. These shears include a comfort-grip handle with spring-loaded action for less fatigue on your hands. Storage is simple with an easy-lock mechanism. For right- or left-handed use. Shear Perfection– A Cut Above! Visit a store near you for more information.

RAW Yucca RAW Yucca is 100% yucca extract in a fully soluble form, without fillers. This individualization allows the gardener maximum control and precise custom formulation, resulting in both the plants and gardener getting exactly what they want. RAW Yucca provides all gardeners with the power to manage three key dynamics of gardening: value, quality and control. The yucca plant spends its whole life trying to save enough water. For this reason, it is known for assisting other plants to uptake and process water—and with that water comes nutrients. Keeping up with the industry’s excelling standards is made easier by simplifying to the basics. For more information, visit an indoor gardening center near you.

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT

SuperCloset’s LED SuperFlower 3.0 Hydroponic Grow Box Supercloset’s new LED SuperFlower 3.0 grow box utilizes a proprietary spectrum facilitated by 3-W LEDs to flower large yields in tight spaces. In addition, the LED SuperFlower 3.0 grow box uses a proprietary 8-bandwidth spectrum that runs on 700 mA. Heat is dissipated efficiently amongst the 2-CM aluminum circuit boards that are the backbone of the Super LED lighting systems. The LED SuperFlower 3.0 is a dedicated flowering grow box and is a 600-W equivalent and uses about half of the electricity as a 600-W HID light while producing similar luminous efficiency. For more information, visit a local retailer.

Bluelab Soil pH Pen Packaging Error Oops! We’ve made an error on the packaging for our newest member of the pen family. The Bluelab Soil pH Pen is missing a zero and a dot from one of the fields in the Specifications table. Just two little details yet they are vitally important. The accuracy of the Bluelab Soil pH Pen at 25˚C / 77˚F is ± 0.1pH. Packaging changes have been made, however, there will be some products circulating with the incorrect specifications. Full product specifications are available online at getbluelab.com, and you can always contact our team if you have any other queries.

Dutchpro’s Starter Pack for Hydro and Coco All the nutrients and supplements you need for grow and bloom in one box. This authentic Amsterdam-designed canal house starter pack is the perfect introduction to Dutchpro’s award-winning range of nutrients and additives at a significantly reduced price! This Dutchpro Hydro/Coco starter pack contains everything you would need to conduct a small grow! Not only does this pack give you a taste of the amazing hydro/coco grow and bloom nutrients, but it gives you a whole selection of Dutchpro additives and supplements to boost your plant growth. Grow schedules and instructions included. For more information, see a retailer near you.

GrowoniX EX Series The EX Series is efficiency at its best. With the durable EX Series, they stripped out all the non-essential components and left in all the high-quality parts found in the GX Series. Also, the new bracket on the EX600 and EX1000 allows the unprecedented use of 20-in. pre-filters—doubling the amount of sediment and carbon pre-treatment. The EX600-T and EX1000-T are offered at an unparalleled price point, yet boast the same power and upgradability as the GX Series. The EX line is designed to flow up to 16 gph of almost 0 ppm purified water (that out-flows all other RO’s in the same class). Available at a hydroponic retail shop near you.

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT

Keep Water Cool with the 0.5 HP Elemental H2O Chiller Elemental Solutions’ most powerful H2O Chiller is now available. The new 0.5 HP Elemental H2O Chiller maintains stable, cool temperatures in water tanks of 50 to 135 gal. and is compatible with water pumps with flow rates of 300 to 800 gph. This unit’s temperature memory system, auto restart, simple controls and easy-to-read LED display make operation simple. Constructed from durable materials, including an anti-corrosive evaporator, this chiller is built for reliability and carries a one-year warranty. Visit a hydro store near you for more information.

SuperCloset’s LED Deluxe 3.0 Hydroponic Grow Box

RAW Solubles It is no secret that today’s gardeners are eco-minded and technologically savvy, and these same values are demanded in the products they use. What seems to be the apex of efficiency and production technology boils down to the simple elements of life: RAW solubles. As the name implies, RAW solubles are pure nutrients in a fully soluble form, without fillers. These individualized elements allow the gardener maximum control and precise custom formulation. Not adding fillers also allows the cost to remain low. With RAW solubles, it costs less to produce more. For these reasons the trend toward RAW solubles is growing. See a local retailer to learn more.

SuperCloset has just added the LED Deluxe 3.0 to its suite of hydroponics systems and grow cabinets. The LED Deluxe 3.0 grow box utilizes a proprietary spectrum facilitated by 3-W LEDs to flower large yields in tight spaces. In addition, the Deluxe 3.0 LED grow boxes use a proprietary 8-bandwidth spectrum that runs on 700 mA. Heat is dissipated efficiently amongst the 2-CM aluminum circuit boards that are the backbone of the Super LED lighting systems. The Super LED light in the Deluxe is a 400-W equivalent and uses about half of the electricity as a 400-W HID light while producing similar luminous efficiency. For more information, visit a local retailer.

Power All Cords Sunlight Supply®, Inc. is excited to announce the arrival of the Power All product line. These quality extension cords, adapters and power strips are perfectly suited to meet all of your electrical needs. Made of high-quality materials, Power All stands above the rest in reliability, safety, function and durability. Power All proprietary cords feature a built-in circuit breaker for added safety and to help protect your expensive equipment. With a product line as varied as the needs they meet, Power All is sure to have exactly what you need to get growing fast! Visit a hydroponic retail store for more information.

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

: ! y r F m e ‘ t t a e e h L e v t i ’ s s Donanaging exce m

te lynet . r d y b

n morga

While indoor gardening seems like the perfect antidote to outdoor extremes, vents allow a little bit of the outdoors to invade our protected growing haven. Fortunately, we have the technology to deal with these problems…

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

don’t let them fry Sweltering conditions, overbearing heat, extreme humidity or arid dry air—these are the difficult outdoor climate challenges that many growers face for at least part of the year. While indoor gardening might seem like the perfect antidote to such outdoor extremes, the requirement to vent fresh air in and stale air out of a growroom means a little bit of the outdoors invades our protected growing haven. When ambient temperatures are mild, drawing air in from outside poses little problem (in fact, it helps maintain an optimum environment for growth), but when it’s 100°F outside and the air is dripping with humidity or as dry as desert sand, drawing air in and over the crop doesn’t quite provide those ideal growing conditions that most plants are after. Fortunately, these types of problems are one of the reasons we have such highly developed greenhouse and indoor gardening technology—dealing with unfavorable outdoor conditions is what protected cropping is all about!

Plant physiology and excess heat

Temperature is a major controller of the rate of plant growth and affects many plant processes. Generally, as the temperature increases, chemical processes within the plant proceed at faster rates until a maximum is reached and chemical inhibition occurs. Chemical processes in plants are regulated by enzymes and cell membranes, which perform best within a certain temperature range. Outside this range, chemical processes begin to slow down and can even completely stop. At this point the crop becomes stressed, growth is reduced and the plants might eventually die.

1,793 words (5 pages) Don’t Let ‘em Fry: Managing Excessive Heat Lynette Morgan

“ If respiration is burning a high proportion of these sugars, less is left for plant growth and development.” Even temperatures slightly above the ideal range can have significant effects on plants. As temperatures increase, so too does the rate of respiration. Respiration is a process that burns the sugars (A.K.A. assimilate) produced during photosynthesis. If respiration is burning a high proportion of these sugars, less is left for plant growth and development, so yields subsequently fall. To make matters worse, high temperatures can accelerate water loss from the plants via the stomata on the leaf surface. If the plant senses the rate of water loss from the foliage is higher than it can sustain via root uptake, the stomata will close to protect the plant. Once stomata close, no CO2 can diffuse into the leaf for photosynthesis. As such, the photosynthesis process will shut down until such time as the conditions improve, meaning no sugars for growth are being produced. Combined, these processes (or lack thereof) mean plant growth can completely stagnate.

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

s uch a ops s ffer r c n ns. lly su seaso Cool e can rea g conditio c in u w t o t r le hot g under

An infra be used red thermome te t are act o determine if r can ively tr leaves an cooling themse spiring and lves.

don’t let them fry

Transpiration and root zones

Plants do have a natural process for cooling themselves: transpiration. Energy is lost as water evaporates into the air surrounding the leaf during this process, causing the temperature to fall (this is the same cooling we feel when sweat evaporates from wet skin). This process is one we can take advantage of to measure heat stress. By using a simple tool, an infrared thermometer that non-destructively measures surface temperatures, we can determine if a leaf is actively transpiring and photosynthesizing, or whether it has shut the stomata to prevent excessive water loss. If the leaf surface temperature is a few degrees lower than the surrounding air temperature, then transpiration is occurring and cooling that surface. If the leaf temperature is the same as the air temperature or even slightly higher, than the stomata have shut and no transpiration is happening. This is also a great way to monitor plants under heat stress conditions to determine at exactly what temperatures they start to shut down, as this can vary

“ if air humidity is very high, plants struggle to transpire enough water to help cool themselves.” between different species and in different growing environments. Note that humidity also plays a role in this process: if air humidity is very high, plants struggle to transpire enough water to help cool themselves, but if humidity is low the rate of water loss might be too high for the plant to sustain and wilting can rapidly occur. Transpiration and temperature also have an indirect effect on the plant’s root zone. Under hot and dry conditions, the rate of water loss via transpiration from the foliage can be high (particularly for those plants with large leaf areas). When this occurs, the plants draw water up faster from the root zone. This higher proportion of water to nutrient uptake means salts can build up in growing media, and solution culture systems often see rapid increases in EC under these conditions. So, carefully monitoring the EC in the root zone becomes essential when plants are under this type of heat stress. Some plants are sensitive to this type of EC increase, so dropping the solution strength assists with water and calcium uptake under these conditions. 54

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

don’t let them fry

Dealing with high temperatures

Controlling the effects of high temperatures in an indoor garden when the outside air is no help with cooling requires an integrated approach. Firstly growers need to know the optimal temperature range at which their plants perform best. Many species such as tomatoes, cucumbers, melons and peppers are warmer season plants and require higher temperatures than cooler season crops like lettuce and other salad greens. However, the exact ideal temperature of a plant is also dependent on other factors such as light level, stage of development, health, humidity and any other stresses (such as root problems) that could be present. Many warm season plants have an approximate ideal temperature range of 68 to 82°F and cooler season plants a range of 53 to 75°F, with humidity in the range 70 to 75%. If the incoming air is being superheated outside and is much higher than these optimum levels, the plants will often come under thermal stress.

d fogging Misting an to reduce ed us e can be es in som temperatur s. ce circumstan

“Evaporative cooling works by pulling air into a greenhouse or indoor garden through wet pads or even entire walls of running water.” Within an indoor garden there are a number of methods that can be used to cool the air and help the plants cope with temperature stress conditions. First, many indoor gardeners take advantage of having a small, insulated space and use A/C units to cool the incoming air as it enters. This approach works fine, so long as a sufficient flow of air in and out of the garden still occurs to keep the environment healthy. Another approach in areas where the outside air is not continuously humid is to use evaporative coolers. Evaporative cooling works by pulling air into a greenhouse or indoor garden through wet pads or even entire walls of running water (this is termed fan and pad cooling). Water evaporates as air is pulled through the wetted pads, removing energy from the air and lowering the temperature in the process. The cooled air is then circulated through and over the crop, cooling the growing environment until it is vented out the other side. For fan and pad cooling to work at maximum efficiency, it is important to keep the growing area as airtight as possible so that air being drawn in from outside is forced over the wet pads and does not come in through other openings where it won’t be cooled. Some smaller growers have made their own fan and pad system using capillary matting and similar materials; however, these pads can rot over time if they are used continuously (and therefore wet for most of the day). Commercially designed pads for evaporative cooling are manufactured from material that often incorporates wetting agents and other compounds to resist rot. Algaecides can also be used in the water circulating through evaporative pads to prevent the buildup of algae on surfaces, which lowers the efficiency of the cooling pad. 56

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Nutrient zone co chilling and roo ol t some pl ing can assist ants to o the adve vercome r high-air se effects of tempera ture

don’t let them fry While evaporative cooling can be useful to cool the air temperature, it can also be combined with another technique that focuses on the root zone when the heat outside is really sweltering. Root zone chilling with a hydroponic nutrient solution is a technique used by many commercial growers in warm or tropical climates, and most often with cool-season crops like butter head lettuce, herbs and other vegetables. Chilling the nutrient solution down to as low as 60 to 64°F allows the cool-season vegetables to crop well at ambient air temperatures that are often well above optimal for these crops (82 to 98°F). Without nutrient chilling, the root zone usually warms to the level of the air and this gives numerous growth problems, including slow growth, lack of heart formation, bolting, tip burn and low marketable yields. Other researchers have reported that nutrient chilling of lettuce also reduces the occurrence of the fungal root disease Pythium aphanidermatum. However, trials have also shown that root zone cooling must be applied soon after early crop establishment and maintained for the life of the crop for maximum effect.

“ Root zone chilling with a hydroponic nutrient solution is a technique used by many commercial growers in warm or tropical climates.”

s can on crop ing rm seas Even wa at stress. know for e suffer h um temperature tant. or im t p o e th nt is imp e of pla each typ

Another method of evaporative cooling is using misters or high-pressure fog systems, which are more suited to larger growing environments where uniform cooling of a wider area is required. Fog or mist systems use highpressure nozzles to form fine water droplets, which absorb heat from the environment as they vaporize. Fog contains droplets of 0.05 to 50 microns and mist, larger droplets of 50 to 100 microns. Fog is a better option for most situations because it tends to fully evaporate before any droplets can fall on the plants and wet the foliage surface. Wet plant surfaces encourage the development of many fungal and bacterial pathogens, and so should be avoided with any evaporative cooling system in use. That combined with the fact that humidity levels increase with evaporative cooling and plant transpiration is why (like with fan and pad systems) it is vital to have sufficient air ventilation and movement to circulate the cooled air and draw it out. 58

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

The first line of defense for any grower battling climatic extremes is to know the environment, both inside and out. While the indoor garden can seem insulated from the outside world, ambient temperatures will play a role in the requirement for cooling, while factors such as humidity often determine which methods of temperature control are best suited in each situation. Letting a crop cook and fry under extremes of heat is stressful for both grower and plants, so planning for that mid-summer heat is well worth the time and effort.

References Bucklin, R.A., Leary, J.D., McConnell, D.B., and Wilderson, E.G. (2002). Fan and Pad Greenhouse Evaporative Cooling Systems. University of Florida, IFAS Extension. Dodd, I.C., He, J., Turnbull, C.G.N., Lee, S.K., and Critchley, C. 2000. “The influence of supra-optimal root zone temperatures on growth and stomatal conductance in Capsicum annuum L.” Journal Of Experimental Botany, Volume 51 (343), 239-248. He, J., Lee, S.K., and Dodd, I.C. (2001). “Limitations to photosynthesis of lettuce growth under tropical conditions: alleviation by root zone cooling.” Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 52 (359), 1323-1330.

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

So, here’s the scene. It’s the early 1950s and we are in the greenhouse laboratories at Michigan State University’s Department of Horticulture. Enter Dr. H.B. Tukey, head of the department, and his colleague Dr. S.H. Wittwer. The lab is meticulously clean. The two men are yielding water misters containing solutions of the radioactive isotopes of known elemental nutrients, such as phosphorus and potassium. They carefully begin spraying the solutions onto the leaves and stems of some rather unsuspecting plants and then they pause. Breaking the silent anticipation, Dr. Tukey eventually steps forward. In his hand he holds a Geiger counter and he begins waving it slowly around the plants. The counter is making that static-like clicking noise that resembles fingernails tapping erratically on a counter top. A smile cautiously forms on his face as he realizes that the radioactive nutrients have been absorbed into the plants and are beginning to move around within. The men quickly start documenting their breakthrough, and history has been made.

“ the radioactive nutrients

have been absorbed into the plants and are beginning to move around within.”

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

the possibilities and realities of foliar feeding

When Dr. Tukey and his colleagues discovered that elemental plant nutrients could be absorbed through a different part of the plant, besides just the roots, they in turn sparked new testing, new practices and a new debate.”

Come see us in San Francisco at booths 329 & 331

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Okay, so this might not be exactly how these events took place—and spraying radioactive material with a hand-held mister is most likely not safe. However, this is where the widespread interest in foliar feeding began. When Dr. Tukey and his colleagues discovered that elemental plant nutrients could be absorbed through a different part of the plant, besides just the roots, they in turn sparked new testing, new practices and a new debate. Even now, 60 years later, the conversation continues on the effectiveness and benefits of foliar feeding. The main point of absorption for elemental plant nutrients is through a plant’s roots. But sometimes the nutrients can become locked up with other elements in the soil, rendering them unusable by the plants. There are many factors that can contribute to nutrients becoming immobile in the soil. If the fertilizer solution you use is imbalanced or if its pH is too high or too low, the nutrients might not be absorbed by the plant. Poorly managed soils, damaged root zones, excessive watering: all of these situations can lead to lowered rates of absorption of vital plant nutrients. When a nutrient doesn’t seem to be working effectively through soil applications, using the foliar feeding method is a possible solution.

The leaves, and sometimes even the stems, of many plants are equipped with tiny, pore-like apparatuses called stomata. The word stomata stems from the Greek word stoma, meaning mouth. And that is essentially how they work. Regulated by task-specific cells, appropriately referred to as guard cells, a plant’s stomata will open and close at certain parts of the day. Stomata are essential for two main reasons. The first is to allow oxygen and water vapor to leave the plant (transpiration), which in turn cools the plant down and allows for more water and nutrients to flow from the roots to the leaf cells (translocation). The other is to provide a point of entry for carbon dioxide from the air to come into the leave and make photosynthesis possible. Stomata can also act as a passage way for getting liquid plant nutrients into a plant. But, as is true with many aspects of life, timing is everything. The opening and closing of stomata is directly affected by certain environmental conditions. As far as I can tell this is not an exact science yet, but some basic principles seem to be regarded as true.

“The leaves, and sometimes even the stems, of many plants are equipped with tiny, pore-like apparatuses called stomata.”

Stomata are generally open during periods of high light intensity. A reason for this could be that the high level of light is causing a high level of photosynthesis, so the stomata are open to allow more carbon dioxide in. Stomata also open during times of high humidity, when water is plentiful and plants don’t need to worry about conserving. However, stomata remain closed when conditions are exceedingly hot (above 80°F) or very dry. In these conditions a plant will keep its stomata closed in order to conserve any available water. If you plan on foliar feeding in the hot summer months, it is recommended to feed in the morning or early evening, as the sun is out and the weather is still relatively cool. Still, understanding when the window of opportunity is for open stomata to occur is only one part of the picture. The next part is figuring out how to get the nutrients in.

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

the possibilities and realities of foliar feeding

On most plants

the stomata are on the underside of a leaf, but at times they reside on the top. So, just in case, spray both the tops and bottoms of the leaf until they are completely covered and excess solution runs off.”

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

not so similar

Successful foliar feeding is not as simple as just spraying the liquid on the leaves; it is a process that involves careful technique and a little bit of grace. The following is a small list of tips I’ve compiled to help you along the way: • Avoid foliar feeding when temperatures are above 80°F. In the summer it’s best to spray either in the morning or early evening, when temperatures are lower. • If possible, foliar feed when the weather is humid. • Check the pH of your nutrient solution before spraying. The ideal pH is right around 7.0, which is referred to as a neutral pH. • Mix your solution at a more diluted rate than you would for root feeding. If the directions call for 1 oz. of fertilizer per gallon of water for regular feeding, use 1 tsp. per gallon of water when foliar feeding. The smaller the particles are, the more likely they are to enter into the stomata. • When spraying the solution, use a sprayer that creates the finest mist possible. This will ensure a better and more even spread of the solution on the leaf. • Use a wetting agent or surfactant. Water has a high surface tension rate, which causes it to bead up when sprayed. Adding a wetting agent will lower the water’s surface tension, allowing it to thin and spread out. • On most plants the stomata are on the underside of a leaf, but at times they reside on the top. So, just in case, spray both the tops and bottoms of the leaf until they are completely covered and excess solution runs off.

the possibilities and realities of foliar feeding

Possibilities and realities

nutrients absorbed through the stomata do not travel throughout the plant as extensively as nutrients absorbed through the roots do.”

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

A trend that has been occurring in the liquid fertilizer industry for some time now is to market foliar feeding as a simple fix for what could be a major problem. Many companies include language like “maximizes plant health” or “increases yields” in their literature regarding foliar feeding. I remember reading an advertisement that said, in so many words, that foliar feeding is effectively the best way to battle bad soils. At that point I took a step back and thought to myself, “Is it really?” My feeling is that bad soils need to be carefully amended in order to obtain maximum plant growth. However, it is true that foliar feeding can achieve much higher nutrient absorption percentages than root feeding. But it is also true that nutrients absorbed through the stomata do not travel throughout the plant as extensively as nutrients absorbed through the roots do. Also, it is impossible to get significantly large amounts of nutrients through the stomata. Essential elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus are needed by plants in high quantities, levels that are only achievable through root entry. Minor elements, such as iron and

the possibilities and realities of foliar feeding

I’ve always

magnesium, are needed in smaller amounts that can be obtained through foliar feeding. In the case of iron, when your plant shows signs of iron deficiency, cut a leaf off the plant and dip half of it in the nutrient solution you plan on using. If, after a few hours, the symptoms begin to subside, go ahead and use the solution on the whole plant. Another element that can become immobile in the soil and can be of benefit in foliar feeding is calcium. Using calcium in a foliar treatment can help battle blossom end rot in tomatoes and peppers. So, foliar feeding can be effective as a way to supply a plant with micronutrients and as a shortterm solution to many different nutrient deficiencies.

However, if you are experiencing the same nutrient deficiencies on a consistent basis, foliar feeding might not be the answer. Foliar feeding is usually more of a temporary fix instead of a solution to a problem; a fix that can be labor intensive and, at times, can become rather expensive, especially when used on a large scale. I’ve always believed that healthy plants come from healthy soils. Properly amending the soil in your garden should be your first step. Perhaps get your soil tested to see what it is lacking or what there might be too much of. If minor nutrient issues arise along the way or if you just want to give your plants a little boost, foliar feeding (when done correctly) can be an effective addition to your gardening repertoire.

believed that healthy plants come from healthy soils. Properly amending the soil in your garden should be your first step.”

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

∫

Growing 101: Skills to Garden By

by by Russell Russ Landry Landry

Sometimes the best knowledge isn’t learned from books but from experience. Fortunately, this information is now in print…

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

As we usher in another bright summer season, it might be time to set in place a roadmap for growers. With that in mind, here is an extended list of what every grower, new and seasoned alike, should—but might not—know. Following these few very basic guidelines will eventually help us to grow bigger and better flowers, fruits or vegetables with ever-increasing yields. Veteran gardeners know that skills, effort and knowledge undoubtedly help to form a hearty, plump green thumb. Experienced growers also know these fundamental lessons aren’t learned in college or on a website. Rather, these are tiny tidbits of proficiency and information gathered together over several years of observing plants growing in Mothers Nature’s own backyard. In Growing 101, there is no soil test to analyze and no water test to review. There is no pH to monitor and no nutrients to add. There are only the plain and simple lessons every grower should know and hold close to them.

Lesson #1:

Spend more time than you would think working the garden

It could be said it many different ways: “Be a fertile and dedicated grower.” “Avoid in-season couch-potatoitis.” However, all the points are the same and everyone needs to learn the lesson as soon as possible! Unfortunately, we can’t turn to a website to get this lesson accomplished—reading teaches us how to grow by providing a knowledge base, but it won’t do the backbreaking work for us. No, it’s our plain, old-fashioned shovel and dirt-encrusted hands that produce amazing results.

“an extra hour spent weeding in early summer is often worth more in additional yields in September.” And it’s extremely important to spend lots of capital in the form of sweat equity. Sure, planting, growing and harvesting a garden is difficult, muscle taxing work… but an extra hour spent weeding in early summer is often worth more in additional yields in September. So, become enthusiastic and invest your skills and knowledge in the many laborious chores all season long. Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

growing 101 Here are three ways to impart this lesson into the patch: • Match your skill level with desire and availability. Each year, newer growers set lofty goals their skill set and commitment level cannot match. So, start smaller and strive to improve your skills and efforts with determination. Taking the time to build better soil or provide a healthier, stress-free growing environment has a better influence on your plants in the end. • You must earn it. If we want to grow something that thrives, we must work at it. Due diligence in the garden works wonders; our knowledge and skills will build with each passing day, but we must pay for this with the price of time and experiences.

“Taking the time to build better soil or provide a healthier, stress-free growing environment has a better influence on your plants in the end.” • Tend fewer plants in adequately sized areas. One of the biggest mistakes growers make is growing too many plants in an area that is too small. That means growers will spend more effort or more time doing chores on too many plants; thus, diluting care. Also, the plants will only be smaller, more unruly to control and more likely to become laden with disease. To avoid becoming “time poor,” consider these guidelines: ► Don’t become over exuberant. We shouldn’t plant anything unless we plan to devote the entire growing season to it. ► If we are doing something we don’t find that is plant productive, we’re swimming against the tide. Stop and rethink the process.

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

growing 101

Lesson #3:

Build a plant and seed portfolio

Growers need not enter the poorhouse chasing the latest and greatest seeds, but building a modest collection of plants allows for diversity. We should also know something about every seed we fling earthward; each holds its own story and each might need a special kind of care as it grows. Golfers call this local knowledge; gardeners call it understanding our conditions and what our plant’s specific requirements are.

Lesson #2:

We are our own best resource

These days, many people ask, “What can I do to become a better gardener?” The short and quick answer is become focused at what you do best. The key here is to become a fervent lifelong learner. There are two ways to apply this: • Read and study. It could be about seeds or soil or whatever you choose, but become interested and devoted to the many different aspects of this hobby by reading! The fact is that mental awareness can lay the foundation to a great physical garden. • Learn to love growing for the long haul. The most difficult garden problems tend to be multidisciplinary and they typically are not solved quickly. (Soil issues particularly can be difficult to grasp and slow to resolve.) It takes time to learn growing techniques. Growing teaches us to be patient, to organize our thoughts on paper and to think logically while recording everything we do for future reference. 76

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

“We should also know something about every seed we fling earthward; each holds its own story and each might need a special kind of care as it grows.”

growing 101

Lesson #4:

Become dedicated to the plant’s needs and its chores

Growers don’t come predisposed to be great growers. We have all kinds of psychological baggage that prevents us from propagating for the best yields. In short, we form premature conclusions while trying to resolve plant growth problems. Growers become overconfident in their own abilities and are prone to take inappropriate action in times of plant stress. In particular, growers will sometimes forget the past and become a “more-on.”

“Growers become overconfident in their own abilities and are prone to take inappropriate action in times of plant stress.” However, we need to ignore our urges to treat plants with over care, as adding more is often the wrong thing to do. Instead, we must identify, correct, learn and remember our mistakes so they are not repeated. In fact, we should guide our growing decisions by these two rules: • Be patient. Don’t spontaneously add any supplements either by foliar or soil. Nature tends to nurture plants along and so should a grower. Go light on the application while testing products and experimenting, and test and wait at least a few days before broadly applying questionable new products. This allows you to introduce new untested products in a safe manner. It also nullifies your emotional more-on impulses. • Be committed. We need to tend every seedling we plant until the end of season. This commitment will likely assist us in carefully considering and researching the myriad of growing problems we will encounter. Learn to read the leaves and what the plants require. Gaining valuable experience over the seasons pays dividends in growing better crops.

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

growing 101

Lesson #5:

Learn the lingo and master it

A common adage holds that it takes four hours a day, seven days a week, for 10 years to achieve mastery—assuming of course that you actually spend those hours wisely, get feedback and track your performance. Learning the language of gardening will help on this road to mastery. Not only will it assist you in understanding the gardening information you gather from books and the Web, but it will help you communicate with others. With the right language, it is possible to leave no stone unturned in searching for solutions to the problems you encounter.

Lesson #6: Network

Join in and don’t be timid. Networking and mentoring are great ways to analyze plant skills and help develop new connections. A great place to start looking for other growers is the Internet (i.e. message boards, chat rooms and blogs); but it doesn’t stop there! Join a club or contribute to the collective of growers in the area another way— plan to attend shows, groups, conventions, seminars and garden tours. The most important part is that we surround ourselves with those who are the best at what we want to become great at. As they say, it is hard to soar like an eagle when you hang with a bunch of turkeys. 80

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Lesson #7:

Invest wisely

Do not delude yourself into thinking that those expensive seeds will grow to magical “Jack and the Bean Stalk” proportions. When it comes to the garden, time and equipment are much more valuable than supplements and seeds. Resources are better spent on reliable equipment then chasing every newfangled thingy. In the end, this will save time, which in turn allows the grower to grasp hold of the finer details.

“When it comes to the garden, time and equipment are much more valuable than supplements and seeds.” One final piece of advice from a master grower who, after growing the world record pumpkin of 1,446 lb., commented, “There is no silver bullet in growing these things.” In a nutshell, there is simply no shortcut to growing the best garden possible. But follow these few rules and assuredly as the autumn’s chilly nights begin to arrive, you’ll be well down the garden path of a much deserved and hardearned bountiful harvest come fall.

YOU ARE WHAT

YOU EAT:THE

CORRELATION

OF PLANT NUTRITION ANDDISEASE BY DR. J. BENTON JONES, JR.

IS PLANT NUTRITION CORRELATED WITH DISEASE AND INSECT INFESTATIONS?

YOU BET IT IS!

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

You are what you eat Perhaps the best illustration of how plant nutrition and health are associated is with excess nitrogen (N) resulting in the production of succulent plant tissue that makes for easy invasion by insects and disease organisms. There exists in the environment some level of disease and insect forms awaiting those conditions that will favor their growth and reproduction. These conditions may be environmental, such as temperature and humidity, but in addition, there are certain plant conditions that will also serve to provide the host for their development. Succulent plants provide the ideal condition for invasion and reproductive growth. Anyone who has grown greenhouse tomatoes is well aware of the white fly, a pesky insect that is difficult to control. What is that part of the plant that the white fly thrives on? That would be the emerging leaf tissue, the most succulent part. The home tomato gardener also has the hornworm (Fig. 1) to worry about. Hornworms are not easily seen due to their green color, and in a few short hours do considerable damage, munching on newly emerging plant tissue. Then, there is powdery mildew—a common occurring fungus that affects a wide variety of plants, particularly cucumber when grown in the greenhouse. A grower found that as his cucumber plants began to set fruit, the mildew infestation would occur even though

Hornworms

are not easily seen due to their green color, and in a few short hours do considerable damage.”

Hydro innovations

BANKS

Proudly Presents...

Fig. 1 A hornworm attaches to a tomato leaf stem, almost completely camouflaging himself.

s m e t s y s r chille

• custom design by hydro innovations in collaboration with chillKing • up to 40% cost savings and shorter lead time than current models • up to 30% more efficient than high seer A/c systems • subtle, attractive, and low profile appearance • industry leading warranty and post-sale support • easy operation and installation

hydroinnovations.com “Let us design your garden’s cooling system today!”

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

512.321.7575

| support@hydroinnovations.com

you are what you eat

Succulent

plants provide the ideal condition for invasion and reproductive growth.” he took protective measures. It was also found that when the plants began to set fruit, the magnesium (Mg) concentration in the plant dropped. As he adjusted the nutrient solution formulation so as to increase the Mg plant level, it was found that the intensity of the infection was markedly reduced, and in addition, the applied preventative measures seemed to be more effective. More recently, the role silicon (Si) has in making plant tissue—primarily cell walls—more difficult for invasion by sucking insects and disease organism hyphae has been observed. It is now recommended that some form of soluble Si, either as silicic acid, or potassium or sodium silicate, be included in a nutrient solution formulation with the recommended Si concentration being at least 140 ppm. For plants grown in soil, or some types of soilless media, the inclusion of Si in an applied fertilizer solution is probably not needed. Both soil and soilless medium can be tested to assess Si availability. For those hydroponic growing systems in which an applied nutrient solution is recovered and recirculated, root disease occurrence is not uncommon. A recovered nutrient solution is an ideal “soup” for organisms to thrive in. Therefore, the recommendation is to filter the nutrient solution to remove the suspended organic matter, and then sterilize before recirculation. I am reminded of a time back when, for many months, a tomato grower was producing excellent yields of quality tomatoes with plants rooted in gravel in a series of selfdesigned and constructed individual flood-and-drain hydroponic growing units. Each unit was being supplied with nutrient solution from a central storage tank. With frequent replacement of the nutrient solution, there was little opportunity for any disease organism to multiply in the circulating nutrient solution. However, experimenting with a nutrient 86

Maximum Yield USA | June 2013

you are what you eat

Maintaining

air movement up through the plant canopy ... keeps the foliage dry and makes it difficult for insects to fly into the canopy.”

flow technique (NFT) system, the grower found that he could use the same nutrient solution for a longer period of time, which turned out to be a fatal mistake. Pythium, a common root disease organism, invaded the nutrient solution and delivery system and in less than 10 days wiped out his entire tomato crop in both hydroponic growing systems. Unable to sterilize the entire growing system, which included the gravel beds, he lost his entire business. Filtering and sterilizing the nutrient solution would have prevented this failure. Also, I had recommended the inclusion of milled composted pinebark as a component in the gravel bed since pinebark has been found to prevent the growth of pythium. Unfortunately, the grower was unable to cover from this loss and start again. There are also important mechanical procedures that will minimize the potential for insect and disease infestations, such as maintaining air movement up through the plant canopy that keeps the foliage dry and makes it difficult for insects to fly into the canopy. Air movement over plant leaves

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

sustains natural transpiration that is the mechanism for supporting the upward movement of the transpiration stream that carries nutrient elements up into the plant, thereby maintaining nutrient element sufficiency. In addition, keeping the relative humidity of the air surrounding the plant at less than 50% is desirable since most organisms require atmospheric moisture to survive and reproduce. Proper sanitation practices, such as keeping the plant area clean and free from plant debris that can be a harbor for disease organisms, are equally essential. Since disease organisms and insects are both opportunistic and take advantage of those conditions that suit their development, they can be kept under control by using a combination of preventative measures that includes maintaining plants in a nutrient-element sufficient state. As you can see from the examples above, there are many ways plant nutrition correlates with disease and infestations. The key is understanding why your plant’s are in trouble and resolve their issues before it’s too late.

g n i g a R

Hormones

by Eric Hopper Plant hormones are quite different from those found in animals, but they do have at least one thing in common: they play an intricate role in virtually all aspects of biological function.

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; July 2013

Raging hormones

Phytohormones (A.K.A. plant hormones) are specific chemicals that regulate the growth processes of plants. Hormones produced by plants are different from the hormones found within the bodies of animals, however. Animals have a central nervous system that provides internal coordination of all physiological activities. Plants lack this central nervous system, as well as a hormone transport system efficient as the circulatory system found within animals. This efficient transport system is what allows for an animal’s greater complexity in hormones (most animal hormones are very specific in both action and location). Although still very complex, plant hormones tend to have multiple functions and their receptors are spread widely throughout the plant. Like the hormones found in animals, plant hormones “hormones affect a wide variety play intricate roles in of plant processes, including the virtually all aspects of biological function. formation of stems, leaves and Based on their molecuroots, as well as the initiation and lar structure, plant hormones are broken development of fruits and flowers.” down into five major classes. These hormones affect a wide variety of plant processes, including the formation of stems, leaves and roots, as well as the initiation and development of fruits and flowers. Understanding how each group of hormones affects plant growth allows horticulturists to manipulate their plants for a desired purpose. The five major classes of hormones are auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene and abscisic acid.

Auxins

Auxins are the plant hormones associated mainly with physical structure. These hormones stimulate upward growth, suppress side branching and stimulate root growth. As the plant grows larger and the growth rate slows down, auxins affect the reduction in apical dominance (the plant having one dominate stem), which gives the plant a more rounded, uniform canopy. Auxins are also the plant hormones associated with tropism (moving toward the light); it is the concentration of auxins on the shaded side of the stem that stimulates cell elongation, which then turns the stem toward the sun. Auxins are transported cell to cell through a complex and organized process known as polar auxin transport. It is this intricate transporting of plant hormones that allows plants to react to external conditions without requiring a central nervous system. 92

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

raging hormones

“If the ratio has more auxins than cytokinins, root formation will be stimulated. If there are more cytokinins than auxins, the growth of shoot buds will be stimulated.”

Auxins play a large role in horticulture as growth and root stimulators. For the indoor horticulturist, auxins are most commonly found in rooting concentrates. Rooting gels or solutions designed for propagation usually contain at least one, if not multiple, auxins. These particular auxins help initiate root growth and aid in root establishment. Some of the new, innovative products that utilize auxins are focused on increasing vegetative growth and manipulating the structural integrity during the fruiting and flowering stage.

Cytokinins

Cytokinins are the plant hormones associated with cellular division. These hormones are also associated with embryo development, seed germination and flower development (mainly the promotion of auxiliary bud sites). Cytokinins have also been shown to have some influence on apical dominance, the most fascinating of which is cytokinins’ effect on delaying leaf senescence (aging). It is believed that cytokinins can slow down the aging process of plants by inhibiting protein breakdown and aiding in the acquisition of nutrients from nearby tissue. Cytokinins and auxins act in concert with each other. In other words, the ratio of cytokinins to auxins directly affects the way each hormone influences plant growth. If the ratio has more auxins than cytokinins, root formation will be stimulated. If there are more cytokinins than auxins, the growth of shoot buds will be stimulated. On a related note, cytokinins are popular in modern horticulture as growth and flower stimulators due to their 94

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

raging hormones stimulation of cell division. Products containing cytokinins have been shown to increase yields on a variety of crops even in adverse conditions. Foliar applications of cytokinins during the early weeks of the flowering stage will increase fruit or flower sites, which leads to higher yields for most indoor horticulturists. Recently, some cytokinins have been shown to increase a plant’s pathogenic resistance. This discovery could lead to hormone treatments that would make monoculture crops equally or more resistant to pathogens than the GMO plants designed for that purpose.

Gibberellins

Gibberellins are the plant hormones connected with developmental processes, including germination, dormancy, establishing sex, flowering and leaf and fruit senescence. Gibberellins are specifically involved in breaking dormancy and multiple aspects of germination. It is believed that gibberellins trigger the synthesis of specific enzymes responsible for the breakdown of the stored starch into usable glucose, such as those that break down stored starches in the endosperm when the seed is exposed

“In some cases, horticulturists will use a hormone antagonist instead of the hormone itself.” to moisture (the resulting glucose can then be used to produce energy for the seed embryo). Due to their crucial role in germination, gibberellins could be viewed as the plant hormones responsible for the initiation of plant life.

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

raging hormones Gibberellins have been used in horticulture to stimulate flowering, alter sex and initiate germination. Since many hormones fit in the classification of gibberellins, their use in horticulture is widespread. In some cases, horticulturists will use a hormone antagonist instead of the hormone itself. Paclobutrazol is a well-known antagonist to gibberellins and is commonly used on ornamental plants. (A helpful hint, paclobutrazol should never be used on any consumable plants.) Paclobutrazol inhibits gibberellins, causing the plant growth to slow and induce early flower onset.

Ethylene

Ethylene is the plant hormone related to stimulating and regulating the ripening process. Aside from ripening, ethylene has also been shown to be influential on the opening of flowers and the shedding of leaves. In some plants (such as chrysanthemums), however, ethylene causes a delayed flowering response. Ethylene is produced in practically every part of the plant, including the leaves, stems, roots, fruits or flowers, tubers and seedlings. The production of ethylene is regulated by environmental and developmental factors. Environmental stresses— including flooding, drought, frost or pathogenic attack—can stimulate ethylene production. It has

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

raging hormones also been shown that certain chemicals, including auxins, can induce or inhibit ethylene production. Ethylene has been used in horticulture since the ancient Egyptians deliberately damaged their figs in order to stimulate ripening. Presently, catalytic generators create ethylene gas in commercial chambers designed to ripen fruits and vegetables. Chrysanthemum growers, conversely, will deliberately raise the ethylene concentration in their greenhouses to slow the flowering process when necessary.

Abscisic acid

“Abscisic acid is the plant hormone most associated with stresses.”

Abscisic acid is the plant hormone most associated with stresses. This hormone is synthesized by plants in response to environmental stresses and has influence in many of the plant’s developmental processes. In times of decreased soil moisture the abscisic acid produced by the roots translocates to the leaves, where it rapidly causes the stomata to close. This reduces further loss of moisture through transpiration and protects the plant from suffering additional damage. Abscisic acid is also the hormone responsible for initiating seed dormancy in harsh conditions. For perennial plants, abscisic acid plays a vital role in bud dormancy during the winter months; abscisic acid produced by the plant slows down plant growth and helps form a protective barrier around the dormant buds as the cold season approaches.

100

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

The most common use of this hormone in indoor horticulture is in anti-wilting solutions. During the propagation process, growers can spray their cuttings or seedlings with a solution containing abscisic acid, which will close the leaves’ stomata. This will allow the cuttings or seedlings to withstand lower humidity conditions without wilting due to moisture loss.

Plant hormones play crucial roles in virtually every aspect of plant physiology. The plant hormone-based products currently available have proven their effectiveness and their importance in the indoor gardening industry. Horticulturists trying to increase their propagation success, stimulate rapid growth, accelerate cellular division and reap bountiful yields are utilizing or stimulating plant hormones within their gardens. The emergence of new, innovative hormonal-based products will define the future of plant hormones in horticulture. As we discover more about the plant functions that are initiated by hormones (or their antagonists), we get that much closer to developing the ultimate hormonal treatments for optimizing all stages of growth.

a l l o HOllas by Grubbycup

for

Spanish for “pot,” ollas have been used for thousands of years in many places around the world as a simple, yet incredibly effective irrigation method. In recent years they are being rediscovered by folks who want to conserve water, extend time between waterings and make the most out of the rainwater they collect.

102

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

holla for ollas

Shallow-rooted

plants benefit best from shallow ollas and deeper-rooted plants prefer deeper ollas.”

For seven years Forever Flowering Greenhouses has been THE SOURCE for greenhouses materials, BREATHABLE blackout fabrics and all your Light Deprivation needs. FFG, blazing the trail! Here we grow again!

foreverflowering.net 888.784.4687

104

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

The concept behind the olla is simple: it’s an unglazed clay jug or pot buried in the soil and filled with water. Ollas are an ingenious method of irrigation that slowly releases water through the container wall to a plant’s roots via osmosis. They also cool the water by the thermal reaction of evaporation. Note that evaporation is reduced since the opening to add more water is often small in comparison to the size of the container, and being buried affords some insulation from the heat. A cover or lid will also slow evaporation and keeps insects from laying eggs in the water. More water is added to the container as needed. The depth of the pot (and therefore the length the passage needed to be refilled) is dependent on the depth of the root system of the plant being grown. Shallow-rooted plants benefit best from shallow ollas and deeper-rooted plants prefer deeper ollas. Since most of the water is expressed at the root level and not on the surface, the top is allowed to remain drier than in other watering methods, which inhibits weed growth, and a higher percentage of the water used is distributed to the plant roots without loss from runoff.

holla for ollas Liquid nutrients can be added to the water in the pots to form a small nutrient solution reservoir. Mix nutrient solutions at half or one-quarter strength, as runoff is almost non-existent and water efficiency is very high. One very nice thing about this method is that if the soil surrounding the pot is dry, it will absorb moisture from the surface of the pot, drawing more water from the interior of the pot. If the soil is moist, then this wicking action does not occur, and the water stays in the pot. Since the pot creates a layer of moist soil around

itself, roots are encouraged to spread and surround the pot. (Keep in mind that while most vegetables and garden herbs have soft roots that usually do little damage to the pot, woody plants like trees will often break the pots in order to get to the water within.) While the olla method is especially popular in dry areas, it can be used in other climates as well with minor adjustments. I live in a pretty nice climate, and I have been using ollas in addition to my normal watering. I have found it extends the period of time between waterings, and it also

Strawberry pot watered with a homemade olla, fashioned from a tall flowerpot with a saucer glued to the bottom to plug the drain hole.

Liquid nutrients can be added to the water in the olla to form a small nutrient solution reservoir. Mix nutrient solutions at half or one-quarter strength, as runoff is almost nonexistent and water efficiency is very high.

106

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; July 2013

holla for ollas

Clay flowerpots can have their drain holes sealed shut and saucers can be used as lids, or a saucer can be glued to the top of the flower pot and the drain hole can be used to fill with water when buried upside down.

Ollas

helps the plants wilt less during particularly hot periods of summer heat. So, systems that maximize rainwater use can collect the rain and divert it into the ollas, storing it for use as the soil dries out. In locations where temperatures get below freezing, the pots should be dug up and stored dry over winter. In humid areas, care should be taken to not allow

don’t need to be pretty, just watertight.”

108

Maximum Yield USA | June 2013

An olla needs to be watertight, but also unglazed so it is porous enough for water to seep through it.

the water in the pots to go stagnant; this can be done by occasionally overfilling the olla with fresh water to freshen the pots. There are clay pots made specifically as ollas that have a wide bottom, narrower neck and sometimes a lid. The bottom portion is buried, and the top is used to refill the water. A stick can be used to measure the water level, and various sizes are available. Get them locally if you can, as shipping can be expensive (they are clay pots after all). Another option is to simply use an unglazed, low-fired clay jug of reasonable thickness (the same stuff as regular cheap

terracotta pots) obtained from wherever you can find one. Finding a potter practising making jugs would be ideal source, as ollas don’t need to be pretty, just watertight. Garden and pottery shops sometimes have jugs that can be used without modification. Obviously the jug shouldn’t be too fragile, and it has to be unglazed so it is porous enough for the water to seep through it. And as a final option, one can improvise. Clay flowerpots can have their drain holes sealed shut and saucers can be used as lids (a little elbow grease and sandpaper can flatten edges for a better fit). A saucer can be glued to the top of the flower pot, turned upside down and the drain hole can be used to fill with water when buried. Two flowerpots can be glued lip to lip, and the hole in one plugged. There are many alternatives, but the end goal is the same: to have a clay container that will hold the water. In dry areas, the exposed portion of the olla can be painted or glazed to reduce the amount lost through evaporation. (An interesting note, gourds have been used in a similar fashion; however, clay terra cotta remains the preferred material to use.) This summer, I am trying an experimental container design. I took a strawberry pot, and inside placed a long tall flowerpot with a saucer glued to the bottom to plug the drain hole. A second saucer served as the lid. The remaining

holla for ollas

Ollas are

especially well-suited for vegetables planted in hills such as melons and squashes.”

Take THe 21 Day

CHallenGe! 21 days with Harvest Master

21 days without Harvest Master

The choice is clear. Harvest Master Climate and CO2 controllers are the #1 choice for growers wanting the VeRY BeST. Big crops, great yields... no HaSSleS. Harvest-Master. Going Strong Worldwide Since 2003.

The best prices. The premium product. The best 24/7 service.

Guaranteed.

Harvest-Master

www.harvest-master.com

110

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

space in the pot was filled with a premium potting soil and vegetable seeds were planted in the strawberry cups. The soil appears to be kept at a very nice moisture level, and so far the seeds have done well. My concern is that the olla takes up a fair amount of space, and I’m not sure there is enough left for the roots not to become root bound. For those not so inclined to hand water such a primitive device, a drip-type system can be used with lines run to the ollas, allowing for them to be refilled on a timer. For those so inclined, if the ollas are sealed and connected to an automated system, the entire pot can be buried (although I admit, I prefer to be able to see the tops so I don’t need a treasure map to remember where I put them). Depending on the olla used, the area of moist soil surrounding it may range from a few inches to about a half foot or so. As a rule of thumb, the moisture will travel about the radius of the olla (about half the width of the pot) into the surrounding soil. Hand watering sprouts and young plants

may be needed until the root systems are established enough to reach the olla. Ollas can be used in the ground in raised beds or in containers. Ollas are especially well-suited for vegetables planted in hills such as melons and squashes. Although the trend for many years was for older ollas to be replaced by newer and fancier irrigation systems, in recent years they are being rediscovered by folks who want to conserve water, extend time between waterings and make the most out of the rainwater they collect. An olla has no batteries, no wires and no plastic parts. It is made from cheap materials and when properly used can still beat much more advanced and costly irrigation systems in water efficiency. By either watering with ollas alone, or as part of a more conventional watering program, water can be saved, and plants can have some defence against wilting, which can be a big problem in some climates. Do you have experience using ollas? Email editor@maximumyield.com and let us know what you think.

Avant Gardening

r e d i s Con a Mister by Jeff Davison

No growing system is safe from the occasional hiccup, but there could be one less problem to worry about using this new technologyâ&#x20AC;Ś 112

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; July 2013

There are numerous systems for growing plants. Traditional plant growing systems that rely on soil or similar mediums are classified as geoponics. However, as is well known, soil is not actually required to grow plants. For example, hydroponic systems eliminate the soil and simply use water containing essential nutrients as the growth media. Hydroponic systems can be more efficient than geoponic, as plants find it easier to take in nutrients from water than from soil and because growth can be controlled by the nutrients made available to the plants. A lesser-known system, aeroponic, goes a step further by growing plants in an air and mist environment. In aeroponic systems, hanging plant roots are bathed in a nutrient-rich mist. The gardeners not

The gardeners

Tomato clones after five days of using an air-driven mister.

A six air-driven mister system with an 18-W commercial air pump. pump.

only have complete control of nutrient intake but the hanging roots can grow more easily and can absorb the nutrients and oxygen. There is also a reduced chance of root zone disease since there is no material for debris or pathogens to reside on. There are numerous aeroponics systems on the market today. Many are intricate and contain many components parts. Some of the products have problems that gardeners have been trying to correct. One problem in some aeroponic and hydroponics systems is clogging of the nozzles. It is effective for growers to recirculate nutrient rich water. As the water moves through the system it picks up debris and bits of medium, thus clogging of the nozzles. Clogging of the nozzles creates a danger to the plants that you are working with. Clogged for even a short time, the plant will wilt or even die. Because of this danger, the gardener has to check and perhaps change the nozzles often. The containers need to be frequently cleaned to maintain a healthy root environment. It is with great excitement that one of the problems, that of debris clogging the tiny nozzles, could be solved and the aeroponics system simplified. One more problem that we face in the aeroponics and hydroponics industries aside from clogging nozzles is water pumps heating up the container water. This causes root zone disease and many times death to the plants. The present invention overcomes some of the deficiency of aeroponic and hydroponic recycling systems. The invention is an aeroponics recycling system for recycling nutrient rich water as a very fine mist onto the roots of the plant. The mister includes a mixing chamber for allowing the nutrient-rich water to mix with the oxygen. The mixing chamber having an upper constriction that forms an upper venturi section. Venturi is a section for measuring flow rate

not only have complete control of nutrient intake but the hanging roots can grow more easily and can absorb the nutrients and oxygen”

or exerting suction. The pumped air and its interaction with the constrictions induce venturi effects that mix the nutrient-rich water and air to produce a mist. The venturi has a pulse action in the lower constriction that pushes the debris away from the intake hole and puts air into your container water. The mister constantly circulates your container water. There are many ways to incorporate this new mister into your existing system for cloning or growing, simply ask an expert at your local hydro shop for more information or instruction if you need assistance or have questions on how to start. A 60-site cloning container would require a recommended six misters. You can easily attach them to the bottom of your container with a mounting disk that is supplied with the mister. This will also work the same in a bucket system as well. The mister base also fits a half-inch grommet so that you can attach it through the bottom of water tables and trays. For a six-mister system you will need an 18-W commercial air pump. A 35-W commercial air pump is capable of running 12 misters efficiently. By eliminating the water pump and manifold to house your nozzles, you will make it easier to maintain your aeroponic system. Using an air pump alone simplifies your aeroponics system, thereby making your gardening experience more enjoyable. Jeff Davison is a hobby gardener and a family man who has worked as a heavy equipment operator for most of his life. He enjoys tinkering with things alongside his father, which has led to the two of them coming up with inventive ideas and sometimes, a better way of doing things. “By sharing our ideas and working together, we have gotten a lot of rewards,” he says. Maximum Yield USA | June 2013

113

Getting Enough of the Right Stuff:

Calcium & Magnesium Calcium and magnesium are the building blocks of plants, but they need to come in specific forms and amounts in order to do any good. by Jennifer Casey

114

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; July June2013 2013

Getting enough of the right stuff

Like humans and other animals, plants (particularly young plants) require the appropriate amounts of calcium and magnesium in order to grow and thrive. Calcium is important to the cellular structure of your plants. It is also a messenger that controls nutrient uptake, and it acts as a catalyst and activator for

“Deficiencies in calcium and magnesium can lead to problems like yellowing of leaves between veins, leaving a marbled appearance.” enzyme activity. Magnesium is the central molecule of chlorophyll and is integral to photosynthesis. Deficiencies in calcium and magnesium can lead to problems like yellowing of leaves between veins, leaving a marbled appearance. They can also lead to stunted plants and fruit, blossom end rot in tomatoes, bitter fruit in apples and tip burn in cabbage and Brussels sprouts. So, care should be taken to ensure that your plants are getting the right amount of calcium and magnesium they need to thrive, but also that they are getting these minerals in the form they need. If present, unusable forms of these elements can interfere with the absorption of nutrients. Calcium might be the fifth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, but unlike other elements like

116

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Getting enough of the right stuff gold or silver, it isn’t found in its elemental form in the environment because it easily bonds to other elements and compounds like oxygen and water. One of the most common compounds formed is calcium carbonate, which combines calcium with two of the other most abundant elements on earth— carbon and oxygen. Calcium carbonate is the form of calcium found in most water. Small amounts give water a crisp, clean taste. Unfortunately, calcium carbonate is not always the most viable source of calcium for plants—instead, most nutrient companies use one or a combination of the following: calcium nitrate, calcium chloride, calcium gluconate, calcium acetate, magnesium nitrate and magnesium carbonate, amongst others. Each of these forms of calcium and “Calcium carbonate is magnesium the form of calcium have differfound in most water.” ent absorption properties, and some of the better chelated forms can be absorbed by diffusion of water through the cell membrane, enabling the fastest and most thorough absorption. It is a common misconception that water, especially hard water, provides ample mineral content for plants and humans. After all, water hardness refers to high mineral content. (Those minerals can include many different compounds, but are primarily composed of calcium and magnesium.) Seems convenient, right? So, what’s the problem?

118

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Getting enough of the right stuff The problem is threefold: size, form and quantity. Calcium and magnesium enter our water through underground deposits that leach into aquifers. This leaching is purely physical—basically, tiny little pieces of calcium and magnesium are sloughing off into the water and the force of the water’s motion is breaking some of it into smaller pieces. However, if calcium and magnesium particles are too big, they can’t be absorbed through root hairs, and often don’t enter the plant at all. In that case, the plant isn’t getting the nutrients it needs because the minerals are the wrong size—and the minerals can even bind up on root hairs, preventing the absorption of other nutrients. The best way to get rid of unusable calcium and magnesium is by using reverse osmosis filtration (RO).

“if calcium and magnesium particles are too big, they can’t be absorbed through root hairs.” This system will remove 96 to 99% of the contaminants in your water, including—but not limited to— unusable calcium and magnesium. Water softeners are an excellent way to get unwanted minerals out of your home’s water supply. Unfortunately, however, softeners exchange calcium carbonate for sodium or potassium chloride, which aren’t any better for your plants than the unusable minerals!

120

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

The good news is softeners work wonderfully as a pre-filter for your RO systems. Reverse osmosis removes the potassium or sodium chloride the softener leaves behind, and using the softened water in your RO system will extend the life of your RO mem“It is important, however, to branes. Using replace that unusable calcium RO to and magnesium with a form remove unusable more readily absorbed.” calcium and magnesium and other contaminants is standard practice for most indoor gardeners. This pure water helps stabilize pH levels and ensures a healthy plant by removing toxic contaminates, as well as preventing nutrient lock-out from those unusable calcium and magnesium particles. It is important, however, to replace that unusable calcium and magnesium with a form more readily absorbed (your RO water will have no mineral content). When purchasing a calcium-magnesium product, look for a higher Ca:Mg ratio above 3:1 and chose a buffered form of calcium, like calcium carbonate, to reduce pH fluctuations. When feeding later in the flowering cycle, use a calciummagnesium product that has a low nitrogen concentration. Ensuring you have the proper calcium and magnesium levels in your water, and therefore your plants, will help lead to a successful and healthy crop.

beginner’s corner

Growing

Peace Lilies

as Houseplants by Heather Rhoades

When it comes to indoor plants, peace lily plants are some of the easiest to care for. But, while their care is easy, proper growing conditions are still important…

“Peace lilies that are placed in more light tend to produce more lovely white spathes and flowers.” 122

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Peace lilies (Spathiphyllum) make excellent houseplants for the home or office. These lovely plants not only brighten up a living space, but are also excellent at cleaning the air of the room they are in. Most commonly, these plants have dark green leaves and white “flowers.” But, what most people think of as the flower is actually a specialized leaf bract that grows hooded over the flowers. Like many popular indoor plants, peace lilies enjoy medium to low light. Which kind of light you need to provide will depend more on what you want your peace lily plant to look like. Peace lilies that are placed in more light tend to produce more lovely white spathes and flowers, while peace lilies in low light will bloom less and will look more like a traditional foliage plant.

Peace Lily Plant Care

One of the most common mistakes in the care of peace lilies is overwatering. Peace lilies are far more tolerant of under watering than overwatering, which is one of the most common reasons for a peace lily to die. Because of this, you should never water peace lily plants on a schedule. Rather, you should check them once a week to see if they need to be watered. Simply touch the top of the soil to see if it is dry. If it is, water your peace lily. If the soil is still damp, the plant

“Signs that a peace lily plant has outgrown its container include drooping less than a week after being watered and crowded, deformed leaf growth.” does not need to be watered. Some people will go so far as to wait until their peace lily is starting to droop before watering their plant. As these plants are very drought tolerant, this method does not harm the plant and will prevent overwatering. Peace lilies do not need frequent fertilizing. Fertilizing with a balanced fertilizer one to two times per year will be enough to keep the plant happy. Peace lilies also benefit from repotting or dividing when they outgrow their containers. Signs that a peace lily plant has outgrown its container include drooping less than a week after being watered and crowded, deformed leaf growth. If you are repotting, move the plant into a pot that is at least 2 in. larger than its current pot. If you are dividing, use a sharp knife to cut through the center of the root ball and replant each half in its own container. Since the wide leaves on peace lilies tend to be a dust magnet, you should either wash or wipe down the leaves at least once a year. This will help it process sunlight better. Washing the plant can be done by either setting it in the bath and giving it a short shower or by placing it in a sink and letting the tap run over the leaves. Alternatively, the leaves of your peace lily plant can also be wiped down with a damp cloth. Avoid using “leaf shine” products, however, as these can clog the pores of the plant and harm it. Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

123

growing for health

by Guy Sela

How to

Balance Nutrient Solutions: Part I A good nutrient solution is key to great growing, but what exactly is a balanced solution and how do you make one? Read on to find out…

Before we learn how to balance a nutrient solution, we must first understand what a balanced nutrient solution even means.

Absorption of mineral nutrients by plants Plants absorb mineral nutrients from aqueous solutions, whether it is a hydroponic nutrient solution or a soil solution. Mineral nutrients are present in the nutrient solution as dissolved ions, which means they carry an electric charge. Some mineral nutrients carry a positive charge (cations) and some carry a negative charge (anions). There are specific ionic forms in which the plant can absorb nutrients. For example, nitrogen can be absorbed either as NO3- or as NH4+.

The cation-anion balance Many refer to “balance” as the cation-anion balance. Is this the balance we are looking for in the nutrient solution? In order to be able to calculate the cation-anion balance, we need to be able to measure the number of charges. To do so, a unique unit that integrates both the molecular weight of the ion and its charge must be used. This unit is the equivalent. The 124

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

equivalent is calculated simply by multiplying the number of molecules of each ion (measured in moles) by the charge it carries. For example, how many equivalents are in 80 grams of calcium (Ca+2)? The molecular weight of calcium is 40 grams/mole (1 mole = 6 X 1023 molecules). Therefore, 80 grams of calcium are two moles. Calcium carries a positive charge of +2. Using the above definition of equivalent, we get 80 grams of Ca+2 = 2 X 2=4 equivalents. In the same way, 248 grams of NO3- are also four equivalents. This means that 80 grams of calcium carry the same amount of charges as 248 grams of NO3- does. The cation-anion balance is calculated by comparing the number of equivalents of cations with the number of equivalents of anions.

Checking the cation-anion balance of a water analysis Consider the water analysis in table one on the following page. If we calculate the total anions and total cations in units of ppm, we get 311.69 ppm anions and 118.21 ppm cations.

However, when we convert each anion and cation to milliequivalents per liter and make the balance, the result is 5.99 meq/l anions and 5.94 meq/l cations (1 meq= 1/1000 of an equivalent). See table two. This is very close to a complete balance! The difference is within the range of an acceptable measuring error. Was this result achieved by chance? Actually, it was not. According to the law of electroneutrality, the total charge of an aqueous solution must be zero: ∑ negatively charged ions = ∑ positively charged ions This is a law of nature. It brings us to conclusion number one: Water is always balanced with respect to cation-anion balance. Can the cation-anion balance be affected by fertilizers? To find an answer to this question, let's first look at the composition of one fertilizer. We will use calcium nitrate as an example. See table three.

“Being a salt, any fertilizer will always contain the same amounts of cations and anions.”

Table 1 Anion

Concentration (ppm)

Cation

Concentration (ppm)

N-NO3-

1.5

N-NH4+

7.3

81.48

9.62

SO4

192.71

HCO3-

“According to the law of electroneutrality, the total charge of an aqueous solution must be zero.” We can see that the fertilizer is balanced with respect to cation-anion balance. A surprise? No. Being a salt, any fertilizer will always contain the same amounts of cations and anions, measured in equivalents (sum of electrical charges is zero). So when we dissolve fertilizers to water, no matter which fertilizers and in which amounts, the resulted nutrient solution will always be balanced, with respect to cation-anion balance! If that’s the case, why should we calculate this balance? We do so in order to validate the water analysis/nutrient solution test results. An error of more than 5% in the cation-anion balance might imply that the analysis is not accurate. However, if the laboratory did not test for one of the major cations or anions, then a correct balance cannot be calculated.

What about the soil solution? All of the above conclusions are valid for the soil solution as well. We will continue our discussion of how to balance soil nutrients in future issues of Maximum Yield magazine. Stay tuned!

Total

311.69

+ +2

47.55

Mg+2

11.22

Na+

42.52

Total

118.21

Cation

Concentration (meq/l)

Table 2 Anion

Concentration (meq/l)

N-NO

0.11

N-NH

0.52

SO42-

1.7

K+

.25

Cl-

1.02

Ca+2

2.38

3.16

0.94

Na+

1.85

Total

5.94

HCO

5.99

Total

Table 3 Composition

Percentage

in 100 grams

in meq/l

N-NO3

14.4%

14.4

1.03

N-NH4+

1.1%

1.1

0.08

Ca+2

19%

0.95

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

125

CHANGING DIRT INTO

: SOIL by Michael Martin Meléndrez

UNDERSTANDING PLANT NUTRITION AND THE BIO-GEO-CHEMICAL PROCESSES OF SOIL The definition of a healthy soil has been illusive, as we are only now discovering the most essential parts of the bio-geo-chemical partners that need to be in place to achieve optimum plant nutrition and a healthy, productive soil. This article by Michael Martin Meléndrez will attempt to introduce readers to some of this new soil science.

126

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

changing dirt into soil

Part 1 The Carbon Connection It’s a popular notion that humankind is contributing excessive amounts of carbon into the atmosphere in the form of greenhouse gases, theoretically resulting in the eminent situation called global warming. Many ideas for solving this problem have been proposed, including finding permanent places to store sequestered atmospheric carbon. Regardless of who’s right or wrong concerning the validity of global warming, I propose that accumulating carbon into our soil is a good idea. If done properly with the right kind of carbon molecular chemistry, it can provide many benefits, including improving the health and productivity of soil along with the long-term storage of carbon. It’s easy for most of us to appreciate that the more carbon a soil accumulates, the darker the soil becomes,

“ until recently, molecular evidence of what these durable recalcitrant carbons were was poorly understood.” achieving what we may call a top soil. The definition of a healthy soil has been illusive as we are only now discovering the most essential parts of the bio-geochemical partners that must be in place in order to achieve optimum plant nutrition and a healthy and productive soil. This article attempts to introduce readers to some of this new soil science. While we’ve already suggested that sequestering atmospheric carbon into soil sounds like a good idea, it’s important to understand that not all carbon substances such as compost, manure, peat moss or humates are equal in what they can contribute to a soil. If the carbon substance decomposes easily, such as compost, the carbon will not persist for long, making it difficult to see a significant long-term banking of carbon. This type of carbon is called labile carbon, a temporary source of soil organic matter. The more significant long-lasting carbon substances of soil that change the color of soil, provide bio-chemical

128

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

changing dirt into soil shuttles and participate in microbial respiration via electron donor and receptor systems, etc., are called recalcitrant carbons (see Fig. 4, pg. 138). It’s this source of carbon compounds that are powerful biologic chemicals, creating, changing and providing many of the best characteristics of a healthy top soil. However, until recently, molecular evidence of what these durable recalcitrant carbons were was poorly understood. Researchers have been on the case for many years, revealing many secrets on this subject that are too complicated to cover here, but useful in helping us better understand soils.

“ I’m of the opinion that since the carbon content of compost is not recalcitrant, it cannot easily contribute to the formation of a top soil.”

The Compost Myth Is adding organic matter such as compost or peat moss the best way to accumulate these durable carbon molecules, building top soil? I heard recently a university Ph.D. horticulture specialist say that you cannot add too much compost to a soil and that compost was the key to building and preparing a soil. In fact, he published this statement on his employer’s letterhead, where he recommends adding as much as 6 cu. yd. of compost to an area of 1,000 sq. ft. while preparing the site for landscaping. While compost is an important tool in the tool box, useful in managing the biology of soil and providing nutrition to plants, it’s important to understand how and when to use that particular tool from your tool box. I’m of the opinion that since the carbon content of compost is not recalcitrant, it cannot easily contribute to the formation of a top soil. Other issues that must be understood and appreciated about compost is the nutrient value of the product, as compost is truly a fertilizer providing measurable percentages of N-P-K major nutrients along with many minor nutrients. Like with a bag of fertilizer, you need to know how much is enough and how much is too much before you just start dumping the stuff on your landscape or farm. For example, what’s the percentage of nitrogen in the compost, and how many pounds of nitrogen per acre or per 1,000 sq. ft. does your crop or landscape need? You better do the math! 130

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

changing dirt into soil The simple act of composting is where specialized fungi and bacteria called saprophytic microorganisms collaborate in the reduction (shrinkage) of organic matter by utilizing the calorie value of the fats, proteins and sugars contained in the compost. As the microbes eat, they concentrate all the parts that cannot be eaten, such as the minerals, while eventually turning all the digestible parts back into carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases. If plentiful levels of oxygen are available in the compost, the microbes that need oxygen to function will do the composting. If oxygen is not adequate, than another class of microbes called anaerobic or facultative anaerobes will conduct the decomposition; however, many nasty toxic compounds can result from composting without oxygen. The more easily organic matter decomposes, the more demand for oxygen there is. This is called the biological oxygen demand and it’s caused by the ravenous microbes using up the oxygen. This is why adding compost, peat moss or manure to a soil may be a bad idea, as you can rapidly use up the oxygen in the soil, switching decomposition over to an anaerobic system and resulting in the production of toxic chemicals such as lactic acid and alcohol.

“ If plentiful levels of oxygen are available in the compost, the microbes that need oxygen to function will do the composting.” So, which carbon compounds don’t decompose so easily, where do they come from and can we fortify the soil with them? It’s been said that the humic acids are the durable carbon substances of soil that don’t decompose so easily, followed by many claims of benefits. You might think you understand what humic acids are, including the fraction called fulvic acid; however, the problem is those terms are generic, and are not proper terms of chemistry. In addition, neither humic or fulvic acid have 132

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

changing dirt into soil been found using a true chemical analysis; therefore, the molecules of these chemicals have never been described or given a proper name that follows the rules of chemical nomenclature, resulting in that information being published in the compendia of biochemistry called the White Book. This is why some states, such as California, will not label approve or allow the sale of fulvic acid. A little while ago, I was determined to solve this problem and prove products could in fact contain both humic and fulvic acid, so I could get each state to approve labeling on those products containing those ingredients. To accomplish this goal, definitive research was needed on the humic acids of soil so that we could compare that chemistry with the same molecules

approximates the percent of humic acids—information that’s not useful for my research. The problem is that this method of analysis is not standardized and cannot actually be used to find the true essence of what these products of soil chemistry are, what their molecular chemical formula is, quantifying and qualifying exactly how much is in the product. For example, if you buy medication, the manufacturer can tell you exactly what chemical active ingredient is in the product and exactly how many milligrams per tablet you are getting. While in theory humic and fulvic acids are powerful biologic chemicals, the manufacturers of these products cannot provide the same kind of evidence as the pharmaceutical makers can provide. Knowing the

“ definitive research was needed on the humic acids of soil so that we could compare that chemistry with the same molecules found in soil amendment products.” found in soil amendment products. I needed to prove that the humic and fulvic acids found in some products were bio-identical to those found in soil. In 1998, I invited universities across the country (over 50 with soil labs) to conduct molecular research on humic acids, with the objective of developing a purification technique for humic acids that would not harm them in the process of getting them out of the soil sample. Once purified, we could perform a true chemical analysis to describe the molecules of the humic and fulvic acid fractions for the first time. The universities that replied to my offer reported that they could not accept the grant as their labs are not capable of performing the analysis because they did not have the equipment to perform such an analysis and that no such analysis technique existed that was standardized. The only methods available are simple base extraction with a first-level operational assessment providing information that 134

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

approximate percentage of humic or fulvic acids may be good enough for getting the product label approved, as long as you use the method allowed by the state regulatory agency, however, it doesn’t provide the consumer with evidence of the active ingredients true molecular essence or if they can even work. You may think this is a silly point and that knowing the percentage of humic or fulvic acid is good enough information, but imagine this situation: someone offers to sell you a car, yet the seller has never actually seen the car and cannot describe to you any of the details about the car—the colors, the make, the model, the year, the engine size and horsepower, the expected mpg; nothing other than they are pretty sure it’s a car. Would you buy the car? This was the reason I wanted to perform research on humic acids with the help of a university. Fortunately, while the universities could not help me, I discovered that the Los Alamos National Laboratory and Sandia

changing dirt into soil National Laboratories, could perform this kind of detailed molecular research. The resulting data from this research has paved the way towards a clearer understanding of soil chemistry using these fantastic miracles of nature. This information provides us with proof of what these powerful carbon rich molecules are, how they work, when they work and when they don’t work. This information also allows us to formulate these substances using intimate mixtures that result in bio-identical molecules to those found in soil.

“ The powerful biologic chemicals of soil we call humic acids are products of soil chemistry and don’t come from the decomposition of organic matter.”

Fig. 1. This photo shows a supramolecular cluster of the various molecules called humic acids, discovered for the first time during analytical work being performed at the National Laboratories. This is the first evidence ever produced of the molecular description of the so called humic acids. Research was performed by the technical staff of Soil Secrets with SUPRACHEM. Photo submitted

 Being supramolecular, these molecules

are very attractive to water and actually change the structure of water much like a high Gauss field water changer works. A single molecule of one of these biologics can hold in its energy field over 10,000 molecules of water resisting evaporation and improving the water management of a field soil. They also help to hold in a mineral water solution the nutrients needed by plants (see Fig. 2). The decay rate is slow with the molecules  losing their dipole moment energy value after about 3,000 years, much like a flashlight battery will lose its charge even when not being used.  The terms humic acid and fulvic acid Where do they come from? The most  are not good terms as they don’t apply essential production precursor necesto the rules of chemical nomenclature sary for their formation in soil are the and those names don’t describe what beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi the chemical characteristics are of those that associate with over 90% of earth’s two fractions. (See Fig. 1 of a true supramolecular molecule of humic acid.)  The powerful biologic chemicals of soil we call humic acids are products of soil chemistry and don’t come from the decomposition of organic matter.  When formed in soil they are supramolecular chemicals with extremely high paramagnetic dipole moments, a kind of energy value that’s hard to describe here. Being supramolecular the molecules of these powerful chemicals are attracted to each other forming huge clusters of molecules that are not chemically bonded to each other. This is called self assembling without an outside influence. As a result, these molecules resist being a liquid if you try to provide that kind of product, Fig. 3. Pure supramolecular humic acids full as the molecules soon turn into a of microbial life, seen as white threads where Jell-o like substance.

What can I tell you about these durable carbon biologic molecules?

the bacteria and fungi are living in visible communities. Photo submitted.

136

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Fig. 2. Two cotton fields side by side. Photos taken on the same day. Field on the top was not fortified with Soil Secrets TerraPro Humic Acids, one on the bottom was fortified. Both fields had the water turned off in early September and the humic acid treated field had a two month soil moisture advantage that the other field did not have. Photo submitted.

changing dirt into soil

“ This information also allows us to formulate these substances using intimate mixtures that result in bio-identical molecules to those found in soil.”

Fig. 4. Recalcitrant soil carbons rich in supramolecular humic acids, accumulating on a Soil Secrets test plot over a three year period. Photo submitted.

terrestrial plants. The hyphae of mycorrhizae are rich in protein and the amino acids that make up this protein are important precursor chemicals for the formation of the humic acid chemicals.  Soil microbes love living in pure supramolecular humic acids, as these products of soil chemistry help in the respiration of beneficial microbes (see Fig. 3). The more you have in a soil the better the microbiology performs. Accumulating humus is the pedogenesis (soil creation) of soil, turning dirt into a healthy and productive soil (see Fig. 4). Humus is a generic term used by most of us that describes the more complex biologic molecules of soil that are for the time being called humic acids, but deserve to be properly named. The humic acid chemicals do not not come from humification of dead organic matter, rather it’s a result of an efficient mutualism between plants and the terrestrial biosphere of soil micro-organism, and most specifically the mycorrhizal fungi. The mycorrhizal plant fungi relationship is critical to the process of pedogenesis, because it’s the massive contribution this fungus makes to its host plant in the form of water and minerals that allows the plant to be healthier and to live longer. Science has demonstrated that when a plant is mycorrhizal, the uptake of minerals from the soil is dramatically better and the drought tolerance of the plant is also significantly better. We’ll be discussing these concepts in future articles scheduled to appear in additional issues of Maximum Yield magazine.

138

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Green Thumb Gardening

Passive CO2 is

So Cool by Casey Jones Fraser

There are many ways to supplement CO2 in your indoor garden. Passive CO2 products in particular can help you balance your budget, and help your plants deal with the heat. Summer heat is hitting growers just as hard as ever this year. You may be hoping for 75 to 80°F with your lights on, but outdoor temperatures are trying to heat up your indoor operation. Air-conditioning is the first line of defence. CO2 is another helpful addition to a hot room. Your plants can tolerate slightly higher temperatures in an environment with elevated levels of CO2. “Slightly higher” is an important phrase. If your thermometer reads higher than 85°F, don’t be surprised if your yields suffer. CO2 can increase yield and heat tolerance, but it cannot work miracles. In many large gardens, CO2 generators are the best way to supplement carbon dioxide. However, other gardeners are working in smaller situations or perhaps with tighter budgets. Initially, CO2 tanks and a regulator are cheaper than a generator, but tank refills will quickly bring the cost right back up. Unfortunately, CO2 generators create more heat. These metal boxes have flames that burn either natural gas or propane. If your growroom is too hot already, generators may be a bad idea. When you need to keep a tight budget and avoid additional heat, while still adding CO2, consider passive CO2 products. Your local hydro shop probably carries some sort of fungus in a bag, or sheets of fabric that you hang in the growroom.

140

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

“Your plants can Tolerate slightly higher temperatures in an environment with elevated levels of co2.” The fabric CO2 pads are laced with powdered compounds that can release carbon dioxide when left in a moist environment. If the relative humidity in your growroom is somewhere around 50%, these pads will steadily release gas with a gradual degradation. Always check packaging for the manufacturer’s suggested replacement schedule. The bags of fungus are another option for a low start-up cost and instant CO2 without heat. Just like the CO2 pads, these bags slowly release carbon dioxide for your plants. Instead of powdered compounds, they are full of organic matter and living fungus. The fungus releases CO2 as part of its normal life functions. A small hole in the bag or bucket allows the gas to escape. To ensure your passive CO2 purchases are working properly, seal the room and use a digital CO2 monitor. Many growers have air blowing into and out of their grow space. This is a great idea when temperatures are cool outside and your garden is running without carbon dioxide supplementation. However, air-conditioning and CO2 work more efficiently when they stay in the garden. Exhaust fans will suck the air out of your growroom, CO2 and all. Turn up the A/C and shut the vents. Digital CO2 controllers can be very expensive, but CO2 monitors are more affordable. Add the passive CO2 source to your garden and watch the numbers move up on your digital meter. After a period of days or weeks, levels may drop below your ideal range of 1,200 to 1,500 ppm. At that point you will know to bring in fresh CO2 pads or fungus bags. In my experience, passive CO2 is budget friendly and easy to maintain. Even with levels as low as 750 ppm, plants will metabolize nutrients more quickly.

A bag of fungus provides a good level of CO2 for the growroom.

Fabric CO2 pads dispense even levels of CO2 to benefit your plants.

There are also a few inefficient and ineffective passive CO2 methods you might want to avoid, such as baking soda and vinegar, dry ice, brewer’s yeast and sugar water. These methods are unreliable and disappointing when tested with a digital meter. Dry ice is the only one of those methods that will make a significant difference in carbon dioxide levels, but you would need to replace it multiple times every day. No thanks. Two ways of adding a mild boost of CO2 are mycorrhizae and compost tea. Various species of fungi, such as beneficial root mycorrhizae, give off CO2. Soil growers should use plenty of fungal sources to boost root health and CO2 levels. When compost tea is properly brewed, it contains millions of living fungal cells. Spray those fungi onto plants leaves where they can give off carbon dioxide near the stomata. Keep daytime temperatures as close to 77°F as possible, but consider adding CO2 if it gets much hotter. For good results, follow the directions on the package. For great results, add a digital monitor. Stay cool and garden often. Bless.

A bag of fungus can be hung up or simply sat on the plant beds.

A fabric CO2 pad in action, installed above grow lighting.

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

141

1,029 words (3.5 pages) Plantbased Nutrients and Healthy Microbes Kelly Dunn

142

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Growing your gardens with plant-based foods is an ancient tradition. Organic veganics comprised all the world’s cultivated foods up until the synthetic fertilizer, ammonium nitrate, hit the farm and feed stores in the early 20th century. Farmers have been using cover crops such as clover, alfalfa, field peas and rye grass to bring nutrients and beneficial bacteria back into the soil. They have used weed and manure tea brews and compost piles made from plants way before synthetic fertilizers. In fact, this type of gardening and farming has roots as deep as the first agrarian village. Veganics is based on the focus of feeding your microbes, not your plants. It is the beneficial microbe’s job to break down nutrients and then the plant can uptake 100% of what passes through the microbe’s digestive system. When you are feeding your microbes the diet they want (like one comprised of herbs that are good for humans and plants), you are saving money and bettering your footprint on the earth. Utilizing mostly green material that is fresh from your outdoor garden or from the wild can boost your plant’s immune response so much that it will leave you stoked on the large, super tasty yields. Beneficial bacteria and fungi

It is the beneficial microbe’s job to break down nutrients and then the plant can uptake 100% of what passes through the microbe’s digestive system.”

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

143

plant-based nutrients and healthy microbes

are present on all leaves and roots. When you use plants that have large amounts of beneficial microbes, the microbes proliferate in your tea. Microbes love decomposed plants. Adding organic molasses kick starts the eating frenzy and the decomposed herbs expands the microbial colony, allowing for exponential plant food. Teas and herbal nutrients can also be used for indoor growing. If you do not have access to fresh nutrients, you can buy products that are 100% plant based, which contain organic, dried herbs and beneficial bacteria. You will find that these nutrients go way further than other nutrients because when the microbes eat the herbs, they put out a manure of which your garden can uptake 100% of the herbal properties and nutrients. Often only 20 to 25% of synthetic fertilizers can actually be up-taken by the plant. Not only

do synthetic fertilizers go wasted, they also deplete soil, make soil acidic and bypass the entire organic breakdown process. The sad outcome of the plant is weakened DNA and susceptibility of disease and wilt. As a comparison, consider how herbs work when we ingest them. Herbs do not work on their own in our body. It takes the digestive enzymes and beneficial microbes in our gut to break down the herbs so the benefits can enter our blood stream. Then we are able to get the medicinal values of the herbs. Our gut is full of beneficial bacteria that break down everything we eat. Plants need the same process with nutrients. With the plant tea, beneficial bacteria are added to break down the plants that you have put in your tea brews. You could easily create this same situation with an indoor garden or a garden that does not have many weeds, such as a garden comprising of pots. Herbs can be dried and added to water, making a garden tea, in the same way we make herbal teas to drink. By adding beneficial bacteria to the dried tea blends, the microbes are able to break down the herbs, and the plants get readily available nutrients from the bacteria excrement. We like to call this microbe manure (MM). This is the basic process of using compost teas, but, by adding your own herbs and bacteria and efficient microorganisms, you have the ability to know what

Our gut is full of beneficial bacteria that break down everything we eat. Plants need the same process with nutrients.â&#x20AC;?

144

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; July 2013

The myth about veganics is that you cannot get the same yields from plant-based nutrients as other organics or synthetics, yet, all the forests and wildlands of the world are grown from veganics.”

microbes are present in your tea and give them a diet of your choice. I feed my plants different herbs for specific results. When my garden is in a vegetative stage, I focus on green, nitrogen-rich herbs like alfalfa, nettle, spirulina algae and kelp. During fruiting and flowering cycles, I make a blend that is high in potassium and phosphorus, like burdock root, rhubarb and wild yam root. When you make a tea from these herbs, the microbes digest all of the organic herbs and the organic benefits are unlocked for the plant to uptake. I add endomycorrhizae to the blend to have communication between the MM and the roots of the plants. The mycorrhizae makes it easier for the plant to digest the teas and helps to uptake much more of the nutrients available in the herbs. There is tons of scientific evidence to support the synthetic nutrients vs. veganics debate. By looking through a microscope you can easily see that when you feed your microbes nutritious whole foods, they thrive and multiply, creating healthy MM. When we look at microbes that have been fed synthetics, they are not eating the “food” and they are not multiplying. Therefore, they are slowly dying in your soils. Your soils are acidic and should not be used again. When you are working with veganics, your Continued on page 148...

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

145

plant-based nutrients and healthy microbes

... continued from page 145

soil can be used over and over again. Adding fresh herbs or dried herbal teas give the microbes food to continue to multiply. Their manure and their presence rids your plants and soils of plant threats like botrytis, powdery mildew, pythium root rot, burning from nutrients, calcium depletion and wilt. Veganics is good for your gardens and the earth. Plants respond to being fed with other plants because it is the way that they have evolved. It has been the catalyst for our current plants that are alive on the planet today. Old-growth forests and the largest trees in the world sustain and grow from primarily a veganic diet. A perfect example of this is the redwoods in northern California. Their growth is due to foliar feeding and foliage decomposition. The myth about veganics is that you cannot get the same yields from plant-based nutrients as other organics or synthetics, yet, all the forests and wildlands of the world are grown from veganics. Bring it back to the plants! They are easily renewable, they feed and propagate worms, they promote a healthy soil food web and they smell great!

148

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; July 2013

An Element Too Good to Pass Up:

Silicon The Benefits of

by David Kessler

All-miracle cures for the garden are snake oils, right? Well, what if we were to tell you that one of those marvels is real, as well as the second most abundant element on the surface of the earth?

150

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; July 2013

The benefits of silicon found that silicon-responWould you use a product that would increase sive plants had “dry weight your harvest weight by as much as 80%? “Everyone wants increases (which)… ranged What if it also provided increased tolerance bigger harvests, from 6 to 80% depending to environmental stressors such as drought on the species.” and high temperatures, provided resistance and using silicon So how does this “nonto insect attacks, and additionally had been could be the key.” essential” element have proven to protect your crop from powdery such a huge impact on so mildew (Sphaerotheca fulginea), root many facets of your plants’ rot (Fusarium oxysporum), damping off existence? Silicon performs its multitude of functions in (Pythium) and gray mold (botrytis cinerea)? Now, what if I told you this product is real, that it is available, and that the two ways: by the polymerization of silicic acid leading to above list of accolades does not even scratch the surface of the formation of solid amorphous, hydrated silica, and by being instrumental in the formation of organic defense what it has been proven to do? compounds. To simplify, silicon is actively transported into This miracle product happens to be the second the plant similarly to macronutrients like potassium. From most abundant element on the surface of the there it moves up the xylem and is distributed out to the earth: silicon. Although not regarded as one of growing shoots. There, the silicon forms larger polymer the 16 essential nutrients that plants must have chains (polymerization) that allows plants to deposit silicon to grow, silicon may prove to be the best addition in the form of solid amorphous (non crystalline), hydrated to your fertilizer regimen you can make. Plants silica which is then incorporated into the plant’s cell walls, have certainly been shown to grow in hydroponic thereby armoring the plant’s cells against rasping and sucksolution devoid of silicon, but when the same plants are ing insects. If you are growing leafy greens, think about grown with silicon, tissue analysis has shown that silicon how much better the texture of the leaves will be when accounts for as much as 10% of the dry weight of the plant. every one of the millions of plant cells has thicker cell Everyone wants bigger harvests, and using silicon could walls from the added silicon. be the key. A study conducted by the University of Florida

152

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

The benefits of silicon Additionally, silicon is deposited in the trichomes of plants, according to studies, it is the silica in trichomes that lends leaves and awns (stiff bristle or hair-like appendages in plants) the roughness and the toughness that impede the penetration of herbivores and pathogens through the cell walls. It acts as a physical barrier. The other way silicon benefits your plants is in its ability to promote the synthesis of organic defense compounds. When a plant is under attack by insects or pathogens it sends out chemical messages, triggering the plant’s natural defenses. A study conducted on cucumbers yielded conclusive proof the plants were protected from fungal pathogens by the presence of silicon in the hydroponic solution. Another benefit of the use of silicon is that it balances the nutrient absorption of your plants. Silicon can balance nutrient elements in plant tissue through the suppression of Al, Mn and Na, and by mediating the uptake of other elements like P, Mg, K, Fe, Cu and Zn. When used with peat-based or bark-based soil/

soilless mixes, silicon prevents the over-acidification of the mix, which can lead to pH-induced nutrient lockout, as well as inhibiting the absorption of toxic elements like aluminum. When anthuriums were grown in soil with available aluminum, the tissue tested had 150 ppm of aluminum while the plants grown in the same soil, but fed silicon, tested at only 41 ppm. If you’re considering introducing silicon additives into your feeding program, remember that silicon products must be the first thing added to a fresh reservoir of water, even before base nutrients. By their inherent chemical properties, silicon additives are alkali, and because most fertilizers are acidic, they must be diluted before they are added to a hydroponic reservoir or any water fertilizer mixture. This will allow for the concentrated alkali silicon solution to diffuse, thus preventing localized chemical reactions from causing the formation of undesirable nutrient precipitates. Silicon can be a cure, a booster, a medicine and a messenger. It can counteract damage to your plants from extreme temperatures, or prevent the “Silicon can be a cure, absorption of toxins that a booster, a medicine would otherwise destroy your and a messenger.” plants. It can send insects to more inviting hosts, and it can increase the weight of your harvest. Silicon truly is a multipurpose, beneficial element that should be in every gardener’s toolbox. Think of it as the best, and cheapest, plant insurance you can buy! David Kessler heads research and development at Atlantis Hydroponics and writes for their popular blog. David has over two decades of experience and multiple degrees from the State University of New York. He’s also an accredited judge for the American Orchid Society and travels the world judging orchid events. Follow his blog at atlantishydroponics.wordpress.com

154

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Distributed by

FirstAmendmentSoil.com Move beyond the N-P-K to the o!

O x y Doser

™

… because AIr sToNes Are CHILD’s PLAY

O x y Doser ™

Nano-Micro Bubble and Liquid Film Generators O x y Doser ™

Air & O x y Doser Pure ™

O x y Doser ™

Hydroponic systems

O x y Doser ™

Deep Water Culture and NFT featuring:

Complete oxygen (O2) saturation

components

Efficient and environmentally friendly

O x y Doser ™ enriched

and recirculated fluid

Dramatic cost savings vs. airstones and pumps

Low cost and easy expansion

Get your local store to start carrying our products and we will send you a FREE OXYDOSER™ MicroBubble Generator – see our website for details. Distributed by

oxydoser.com

O x y Doser 888.HyDRO.57

™

find us on

Direct, Wholesale & Distributor Sales

tips and tricks

Urbanization and the practice of urban gardening are on the rise, and we’ve had to get pretty inventive with how to best utilize our ever-shrinking space as our cities get fuller. The world we live in is becoming increasingly urbanized. For the first time in history, there are more people living in cities than in the surrounding rural areas. This means there is limited space for each person in these urban areas. However, people are taking back their space and realizing the benefits (personal and environmental) of urban gardening. So, whether you have a small high-rise apartment or a townhouse with a small backyard, you have to adapt your gardening style to fit as many plants in the small spaces you’re allotted. Using various tools and techniques, you can overcome these limitations to grow healthy, successful gardens.

Hanging pots The use of hanging pots is probably the easiest way to make room for more plants in your garden. You can grow your traditional garden in the ground or in containers on the ground and then

158

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

have more plants growing in hanging pots above. They can be hung from fences, posts, ceilings and basically anywhere else you can stick a hook. The benefit of using hanging pots, besides gaining space, is that you can keep your plants away from some ground pests like rabbits and mice. Hanging houseplants also helps keep your home less cluttered and keeps your plants out of the reach of pets and small children. Hanging pots are best suited for small to medium plants like dwarf tomatoes, peppers, herbs, beans, spider plants, English ivy, etc.

Stakes, trellises and bending Another way to make more space in your garden is to utilize gardening techniques like bending. Bending involves manipulating the growth of a plant to your will. You have to start when the plant is young and easy to bend. This is mostly done for indoor gardens that have limited height space. By bending and tying down plants that would grow tall, such as tomatoes, you can fit more in your space. Stakes and trellises can also be used to fit more plants in your garden. Many plants such as squash, beans, pumpkins and melons grow like vines on the ground. These plants can be forced to grow vertically up a stake or trellis instead of horizontally on the ground, leaving more room for other plants. It also allows more light to reach the plants on the ground.

Tower and tiered gardens

Tower gardens are tall cylindrical or cubed gardens that have slots at various angles and heights for smaller plants to fit in, thus making efficient use of all garden space.â&#x20AC;?

Tower and tiered gardens are another great way to incorporate vertical garden space. Tower gardens are tall cylindrical or cubed gardens that have slots at various angles and heights for smaller plants to fit in, thus making efficient use of all garden space. Tower gardens can be used to grow hydroponically or to grow houseplants in pots. Tiered gardens consist of shelves stacked at different heights and depths like steps to a stairs. This makes use of vertical garden space and keeps your plants from shading each other.

Gravity-fed hydroponic systems Many developing countries are taking advantage of gravity-fed hydroponic systems (GFHS). These systems take advantage of exterior home walls that receive the most light. GFHS can be made from troughs, bags, PVC, etc., each fitted to hold small plants like salad greens, miniature strawberries and herbs. Each row of troughs or bags will have a gradual decline so that when the hydroponic solution is pumped to the highest level it will be circulated by gravity through each level until it reaches the reservoir to be recirculated again. These systems are extremely efficient and make use of space otherwise not used for gardening. As populations in cities continue to grow, more people are taking advantage of space-saving gardening methods. You too can double and triple the output of your garden space with a little innovation and hard work.

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; July 2013

159

Beyond the Basics:

and DLI PAR Light Measurements by maxwell salinger

If you ask an indoor gardener about their lighting, you will undoubtedly hear about the type of bulb and wattage they are running; however, there is much more to indoor lighting than just these two factors.

162 Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; July 2013

Par and dli light measurements

States, we typically hear units of light referred to in foot candles or lumens, but these units are not ideal when considering plant lighting needs.” Yes, it is true that the wattage of your lighting fixture will determine many things about your growing area, from the dimensions to the stocking density and cooling requirements. However, as lighting technology becomes more powerful and efficient, some of the common rules of thumb are changing. We have all heard the 4 by 4 ft. rule for a 1,000-W HID, but does this apply for 1,000 W of high-output T5 fluorescent tubes? This and other similar questions illustrate a need to understand the science behind the system—and this is where PAR and DLI light measurements come into play. By utilizing a PAR light intensity meter, questions like the one above can be answered much more accurately, enabling more optimization in our growing environment. In the United States, we typically hear units of light referred to in foot candles or lumens, but these units are not ideal when considering plant lighting needs. These units represent the amount of light perceived by the human eye, but plants only utilize a specific range of wavelength for photosynthesis. By measuring light in terms of the human eye we are not gaining a clear view of plant utilization. Photosynthetically

757 words (2.5 pages) Beyond the Basics: PAR and DLI Light Measurements Max Salinger

Achieving better light penetration could be as easy as trimming your plant’s canopy. 164

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Par and dli light measurements

measures the instantaneous amount of photons (units of light) within the PAR range that are being delivered per square meter per second, this number is abbreviated to the unit ‘μmol•m-2•s-1.’ ”

Test your grow lights with a PAR meter to see great results like these.

active radiation, or PAR, is light with a wavelength that measures between 400 and 700 nanometers, the spectrum that plants actually utilize to photosynthesize. Interestingly, this range of wavelengths is slightly smaller than that visible to the human eye. A PAR meter measures the instantaneous amount of photons (units of light) within the PAR range that are being delivered per square meter per second, this number is abbreviated to the unit

“μmol·m-2·s-1.” All other conditions being optimal, increasing the level of PAR can increase photosynthesis. Now that you are convinced that PAR is the way to go, we have to do a little math in order to calculate the amount of light that our crop is getting over the course of the day because PAR is a measure of instantaneous light. This is where daily light integral, or DLI, comes in to our lighting calculations. DLI is the measure of accumulated PAR over the time that our lights are on, and it is typically expressed in moles per day. The recommended DLI for fruiting crops like tomatoes or cucumbers is between 20 and 30 moles per day, whereas a crop like lettuce only needs around 17 moles per day. We calculate DLI by multiplying our PAR reading by the total amount of seconds that our lights are on per day and then dividing that number by 1,000,000. So, we would multiply our PAR reading by 0.0864 if our lights were on 24 hours a day and we multiple that same PAR reading by 0.0432 if they are on 12 hours a day. By looking at DLI across the growing area, we can determine the optimal light location vertically and horizontally. For example, when calculating the ideal growing area of a high-output T5 ballast compared to an HID, the optimal light footprint might be larger

Increasing the level of PAR can increase photosynthesis. 166

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Par and dli light measurements for the T5 than that of the HID, but the vertical penetration is lower. This data will help influence the type of growing system you use or pruning that you do. Along the same line, DLI can be used to calculate the efficiency of your plant’s canopy. If the top of your plant is receiving 25 to 30 moles of PAR per day, but the bottom is only receiving 10 to

15, you could consider thinning out your upper canopy to allow for better light penetration, or removing what will become unproductive flower buds from the bottom of the plant. DLI can also be used to calculate the minimum amount of time your lights are required to keep seedlings and clones productive while reducing electricity costs.

be used to calculate the minimum amount of time your lights are required to keep seedlings and clones productive while reducing electricity costs.”

757 words (2.5 pages) Beyond the Basics: PAR and DLI Light Measurements Max Salinger

Calculations are required to find your optimal vertical and horizontal lighting requirements.

When integrated into a growing system, DLI measurement can even automatically determine when your plants need watering by measuring the accumulated light levels over a certain amount of time. PAR meters come in a large range of prices and forms, from simple analog displays to digital meters than can integrate with your growing systems and automatically calculate DLI. From simple distance calculations to more advanced ones such as these, PAR measurements can go a long way to optimizing our indoor environment.

168

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

We’ve all heard about how gardening of all types can be a great stress-buster for us humans, but what about for the fish that live in our aquaponic systems?

170

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Aquaponic stress factors

Aquaponic gardening is a fascinating way to grow two food products—vegetables and fish—together in an organic, symbiotic ecosystem. And while growing vegetables is a familiar process for most of us, growing game fish for food is unfamiliar to many gardeners and can be a somewhat intimidating activity. Even for experienced aquarium hobbyists, growing a plate-sized tilapia is a whole different animal. The key to growing fish for food (or any fish, for that matter) in aquaponics is to consider what stresses the fish experience in a captive environment and then lessening or eliminating them. There are three categories of fish stress: physical, chemical and biological.

Physical stress Tilapia thrive in densly populated conditions.

Physical stress includes all the environmental conditions that we control for our fish, the most important of which is temperature. All fish have a temperature range within which they will thrive, and a wider range within which they will survive. Fish are cold-blooded animals; thus, they do not have the ability to expend energy to maintain a constant internal body temperature like we do. They are completely at the mercy of the temperature of their surrounding water. If that water temperature goes outside of their optimal (or, thriving) range, fish will eat less, or stop eating all together, and they become more susceptible to disease. That said, this is sometimes carefully employed as a technique

“while growing vegetables is a familiar process for most of us, growing game fish for food is unfamiliar to many gardeners and can be a somewhat intimidating activity.” called cold banking to slow down their growth rate. Cold banking is especially effective with fingerlings when you are trying to stagger your fish production. Another form of physical stress is sudden exposure to light and vibration. Fish are alarmed when we flip on a light switch and take their world instantly

172

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Aquaponic stress factors Breathable Wall. A breath of fresh air. Rigid breathable blackout material you can build with. Get full air flow when your light dep tarps are covering your greenhouse. For indoor and greenhouse ventilating needs. Herb-based plant super food. Inoculated with beneficial bacteria and endomycorrhizae. With kelp, humates, micro nutrients, and sugars.

Author Sylvia Bernstein (left) tête-à-tête with an aquaponic tilapia.

DEM is a complete superfood for your plants and microbes.

Forever Flowering Greenhouses specializes in light deprivation featuring the original breathable black out fabric. FFG is a complete source for all your greenhouse and organic gardening needs.

foreverflowering.net 888.784.4687

174

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

from night to day. They will sometimes even bang against the walls of their tank to escape the light. However, just like with cold banking, this sensitivity to light can be used to the aquaculturalist’s advantage by employing a technique called phase shifting, whereby you trick the fish into thinking that it is spawning season (or not) by timing the amount of light they get during the day to mimic the season in which they normally spawn (or not). And because they “hear” vibrations with their entire bodies, rapping against the wall of a tank feels like yelling to them and will also cause them undue stress. Interestingly, another form of physical stress can be water velocity. Fish originating from still lake waters, such as tilapia and perch, do not like much movement in their tank water. However, river fish like trout find it stressful not to have a current present in their tank.

“If that water temperature goes outside of their optimal (or, thriving) range, fish will eat less, or stop eating all together, and they become more susceptible to disease.”

Aquaponic stress factors

Chemical stress

Chemical stress is mostly centered on maintaining the quality of the water. Escalating ammonia and nitrite levels stress our fish. This can easily happen at the beginning of an aquaponic system’s life if the fish are introduced to the system before the nitrifying bacteria have been fully established (A.K.A fully cycled). If you see ammonia levels approaching 8 ppm or nitrite levels approaching

“If you see your pH dropping to 6.4 or below, you will want to take immediate action to buffer it back up using a calcium or potassium compound.” 1 ppm, you should do a one-third water change to dilute the level of unconverted toxic waste matter in your tank and allow the bacteria to catch up. Once you are fully cycled, the most common reason for a spike in ammonia and nitrite levels in an established system is that something is decaying somewhere in your system. Usually, this is an indication of a dead fish. While dead fish usually float to the surface and are easily detected, this isn’t always true and a rotting fish carcass can very quickly spike your ammonia and endanger the rest of your fish. The next most common reason is that there is an anaerobic zone somewhere in your grow beds. This describes an area of your beds where material has built up and is not decomposing aerobically, i.e. with oxygen, but has instead become stagnant. It probably also smells badly, and typically nothing will grow there. Anaerobic zones are easily remedied by simply agitating the media with a stick and allowing the stuck, rotting material to wash out of the grow bed. Tilapia are ideal aquaponics candidates.

176

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Aquaponic stress factors Note that in contrast to ammonia and nitrite, nitrate levels can go as high as 500 to 700 ppm without harming the fish. Maintaining a very low pH (below 6.0) can also be stressful. If you see your pH dropping to 6.4 or below, you will want to take immediate action to buffer it back up using a calcium or potassium compound. Finally, insufficient filtration of the solid waste and not enough dissolved oxygen (less than 4 ppm) are, not surprisingly, other forms of chemical stress.

Biological stress

Aquaponic set-ups are designed to grow two food products— vegetables and fish—together in a symbiotic ecosystem.

This last category refers to viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Just like in our world, most of these pathogens are often present but only fully express themselves when the right conditions occur. For fish, this likely means that some of the stress factors listed above must also be in place for biological threats to have an impact. In aquaponics we have adopted the technique of salting fish—that is, adding salt (sodium chloride) to the water to help them ward off disease. But this practice can be harmful to our plants because they may be sensitive to sodium. Also, I’ve recently heard that it is the chlorine, not the sodium, which helps the fish. So, you can actually get the same effect with a more plant-friendly treatment such as potassium chloride or magnesium chloride. So, just think like a fish and give them a relatively stress-free environment and they will live long in your aquaponics system—and be delicious at harvest!

178

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

180

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

the myth of cloroxed clippers

The myth Anyone who has made an investment in topquality pruning tools probably cleans and maintains them on a regular basis. But would you clean them every day, or even several times a day? If you are worried about potentially transmitting plant diseases like fire blight, Dutch elm disease and sudden oak death, then such a cleaning regimen would be crucial. Furthermore, you might be inspired to disinfect the pruning wounds, especially those made on diseased trees and shrubs. The question is, though: what to use as your disinfectant? Nearly all of the popular websites with advice on tool disinfection say something like this: “...sterilize pruning tools using a solution of 1.5 cups of liquid chlorine bleach in 2 gal. of water. After each cut, dip the pruner or saw into this solution before starting the next cut.” This advice is repeated on thousands of web pages, including .edu sites. Is this the best choice?

field. Here are a variety of scientific and practical reasons:

Tool damage

As the material safety data sheet (MSDS) states for Clorox, as well as other brands of bleach, that “prolonged contact with metal may cause pitting or discoloration.” Indeed, this includes your pruning tools. You don’t find bleach for sale in unlined metal containers, and there’s a reason for that. Bleach is an oxidizing agent, which means it is corrosive.

Clothing damage It’s pretty self-evident that bleach will, well, bleach your clothing. Any spills in the field are impossible to treat unless you can immerse the affected material immediately. It probably is not a smart idea to carry a bottle of bleach in your pocket. Cloths used to wipe your tools down after treatment disintegrate quickly and have to be replaced continuously.

The reality Let’s assume you have already established a legitimate need to disinfect your tools, and so focus on the choice of disinfectant materials and how to disinfect. Before disinfection, tools should be free of dirt and debris so the disinfecting solution can reach every cutting surface. Increment borers should be treated in the same manner. Disinfectant solution can be carried into the field in a tightly sealed plastic bottle; ideally this bottle should be wide enough so that tools can be dipped directly into it. If this is not feasible, solution can be applied with a clean cloth or poured over the tool held over a bucket. However, disinfecting solutions should not be allowed to contaminate the soil. Pruning tools that are regularly disinfected need to be kept in top condition. The older the blades, the more pitted they become; these pits can harbor microbes that are unaffected by quick sterilization. This is especially true of bacteria associated with active cankers (the sticky matrix is often difficult to remove from pruner surfaces). One study found that disinfectant solutions would not remove bacterial slime from the surface of cutting tools, especially if the tool surface was pitted. This is why I do not recommend the use of chlorine bleach for disinfectant use in the 182

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Before disinfection, tools should be free of dirt and debris so the disinfecting solution can reach every cutting surface.”

the myth of cloroxed clippers

Human health damage Chlorine bleach (like Clorox) is listed as an acute and chronic health hazard. In addition to the damage it can do to your clothing and tools, contact with bleach will irritate your skin and your nose. Vapors will also irritate your throat and lungs if inhaled. Medical conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and obstructive lung disease are aggravated by exposure to chlorine bleach. Though you would most likely be in a well-ventilated area while using bleach, you are also supposed to wear impervious gloves and safety glasses to minimize health risk. This means more equipment to carry.

Plant health damage Bleach is extremely phytotoxic, more so than any of the other commonly used disinfectants. Any bleach left on your pruning tools will damage the tissue of the next cut. Likewise, those pruners sold with reservoirs that release disinfectant as they cut should never be used. Other disinfectant treatments tried over the years include: Alcohol dips (ethanol or isopropyl alcohol): Alcohols are readily available and moderately safe and effective to use. They can be expensive, however. Alcohol dips + flaming: Though this is standard procedure for tissue culture, it’s not practical for field use. Copper compounds (copper oxide, Bordeaux mixture): These are powerful fungicides and readily available. However, they probably are not the most environmentally friendly choice. Also, there has not been a great deal of research on their effectiveness as pruning tool disinfectants. Formalin (HCHO): It’s used in embalming fluid and readily penetrates skin. Not a good choice. Household cleaners (Listerine, Lysol, Pine-Sol): Readily available, moderately safe, can be extremely effective. Lysol (the original phenolbased material) in particular was found to be least corrosive to pruning tools. This is my personal choice. 184

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4): Like bleach, this compound is corrosive and probably not a good choice for field work. Finally, disinfectants should never be applied to pruning wounds, though old literature from the 1930s and 1940s often recommended this practice. This just adds insult to injury, making it more difficult for the plant to treat the wound with its own arsenal of disinfectants. Indeed, more recent research has established that pruning wounds

As the MSDS (material safety data sheet) states for Clorox, as well as other brands of bleach, that ‘prolonged contact with metal may cause pitting or discoloration.’ Indeed, this includes your pruning tools.”

the myth of cloroxed clippers

Choose a disinfectant that is effective, readily available and affordable, relatively safe to handle and won’t harm your tools or clothing. Many household cleaners fit this description.”

treated with ethanol and other disinfectants had more cambial necrosis and wood discoloration than tissues left alone. Furthermore, treated wounds were inhibited from forming the callus tissue that protects damaged tissue. The only exception to this might be in treating cut stumps where regrowth is desired; in such cases, sterilizing this broad, flat surface could prevent pathogen infection.

The bottom line Choose a disinfectant that is effective, readily available and affordable, relatively safe to handle and won’t harm your tools or clothing. Many household cleaners fit this description. Be sure to clean tools of dirt and debris before disinfecting.

After dipping your pruning tools, be sure to wipe away excess disinfectant to avoid injuring the next plant.

A longer soaking could be needed for pruning surfaces that are not smooth.

Like pruners, increment borers should always be sterilized before and after use. Never use disinfectants on pruning wounds; they are phytotoxic and cause more harm than good. Author Linda Chalker-Scott, Ph.D., is an extension horticulturist and an associate professor at Washington State University’s Puyallup Research and Extension Center. She can be found online at theinformedgardener.com

186

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

I’M A fAn! Michael Goodin

CONTEST

Nashua, New Hampshire

cuRREnT

W In n E R !

“I am new to the hydro world and to be honest, for a geek, I was completely clueless as to where to start. I needed a new soil for my veggie garden this year and stopped in to Hydro101. The guys there were awesome and totally showed myself and my family a bunch of stuff and completely peaked our interest. As we left, he handed us a copy of Maximum Yield and told me to read it. [It was the] best advice all week! There were awesome articles on how to get started with hydro: different ways, different lighting, everything. The funniest part was I could swear that this copy was custom written for me. Everything my wife and I have been talking about was inside. I am hooked!”

! s e i r t n e n a F r e h t O ge ing-ed e cutt d m a e h u giv ever I’ve n nth yo of t o ll a m a h t y t lmos dvice “Ever a a d y n g sa olo techn the tip Thanks!” I use . s. r e r o o s on bef y, Ohio the sp ain Count r o, lo – Din

m thy crops fro g trophy-wor in ev hi n ac io ’m at “I inform horticultural ” e. in az the incredible eld mag Maximum Yi s oi presented in in Ill oodstock, – Harrison, W

“I’m on disabilit y and de tr y a ve cided to getable garden. tips on I found everythin the g from w germina atering ting and to others v ery help I am no ful as t a gree – Danie n thumb.” l, Midhu rst, Onta rio, Can ada

e great info! n! Love all th fa ge hu a “I’m ! Always read vertisements ad ’ rs ile !” ta re And t for the next and can’t wai ia front to back rn g City, Califo – Kevin, Kin

My favorite store:

“I’m a fan of Maxim it is a um Yie wealt h of u ld bec and I seful get m inform ause ore e ation, ducat I pick ed ev it up. er y tim Thank – Bra e d, Em s.” erson , Iowa

“I now have ever y aspect of my cultiva under contro tion l, and I owe it all to Maxim Yield! Yellow um Bottle and beneficial m organisms icrohave change d the game for me!! Thank you, sirs and ma’ ams.” – Jarred, Sac ramento, C alifornia

TEll us WhY you’re A fAn FoR A chAncE To WIn A $100 GIFT cERTIFIcATE monThlY And A GRAnd pRIZE oF $1000 To spEnd AT YouR FAvoRITE hYdRo sToRE

10 facts on... chlorine by Philip mcintosh

Chlorine (Cl) is a non-metallic element with atomic number 17 that exists as a yellowish green diatomic molecular gas (Cl2) at room temperature.

Chlorine gas is so toxic that it was used as a weapon during World War I. Nasty, nasty stuff.

As it turns out, the ionic form (Cl-) is not so bad. In fact, plants (and people too) can’t live without it!

The chloride anion (Cl-) plays a role in the oxidation of water (water splitting) during photosynthesis, and in some species it helps protect against fungal infections.

The chloride concentration in plant dry matter commonly ranges from 20 to 100 ppm, although highly salt-tolerant plants growing in saline conditions can have considerably higher concentrations.

The chloride ion is ubiquitous in the environment and is found in many naturally occurring ionic compounds, the most well-known of which is common table salt (NaCl).

Not only is it unusual for a plant essential element to exist naturally as a gas, but Cl2 is also highly toxic.

Chloride ion is highly soluble and leaches easily from soils; however, there is so much of it around that soilgrown plants rarely suffer from a deficiency of it.

As might be expected, an excess of chlorine is much more likely to become a problem resulting in leaf burn, leaf yellowing and leaf drop.

10.

Cl- is likely to exist in sufficient amounts in feed water or as a formulation constituent (as in CaCl2) or minor contaminant in other reagents. Seldom, if ever, does it need to be accounted for in a nutrient solution— except to make sure there is not too much of it.

188

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

WIN BIG! GROW BIG!

mAximum yield’s

4 Chances to WIN

every 2nd month for the entire year! Enter now at maximumyield.com/winbig

1 WIN

AD 2 WIN

A Package of green Pads and green Pad Jr.s

Green Pad CO2 generator products are based on a natural chemical formula of carbons and acids that react to humidity or moisture to release carbon dioxide on demand. Since Green Pads only react to humidity, you can use them when you are ready to supplement your garden with beneficial CO2; simply hang, spray and walk away to start the release of CO2 from your Green Pads.

3 WIN

A grow Pack from green Planet

Green Planet nutrients are amongst the finest in the world. The Grow Kit contains many essential products for the primarily organic grower, including 16-oz. samples of the award-winning base nutrient Medi-One, Massive (the company’s flagship bloom enhancer), Finisher and Liquid W-8. The kit also includes a full feed program for optimal growth.

4 WIN

A stealthro 100 from hydrologic Purification systems The StealthRO 100 comes complete with a 1:1 waste ratio flow restrictor and algae block filter housing sleeves. It is upgraded with a KDF 85 carbon filter and the new low pressure/cold water/ high flow membrane for double the flow rate. This fully loaded system has everything you need to produce pure water for your plants immediately.

A case of spider mite knock out from doktordoom This insecticide plant spray kills and repels insects on contact. It’s safe to use up to one day before harvest on fruits, vegetables, herbs and other edible crops. It contains no artificial fragrances, perfumes, attars or oils, which makes it an ideal choice for people with sensitivities. Also use it on aphids, whiteflies, Japanese beetles, stink bugs, leafhoppers and cabbage beetles.

For complete contest rules, go to maximumyield.com/winbig This contest cycle runs until August 15, 2013. Prizes might not be exactly as shown.

book review

Sylvia Bernstein’s

Aquaponic

Gardening:

A Step-by-step Guide to Raising Vegetables and Fish Together If you’ve been reading up on aquaponics lately, but find you still feel lost, it’s likely Aquaponic Gardening: A Step-by-step Guide to Raising Vegetables and Fish Together is going to have the answers to your lingering questions. The book’s author Sylvia Bernstein is the president and founder of The Aquaponics Source and definitely knows what she’s talking about. Her book is a passionate, do-it-yourself guide suitable for both the beginner and the aquaponic gardener who is already set up. It’s also a great resource for the gardener who is already growing hydroponically since it often mentions where and when hydroponics and aquaponics differ. Aquaponic Gardening starts off with a few Praise for definitions and an Aquaponic Gardening explanation as to “The science is so well how aquaponics is explained, it is easily benefiting people understood. I am ready to everywhere. Then, start. I love this book! – Jeff there are 15 illustrated Lowenfels, author, Teaming chapters walking with Microbes readers through the steps required “Learning how to garden for raising fish through the creation together with organic of a completely balanced vegetables, greens, ecosystem is now clearly herbs and fruits—an understandable, even to activity that can be inexperienced gardeners.” easily done indoors – Michael C. Metallo, and outdoors using a president and CEO, National variety of equipment. Gardening Association

190

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Sylvia explains this equipment (calling grow beds and fish tank the system’s “hardware” and the fish the “software”) in simple detail and also addresses the importance of the planning stages and how to best choose the ideal location to yield the best results. Through the inclusion of charts and graphs, and by revealing her own trials and errors with the reader, Sylvia focuses on what works and how to customize the process according to a grower’s desired outcomes. One of the common questions aquaponic beginners have is, “How many fish can I grow?” Sylvia answers, “The generally accepted rule of thumb for a home, mediabased aquaponics system is 1 lb. (500 g) of fish for every 5 to 10 gal. (20 to 40 L) of fish tank water.” On what types of fish to grow, (choices include tilapia, goldfish, catfish and koi, for example) the book poses the question: are you looking for food, fancy or fun? And, in terms of plant considerations, the options are also vast. “There is only one type of plant that I know of that absolutely does not grow well in aquaponics and that is any plant that requires a pH environment much above or below 7.0,” she writes. Aquaponic Gardening is well-organized and easy to read and addresses issues even an experienced aquaponic gardener might be facing. It’s essential reading for anyone curious about how aquaponic systems can use up to 90% less water than conventional gardens. Aquaponic Gardening is the 2012 winner of the Garden Writers Association Silver Achievement Award and is included in Mother Earth News’ Books for Wiser Living recommended reads. It’s available through amazon. com and select bookstores and grow shops. Pick one up today for yourself or for the other growers in your life!

DO YOU KNOW?

Silicon can balance nutrient elements in plant tissue through the suppression of Al, Mn and Na, and by mediating the uptake of other elements like P, Mg, K, Fe, Cu and Zn.

2. 3.

Plant hormones tend to have multiple functions and their receptors are spread widely throughout the plant.

The five major classes of plant hormones are auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene and abscisic acid.

Ollas can be used as a self-regulating irrigation method. If the soil surrounding the pot is dry, it will absorb moisture out of the pot through the porous walls. If the soil is moist, then this wicking action does not occur, and the water stays in the pot.

7. 8.

A recovered nutrient solution is an ideal “soup” for organisms to thrive in. Therefore, the recommendation is to filter the nutrient solution to remove the suspended organic matter and then sterilize before recirculation.

A plant’s stomata are essential for two main reasons. The first is to allow oxygen and water vapor to leave the plant (transpiration), which in turn cools the plant down and allows for more water and nutrients to flow from the roots to the leaf cells (translocation). The other is to provide a point of entry for carbon dioxide from the air to come into the leave and make photosynthesis possible.

When applying a foliar spray, use a wetting agent or surfactant. Water has a high surface tension rate, which causes it to bead up when sprayed. Adding a wetting agent will lower the water’s surface tension, allowing it to thin and spread out.

10.

Calcium might be the fifth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, but it isn’t found in its elemental form in the environment because it easily bonds to other elements and compounds like oxygen and water.

Generally, as the temperature increases, chemical processes within the plant proceed at faster rates until a maximum is reached and chemical inhibition occurs.

11.

The older your tool blades get, the more pitted they become. These pits can harbor microbes that are unaffected by quick sterilization.

If air humidity is very high, plants struggle to transpire enough water to help cool themselves. If humidity is low, the rate of water loss might be too high for the plant to sustain and wilting can rapidly occur. Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

191

ARTICLE

talking shop

AT A GLANCE Geoff (back row, left) and Nicole (back row, center) together with the Four Seasons Landscape Materials team

In Penn Valley in northern California, Four Seasons Landscape Materials makes more than 10 different types of soil blends, sells potting soils in bulk and stocks a full line of additional landscape materials. Read on to learn how owners Geoff and Nicole grew their business from just one dump truck and a tractor to a full service yard with a whole fleet of trucks.

Company: Four Seasons Landscape Materials Owners: Geoff and Nicole Location: 17115 Penn Valley Dr. Penn Valley, CA 95946 Phone: 1-530-432-9906 Web: fourseasonsmaterials.com E-mail: info@fourseasonsmaterials.com Motto: “Farmer-created, Farmer-tested and Farmer-approved Indoor and Outdoor Soils in Bulk”

192

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Before starting Four Seasons Landscape Materials, Geoff and Nicole both had prior experience in the earthmoving, trucking and construction industries. After having operated a familyrun business that was eventually sold, Geoff and Nicole had the desire to open a materials yard with the intent to grow it from the ground up. They knew they wanted to stay in the local community doing something they knew a lot about, and they also wanted to work with customers directly, so the pair founded Four Seasons in Penn Valley, California, in 2004. Start-up years for Geoff and Nicole were lean and included one employee, one Bobtail dump truck and one tractor. But, the pair hit the ground running and immediately started selling a full line of landscape materials. It wasn’t long after they opened until Geoff and Nicole realized that many of their customers wanted different ingredients mixed in with their soil blends. In other words, customers wanted to create their own soil blends using Four Seasons products. In response, Four Seasons began offering complimentary soil consulting and design for their customers.

“We have learned to adapt and the elements in their products—ones found from the earth, sea and sky. At the end of the day, though, Geoff and Nicole grow with our customers and attribute their success to simple word of mouth from repeat their needs. It is imperative to satisfied marketing customers. stay up with market trends and All of this great work being done at Four Seasons is cerstay educated with new and tainly a group effort. Geoff and Nicole are lucky to have a existing product lines,” says friendly and knowledgeable staff devoted to working hard. Geoff. “All of our customers Communication is superb between the employees, owners that we design blends for are and customers, Nicole notes. “They are co-workers and completely blown away,” he friends who laugh and smile while on the job,” she says. adds. “We’ll have a customer bring in a container of their old soil, we’ll test it and then design a blend that re-amends their old soil. So, not only are we revitalizing their last year’s dirt, but the customer can see how it’s going to drain and retain before we ever deliver anything. Currently the company serves the northern California It completely takes the guessing out of it for the customer.” region with its fleet of trucks and experienced drivers to Four Seasons has always believed in providing high quality accommodate delivery needs. Its goal is to eventually be able products and listening to their customers, and as their cliento serve all four corners of the region. “We really work hard tele grew to include a diverse base, their philosophy changed to give every customer the same amount of time and energy,” too because they became the producers and designers of presays Geoff. “Whether it’s a 5-gal. bucket of soil or a 100-yd. mium soil, rather than just a retailer. They eventually began order, someone will always be around to help you.” selling their custom-designed soils in bulk and launched the popular Formula 419, Coco Loco, Above all, Four Seasons emphasizes the Grow 530 and Grow 530 Plus soils. Each importance of professional attitudes, being blend incorporates supreme natural approachable to all generations, a welcomingredients with high fertilizers, growing appearance to the yard and product dising mediums and aeration. “These are plays, a user friendly website and tech-savvy high yielding soil blends that will bring staff, timely deliveries, and, most of all, creatbig results,” says Geoff. In addition, ing excellent soils. “Each season is a success Four Seasons employs a daily quality when customers return and compliment the control regimen to ensure its soils have product and services we offer,” says Geoff. the proper temperature, pH and drain“You never get tired of customers telling you Four Seasons creates custom soil blends best age capabilities necessary. that they love your products.” suited to a grower’s unique gardening needs. To further grow their business, Geoff and Nicole stay on top of marketing using various advertising methods including online, print ads, social media and free give-aways at various events. As far as branding goes, they created their own soil logos to carry a theme and represent all of

“We really work hard to give every customer the same amount of time and energy.”

Four Seasons trucks are ready to deliver.

Geoff and Nicole inside the Four Seasons office. Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

193

You tell us

From its headquarters in Olivehurst, California, Vermicrop Organics creates premium eco-friendly potting soils, amendments, compost teas and soilless mediums that are available nationwide. National sales manager Chris Grant shares a little bit about why Vermicrop products are flying off the shelves.

The Vermicrew in its entirety, minus one of the owners.

Tell us a little about how your company started. In what ways has it evolved? Our company started as a group of eco-friendly gardeners with a passion for microbial teas and growing media. Always eager to help the growers and farmers around us, we decided to help people grow great plants using sustainable products and biological inoculants. We continue to innovate and offer truly organic, cutting-edge products while emphasizing ease of use and value.

regardless of skill level, to achieve fantastic results.

What has been at the heart of your product development? Biology and the ability to sustain it are at the core of every product we develop at Vermicrop. Even our inert products are developed with sustainability and a lower carbon footprint in mind. We are providing products of stellar quality to enable every grower,

How does your potting soil Vermifire differ from Vermisoil? What would be best for a beginner gardener? The difference between Vermisoil and Vermifire are in terms of nutrient levels. Vermisoil has the industry standard levels of nutrients suitable for most herbs, flowers and foliage plants. The Vermifire has accelerated levels of

194

Maximum Yield USAâ&#x20AC;&#x201A; |â&#x20AC;&#x201A; July 2013

Which products are you seeing the most demand for these days? We are seeing a huge increase in the demand for premium soils that are consistent and formulated for the method of growing people are using. Our strict testing regimen in our mixing process ensures that every bag, pallet and truckload is consistent.

nutrients meant for prize-winning fruit and flower production. Deciding which one to use is more about what type of plants and at which stage of growth they are in. How do your bulk compost tea brewers work, and who gets the most use out of them? Our bulk compost tea brewers incorporate a couple different approaches at infusing oxygen into compost tea solutions. We employ continuous duty air pumps with air stones, as well as coarse air bubbles. Next up is the continuous duty water pump fitted with a venture nozzle for infusing huge amounts of oxygen while keeping everything in the tank moving. This is the key to brewing actively aerated compost tea solutions with huge populations of fungi and bacteria.

Vermicrop preparing its new warehouse during move-in week.

Pallets of Vermifire bags in the warehouse.

How do you choose which ingredients to use in your products? What standards must they meet? We source only the purest ingredients that meet our strict standards of excellence. Ingredients used must have a positive impact on our plants and not be there just to fill space. Our procurement team sources non-GMO plant products for use in our teas and soil mixes. All biological inoculants and plant food products are the best available to growers. What is your company’s current philosophy? Our current philosophy is to help people grow the best plants they have ever grown with the best products the industry has to offer. Growing the population of organic growers through the education and use of truly organic, renewable products is our passion. We continue to develop new methods of growing and sustaining biological populations in soil ecosystems around the world.

A Vermicrop loader with a delivery truck and the warehouse in the foreground.

How Vermicrop hits the road to visit stores and deliver small orders.

How important do you think “With the stresses of the everyday world, sustainability is our growrooms are little vacation spots to the indoor gardening industry hidden in our dreary apartment buildings, as a whole? giving us light and warmth on a rainy day.” Without sustainability, the industry has a very short and a rainy day. Giving ourselves, and our finite lifespan. Future generations stand children, the tools we need to provide to improve upon everything we leave for ourselves will ensure we know how behind, as we have done. Sustainability to eat from the earth when the vending is integral to everything we do in this machines stop working. industry. The indoor gardening industry was borne from the sustainability movement, and we would surely perish Is there anything happening at the without it. R&D stage that you’re at liberty to tell us about? Why do you think more individuals are We are continuing to innovate in the taking up gardening as a hobby? field of potting mediums and biological I think people are building relationinoculants for the indoor gardening and ships with plants because deep down, nursery markets. {Earlier] this year, we we know they are necessary for our wellmoved into a new, state-of-the-art facility being. With the stresses of the everyday sure to help us build the products to world, our growrooms are little vacation propel us to new heights. Keep your spots hidden in our dreary apartment eyes peeled in the next year for some buildings, giving us light and warmth on big product releases!

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

195

â&#x20AC;&#x153;

Maximum Yield connects us directly with those that matter most: growers, retailers, manufacturers and some very strategic distribution partners. Thank-you Maximum Yield for your commitment to the industry and all those in it.â&#x20AC;? - RUSS CUNNINGTON, FUTURE HARVEST

Maximum Yield Maximum Results

250.729.2677

MAX-mART

OPPORTUNITY TO PURCHASE an established, profitable business in the high growth hydroponics industry-located in New Mexico. OWNER IS WILLING TO TRAIN THE NEW OWNER FOR A PERIOD OF TIME. For additional information about this listing, please contact the representative below:

NCRE GROUP, LLC Robert Newstead | Principal 408-628-4301 (D) 408-608-0391 (F) rnewstead@ncregroup.com

200

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

201

MAX-mART

202

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

MAXIMUM YIELD distributors ALABAMA Alabama Organics 3348 Bethel Rd. Hammondville, AL 35989 256-635-0802 Hydro-Ponics Inc. (of Birmingham) 2969 Pelham Pkwy. Suite. 3 Pelham, AL 35124 205-358-3009

ALASKA Far North Garden Supply 2834 Boniface Parkway Anchorage, AK 99504 907-333-3141 Southside Garden Supply AK 12870 Old Seward Hwy., Unit 114 Anchorage, AK 99515 907-339-9997 Holmtown Nursery Inc. 1301 - 30th Ave. Fairbanks, AK 99701 907-451-8733 Sea of Green Flagstaff 204 East Route 66 Flagstaff, AZ 86001 928-774-7643 Home Grown Hydroponics 2401 East Baseline Rd. Gilbert, AZ 85234 480-633-2100 Ground Control Hydroponic & Garden Supplies 1392 Ocean Dr. Homer, AK 99603 907-235-1521 Northern Lights Greenhouse & Garden Supply Suite 105-9737 Mud Bay Rd. Ketchikan, AK 9901 907-225-GROW (4769) Mesa Hydroponics 1720 W. Southern Ave. Suite C7 Mesa, AZ 85202 480-969-4769 Alaska Jack’s Hydroponics and Garden Supply 1150 S. Colony Way, Suite 9 Palmer, AK 99645 907-746-4774 Peninsula Garden Supply AK 44224 Sterling Hwy., Suite 4 Soldotna, AK 99669 907-420-0401 Alaska Jack’s Hydroponics and Garden Supply 244 S Sylvan Way, Unit 25 Wasilla, AK 99654 907-373-4757 Far North Garden Supply 300 Centaur Street Wasilla, AK 99654 907-376-7586

ARIZONA Happy Harvesters Hydroponics 1400 S. Arizona Ave. Suite 11 Chandler, AZ 85286 480-857-8878 Arizona Hydroponics 3900 E Western Dr. #D Cottonwood, AZ 86326 928-649-1138 Sea of Green Flagstaff 204-C E. Route 66 Flagstaff, AZ 86001 928-774-SOGF (7643) Home Grown Hydroponics 2401 East Baseline Rd. Gilbert, AZ 85234 480-633-2100 The Hydro Closet 5826 West Olive Ave. #106 Glendale, AZ 85302 602-361-2049 The Grow Shop LLC 1733 E. McDowell Rd. Phoenix, AZ 85006 602-340-7591 Home Grown Hydroponics 1838 W. Bell Rd. Phoenix, AZ 85023 602-368-4005

Retail Stores listed alphabetically by city in each state.

Sea of Green West 2340 W. Bell Rd., Suite 116 Phoenix, AZ 602-504-8842

American Hydroponics 286 South G St. Arcata, CA 95521 800-458-6543

Show Low Hydroponics 1400 E. Deuce of Clubs #2 Show Low, AZ 85901 928-537-4606

Let it Grow 160 Westwood Center Arcata, CA 95521 707-822-8733 _________________________

ACI Hydroponics 1325 South Park Lane Tempe, AZ 85282 800-633-2137 Home Grown Hydroponics 1845 East Broadway Tempe, AZ 85282 480-377-9096 Sea of Green Hydroponics 1301 E. University Dr. Tempe, AZ 85281 800-266-4136 _________________________

Gonzo Grow 10297 W Van Buren St., Suite 8 Tolleson, AZ 85353 623-780-GROW (4769) _________________________ Sea of Green Hydroponics 402 North 4th Ave. Tucson, AZ 85705 520-622-6344 Sea of Green Tuscon East 7955 E. Broadway Blvd., #151. Tucson, AZ 85710 520-751-7745 _________________________

Northcoast Horticulture Supply 639 6th St. Arcata, CA 95521 707-826-9998 _________________________ Sweet Harvest Hydroponics & Organics 1041 E. Grand Ave. Arroyo Grande, CA 93420 805-473-0004 Auburn Organic 4035 Grass Valley Hwy. Auburn, CA 95602 530-823-8900 Quail Mountain Ranch 230 Palm Ave. Auburn, CA 95603 530-889-2390 Tell 2 Friends Indoor Gardening 62 Sutherland Dr. Auburn, CA 95603 530-889-8171 Bakersfield Hydroponics Bakersfield , CA 661-808-4640 Green with Envy 3903 Patton Way #103 Bakersfield, CA 93308 661-245-2616

Tucson Hydroponics & Organics 4235 W. Ina Rd., Suite 131 Tucson, AZ 85741 520-395-2052 _________________________

ARKANSAS Mickey’s Mercantile 1303 Hwy., 65 South Clinton, AR 72031 501-412-0214 Old Soul Organics and More 1771 Crossover Rd. Fayetteville, AR 72701 479-444-6955 Growfresh Organics & More 2900 Zero St., Suite 106 Fort Smith, AR 72901 479-648-8885 Fermentables 3915 Crutcher St. N. Little Rock, AR 72118 501-758-6261 Anuway Hydroponics 2711 W. Walnut St. Rogers, Arkansas 72756 479-631-0099

CALIFORNIA Greenleaf Hydroponics 1839 W Lincoln Ave. Anaheim, CA 92801 714-254-0005 Grow It Yourself Gardens 401 Sunset Dr., Suite F Antioch, CA 94509 925-755-GROW High Desert Hydroponics 13631 Pawnee Rd., #7 Apple Valley, CA 92308 760-247-2090 _________________________

A Fertile World 5565 W End Rd Arcata, CA 95521 707-825-0255 _________________________

Kern Hydroponics 2408 Brundage Lane, Suite B Bakersfield, CA 93304 661-323-7333 Super Starts PO Box 732 Bellmont, CA 94002 650-346-8009 Berkeley Indoor Garden 844 University Ave. Berkeley, CA 94710 510-549-2918 Berkeley’s Secret Garden 921 University Ave. Berkeley, CA 94710 510-486-0117 The Hydroponic Connection Berkeley 2816 San Pablo Ave. Berkeley, CA 94702 510-704-9376 _________________________

Brentwood Hydroponics & Organics 560 Valdry Ct #85 Brentwood, CA 94513 925-634-6704 _________________________ Good To Grow & Global Garden Supply 1350 Rollins Rd. Burlingame, CA 94010 650-733-4420 Advanced Garden Supply 3113 Alhambra Dr., Unit F Cameron Park, CA 95682 530-676-2100 Sky High Garden Supply 3081 Alhambra Dr., Suite 105 Cameron Park, CA 95682 530-676-4009 Precision Hydroponics 132 Kennedy Ave. Campbell, CA 95008 408-866-8176 Advanced Hydroponics 17808 Sierra Hwy. Canyon Country, CA 91351

Myron L Company 2450 Impala Dr. Carlsband, CA 9210-7226 760-438-2021; 661-299-1603 _________________________

San Diego Hydroponics North County Coastal 6352 Corte Del Abeto #J Carlsbad CA, 92011 760-420-8934 _________________________

The Greenhouse Garden Supply 7619 Fair Oak Blvd. Carmichael, CA 95608 916-515-9130 thegreenhousegardensupply.com _________________________ NorCal Creations PO Box 28, Cedar Ridge CA 95924 _________________________

The Hydro Shop of Cerritos 15961 S. Piuma Ave. Cerritos CA 90703 562-653-0700 _________________________ Garden Connection, The 629 Entler Ave. #32 Chico, CA 95928 530-342-7762 Hydro King 2540 South Whitman Place Chico, CA 959282 530-893-GROW (4769) Grow4Less Garden Supply & Hydroponics 320 Trousdale Dr., Suite L Chula Visa, CA 91910 619-425-GROW Mothers Earth 871 Harold Place. #108 Chula Vista, CA 91914 619-240-3235 _________________________

San Diego Hydroponics North 645 Marsat Court #101 Chula Vista, CA 91911 619-737-9272 _________________________ Citrus Heights Hydrogarden 8043 Greenback Lane Citrus Heights, CA 95610 916-728-4769 Green Thumb Hydroponics 6412 Tupelo Dr. Citrus Heights, CA 95621 916-721-6969 Conrad Hydroponics Inc. 14915 Unit E, Olympic Dr. Clearlake, CA 95422 707-994 3264 Under The Sun 13361 East Highway 20 Clearlake Oaks, CA 95423 707-998-GROW G & G Organics and Hydroponics 901 W. Victoria Street Unit D Compton, CA 90220 310-632-0122 Concord Indoor Garden 2771 Clayton Rd. Concord, CA 94519 925-671-2520 Hydroponics Plus 2250 Commerce Ave., Suite C Concord, CA 94520 925-691-7615 123 Grow 2175 Sampson Ave. #123, Corona, CA 92879 951-280-9232

Hydrostar Hydroponics & Organics 1307 W. Sixth St., #211 Corona, CA 92882 951-479-8069 _________________________

The Hydro Spot 21785 Temescal Cyn Rd. Corona, CA 92883 _________________________ A+ Hydroponics & Organics 1604 Babcock St. Costa Mesa, CA 92627 949-642-7776 The Hydro Source 671 E. Edna Pl. Covina, CA 91723 877 HYDRO 82; 626-915-3128 Let it Grow 1228 2nd St. Crescent City, CA 95531 707-464-9086 Pacific Coast Hydroponics 4147 Sepulveda Boulevard Culver City, CA 90230 310-313-1354 Dr. Greenthumbs Hydroponic Garden Supplies 566 San Ramon Valley Blvd. Danville, CA 94526 925-314-9376 Constantly Growing - Davis 123 D St. Davis, CA 95616 530-756-4774 Central Valley Gardening 9884 Stephens St. Delhi, CA 95315 209-668-2178 Constantly Growing 6200 Enterprise Dr., Suite A Diamond Springs, CA 95619 530-642-9710 Appleseed Hydroponics 6650 Merchandise Way, Suite B Diamond Springs, CA 95619 530-622-5190 Victory Garden Supply 1900 N Lincoln St., #100 Dixon, CA 95620 707-678-5800 Watch it Grow Hydro 9453 Firestone Blvd. Downey, CA USA 562-861-1928 Grow A Lot Hydroponics, San Diego 1591 N. Cuyamaca St. El Cajon, CA 93612 619-749-6777 Indoor Garden Solution Inc. 12424 Exline St. El Monte, CA 91732 626-453-0443 Go Green Hydroponics 15721 Ventura Boulevard Encino, CA 91436 818-990-1198 _________________________

A Fertile World (Eureka) 6th St. Eureka, CA 95501 707-444-0200 _________________________ Bayside Garden Supply 4061 Highway 101 Ste 6 Eureka, CA 95503 707-826-7435 ________________________

Humboldt Hydroponics 1302 Union St. Eureka, CA 95501 707-443-4304 _________________________

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

203

MAXIMUM YIELD distributors _________________________

_________________________

Northcoast Horticulture Supply 60 West 4th St. Eureka, CA 95501 707-444-9999 _________________________

Roots Grow Supply 1330 North Hulbert, #101 Fresno, CA 93728 559-840-0122 _________________________

Happy Green Lawn Care 3890 Walnut Dr. Eureka, CA 95534 707-497-6186

North Side Garden Supply 4529 N. Marty, Suite 102 Fresno, CA 93722 559-495-1140

Constantly Growing 4301 Hazel Ave. Fair Oaks, CA 95628 916-962-0043

Full Scale Soil & Hydro 2501 Business Park, Suite A Fresno, CA 93727 559 292 ROOT

Fallbrook Hydro 208 E Mission Rd., Suite B Fallbrook, CA 92028 760-728-4769 Tulare County Growers Supply 435 W. Noble Ave., Unit A Farmersville, CA 93223 559-732-8247 Santa Cruz Hydroponics & Organics - North 6241 Graham Hill Rd. Felton, CA 95018 831-335-9000 _________________________

Eel River Hydroponics & Soil Supply 164 Dinsmore Dr. Fortuna, CA 95540 707-726-0395 _________________________ The Shop 8635 Mirabel Rd. Forestville, CA 95436 866-223-0198; 707-887-2280 Dirt Cheap Hydroponics 17975 H Hwy. 1 Fort Bragg, CA 95437 707-964-4211 Headlands Garden Supply 630 North Franklin St. Fort Bragg, CA 95437 707-964-4447

Valley Hydroponics 207 E. Sierra Ave. Fresno, CA 93710 559-449-0426 Grow Wurks Hydroponics 765 S. State College Blvd., Suite J Fullerton, CA 92831 714-253-Grow (4769) SB Hydro 1109 W. 190th St., Unit #F Gardena, CA 90248 310-538-5788 Golden Gecko Garden Center 4665 Marshall Rd. Garden Valley, CA 95633 530-333-2394 Probiotic Solutions 20889 Geyserville Ave. Geyserville, CA 95441 707-354-4342 South Valley Hydroponics 320 Kishimura Dr., #3 Gilroy, CA 95020 866-848-GROW _________________________

Northcoast Horticulture Supply 357 Main St. Fortuna, CA 95540 707-725-5550 _________________________ Nature’s Secret Garden and Supply 41451 Albrae St. Fremont, CA 94577 510-623-8393 _________________________

Gro More Garden Supply & Hydroponics Gro More Garden Supply & Hydroponics 2686 Clovis Ave., Suite 109 Fresno, CA 93727 559-348-1055 _________________________

204

All Seasons Hydroponics 17614 Chatsworth St. Granada Hills, CA 91344 818-368-4388 Dirt Cheap Hydroponic 151 N 7th St. #4 Grover Beach, CA 93433 805-473-3478 Growers Choice Hydroponics 42089 Watkins St. Hayward, CA 94544 510-278-6200 M.G.S. 22540 D FoothillBlvd. Hayward, CA 94541 510-582-0900 American Ave Hydroponics 1208 W. Winton Ave. Hayward, CA 94545 510-785-4376 Thrive Hydroponics 30-A Mill St. Healdsburg, CA 95448 707-433-4068 Bear Valley Hydroponics & Homebrewing 17455 Bear Valley Rd. Hesperia, CA 92345 760-949-3400 Emerald Garden 13325 South Hwy. 101 Hopland, CA 95482 707-744-8300 Surf City Hydroponics 7391 Warner Ave., Suite B Huntington Beach, CA 92647 714-847-7900 Hydroluv Hydroponics 16582 Gothard St. Huntington Beach, CA 92647 714-916-0428 Dutch Garden Supplies Park Circle, Suite 12 Irvine, CA 92614 949-748-8777 West Coast Hydroponics, Inc. 27665 Forbes Rd., Unit 10 Laguna Niguel, CA 92677 949-348-2424

Zen Hydroponics 1801 Victory Blvd. Glendale, CA 91201 877 ZEN Grow; 818-806-4500 _________________________

Hydrogarden Mendocino County 1240 North Main St. Fort Bragg, CA 95437 707-962-9252 _________________________

A Fertile World (Fortuna) 610 7th St. Fortuna, CA 95540 707-725-0700 _________________________

Retail Stores listed alphabetically by city in each state.

Grass Valley Hydrogarden 12506 Loma Rica Dr. Grass Valley, CA 95945 530-477-2996 grassvalleyhydrogarden.com _________________________

AG Natural 403 Idaho Maryland Rd. Grass Valley, CA 95945 530-274 0990 _________________________

Vital Landscaping Inc. 12817 Loma Rica Dr. Grass Valley, CA 95945 530-273-3187 _________________________ West Coast Growers Hydroponics 13481 Colifax Hwy. Grass Valley, CA 95945 888-924-4769 Joy’s Green Garden Supply 340-A Elm Ave. Greenfield, CA 93927 831-674-1416

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Hydro Life Hydroponics 18109 E Valley Blvd. La Puente, CA 91744 626-581-8800 La Habra Hydroponics 1301 S Beach Blvd., Suite O La Habra, CA 90631 562-947-8383 _________________________

Grass Roots Hydroponics 31875 Corydon, Suite 130 Lake Elsinore, CA 92530 951-245-2390 _________________________

_________________________

Total Hydroponics Center Inc 4820 Paramount Blvd. Lakewood, CA 90712 562-984-GROW (4769) _________________________

Hydro Bros. 1471 B St., Suite F Livingston, CA 95334 209-394-7319 _________________________

Clover Hydroponics & Garden Supply 43 Soda Bay Rd. Lakeport, CA 95453 707-263-4000 _________________________

Green Coast Hydroponics 3865 Grand View Blvd. Los Angeles, CA90066 310-398-0700 _________________________ Green Door Hydro and Solar 830 Traction Ave. Los Angeles, CA 90013 212-625-1323 Hardman Hydroponics 3511 Youree Dr., Shreveport Los Angeles, CA 71105 318-865-0317

Weather Top Nursery 44901 Harmon Dr. Laytonville, CA 95454 707-984-6385

Hollywood Hydroponics & Organics 5109 1/2 Hollywood Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90027-6105 323-662-1908

Livermore Hydroponics 22 Rickenbacker Crl. S Livermore, CA 94551 925-454-9376

Hydroasis 2643 S. Fairfax Ave. Los Angeles, CA 90232 888-355-4769 LAX Hydro

DL Wholesale 6764 Preston Ave., Suite D Livermore, CA 94551 510-550-0018 _________________________

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 6485 Brisa St. Livermore, CA 94550 888-570-4678 (Southern CA) _________________________ VIP Garden Supply 203 Commerce St., Suite 101 Lodi, CA 95240 209-339-9950 Valley Rock Landscape Supply 2222 N H St. Lompoc, CA 93436 805-736-0841; 805-735-5921 562 Hydro Shop 717 East Artesia Blvd. Long Beach, CA 90805 562-726-1101 _________________________

Grow Light Express 5318 East Second St., Suite 164 Long Beach, CA 90803 888-318-GROW _________________________

Long Beach Hydroponics & Organics

1772 Clark Ave.

San Diego Hydroponics East County 11649 Riverside Dr., Suite 141 Lakeside, CA 92040 619-562-3276 _________________________

Green Coast Hydroponics 16705 Roscoe Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 91406 818-672-8880 _________________________

Big Daddy Garden Supply 42400 Hwy. 101 Laytonville, CA 95454 707-984-7181

Green Coast Hydroponics 2405 Mira Mar Ave. Long Beach, CA 90815 562-627-5636 _________________________ South County Hydroponics 22511 Aspan St., Suite A Lake Forest, CA 92630 949-837-8252 _________________________

_________________________

Long Beach, CA 90815 562-498-9525 _________________________ Atwater Hydroponics 3350 Glendale Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90039 323-663-8881

10912 S. La Cienaga Boulevard Los Angeles, CA 90304 310-337-6995 Nirvana Hydroponics 340 South San Pedro Los Angeles, CA 90013 310-795-2914 _________________________

Sunland Hydroponics 4136 Eagle Rock Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90065 323-254-2800 _________________________

Superior Hydroponic Supply 5651 Hollywood Blvd. Los Angeles,CA 90028 323-465-grow (4769) _________________________ Green Giant Hydroponics 7183 Hwy. 49 Unit B Lotus, CA 95651 530-622-4465 Big Momma’s 11455 Clayton Creek Rd. Lower Lake, CA 95457 707-994-1788 California Green Hydroponics 16491 Rd., 26, Suite 101 Madera, CA 93638 559-674-1400 Grow 22333 Pacific Coast Hwy., Suite 101 Malibu, CA 90265 310-456-2910 Deep Roots Garden Center & Flower Shop 207 N. Sepulveda Blvd. Manhattan Beach, CA 90266 310-376-0567 B & S Gardening Supplies 592 Commerce Court Manteca, CA 95336 209-239-8648 Monterey Bay Horticulture Supply 218 Reindollar Ave., Suite 7A Marina, CA 93933 831-38-HYDRO

Two Chix Garden Supply 1230 Yuba St. Marysville, CA 95901 530-923-2536 _________________________

Northcoast Horticulture Supply 1580 Nursery Way McKinleyville, CA 95519 707-839-9998 _________________________ Mendocino Garden Shop 44720 Maint St. (at Hwy. 1) Mendocino, CA 95460 707-937-3459 Hooked Up Hydroponics 1004 W. 15th St. Suite B & C Merced, CA 95340 209-723-1300 Indoor/Outdoor Garden Supply 1501 W. Main St. Merced, CA 95340 209-580-4425

_________________________

Endless Green Hydroponics 25 Enterprise Court, Suite 3 Napa, CA 94558 707-254-0200 _________________________ Wyatt Supply 4407 Solano Ave. Napa, CA 94558 707-251-3747 _________________________

Conejo Hydroponics 3481 Old Conejo Rd., #106 Newbury Park, CA 91320 805-480-9596 _________________________

The Urban Farmer Store 653 E. Blithedale Ave. Mill Valley, CA 94941 415-380-3840

Big Momma’s 2581 Stokes Ave. Nice, CA 95464 707-274-8369

Hydroponics Inc. 3811 Wacker Dr. Mira Loma, CA 91752 951-685-4769

Foothill Hydroponics 10705 Burbank Blvd. N. Hollywood, CA 91601 818-760-0688

Mission Viejo Hydroponics 24002 Via Fabricante Suite 502 Mission Viejo, CA 92691 949-380-1894 Central Valley Gardening 509 Winmoore Way, Suite T Modesto, CA 95358 209-537-GROW Coca’s Central Valley Hydroponics 116 West Orangeburg Ave. Modesto, CA 95350 209-567-0590 _________________________

One Stop Hydroponics 12822 Victory Blvd North Hollywood, CA 91606 818-980-5855 Lumatek Digital Ballasts 33 Commercial Boulevard, Suite B Novato, CA 94949 415-233-4273 Marin Hydroponics 1219 Grant Ave. Novato, CA 94945 415-897-2197 Roots Grow Supply 40091 Enterprise Dr. Oakhurst, CA 93644 559-683-6622

Hydro Bros. 521 Winmoore Way, Suite A Modesto, CA 95358 209-537-8220 _________________________ Growers Choice Hydroponics 1100 Carver Rd. #20 Modesto, CA 95350 209-522-2727 Year Round Garden Supply 11000 Carver Rd. #20 Modesto, CA 95350 209-522-2727 _________________________

Green Light Hydroponics 2615 Honolula Ave. Montrose, CA 91020 818-640-2623 _________________________ 247 Garden 1101 Monterey Pass Rd., Unit B Monterey Park, CA 91754 323-318-2600 South Bay Hydroponics and Organics - Mtn. View 569 East Evelyn Ave. Mountain View, CA 94041 650-968-4070 Murphys Hydroponics & Organics 785 Murphys Creek Rd., Suite C2 Murphys, CA 95247 209-728-8058 Redwood Garden Supply 55 Myers Ave. Myers Flat, CA 95554 707-943-1515

3rd Street Hydroponics 692 4th St. Oakland, CA 94607 510-452-5521 Medicine Man Farms 1602 53rd Ave. Oakland, CA 94601 707-980-0456

_________________________

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 1950 C South Grove Ave. Ontario, CA 91761 888-888-3319 _________________________

Hydroponics Unlimited 641 W. Palmdale Blvd., D Palmdale, CA 93550 661-266-3906 _________________________

Palm Tree Hydroponics 2235 E 4th St., Suite G Ontario, CA 91764 909-941-9017 _________________________

RH Distribution 1751 S. Pointe Ave. Ontario, CA 91761 888-545-8112 _________________________

Green Coast Hydroponics 496 Meats Ave. Orange, CA 92865 714-974-4769 _________________________ Greenback Garden Supply 9341 Greenback Ln., Suite C Orangevale, CA 95662 530-391-4329 _________________________

Advanced Soil & Garden Supply 350 Oro Dam Blvd. Oroville, CA 95965 530-533-2747 _________________________ Igro Hydro 2280 Veatch St. Oroville, CA 95965 530-534-4476 Orville Organic Gardens 5250 Olive Hwy., Suite 1 Oroville, CA 95966 530-589-9950 Amazon Garden Supply 29 Ridge View Lane Oroville, CA 95966 530-589-5054

Plant-N-Grow 1602 53rd Ave. Oakland, CA 94601 707-980-0456

Amazon Greenlight 521 Cal Oak Rd. Oroville, CA 95966 530-534-4769

Hydrobrew 1319 South Coast Hwy. Oceanside, CA 92054 760-966-1885; 877-966-GROW

Amazon Growing Needs 5369 Old Olive Hwy. Oroville, CA 95966 530-589-9850

Socal Hydroponics 1727-B Oceanside Blvd. Oceanside, CA 92054 760-439-1084 Cultivate Ontario 2000 Grove Ave. #a110 Ontario, CA 91761 909-781-6142

US Orchid & Hydroponic Supplies 1621 South Rose Ave. Oxnard, CA 93033 805-247-0086 Pacifica Hydroponics 90 Eureka Square Pacifica, CA 94044 650-355-5100 _________________________

Flairform 1751 S Pointe Ave. Ontario, CA 91761 213-596-8820 _________________________

Green Coast Ontario Unit 102-103 1920 S. Rochester Ave. Ontario, CA 909-605-5777 _________________________

Turbo Grow 1889 San Pablo Ave. Pinole, CA 94564 510-724-1291 Hillside Hydro & Garden 4570 Pleasant Valley Rd. Placerville CA 95662 530-644-1401 All Elements Hydroponics & Gardening Supply 5623 Motherlode Dr. Placerville, CA 95667 530-642-4215

DNA Hydroponics Inc 19345 North Indian Canyon Dr., Suite 2-F North Palm Springs, CA 92258 760-671-5872 _________________________

IGS Hydroponics & Organics 57 California Ave., Suite 1 Pleasonton CA 94566 925-426-GROW Best Yield Garden Supply 3503 West Temple Ave., Unit A Pomona, CA 91768 909-839-0505 Mission Hydroponics 1236 East Mission Pomona, CA 91766 909-620-7099

Green Bros Hydroponics 14072 Osborne St. Panorama City, CA 91402 818-891-0200 _________________________ Mission Hydroponics 1236 East Mission Pomona, CA 91766 909-620-7099 New Leaf Hydro 34150 123rd St. Parablossom, CA 93553 661-944-2226 Alternative Hydro 3870 East, Colorado Blvd. Pasadena, CA 91107 888-50-HYDRO

Emerald Garden 8249 Archibald Ave. Ranch Cucamanga, CA 91730 909-466-3796 Radiant Roots Gardening & Hydroponics 1394 S Pacific Coast Hwy. Redondo Beach, CA 90277 310-540-2005 _________________________

The Hydro Shop of Redondo Beach 1304 S. Pacific Coast Hwy Redondo Beach, CA 90277 310-540-2005 _________________________

365 Hydroponics 2062 Lincoln Ave. Pasadena, CA 91103 626-345-9015 Garden All Year Inc. 3850 Ramada Dr., Unit D2 Paso Robles, CA 93446 805-434-2333 Supersonic Hydroponic & Organic Garden Supply 3850 Ramada Dr., Unit D2 Paso Robles, CA 93446 805-434-2333 Foothills Hydrogarden 3133 Penryn Rd. Penryn, CA 95663 916-270-2413 _________________________

Dazey’s Supply 3082 Redwood Dr. Redway, CA 95560 707-923-3002 _________________________ Shadow Valley Aquatics 75 Kimick Way Red Bluff, CA 96080 530-526-0479 Bare Roots Hydroponics 1615 East Cypress, #5 Redding, CA 96002 530-244-2215 Humboldt Hydroponics 2010 Tunnel Rd. Redway, CA 95560 707-923-1402

Four Seasons Landscape Materials 17115 Penn Valley Dr. Penn Valley, CA 95946 530-432-9906 _________________________

Funny Farms Hydroponics 963 Transport Way, #12 Petaluma, CA 94954 707-775-3111 _________________________ House of Hydro 224 Weller St., #B Petaluma, CA 94952 707-762-4769

America’s Best Hydroponics & Gardening Center 641 W. Palmdale Blvd., Unit D Palmdale, CA 93551 661-266-3906 _________________________

JNJ Hydroponics 4774 Phelan Rd., Suite 2 Phelan, CA 92371 760-868-0002

Wyatt Supply 1016 Lakeville St Petaluma, CA 94952 707-762-3747 Deep Roots Hydroponics 830 Perry Lane Petaluma CA 94954-5320 707-776-2800

Redway Feed Garden & Pet Supply 290 Briceland Rd. Redway, CA 95560 707-923-2765 Sylvandale Gardens 1151 Evergreen Rd. Redway, CA 95560 707-923-3606 Hydro King 105 Hartnell Ave., Suite C and D Redding, CA 96002 888-822-8941 Orsa Organix 111 Willow St. Redwood City, CA 94063 650-369-1269 _________________________

Mendocino Greenhouse & Garden Supply 960 East School Way Redwood Valley, CA 95470 707-485-0668 _________________________

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

205

MAXIMUM YIELD distributors Hydro Hills Hydroponics 19320 Vanowen St. Reseda, CA 91335 Hi-Tech Gardening 5327 Jacuzzi St., #282 Richmond, CA 94804 510-524-4710 The Urban Farmer Store 2121 San Joaquin St. Richmond, CA 94804 510-524-1604 _________________________

Discount Hydroponics 4745 Hiers Ave. Riverside, CA 92505 877-476-9487 _________________________ All Ways Hydro 2220 Eastridge Ave., Suite C Riverside, CA 92507 888-HYDRO98 Calwest Hydroponics 11620 Sterling Ave., Suite A Riverside, CA 92503 800-301-9009 Hydro Depot 5665 Redwood Dr., #B Rohnert Park, CA 94928 707-584-2384 Murphy’s Hydropincs & Organics 799 W. Stocktan St. Sanora, CA 95370 209-532-2022 Constantly Growing 1918 16th St. Sacramento, CA 95811 916-448-1882 Green Acres Hydroponics 1215 Striker Ave., Suite 180 Sacramento, CA 95834 916-419-4394 Greenfire Sacramento 3230 Auburn Blvd. Sacramento, CA 95821 916-485-8023 Green Thumb Hydroponics 1537 Fulton Ave. Sacramento, CA 95825 916-934-2476 Green Thumb Hydroponics 35 Quinta Court, Suite B Sacramento, CA 95823 916-689-6464 _________________________

KY Wholesale 8671 Elder Creek Rd. #600 Sacramento, CA 95828 916-383-3366 _________________________

_________________________

Reforestation Technologies International 1341 Daton St., Unit G Salinas, CA 93901 800-784-4769 _________________________

San Diego Hydroponics Beach Cities 4122 Napier St. San Diego, CA 92110 619-276-0657 _________________________

Xtreme Gardening 1341 Dayton St., Annex B Salinas, CA 93901 800-784-4769 _________________________

National Garden Wholesale / Sunlight Supply 1900 Bendixsen St., Bldg. 1 Samoa, CA 95564 800-683-1114 (Northern CA) _________________________ Greenmile Hydroponic Garden Supply 1480 South E. St., Suite D San Bernardino, CA 92408 909-885-5919 Pure Food Gardening/Microclone 830 H Bransten Rd. San Carlos, CA 94070-3338

Sac Hydroponics 9529 Folson Blvd., Suite C Sacramento, CA 95827 916-369-7968 Skywide Import & Export Ltd. 5900 Lemon Hill Ave. Sacramento, CA 95824 916-383-2369 Tradewinds Wholesale Garden Supplies 1235 Striker Ave. #180 Sacramento, CA 95834 888-557-8896 Green Joint Ventures 61 Tarp Circle Salinas, CA 93901 831-998-8628

206

Direct Hydroponics Wholesale 1034 W. Arrow Hwy. #D San Dimas, CA 91773 888-924-9376 _________________________

House of Hydroponics 732 W. Arrow Hwy. San Dimas, CA 91773 877-592-5111; 909-592-5111 _________________________ Liquid Gardens 1034 West Arrow Hwy. #D San Dimas, CA 91773 888-924-9376 Hydro Depot 2090 Cesar Chavez St. San Francisco, CA 94124 415-282-5200 Plant It Earth Warehouse 1 Dorman Ave. San Francisco, CA 94124 415-970-2465 _________________________

Green Gopher Garden Supply 679 Redwood Ave., Suite A Sand City, CA 93955 831-899-0203 Modern Gardens 26620 Valley Center Dr., Unit #104 Santa Clarita, CA 91351 661-513-4733 Best Coast Growers 4417 Glacier Ave., Suite C San Diego, CA 92120 800-827-1876 City Farmer’s Nursery 4832 Home Ave San Diego, CA 92105 619-284-6358 Home Brews & Gardens 3176 Thorn St. San Diego, CA 92104 619-630-2739 Indoor Garden Depot 1848 Commercial St. San Diego, CA 92113 619-255-3552 Innovative Growing Solutions (IGS) 5060 Santa Fe St., Suite D San Diego, CA 92109 858-578-4477 _________________________

J Street HydroGarden 2321 J St. Sacramento, CA 95816 916-444-4473 Mystic Gardens 8484 Florin Rd., #110 Sacramento, CA 95828 916-381-2464

Retail Stores listed alphabetically by city in each state.

Mighty Garden Supply 4780 Mission Gorge Pl. #A-1 San Diego, CA 92120 619-287-3238 _________________________ Miramar Hydroponics & Organics 8952 Empire St. San Diego, CA 92126 858-549-8649 _________________________

Oracle Garden Supply 5755 Oberlin Dr., Suite 100 San Diego, CA 92121 858-558-6006 _________________________

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Grow Your Own Hydroponics & Organics - West 3401 Taraval St. San Francisco, CA 94116 415-731-2115 _________________________ The Hydroponic Connection Warehouse, 1995 Evans Ave. San Francisco, CA 94124 415-824-9376

Hahn’s Lighting 260 E. VA Suite 1 San Jose, CA 95112 408-295-1755 Rasa Hydroponics 5725 Winfield Blvd., Suite 8 San Jose, CA 95123 408-227-7272 Urban Gardens 1999 Monterey Rd. San Jose, CA 95125 408-298-8081 Plant Life 32 Race St. San Jose, CA 95126 408-283-9191 Hydrofarm, Inc. 2249 South McDowell Ext. Petaluma, CA 94954 800-634-9990

Urban Gardens. 704 Filbert St. San Francisco, CA 94133 415-421-4769 _________________________ San Francisco Hydro 123 Tenth St. San Francisco, CA 94103 Urban Gardens 1394 Lowrie St. San Francisco, CA 94080 650-588-5792 The Urban Farmer Store 2833 Vicente St. San Francisco, CA 94116 415-661-2204 US Garden 417 Agostinio Rd. San Gabriel, CA 91776 626 285-5009 Inland Empire Hydrogarden 1301-C South State St. San Jancinto, CA 92853

Urban Grow Systems 204 N Quarantina St. Santa Barbara, CA 93103 805-637-6699 _________________________

Santa Clarita Valley Hydroponics 25835 Railroad Ave. #26 Santa Clarita, CA 91350 661-255-3700; 661-255-3701 _________________________

Hydrofarm Southwest 12991 Leffingwell Rd. Santa Fe Springs, CA 90670 800-634-9990

California Hydroponics 310 Coral St., Suite C Santa Cruz, CA 95060 831-423-4769

South Bay Hydroponics and Organics - San Jose 1185 South Bascom Ave. San Jose, CA 95128 408-292-4040

Hydro-Logic Purification Systems 370 Encinal St., Suite 150 Santa Cruz, CA 95060 888-H2O-LOGIC

Beach Cities Hydroponics 33155 Camino Capistrano Unit F. San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675 949-493-4200 D&S Garden Supplies 17-130 Doolittle Dr. San Leandro, CA 94577 510-430-8589 Hydrogarden Delight 13762 Doolittle Dr. San Leandro, CA 94577 510-903-1808 Central Coast Hydrogarden 1951 Santa Barbara St. San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 805-544-GROW Healthy Harvest Hydroponics and Organics 2958 S. Higuera St. San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 805-596-0430 _________________________

The Hydroponic Connection San Francisco 1549 Custer Ave. San Francisco, CA 94124 415-864-9376 Nor Cal Hydroponics 4837 Geary Blvd. San Francisco, CA 94118 415-933-8262 _________________________

_________________________

San Diego Hydroponics North County Inland 802 N. Twin Oaks Valley Road #108 San Marcos, CA 92069 760-510-1444 _________________________ Marin Hydroponics 721 Francisco Blvd. East San Rafael, CA 94901 415-482-8802 San Rafael Hydroponics 1417 Fourth St. San Rafael, CA 94901 415-455-9655 _________________________

Green Coast Hydroponics 135 Nogal Dr. Santa Barbara, CA 93110 805-898-9922 _________________________

Santa Cruz Hydroponics & Organics - West Side 815 Almar Ave., Unit K Santa Cruz, CA 95060 831-466-9000 _________________________

Glow Hydroponics 124-H Blossom Hill Rd. San Jose, CA 95123 408-455-7720 _________________________ Big Daddy Garden Supply 3236 Dutton Ave. Santa Rosa, CA 95407 707-535-0996 Deep Roots Hydroponics 3715 Santa Rosa Ave. Suite A2 Santa Rosa, CA 95407 707-540-0773 Gottagrow Garden Supply 769 Wilson St. Santa Rosa, CA 95404 707-544-7782 _________________________

Green Logic Garden Supply 860 Piner Rd, #38 Santa Rosa, CA 95403 707-843-3156 _________________________ Hydro Depot 13 West 3rd St. Santa Rosa, CA 95401 707-542-3866 Organic Bountea 1919 Dennis Lane Santa Rosa, CA 95403 800-798-0765 Sonoma Hydro LLC 3535 Industrial Dr., Suite B2-3 Santa Rosa, CA 95403 707-544-3383

Nutes Int’l 204 N Quarantina St. Santa Barbara, CA 93103 805-687-6699

Wyatt Supply 747 Yolanda Ave. Santa Rosa, CA 95404 707-578-3747

Planet Earth Hydroponics 102 East Haley St. Santa Barbara, CA 93101 805-899-0033

Next Generation Hydroponics 10658 Prospect Ave., Suite A Santee, CA 92071 619-438 2415

_________________________

Santa Rosa Hydroponics 4880 Sonoma Hwy. Santa Rosa, CA 707-595-1340 Santa Rosa Hydroponics 4130 S Moorland Ave. Santa Rosa, CA 707-584-9370 _________________________ Santee Hydroponics 7949 Mission Gorge Rd. Santee, CA 92071 619-270-8649 Gardening Unlimited 60 Old El Pueblo Rd. Scotts Valley, CA 95066 831-457-1236 Deep Roots Hydroponics 2661 Gravenstein Hwy. S #E Sebastopol, CA 95472-8200 707-829-7668 Hydro Depot 6731 Sebastopol Ave. Sebastopol, CA 95472 707-829-1510

________________________

HomeGrown Indoor Garden Supply 681 A Grider Way Stockton, CA 95210 209-477-4447 ________________________ Golden Harvest Hydroponics & Garden Supply 8626 Lower Sacramento Road #48 Stockton, CA 95210 209-951-3550 M&M Garden Supply 2509 West Lane, Suite B Stockton, CA 95205 209-939-0664 Pacific Ave Indoor Garden Supply 4633 Pacific Ave Stockton, CA 95207 209-955-0945 Hydroponics Depot 8712 Sunland Blvd. Sun Valley, CA 91352 818-771-0600 ________________________

Beyond Hydro Inc. 12639 San Fernando Rd. Sylmar, CA 91342 818-362-5373 loom Brothers Garden Supply, Inc. 3293 Industry Dr. Signal Hill, CA 90755 562-494-0060 ________________________

Advanced Garden Supply 2660 Lake Tahoe Blvd. Building C, Unit 9 S. Lake Tahoe, CA 96150 530-541-4769 ________________________ Farm Hydroponics, The 1950 Lake Tahoe Boulevard #3 S. Lake Tahoe, CA 96150 530-541-3276 Valley Hydro and Organics 19230 Sonoma Hwy. Sonoma, CA 95476 707-396-8734 Motherlode Hydroponics and Organics 799 W Stockton St. Sonora, CA 95370 209-532-2022 Santa Cruz Hydroponics & Organics - East Side 4000 Cordelia Lane Soquel, CA 95073 831-475-9900 East County Hydroponics 9903 Campo Rd. Spring Valley, CA 91977 619-825-5097 ________________________

Orange County Hydroponics 12797 Beach Blvd. Stanton, CA 90680 714-893-9493 ________________________

Evergreen Farm Feed and Garden 1131 Main St. Weaverville, CA 96093 530-623-2884

Hooked Up Hydroponics 339 S. Golden State Blvd. Turlock, CA 95380 209-668-1300

Art of Hydro 5740 Corsa Ave. #102 Westlake Village, CA 91362 818-865-2227

Big Daddy Garden Supply 310 Mason St. Ukiah, CA 95482 707-467-9234 Emerald Garden 307 East Perkins St. Ukiah, CA 95482 707-463-2510 HydroPacific - Hydroponics & Garden Supplies 351 C Hastings Ave. Ukiah, CA 95482 707-467-0400

Tahoe Garden Supply 645 Westlake Blvd., Suite 2 Tahoe City, CA 96145 530-581-3200 The Otherside Hydroponics 19425 Ventura Blvd. Tarzana, CA 91356 818-881-HYDRO (4937) ________________________

GreenWay Hydroponics 11510 Whittier Blvd. Whittier, CA 90601

Hydroponics 4 Less 41669 Winchester Ave. Temecula, CA 92590 800-A1-HYDRO Inland Empire Hydrogarden 28822 Old Town Front St. #206 Temecula, CA 92590 886-74-HYDRO

Lazy Gardeners Hydroponics ‘N’ More 14626 East Whittier Blvd. Whittier, CA 90605 562-945-0909 Garden Spout, The 260 Margie Dr. Willits, CA 95490 707-456-0196

Green Coast 16705 Roscoe Blvd. Van Nuys, CA 91406 818-672-8880 ________________________ Hydroponics Market 15816 Arminta St. Van Nuys, CA 91406 818-305-6261; 886-72-HYDRO

Grass Roots Hydroponics 27250 Madison Ave. Suite C Temecula, CA 92590 951-296-1090 ________________________

Hydronation 2491 Boatman Dr., Suite B West Sacramento, CA 95691 916-372-4444

Wyatt Supply 2200 N. State St. Ukiah, CA 95482 707-462-7473

North Bay Hydroponics 1650 Lewis Brown Dr. Vallejo, CA 94589 707-647-0774 ________________________

Kinney Nursery 4115 Rowles Rd. Vina, CA 96092 530-839-2196 ________________________

BWGS-CA 7530 W. Sunnyview Ave. Visalia, CA 93291 888-316-1306 ________________________

805 Hydroponics & Organics 1785 E. Thousand Oaks Blvd. Thousand Oaks, CA 91362 805-494-1785

The Green Shop 66420 Mooney Blvd., Suite 1 Visalia, CA 93277 559-688-4200

Green Thumb Lighting & Garden 1647 W. Sepulveda Blvd., Unit 5 Torrance, CA 90501 888-326-GROW

Kaweah Grower Supply 1106 1/2 N. Ben Maddox Way Visalia, CA 93293 559-625-4937

Los Angeles Hydroponics & Organics 3007-3009 W. Artesia Blvd. Torrance, CA 90504 310-323-4937

Greentrees Hydroponics Inc. 2581 Pioneer Ave., Unit D Vista, CA 92081 760-598-7551

Growers Choice Hydroponics 470 W. Larch Road #1 Tracy, CA 95304 209-833-1212

Home Life Hydroponics and Organics 1745 East Vista Way Vista, CA 92084 760-643-2150

Anything Grows 10607 W. River St., Bldg. 3 Suite C Truckee, CA 96161 530-582-0479

Specialty Garden Supply 7 Hangar Way, Suite B Watsonville, CA 95075 831-768-0420

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 3550 B Odessa Way Aurora, CO 80011 866-877-4188 (Northeast) _________________________

No Stress Hydroponics 7543 Santa Monica Blvd. West Hollywood, CA 90046 323-845-9874

Flower Hut Nursery 603 4th St. Wheatland, CA 95692 530-633-4526

TNC Supply 9490 Main St., P.O. Box 763 Upper Lake, CA 95485 707-275-9565 ________________________

The Grofax 25797 Conifer Rd. #A-8 Aspen Park, CO 80433 303-838-5520 ________________________

California Hydro Garden 1043 S. Glendora Ave., Suite A West Covina, CA 91790 626-813-0868

Northcoast Hydrogardens 3450 North State St. Ukiah, CA 95482 707-462-7214

Sunland Hydroponics 8300 Foothill Blvd. Sunland, CA 91040 818-352-5300 ________________________ South Bay Hydroponics & Organics - Sunnyvale 1205 W. El Camino Real Sunnyvale, CA 94087 650 968 4070

We Grow Hydroponics 3350 East Los Angeles Ave. Simi Valley, CA 93063 805-624-4566 ________________________

Garden Depot Hydroponics 1460 Freitas Park Turlock, CA 95380 209-250-0101

Jolly Rancher 399 Business Park Ctr., Suite 205 Windsor, CA 95492 707-838-0842 Green Acres 20946 Victory Blvd. Woodland Hills, CA 91367

Nick’s Garden Center 2001 S. Chambers Aurora, CO 80014 303-696-6657 ________________________

The Big Tomato Indoor Garden Supply 14440 E. 6th Ave. Aurora, CO 80011 303-364-4769 ________________________ Aurora Hydroponic LLC 4250 S Chambers Rd. Aurora, CO 80014 303-400-6941 The Hydro Store 6695 Wadsworth Blvd. #C Arvada, CO 80004 720-328-3746 Rooted Hydroponics & Organics – Vail 910 Nottingham Road Unit N-11 & N-12 Avon, CO 81620 970-748-1222

Sparetime Supply 208 E. San Francisco Ave. Willits, CA 95490-4006 Farmer Browns Garden Supply 80 Country Club Rd. Willow Creek, CA 95573 530-629-3100 Urban Gardens 22516 Ventura Blvd. Woodland Hills, CA 91364 818-876-0222 ________________________

Ultra Lo Hydro ultralohydro.com 937-252-8224 _________________________ Garden Highway Garden Supply 598 Garden Highway #22 Yuba City, CA 95991 530-755-2877 Golden Valley Hydroponics 870 W. Onsott Rd. Suite F Yuba City, CA 95993 530-763-2151 Southern Humbolt Garden Supplies 31653 Outer Highway 10 Yacaipa, CA 92373 909-794-6888 Yucca Valley Hydroponics 56825 Twentynine Palms Hwy. Yucca Valley, CA 92284 760-369-0300

Boulder Hydroponics 1630 N 63rd St. Unit #5 Boulder, CO 80301 313-415-0045 Candy Shop Hydroponics LLC 2740 Canyon Blvd. Boulder, CO 80302 303-444-3355 One Love Garden Supply 3620 Walnut St. Boulder, CO 80301 303-586-1715 Polar Ray 5171 Eldorado Springs Dr. Boulder, CO 80303 303-494-5773 Rocky Mountain Hydroponics and Organics 2125 32 St. Boulder, CO 80301 303-996-6100 Way To Grow 6395 Gunpark Dr. Boulder, CO 80301 303-473-4769 Deep Roots Garden Supply 1790 Airport Rd., Unit 1 Breckenridge, CO 80424 970-453-1440 Mile High Hydroponics 37 Strong St. Brighton, CO 80601 303-637-0069 ________________________

COLORADO South Park Hydroponics 42 E Buckskin Rd. Alma, CO 80420 719-836-1533 Green Spot Garden Center & Antiques 711 State Ave. Alamosa, CO 81101 719-589-6362

ACME Hydroponics 300 Nickel St., Suite 3 Broomfield, CO 80020 720-524-7306 ________________________ Hydrofarm Mountain 400 Burbank St. Broomfield, CO 80020 800-634-9990

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

207

MAXIMUM YIELD distributors Hydro Galaxy 3314 W Burbank Blvd. Burbank, CA 91505 800-818-6128 J&D Organic Growing Solutions 217 1/2 Clayton St. Brush, CO 80723 970-310-5408 CT. Home Grown 45 South Canterbury Rd. Canterbury, CT 06331 BIG BloomZ 1011 Caprice Dr. Castle Rock, CO 80109 303-688-0599 Indoor Gardener, The 3225 I-70 Business Loop, Unit A10 Clifton, Colorado 81520 970-434-9999 Indoor Garden Warehouse 8100 S Akron St., Suite 322 Centennial, CO 80112 720-496-2110 Garden Tech 737 Garden of the Gods Rd. Colorado Springs, CO 80907 719-278-9777 Grotools 2408 East Platte Ave. Colorado Springs, CO 80909 719-475-7699 Greenhouse Tech 917 East Fillmore Colorado Springs, CO 80907 719-634-0637 Hydro Grow Supply 644 Peterson Rd. Colorado Springs, CO 80915 719-596-2600 Purple Mountain Hydroponics LLC 1530 S Nevada Ave. Colorado Springs, CO 80906 719-635-5859 Room To Grow LLC 422 South 8th St. Colorado Springs, CO 80905 719-633-8682 Roots and Rocks Hydroponic and Organic Garden Supply 1014 S. 21st St. Colorado Springs, CO 80904 719-634-1024 ________________________

_________________________

BWGS-CO 11685 E. 55th Ave. Denver, CO 80239 888-316-1306 _________________________

Chlorophyll 3801 Mariposa St. Denver, CO 80211 303-433-1155 _________________________ Cultivate Hydroponics & Organics 666 S. Buchtel Blvd. Denver, CO 80210 303-954-9919 Greenlight Garden Supply 7741 E Colfax Ave. Denver, CO 80220 720-389-8320 _________________________

Grow Your Own 27051 Barkley Rd. Conifer, CO 80433 303-816-GROW (4769) Happy Grow Lucky 11873 Springs Rd. Conifer, CO 80433 1-303-838-8700 Whetstone Garden Supply 300 Belleview Ave. Crested Butte, CO 81224 970-349-9666 Global Organics & Hydroponics 11 N Broadway Cortez, CO 81321 970-564-8100 Joy of Growing 1410 Valley View Dr. Delta, CO 81416 970-874-2550

208

Blue Sky Hydroponics 1301 Florida Road Unit C Durango, CO 81301 970-375-1238

_________________________

DHL Garden Supply 178 Bodo Dr.Unit B Durango, Co 81303 970-247-1090 _________________________

Your Grow Bud 6801 South Emporia St., Suite 106 Greenwood Village, CO 80112 303-790-2211 _________________________ Green Gardens 133 E. Tomichi Ave. Gunnison, CO 81230 970-641-1161

The Grow Store South 5050 S. Federal Boulevard, #37, Englewood, CO 80110 303-738-0202 _________________________ Rocky Mountain Hydroponics and Organics 439 Edwards Access Rd Unit B101 Edwards, CO 81632 970-926-2100 Bath Nursery & Garden Center 2000 E. Prospect, Fort Collins, CO 80525 970-484-5022 Gold Coast Hydroponics West 8101 S.W. Frontage Road Suite 300 Fort Collins, Colorado 80528 970-232-3220

Grow Your Own 2118 S Bellaire St. Denver, CO 80222 303-990-1929 _________________________ HyGrow Indoor Gardening Supplies 6271 Beach St., Unit F Denver, CO 80221 303-396-1420 Indoor Paradise Denver 7100 N Broadway, Suite 3D & E Denver, CO 80221 303-428-5020

The Grow Shop LLC 1711 S. College Avenue Fort Collins CO 80525 970-484-1042 Indoor Paradise Hydroponics 309 S. Summit View, Unit 17, Fort Collins, CO 80524-1462 970-221-3751 Way To Grow 3201 E. Mulberry Street, Fort Collins, CO 80524 970-484-4769 _________________________

NoDo Urban Garden Supply 1330 27th St. Denver, CO 80205 303-296-3424 Rocky Mountain Hydroponics and Organics 1717 39th Ave. Denver, CO 80205 800-58-HYDRO The Grofax 7540 East Colfax Ave. Denver, CO 80220 720-328-2127 The Grofax 755 South Federal Blvd. Denver, CO 80219 720-328-5164

High Tech Garden Supply 5275 Quebec St. Commerce City, CO 80022 720-222-0772 _________________________

Retail Stores listed alphabetically by city in each state.

Hydro Shack, The 753 10 Mile Drive Frisco, CO 80443 970-668-0359 _________________________ Rocky Mountain Hydroponics and Organics 7800 Colorado 82 #203 Glenwood Springs, Colorado 81601 970-947-9551 _________________________

The Grow Outlet 4272 Lowell Blvd. Denver, CO 80211 303-586-5543

Way To Grow 301 East 57th Ave. Denver, CO 80216 303-296-7900 _________________________

Desert Bloom Hydroponics 445 Pitkin Avenue, Grand Junction, CO 81501 970-245-6427 _________________________ Green Head Hydroponics 809 E. Jasper Court Granby, CO 80446 970-557-3031 Greeley Nutrients 700 11th Street Unit 101 Greeley CO 80631 970-673-8302

All Seasons Gardening 434 Turner Dr., Suite 2B Durango, CO 81303 970-385-4769 _________________________

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

GroWize 3225 S. Wadsworth Blvd. Lakewood, CO 80227 303-986-2706 Way to Grow 11989 West Colfax Ave. Lakewood, CO 80215 303-546-3600 _________________________

MileHydro 355 S. Harlan St. Lakewood, CO 80226 303-935-4769 _________________________

The Grow Shop LLC 1701 Greeley Mall Rd. Greeley CO 80631 970-352-5447 Green Thumb Garden Supply Co. 2830 W 27th St Greeley CO 80634 970-506-1711

Majestic Hydro-Gardening 860 Hwy. 105 Palmer Lake CO 80133 719-481-0777 _________________________ Pueblo Hydroponicss and Organics - Downtown 113 W 4th St. Pueblo, CO 81003 719-542-6798 Pueblo Hydroponics and Organics- South 2704 S Prarie Ave., Suite C Pueblo, CO 81005 719-564-2660 Pueblo Hydroponics and Organics 609 E Enterprise Dr. Pueblo West, CO 81007 709-647-0907 Salida Hydroponic Supply 1242 C St. Salida, CO 81201 719-539-4000 Little Shop of Growers 2560 Copper Ridge Dr. Steamboat Springs, CO 80487 970-879-8577 Cultivate Hydroponics & Organics 7615 W.38th Ave., Suite B111 Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 303-954-9897

The Grow Store 8644 W. Colfax Ave, Lakewood, CO 80215 888-510-0350 _________________________ The Flower Bin 1805 Nelson Rd. Longmont, CO 80501 303-772-3454 _________________________

Ultra Lo Hydro ultralohydro.com 937-252-8224 _________________________

Victory Hydro Gardening 1387 E. South Boulder Rd. Louisville, CO, 80027 303-664-9376 _________________________ WarHammer Supply 1112 Munroe Ave. Loveland, CO 80537 970-635-2602

Hydro Terra Corp 3893 Steele St. Denver, CO 80205 954-260-3377 Ultimate Hydroponics & Organics 2380 S. Broadway Denver, CO 80210 303-282-0034

Grow in Peace 1241 Mine Rd. Idaho Springs, CO 80452 303-567-GROW

_________________________

Colorado Hydroponics & Organics 2740 Commercial Way, Unit 1 Montrose CO, 81401 970-252-7450 Greener Mountain Indoor Gardening 20 Lakeview Dr., Unit 210 Nederland, CO 80466 303-258-7573 Grow in Peace 176 Hwy. 119 South Nederland, CO 80466 303-258-3520 Grow Depot 1434 W. 104th Ave. Northglenn, CO 80234 303-459-7878 Four Corners Organics & Hydroponics LLC 68 Bastille Unit #3, PO Box 627 Pagosa Springs, CO 81147 970-731-1685

Hydro Planet 5022 Kippling St. Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 303-279-6090

CONNECTICUT

_________________________

CT Home Grown 45 South Canterbury Rd. Canterbury, CT 06331 860-546-6161 _________________________ Grow Crazy 11 Berlin Rd., Unit 2 Cromwell, CT 06416 203-660-8486 Harvest Moon Hydroponics 775 Silver Lane East Hartford, CT 06118 860-568-4067 LiquidSun® CT 10C South Main St. East Windsor, CT 06088 860-254-5757 _________________________

Rogue Hydroponics 160 Broadway Hamden, CT 06518 866-277-4432 _________________________ Organix Hydroponics 749 Saybrook Rd., (Tradewinds Plaza) Middletown, CT 06457 860-343-1923 _________________________

Good To Grow 335 Westport Ave. Norwalk, CT 06851 203-956-5600 www.goodtogrowct.com _________________________

Grow with Us 10 Middle River Dr. Stafford Springs, CT 06076 860-684-1595

_________________________

Delaware Sunny Day Organics 1867 Coastal Hwy. Rehoboth Beach, DE MD 19917 302-703-2538

FLORIDA Urban Sunshine 1420 E. Altamonte Dr. Altamonte Springs, FL 32701 407-830-4769

Growers Choice South 8535 Baymeadows Rd., Suite 13 Jacksonville, FL 32256 904-647-7156 _________________________ Urban Organics & Hydroponics 5325 Fairmont St. Jacksonville, FL 32207 904-398-8012

Full Bloom Hydroponics 1489 W. Palmetto Boca Raton, FL 33486 888-725-4769

Simply Hydroponics & Organics 7949 Ulmerton Rd. Largo, FL 33773 727-531-5355

Best Hydro 4920 Lena Rd. Bradenton, FL 34211 941-756-1928

GrowSmart Indoor Garden Centers 14587 Southern Blvd. Loxahatchee, FL 33470 561-429-3527

Palm Coast Hydroponics 4490 N Hwy US1, Suite 108 Bunnell, FL 32110 386-246-4119

Palm Beach Discount Hydroponics – West 14703 Southern Blvd. Loxahatchee, FL 33470 561-296-8555 _________________________

East Coast Hydroponics & Organics 461 Forrest Ave., Suite 105 Coca, FL 32922 321-243-6800 GreenTouch Hydroponics Inc. 5011 S State Rd. 7, Suite 104 Davie, FL 33314 954-316-8815 Absolute Hydroponic Garden Center Inc 336 North Boundary Ave. Deland, FL 32720 386-734-0696 Organic Grow Hut 2 780 Deltona Blvd. #107 Deltona, Florida 32725 1-888-574-GROW; 386-259-5777 Gold Coast Hydroponics 1539 SW 21st Ave. Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33312 1-800-780-7371 _________________________

Biofloral 6250 NW 27th Way Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33309 877-735-6725 _________________________ Green Thumb Hydroponics Supplies 13482 North Cleveland Ave. Fort Meyers, FL 33903 239-997-4769 Gator Hydroponics 4460 SW 35th Terrace, Suite 310 Gainesville, FL 32608 352-301-5383 _________________________

Florida Garden Supplies 2692 W 79 St. Hialeah, FL 33016 1-800-931-5215 _________________________ Simply Hydroponics & Organics (North) 3642 South Suncoast Blvd. Homosassa, FL 34448 352-628-2655 Hydroponics International Inc. 7029-10 Commonwealth Ave. Jacksonville, FL 32220 904-693-6554 _________________________

Grower’s Choice & Hydroponics 11855 North Main St. Jacksonville, FL 32218 904-683-4517 _________________________

High Tech Garden Supply 2975 West New Haven Ave. Melbourne, FL 32901 321-821-0853 ________________________ Advanced Hydro Gardens 4960 NW 165 St., Suite B-4 Miami, FL 33014 305-474-4376 All Star Hydroponics Inc 8901 SW 129th St. Miami FL, 33176 800-842-8582 Blossoms Experience, The 7207 NW 54th St. Miami, FL 33166 866-452-4769 _________________________

Florida Garden Supplies 9545 Sunset Dr. Miami, FL 33173 800-931-5215 _________________________ Future Farms Inc., The 14291 SW 120th St., Suite 105 Miami, FL 33186 305-382-2757 Gold Coast Hydroponics 4241 SW 71st Ave. Miami, FL 33155 1-800-780-6805 Growing Garden Inc., The 12811 SW 42nd St. Miami, FL 33175 305-559-0309 VitaOrganix 7921 NW 67th St. Miami, FL 33166 786-845-8633 3D Hydroponics and Organics 7139 US Highway #19 New Port Richey, FL 34652 727-847-3491 _________________________

Florida Garden Supplies 8442 Tradeport Dr., Unit 200 Orlando, FL 32827 _________________________ Urban Sunshine 6100 Hanging Moss Rd., Suite 50 Orlando, FL 32807 407-647-4769

Urban Sunshine 6142 S. Orange Ave. Orlando, FL 32809 407-859-7728 Vertical Food Growers 10964 Dearden Circle Orlando, FL 32817 407-671-4241 Green Winters Inc. 147 Tomoka Ave. Ormond Beach, FL 32174 386-235-8730; 800-931-5215 The Healthy Harvest Suite 126, 21113 Johnson St. Pembroke Pines, FL 33029 954-538-1511 _________________________

Stoney Hydro @ Schiro’s Barn n Garden Supplies 7812 Causeway Blvd. Tampa, FL 33619 813-626-0902 _________________________

Worm’s Way Florida 4412 North 56th St. Tampa, FL 33610 800-283-9676; 813-621-1792 _________________________ Monkey Hydroponics 940 West Oakland Ave., Unit A1 407-574-8495 Happy Planet Hydroponics 1179 E. Alfred St. Tavares, FL 32778 352-253-1001

Eden Garden Supply 3111 N. Davis Hwy. Pensacola, FL 32503 850-439-1299 _________________________ Healthy Gardens and Supply of Florida, Inc. 196 East Nine Mile Rd., Suite F Pensacola, FL 32534 850-912-4545 _________________________

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 455 S. Andrews Ave. Pompano Beach, FL 33069 877-649-3567 (Southeast) _________________________ Hydroponic Depot II 2395 S Tamiami Trail #19 Port Charlotte FL 33952 941-255-3999 EZ Grow Green 604 S.W. Bayshore Blvd. Port St. Lucie, Fl 34983 772-807-7755 _________________________

Atlantis Hydroponics 8042 N. Palafox St., Suite C Pensacola, FL 32534 850-912-8796 _________________________ Urban Sunshine Organic & Hydroponic Gardening 2841 South Nove Rd., Suite 5 South Daytona, FL 32119 386-236-9989; 386-492-6978 Mr. Nice Guy Hydroponics 1800 NW. Federal Hwy. Stuart, FL 34994 772-934-6785 Esposito Garden Center 2743 Capital Circle NE Tallahassee, FL 32308 850-386-2114 Evershine Hydroponics 1519 Capital Circle NE Unit #35 Tallahassee, FL 32308 850-765-0040 Grace’s Hydro-Organic Garden Center 8877 North 56th St. Tampa, FL 33617 813-514-9376 Grace’s Hydro-Organic Garden Center 8707 Temple Terrace Hwy. Tampa, FL 33637 813-514-9376 Hydroponics of Tampa 120 W. Bougain Villea Tampa, FL 33612 813-333-6828 Schiro’s Barn-N-Garden Supplies Inc. 7812 Causeway Blvd. Tampa, FL 33619 813-626-0902

365 Hydroponics 13054 W Colonial Dr. Winter Garden, FL 34787 407-656-GROW(4769) Cultivating Eden Hydroponic Supplies 946 18th Ave. SW Vero Beach, FL 32962 772-564-8880 _________________________

Florida Garden Supplies 8020 Belvedere Rd.,Unit 4 West Palm Beach, FL 33411 800-931-5215 _________________________ Palm Beach Discount Hydroponics – East 968 North Congress Ave. West Palm Beach, FL 33409 561-296-6161

Aqua Plant Hawaii / Kahala Hydroponics 4224 Wailae, Suite 1A Honolulu, HI 96816 808-735-8665 Green Hands of Aloha 1713 Mary St. Honolulu, HI 96819 808-847-4263 Ohana Greenhouse & Garden Supply 300 Hukilike St. #2M, Kahalui, HI 96732 808-871-6393 Aiyah’s Garden 4558 Kukui St. Kapa’a, HI 96746 Aiyah’s Garden 3-3122 Kuhio Hwy. Unit B-2 Lihue, HI 96766 808-245-2627 Pahoa Feed & Fertilizer 15-2754 Old Government Rd. Pahoa, HI 96778 808-965-9955

IDAHO Boise Hydroponics 614 North Orchard St. Boise, ID 83706 208-344-3053 Greenthumb Greenhouses 5895 Ensign Ave. Boise, ID 83714

ILLINOIS Aerostar Global 824 South Kay Ave. Addison, IL 60101

GEORGIA

_________________________

Atlantis Hydroponics 1422 Woodmont Lane, #4 Atlanta, GA 30318 404-367-0052 _________________________ Flora Hydroponics, Inc. 1239 Fowler St. NW Atlanta, GA 30318 404-532-0001

Aerogro 502 N Prospect, Suite 18 Bloomington, IL, 61704 Brew and Grow 181 Crossroads Parkway Bolingbrook, IL 60194 847-885-8282 Let it Grow - Carbondale West Main St. Carbondale, IL 62908 573-450-5401

Flora Hydroponics Inc. 2475 Jefferson Rd., Suite 600 Athens, GA 30607 866-404-0551

Versaponics.COM Box 166 West Main St. Carbondale, IL62901 573-450-5401

Flora Hydroponics, Inc. 195 Paradise Blvd. Athens, GA 30607 800-470-6881

Alternative Garden Supply 615 Industrial Dr., Unit A Cary, IL 60013 800-444-2837

Atlantis Hydroponics 2561 West Point Ave. College Park, GA 30337 678-510-0032

Brew and Grow 3625 N. Kedzi Ave. Chicago, IL 60618 773-463-7430

Alpha Hydroponics and Garden Supply Inc. 3904 N Druid Hills Rd., Suite 247 Decatur, GA 30033 404-590-4769 _________________________

Chicago Roots Hydroponics & Organics 4020 W. Irving Park Rd. Chicago, IL 60641 773-545-4020 Fertile Ground 463 West MacArthur Dr. Cottage Hills, IL 62018 618-259-5500

Savannah Hydroponics & Organics 4107 Eighth St., Suite C Garden City, GA 31408 912-349-4030 _________________________ Atlantis Hydroponics 5182-B Brook Hollow Parkway Norcross, GA 30071 770-558-1346

HAWAII Eco-Island Supply 810 Haiku Rd., #394 Haiku, HI 96708 808-575-9171

Brew and Grow- Crystal Lake 176 W. Terra Cotta Ave. Crystal Lake, IL 60014 815-301-4950 _________________________

Midwest Hydroganics 20647 Renwick Rd. Crest Hill, IL 60403 815-838-0100 _________________________

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

209

MAXIMUM YIELD distributors _________________________

Goldman’s Grow Shop 910 Greenwood Rd. Glenview, IL 60025 847-657-7250 _________________________ Grow Masters 4641 Old Grand Ave. Gurnee, IL 60031 224-399-9877 Big Grow Hydroponics 9225 Trinity Dr. Lake In The Hills, IL 60156 847-854-4450 Grow Big Hydroponics 7817 B North 2nd St. Manchesney Park, IL 61115 815-637-4769 Green Fields 8137 N. Milwaukee Niles, IL 60714 847-965-5056 _________________________

_________________________

Kreation’s Indoor Gardening Center 3427 Old Chatman Rd. Springfield, IL 62704 217-341-0821 Kreation’s Indoor Gardening Center 2110 North Grand Ave. Springfield , IL, 62702 217-341-0821 _________________________ Joe Dirt’s Organics & Hydroponics 760 Heartland Dr. Sugar Grove, IL 60554 630-466-8346 Water Works Indoor Gardening 1900 South Dirksen Parkway Springfield, IL 62703 217-553-6929

INDIANA Sunleaves Garden Products 7854 North State Rd. 37 Bloomington, IN 47404 888-464-9676 _________________________

Autumn Bloom Alternative Indoor Gardening 1020 Derby St. Pekin, IL 61554 309-642-6943 _________________________ Grow Shop of Peoria 2621 N University Peoria, IL 61604 309-299-0953 _________________________

GroUp Gardening 221 N. 5th St. Pekin, IL 61554 309-349-4407 _________________________ Prairie House Garden Center 15151 South Harlem Ave. Orland, IL 60462 708-687-3131 _________________________

Heartland Hydrogardens 7403 Broadway St. Quincy, IL 62305 217-214-GROW(4769) _________________________ Brew and Grow 3224 South Alpine Rd. Rockford, IL 61109 815-874-5700

Worm’s Way Indiana 7850 North State Rd. 37 Bloomington, IN 47404 800-598-8158 _________________________

Organic Garden Center 9223 Skokie Blvd. Skokie, IL 60077 847-675-2722

210

Next Generation Gardening & Hydroponics 6805 Madison Ave. Indianapolis, IN 46227 317-786-0066

Natures Palate Indoor Garden Store 1321 Mercer Rd. (route 2) Mercer, ME 04957 877-587-4150; 207-587-4150

One Stop Grow Shop 2326 E.44th St. Indianapolis, IN 46205 317-546-GROW

Newfield Farms 122 Water St. Newfield, ME 04095 207-956-3334 _________________________

The Wine-N-Vine Inc. 1524 East McGalliard Rd. Muncie IN 47303 765-282-3300 _________________________

BWGS-IN 1400 Hancel Pkwy., Mooresville, IN 46158 800-316-1306 _________________________ Five Point Gardens 56555 Oak Rd. South Bend, IN 46619 574-287-9232

KANSAS Kan-Grow Hydro Farm LLC 5555 S. Meridian Ave. Wichita, KS 67217 316-214-3022

KENTUCKY Garden Grove Organics 29 East 7th St. Covington (Cincinnati Metro), KY 41011 859-360-1843 _________________________

Worm’s Way Kentucky 1360 Donaldson Hwy. Suite A Erlanger, KY 41018 800-669-2088 _________________________

Worm’s Way Mail Order 7850 North State Rd. 37 Bloomington, IN 47404 800-274-9676 _________________________ Frogs Lilly Pad, The 706 Citation Rd. Carmel, IN 46032 317-846-4610 Hops & Harvest 4616 E. DuPont Rd., Suite Q Fort Wayne, IN 46825 260-918-3035 Harvest Moon Hydroponics 1336 East Washington St. Indianapolis, IN 46202 317-780-8020 Magic Bulb Garden Center 6221 Allisonville Rd. Indianapolis, IN 46220 317-202-2852 _________________________

Louisville Hydroponics 3471 Taylor Blvd. Louisville, KY 40215 502-366-4000

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

High Tech Garden Supply Maine178 Rand Rd. Portland, ME 04102 207-899-4387 _________________________ The Urban Garden Center 659 Warren Ave. Portland, ME 04103 207-347-2350 Here We Grow 30 Parsons St. Presque Isle, ME 04769 207-SOY-BEAN (769-2326) Green Thumb Indoor Gardening 19 Stage Rd. St. Albans, ME 04971 207-938-5909

Urban Garden Center 235 Lewiston Rd. Topsham, ME 04086 207-373-0990 Greenlife Garden Supply 611 US Route 1 York, ME 03909 207-363-0844 East Coast Organics 2800 Sisson St. Baltimore, MD 21211

Bluegrass Organic Grow Shop 125 Quinn Dr. Nicholasville, KY 40356 859-887-0677

Eco Greenworks 7814 Parston Dr. Forestville, MD 20747 301-278-7541

Bluegrass Hydro Garden 13529 S. Dixie Hwy. Upton, KY 42784 270-369-9000

Maryland Hydroponics Inc. 10051 North 2nd St. Laurel, MD 20723 301-490-9236

Laughing Buddha Nursery 4516 Clearview Parkway Metairie, LA 70006 504-887-4336 Urban Organics 285 St. Claude Ave. New Orleans, LA 70117 504-352-4709 Ourcrazydeals Hydroponics 201 Angus Dr. Yungsville, LA 70592 337-303-6146

Mass Hydro 1753 Main St. Brockton, MA 02301 GYOstuff – Grow Your Own 2400 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge, MA 02140 617-945-1654

Harvest Moon Hydroponics 29 Washington St., Route 1 Foxboro, MA 02035 800-660-6977 Here We Grow 123 Russell St. (Route 9) Hadley, MA 01035 413-584-FARM (3276) LiquidSun® MA 8 Lynwood Ave. Holyoke, MA 01040 413-539-6875 Cape Cod Hydroponics 195 Ridgewood Ave. Hyannis, MA 02601 508-737-2555 _________________________

Rootdown Hydroponics Indoor Garden Center 236 Mystic Ave. Medford, MA 01255 781-874-1693 _________________________ Green Path Garden Supply 276 West Main St. Northborough, MA 01532 508-393-4181 LiquidSun® RI 1179 Central Ave. Pawtucket, MA 02861 401-722-2724 _________________________

MARYLAND

Healthy Gardens and Supply 5001-F Harford Rd. Baltimore, MD 21214 443-708-5144

MAINE Maximum Grow Gardening 6117 E Washington St. Indianapolis, IN 46219 317-359-GROW (4769) _________________________

Evergreen Garden Center 301 Forest Ave. Portland, ME 04101 207-761-2800 _________________________

New Earth Garden Center 9810 Taylorsville Rd. Louisville, KY 40299 800-462-5953

LOUISIANA

Greenlife Garden Supply 481 Boston Rd., Unit 4 Billerica, MA 01821 978-262-9966

Mass Hydro 390 Rhode Island Ave. Fall River MA 02721 704-GO-HYDRO

New England Horticulture Supply 125 John Roberts Rd., Suite 1 South Portland, ME 04106 207-899-0510

Grow Shop, The of Lexington 2320 Palumbo Dr., Suite 130 Lexington, KY 40509 859-268-0779

Rock Valley Garden Center 785 N.Bell School Rd. Rockford, IL 61107 815-398-9419 Brew and Grow 359 W. Irving Park Rd. Unit E Roselle, IL 60172 630-894-4885

Retail Stores listed alphabetically by city in each state.

Meadowview Feed & Garden Center 1202 Meadowview Rd. Pasadena, MD 21122 443-817-0018 _________________________

Montgomery Hydroponics 8950 Brookville Rd. Silver Springs, MD 20910 301-588-1935 _________________________ Purple Mountain Organics 100-7010 Westmoreland Ave. Takoma Park, MD 20912 877-538-9901

The Urban Garden Center 600 Wilson St. Brewer, ME 04412 207-989-2020

MASSACHUSETTS

LiquidSun of Maine 51West Gray Rd. Gray, ME 04039 207-657-8033

Grow it Green 122 Pulaski Blvd. Bellingham, MA 02019 508-883-GROW

Evergreen Garden Center 216 Newbury St. Peabody, MA 01960 978-854-5541 _________________________ Hydroponics N More Garden Center 331 Centre Ave. Rockland, MA 02370 781-421-3356 Mass Hydro 679 Washington St. S. Attlevoro, MA 02703 508-761-4937 _________________________

Tru Bloomz Hydroponics 1201 Fall River Ave. Seekonk, MA 02771 508-336-4443 _________________________

High Tech Garden Supply 560 Boston Turnpike (Route 9) Shrewsbury, MA 01545 508-845-4477 _________________________ Nor’easter Organic Life 515 College Highway Unit J Southwick, MA 01077 413-998-3951

_________________________

New England Hydroponics 15 D College Hwy. (Route 10) Southampton, MA 01073 888-529-9025 _________________________ Nor'easter Organic Life 515 College Highway Unit J Southwick, MA 01077 413-998-3951 _________________________

Worm’s Way Massachusetts 121 Worc-Providence Turnpike Sutton, MA 01590 800-284-9676 _________________________

All things Good and Green 501 E. Michigan Ave. Augusta, MI 49012 269-978-8550 Battle Creek Indoor Gardening 1125 E.Michigan Ave. Battle Creek MI 49014 269-282-0554 BIG Green Tomato 1775 E. Columbia Ave. Battle Creek, MI 49014 269-282-1593 Homelight Gardens 3471 S. Huron Rd. Bay City, MI 48706 989-922-0088 Grow Supply Center 3131 Benzie Hwy. Benzonia, MI 49616 231-882-9270 J&L Growco 206 S. Michigan Ave. Big Rapids, MI 49307 231-796-1528 Hydro Vision 11820 Belleville Belleville, MI 48111 734-325-6210 One Stop Grow Shop Inc., The 397 Main St., Suite A. Belleville, MI 48111 734-325-7242

LiquidSun East 12 Bay St. Unit 105 Wilmington, MA 01887 978-447-5442

MICHIGAN Get Growing Urban Garden Centre 142 S. Main St. Adrian, MI 49221 All Things Good and Green 501 E. Michigan Ave. Augusta, MI 49012 269-978-8550 Allegan Hydroponic Supply 1177 Lincoln Rd. Allegan, MI 49010 269-355-1595 Hydro House of Ohio 2234 South Union Ave. Alliance, MI 44601 330-680-4014 _________________________

Cultivation Station 2734 Jackson Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48103 734-213-7740 _________________________ U Can Grow Hydro 2247 W. Liberty Ann Arbor, MI 4810 734-369-3387 _________________________

Growers Outlet 7720 Clyde Park SW Byron Center, MI 49513 616-878-4444 Happy Harvesters Hydroponics 4410 South Saginaw St. Burton, MI 48529 810-496-3005 Hydroponic Gardening 4204 Davison Rd. Burton, MI 48505 810-406-3355 Two Guys and a Grow Shop 3374 Atherton Rd. Burton, MI 48509 810-820-4275 _________________________

Hydro Giant #4 6199 Haggerty Rd. West Bloomfield, MI 48322 248-668-6100 _________________________ Caledonia Gardens 9750 Cherry Valley Ave. SE Caledonia Gardens, MI 49316 616-891-0706 Greenway Gardens 916 W 13th St. Cadillac, MI 49601 231-775-7075

________________________

The Great Lakes Hydroponics Co. 5998 US.31 South Charlevoix MI 49720 231-237-9153 _________________________ Horti-Toad Hydroponic Supply 21323 Harper St. Clair Shores, MI 48080 586-944-0650 Hydro 411 411 West 5th St. Clare, MI 48617 989-941-4157 Michigan Hydro Depot 571 E. Chicago St., Suite B Coldwater, MI 49036 517-278-9600 All American Indoor Gardening Warehouse 11504 N. Saginaw Rd. Clio, MI 48420 810-640-1156 Clio Cultivation 11394 N.Saginaw Rd. Clio, MI 48420 810-686-4769 HydroMaster 36345 Grosebeck Hwy. Clinton Twp, MI 48035 586-792-0277 Hydro Pro’s Indoor Garden 20560 Hall Rd. Clinton Township, MI 48038 586-263-5793 H2O Grow Supply 3364 Arent Ct. Coloma, MI 49038 269-468-3890 Van Hydro 7480 N State Davison, MI 48423 810-653-8267 _________________________

The Grow Station 5670 Telegraph Rd. Dearborn, MI 48127 313-406-5147; 800-797-4769 (GROW) __________________________

Hydro Giant #1 14455 Ford Rd. Dearborn, MI 48126 313-216-8888 ________________________

Indoor Grower’s Edge 8998 E. 34 Rd., Suite B Cadillac, MI 49601 231-468-3343 Cultivation Station of Michigan Inc., The 6540 Allen Rd. Allen Park, MI 48101 313-383-1766 _________________________

Discount Hydro & Indoor

Easy Growing 5748 N. Canton Centre Rd. Canton, MI 48187 734-451-4500 Hydro Helper 6445 Canton Center Rd. Canton, MI 48187 734-354-3900 ________________________

Garden Supplies

Gro Blue Discount Hydro and Indoor Garden Supplies 4072 Packard Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48108 734-913-2750 _________________________ Grow Show, The 4095 Stone School Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48108 734-677-0009; 734-677-0509 HotHydro® 5245 Jackson Rd., Suite F Ann Arbor, MI 48103 734-761-5040; 877-893-0716

Cultivation Station 3 Inc. 46912 Gratiot Chesterfield, MI 48051 586-949-7453 _________________________ Hydro Pro’s Indoor Garden 30504 23 Mile Rd. Chesterfield, MI 48047 586-741-8805

Cultivation Station – Eastern Market, The 2518 Market St. Detroit, MI 48207 313-394-0441 ________________________ Growers R Us 19317 West Warren Detroit, MI 48228 313-633-1617 _________________________

Hydro Giant #3 21651 W. 8 Mile Rd.(8 Mile & Lahser) Detroit, MI 48219 313-387-7700 _________________________ Hydro Heaven 73647 W 8th Mile Rd. Detroit, MI 48235 313-861-0333; 877-823-2076

_________________________

Ultra Lo Hydro ultralohydro.com 937-252-8224 _________________________

Urban Gardening Center, The 2520 22nd St. Detroit, MI 48216 313-898-0200 _________________________

Superior Growers Supply 4870 Dawn Ave. East Lansing, MI 48823 517-332-2663 _________________________ Sunnyside Hydroponics 24930 Gratiot Ave. Eastpoint, MI 48021 586-777-2528 GroMart Indoor Gardening Solutions 68991 M-62 Suite Q Edwardsburg, MI 49112 269-414-4385 Bay de Noc Hydroponic & Garden Supply 1501 Sheridan Rd. Escanaba, MI 49829 906-553-7006 Hydro Vision 495 Fenway Dr. Fenton, MI 810-714-1719 Green Thumb Garden Center 22963 Woodward Ave. Ferndale, MI 48220 248-439-1851 Urban Garden Supply 4516 Pasadena Ave. Flint, MI 48504 810-733-0420 Urban Garden Supply 3410 S. Dort Hwy. Flint, MI 48507 810-875-9580 Granny Green Thumbs 103 W. Grand River Flowerville, MI 48836 517-223-1302 Indoor/Outdoor Garden Shop 105 N. Seymour Rd. Flushing, MI 48433 810-867-4351

_________________________

Home Grown Hydroponix 5333 Plainfield, Suite C Grand Rapids, MI 49525 616-361-2924 _________________________

Horizen Hydroponics 1614 Leonard St., NW Grand Rapids, MI 49504 866-791-1664 _________________________ Grand Rapids Hydroponics Inc. 524 Leonard St. Grand Rapids, MI 49504 616-454-2500 _________________________

Garden Doctor 2974 28th St. SW Grandville, MI 49418 616 530 2500 _________________________ Holland Hydroponic Outlet 604 N. Beacon Blvd. Grand Haven, MI 49423 616-847-1277 BSS Garden Supplies 8899 Peck Rd. Unit #2 Greenville, MI 48838 616-225-7000 It is Green Ville Gardens 11500 Morgan Mills Rd., NE Greenville, MI 48838 616-745-0500 _________________________

Hydroharrys- HP 24047 Dequindre Rd. Hazel Park, MI 48030 248-541-0099 _________________________ Garden Doctor 2974 28th St. SW Grandville, MI 49418 616-530-2500 Absolute Wholesale Garden Supply 3255 Highland Rd. Highland, MI 48357 248-714-6558 Holland Hydroponic Outlet 587-40 East 8th St. Holland, MI 49423 616-298-7395 _________________________

_________________________

The Grow Shop of Garden City 28505 Ford Rd. Garden City, MI 48135 734-956-5400 _________________________

Synthetic Sun Hydroponics, LLC 799 S. Wisconsin Ave. Gaylord, MI 49735 989-731-8800 _________________________

Growco Garden Supply 1042 Michigan St. NE Grand Rapids, MI 49503 877-939-6900 NEW 2nd LOCATION! 4640 West River Dr. Comstock Park, MI 49321 _________________________

Flower Factory, The 2223 East Highland Rd. Highland, MI 48356 248-714-9292 _________________________ Mr. Grow it All 6660 Blair Lane Holland, MI 49424 616-392-3028 Hydro Grow Room 15201 N. Holly Rd., Unit B Holly MI, 48430 248-369-8333 Holland Hydroponic Outlet 1220 Phoenix Rd. South Haven, MI 49090 269-637-5941 ________________________

HGR Garden Supply 15231 N. Holly Rd. Holly, MI 48442 248-369-8333 ________________________

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

211

MAXIMUM YIELD distributors J&W Farm & Garden Center 10906 Main St. Honor, MI 49640 231-325-3433 _________________________

Synthetic Sun Hydroponics, LLC 705 S. Loxley Houghton Lake, MI 48629 989-422-2800 _________________________ Hydro Vision 1247 E. Grand River Howell, MI 48843 517-552-4965 Grow Fast Gardens 5015 South Straits Hwy. Indian River, MI 49749 231-238-4113 Grow Maxx 1220 S. Stephenson Ave. Iron Mountain, MI 49801 920-447-2211 Hydro Magic 595 South Cedar St. Imlay City, MI 48444 810-721-7232 Ionia Hydroponics & Indoor Garden Supply 2555 N. State(M-66) Rd. Ionia, MI 48846 616-523-6111 Hydrocapitol 258 Cooper St. Jackson, MI 49201 517-795-2633 Mighty Grow 2418 West Michigan Ave. Jackson MI 49202 517-962-4822 _________________________

Howz It Growing 1290 S. Lapeer Rd. Lake Orion, MI 48360 248-693-5747 Capital City Growers 2208 E. Michigan Ave. Lansing, MI 48912 517-853-9988 _________________________

Horizen Hydroponics 5425 W. Saginaw Hwy Lansing, MI 48917 517-323-ROOT _________________________

Superior Growers Supply Inc. 3928 West Saginaw Hwy. Lansing, MI 48917 517-327-1900 _________________________ H2O Hydroponics 5210 W. Saginaw Hwy Lansing, MI 48917 517-703-8120 Edenz Hydro 560 Oak St. Lapeer, MI 48446 248-291-6691

Two Guys and a Grow Shop 11917 E. Lennon Rd. Lennon, MI 48449 810-621-3790 _________________________

Superior Growers Supply Inc. 292200 Seven Mile West Livonia, MI 48152 248-473-0450 _________________________ The Barefoot Gardener 11635 Fulton St. Suite 300B Lowell, MI 49331 616-987-3457

Horizen Hydroponics 4646 W. Main St. Kalamazoo, MI 49006 269-567-3333 _________________________

Northern Lights Hydroponic & Garden Supply 29090 Campbell Rd. Madison Heights, MI 48071 248-439-6269

Plainwell Indoor/Outdoor Garden Center 8201 Douglas Ave. Kalamazoo, MI 49009 269-532-1167 Zoo City Grower Supply 3514 S. Westnedge Kalamazoo, MI 49008 269-903-2450 Halms Hydro 2368 S. Huron Rd. Kawkawklin, MI 48631 989-402-1296 _________________________

High Tech Garden Supply 2815 East Grand River Ave. Lansing, MI 48912 517-580-0555 _________________________

212

Cedar Garden Wholesale 132 North Bound Gratiot Mt. Clements, MI 48043 586-738-0030 Green Grow LLC 9046 N. Dort Mt. Morris, MI 48458 810-687-9500 Indoor Grower’s Edge 2410 S. Leaton Suite 5 Mt. Pleasant, MI 48858 989-317-0944 Sunshine Supply Co. 5800 East Pickard St. Mt. Pleasant, MI 48858 989-775-3700 Cedar Garden Wholesale 132 North Bound Gratiot Mt. Clements, MI 48043 586-738-0030 Big Blue Hydroponics 590 Ottawa St. Muskegon, MI 49441 231-571-9400 Growing Consultant Hydroponics & Things 2260 Apple Ave. Muskegon, MI 49442 231-773-5600 _________________________

Plant Paradise 4593 W. US 10 Ludington, MI 49431 231-843-3000

Edenz Hydro 1411 West 14 Mile Madison Heights, MI 48071 248-291-6691 Hypnotic Hydroponics 321 Deer St. Manistique, MI 49854 906- 341-GROW BIg Creek Hydroponics 555 Old Little Lake Rd. Marquette, MI 49855 906-249-5297 Indoor Garden Center 236 Mystic Ave. Medford, MA 02155 781-874-1693 Sweet Greens Hydroponics 113 Fifth St. Michigan Center, MI 49254 517-764-9232 Stealth Hydro 14630 King Dr. Milan, MI 48160 734-961-4333 _________________________

The Grow Shop 2609 Telegraph Rd. Monroe, MI 48162 734-384-4769 _________________________

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Healthy Harvest Garden Supply 233 South State St. Oscoda, MI 48750 989-569-3006 Hydro Grow Source 10609 East Lovejoy Perry, MI 48872 517-376-8583 Super Grow 288 W. Montcalm Pontiac, MI 48342 248-24SUPER (78737) Green Earth Hydroponics 8127 Portage Rd. Portage, MI 49002 269-342-419 _________________________

Hydro Giant #5 290 S. Telegraph Pontiac, MI 48341 248-706-7600 _________________________

Hydroponics Highway Inc. 2708 14th Ave. Port Huron MI, 48060 810-982-4769 _________________________

Howz It Growing 700 Main St. Suite 101B Lapeer, MI 48446 810-245-8687

High Tech Garden Supply 1745 West Main St. Kalamazoo, MI 49006 269-978-8697 _________________________

Kalamazoo Indoor Garden 450 W. Maple Kalamazoo, MI 49001 269-344-2550 _________________________

Retail Stores listed alphabetically by city in each state.

Green Lantern H2O 1383 E. Laketon Ave. Muskegon, MI 49442 231-722-0420 _________________________

Ultra Green Hydroponics 9300 Telegraph Rd. Redford, MI 48239 313-534-9377 Hydro Vision 66783 Gratiot Ave. Richmond, MI 48062 586-430-1956 Happy Gardening 20840 Telegraph Rd. Romulus, MI 48174 734-486-4115 _________________________

Third Coast Horticulture Supply 1965 Holton Rd Muskegon, MI 49445 231-288-1762 _________________________ Harbor Country Hydro 17648 US Highway 12 New Buffalo, MI 49117 269-469-2242 _________________________

Flo-N-Grow Hydroponics Co. 214 North 2nd St. Niles, MI 49120 269-683-1877 www.FNGhydro.com _________________________ Aric’s Indoor Garden Supply W. 8065 US Highway 2 Iron Mountain, MI 49801 906-828-2000 _________________________

HGR Garden Supply 200 E. Main St. Owosso MI 48867 989-472-4999 _________________________ Owlyn Solutions for Growers 2398 Jolly Rd., Suite 300 Okemos, MI 48864 517-203-5070 Watch it Grow Hydroponics 407 W. Center St. Omer, MI 48749 989-653-2141 Happy Harvesters Hydroponics 1772 S. Ortonville Dr. Ortonville, MI 48462 248-793-3357

_________________________

Superior Growers Supply, Inc. 5716 South Pennsylvania Ave. South Lansing, MI 48911 517-393-1600 ________________________

Hydro Giant #2 19363 Eureka Rd. Southgate, MI 48195 734-281-8888 _______________________

Cultivation Station of Michigan Inc., The 23529 Little Mack Ave. St. Clair, MI 48080 586-775-9485 _______________________ Horti-Toad Hydroponic Supply 21323 Harper St. Clair Shores, MI 48080 586-944-0650 Advanced Hydroponic Growers 705 N. US 27 St.Johns, MI 48879 989-227-0408 Hydro City LLC 34863 Schoenherr Sterling Heights, MI 48312 586-883-9075 _________________________

High Tech Garden Supply 7889 Telegraph Rd. Taylor, MI 48180 313-908-7554 _________________________ Hydro Grow, The 8210 Telegraph Rd. Taylor, MI 48180 313-633-0641

Growers Edge 175 Marcell Dr. Rockford, MI 49341 _________________________

Green Thumb Hydroponics & Organic Indoor Supply 8460 Algoma, Suite G Rockford, MI 49341 616-884-5500 _________________________

Cultivation Innovations 6652 Lewis Ave. Suite 7 Temperance, MI 48182 419-725-4769 Great Lakes Green Horticultural Supply 757 S. U.S. Highway 131 Three Rivers, MI 49093 269-278-130 Grow Depot 9 North Main St. Three Rivers, MI 49093 269-273-4769 Grow Store, The 90 N U.S. Highway 31 South Traverse City, MI 49685-7923 231-421-5191 _________________________

High Tech Garden Supply 28000 Groesbeck Hwy. Roseville, MI 48066 586-435-2335 _________________________ Plant Paradise 7657 Michigan Ave. Rothbury, MI 49452 231-843-3000 GrowMart 2137 Warwick St. Saginaw, MI 48603 989-799-6330 Home Grown Hydroponics 4880 Gratiot Rd., Suite # 2 Saginaw, MI 48638 989-781-1930 Third Coast Garden Supply LLC 2327 Auburn Rd. Shelby Township, MI 48195 586-997-2700

Cultivation Station 1990 US-31 N. Suite C Traverse City, MI 49686 231-421-8118 _________________________

High Tech Garden Supply 720 South Garfield Ave. Traverse City, MI 49686 231-668-6913 _________________________ Woodland Shore Garden Center 956 W. South Airport Rd. Traverse City, MI 49686 231-421-5901

Hydro Vision 1910 West Rd. Trenton, MI 48183 734-301-3745 Hydro Pro’s Indoor Garden 45410 Van Dyke Ave. Utica, MI 48317 586-803-0966 Forever Green 340 S. Main St. Vassar, MI 48768 989-882-9177 H2 Hydro 702 N. Pontiac Trail Walled Lake, MI 48390 248-669-6063 _________________________

Hydroharrys – WL 1138 E. West Maple Rd. Walled Lake, MI 48390 248-896-0099 _________________________

Beste’s Hydroponics 21410 Schoenherr Rd. Warren, MI 48089 586-776-1794 _________________________

AAA Hydroponics LLC 22 50th St. Wyoming, MI 49504 616-249-8338 _________________________

Cultivation Station – Grand Rapids, The 4907 S. Division Ave. Wyoming, MI 49548 616-855-4440 _________________________

Stealth Hydro 15 E. Cross St. Ypsilanti, MI 48198 866-998-1916 _________________________

The Grow Stop 7380 Highland Rd. Waterford, MI 48327 248-599-9231 _________________________

MINNESOTA

Greco’s Nursery & Garden Supplies 12219 E. 11 Mile Rd. Warren, MI 48093 586-759-1335

Duluth Hydroponics 26 W 1st St. Duluth, MN 55802 218-341-7253

Indoor Garden Superstore 2570 Dixie Hwy. Waterford Twp., MI 48328 248-673-2200; 877-22-HYDRO

The Interior Tomato, LLC 519 N. Central Ave. Duluth, MN 55087 218-260-5167 _________________________

Light Green Water 3661 Highland Rd. Waterford, MI 48329 248-681-0001 Bubonic Hydroponics 38540 Michigan Ave. Wayne MI, 48184 734-331-2316 _________________________

Hydrospot 34236 Michigan Ave. Wayne, MI 48184 734-722-1285 _________________________ B&B Hydro Supply 28974 Warren Rd. Westland, MI 48185 734-469-280 Ultra Green Hydroponics 8067 N. Wayne Rd. Westland, MI 48185 734-425-1000 G.C. II 1006 E. Colby St., Suite A Whitehall, MI 49417 231-893-2400 _________________________

Indoor Eden 9281 East-M 36 Whitmore, MI 48189 810-355-1465 _________________________

Alpengrow Nursery Supplies 238 Highway 93 S. Eureka, MT 59917 406-882-4496

The Hydro Store 121 Woodland Ave #160 Reno, NV 89523 775-787-2760

MISSISSIPPI

Big Sky Garden Supply 528 West Idaho Kallispell, MT 59901 406-755-1465

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Urban Organics 2217 E Canal St. Picayune, MS 39466 504-352-4709

Hydro King Indoor Garden Supply 32000 Van Dyke Ave. Warren, MI 48093 586-939-0518

Happy Harvesters Hydroponics 5720 Highland Rd. Waterford, MI 48327 248-599-9761

Eco Garden Supply 800 Transfer Door 25 in rear St. Paul, MN 55114 651-647-1896

Indoor Gardening 10 NE 3rd St. Faribault, MN 55021 507-209-1546 _________________________

MISSOURI Versaponics LTD 879 South Kingshighway Cape Girardeau, Missouri 63703 573-450-5401 _________________________

Heartland Hydrogardens 705 Vandiver Dr., Suite G Columbia, MO 65202 573-474-4769 _________________________ Grow Your Own Hydroponics 3617 Saint John Ave. Kansas City, MO 64123 816-241-2122 _________________________

Grower’s Edge 175 Marcell Dr. Rockford, MI 49341 _________________________ U-Grow 1724 North, 13th St. St. Louis, MO 63106 314-452-6368 _________________________

Worm’s Way Missouri 1225 North Warson Rd. St. Louis, MO 63132 800-285-9676 _________________________

Brew and Grow 8302 Highway 65 NE. Minneapolis, MN 55432 763-780-8191 Interior Gardens 115 -1620 Central Ave. NE Minneapolis, MN 55413 800-498-4178; 612-870-9077 _________________________

Midwest Hydroponics 5825 Excelsior Blvd. St. Louis Park, MN 55416 888-449-2739 _________________________ Eden Indoor Organic Gardens 831 Highway 75 N. Moorhead, MN 56560 218-477-EDEN (3336) _________________________

American Garden Supply 601-6th Ave. N. Princeton, MN 55371 763-631-0543 _________________________ Still-H2O Inc. 14375 North 60th St. Stillwater, MN 55082 651-351-2822

Box of Rain INC 860 North Meridian Rd., Suite B #19&20 Kalispell, MT 59901 406-755-RAIN (7246) Cornucopia Grow Your Own 127 Stoner Creek Rd. Lakeside, MT 59922 406-709-1076

Hydro101 545 Hooksett Rd. #24 Manchester, NH 03104 603-782-8894 _________________________

Bizzy Beez LLP 5785 Highway 93 South Whitefish, MT 59937 406-863-9937

NEBRASKA Bodhi Organic Garden Supply 1438 S1 St., Suite 6 Lincoln, NE 68502 402-438-6785 Patio-Ponics 3255 Cornhusker Hwy., Suite 4 Lincoln, NE 68504 402-466-9218 ________________________

Paradigm Gardens 8949 J St., Suite 5 Omaha, NE 68127 402-339-4949 _________________________

NEVADA Carson Valley Hydroponics 2520 Empire Ranch Rd. Carson City, NV 89701 775-884-4769 Lorraine Indoor Gardens 290 Spear Court Fernley, NV 89408 775-575-7757 Hydro Store, The 1014 W. Sunset Rd. Henderson, NV 89014 702-434-7365

Advanced Gardens Hydroponics 7850 Dean Martin Dr., Suite 506 Las Vegas, NV 89139 702-247-4769

MONTANA

All American Hydroponics 2675 East Patrick Lane, Unit 8 Las Vegas, NV 89120 702-894-9888

Heightened Harvests 3103 Harrison Ave. Butte, MT 59701 406-494-4222

Best Hydroponic Supply 6818 W Cheyenne Las Vegas, NV 89108 702-750-9300

One World – Life Products 906 Broadwater Billings, MT 59101 406-839-9969

Grow Hydro Gardens 5870 S. Decatur, Suite 11 Las Vegas, NV 89148 702-997-7053; Toll Free 866-568-4769

Heightened Harvest 1415 S 32nd St. West Billings, MT 59102 406-656-1156 _________________________

Hydro Store, The 7145 W. Ann Rd. Las Vegas, NV 89130 702-434-9376

Butteopia 127 Main St. Butte, Montana 59701 1-406-782-8476 _________________________

Greenlife Garden Supply 885 Second St. Manchester, NH 03102 603-782-8259 _________________________

Dr. Green Thumbs 1106 West Park Livingston, MO 59047 406-222-7440

AAA Indoor Organic Garden SuperCenter 2101 S. Decatur Blvd. #21 Las Vegas, NV 89102 702-450-4769 Green Thumb Organics 249 Mid Rivers Mall Dr. St. Peters, MO 63376 636-397-4769 (GROW) _________________________

The Beez Kneez Garden Supply 180 Emerald St. Keene, NH 03431 603-903-1488

Nevada Hydroponics 4700B Maryland, Suite 1 Las Vegas, NV 89119 702-798-2852

Natural Roots Hydroponics 24 Crown St. Nashua, NH 03060 603-204-5528 Four Seasons Horticulture Supply 2076 White Mountain Hwy. North Conway, NH 03860 603-733-5444

NEW JERSEY Garden State Hydroponics 511 Avenel St. Avenel, NJ 07001 888-300-8711 Boyer Indoor Gardening 57 Crescent Blvd. Gloucester City, NJ 08030 856-456-5000 Bergen County Hydroponics 70 Essex St. Hackensack, NJ 07601 201-342-2001 Garden Indoors of New Jersey 600 Meadowlands Pkwy., Suite 25 Secaucus, NJ 07094 201-865-1616 East Coast Horticultural Supply 1652 Hurffville Rd. Sewell, NJ 08080 856-228-5290 77HYDRO 37 Fairfield Pl. West Caldwell, NJ 07006 877-774-9376 Claraqua 4 Redwood Court West Windsor, NJ 08550

NEW MEXICO

_________________________

AHL Year Round Garden Supply 1051 San Mateo Blvd. S. Albuquerque, NM 87108 505-255-3677 _________________________

All Seasons Gardening 3600 Osuna Rd., Suite 406 Alburquerque, NM 87109 505-508-4292 _________________________

Anything Grows 190 West Moana Lane Reno, NV 89509 775-828-1460 Everything Green Hydroponics Box 34869 Reno, Nevada 89533

Common Shaman 1319 San Mateo N.E. Albuquerque, NM 87110 505-255-6463

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

213

MAXIMUM YIELD distributors Heavy’s Grow Supply 1325 San Mateo Blvd. NE. Albuquerque, NM 87110 505-315-4573

Sunflower Supplies, LLC 176-18 Central Ave. Farmingdale, NY 11735 631-651-8281

Dr. Green Hydroponics 129 E. Idaho Ave. Las Cruces, NM 88005 575-524-6751 _________________________

East Coast Hydroponics 14649 Horace Harding Exp. Flushing, NY 11367 718-762-8880

All Seasons Gardening 1228 Parkway, Suite E. Sante Fe, NM 87507 505-438-GROW _________________________ Santa Fe Hydroponics 851 W. San Mateo Rd., Suite 4 Santa Fe, NM 87505 505-467-8454 New Mexico Hydroponics 923 W. Almeada Santa Fe, NM 87501 505-316-5855 Taos Gardening Supply 120 Bertha Taos, NM 87571 575-758-9131

NEW YORK Organica: Garden Supply & Hydroponics 296 Delaware Ave. Albany, NY 12209 518-618-7666

Healthy Harvest Organics & Hydro 163 Broadway Fort Edwart, NY 12828 518-480-4698 Saratoga Organics & Hydroponic Supply 10 Saratoga Ave. S. Glen Falls, NY 12803 518-798-820 Hydroponic Shops of America 2568 Western Ave. Guilderland, NY 12009 518-355-1503 Hydroponic Shops of America 720 Willow Ave. Ithaca, NY 14850 607-697-0199 Greentree Garden Supply 606 Elmira Rd. Ithaca, NY 14850 607-272-3666 Mike’s Nursery & Grower Supplies 199 E. Fairmount Ave. Lakewood, NY 14750 716-763-1612 Harvest Moon Hydroponics 217 Route 32 N. New Paltz, NY 12561 845-255-3633 _________________________

The Grow Room 32-32 49th St. Astoria, NY 11103 718-218-GROW (4769) Saratoga Organics & Hydroponic Supply 19 Front St. Ballston Spa, NY 12020 518-885-2005; 800-850-4769 The Grape Vine 4020 Hempstead Turnpike Bethpage, NY 11714 516-731-1100 Bronx Hydro & Garden 39 Bruckner Blvd. Bronx, NY 10454 718-993-3787 Bklyn Hydro & Garden 316 McGuiness Blvd. Brooklyn, NY 11222 718-383-0095 Brooklyn Farms 51 Hicks St. Brooklyn, NY 11231 347-725-3491 Indoor Outdoor Gardener 8223 5th Ave. Brooklyn, NY 11209 718-836-2402 Buffalo Roots Hydroponics and Organics 3231 Main St. Buffalo, NY 14214 716-240-9075 Hydroponics of Buffalo 1497 Hertel Ave. Buffalo, NY 14216 716-838-3545 Harvest Moon Hydroponics 340 West at 59 Central Nyack, NY 10960 California Hydroponics 27 Corporate Circle East Syracuse, NY 13057 315-432-9387 Upstate Hydroponics 2026 Lake Rd., Unit B Elmira, NY 14903 607-483-9199 _________________________ FutureGarden Inc. 59 Central Ave. Farmingdale, NY 11735 516-420-0884 _________________________

214

The Green Box 495 9th Ave. NY, NY 10018 212-967-4777 thegreenboxhydro.com _________________________ Sunlight Solutions Hydroponics 2045 Niagara Falls Blvd., Suite 13 Niagara Falls, NY 14304 888-GROWBOX Crossroads Hydroponics and Organics 181 South Plank Rd. (Route 52) Newburgh, NY 12550 845-561-4769 KG Garden Supply 4575 Commercial Dr. New Hartford, NY 13413 877-KG-HYDRO The Grow Room 8 Bridge St. Nyack, NY 10960 800-449-9630 Revolution Hydroponics 309 West State St. Olean, NY 14760 716-373-GROW (4769) Mor Gro Hydroponics 5680 State Route 104 E Oswego, NY 13126 315-877-8725 Environmental Gardens 8 John Walsh Blvd., Suite 310 Peekskills, NY 10566 800-254-0507; 914-736-6676 Harvest Moon Hydroponics Henrietta Townline Plaza 3047 West Henrietta Rd. Rochester, NY 14623 716-865-7353 ________________________

Hydro Garden Center 1069B Lyell Ave. Rochester, NY 14606 1-800-277-1322 ________________________

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

Retail Stores listed alphabetically by city in each state.

Sunset Hydroponics & Home Brewing 1590 West Ridge Rd. Rochester, NY 14615 866-395-9204 Hydroponic Garden Centers Inc 146 49 Horace Harding Exp. Rushing, NY 11367 718-762-8880 LiquidSun of New York 1702 Fiero Ave. Rotterdam, NY 12150 518-952-4654 Hydroponics Shops of America 2606 Erie Blvd. Syracuse, NY 13224 315-251-2516 _________________________

New Age Gardens 2236A US Highway 70 Swannanoa, NC 28778 828-299-9989 Progressive Gardens 6005 Oleander Dr. Wilmington, NC 28403 910-395-1156 LiquidSun East 12 Bay St., Unit 105 Wilmington, MA 01887 978-447-5442

Green Zone Hydroponics 2928 Southwestern Blvd. Orchard Park, NY 14127 716-677-9663 _________________________

Akron Garden Center 434 W Wilbeth Rd. Akron, OH 44314 330-724-2700

Purely Hydroponic, LLC 1507 Lear Industrial Pkwy. Avon, OH 44011 866-787-5060 _________________________

Harvest Moon Hydroponics 147 Fourth St. Troy, NY 10960

Campbells Indoor Gardening Supplies 1721 Greenville Rd. Bristolville, OH 44402 330-889-0049

Follow The Sun 1185 B Yonkers Ave. Yonkers, NY 10704 914-237-2760

Magic Home Gardens 209 Cemetery Rd. Canal Winchester, OH 43110 614-837-2440

NORTH CAROLINA

Dumont Seed Co. 619 30th St. N.W. Canton, OH 44709 330-492-0204

Advanced Hydroponic Garden 55 Shiloh Rd. #6 Asheville, NC 28803 1-828-277-3488 Fifth Season Gardening Company 21 B Westside Dr. Asheville, NC 28806 828-225-5007 Fifth Season Gardening Company 45 Banks Ave. Asheville, NC 28801 828-253-4112 Fifth Season Gardening Company 106 South Greensboro St. Carrboro, NC 27510 919-932-7600 ________________________

BWGS-NC 4045 Perimeter West Dr., Suite 400 Charlotte, NC 28214 800-316-1306 ________________________

High Tech Garden Supply 2712 B Freedom Dr. Charlotte, NC 28208 704-697-0911 ________________________ Flow & Grow Hydroponics & Organic Garden Center 4521 Cumberland Rd. Fayetteville, NC 28306 910-423-FLOW (3569) Fifth Season Gardening Company 1616 D-3 Battleground Ave. Greensboro, NC 27408 336-271-3373 Good Harvest Garden Center 629 Oakridge Farm Hwy. Mooresville, NC 28115 704-658-9136 Fifth Season Gardening Company 5619-A Hillsborough St. Raleigh, NC 27606 919-852-4747

Sweet Greens 5540 Brecksville Rd. Independence, OH 44131 800-421-7084 _________________________

OHIO

Summit Hydroponics 1030 Kenmore Blvd. Akron, OH 44314-2114 330-753-5222 _________________________ Green Zone Hydroponics 2148 Niagara Falls Blvd. Tonawanda, NY. 14150 716-693-9663 _________________________

Advanced Hydrorganics Indoor Garden Center 5204 Darrow Rd. Hudson, OH 44236 234-380-1287

Dayton Hydroponics 4920 Provident Dr. Cincinnati, OH 45246 513-942-7111 Eastside Hydroponics 834 Ohio Pike #318 Cincinnati, OH 45245 513-528-4769

Hydro Gardens Wholesale 1144 N Memorial Dr. Lancaster, OH 43130 855-210-5599 _________________________ Carefree Garden Center 134 West Dr. Lodi, OH 44254 330-302-4203 CropKing 134 West Dr. Lodi, OH 44254 330-302-4203 USA Hydrogarden 7450 Industrial Pkwy., Suite A Lorain, OH 44053 440-282-4880 The Grow Shop 165 Davids St. Marion, OH 43302 740-223-7467 _________________________

Urban Gardens 671 E. Center St. Marion, OH 43302 740-375-2800 _________________________

Kissed by the Sun Hydroponic 10740 Reading Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45241 513-769-0159

Top Garden Products 8600 East Ave., Suite C Mentor, OH 44060 440-290-8773

Cleveland Garden Center Inc. 727 East 185th St. Cleveland, OH 44119 216-481-7868

Green Garden Indoor Garden Center 1664 North Main St. N. Canton, OH 44720 330-494-1234 _________________________

Grow Wizard, The 5700 Denison Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44102 216-961-2500 Herb-N-Garden Center 14901 Puritas Ave. Cleveland, OH 44135 216-252-2001 Garden Indoors of Ohio 4720 Indianola Ave. Columbus, OH 43214 800-833-6868 Magic Home Garden 4538 Indianola Ave. Columbus, OH 43214 614-263-2440 Miami Valley Hydro 8220 N. Dixie Dr. Dayton, OH 45414 937-280-4468 _________________________

Gardening-Indoor 5851 Youngstown-Warren Rd. Niles, OH 44446 USA 330-932-1023 _________________________ Pet Finatics LLC 3150 Navarre Ave., Suite A Oregon, OH 43616 USA Hydrogarden 542 Griswold Rd. Elyria, OH 44035 440-324-4769 Indoor Gardens 1222 Hill Rd., N. Pickerington, OH 43147 614-866-6065 _________________________

USA Hydrogarden 542 Griswold Rd. Elyria, OH 44035 440-324-4769 _________________________ Garden Connections 3341 Centerpoint Dr. Grove City, OH 43123 614-871-0707

USA Hydrogarden - West 11001 Route 250 Suite B9 Milin, OH 44846 419-499-0480 ________________________

_________________________

Trinity Hydro Organics 465 Woodman Dr. Riverside, OH 45431 937-252-GROW _________________________ USA Hydrogarden - West 11001 Route 250 Suite B9 Milin, OH 44846 419-499-0480 Hot Hydro ® 855 S. Holland-Sylvania Rd. #2 Toledo, OH 43615 419-866-1266

_________________________

Aqua Serene 465 Applegate Way, Ashland, OR 97520 541-482-7600 _________________________ Rogue Silicates Inc. POB 21 Azalea, OR 97410 541-837-8590 American Agriculture 9966 SW. Arctic Dr. Beaverton, OR 97005 503-641-3500 _________________________

Organic Garden Center 5215 Monroe St. Toledo, OH 43623 419-517-8110 Toledo Hydroponics Ltd. 855 S. Holland-Sylvania Rd., Suite 2 Toledo, OH 43615 877-893-0716 _________________________

B.I.G.S. 35 NW Bond Bend, OR 97701 541-385-5222 _________________________ Northern Light & Garden 9290 SW Beaverton-Hillsdale Hwy. Beaverton, OR 97005 503-297-7331

Plant Lighting Hydroponics 2201-A Pinnacle Parkway Twinsburg, OH 44087 888-258-0670 _________________________ Greenleaf Hydroponics 1805 Elm Rd. Warren, OH 44483 330-372-1039 Dayton Hydroponics 3856 Miamisburg-Centerville Rd. West Carrolton, OH 45449 937-859-3999 _________________________

Gardening-Indoor 9215 Market St. Youngstown (North Lima), OH 44452 330-758-0272 _________________________ Indoor Garden Worx 304 West Monroe St. Zanesville, OH 43701 866-900-9679

OKLAHOMA Tulsa County Hydro-Organics 1928 W. Albany Broken Arrow, OK 74012 918-259-HYDRO AAAAHA! Hydroponics Unlimited P.O. Box 74 Oakhurst, OK 74050 Organics OKC Garden Supply 2800 N Pennsylvania Ave. Oklahoma City, OK 73107 405-528-GROW The OKC Urban Gardener 3711 N. Western Ave. Oklahoma City, OK 73118 405-521-9300 Urban Garden 3141 E. 15th St. Tulsa, OK 74104 918-289-0018 The Mad Farmer Tulsa LLC 11630 E. 51st Tulsa, OK 74146 918-615-3735

OREGON Indoor Hydroponic Garden & Lights 5990 SW 185th Ave. Aloha, OR 97006 503-848-3335 Astoria Indoor Garden Supply 1343 Duane St., Unit C Astoria OR 97103 503-468-0606

Westcoast Organic & Hydroponic Supply 12410 SE 282nd Ave., Unit C Boring, OR 97009 503-512-7710 The Good Earth Organics 30088 Redwood Hwy. Cave Junction, OR 97523 541-592-4496 Anthony’s Garden & Light Supply 93779 B Troy Lane Coos Bay, OR 97420 541-266-8822 Corvallis Hydroponics & Organics 5490 SW Philomath Blvd. Corvallis, OR 97333 541-738-2820 Emerald Valley Gardens Inc. 88680 McVay Hwy. Corvallis, OR 97405 541-636-3763 _________________________

Aqua Serene 2836 W. 11th Ave. Eugene, OR 97402 541-302-9073 _________________________

Aurora Innovations PO Box 22041 Eugene, OR 97402 866-376-8578 _________________________ Vital Organics Northwest 457 River Ave. Eugene, OR 97404 541-688-0028

Redwood Nursery 1303 Redwood Ave. Grants Pass, OR 97527 541-474-2642 Vital Organix 932-B S.E. “M” St. Grants Pass, OR 97526 541-226-9283 _________________________

Healthy Harvest Indoor Garden Suite #1, 1635 S.E. Tualatin Valley Hwy. Hillsboro, OR 97123 503-640-0995 _________________________ Gorge Garden Center 1203 12th St., Suite H Hood River, OR 97031 541-386-4769 _________________________

In & Out Gardens 93484 Hwy 99 South Junctin City, OR 97448 541-234-2342 _________________________ Basin Indoor Gardening 417 N. Spring St. Klamath Falls, OR 97601 541-273-2023 Just the Tip Gardening 631 Main St. Lebanon, OR 97355 541-258-3234 Green Zone Garden Center & Hydroponic Supplies 1845 S.W. Hwy. 101 Suite 3 Lincoln, OR 97367 541-994-7070 Green Thumb Hydrogarden & Organic Supply 2021 West Main St. Medford, OR 97501 541-779-8600 Growing Crazy (Hooked On Hydroponics) 817 W. 2nd St. Medford, OR 97501 _______________________

In & Out Gardens 1574 Skypark Dr. Medford, OR 97501 541-858-3333 _________________________ Ladybug Indoor Gardens 3960 W. Main St. Medford, OR 97501 541-618-4459 Advanced Organics & Garden Supply 290- B Merlin Ave. Merlin, OR 97532 541-659-1466 _________________________

_________________________

Gorilla Garden Supply 2011 Union Ave North Bend, OR 97459 541-756-5005 _________________________ Green Garden Indoor Garden Center 1664 North Main St. N. Canton, OH 44720 330-494-1234

Paradise Supply LLC 560 N.E. “F” St., Unit C Grand Pass, OR 97526 541-955-7293

Green Zone Garden Center & Hydroponic Supplies 454 S.W. Coast Hwy. Newport, OR 97365 541-265-8252

J-N-B Hydro 2 Go 155 West Central Ave. Sutherlin, OR 97479 541-459-9211

Evergreen Garden Supply 8830 N.E. Sandy Blvd. Unit C Portland, OR 97220 503-408-6635 Bloom Garden Supply 518 N.E. 20th Ave. Portland, OR 97232 971-255-1336 _________________________

BWGS-OR 18201 N.E. Portal Way, Suite 104 Portland, OR 97230 888-316-1306 _________________________ Cascade Horticulture 19959 E. Burnside Portland, OR 97233 503-661-1700 Everybody’s Garden Center 2701 S.E. 14th Ave. Portland, OR 97202 800-669-5483 Evergreen Garden Supply 3393 SE 21st Ave. Portland, OR 97055 503-206-5670 Garden Spout, The 4532 South East 63rd Ave. Portland, OR 97206 503-788-4769 Indoor Hydroponic Garden & Lights 1409 S.E. 82nd Ave. Portland, OR 97216 503-445-2250 Jantzen Beach Hydroponics 909 N. Tomahawk Island Dr., Suite 103 Portland, OR 97217 503-546-3185

Roots Garden Supply 5426 North Gay Ave. Portland, OR 97217 503-285-4768

Northern Light & Garden 1203 Rogue River Hwy. Grants Pass, OR 97527 541-474-1700

Oregon’s Constant Gardener 2053 Laura St. Springfield, OR 97477 541-747-8170

American Agriculture 9220 SE Stark St. Portland, OR 97216 800-433-6805

Advanced Indoor Gardens 17831 S.E. 82nd Dr. Gladstone, OR 97027 503-305-6341

Wizard’s Garden, LLC 621 Spruce St., Unit C Myrtle Point, OR 97458 541-572-2333 _________________________

Moonshine Park Farm 135 South East 62nd, Unit F South Beach, OR 97366 541-444-2298

Phoenix Organics 4543 S. Pacific Highway Phoenix, OR 97535 541-535-1134

Rain or Shine 13126 N.E. Airport Way Portland, OR 97230 503-255-1981

Roseburg Hydroponics 853 SE Stephens St. Roseburg, OR 97470 541-229-1420

Northern Light & Garden Salem 1915 Lancester Dr. Salem, OR 97305 503-364-4769

All About Hydroponics 633 Claude Rd. Ontario, OR 98914 208-731-9823

Oregon’s Constant Gardener 2385 West 11th Eugene, OR 97402 541-636-4220

DC Hydroponics & Organics 7275 Green Siding Rd. Roseburg, OR 97471 541-679-3700

Indoor Garden Center 1697 SE 25th St. Salem, OR 97302 503-566-7888

Indoor Garden Depot 3260 SE Oak Grove Blvd. Oak Grove, OR 97267-1421 503-786-2445

Lights Distributing 9843 S.W. 55th Ave. Portland, OR 97219

Indoor Garden Supply 536 S.W. 6th St. (rear alley) Redmond, OR 97756 541-504-7750

Rogue Farmers 1007 S. Pacific Hwy. Talent, OR 97540 541-512-4600 Samurai Greenhouse Supply 32067 Old Hwy. 34 Tanget, OR 97389 541-928-3431 Grow America Garden Supply LLC 11511 S.W. Pacific Highway Tigard, OR 97223 503-841-6868 Portland Hydroponics & Organics 11564 S.W. Pacific Highway Tigard, OR 97223 503-746-4303 Pharmer Hydroponics 11135 S.W. Industrial Way, Bldg 10-4 Tualatin, OR 97062 503-486-5751 Grow Big Inc. 16572 SE 362nd Dr. Sandy, OR 97055 503-826-8277 Greener Side of Life 623 West Centennial Blvd. Springfield, OR 97477 541-636-3552

PENNSYLVANIA Pocono Hydroponic Solutions 25 Route 611 Bartonsville, PA 18321 570-730-4544 Green Solutions Hydroponics 1700 Orange St. Berwick, PA 18603 570-752-1530 Garden Indoors of Pennsylvania 208 Route 13 Bristol, PA 19007 800-227-4567 422 GROW 1775 North Main St. Ext. Butler, PA 16001-1327 724-561-3777 ________________________

High Tech Garden Supply 20232 Route 19, Unit 6 Cranberry Twp., PA 16066 724-473-1113 ________________________

Urban Flora 2865 South East Portland, OR 97214 503-236-3344

Hydrofarm East 270 Canal Rd. Fairless Hills, PA 19030 888-780-4567

BIGS Warehouse 2606 S.W. 4th St., Unit B Redmond, OR 97756 541-504-8886

Home Hydroponics of Pittsburgh 830 Route 119 Greensburg, PA 15601 724-836-1118

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

215

MAXIMUM YIELD distributors Buds to Blooms Garden and Supply Co., LLC 509 Orchard Ave. Kennett Square, PA 19348 610-388-0100 _________________________

The Companion Plant 363 E. Main St. Kutztown, PA 19530 610-683-9676 _________________________ The Companion Plant 363 E. Main St. Kutztown, PA 19530 610-683-9676 Flairform PO 1417 Lansdale, PA 19446 215-395-6353 ________________________

Organic Garden Center 1307 Park Ave. Williamsport, PA 17701 570-322-3120 _________________________

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 450 Grim Lane York, PA 17406 877-779-7111(Northeast) _________________________ PA Hydroponics & Home Gardening Supply 20 Quaker Church Rd. York Springs, PA 17372 717-528-4175

RHODE ISLAND Oakworld Garden Center 39 West St. Barrington, RI 02806 401-245-5705 Solar Seed Hydroponics, Inc. 2406 Putman Pike Chepachet, RI 02814 401-710-9010

RH Distribution PO 1417, Lansdale, PA 19446 888-545-8112 _________________________ Esbenshades Greenhouses 546A E. 28th Div Hwy Lititz, PA 17543 717-626-7007 Esbenshades Greenhouses 546A E. 28th Div Hwy Lititz, PA 17543 717-626-7007 Hydro Ponics of Harrisburg 310 S. 10th St. Lemoyne, PA 17043 877-684-3808 Always Green Garden Supply 4400 Old William Penn Hwy., Suite 106 Monroeville, PA 15146 412-646-1243 New Stanton Hydro 150 Post Ave. New Stanton, PA 15672 724-635-0297 Full Bloom Hydroponics 84 South 24th St. Pittsburgh, PA 15203 888-872-3602 _________________________

Gardening-Indoor 20550 Rt. #19 Cranberry Twp. Pitsburgh, PA 16066 724-591-8086 _________________________ Home Hydroponics of Pittsburgh 2008 Smallman St. Pittsburgh, PA 15222 412-232-7030

Organically Grown 768 Atwood Ave. Cranston, RI 02920 401-944-0549 GrowRI 184 Admiral Kalbfus Rd. Newport, RI 02840 401-619-0776 Hydro-Earth 1243 Mineral Springs Ave. North Providence, RI 02904 401-305-5520 The Organic Grow Hut 375 Putnam Pike, Suite 13 Smithfield, RI 02828 401-349-4141 _________________________

Full Time Garden Supply 1011 Ritner Hwy. Shippensburg, PA 17257 717-477-0350 Home Hydroponics of Pittsburgh 9 N. Main St. Washington, PA 15301 724-222-0200 Western Pennsylvania Innovative Gardening 1177 Pittsburgh Rd., Suite 103 Valencia, PA 16059 724-903-0800

216

Skyes the Limit 455 B Fleming Rd. Charleston, SC 29412 843-566-2121

Good To Grow 51 Old Tower Hill Rd. Wakefield, RI 02879 401-783-1733 _________________________ Grow With Us 709 Warwick Ave. Warwick, RI 02888 401-270-6998 Mother Nature Hydroponics 1268 Post Rd. Warwick, RI 02888 401-780-0600 GrowRI 105 Franklin St., Unit # 38 Westerly, RI 02891 401-596-0904 _________________________

The Urban Garden Hydroponics 9557 Two Notch Rd., Suite E Columbia, SC 29223 803-788-9313 _________________________

All Seasons Indoor & Outdoor Supplies 1350 Hwy. 501 Business, Store 3&4 Conway, SC 29526 843-347-9266 _________________________ Green Thumb Unique Gardening & More 1230 Rutherford Rd. Greenville, SC 29609 864-271-8830

SOUTH DAKOTA

_________________________

Green Earth Products Inc. 5700 Highway 79 S., Unit 1 Rapid City, SD 57702 605-342-1307 _________________________

TENNESSEE Innovative Hydroponic Supply Inc. 3286 North Park Blvd., Unit G Alcoa, TN 37701 865-984-0280

Atlantis Hydroponics 1800 Rossville Avenue, #3 Chattanooga, TN 37408 423-752-5400 _________________________ Advanced Hydroponic Garden 783 French Mill Rd. Dandridge, TN 37725 800-521-1643 Perpetual Harvest 75 Riverport Dr. Jackson, TN 38301 877-422-3391 Advanced Hydroponic Garden 6912 Clinton Hiwy. Knoxville, TN 37921 866-938-3318

Growin’ Crazy 93 Kingston Rd. Wyoming, RI 02898 401-284-0810

SOUTH CAROLINA GreenSpirit Hydrogarden 1864 Meeting St. Charleston, SC 29405 843-225-1GRO

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 126 Belinda Parkway Mt. Juliet, TN 37122 888-265-9005 _______________________ All Seasons Gardening and Brewing Supply Co. 924 8th Ave. S. Nashville, TN 37203 800-790-2188

Ultimate Hydroponic Garden Supply 6125 W. Sam Houston Pkwy. N. #206 Houston, TX 77041 713-856-8425 Texas Growers Supply 5990 N. Sam Houston Pkwy. E. #602 Humble, TX 77396 281-441-3739

Worm’s Way Tennessee 901 Main St. Nashville, TN 37072 800-397-4153 _________________________

TEXAS

Sun City Hydroponics 2235 Whitten Rd., Suite 104 Memphis, TN 38133 901-372-8100 _________________________ Good To Grow 34 Nooseneck Hill Rd. West Greenwich, RI 02817 401-392-3100 _________________________

_________________________

247 Garden Supply 535 D Clemson Rd. Columbia, SC 29229 803-788-4445

_________________________

Healthy Gardens and Supply 1008 Lincoln Avenue, Prospect Park, PA 19076 866-32-HYDRO Northeast Hydroponics & Homebrewing 221 Scranton Carbondale Hwy. Scranton, PA 18508 570-209-7924

Retail Stores listed alphabetically by city in each state.

Abundant Harvest Hydroponics & Organics 3101 Ave. E. Arlington, TX 76011 817-649-0100 Brite Ideas Hydroponics & Organics 4201 South Congress Ave., Suite 310 Austin, TX 78745 512-444-2100 Texas Hydroponics & Organics (Central Austin) 5605 Burnet Rd. Austin, TX 78756 512-459-4769 Texas Hydroponics & Organics (South Austin) 2125-A Goodrich Ave. Austin, TX 78704 512-440-4769 Texas Hydroponics & Organics (Deep Ellum) 2715 Main St. Dallas, TX 75226 214-745-4769 Third Coast Horticulture Supplies 2715 Main St. Dallas, TX 75226 512-459-4353 Jolly Green Hydroponics (Greenhouse Horticultural Supplies) 13628 Neutron Rd. Dallas, TX 75244 866-WE-JOLLY; 469-341-5555

Brite Ideas Hydroponics & Organics 5121 Crest Way Dr., Suite 203 San Antonio, TX 78239 210-248-9309 HydroShack 1138 W. 20th St. Houston, TX 77008 713-292-1921 Hydro Mart 3841 Main St. Rowlett, TX 75088 972-475-6114 Texas Hydroponics & Organics (San Antonio) 3412 Copeland San Antonio, TX 78219 210-226-4769 Texas Hydroponics & Organics (San Antonio West) 6729 Bandera Rd. San Antonio, TX 78238 210-684-4769 Innergrow Hydroponics 24451 Interstate Hwy. 20 Wills Point, TX 75169 866-475-4769

UTAH Wasatch Hydroponics 4050 South Howick, Suite 11E Salt Lake City, UT 84107 801-716-4133

VERMONT Greenthumb - Vermont 394 Route 15 Jericho, VT 05465 802-899-4323 Peak Hydroponic Garden Supplies 20 School St. Plainfield, VT 05667 802-454-8000

Lone Star Hydroponics & Organics 1302 Motor Circle Dallas, TX 75207 214-634-9376

LiquidSun® VT 1 Bellows Falls Rd. (Route 5 North) Putney, VT 05158 802-387-1100

Texas Hydroponics & Organics (Dallas) 2606 Manana Dr. Dallas, TX 75220 214-744-4769

Green Thumb Gardening P.O. Box 235, Route 15 Underhill, VT 5489 800-564-9376

Earth Organics 1360 Lee Trevino Dr., Suite 105 El Paso, TX 79936 915-591-9500 Texas Hydroponics & Organics (Ft. Worth) 2501 Airport Frwy. Ft. Worth, TX 76111 817-834-4769

VIRGINIA Fifth Season Gardening Co. 900 Preston Ave. Charlottesville, VA 22903 434-293-2332 Clean & Green Technologies 196 Corning Dr. Christiansburg, VA 24073 866-694-1628

Hydrofarm Central 950 Ave. S. Grand Prairie, TX 75050-1133 800-634-9999

Maryland Hydroponics 1061 West Broad St. Falls Church, VA 866-324-9376

Botani Garden 15120 Bellaire Blvd. Houston, TX 77083 281-575-1999

Lucky Roots 612 North Sheppard St. Richmond, VA 23221 804-377-3020

Houston Discount Hydroponics 9380 Richmond Ave. Houston, TX 77063 713-464-9406

Blue Ridge Hydroponics & Home Brewing Company 5327 D Williamson Rd. Roanoke, VA 24012 540-265-2483

Hydroponic Nation 9001 Frey Rd. Houston, TX 77034 713-943-1115 Progressive Garden 3582 W T.C. Jester Blvd. Houston, TX 77018 713-681-7764 Texas Hydroponics & Organics (Houston) 2420 Rusk St,. Houston, TX 77003 713-641-4769

Inside-Out Garden Supply 6517 Backlick Rd. Springfield, VA 22150 703-451-3259 I Love Hydroponics 368 Newtown Rd. #105 Virginia Beach, VA 23462 757-490-5425 Hydroponics & Growlights 13400 Occoquan Rd. Woodbridge, VA 22191 703-490-0700

West VIRGINIA Panhandle Hydroculture 800 East Moler Ave. Martinsburg, WV 25401 304-240-7587 Mountaineer Gardening and Hydroponics 258 Kingwood St. Morgantown, WV 26505 304-290-2460 Almost Heaven Hydroponics 3476 University Ave. Morgantown, WV 26505 304-598-5911

WASHINGTON AJ’s Indoor Gardening 1317 Summit St. Aberdeen, WA 98520 360-533-1170 _________________________

Island Horticulture Supply 8608 S March Point Rd. Anacortes, WA 98221 360-293-0000 _________________________ Mike’s Indoor Garden Supply 6121 172nd St. N.E. #A Arlington, WA 98223 360-474-1900 _________________________

Pro Grow Horticulture Supplies 3411 169th Pl. N.E. Suite C Arlington, WA 98223 360-925-6358 _________________________ Belfair Garden & Lighting 24090 N.E. State Route 3 #F Belfair, WA 98528 360-275-2130 Green Gardens Distributing 12738 Bel-Red Rd. Bellevue, WA 98005 425-454-5731

_________________________

Indoor Tropics 5930 Sunburst Lane #B Cashmere, WA 98815 509-470-7782 _________________________ Indoor Gardening 111 W. Main Centralia, WA 98531 360-807-4259 Grow Center, The 615 South Fir DeerPark, WA 99006 509-276-GROW Cascadia Garden Supply 188 A St. Eastsound, WA 98245 360-376-6040 _________________________

Indoor Tropics 801 N. Prospect Ellensburg, WA 98926 509-933-4441 _________________________ Healthy Grow Indoor Garden Supplies 10 S.E. Everett Mall Way, Suite B Everett, WA 98208 425-374-2227 Indoor Garden Depot 8630 Evergreen Way, Suite B Everett, WA 98208 425-347-0700

Fife Indoor Garden Center 1422 54th Ave. E. Fife, WA 98424 253-922-5352 Good 2 Gro 3507 W. Clearwater Ave. Kennewick, WA 99336 509-737-1313 _________________________

Indoor Garden & Lighting 714 South Central Ave. Kent, WA 98032 253-373-9060 _________________________ Kent Garden Supplies Ltd. 18817 East Valley Hwy. Kent, WA 98032 425-251-9299

North West Hydro Supply 5659 Guide Meridian St. Bellingham, WA 98226 360-778-3254 _________________________ Liquid Sunshine Hydroponics 5087 Lincoln Rd. Blaine, WA 98230 Kitsap Garden & Lighting 2130 6th St. Bremerton, WA 98312 360-377-1277 M & R Lighting Unit C 22914 Hwy 410 Buckley, WA 98390 360-707-5999 ________________________

Island Horticulture Supply 1500 Port Dr. Burlington, WA 98233 360-707-5999 _________________________

Indoor Garden & Lighting 20505 Highway 99 Lynnwood, WA 98036 425-673-2755 _________________________ Go-N-Green Hydroponics 1241 State Ave., Suite #102 Marysville, WA 98270 360-386-8230 Green Acres Indoor Garden & Lighting 514 State Ave, Suite #102 Marysville, WA 98270 360-658-GROW (4769) Island Hydroponic & Supplies 1515 5th St. #B Marysville, WA 98271 425-299-5855 Mike’s Indoor Garden Supply 1204 East Wheeler Rd. Moses Lake, WA 98837 509-766-5856 M & R Lighting 17238 Memorial Dr. Mt. Vernon, WA 98273 360-848-1080 Northern Lights Gardening 1524 Riverside Dr, #2 Mt. Vernon, WA 98273 360-982-2217 ________________________

Indoor Garden Depot 1401 S. 324th Street, Federal Way, WA 98003 253-874-1112

In Bloom 2119 Lincoln St. Bellingham, WA 98225 360-778-1668 Northern Lights Gardening 4159 Hannegan Rd. Bellingham, WA 98225 360-715-8585 _________________________

________________________

Indoor Garden & Lighting 8606 Preston Fall City Rd. S.E. Preston, WA 98050 425-222-9661 ________________________ Linda’s Gardening & Hydroponics 11522 Canyon Rd. E. Puyallup, WA 98373 253-531-9641

__________________________

Sodo Hydro 1727 1st Ave. S. Seattle, WA 98134 206-682-9377; 888-90-HYDRO (904-9376) __________________________

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 5408 N.E. 88th St. Building A Vancouver, WA 98665 888-478-6544 _________________________

Northwest Horticulture Supply 161 Hooker Rd. #1 Sequim, WA 98057 360-582-0702 SnoGro Indoor Gardening Supply 502 Maple Ave. Snohomish, WA 98290 360-863-6935 509 Grow 2718 N. Division Spokane, WA 99207 509-327-GROW(4769) Grow Center, The 2808 W. Sprague Spokane, WA 99202 509-456-GROW River City Hydroponics 1514 East Francis Ave. Spokane, WA 99208 509-464-0246 Rootz Indoor Garden Supply 923 E. Hoffman Spokane, WA 99207 509-443-5999 _______________________

Eco Enterprises 1240 N.E. 175th St. #B Shoreline, WA 98155 800-426-6937 ________________________

Artificial Sun Hydroponics 3506 Summitview Ave. Yakima, WA 98902 509-823-4026

WISCONSIN

_________________________

Aric’s Indoor Garden Supply 1104 West Wisconsin Ave. Appleton, WI 54914 920-574-3258 _________________________ Grow BIG Hydroponics 954 S. Westland Appleton, WI 54914 920-749-4769 H2oGrow 1150 Madison Rd. Beloit, WI 53511 608-289-1852

Spokane Organic & Hydroponic Supply 4823 East Sprague Avenue E. Spokane Valley, WA 99212 509-534-4055 ________________________ Spokane Organic & Hydroponic Supply 8701 North Division, Suite D Spokane Valley, WA 509-468-4800 ________________________

Purple Spring Horticulture Supply 711 Nesses Corner Rd. Pt.Hadlock, WA 98339-9411 360-344-2500 Renton Indoor Garden Center 329 Wells Ave. S. Renton, WA 98057 425-917-9000

Indoor Garden Supply LLC 1250 Atlantic Ave. Woodland, WA 98674 360-841-8055

Brew and Grow 285 N. Janacek Rd. Brookfield, WI 53045 262-789-0555 Sustainable Growth LLC 218 N. Dewey St. Eau Claire, WI 54703 715-901-0511 Spread Eagle Garden Center 4413 N. Lake Rd. South Florence, WI 54121 715-696-3910 Garden Supply Guys 752 Memorial Dr., Suite A Green Bay, WI 54303 920-857-9493

Waterworks Hydroponics 5039 S. Washington Tacoma, WA 98409 • 253-301-4343 waterworkshydro@hotmail.com ________________________ Garden City Hydroponics 14103 Pacific Ave. S. Tacoma, WA 98444 253-301-3985 _______________________

Hydro Your Own 8501-75th St. Unit C Kenosha, WI 53142 262 697 6112 Brew and Grow 3317 Agriculture Dr. Madison, WI 53716 608-226-8910 _________________________

Grogro Hydro 12403 N.E. 124th St. Kirkland, WA 98034 888-7-GROGRO; 425-820-6200 Hefty Harvest Garden & Hydroponic Supply 2825 Marvin Rd. N.E., Suite M Lacey, WA 98516 360-628-8964 _________________________

KP Indoor Garden Store 8912 Key Peninsula Hwy. N. Lakebay, WA 98349 253-884-SURE (7873) ________________________ InDoor Gardening 1158 Commerce Longview, WA 98632 360-353-3851 Indoor Gardening 5718 Pacific Ave. Lacey, WA 00000 360-338-0676

Aqua Serene 3839 Stone Way N. Seattle, WA 98103 206-547-GROW (4769) ________________________ Grogro Hydro 12316 32nd AVE N.E. #103 Seattle, WA 98125 Hydro-Tech 2121 Aurora Ave. N. Seattle, WA 98103 206-547-2202 ________________________

Seattle’s Hydro Spot 917 N.W. 49th St. Seattle, WA 98107 206-784-2161 ________________________

Indoor Garden & Lighting 3839 6th Ave. Tacoma, WA 98406 253-761-7478 ________________________ Solar Shop 306 West 4th St. Tonasket, WA 98855 509-486-4508 Indoor Garden Depot 6400 N.E. Highway 99, Suite H Vancouver, WA 98665 360-993-7779 ________________________

National Garden Wholesale/ Sunlight Supply 4525 N.W. Fruit Valley Rd. Vancouver, WA 98660 888-478-6544 (Northwest) _ _________________________

Paradigm Gardens 4501 Helgesen Dr. Madison, WI 53718 608-241-3800 _________________________ Brew and Grow 2246 Bluemound Rd., Suite B Waukesha, WI 53186 262-717-0666

PUERTO RICO

_________________________

Tecno-Hydro Ave Campo Rico GJ17, PO Box 1450 Carolina, PR 00982 787-752-8252 ________________________

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

217

COMING UP NEXT ISSUE

Sanitation Standards A clean growroom is a happy growroom, and a happy growroom leads to one happy gardener. Ensure you are practicing sanitation in your grow space by following Eric Hopper’s recommendations.

Distribution Decisions When it comes to providing the right light for your leafy greens, there are a number of things to consider, such as how much and which color, but distribution also plays a key role in maximizing the power of your lights.

Believing in Boron Earlier this summer we presented 10 facts on boron, but there is so much more to know about how this unsuspecting element can boost your plant’s health.

www.maximumyield.com Maximum Yield USA August will be available next month for free at select indoor gardening retail stores across the country and on maximumyield.com Subscriptions are available at maximumyield.com/subscriptions

Stay in the Know with Maximum Yield’s E-News Every month Maximum Yield’s E-News brings you the latest news, tips and tricks, reader questions, contests and upcoming events. If you are not yet subscribed to our mailing list, sign up today at maximumyield.com/enewssignup

218

Maximum Yield USA | July 2013

219