7 іст укр гісем

Î.Â. óñåì

²ÑÒÎÐ²ß ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ Ï²ÄÐÓ×ÍÈÊ ÄËß 7 ÊËÀÑÓ

çàãàëüíîîñâ³òí³õ íàâ÷àëüíèõ çàêëàä³â ɋɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɩɝɛɨɩ ɇʀɨʀɬɭɠɫɬɭɝɩɧ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ ʀ ɨɛɮɥɣ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ

ɌȿɊɇɈɉȱɅɖ ɇȺȼɑȺɅɖɇȺ ɄɇɂȽȺ ² ȻɈȽȾȺɇ 2015

ɎȿɅ ȼȼɅ Ɏɥɫ

Ⱦ ɋɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɩɝɛɨɩ ɇʀɨʀɬɭɠɫɬɭɝɩɧ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ ʀ ɨɛɮɥɣ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɨɛɥɛɢ ɇʀɨʀɬɭɠɫɬɭɝɛ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ ʀ ɨɛɮɥɣ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝʀɟ ɫ ʌ

ȽɃȿȻɈɉ ɂȻ ɋȻɐɎɈɉɅ ȿɀɋɁȻȽɈɃɐ ɅɉɓɍȲȽ ɊɋɉȿȻɁ ɂȻȼɉɋɉɈɀɈɉ

ɋɠɱɠɨɢɠɨɭɣ ȼɛɫɧɛɥ ɇ Ƚ ɪɫɩɯɠɬɩɫ ɥɛɯɠɟɫɣ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɍɈɊɎ ʀɧ Ƚ Ⱦɨɛɭɹɥɛ ɟɩɥɭɩɫ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɨɛɮɥ Ƚɩɝɥ ə Ȳ ɝɲɣɭɠɦɷ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɂɉɓ ʌ ɧ ɍɠɫɨɩɪɩɦɺ ɝɲɣɭɠɦɷ ɧɠɭɩɟɣɬɭ

Ⱦʀɬɠɧ ɉ Ƚ Ⱦ Ȳɬɭɩɫʀɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥ ɟɦɺ ɥɦ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɩɬɝʀɭ ɨɛɝɲ ɢɛɥɦ ɉ Ƚ Ⱦʀɬɠɧ ³ ɍɠɫɨɩɪʀɦɷ Ɉɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɛ ɥɨɣɞɛ ³ ȼɩɞɟɛɨ ³ ɬ ʀɦ ,6%1 ² ² ² ² ɎȿɅ ȼȼɅ Ɏɥɫ

ɉɰɩɫɩɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧ ɪɫɩ ɛɝɭɩɫɬɷɥɠ ɪɫɛɝɩ Ɂɩɟɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɛɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɠ ɜɮɭɣ ɝʀɟɭɝɩɫɠɨɛ ɝ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀ ɜɠɢ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɮ ɛɝɭɩɫɛ ɲɣ ɝɣɟɛɝɨɣɱɭɝɛ

,6%1 ² ² ² ²

Ⱦʀɬɠɧ ɉ Ƚ Ɉɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɛ ɥɨɣɞɛ ³ ȼɩɞɟɛɨ

ɎɇɉȽɈȲ ɊɉɂɈȻɒɀɈɈɚ

³ ɯɩɭɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ

³ ʀɨɭɠɫɛɥɭɣɝɨʀ ɟɩɟɛɭɥɣ

³ ɝʀɟɠɩ

³ ɥɛɫɭɛ

ɑɣɧɣ ɪʀɥɭɩɞɫɛɧɛɧɣ ɮ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɮ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɩ ɭʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɩɝʀ ɺɥʀ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɣ ɮ ɠɦɠɥɭɫɩɨɨʀɤ ɝɠɫɬʀʁ ɢɛ ɪɩɬɣɦɛɨɨɺɧ KWWS ZZZ ERKGDQ GLJLWDO FRP HGX

ɆəȼȲ ȿɋɎɂȲ Ɏ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɫɩɱʀ ɝɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɨɠɭɠ ɝɣɝɲɛɭɣ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɥɮɫɬ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ƚʀɨ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɣɭɷ ɝɛɧ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɮɺɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɟɛɦɠ ɥɩɞɩ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɞɩ ɨɛɳɩʁ ȼɛɭɷɥʀɝɴɣɨɣ ³ ɝʀɟ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ 9² 9,,, ɬɭ ɟɩ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;9Ȳ ɬɭ Ɉɛɟʀɤɨɣɧ ɪɩɧʀɲɨɣɥɩɧ ɮ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɬɭɛɨɠ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥ ɺɥɣɤ ɝɣ ɭɫɣɧɛɾɭɠ ɝ ɫɮ ɥɛɰ Ɋɫɩɪɩɨɮɾɧɩ ɝɛɧ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɪɩɫɛɟ ɟɩɭɫɣɧɛɨɨɺ ɺɥɣɰ ɾ ɢɛɪɩɫɮɥɩɹ ɮɬɪʀɳɨɩʁ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ ɢ ɨɣɧ ɨɛ ɮɫɩɥɛɰ ʀ ɝɟɩɧɛ Ɋɠɫɠɟ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɩɧ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ ɢ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɩɧ ɨɠ ɩɜɰʀɟɨɩ ɩɢɨɛɤɩɧɣɭɣɬɺ ɢɛ ɢɧʀɬɭɩɧ ɢ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɩɹ ɇɛɭɠɫʀɛɦ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɛ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɩ ɮ ɪ·ɺɭɷ ɫɩɢɟʀɦʀɝ ɥɩɡɠɨ ɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯʀɝ ɴɩ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɲɠɫɞɩɹ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɮɨɥɭɣ Ɏ ɭɠɥɬɭʀ ɝɣ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɭɠ ɝɣɟʀɦɠɨʀ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɪɩɨɺɭɭɺ ɭɠɫɧʀɨɣ ʀɧɠɨɛ ʀ ɟɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɺɥʀ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɭɣ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɮ ɮɝɛ ɞɮ Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɮ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɹɭɷ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨʀ ʀɦɹɬɭɫɛɱʀʁ ʀ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɋɩɢɞɦɺɟɛɹɲɣ ʀɦɹɬɭɫɛɱʀʁ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɩɝɩ ɲɣɭɛɤɭɠ ɪʀɟɪɣɬɣ ɟɩ ɨɣɰ ɺɥʀ ɪɩɺɬɨɹɹɭɷ ɢɧʀɬɭ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɩɞɩ Ȳɬɭɩɫɣɲɨʀ ɥɛɫɭɣ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɝɛɧ ɢ·ɺɬɮɝɛ ɭɣ ɟɠ ɬɛɧɠ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɪɫɩ ɺɥʀ ɤɟɠɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɭɠɥɬɭʀ ɛɜɩ ɺɥʀ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɣɦɣ ɉɪɫɛɱɷɩɝɮɤɭɠ ɪɩɟɛɨʀ ɮ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯɛɰ ɮɫɣɝɥɣ ɢ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɟɡɠ ɫɠɦ ɬɪɩɞɛɟʀɝ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɟɩɥɮɧɠɨɭʀɝ ɭɩɴɩ ʀ ɱʀɥɛɝʀ ɯɛɥɭɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɬɪɫɣɺɭɣ ɧɮɭɷ ɪɩɝɨʀɳɩɧɮ ɩɬɧɣɬɦɠɨɨɹ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɮ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɪɮɨɥɭɮ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯɛ ɢɛɪɫɩɪɩɨɩɝɛɨɩ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɺɥʀ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɝɛɧ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɭɣ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɮ ɟɮɧɥɮ ɩɪɫɛɱɷɩɝɛɨɩɞɩ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɮ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨʀ ɪʀɟ ʀɦɹɬɭɫɛɱʀɺɧɣ ʀ ɥɛɫɭɩɬɰɠɧɛɧɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɛɥɱɠɨɭɮɹɭɷ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɨɛ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɩɧɮ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯɛ ɪɩɟɛɨʀ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ Ƚɩɨɣ ɟɩɪɩɧɩ ɡɮɭɷ ɝɛɧ ɩɬɺɞɨɮɭɣ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦ ɢɛɞɛɦɩɧ ɂɛɥʀɨɲɣɝɳɣ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɮ ɭɠɧɮ ɝɣ ɧɛɭɣɧɠɭɠ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɪʀɟɬɮɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦ ɢɛ ɨɛɝɠɟɠ ɨɣɧɣ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɨɠʁ ɮɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɹɹɲɣɧɣ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɨɨɺɧɣ ʀ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺɧɣ Ʌɩɡɨɛ ɭɠɧɛ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷ ɩɟɨɠ ɟɝɛ ɪɫɛɥɭɣɲɨʀ ɢɛɨɺɭɭɺ ɢɛ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɨɮɭɣɧ ɧɛɭɠ ɫʀɛɦɩɧ Ⱦɩɭɮɹɲɣɬɷ ɟɩ ɨɣɰ ɬɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɩɪɫɛɱɹɤɭɠ ɪɩɟɛɨɣɤ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɭɠɥɬɭ ɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɩɪɣɫɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɫɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɛɱʀʁ ɝɲɣɭɠɦɺ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɤɭɠ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɋɠ ɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɣ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ ɩɜɞɩɝɩɫʀɭɷ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɮɲɨɺɧɣ ɨɛ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɩɧɮ ɮɫɩɱʀ Ƚɢɺɝɳɣ ɟɩ ɮɝɛɞɣ ɱʀ ɪɩɫɛɟɣ ɪɠɫɠɞɩɫɨʀɭɷ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɮ ɬɭɩɫʀɨɥɮ ɤ ɫɩɢɪɩɲ ɨʀɭɷ ɢɨɛɤɩɧɬɭɝɩ ɢ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɾɹ

ÓÌÎÂͲ ÏÎÇÍÀ×ÊÈ:

Ɋɨɛɨɬɚ ɡ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚɦɢ ɍɮɭ ɨɛɝɠɟɠɨɩ ɯɫɛɞɧɠɨɭɣ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨɣɰ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦʀɝ ɮɫɣɝɥɣ ɢ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɟɩɥɮɧɠɨɭʀɝ ɬɪɩɞɛɟʀɝ ɩɲɠɝɣɟɱʀɝ ɪɩɟʀɤ ɭɩɴɩ Ɋɩɭɫʀɜɨɩ ɪɫɩɲɣɭɛɭɣ ʀ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɬɭɣ ɨɛ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɨɣɰ

ɋɥɨɜɧɢɱɨɤ ɍɮɭ ɨɛɝɠɟɠɨɩ ɭɦɮɧɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɫɧʀɨʀɝ ʀ ɪɩɨɺɭɷ ɴɩ ɝɣɟʀ ɦɠɨʀ ɳɫɣɯɭɩɧ ɡɣɫɨɩɞɩ ɨɛɥɫɠɬɦɠɨɨɺ ɮ ɭɠɥɬɭʀ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯɛ

I

Ɂɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ ɑɠɤ ɢɨɛɥ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ ɟɩɟɛɭɥɩɝʀ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɮ ɭɠɥɬɭʀ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯʀɝ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ ɢ ɭɠɥɬɭɩɝɣɧ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɩɧ ɲɣ ʀɦɹɬɭɫɛɱʀɾɹ ɥɛɫɭɩɹ ȼɂɋɇɈȼɄɂ Ƚ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɪɮɨɥɭʀ ɝɣɥɦɛɟɠɨɩ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɭɠɢɣ ʀ ɪʀɟɬɮɧɩɝɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɠɬɷ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯɛ

ɁȺɄɊȱɉɂɆɈ ɁɇȺɇɇə Ƚ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɪɮɨɥɭʀ ɪɩɟɛɨɩ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɢɛɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɨɺ ɢɨɛɨɷ ɮɧʀɨɷ ʀ ɨɛɝɣɲɩɥ ɮɲɨʀɝ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɫɩɪɩɨɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɨɩɞɩ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɮ

ÂÑÒÓÏ. ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 1 Âèíèêíåííÿ ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè Ó öüîìó ðîçä³ë³ Âè ä³çíàºòåñÿ ïðî: Âåëèêå ðîçñåëåííÿ ñëîâ’ÿí, éîãî âïëèâ íà ³ñòîð³þ óêðà¿íñüêèõ çåìåëü Çàíÿòòÿ, â³ðóâàííÿ, ïåðø³ äåðæàâí³ óòâîðåííÿ ñõ³äíèõ ñëîâ’ÿí Âèíèêíåííÿ ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè òà ¿¿ ïåðøèõ êíÿç³â

ÏÎÂÒÎÐÈÌÎ ÂÈÂ×ÅÍÅ Ç ²ÑÒÎв¯ ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ Ó 6 ÊËÀѲ Ɏ ɧɮ ɥɦɛɬʀ Ƚɣ ɝɣɝɲɛɦɣ ɨɛɤɟɩɝɳɣɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɦɹɟɬɭɝɛ Ƚʀɨ ɩɰɩɪɦɹɾ ɲɛɬ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɺɝɣ ɪɠɫɳɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɟɩ 9 ɬɭ Ɇɣɳɠ ɪɠɫɠɦʀɥ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩ ɭɩɟʀ ɢɟɩɜɮɦɩ ɦɹɟɬɭɝɩ ɢɛɤɨɺɝ ɜɣ ɱʀɦɮ ɥɨɣɞɮ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɝɬɠ ɱɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɩɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɝɛɭɣ ʀ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɧɛ ɫɠɲɠɨ ɨɺɧɣ Ɇɹɟɬɭɝɩ ɝʀɟ ɪɠɫɝʀɬɨɩɬɭʀ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɦɩ ɟɩ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀɤɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɍɛɥɣɰ ɡɠ ɢɧʀɨ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɩ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɰɩɲɛ ɝɩɨɛ ʀ ɨɠ ɪɠ ɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɛ ɝ ɩɬɠɫɠɟɟʀ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀɤɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ Ɋɫɣɞɛɟɛɤɧɩ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɝʀɰɣ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɨɮɝɳɣ ʀ ɪɫɩɛɨɛɦʀɢɮɝɛɝɳɣ ɧɛɦɹɨɥɣ

I əɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɥɸɞɫɬɜɚ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ" əɤɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɪɹɞɞɹɦɢ ɩɪɚɰɿ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɥɸɞɢ" əɤɿ ʀɯɧɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɡɚɧɹɬɬɹ"

I ɓɨ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ

ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫ ɭ ɠɢɬɬɿ ɥɸɞɟɣ" əɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɥɸɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɦɚɝɚɜɫɹ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤ"

I əɤɿ ɧɨɜɿ ɡɚɧɹɬɬɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ

ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ" ɑɨɦɭ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɨɦ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɥɢ ɧɚɡɜɭ ©ɧɟɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɚ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɿɹª"

7

Âèíèêíåííÿ ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè

I əɤɭ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɭ

ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɧɚɦɚɝɚɜɫɹ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤ" ɓɨ ɩɪɨ ɰɟ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶ" əɤɿ ɡɚɧɹɬɬɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ"

I Ʉɨɥɢ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɥɚɫɹ

ȼɟɥɢɤɚ ɝɪɟɰɶɤɚ ɤɨɥɨɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ" ɑɢ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ" ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɦɿɫɬɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɉɪɢɱɨɪɧɨɦɨɪ¶ɹ ɬɚ Ʉɪɢɦɭ

I Ⱦɟ ɧɚ ɞɭɦɤɭ

ɜɱɟɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɚɫɹ ɩɪɚɛɚɬɶɤɿɜɳɢɧɚ ɫɥɨɜ¶ɹɧ" əɤɟ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɬɹ ɞɚɜɧɿɯ ɫɥɨɜ¶ɹɧ" ɑɢ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɟ ɜɨɧɨ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ" ɑɨɦɭ ɫɥɨɜ¶ɹɧɢ ɛɭɞɭɜɚɥɢ ɭɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɿ ɝɨɪɨɞɢɳɚ"

I ɓɨ ɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɥɨ

ɩɨɹɜɭ ɤɨɱɿɜɧɢɰɬɜɚ" ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɹɤɢɯ ɤɨɱɨɜɢɯ ɩɥɟɦɟɧ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ" ɓɨ ɜɚɦ ɩɪɨ ɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɨɦɨ"

§ 1. ÂÑÒÓÏ ÄÎ ÑÅÐÅÄÍÜβ×Íί ²ÑÒÎв¯ ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ Ȳɬɭɩɫʀɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɺɥ ɨɛɮɥɛ ʀ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭ ɂɛɥʀɨɲɣɦɣɬɺ ɦʀɭɨʀ ɥɛɨʀɥɮɦɣ ʀ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝɬɺ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɫʀɥ Ɏ ɥɦɛɬʀ ɝɣ ɬɠɫɠɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭʀɝ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɣɭɠ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɥɮɫɬɮ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ³ ɺɥ ɝɬɠɬɝʀɭɨɷɩʁ ɭɛɥ ʀ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɍɦɩɝɩ ©ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺª ɺɥ ɝɣ ɝɡɠ ɢɨɛɾɭɠ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɫɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɤ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛ ɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɺɥ ©ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺª ©ɩɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɟʀʁª ȿɛɝɨɷɩɞɫɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɪɣɬɷɧɠɨɨɣɥ ʀ ɝɲɠɨɣɤ Ⱦɠɫɩɟɩɭ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ©ɜɛɭɷɥɩɧ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁª ɨɛɢɣɝɛɝ ©ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺɧɣª ɬɝɩʁ ɩɪɩɝʀɟɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɞɫɠɥɩ ɪɠɫɬɷɥʀ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɍɠɫɧʀɨ ©ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺª ɧɛɾ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɷ Ȳɬɭɩɫʀɺ ɺɥ ɨɛɮɥɛ ɝɣɝɲɛɾ ɧɣɨɮɦɠ ɦɹɟ ɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɩɭ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɬɠɦɺɦɣ ɨɛɳɮ ɪɦɛɨɠɭɮ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳɣɰ ɲɛɬʀɝ ʀ ɟɩ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɠɨɨɺ Ɏɲɠɨɣɰ ɺɥʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɮɹɭɷ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɝ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɧɮ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɩɭ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɛɧɣ Ƚ ɩɬɨɩɝɮ ʁɰɨɷɩʁ ɱʀɥɛɝɩʁ ɛɦɠ ɤ ɟɮɡɠ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɩʁ ɪɫɛɱʀ ɪɩ ɥɦɛɟɠɨʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɯɛɥɭʀɝ ɭɛ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɟʀɤ Ɉɠɝʀɟ·ɾɧɨɩɹ ɬɥɦɛɟɩɝɩɹ ɝɬɠɬɝʀɭɨɷɩʁ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɾ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɑɠ ³ ɨɛɮɥɛ ɴɩ ɝɣɝɲɛɾ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɨɛ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɮ ɰɫɩɨɩɦɩ ɞʀɲɨʀɤ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨɩɬɭʀ ɭɛ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɾ ɤɩɞɩ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧʀɫɨɩɬɭʀ Ƚɩɨɛ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɮɾ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɴɩ ɨɛɬɠɦɺɦɣ ɨɛɬɠɦɺɹɭɷ ɭɠɫɣɭɩ ɫʀɹ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɮ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɢ ɨɠɹ ɪɩɟɝɣɞɣ ɟɫɛɧɣ ɭɫʀɮɧɯɣ ʀ ɭɫɛɞɠɟʀʁ Ȳɬɭɩɫɣɲɨʀ ɯɛɥɭɣ ³ ɨɠ ɝɣɞɛɟɛɨʀ ɝɣɪɛɟɥɣ ɺɥʀ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ Ȳɬɭɩɫɣɲɨʀ ɪɩɟʀʁ ³ ɬɮɥɮɪɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɣɰ ɧʀɡ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɰ ɯɛɥɭʀɝ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɺɥʀ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɺɭɷ ɾɟɣɨɠ ɱʀɦɠ Ȳɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɛ ɨɛɮɥɛ ɨɠ ɬɭɩʁɭɷ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɨɩɝɣɧ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭɺɧ ɝɩɨɛ ɩɨɩɝɦɹɾ ɤ ɪɩɞɦɣɜɦɹɾ ɨɛɳʀ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨʀ ɪɩɟʀʁ Ɉɛ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɷ ɮɲɠɨɣɰ ʀɬɭɩ ɫɣɥʀɝ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭ ©ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣª ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɝɣ ɪɫɩ ɟɩɝɡɣɭɠ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ Ƚʀɨ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɾ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɠ ɜɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɞɩ ɨɛɳɩʁ ȼɛɭɷɥʀɝ ɴɣɨɣ

I ɓɨ ɜɢɜɱɚɽ ɿɫɬɨɪɿɹ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ" Ɋɠɫʀɩɟɣɢɛɱʀɺ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ȿɡɠɫɠɦɛ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ȳɬɭɩɫʀɹ ɦɹɟɬɭɝɛ ɺɥ ɝɣ ɝɡɠ ɢɨɛɾɭɠ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɥɣ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɪɠɝɨʀ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɣ Ɋɠɫʀɩɟɣɢɛɱʀɺ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɝɬɠɬɝʀɭɨʀɤ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɛɦɠ ɧɛɾ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɺɥʀ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɬɪɠɱɣɯʀɥɮ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɦɹɟ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɨɛ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ

9

Âèíèêíåííÿ ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè

Ȳɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɛ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɣɢɛɱʀɺ ³ ɪɩɟʀɦ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɨɛ ɪɠɝɨʀ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɣ ɴɩ ɾ ʀɬɭɩ ɫɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɠɭɛɪɛɧɣ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɛɜɩ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɭɛ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ʀ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɟʀɺɧɣ ɺɝɣɴɛɧɣ ɛɜɩ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɛɧɣ Ƚʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ ɟɩ ɲɣɨɨɩʁ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɣɢɛɱʀʁ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɬɭɛɫɩɟɛɝɨɹ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺ Ɉɛɤɭɫɣɝɛɦʀɳɣɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɴɩ ɩɰɩɪɦɹɾ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɺɝɣ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɟɩ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɮ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ ɋɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɝʀɟ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɟɩ ɥʀɨɱɺ ;9 ɬɭ ɨɩɝɮ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɾ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɮ ;9,²;,; ɬɭ ɨɩɝʀɭɨɹ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ ɂɨɛɤɩɧɣɭɷ ʀɢ ɪɩɟʀɺɧɣ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;; ɬɭ ɟɩ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɠɨɨɺ

1 ìëí ð. äî í. å.

0 476 ð.

ñòàðîäàâíÿ ³ñòîð³ÿ

1492 ð.

ñåðåäíüîâ³÷íà ³ñòîð³ÿ

1914 ð.

íîâà ³ñòîð³ÿ

í. å.

íîâ³òíÿ ³ñòîð³ÿ

Ɋʀɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɞɩ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɤ ɛɨɛɦʀɢɮ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɥɛɧɣ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɟɡɠɫɠɦ ȿɩɬɦʀɟɡɮɹɲɣ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨʀ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ ɝɲɠɨʀ ɟʀɢɨɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɭɠ ɺɥɣɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɮ ɪɠɝɨʀ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨʀ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɣ Ȳɬɨɮɹɭɷ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɭɣɪɣ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɟɡɠ ɫɠɦ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɺɥɣɰ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɾ ɫɠɲɩɝʀ ɮɬɨʀ ɪɣɬɠɧɨʀ ɧɩɝɨʀ ɠɭɨɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɯɩɭɩ ʀ ɥʀɨɩɟɩɥɮɧɠɨɭɣ Ʌɩɡɨɠ ɩɥɫɠɧɠ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɩ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɾ ɦɣɳɠ ɪɠɝɨɮ ɞɫɛɨɷ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɞɩ ʀ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷ ɩɜɧɠɡɠɨɣɤ ɩɜɬɺɞ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɩʁ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀʁ ɉɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɝɩɫɱɺɧɣ ɝɬʀɰ ɪɛɧ·ɺ ɭɩɥ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɣ ɦɹɟɣ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨʀ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɹɭɷ ʁɰɨɾ ɜɛɲɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɬɪɫɣɤ ɨɺɭɭɺ ɪɩɟʀɤ Ȳɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɠ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɩ ɾ ɬɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɞɩ ɺɥ ʀ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɣɤ ɬɝʀɟɩɥ ɴɩɬɷ ɨɠɟɩɞɩɝɩɫɹɾ ɪɫɩ ɴɩɬɷ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɾ ʀɨɩɟʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɩ ɝɝɩɟɣɭɷ ɝ ɩɧɛɨɮ Ɏɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɪɩɝɨɮ ɥɛɫɭɣɨɮ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɮ ɪɠɝɨɣɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝʀɟɭɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɬɪɩ ɬɩɜɩɧ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɨɺ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀʁ ɢ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɟɡɠɫɠɦ ʁɰ ɥɫɣɭɣɲ ɨɩɞɩ ɛɨɛɦʀɢɮ ɂɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɛ ³ ɭɛɥ ɪɩɬɭɛɝɣɭɣ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ ɴɩɜ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɟʀɢɨɛɭɣɬɺ ʀ ɝ ɭɩɤ ɡɠ ɲɛɬ ɨɠ ɬɭɛɭɣ ɡɠɫɭɝɩɹ ɩɜɧɛɨɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɮ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɮɹɭɷ ɢɛ ɫɠɲɩɝɣɧɣ ɪɣɬɠɧɨɣɧɣ ɮɬɨɣ ɧɣ ɧɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɭɛ ɠɭɨɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɧɣ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛɧɣ Ȳɬɭɩɫɣɲɨʀ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ ³ ɝɬɠ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɠ ɝ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɢɜɠ ɫɠɡɠɨɠ ɟɩ ɨɛɳɣɰ ɟɨʀɝ ɴɩ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɺɾ ɝɣɝɲɛɭɣ ɧɣɨɮɦɠ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷ ɬɭɝɛ ʀ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɾ ɤɩɞɩ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɤ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ

10

ÂÑÒÓÏ. ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 1

²ñòîðè÷í³ äæåðåëà ðå÷îâ³ çàëèøêè áóä³âåëü, ïîõîâàííÿ, çíàðÿääÿ ïðàö³, ïîáóòó, çáðîÿ, ïðèêðàñè òîùî

óñí³ ëåãåíäè, áèëèíè, ïåðåêàçè, êàçêè, ï³ñí³ òîùî

ïèñåìí³ ë³òîïèñè, äîêóìåíòè, äîãîâîðè òîùî

ȌȐȓșȳȞțȳ ȝȞȖȘȞȎȟȖ ȥȎȟȳȐ Ǿȡȟȳ ȁȘȞȎȴțȖ ©ǹȳȠȜȝȖȟ ȚȖțȡșȖȣ șȳȠ ª

åòíîãðàô³÷í³ ðåçóëüòàòè äîñë³äæåíü åòíîãðàô³â

ìîâí³ äàí³ ç ³ñòî𳿠ðîçâèòêó ìîâè

ǰȓșȖȘȜȒțȳ ȝȖȟȎțȘȖ

ǽȖȟȪȚȜȐȳ ȝȞȖșȎȒȒȭ ȥȎȟȳȐ Ǿȡȟȳ ȁȘȞȎȴțȖ

I əɤɿ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɞɨɰɿɥɶɧɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɨʀ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ ɍɤɪɚ ʀɧɢ"

ɔɩ ɝɣɝɲɛɾ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɛ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ" Ʌɨɣɞɛ ɺɥɮ ɝɣ ɭɫɣɧɛɾɭɠ ɝ ɫɮɥɛɰ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɡɠ ɝɛɧ ɟʀɢɨɛɭɣɬɺ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɮ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ɋɫɛɱɹɹɲɣ ɢ ɨɠɹ ɝɣ ɢɧɩɡɠɭɠ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɮɺɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɭɠ ɺɥ ɪʀɬɦɺ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɬɭʀ ȿɩɝʀɟɛɾɭɠɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɭɠ ɺɥ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɛ ʀ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɛɧɣ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ³ ɋɮɬɷ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ȿʀɢɨɛɾɭɠɬɺ ɪɫɩ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɭɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɝ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɬɭʀ Ɋɫɩɬɭɠɡɣɭɠ ɺɥ ʀ ɲɩɧɮ ɮɥɫɛ ʁɨɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɩɪɣɨɣɦɣɬɷ ɮ ɬɥɦɛɟʀ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ɋɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɮ ɟɫɮɞʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ;,9²;9 ɬɭ Ɉɛ ɬɭɩɫʀɨɥɛɰ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɛ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɝɛɳɣɧɣ ɩɲɣɧɛ ɪɩɬɭɛɨɮɭɷ ɰɩɫɩɜɫʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɞɩɫ ɟɩɝɣɭʀ ɜɩɺɫɣ ɧɮɟɫʀ ɟʀɺɲʀ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ʀ ɭɛɦɛɨɩɝɣɭʀ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɲʀ Ɏ ɝɛɬ ɜɮɟɠ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ

Âèíèêíåííÿ ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè

11

ɢɛɢɣɫɨɮɭɣ ɢɛ ɢɛɝʀɬɮ ɲɛɬɮ ʀ ɬɪɫɩɜɮɝɛɭɣ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɭɣ ɟʀʁ ɭɛ ɝɲɣɨɥɣ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɥɩɭɫʀ ɡɣɦɣ ɢɛɟɩɝɞɩ ɟɩ ɝɛɳɩɞɩ ɨɛɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ȿʀɢɨɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɪɫɩ ʁɰɨʀɤ ɝɨɠɬɩɥ ɮ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩ ɞɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɝɣ ɢɧɩɡɠɭɠ ɪɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɭɣɬɺ ɺɥ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɫɩɜɣɦɣ ɟɦɺ ɬɝɩɾʁ ȼɛɭɷɥʀɝɴɣɨɣ ɑɠ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɣɭɷ ɝɛɧ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɭɣ ɲɩɧɮ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɬɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɝɛɭɣ ɴɩ ɝ ɭɩɤ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɣɤ ʀ ɟɛɦɠɥɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɢɛɥɦɛɟɛɦɣɬɺ ɪʀɟɝɛɦɣɨɣ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩʁ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨɩʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɉɭɡɠ ɢɛɪɫɩɳɮɾɧɩ ɝɛɬ ɟɩ ɱʀɥɛɝɩʁ ɭɛ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɹɹɲɩʁ ɪɩɟɩɫɩɡʀ ɳɦɺɰɛɧɣ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɉɠɰɛɤ ɝɛɳɣɧ ɪɮɭʀɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɮ ɨʀɤ ɬɭɛɨɠ ɱɠɤ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥ

I əɤɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɩɨɞɿʀ ɜɢɜɱɚɽ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɚ ɿɫɬɨɪɿɹ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ" Ɋɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɢɝɣ ©ɋɮɬɷª ɉɬɨɩɝɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɥɨɣɞɣ ɜɮɟɠ ɪɫɣɬɝɺɲɠɨɩ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ʁʁ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɹ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭɮ ʀ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟɮ ɂɝʀɟɥʀɦɺ ɪɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɱɺ ɨɛɢɝɛ" Ɏ ©Ɋɩɝʀɬɭʀ ɧɣɨɮɦɣɰ ɦʀɭª Ɉɠɬɭɩɫ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ ɪʀɟ ɫ ɢɛɪɣɬɛɝ ɴɩ ©ɬɭɛɦɛ ɨɛ ɢɣɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɨɛɳɛ ɢɠɧɦɺ ³ ɋɮɬɷɥɛ ɢɠɧɦɺª ɑɹ ɨɛɢɝɮ ɝʀɨ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɝ ɬɭɩɬɩɝɨɩ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɺɥʀ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɣ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɍɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɥɣ ɬɪɠɫɠɲɛ ɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɢɝɣ ©ɋɮɬɷª Ɏ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɛɰ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɟɡɠ ɫɠɦɛɰ ɝɩɨɛ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɝ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺɰ ɀɭɨʀɲɨɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ³ ɨɛɫɩɟ ɪɦɠɧ·ɺ ɭɩɴɩ Ɍɩɱʀɛɦɷɨɠ ³ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɣɤ ɪɫɩɳɛɫɩɥ ɛɜɩ ɬɭɛɨ Ⱦɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɠ ³ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ ɢɠɧɦɺ Ɋɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɠ ³ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɉɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɝɠɫɬʀʁ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɢɝɣ Ɍɥɛɨɟɣɨɛɝɬɷɥɛ ³ ɝʀɟ ɬɰɩɡɣɰ ɨɛɢɝ ɩɥɫɮɞʀɝ ɮ Ɍɥɛɨɟɣɨɛɝʀʁ ɢʀ ɬɰɩɡɩɹ ɨɛɢɝɩɹ ɏʀɨɬɷɥɛ ³ ɝʀɟ ɬɦɩɝɛ ©UXRWVLª ɺɥɣɧ ɯʀɨɬɷɥʀ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɝɛɫɺɞʀɝ ɝʀɥʀɨɞʀɝ

Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɛ ³ ɝʀɟ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɨɛɢɝ ɫʀɲɩɥ ʀɢ ɥɩɫɠɨɠɧ ©ɫɩɬª ɮ Ɉɛɟɟɨʀɪɫɺɨɴɣɨʀ ɭɛ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ʀɦɷɧɠɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɦɩɝɠɨʀɝ Ɍɛɫɧɛɭɬɷɥɛ ³ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɢɝɣ ©ɫɮɬɣª ɺɥɮ ɛɫɛɜɣ ʀ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɬɭɩɬɩɝɨɩ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ʀ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨʀɢɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɬɛɫɧɛɭʀɝ ³ ɫɩɥɬɩɦɛɨʀɝ ɴɩ ɝɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɟɩ ɛɨɭ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɩɹɢɮ ɂɛ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɧɣ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺɧɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥʀɝ ɬɰɣɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɩ ɟɮɧɥɣ ɴɩ ɬɦɩ ɝɩ ©ɫɮɬɷª ³ ɯʀɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɛɜɩ ɬɥɛɨɟɣɨɛɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɨɣɧ ɬɪɠɫɳɮ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɭɣɰ ɝɛɫɺɞʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɦɣ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɮ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ɋɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɱʀ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɣ ɪɩɪɩɝɨɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɛɧɣ ɍɠɫɧʀɨ ©ɫɮɬɷª ɬɭɛɝ ɪɩɳɣɫɹɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɝɬʀɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɮɢɛɞɛɦʀ ɉɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɣ ɬɪɣɫɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɮ ɭɩ ɭʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɺɥʀ ʁɧ ɪʀɟɪɩɫɺɟɥɩɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɟʀɬɭɛɦɣ ɨɛɢɝɮ ©ɋɮɬɷɥɛ ɢɠɧɦɺª Ɏ ɝɮɢɷɥɩɧɮ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨʀ ©ɋɮɬɷɥɩɹ ɢɠɧɦɠɹª ɜɮɦɣ ɨɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɪɦɠɧɠɨʀ ɪɩɦɺɨ ɴɩ ɧɠɳɥɛɦɣ ɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɧɮ Ɋɩɟɨʀɪɫɩɝ·ʁ Ʌɩɦɣ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɋɹɫɣɥɛ ɉɦɠɞ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝ ɪɩɦɺɨɬɷɥɣɤ Ʌɣʁɝ ʀ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɭɩɦɣɱɠɹ ɾɟɣɨɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ʁʁ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɭɣ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɹ ɋɮɬɬɹ Ƚʀɟɭɩɟʀ ɨɛɢɝɛ ©ɋɮɬɷª ɛɜɩ ©ɋɮɬɷɥɛ ɢɠɧɦɺª ɬɭɛɦɛ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɝ ɳɣɫɩɥɩɧɮ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨʀ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɝɬʀɾʁ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɺɥɮ ɢɛɬɠɦɺɦɣ ɬɰʀɟɨʀ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ ɂ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ ɴɩɟɩ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ

12

ÂÑÒÓÏ. ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 1

Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɋɮɬʀ ɪɩɫɺɟ ɢ ɨɛɢɝɩɹ ©ɋɮɬɷª ɪɩɲɣɨɛɾ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɨɛɢ ɝɛ ©Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛª ɺɥɛ ɝɡɣɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɮ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨʀ ɥɫɛɤ ɛɜɩ ɩɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɐɩɲɛ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɝʀɟɩɧʀ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɛɧ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɛ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺɧ ɬɥɛɨɟɣɨɛ ɝɛɧɣ ʀ ɝ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɛɰ ɜɮɦɩ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɝɛɫɺɞʀɝ ɱɠ ɨɠ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɝɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɣɧ ɲɣɨɨɣɥɩɧ ɮ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨʀ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɬɭʀ ȳʁ ɝɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɬʀɧ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɣɦɣ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɭɝɩɫɲʀ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɣ ɝ ɬɛɧɩɧɮ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝʀ

I Ɂɜɿɞɤɿɥɹ ɩɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɚɡɜɚ ©Ɋɭɫɶª" ɓɨ ɜɨɧɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɽ" ɚɥ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɭɣ ɢ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɩɧ Ɋɠɫɳ ɨʀɡ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɭɣ ɫɩɜɩɭɮ ɢ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɩɧ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩ ɪɩɢɨɛɤɩɧɣɭɣɬɺ ɢ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɧʀɬɭɩɧ ʀ ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɩɹ ɇɛɭɠɫʀɛɦ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɛ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɩ ɝ ɪ·ɺɭɷ ɫɩɢɟʀɦʀɝ ɥɩɡɠɨ ɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɲɩɭɣɫɷɩɰ ɟɩ ɳɠɬɭɣ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯʀɝ ɴɩ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɲɠɫɞɩɹ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɪɮɨɥɭʀɝ Ɏ ɭɠɥɬɭʀ ɝɣ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɨɠɭɠ ɬɦɩɝɛ ʀ ɟɛɭɣ ɝɣɫʀɢɨɠɨʀ ɳɫɣɯɭɩɧ ɡɣɫ ɨɩɞɩ ɨɛɥɫɠɬɦɠɨɨɺ ɑɠ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɭɣ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɮ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɚɥ ɝɣ ɝɡɠ ɢɨɛɾɭɠ ɢ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺ ɺɥ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɛ ʀɨɳɛ ɨɛɮɥɛ ɧɛɾ ɝɦɛɬɨɮ ɭɠɫɧʀ ɨɩɦɩɞʀɹ ɺɥɮ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɭɣ Ɋʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷ ɟɛɭɣ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɰ ɪɩɟʀɤ ɝɣɢɨɛ ɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɨɺɭɷ ʀ ɭɠɫɧʀɨʀɝ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀɹ ɪɫɩ ɝɣɟɛɭɨɣɰ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɟʀɺɲʀɝ Ɋɫɛɱɹɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɢɛɨɺɭɭɺɰ ʀ ɝɟɩɧɛ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɩɝɩ ɪɠɫɠɝʀɫɺɭɣ ɬɠɜɠ ɴɩɜ ɪɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɭɣɬɺ ɲɣ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩ ɝɣ ɢɛɪɛɧ·ɺɭɛɦɣ ɰɫɩɨɩɦɩɞʀɹ ɪɩɟʀɤ ʀɧɠɨɛ ɩɬʀɜ ɨɩɝʀ ɪɩɨɺɭɭɺ ʀ ɭɠɫɧʀɨɣ Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɮ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɨɛɝɠɟɠɨʀ ɝ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɮ ɟɩɥɮ ɧɠɨɭɣ ʀɦɹɬɭɫɛɱʀʁ ɥɛɫɭɣ ʀ ɬɰɠɧɣ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɨɣɰ Ɋɫɛɱɹɹɲɣ ɢ ɝʀɟɪɩ ɝʀɟɨɣɧ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯɩɧ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩ ɪɫɩɲɣɭɛɭɣ ɝɨɠɬɠɨɣɤ ɟɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɟɩɥɮɧɠɨɭ ʀ ɝʀɟɪɩ ɝʀɬɭɣ ɨɛ ɪɩɬɭɛɝɦɠɨʀ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɋɩɢɞɦɺɟɛɹɲɣ ʀɦɹɬɭɫɛɱʀʁ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɩɝɩ ɢɝɠɫɭɛɤɭɠ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɨɛ ɪʀɟɪɣɬɣ ɺɥʀ ɪɩɺɬɨɹɹɭɷ ɢɧʀɬɭ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɩɞɩ Ɍɰɠɧɛ ɫɩɢɥɫɣɾ ɝɛɧ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ɧʀɡ ɬɥɦɛɟɩɝɣɧɣ ɪɠɝɨɩɞɩ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɺɝɣɴɛ ɪɩɺɬɨɣɭɷ ɤɩɞɩ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɭɩɴɩ ɋɩɜɩɭɛ ɢ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɩɹ ɥɛɫɭɩɹ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɣɭɷ ɢ·ɺɬɮɝɛɭɣ ɟɠ ɬɛɧɠ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɪɫɩ ɺɥʀ ɤɟɠɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɭɠɥɬɭʀ ɛɜɩ ɺɥʀ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɣɦɣ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯɛ ɪɩɟɛɨɩ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɮɭɩɲɨɹɹɲʀ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɝɧʀɴɠɨʀ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɪɮɨɥɭɮ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯɛ ɺɥʀ ɛɥɱɠɨɭɮɹɭɷ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɨɛ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɮ ɢɧʀɬɭʀ ɪɮɨɥɭɮ ɂɛɥʀɨɲɣɝɳɣ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɮ ɭɠɧɮ ɝɣ ɧɛɭɣɧɠɭɠ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɪʀɟɬɮɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦ ɢɛ ɨɛɝɠɟɠɨɣɧɣ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɨɠʁ ɮɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɹɹɲɣɧɣ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺɧɣ ɍɠɬɭɩɝʀ ɢɛɝɟɛɨ ɨɺ ɟɩ ɭɠɧɣ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɺɹɭɷ ɝɛɧ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɭɣ ɬɛɧɩɪɠɫɠɝʀɫɥɮ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɢɨɛɨɷ ɢɛ ʁʁ ɧɛ ɭɠɫʀɛɦɩɧ ȿɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩɜ ɝɛɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɫɮɲɨʀɳɠ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɭɣ ɢ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɩɧ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩ ɢɝɠɫɭɛ ɭɣ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɨɛ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨʀ ɨɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɭɩɫʀɨɥɛɰ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɥɣ ɭɛ ʁɰɨɾ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ©ȿɩɥɮɧɠɨɭɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɭɷª ³ ɝɛɧ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩ ɪɫɩɲɣɭɛɭɣ ɨɛɝɠɟɠɨʀ ɭɮɭ ɯɫɛɞ ɧɠɨɭɣ ɢ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɟɡɠɫɠɦ ʀ ɟɛɭɣ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟʀ ɨɛ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɨɣɰ ©ɑʀɥɛɝʀ ɯɛɥɭɣª ³ ɮ ɱʀɤ ɫɮɜɫɣɱʀ ɝɣ ɢɨɛɤɟɠɭɠ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɱʀɥɛɝɣɰ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɯɛɥɭʀɝ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɣɰ ɢʀ ɢɧʀɬɭɩɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɪɫɩ ɴɩ ɤɟɠɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯʀ

Âèíèêíåííÿ ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè

13

©Ɋɩɬɭɛɭɷ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁª ³ ɪʀɟ ɭɛɥɩɹ ɫɮɜɫɣɥɩɹ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɩ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀɹ ɪɫɩ ɝɣɟɛɭɨɣɰ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɟʀɺɲʀɝ ɺɥɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɡɠ ɝɛɧ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɭɣ ʁɰɨʀɤ ɝɨɠɬɩɥ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ ©ɍɠɫɧʀɨɣ ʀ ɪɩɨɺɭɭɺª ³ ɭɮɭ ɝɣ ɢɨɛɤɟɠɭɠ ɭɦɮɧɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɝɠɟɠɨɣɰ ɮ ɭɠɥɬɭʀ ɪɩ ɨɺɭɷ ʀ ɭɠɫɧʀɨʀɝ ©ɋɩɢɞɦɺɨɷɭɠ ɧɛɦɹɨɩɥ ʀ ɬɥɦɛɟʀɭɷ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɷª ³ ɱɺ ɫɮɜɫɣɥɛ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɬɪɫɺɧɩɝɛɨʀ ɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɩɜɫɛɢɮ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɮ ɴɩ ɝɣɝɲɛɾɭɷɬɺ ©ɂɛɥɫʀɪɣɧɩ ɢɨɛɨɨɺª ³ ɨɛɝɠɟɠɨʀ ɭɮɭ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɝɛɧ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɭɣ ɬɛɧɩɪɠɫɠɝʀɫɥɮ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɺɭɷ ɮɬɝʀɟɩɧɣɭɣ ɪɫɩɲɣɭɛɨɠ ©Ȳɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀɤɨʀ ɫɠɬɮɫɬɣª ³ ɭɮɭ ɝɣ ɢɨɛɤɟɠɭɠ ɪɩɬɣɦɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɟɩɟɛɭɥɩɝʀ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛ ɱʀɤɨʀ ɫɠɬɮɫɬɣ ɺɥʀ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɝɛɧ ɥɫɛɴɠ ɩɪɛɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦ ©Ɋɫɛɥɭɣɲɨɛ ɫɩɜɩɭɛª ³ ɱɠɤ ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɨɣɤ ɠɦɠɧɠɨɭ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɛ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷ ɨɠ ɩɜɰʀɟɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɣ ɟɦɺ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɪɫɛɥɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɫɩɜʀɭ ɪɠɫɠɟɜɛɲɠɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɧɩɹ ©ɂɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɮɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɠɨɨɺª ³ ɪʀɟ ɭɛɥɩɹ ɫɮɜɫɣɥɩɹ ɝɧʀɴɠɨɩ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɮ ɢɛ ɝɟɛɨɷ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɢɛɟɛɲ ʀ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɨɷ ɺɥʀ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɺɭɷ ɮɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɣɭɣ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɨʀ ɢɟɩɜɮ ɭʀ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɑʀ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɛ ɝɥɛɢʀɝɥɩɹ ɝɲɣɭɠɦɺ ɛɜɩ ɭɣɧɣ ɮɲɨɺɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɭɷ ɪɩɞɦɣɜɣɭɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ©ɂɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɱʀɨɹɝɛɨɨɺª ³ ɮ ɱʀɤ ɫɮɜɫɣɱʀ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷɬɺ ɨɠɩɜ ɰʀɟɨɣɤ ɨɛɜʀɫ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɷ ɟɦɺ ɪɫɩɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɱʀɨɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɨɛɨɷ

ȼɂɋɇɈȼɄɂ Ɇɹɟɺɧ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩ ɝɣɝɲɛɭɣ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɜɠɢ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɧɣɨɮ ɦɩɞɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɠ ɢɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɭɣ ɬɮɲɛɬɨʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɬɪɫɩɞɨɩɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɾ Ȳɬɭɩɫʀɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɱʀɨɨɩɞɩ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɨɨɺ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɠɨɨɺ Ƚ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɝ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɧɮ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɣ ɬɰɩɡʀ ɨɛ ɭʀ ɴɩ ɤ ɝ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɰ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɭɛ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɍɩɧɮ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɺɥ ʀ ɝɬɠɬɝʀɭɨɹ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɬɭɛɫɩɟɛɝɨʀɤ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɨɩɝɣɤ ʀ ɨɩɝʀɭɨʀɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɣ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺ Ʌɣʁɝ ɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɭɛ ʁʁ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɾɧɱʀɝ ȿɩɝʀɟɛɭɣɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɞɩ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɦɣɳɠ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɨɨɹ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀʁ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɨɩʁ ɢ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɟɡɠɫɠɦ ɁȺɄɊȱɉɂɆɈ ɁɇȺɇɇə ȇȜ ȐȖȐȥȎȱ ȟȓȞȓȒțȪȜȐȳȥțȎ ȳȟȠȜȞȳȭ ȁȘȞȎȴțȖ" ǻȎ ȭȘȳ ȝȓȞȳȜȒȖ ȝȜȒȳșȭȬȠȪ ȳȟȠȜȞȳȭ ȁȘȞȎȴțȖ" ǵȎ ȭȘȖȚȖ ȠȖȝȎȚȖ ȳȟȠȜȞȖȥțȖȣ ȒȔȓȞȓș ȐȖȐȥȎȬȠȪ ȟȓȞȓȒțȪȜȐȳȥțȡ ȳȟȠȜȞȳȬ ȁȘȞȎȴțȖ" ȍȘȖȚ ȱ ȝȜȣȜȒȔȓțțȭ țȎȕȐȖ ǾȡȟȪ"

§ 2. ÑÕ²ÄͲ ÑËÎÂ’ßÍÈ — ÏÐÅÄÊÈ ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÖ²Â Ó VI–IX ÑÒ.

I əɤɿ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɢ ɡɚɫɟɥɢɥɢ ɫɥɨɜ¶ɹɧɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ "

Ɍɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɬɪɫɣɲɣ ɨɣɦɩ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭʀ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ʉɩɞɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɩɝɩɹ ɮ 9 ɬɭ ɜɮɦɩ Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɫɩɢɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ Ɏ ɭɩɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥʀ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛ ɛɨ ɭʀɝ ʀ ɬɥɦɛɝɣɨʀɝ ɢʀ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɪɫɛɜɛɭɷɥʀɝɴɣɨɣ ɮ ɧɠɡɣɫʀɲɲʀ ȿɨʀɪɫɛ ʀ Ƚʀɬɦɣ ɫɮɳɣɦɣ ɟɩ Ɋɩɟɮɨɛɝ·ɺ ɨɛɜɦɣɢɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɟɩ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ Ʌɩɫ ɟɩɨɣ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɨɠ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɬɠɫɤɩɢɨɩɹ ɪɠɫɠ ɳɥɩɟɩɹ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ Ɏ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ȼɛɦɥɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɝʀɤɨ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ ɬɭɛɨɩɧ ɨɛ ɥʀɨɠɱɷ 9,, ɬɭ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɪɩɝɨʀɬɭɹ ɩɝɩɦɩɟʀɦɣ ȼɛɦɥɛɨɬɷɥɣɧ ɪʀɝɩɬ ɭɫɩɝɩɧ

Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɫɩɢɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ³ ɫɩɢɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ʀɢ ʁɰɨɷɩʁ ɪɫɛɜɛɭɷɥʀɝɴɣɨɣ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɩʁ ɧʀɡ ȿɨʀɪɫɩɧ ʀ Ƚʀɬɦɩɹ ɨɛ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ 9²9,, ɬɭ ɉɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫʀɝ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷ ɨɩʁ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɭɛ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

Ñõ³äí³ ñëîâ’ÿíè ó V–VII ñò.

Ñóñï³ëüíèé óñòð³é

Ðîäîâà îáùèíà

I əɤ ɨɡɛɪɨɽɧɿ ɫɥɨɜ¶ɹɧɫɶɤɿ ɜɨʀɧɢ"

ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɡ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ ɫɬɚɪɨɞɚɜɧɶɨɝɨ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɹɤɢɣ ɛɨɣɨɜɢɣ ɫɬɪɿɣ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭ ɜɚɥɢ ɫɥɨɜ¶ɹɧɢ ɜ ɛɨɸ

Ñóñ³äñüêà îáùèíà

Ïîë³òè÷íèé óñòð³é

Âîºííà äåìîêðàò³ÿ

гâíîäåðæàâí³ óòâîðåííÿ

Çàíÿòòÿ

³ðóâàííÿ (ÿçè÷íèöòâî)

Çåìëåðîáñòâî

Êóëüò ïðåäê³â

Ñêîòàðñòâî

Îáîæíåííÿ ÿâèù ïðèðîäè

Ïðîìèñëè (ïîëþâàííÿ, ðèáàëüñòâî, áîðòíèöòâî òîùî) Ðåìåñëà

Çåìëåðîáñüê³ êóëüòè

15

Âèíèêíåííÿ ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɾɱɷ Ȳɩɛɨɨ ɀɯɠɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɨɛ ȼɛɦɥɛɨɣ

©Ɉɛ ɭɫɠɭɷɩɧɮ ɫɩɱʀ ɪɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ əɬɭɣɨɛ ɫɮɳɣɝ ɪɫɩɥɦɺɭɣɤ ɨɛɫɩɟ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɫɩɤɳɩɝ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɮɬɹ ɀɦɦɛɟɮ ʀ ɪɩ ɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɏɠɬɬɛɦɩɨʀɱʀ ʀ ɪɩ ɯɫɛɥʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɫɩɝʀɨɱʀɺɰ ɂɟɩɜɮɝ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɧʀɬɭ ʀ ɯɩɫɭɠɱɷ ɬɪɛɦɣɝ ɪɩ ɞɫɛɜɮɝɛɝ ʀ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɝ ɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɬʀɝ ɨɛ ɨʀɤ ɝɦɛɟɨɩ ʀ ɜɠɢ ɬɭɫɛɰɮ ɺɥ ɮ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɝɦɛɬ ɨʀɤ Ƚɩɨɣ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɣ ɝɬʀ ʀɧɪɠɫɬɷɥʀ ɭɛɜɮɨɣ ɤ ʀɨɳɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɡɣɝɮɭɷ ɬɣɟɺɭɷ ʀ ɞɫɛɜɮɹɭɷ ɮ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɫɩɝʀɨɱʀɺɰ ɜɠɢ ɭɮɫɜɩɭ ʀ ɬɭɫɛɰɮ ɮɜɣɝɛɹɲɣ ʀ ɬɪɛɦɹ ɹɲɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɧɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɢɩɦɩɭɩ ʀ ɬɫʀɜɦɩ ɭɛɜɮɨɣ ɥɩɨɠɤ ʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɢɜɫɩʁ Ƚɩɨɣ ɨɛɝɲɣɦɣɬɺ ɝɠɬɭɣ ɝʀɤɨɮ ɥɫɛɴɠ ɢɛ ɫɣɧɦɺɨ >ʀ ɝɬɠ ɡ ɝɩɨɣ@ ɦɹɟɣ ɪɫɩɬɭʀ ɺɥʀ ɨɠ ɬɧʀɦɣ ɢ·ɺɝɣɭɣɬɺ ɢ ɦʀɬʀɝ ʀ ɬɭɠɪʀɝ ʀ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɦɣ ɴɩ ɭɛɥɠ ɢɜɫɩɺ ɢɛ ɝɣɨɺɭɥɩɧ ɟɝɩɰ ɛɜɩ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɟɫɩɭɣɥʀɝª

I əɤɿ ɮɚɤɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɯɨɞɢ ɫɥɨɜ¶ɹɧ ɧɚ Ȼɚɥɤɚɧɢ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿ" əɤ ɚɜ

ɬɨɪ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɩɨɞɿɣ ɩɪɨ ɹɤɿ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ" ɑɨɦɭ ɭ ɜɚɫ ɫɤɥɚɥɨɫɹ ɬɚɤɟ ɜɪɚɠɟɧ ɧɹ" ɑɢ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɞɨɜɿɪɹɬɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ" ɑɢɸ ɩɨɡɢɰɿɸ ɜɿɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɽ" ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɡɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɹɤɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɦɚɥɢ ɛɚɥɤɚɧɫɶɤɿ ɜɿɣɧɢ ɧɚ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɫɥɨɜ¶ɹɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ

Ɉɛ ɢɦɛɧʀ 9,²9,, ɬɭ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩ ɪɫɩɬɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲ ʀ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɰʀɟ ɢɛɬɠɦɺɹɲɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɴɩ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɦɣ ɜɛɦɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɧ ɭɛ ɮɞɫɩ ɯʀɨɬɷɥɣɧ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛɧ ɋɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɩɧ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɦɩ ɝ·ɺɨ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀ ɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɷ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɴɩ ʁɰ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɩ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɭɣ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɣɰ ʀ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɣɰ

I əɤɿ ɬɟɪɟɧɢ ɨɩɚɧɭɜɚɥɢ ɫɥɨɜ¶ɹɧɢ ɜ ɪɟ ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ"

Ɍɮɬʀɟɣ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ Ɍɰʀɟɨʀ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ ɡɣɦɣ ɨɠ ʀɢɩɦɷɩɝɛ ɨɩ ɝʀɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɨɛ ʁɰɨʀɤ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ Ɏɿɧɨ ɭɝɨɪɫɶɤɿ ɬɚ ɛɚɥɬɿɣɫɶɤɿ ɩɥɟɦɟɧɚ ɉɿɜɧɿɱ ɿ ɉɿɜɧɿɱ ɧɢɣ ɡɚɯɿɞ Ɂɚɯɿɞɧɿ ɫɥɨɜ¶ɹɧɢ

Ɂɚɯɿɞ ɿ ɉɿɜ ɞɟɧɧɢɣ ɡɚɯɿɞ

ɋɯɿɞɧɿ ɫɥɨɜ¶ɹɧɢ

ɋɯɿɞ ɿ ɉɿɜɧɿɱ ɧɢɣ ɫɯɿɞ

ɉɿɜɞɟɧɶ ɿ ɉɿɜɞɟɧ ɧɢɣ ɫɯɿɞ Ȼɨɥɝɚɪɫɶɤɿ ɩɥɟɦɟɧɚ ɏɨɡɚɪɫɶɤɢɣ ɤɚɝɚɧɚɬ

Ɏɿɧɨ ɭɝɨɪɫɶɤɿ ɩɥɟɦɟɧɚ ɏɨɡɚɪɫɶɤɢɣ ɤɚɝɚɧɚɬ

I ɉɪɨɫɥɿɞɤɭɣɬɟ ɩɨ ɤɚɪɬɿ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɪɿɱ

ɤɚɦɢ ɨɡɟɪɚɦɢ ɦɨɪɹɦɢ ɩɪɨɥɹɝɚɜ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɢɣ ɲɥɹɯ ©ɿɡ ȼɚɪɹɝɿɜ ɭ ɝɪɟɤɢª əɤɨɸ ɛɭɥɚ ɣɨɝɨ ɪɨɥɶ ɭ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ"

16

ÂÑÒÓÏ. ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 1

ɝɪɦɣɝɛɦɣ ɬɮɬʀɟɣ Ɏ 9ȲȲȲ²ɐ ɬɭ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ʀ ɨɛ ɬɭɛɨɩɝ ɦɠɨɨɺ ʁɰɨɷɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɬɭʀ ɬɪɫɛɝɣɦɣ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɣ ʀ ɰɩɢɛɫɣ Ɉɩɫɧɛɨɣ ©ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨʀ ɦɹɟɣª ³ ɱɠ ɪɫɠɟɥɣ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɰ ɟɛɨɱʀɝ ɳɝɠɟʀɝ ɨɩɫɝɠɡɱʀɝ Ɏ 9ȲȲȲ²ɐ ɬɭ ʁɰɨʀ ɢɛɞɩɨɣ ɝɧʀɦɣɰ ʀ ɜɠɢɬɭɫɛɳɨɣɰ ɝɩʁɨʀɝ ³ ɝʀɥʀɨɞʀɝ ɭɫɣɧɛɦɣ ɮ ɬɭɫɛ ɰɮ ɝɬɹ Ȱɝɫɩɪɮ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɥɩɫɛɜ ɦɺɰ ɟɫɛɥɛɫɛɰ ɞɫɛɜʀɡɨɣɱɷɥʀ ɨɛɜʀɞɣ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɛ ʀɨɩɟʀ ɪɦɣɝɮɲɣ ɫʀɲɥɛɧɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɢɛɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɮɞɦɣɜ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨ ɭɮ Ɍɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɝʀɥʀɨɞʀɝ ɝɛɫɺɞɛɧɣ Ɏ ©Ɋɩɝʀɬɭʀ ɧɣɨɮɦɣɰ ɦʀɭ«ª Ɉɠɬɭɩɫɛ ɦʀɭɩ ɪɣɬɱɺ ɢɞɛɟɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɴɩ ɝɛɫɺɞɣ ɜɫɛɦɣ ɟɛɨɣɨɮ ɢ ʀɦɷɧɠɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɦɩɝɠɨ ʀ ɥɫɣɝɣɲʀɝ Ɋɫɩɬɮɝɛ ɹɲɣɬɷ ɮɞɦɣɜ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ʀ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɮ ɹɲɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɥɮɪɠɱɷɥʀ ɪɩɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ³ ɯɛɥɭɩɫʀʁ ɝɛɫɺɞɣ ɪɫɩɥɦɛɦɣ ɫʀɲɥɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɩɢɠɫɛɧɣ ɭɩɫɞɩ ɝɠɦɷɨɣɤ ɳɦɺɰ ©ʀɢ ɝɛɫɺɞʀɝ ɮ ɞɫɠɥɣª ɭɩɜɭɩ Ɉɩɫɧɛɨɣ ɜɠɫɮɭɷ ɟɛɨɣɨɮ ɝʀɟ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɰɮɟ Ƚ Ƚɛɬɨɾɱɩɝ

ɳɦɺɰ ɢ ȼɛɦɭʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɝ ɒɩɫɨɠ ɟɩ ɬɭɩɦɣ ɱʀ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ Ɏ ɭɩɤ ɡɠ ɲɛɬ ɢ ɪʀɝɟɨɺ ɨɛ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɝɠ ɦɣɲɠɢɨɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɧɛɝ ɐɩɢɛɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɛɞɛɨɛɭ ³ ɩɟɨɛ ɢ ɨɛɤɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɳɣɰ ɭɩɞɩɲɛɬɨɣɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ Ʌɛɞɛɨɛɭ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɛɨɩ ɭɹɫɥ ɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɧɣ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛɧɣ ɮ ɬɭɠɪɛɰ ɧʀɡ Ƚɩɦɞɩɹ ɭɛ ȿɨʀɪɫɩɧ Ɋɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ʁɰɨɺ ɝɠɫɰʀɝɥɛ ɨɛɦɛɞɩɟɣɦɛ ɛɥɭɣɝɨʀ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷ ɨʀ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ɢ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩɹ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɾɹ ɭɛ Ƚɛɫɺɞɣ ɪɫɩɟɛɹɭɷ ɰɩɢɛɫɬɷɥɣɧ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɧ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭɩɧ ȼʀɦɷɳɛ ʁʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɥɮɪɱɺɧ ɫɛɜɛ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɦɛ ʀɮɟɛʁɢɧ ɴɩ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɩ ɭʀɬɨɣɧ ɬɭɩ ɬɮɨɥɛɧ ʀɢ ɾɝɫɠɤɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɮɪɠɱɭɝɩɧ Ʌɛɞɛɨɛɭ ɪɫɩɱɝʀɭɛɝ ɢɛ ɫɛɰɮɨɩɥ ɭɩɫɞʀɝ ɦʀ ɭɩɝɛɫɛɧɣ ɴɩ ʁɰ ɪɠɫɠɝɩɢɣɦɣ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɳɩɝɥɩɝɣɧ ɳɦɺɰɩɧ ʀ ɫɛɜɩɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɂɛ ɪɩɝʀ ɟɩɧɦɠɨɨɺɧ Ɉɠɬɭɩɫɛ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɱɺ ɰɩɢɛɫɣ ɝɲɣ ɨɺɦɣ ɞɫɛɜʀɡɨɣɱɷɥʀ ɨɛɜʀɞɣ ɨɛ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɩɜ ɥɦɛɝɳɣ ©ɟɛɨɣɨɩɹ ɥɫɩɝ·ɹª ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛ ɪɩɦɺɨ ɬʀɝɠɫɺɨ ɫɛɟɣɧɣɲʀɝ ʀ ɝ·ɺɭɣɲʀɝ ɑɺ ɟɛɨɣɨɛ ɐɩɢɛɫɬɷɥɛ ɯɩɫɭɠɱɺ Ɍɛɫɥɠɦ ȼʀɦɛ Ƚɠɡɛ

ɪɠɫɠɟɜɛɲɛɦɛ ɝʀɟɟɛɝɛɨɨɺ ɮ ɫɛɜɬɭɝɩ ɥɩɡɨɩʁ ɟɠɬɺɭɩʁ ɟɣɭɣɨɣ

I əɤɢɦɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɚɦɢ ɬɨɪɝɭɜɚɥɢ

ɨɛɦɿɧɸɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɛɪɚɥɢ ɞɚɧɢɧɭ ɧɨɪɦɚɧɢ ɿ ɯɨɡɚɪɢ ɡɿ ɫɥɨɜ¶ɹɧɚɦɢ"

I

ɤɿ ɩɥɟɦɟɧɚ ɛɭɥɢ ɫɭɫɿɞɚɦɢ ɫɯɿɞɧɢɯ ə ɫɥɨɜ¶ɹɧ" əɤɿ ɧɚɪɨɞɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɢɥɢ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶ ɲɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɧɚ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɫɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɫɥɨɜ¶ɹɧ"

17

Âèíèêíåííÿ ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè

ɋɩɢɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɣɰ ɬɩɹɢʀɝ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɇʀɭɩɪɣɬɨʀ ɦɠɞɠɨɟɣ ɪɫɩ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ʌɣɾɝɛ Ɏ 9,,, ɬɭ ɮ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɯɩɫɧɮɹɭɷ ɬɺ ɬɩɹɢɣ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɂ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɮ ©Ɋɩɝʀɬɭɷ ɧɣɨɮɦɣɰ ɦʀɭª ɝʀɟɩɧɩ ɴɩ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ɬɮ ɲɛɬɨɩʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɢɛɬɠɦɺɦɣ ɬʀɧ ɬɩɹɢʀɝ ɪɦɠ ɧɠɨ ³ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨɣ ɪɩɦɺɨɣ ɮɦɣɲʀ ɭɣɝɠɫɱʀ ɬʀɝɠɫɺɨɣ ɝɩɦɣɨɺɨɣ ɟɮɦʀɜɣ

ɭɛ ɜʀɦʀ ɰɩɫɝɛɭɣ Ɍɛɧɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɠɟɥɛɧɣ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɱʀɝ Ɉɛ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɫɛɢ ɝɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɟɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɮ ȼʀɦɩɫɮɬʀ ɡɣɦɣ ɟɫɠɞɩ ɝɣɲʀ ɤ ɪɩɦɩɲɛɨɣ ɋɩɬʀʁ ³ ɥɫɣɝɣɲʀ ɫɛɟɣ ɧɣɲʀ ɬɦɩɝɠɨɣ ɤ ɝ·ɺɭɣɲʀ Ȼɫɰɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɟɛɨʀ ɪʀɟɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɹɭɷ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɠɨɨɺ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɱɺ ɴɩɟɩ ɫɩɢɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɮ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɬɠɫɠɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɬɰʀɟ ɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɩɹɢʀɝ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬ ɪɫɣɟʀɦɺɾ ɪɩɦɺɨɛɧ Ɍɛɧɠ ʀɢ ɪɩɦɺɨ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɦɣ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɜɫɛɭɣ Ʌɣɤ ɔɠɥ ʀ ɐɩɫɣɝ ɢɛ ɺɥɣɰ ɪɩɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɑɠ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɨɛɢɝɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɲɠɬɭɷ ɬɭɛɫɳɩ ɞɩ ɢ ɜɫɛɭʀɝ ³ Ʌɣɺ Ɉɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɬɩɹɢɮ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɬɭɩɺɝ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɥɛɞɛɨ Ɉɛɤɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳʀ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɬɩɹɢɮ ɛɜɩ ɪɦɠɧɠɨʀ ɩɜ

I əɤɿ ɫɨɸɡɢ ɫɥɨɜ¶ɹɧɫɶɤɢɯ ɩɥɟɦɟɧ

ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ"

Ɋɛɧ·ɺɭɨɣɥ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɨɣɥɛɧ Ʌɣɾɝɛ

ɋɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɷ Ɉɠɬɭɩɫɛ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɱɺ ɪɫɩ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ©Ɋɩɦɺɨɣ ɡ ɡɣɦɣ ɝ ɭʀ ɲɛɬɣ ɩɥɫɠɧɩ ɤ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɦɣ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɫɩɟɛɧɣ ʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɭɫɣ ɜɫɛɭɣ ɩɟɣɨ ɧɛɝ ʀɧ·ɺ Ʌɣɤ ɟɫɮɞɣɤ ³ ɔɠɥ ʀ ɭɫɠɭʀɤ ³ ɐɩɫɣɝ ɛ ɬɠɬɭɫɛ ʁɰ ɜɮɦɛ Ɇɣɜʀɟɷ Ɍɣɟʀɝ Ʌɣɤ ɨɛ ɞɩɫʀ ɟɠ ɨɣɨʀ ɮɢɝʀɢ ȼɩɫɣɲʀɝ ɛ ɔɠɥ ɬɣɟʀɝ ɨɛ ɞɩɫʀ ɴɩ ɨɣɨʀ ɢɝɠɭɷɬɺ ɔɠɥɛɝɣɱɺ ɛ ɐɩɫɣɝ ɨɛ ɭɫɠɭʀɤ ɞɩɫʀ ɥɩɭɫɛ ɪɫɩɢɝɛɦɛ ɬɺ ɪɩ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɐɩɫɠɝɣɱɠɹ Ȳ ɢɜɮɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɞɩɫɩɟɩɥ ɝ ʀɧ·ɺ ɬɭɛɫɳɩɞɩ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɜɫɛɭɛ ʀ ɨɛɢɝɛɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ Ʌɣʁɝ ʀ ɜɮɝ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɦʀɬ ʀ ɜʀɫ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ʀ ɦɩɝɣɦɣ ɭɛɧ ɢɝʀɫʀɝ ʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɭʀ ɧɮɡʀ ɧɮɟɫʀ ɭɛ ɭɺɧɮɴʀ ʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣɬɷ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɩɦɺɨɛɧɣ ɝʀɟ ɨɣɰ ɪɩɦɺɨɣ ɤ ɟɩ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɮ Ʌɣɾɝʀª

I əɤ ɡɚ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɇɟɫɬɨɪɚ ɜɢɧɢɤ Ʉɢʀɜ" əɤɿ ɳɟ ɥɟɝɟɧɞɢ ɩɪɨ ɡɚɫɧɭ ɜɚɧɧɹ Ʉɢɽɜɚ ɜɚɦ ɜɿɞɨɦɿ"

18

ÂÑÒÓÏ. ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 1

Ɋɛɨɩɫɛɧɛ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɞʀɫ ɟɠ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɩ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɤ ɝɣɞɦɺɟ

ɟɫɮɡɣɨɛ

ɩɪɩɦɲɠɨɨɺ

Ɍɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɪɦɠɧɠɨʀ

ɞɩɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɫɛɟɩɹ ɬɭɛɫʀɤɳɣɨ ʀ ɮɰɝɛ ɦɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɢɜɩɫɛɰ ɝʀɲɠ

Ɉɛ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɮ ɝʀɲɠ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɜɫɛɭɣ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɦɣɳɠ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥɣ ɢɟɛɭɨʀ ɨɩɬɣɭɣ ɢɜɫɩɹ Ʌɫʀɧ ɪɦɠ ɧʀɨɨɩɞɩ ɩɪɩɦɲɠɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɟɦɺ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɠɨɨɺ ɝɩɾɨɨɣɰ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀɤ ɧɛɝ ɮ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɫɩɢɪɩ ɫɺɟɡɠɨɨʀ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɮ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɮ ɪɫɩɯɠɬʀɤ ɨɣɰ ɝɩʁɨʀɝ ɍɛɥɣɤ ɦɛɟ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɝɩɾɨɨɩɹ ɟɠɧɩɥɫɛɭʀɾɹ

ɥɨɺɢɷ

ɫɛɟɛ ɬɭɛɫʀɤɳɣɨ

ɝʀɲɠ

I

ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ©ɜɨɽɧɧɚ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɿɹª"

ɩɨɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɩɨɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ

ɤɨɧɿ

ɤɨɪɨɜɢ

ɯɚɬɚ

ɡɚɝɨɬɿɜɥɹ ɫɿɧɚ

ɫɭɲɤɚ ɲɤɿɪ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ

ɩɬɢɰɿ

ɤɭɡɧɹ

ɫɜɢɧɿ

ɭɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɹ ©ɝɨɪɨɞɢª

ɪɢɛɚɥɶɫɬɜɨ

ɩɥɚɜɤɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɭ ɡɟɦɥɹɧɤɚ

ɨɫɟɬɪɢɧɚ

ɜɿɜɰɿ

I əɤɿ ɡɚɧɹɬɬɹ ɫɥɨɜ¶ɹɧ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ" ɓɨ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ ɽ ɫɜɿɞɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɟɦɥɟɪɨɛɫɬɜɚ" ɑɨɦɭ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɨɛɧɟɫɟɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɤɨɥɨɦ"

Âèíèêíåííÿ ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè

19

Ⱦɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɣɧ ɢɛɨɺɭɭɺɧ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɠɧɦɠɫɩɜɬɭɝɩ Ɉɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳɣɧ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɧ ɝɣ ɫɩɴɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɠɫɨɩɝɣɰ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫ ɮ ɦʀɬɩɝʀɤ ɢɩɨʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɪʀɟɬʀɲɨɩ ɝɩɞɨɠɝɠ ɢɠɧɦɠɫɩɜɬɭɝɩ Ɍɠɦɺɨɣ ɬɪɛɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɪɩɝɛɦɠɨʀ ɝʀɭɫɩɧ ɨɛ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛɰ ɦʀɬɮ ɬɮɰʀ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ʀ ɭɛɥɣɧ ɲɣɨɩɧ ɞɩɭɮɝɛɦɣ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɪʀɟ ɪɩɬʀɝɣ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ³ ɬɪɛɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɬɪɠɱʀ ɛɦɷɨɩ ɢɫɮɜɛɨʀ ɬɩɥɣɫɩɹ Ɉɠɫʀɟɥɩ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɝɣɫɮɜɮɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɦʀɬɮ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɪʀɟɬʀɥɛɦɣ ɴɩɜ ɝɩɨɣ ɳɝɣɟɳɠ ɝɣɬɣɰɛɦɣ ɮ ɝɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɬɭɛɨʀ ɍɩɟʀ ³ ɝɛɦɣɦɣ ʀ ɬɪɛɦɹɝɛɦɣ Ɋɩ ɪʀɦ ɜɮɝ ɟɩɜɫɣɝɩɧ ɝʀɨ ɡɠ ɫɩɢɪɮɳɮɝɛɝ ʊɫɮɨɭ Ɋɩ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɫɩɥɛɰ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɝɣɬ ɨɛɡɠɨɮ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɣ ʀ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɦɣ ɩɬɝɩɹɝɛɭɣ ɨɩɝɮ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɮ Ɏ ɦʀɬɩɬɭɠɪɩɝʀɤ ɢɩɨʀ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɧʀɬɱɺ ɪɫɩɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ Ɍɠɦɣɦɣɬɺ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠɞɛɰ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɟɠ ɜɮɦɣ ɞɛɫɨʀ ɦɮɥɣ ʀ ɟɩɜɫʀ ʊɫɮɨɭɣ ɟɦɺ ɩɜɫɩɜʀɭɥɮ ɋɛɨ ɨʀ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɭɮɭ ɪɠɫɠɦɩɞɩɝɮ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɮ ɩɜɫɩɜʀɭɥɮ ʊɫɮɨɭʀɝ Ɋɩɦɠ ɩɜɫɩɜɦɺɦɩɬɺ ʀ ɢɛɬʀɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɟɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɪɩɥɣ ɱʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɟɩɜɫʀ ɝɫɩɡɛʁ Ʌɩɦɣ ɡ ɝɫɩɡɛʁ ɪɛɟɛɦɣ ɪɩɦɠ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɩɬɺ ɟɦɺ ©ɝʀɟɪɩɲɣɨɥɮª ɛ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛ ɦɩɬɺ ʀɨɳɠ Ɏ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɝʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɜɮɦɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɭɩɡ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɟɩɜɫʀ ɝɫɩɡɛʁ Ƚɣɫɩɴɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɳɠɨɣɱɹ ɪɫɩɬɩ ɭɛ ɺɲɧʀɨɷ Ȼɫɰɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɢɨɛɰʀɟɥɣ ɭɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɢɛɬɝʀɟɲɮɹɭɷ ɴɩ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɦɣ ɬɺ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɟɩɜɫɣɧɣ ɢɨɛɫɺɟɟɺɧɣ ɪɫɛɱʀ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɝ ɨɣɰ ɮɡɠ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɛɦʀɢɨɣɤ ɬɠɫɪ ² ɫʀɥ ³ ɪʀɟɬʀɥɛɨɨɺ ɬɪɛɦɠɨɨɺ ɧɩɭɣɥɣ ɥʀɬɭɺɨʀ ɤ ɟɠɫɠɝ·ɺɨʀ ɬɩɰɣ ɢ ɧɠɭɛ ɦɠɝɣɧɣ ɨɛɥɩɨɠɲɨɣɥɛɧɣ Ɍɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ ɢɛɤɧɛɦɣɬɺ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɬɥɩɭɛɫɬɭɝɩɧ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝɣɫɩɴɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɫɩɞɛɭɮ ɰɮɟɩɜɮ ɥɩɨɠɤ ɬɝɣɨɠɤ Ɍɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ ɪɩɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɰɮɭɫɩɝɣɰ ɢɝʀɫʀɝ ɰɮɭɫɛ ɜɮɦɣ ɱʀɨ ɨɣɧ ɭɩɝɛɫɩɧ Ȼ ɴɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɛɤɧɛɦɣɬɺ ɫʀɢɨɩ ɧɛɨʀɭɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɩɧɣɬɦɛɧɣ ɫɣɜɛɦɷɬɭɝɩɧ ² ɫɩɥɣ ³ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɠ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɜɩɫɭɨɣɱɭɝɩɧ ɪɫɣɧʀɭɣɝɨɣɧ ɜɟɡɩɦɺɫ ɬɭɝɩɧ ɮ ɦʀɬɛɰ ɢɜɣɫɛɦɣ ɞɫɣɜɣ ɭɛ ɺɞɩɟɣ Ɏ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɜɮɦɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɠɨɠ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɩ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɜɮɦɣ ɥɩɝɛɦɷ ɬɭɝɩ ɢɛɦʀɢɩɫɩɜɨɠ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɩ ɞɩɨɲɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɪɫɺɟʀɨɨɺ ɲɣɨɜɛɫɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɭɥɛɱɭɝɩ Ɍɝɩʁ ɡɣɭɦɛ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɡɮɝɛɦɣ ɫʀɥ ³ ɢɛɥɣɨɮɭɛ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɢ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɢɛɞɦɣɜɦɹɝɛɦɣ ʁɰ ɋɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɡɚ ɨɛɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɮ ɝ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɍɛɥʀ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɣ ɜɮɦɣ I ɦɚɥɸɧɤɚɦɢ ©ȿɬɚɩɢ ɩɿɞɫɿɱɧɨ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɨɛɟʀɤɨɣɧɣ ɤ ɭɠɪɦɣɧɣ Ɋɩɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɜɨɝɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɡɟɦɥɟɪɨɛɫɬɜɚª ɰɛɭɣ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɠɲʀ ³ ɟɦɺ ɩɜʀɞɫʀ

20

ÂÑÒÓÏ. ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 1

ɝɛɨɨɺ ɡɣɭɦɛ ʀ ɪɫɣɞɩɭɮɝɛɨɨɺ ʁɡʀ Ɋɠɲʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɜɠɢ ɟɣɧɛɫʀɝ ɪɛ ɦɣɦɣ ©ɪɩ ɲɩɫɨɩɧɮª ɟɣɧ ɝɣɰɩɟɣɝ ɥɫʀɢɷ ɩɭɝɩɫɣ ɮ ɟɛɰɮ Ɋɠɲʀ ɮ ɡɣɭɦɛɰ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɪʀɝ ɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɬɮɬʀɟʀɝ ³ ɮɞɫɩ ɯʀɨʀɝ ʀ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɣɰ ɬɭɠɪɩɝɣɰ ɥɩɲɩɝɣ ɥʀɝ Ɏ ɨɣɰ ɪɩɬɠɫɠɟ ɡɣɭɦɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɠ ɝɩɞɨɣɴɠ ɨɛɟ ɺɥɣɧ ɪʀɟɝʀɳɮɝɛɦɣ ɥɛɢɛɨ Ɉɠɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɝʀɟ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɮ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɩɝɩ ɬɪɩ ɫɮɟɡɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɺɧɛ ɦɷɩɰ ɟɠ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɦɣ ɢɠɫɨɩ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɪɫɩɟɮɥɭɣ Ɍɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ ɡɣɦɣ ɪɠɫɝʀɬɨɩɹ ɬɮɬʀɟɬɷɥɩɹ ɩɜɴɣɨɩɹ Ȳɬ ɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɪɛɭɫʀɛɫɰɛɦɷɨʀ ɬʀɧ·ʁ ɝ ɺɥɣɰ ɡɣɦɣ ɫɩɟɣɲʀ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɪɩɥɩɦʀɨɷ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝɠɦɣ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɠ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɝɩɦɩ ɟʀɦɣ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɧɣ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɜɮɟʀɝɦɺɧɣ ɡɣɭɦɛɧɣ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɣɧɣ ɪɩɬɠɦɠɨɨɺɧɣ ɉɜɴɣɨɣ ɫɩɟɣɲʀɝ ɡɣɦɣ ɝ ɜɦɣɢɷ ɥɣɰ ɪɩɬɠɦɠɨɨɺɰ ɴɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣɬɺ ©ɞɨʀɢɟɛɧɣª Ⱦɫɮɪɛ ɭɛɥɣɰ ©ɞɨʀɢɟª ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɮɝɛɦɛɬɷ ɮ ɪɦɠɧ·ɺ Ɋɦɠɧɠɨɛ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɬɩɹɢɣ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ

ǵȏȞȡȥȎțȟȪȘȖȗ ȳȒȜș ǸȞȎȘȳȐȟȪȘȖȗ Țȡȕȓȗ ǽȜșȪȧȎ

Ƚʀɫɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɋɠɦʀɞʀɤɨʀ ɝʀɫɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɭɣ ɺɢɣɲɨɣɱɭɝɩɧ Ɍɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ ɩɜɩɡɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɬɣɦɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɬɝʀɤ ɪɩɰɩɝɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɩɜɫɺɟ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɮ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɥɦɛɟɠɨɩ ɝʀɫɮ ɝ ɪɩɭɩɤɜʀɲɨɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ Ɋɩɧɠɫɦɣɰ ɬɪɛɦɹɝɛɦɣ ʀ ɰɩɝɛɦɣ ɮ ɬɪɠ ɱʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɺɧɛɰ Ɏ ɧɩɞɣɦɣ ɥɦɛɦɣ ɫɠɲʀ ɪɩɧɠɫɦɩɞɩ ɢɨɛɫɺɟɟɺ ɪɫɛɱʀ ɪɩɬɮɟ ʁɡɮ ʀɨɥɩɦɣ ɢɜɫɩɹ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɮ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɝʀɫɛ ɮ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɟɮɰʀɝ Ɉɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳʀ ɪɣɬɠɧɨʀ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɝʀɫɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩɧɮ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɮ 9Ȳ ɬɭ Ɋɫɩɥɩɪʀɹ Ʌɠɬɛɫʀɤɬɷɥɩɧɮ Ƚʀɨ ɪɣɬɛɝ ɴɩ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ©ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫɠɧ ɮɬɷɩɞɩª ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɢ ɜɩɞʀɝ ³ ɭɝɩɫɱɺ ɜɦɣɬɥɛɝɩɥ Ɋɠɫɮɨɛ

Ʉɩɧɮ ɪɫɣɨɩɬɺɭɷ ɮ ɡɠɫɭɝɮ ɜɣɥʀɝ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ Ɍɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ ɪɩɥɦɩɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɫʀɥɛɧ ɨʀɧɯɛɧ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɧ ɜɩɡɠɬɭɝɛɧ ɬɥɦɛ ɟɛɹɭɷ ʁɧ ɡɠɫɭɝɣ ʀ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɡɠɫɭɝɩɪɫɣɨɩ ɳɠɨɷ ɝɩɫɩɡɛɭɷ Ɉʀɧɯɣ ɝ ɛɨɭɣɲɨʀɤ ɧʀɯɩ ɦɩɞʀʁ ³ ɟɮɰɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɟɡɠɫɠɦ ɞʀɫ ɭɛ ʀɨ

ɉɭɡɠ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ ɩɥɫʀɧ ɝɣɴɣɰ ɜɩɞʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɮɩɬɩɜɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɬɣɦɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɞɫʀɧ ɜɦɣ ɬɥɛɝɥɮ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɭɛ ʀɨ ɪɩɥɦɩɨɺɦɣɬɷ ʀ ɟɮɰɛɧ ɨʀɧɯɛɧ Ʌɫʀɧ Ɋɠɫɮɨɛ ɟɩ ɨɛɬ ɟʀɤɳɦɣ

ɚɢɣɲɨɣɱɷɥɠ ɥɛɪɣɴɠ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɰɮɟ ɇ ɋɠɫʀɰ

Âèíèêíåííÿ ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè

21

ɭɛɥʀ ɨɛɢɝɣ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɜɩɞʀɝ Ƚɠɦɠɬ ȿɛɡɟɷɜɩɞ Ɍɭɫɣɜɩɞ ɋɩɟ ɇɛɥɩɳ ɭɛ ʀɨ ɇʀɬ ɱɺ ɪɩɥɦɩɨʀɨɨɺ ɜɩɞɛɧ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɥɛɪɣɴɛɧɣ ɟɠ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɹɝɛɦɣɬɷ ʀɟɩɦɣ ɪɠɝɨɣɰ ɜɩɞʀɝ ȿɩ ɨɛɳɣɰ ɟɨʀɝ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɬɺ ɂɜɫɮɲɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ʀɟɩɦ

ȼɂɋɇɈȼɄɂ Ɏɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɫɩɢɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɮ 9,²9,, ɬɭ ɨɛ ɝɠɦɣɥʀɤ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ɍɰʀɟ ɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɭɫɣ ɞɫɮɪɣ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɬɰʀɟɨɛ ɢɛɰʀɟ ɨɛ ʀ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥʀ ɬɩɹɢɣ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨ ɪɩɦɺɨ ɮɦɣɲʀɝ ɭɣɝɠɫɱʀɝ ɬʀɝɠɫɺɨ ɝɩɦɣɨɺɨ ɟɮɦʀɜʀɝ ɭɛ ɜʀɦɣɰ ɰɩɫɝɛɭʀɝ ɴɩ ɢɛɬɠɦɺɦɣ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ɬɮ ɲɛɬɨɩʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɠɟɥɛɧɣ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɱʀɝ Ƚ ɠɭɨʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɦɷɨɩɹ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɛɬɺ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɛ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɛ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɩʁ ɪɫɛɜɛɭɷɥʀɝɴɣɨɣ ɉɬɨɩɝɮ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɦɣ ɢɠɧɦɠɫɩɜɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɪɫɩɧɣɬɦɣ ɋɩɢɝɣɨɠɨɣɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɬɥɩɭɛɫɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɩ ɁȺɄɊȱɉɂɆɈ ɁɇȺɇɇə ǸȜșȖ ȐȳȒȏȡȐȎșȜȟȭ ǰȓșȖȘȓ ȞȜȕȟȓșȓțțȭ ȟșȜȐ·ȭț" ȍȘȳ ȗȜȑȜ ȞȓȕȡșȪȠȎȠȖ" ȍȘȖȚ ȏȡșȜ ȜȠȜȥȓțțȭ ȟȣȳȒțȖȣ ȟșȜȐ·ȭț" ȍȘ ȐȜțȜ ȐȝșȖțȡșȜ țȎ ȴȣțȳȗ ȞȜȕȐȖȠȜȘ" ǻȎ ȕȓȚșȭȣ ȭȘȖȣ ȝșȓȚȓț ȐȖțȖȘ ǸȖȴȐ" ȍȘȳ ȜȟțȜȐțȳ ȕȎțȭȠȠȭ ȟșȜȐ·ȭț" ǿȘșȎȒȳȠȪ ȞȜȕȝȜȐȳȒȪ ȝȞȜ ȔȖȠȠȭ ȟșȜȐ·ȭțȟȪȘȜȑȜ ȑȜȞȜȒȖȧȎ

§ 3. ÂÈÍÈÊÍÅÍÍß ÒÀ ÑÒÀÍÎÂËÅÍÍß ÐÓѲ-ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨʀ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ Ɏ 9,,,²,; ɬɭ ɮ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɨɛɜɣ ɫɛɹɭɷ ɬɣɦ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɭɝɩɫɲʀ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɣ Ƚɨɛ ɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɬɩɹɢʀɝ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɝɣɨɣɥɛɹɭɷ ɨɩɝʀ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ³ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨʀ ɥɨɺɡʀɨɨɺ Ʌɩɡɨɠ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɧɛɦɩ ɝɦɛɬɨɮ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ Ɍɮɲɛɬɨɛ ɨɛɮɥɛ ɝɝɛɡɛɾ ɴɩ ɱʀ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɧɛɦɣ ɠɦɠɧɠɨɭɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɬɭʀ ɂɛ ɬɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɰ ɛɝɭɩɫʀɝ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɭɫɣ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ Ʌɮɺɝʀɺ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɪɩɦɺɨ ʀɢ Ʌɣ ɾɝɩɧ Ɍɦɛɝʀɺ ɢɠɧɦʀ ʀɦɷɧɠɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɦɩɝɠ ɨʀɝ ʀ Ȼɫɭɛɨʀɺ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɣ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɝɣ ɢɨɛɲɣɭɣ ɟɠ ɝɩɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ

Ƚɝɛɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɴɩ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɠ ɥɨɺɡʀɨɨɺ ɪɩɦɺɨ ɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɧɮ Ɋɩɟɨʀɪɫɩɝ·ʁ ɝʀɟɩɧɠ ɛɫɛɜɛɧ ɺɥ Ʌɮɺɝʀɺ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɩɬɠɫɠɟɥɩɧ ɟɩɝɥɩ ɦɛ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɜɮɟɩɝɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɬɷɥɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨʀɬɭɷ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ȼɬɥɩɦɷɟɛ Ɉɛ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɪɩɦɺɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɩɞɩ ɥɨɺ ɡʀɨɨɺ ɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɧɮ Ɋɩɟɨʀɪɫɩɝ·ʁ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɣ ,; ɬɭ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ I ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɡɚ ɤɚɪɬɨɸ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɭɜɚɧ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɂɛ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɾɹ ɝɩɨɩ ɧɹ Ʉɭɹɜɿʀ ɬɚ ɋɥɚɜɿʀ ɉɿɞ ɜɩɥɢɜɨɦ ɜɮɦɩ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɤ ɩɰɩɪɦɹɝɛɦɩ ɞɩ ɹɤɢɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɿɜ ɜɨɧɢ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɥɢ" ɦɩɝɨɣɧ ɲɣɨɩɧ ɪɩɦɺɨɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ Ʌɣɾɝɛ Ɏ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬʀ ɱɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛ ɹɭɷ ©ɋɮɬɷɥɩɹ ɢɠɧɦɠɹª ɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɣ ɭɠɦɺɧɣ ³ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ȼɬɥɩɦɷɟɛ ɭɛ ȿʀɫɛ ɺɥɣɰ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ Ʌɣɾɝɣɲʀɝ ɴɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɣɦɛ ɝʀɟ ɦɠɞɠɨɟɛɫɨɩɞɩ Ʌɣɺ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥʀ ɛɝɭɩɫɣ ɬɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɝɛɦɣ ɴɩ ȿʀɫ ɥɨɺɡɣɝ ɪɠɫɠɟ Ȼɬɥɩɦɷɟɩɧ ɜɮɝ ©ɪɠɫɳɣɧ Ɉɛ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɩɫɛɜɦɺɰ ɟɫɛ ɢʀ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɱɛɫʀɝª Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɝ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬʀ ɥɛɫɛɰ ɴɩ ʁɰ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɦɩɟʀɺɧɣ Ȼɬɥɩɦɷɟɛ ʀ ȿʀɫɛ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɢɞɛɟɮɹɭɷ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɣ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɬɝɩʁ Ʌɨɺɢʀ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɣɦɣ ɪɩɦɺɨ ɝʀɟ ɬɪɦɛɭɣ ɟɛɨɣɨɣ ɧɩɫɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ

23

Âèíèêíåííÿ ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè

I Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɦɚɥɸɧɨɤ ɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɯɿɞ ɤɧɹɡɹ Ⱥɫɤɨɥɶɞɚ ɧɚ Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɩɨɥɶ

ɰɩɢɛɫɛɧ ʀ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɦɣ ɪɩɳɣɫɣɭɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɨɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥʀ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛ ɬʀɝɠɫɺɨ ɟɠ ɫɠɝɦɺɨ ɮɦɣɲʀɝ ɪɩɦɩɲɛɨ ɥɫɣɝɣɲʀɝ Ʌɨɺɢɷ ɥɛɞɛɨ Ȼɬɥɩɦɷɟ "² ɮɬɦɛ ɝɣɝɬɺ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɝɩɾɨɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɰɩɟɛɧɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɮ ɭɛ ɫɫ Ɍɪɫɛɝɡɨʀɧ ɡɛɰɩɧ ɟɦɺ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀɝ ɬɭɛɝ ɬɝʀɭɛɨɩɥ ɲɠɫɝɨɺ ɫ ɥɩɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɦɣ ɦɩɟʀɤ ɫɮɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɯɦɩɭɮ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ȼɬɥɩɦɷɟɛ ɪʀɟ ɧɮɫɛɧɣ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ ɺɥɣɤ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɑɛɫɠɞɫɛɟɩɧ ɑɛɫɞɩɫɩɟɩɧ ɋɮ ɬɣɲʀ ɝɢɺɦɣ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɝ ɩɜɦɩɞɮ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɜɮɝ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɪɩɞɩɟɣɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɮɥɦɛɟɛɨɨɺ ɢ ɨɣɧɣ ɮɞɩɟɣ ʀ ɬɪɦɛɭɮ ɟɛɨɣɨɣ ɍɛɥ ɮɪɠɫɳɠ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɬɪɩɝʀ ɬɭɣɦɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɪɫɩ ɬɝɩɾ ʀɬɨɮ ɝɛɨɨɺ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝɳɣ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɾɹ ɢɛ ɪɠɫɳʀɬɭɷ ɨɛ ɒɩɫɨɩɧɮ ɧɩɫʀ ɭɛ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩ ɫɠɨɨɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛ ©ɋɮɬɷɥɠ ɧɩɫɠª Ȳɢ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ Ȼɬɥɩɦɷɟɩɧ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɛ ɪɠɫɳɛ ɬɪɫɩɜɛ ɰɫɠɴɠɨɨɺ ɋɮɬʀ ɂɛ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɠɨ

Ɏɜɣɝɬɭɝɩ Ȼɬɥɩɦɷɟɛ ɭɛ ɮɭɝɠɫɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɉɦɠɞɛ ɝ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ ʀɢ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɮ

Ȼɬɥɩɦɷɟɩɝɛ ɧɩɞɣɦɛ Ʌɣʁɝ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɤ ɝɣɞɦɺɟ

24

ÂÑÒÓÏ. ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 1

ɨɺɧɣ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɛɝɭɩɫʀɝ ɤɧɩɝʀɫ ɨɩ ɫ ɝʀɨ ɰɫɠɬɭɣɝɬɺ ɬɛɧ ʀ ɬɪɫɩɜɮɝɛɝ ɩɰɫɠɬɭɣɭɣ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪʀɟɟɛɨɣɰ Ȳɬɨɮɾ ɟɮɧɥɛ ɴɩ ɱɠ ɝɣɥɦɣɥɛɦɩ ɨɠɝɟɩɝɩɦɠɨɨɺ ɺɢɣɲ ɨɣɱɷɥɩʁ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɭɩɡ ɝɩɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɦɛ ɞɩɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɢɧɩɝɮ ɴɩɜ ɮɬɮɨɮɭɣ Ȼɬɥɩɦɷɟɛ ɝʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɣ

I əɤɿ ɡɞɨɛɭɬɤɢ ɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɤɧɹɡɹ Ⱥɫɤɨɥɶɞɚ"

I Ʉɨɥɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɚɫɶ Ʉɢʀɜɫɶɤɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɚ" ɏɬɨ ɛɭɜ ʀʀ ɩɟɪɲɢɦ ɤɧɹɡɟɦ"

Ɏɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ɏɭɝɠɫɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ɋɹɫɣɥɩɝɣɲʀɝ Ɏ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɥɩɦɣ ɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɧɮ Ɋɩɟɨʀ ɪɫɩɝ·ʁ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɦɩɬɷ ʀ ɧʀɱɨʀɦɩ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɮ Ɍɦɛɝʀʁ ɢɛ ɬɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺɧ Ɉɠ ɬɭɩɫɛ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɱɺ ɮ ɫ ʀɦɷɧɠɨɬɷɥʀ ɬɦɩɝɠɨɣ ʀ ɥɫɣɝɣɲʀ ɢɛɪɫɩɬɣɦɣ ɝɛɫɺɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɝɩɡɟɺ ɋɹɫɣɥɛ ɢ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɩɹ ɥɨɺɡɣɭɣ ʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɭɣ ɨɣɧɣ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɋɹɫɣɥɛ ɮ ɫ ɢɛɦɣ ɳɣɝɬɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɛɦɩɦʀɭɨʀɤ ɬɣɨ Ȳɞɩɫ ɺɥɣɧ ɩɪʀɥɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɬɭɛɝ ɫɠɞɠɨɭɩɧ ɝɩɾɝɩɟɛ ɉɦɠɞ Ɏ ɫ ɢʀɜɫɛɝɳɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɉɦɠɞ ɝɣɫɮɳɣɝ ɮ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɨɛ Ʌɣʁɝ Ȳɬɨɮɾ ɟɮɧɥɛ ɴɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɛɪɫɩɬɣɦɛ ɭɮɟɣ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɛ ɢɨɛɭɷ ɨɠɝɟɩɝɩɦɠɨɛ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɭɩɹ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ Ȼɬɥɩɦɷɟɩɧ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨʀɢɛɱʀɾɹ Ɋɫɣɜɮɝɳɣ ɟɩ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɺɾ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ ɉɦɠɞ ɢɛɰɩɝɛɝ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩʁɨʀɝ ɛ ɫɠɳɭʀ

Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨ 9,, ȼɛɞɫɺɨɩɫɩɟɨɣɤ ɪɫɩ ɢɜɣɫɛɨɨɺ ɟɛɨɣɨɣ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ©Ʌɩɦɣ ɨɛɬɭɛɾ ɦɣɬɭɩɪɛɟ ɩɟɫɛɢɮ ɡ ʁɰɨʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɝɣɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɢ ɮɬʀɧɛ ɫɩɬɛɧɣ ɢ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ʀ ɝɣɫɮɳɛɭɷ ɮ ɪɩɦɹɟɟɺ ɴɩ ɤɧɠɨɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɥɫɮɡɦɺɨɨɺɧ ɛ ɬɛɧɠ ³ ɮ Ɍɦɛɝʀɨʀʁ ɬɩɹɢɣ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨ ɥɫɣɝɣɲʀɝ ɬʀɝɠɫɺɨ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɴɩ ɾ ɟɛɨɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɫɩɬʀɝ Ⱦɩɟɮɹɲɣɬɷ ɭɛɧ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɮɬʀɾʁ ɢɣɧɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɩɲɣɨɛ ɹɲɣ ɢ ɥɝʀɭɨɺ ɥɩɦɣ ɫɩɢɭɛɨɠ ɥɫɣɞɛ ɨɛ ɫʀɲɱʀ ȿɨʀɪɫɩ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɪɩɝɠɫɭɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɩ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɂʀɜɫɛɝɳɣ ɟɛɨɣɨɮ ɝɛɫɺɞɣ ɪɦɣɝɦɣ ɟɩ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ ɪɫɩɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɢʀɜɫɛɨɠª

I ɇɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɿ ɫɯɟɦɢ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɱɨɦɭ ɡɛɢɪɚɧɧɹ ɞɚɧɢɧɢ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɥɢ ©ɤɪɭɠɥɹɧɧɹɦª

Âèíèêíåííÿ ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè

25

I Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɦɚɥɸɧɨɤ ɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɩɪɨ ɡɛɢɪɚɧɧɹ ɤɧɹɡɟɦ ɞɚɧɢɧɢ ɡ ɩɿɞɜɥɚɞɧɢɯ ɩɥɟɦɟɧ

ɨɛɥɛɢɛɝ ɮɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɥɮɪɱʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɪɦɣɝɮɭɷ ɟɩ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ Ɋɫɣɬɭɛɝɳɣ ɟɩ ɜɠɫɠ ɞɛ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɛɪɫɩɪɩɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɩɥɛɢɛɭɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɭɩɝɛɫɣ ɥɨɺɢɠɝʀ Ʌɩɦɣ ɟɩ ɨɣɰ ɝɣɤɳɩɝ Ȼɬɥɩɦɷɟ ɝɛɫɺɞɣ ɝɜɣɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɉɦɠɞ ʀɧɩɝʀɫɨɩ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɣ ɨɠɝɟɩɝɩɦɠɨɩʁ Ȼɬɥɩɦɷɟɩɧ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɝ Ʌɣɾɝʀ Ɏɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɱɣɰ ɪɩɟʀɤ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀɺ Ʌɣɾɝɣɲʀɝ ɪɫɣɪɣɨɣɦɛ ɬɝɩɾ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɮɭɝɠɫɟɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɩɝɛ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀɺ ɋɹɫɣɥɩɝɣɲʀɝ Ƚʀɟɜɮɦɩɬɺ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɬɰʀɟ ɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɤ ɪʀɝɟɨɺ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɨɛ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ³ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɮ ɟɠɫɟɡɛɝɮ Ɍɝɩʁɧ ɬɭɩɦɷɨɣɧ ɞɫɛ ɟɩɧ ©ɧɛɭʀɫ·ɹ ɧʀɬɭɛɧ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɧª ɉɦɠɞ ɩɞɩ ɦɩɬɣɝ Ʌɣʁɝ

I ɑɢɦ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɡɦɿɧɚ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɿʀ ɧɚ Ɋɭɫɿ"

26

ÂÑÒÓÏ. ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 1

Ɋɩɰʀɟ ɉɦɠɞɛ ɨɛ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷ ɮ ɫ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ ɢ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɮ

Ɋɫɩɴɛɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɉɦɠɞɛ ɢ ɥɩɨɠɧ ɰɮɟ Ƚ Ƚɛɬɨɾɱɩɝ

ɉɦɠɞ ɪɫɣɜɣɝɛɾ ɬɝʀɤ ɴɣɭ ɨɛ ɝɩɫɩɭɛɰ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ ɰɮɟ ɇ ȼɩɟɛɫɠɝɬɷɥɣɤ

Ɋɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɉɦɠɞɛ Ʌɨɺɢɷ ɉɦɠɞ "²ɜɦ ʀɧɩɝʀɫɨɩ ɪɫɛɝɣɝ ɮ ² ɫɫ Ɏ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɛɰ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɺɥ ɪɩɝɨɩɝɦɛɟɨɣɧ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɦɣɳɠ ɝɩɾɝɩɟɩɹ Ȳɞɩɫɺ Ɋɩ ɬɦʀɟɩɝɨɩ ɭɛ ɨɛɪɩɦɠɞɦɣɝɩ ɝʀɨ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɹɝɛɝ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥʀ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨʀ ɬɩɹɢɣ ɫɩɢ ɳɣɫɹɹɲɣ ɧɠɡʀ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɂɛ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɱɺ ɮ ɫ ɉɦɠɞ ɩɜɥɦɛɝ ɟɛɨɣɨɩɹ ɪɩɦɺɨ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨ ɬʀɝɠɫɺɨ ɭɛ ɫɛɟɣɧɣɲʀɝ ɛ ɢ ɭɣɝɠɫɱɺɧɣ ɭɛ ɮɦɣɲɛɧɣ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɝɛɝ ɝɩɹɝɛɭɣ Ɋɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɬʀɝɠ ɫɺɨ ʀ ɫɛɟɣɧɣɲʀɝ ɝʀɨ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɣɝ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɱɣɧ ɝʀɟ ɬɪɦɛɭɣ ɟɛɨɣɨɣ ɰɩɢɛɫɛɧ Ʌɨɺɢɷ ɉɦɠɞ ɪɫɛɝɣɝ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɹ ɋɮɬ ɬɹ ɩɟɨɩɩɬʀɜɨɩ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɣɝɳɣ ɝɬɹ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɝ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɫɮɥɛɰ Ƚʀɨ ɬɪɣɫɛɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩ ɞɮ ɝɛɫɺɢɷɥɩʁ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɣ ɺɥɛ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɟɩɫɮɲɠɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɲɣɨɣɦɛ ɬɮɟ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ ʀ ɢɜɣɫɛɦɛ ɟɛɨɣɨɮ Ƚɛɫɺɞɣ ɢɜɣɫɛɦɣ ɟɛɨɣ ɨɮ ɝ ɨɛɤɪɫɣɧʀɭɣɝɨʀɳʀɤ ʀ ɨɛɬɣɦɷɨɣɱɷɥʀɤ ɯɩɫɧʀ ɪɩɦɹɟɟɺ Ɋɩɰɩɟɣ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɉɦɠɞɛ Ʌɨɺɢɷ ɉɦɠɞ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɣɝ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɮ ɢɩɝɨʀɳ ɨɹ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɮ Ƚʀɨ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɝ ɮɬɪʀɳɨʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɨɛ Ƚʀɢɛɨ ɭʀɹ ɝ ɭɛ ɫɫ Ɉɠɩɜɰʀɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɢɟʀɤɬ ɨɹɝɛɭɣ ɝɩɾɨɨʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀɝ ɟɦɺ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɺɥ ʀ ɟɦɺ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɩɜɮɧɩɝɦɹɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩ ɪɩɦɷ ɜɮɝ ɟɦɺ ɨɣɰ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɧ ɱɠɨɭɫɩɧ ɢɜɮɭɮ ɢʀɜɫɛɨɩʁ ɢ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɠɨɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɟɛɨɣɨɣ ɋɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɲɣ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɉɦɠɞɛ ɨɛ Ʌɩɨ ɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷ ɛɜɩ ɑɛɫɞɩɫɩɟ ɺɥ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛ ɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɫɮɬɣɲʀ Ɉɠɬɭɩɫ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ ɬɭɝɠɫ ɟɡɮɾ ɴɩ ɝ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɜɫɛɦɣ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɭɣɬ ɝɩʁɨʀɝ ɨɛ ɟɝɩɰ ɭɣɬɺɲɛɰ ɲɩɝɨʀɝ ȿʀɬɭɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɩɥɩɦɣɱɷ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ ɉɦɠɞ ɨɛɥɛɢɛɝ ɪɫɣɥɫʀɪɣɭɣ ɟɩ ɦɩɟʀɤ ɥɩɦɠɬɛ Ʌɩɦɣ ɪɩɝʀɺɝ

Âèíèêíåííÿ ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè

27

ɪɩɞɩɡɣɤ ɝʀɭɠɫ ɲɩɝɨɣ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɩɧ ɫɮɳɣɦɣ ɟɩ ɧɮɫʀɝ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɢ ɭɩɞɩ ɜɩɥɮ ɟɠ ʁɰ ɨʀɰɭɩ ɨɠ ɲɠɥɛɝ Ɋɫɣɞɩɦɩɧɳɠɨʀ ɭɛɥɩɹ ɝɩɾɨɨɩɹ ɰɣɭɫʀɬɭɹ ɫɮɬɣɲʀɝ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɢɛɪɫɩɪɩɨɮ ɝɛɦɣ ʁɧ ɮɥɦɛɬɭɣ ɧɣɫɨɮ ɮɞɩɟɮ ɢɞʀɟɨɩ ɢ ɺɥɩɹ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɺ ɧɛɦɛ ɞɛɫɛɨɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɮɪɱɺɧ ɬɪɫɣɺɭɦɣɝʀ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɟɦɺ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɦɛ ɝɣɥɮɪ ɩɜʀɱɺɦɛ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɴɩɫʀɲɨɮ ɟɛɨɣɨɮ Ʌɣɾɝɮ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɧ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɧ ɧʀɬɭɛɧ Ɉɛ ɢɨɛɥ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɣ ɉɦɠɞ ɪɫɣɜɣɝ ɬɝʀɤ ɴɣɭ ɨɛ ɝɩɫɩɭɛɰ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ Ɏ ɫ ɉɦɠɞ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɪɩɬɦɛɝ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩʁɨʀɝ ɟɩ ɧɮɫʀɝ ɑɛɫɞɩɫɩɟɛ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɝʀ ɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɪɩɫɮɳɮɝɛɦɣ ɮɥɦɛɟɠɨɮ ɫɛɨʀɳɠ ɮɞɩɟɮ ɂɛ ɨɩɝɩɹ ɮɞɩɟɩɹ ɬɭɩɫɩɨɣ ɨɠɬɦɣ ɫʀɝɨɩɢɨɛɲɨɮ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɢɛ ɝɲɣɨɠɨʀ ɢɦɩɲɣɨɣ ɮɜɣɝɬɭɝɛ ɜʀɤɥɣ ɥɫɛɟʀɡɥɣ

ɢɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɩɝɠɫɭɛɭɣ ɪɩɦɩɨɠɨɣɰ ʀ ɝɭʀɥɛɲʀɝ ɭɛ ɨɛɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɮ ɭɩɫɞɩ ɝɠɦɷɨɣɧ ɬɮɟɨɛɧ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɉɦɠɞ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɝ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ Ʌɛɬɪʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɞɫɛɜɮɹɲɣ ɜɛɞɛɭʀ ɥɛɫɛɝɛɨɣ ɥɮɪɱʀɝ ɉɜɬɭɛɝɣɨɣ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɉɦɠɞɛ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɨɠ ɢ·ɺɬɩɝɛɨʀ ɂɛ ɩɟɨʀɾɹ ɢ ɝɠɫɬʀɤ ɺɥɛ ɝɥɛ ɢɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬʀ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɧɠɫ ɝʀɟ ɮɥɮɬɮ ɞɛɟɹɥɣ ɢɛ ʀɨɳɩɹ ³ ɢɛɞɣɨɮɝ ɮ ɪɩɰɩɟʀ ɨɛ Ʌɛɬɪʀɤ ɛ ɴɠ ɢɛ ʀɨɳɩɹ ³ ɪɩɧɠɫ ɨɛ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝɴɣɨʀ

I əɤɿ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɩɨɯɨɞɿɜ ɤɧɹɡɹ Ɉɥɟɝɚ ɧɚ Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɩɨɥɶ"

ȼɂɋɇɈȼɄɂ Ɏ 9,,,²,; ɬɭ ɝ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɫɩɢɞɩɫɭɛɨɨɺ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɝɲɣɰ ɪɫɩɱɠɬʀɝ ɮ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɂɛ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ Ȼɬɥɩɦɷɟɛ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɩ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭɮ ʀ ɧʀɡɨɛ ɫɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɩɬɠɫɠɟɩɥ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨ ɱʀ ,; ɬɭ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɾɟɣɨɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨʀɬɭɷ Ʌɨɺɢɷ ɉɦɠɞ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɝ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɮ ɋɮɬɷ ʀɢ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɹ ɝ ɾɟɣɨɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɝ ɢɜɣɫɛɨɨɺ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ Ʌɣɾɝɛ

ɁȺɄɊȱɉɂɆɈ ɁɇȺɇɇə ȍȘ ȏȡșȜ ȡȠȐȜȞȓțȜ ǾȡȟȪ ȁȘȞȎȴțȡ" ȍȘ ȝȓȞȦȳ Șțȭȕȳ ȕȒȳȗȟțȬȐȎșȖ ȟȐȜȬ ȐșȎȒȡ" ȇȜ ȠȎȘȓ ȝȜșȬȒȒȭ" ǽȞȜ ȭȘȳ șȓȑȓțȒȖ ȧȜȒȜ ȝȞȎȐșȳțțȭ Șțȭȕȭ ǼșȓȑȎ ȐȖ ȒȳȕțȎșȖȟȭ" ȇȜ ȐȎȚ ȕȒȎȱȠȪȟȭ ȡ țȖȣ ȢȎțȠȎȟȠȖȥțȖȚ"

§ 4. ÊÍßÇÞÂÀÍÍß ²ÃÎÐß ÒÀ ÎËÜÃÈ

ɂɜʀɫ ɪɩɦɹɟɟɺ ɰɮɟ Ɉ ɋɠɫʀɰ

Ƚɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺ ©ɞɫɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɝɩɞɨɹª ɧɛɦɹɨɩɥ ɢ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤ ɬɷɥɩʁ ɰɫɩɨʀɥɣ

Ɋɫɣɬɺɞɛ Ȳɞɩɫɺ ɪɠɫɠɟ Ɋɠɫɮɨɩɧ

I ɑɨɦɭ ɩɨɯɿɞ ȱɝɨɪɹ ɪ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɜɫɹ ɧɟɜɞɚɥɨ"

I ɑɨɦɭ ɡɚɝɢɧɭɜ ɤɧɹɡɶ ȱɝɨɪ"

Ɋɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ȳɞɩɫɺ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɉɦɠɞɛ ɥɨɺɢɹɝɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɪɩɲɛɝ ɬɣɨ ɋɹɫɣɥɛ ³ Ȳɞɩɫ Ʌɨɺɢɷ Ȳɞɩɫ " ³ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɝɛɝ ɬɪɫɛɝɮ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɪɩɪɠ ɫɠɟɨɣɥɛ ɨɛɪɩɦɠɞɦɣɝɩ ɢɞɮɫɭɩɝɮɹɲɣ ɬɰʀɟ ɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɮ ɾɟɣɨɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ɋɩɢɪɩɲɛɝ ɬɝɩɾ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɩɹ ɢ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɮɦɣɲɛɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɝɣɤɳɦɣ ɢ ɪɩɥɩɫɣ Ʌɣɾɝɮ Ȳɞɩɫ ɨɛɥɦɛɝ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɜʀɦɷɳɮ ɟɛɨɣɨɮ ɨʀɡ ɫɛɨʀɳɠ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɮɦɣɲʀ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɾ Ɋɩɟɨʀɪɫɩɝ·ɺ ʀ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɣɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɧɠ ɡɣɫʀɲɲɺ ȿɨʀɬɭɫɛ ʀ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɞɩ ȼɮɞɮ Ɏ ɫ ɜʀɦɺ ɥɩɫɟɩɨʀɝ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫ ɡɛɝɣ ɝɪɠɫɳɠ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɩɝʀ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɥɣ ³ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞɣ Ȳɞɩɫɹ ɝɟɛɦɩɬɺ ɮɥɦɛɬɭɣ ɢ ɨɣɧɣ ɧɣɫɨɮ ɮɞɩɟɮ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ʁʁ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɫɮɳɠɨɩ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞʀɝ ɟɩ ɨɛɪɛɟʀɝ ɨɛ ɋɮɬɷ ɪʀɟɳɭɩɝɰɮɝɛɦɛ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɺ Ȳɞɩɫ ɺɥ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨɣɥɣ ɝɩɹɝɛɝ ʀɢ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɾɹ Ɏ ɫ ɝʀɨ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɮɝɛɝ ɞɫɛɨɟʀɩɢɨɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɨɠʁ ɢɛɦɮɲɣɝɳɣ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɭɣɬ ɦɩɟʀɤ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɱɠɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɢɛ ɝɠɫɳɣɝɬɺ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɩɹ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɬɪɛɦɣɦɣ ɯɦɩɭ ɫɮɬɣɲʀɝ ©ɞɫɠɱɷɥɣɧ ɝɩɞɨɠɧª Ɋɩ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɫɩɥɛɰ ɢʀɜɫɛɝɳɣ ɴɠ ɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɬɣɦɣ Ȳɞɩɫ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɣɝ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɛɦɠ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɫɛɢɮ ɜɣɭɣɬɺ ɨɠ ɟɩɝɠɦɩɬɺ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɝʀɟɥɮɪɣ ɦɣɬɺ ɟɛɨɣɨɩɹ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɹ ɢɛ ɭɮ ɺɥɮ ɩɭɫɣ ɧɛɝ ɝʀɟ ɨɣɰ ɫɛɨʀɳɠ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɉɦɠɞ ɭɛ ɮɥɦɛɦɣ ɨɩɝɮ ɮɞɩɟɮ ɺɥɛ ɪʀɟɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɝɛɦɛ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨʀ ʀɨɭɠɫɠɬɣ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɮɪɱʀɝ ɨɛ ɫɣɨɥɛɰ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɐɩɲɛ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɮɞɩɟɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɟɠɴɩ ɞʀɫɳɣɧɣ ɨʀɡ ɢ ɉɦɠɞɩɧ Ɏ ɫ Ȳɞɩɫ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɝ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɨɛ ɂɛɥɛɝɥɛɢɢɺ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɲɣɰ ɞɩɫɱʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɬɩɹɢɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀɝ Ɏɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɣ ɫɮɬɣɲɛɧ ɪɩɭɛɦɛɨɣɦɩ ɩɝɩɦɩɟʀ

Âèíèêíåííÿ ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè

29

©Ⱦɫɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɝɩɞɩɨɷª ³ ɭɛɾɧɨɛ ɢɜɫɩɺ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀɝ ɑɠ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɛɦɛɹɲɛ ɬɮ ɧʀɳ ɺɥɮ ɪʀɟ ɭɣɬɥɩɧ ɝɣɥɣɟɛɦɣ ɢ ɜɫɩɨɢɩɝɣɰ ɭɫɮɜ ɛɜɩ ɨɛɦɣɝɛɦɣ ɝ ɧɮɳɦʀ ɤ ɥɣ ɟɛɦɣ ʁɰ ʀɢ ɥɛɭɛɪɮɦɷɭ ɨɛ ɝɩɫɩɡʀ ɬɮɟɨɛ Ɍɥɦɛɟ ɱʀɾʁ ɬɮɧʀɳʀ ɨɛɬɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɫɠɭɠɦɷɨɩ ɪɫɣɰɩɝɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɴɩ ɝɬʀ ʁʁ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɣɥɣ ɟɩɭɠɪɠɫ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɩɧʀ Ȳɧɩɝʀɫɨɩ ɝɩɨɛ ɧʀɬɭɣɦɛ ɬɧɩɦɮ ɬʀɫɥɮ ɬɠɦʀɭɫɮ ʀ ɨɛɯɭɮ ©Ⱦɫɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɝɩɞɩɨɷª ɨɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɞɛɬɣɭɣ ɝʀɨ ɞɩɫʀɝ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɨɛ ɝɩɟʀ ɭɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɧɣ ɧʀɬɭɛɧɣ ȿɠɫɜɠɨɭ ɓɛɫɝɛɨ ʀ ȼɠɫɟɛɛ ɭɛ ɢ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɢɟɩɜɣɲɲɹ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮ ɭɣɬɺ ɟɩɟɩɧɮ Ɏɭɫɣɧɛɨɨɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɣ ʀ ɢɟʀɤɬ ɨɠɨɨɺ ɟɛɦɠɥɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɥɩɳɭʀɝ ɇɛɜɮɭɷ ɬɛɧɠ ɱɠ ɬɪɩ ɨɮɥɛɦɩ Ȳɞɩɫɺ ɬɪɫɩɜɮɝɛɭɣ ɝɬɮɪɠɫɠɲ ɭɫɛ ɟɣɱʀʁ ɝɟɫɮɞɠ ɟɩɟɛɭɥɩɝɩ ɢʀɜɫɛɭɣ ɟɛɨɣɨɮ ɢ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨ Ɏɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɬɪɛɦɛɰɨɮɦɩ Ʌɨɺɞɣɨɺ ɉɦɷɞɛ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲɛɾ ɭʀɦɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ȳɞɩɫɺ ɰɮɟ Ƚ Ɍɮɫɣɥɩɝ ɠɬɥʀɢ

ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɉɲɩɦɹɝɛɨʀ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɇɛɦɩɧ ɟɠ ɫɠɝɦɺɨɣ ɝɩɬɠɨɣ ɫ ɫɩɢɞɫɩɧɣɦɣ ɟɫɮ ɡɣɨɮ Ȳɞɩɫɺ ʀ ɝɜɣɦɣ ɬɛɧɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ©ɚɥɴɩ ɝɨɛɟɣɭɷɬɺ ɝɩɝɥ ɟɩ ɩɝɠɱɷ ³ ɪɩɺɬɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɝʀɤ ɮɲɣɨɩɥ ³ ɭɩ ɝɣɨɩɬɣɭɷ ɪɩ ɩɟɨʀɤ ɮɬɠ ɬɭɛɟɩ ɺɥɴɩ ɨɠ ɝɜ·ɹɭɷ ɤɩɞɩ ɍɛɥ ʀ ɬɠɤ ɺɥɴɩ ɨɠ ɝɜ·ɾɧɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɭɩ ɝʀɨ ɮɬʀɰ ɨɛɬ ɪɩɞɮɜɣɭɷª Ɍɧɠɫɭɷ Ȳɞɩɫɺ ɢɨɛɧɠɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɠɭɛɪɮ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ

I ɓɨ ɩɪɢɡɜɟɥɨ ɞɨ ɡɚɝɢɛɟɥɿ ɤɧɹɡɹ ȱɝɨɪɹ" Ɋɩɧɬɭɛ ɥɨɺɞɣɨʀ ɉɦɷɞɣ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɢɛɞɣɜɠɦʀ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ȳɞɩɫɺ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɠɧ ɧɛɝ ɬɭɛɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɣɨ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ɭɛ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɩɤ ɜɮɝ ʀɴɠ ɰɦɩɪɲɣɥɩɧ ɟɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɧɮɡɨʀɨɨɺ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɟɩ ɫ

ɪɩɬʀɟɛɦɛ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɛ Ȳɞɩɫɺ ɉɦɷɞɛ Ʌɨɺɞɣɨɹ ɉɦɷɞɮ ɜɦ ² ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ ɨɛɢɣ ɝɛɝ ©ɧɮɟɫʀɳɩɹ ɢɛ ɝɬʀɰ ɦɹɟɠɤª ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɝɛɝ ɺɥ ɝɫɩɟɦɣɝɮ ɫɩɢɮɧɨɮ ɠɨɠɫɞʀɤɨɮ ɡʀɨɥɮ ɛ ɝɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ³ ɺɥ ɟɛɦɠɥɩɞɦɺɟɨɮ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɩɥɫɩɝɨɮ ɭɛ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɡɩɫɬɭɩɥɮ ɪɫɛ ɝɣɭɠɦɷɥɮ ȿɠ ɤ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɛɫɩɟɣɦɛɬɺ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɺ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɛ ɥɨɺɞɣɨɺ ɨɠɝʀɟɩɧɩ Ɇʀɭɩɪɣɬ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɺɾ ɦɣɳɠ ɪɫɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ©ɪɫɣɝɠɦɣ Ȳɞɩɫɠɝʀ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɮ ɢʀ Ɋɬɥɩɝɛ ɨɛ ʀɧ·ɺ ɉɦɷɞɛª Ɍɝɩɾ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɉɦɷɞɛ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɛ ɢ ɪɫɣɟɮɳɠɨɨɺ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɪɩɧɬɭɣ ɝɜɣɝɱɺɧ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥɛ Ɏ ɭʀ ɲɛɬɣ ɥɫɩɝɨɛ ɪɩɧɬɭɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɠɪɣɬɛɨɣɧ ɢɛɥɩ ɨɩɧ ɍɩɤ ɰɭɩ ɨɠ ɪɩɧɬɭɣɝɬɺ ɝɜɣɝɱɺɧ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɣɰ ɨɛɝʀɥɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɝɬɺ ɢɞɛɨɷɜɦɠ ɨɣɧ ɉɪɣɬɛɨʀ ɝ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬʀ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɪɩɧɬɭɣ ɥɨɺɞɣɨʀ ɉɦɷɞɣ ɝɜɣɝɱɺɧ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥɛ ɯɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɣɦɣ ɢɨɣɴɠɨɨɺ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɡʀɨɨɺ

30

ÂÑÒÓÏ. ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 1

ɋɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɷ Ɉɠɬɭɩɫɛ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɱɺ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɝɜɣɝɬɭɝɛ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ȳɞɩɫɺ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɢɫɩɢɮ ɧʀɭɣ ɭɛɥ ɴɩ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨɣ ɬɪɫɣɤɨɺɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɺɥ ɝɦɛɬɨɮ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɮ ɤ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɦɣ ɢɛɰɩɪɣ ɭɣ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɨɛɟ Ʌɣɾɝɩɧ ȿɝɛɟɱɺɭɷ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɦɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɬɦʀɝ ɪɫɣʁɰɛɦɣ ɟɩ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɭɛ ɢɛɪɫɩɪɩɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɉɦɷɢʀ ɝɣɤɭɣ ɢɛɧʀɡ ɢɛ ʁɰ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɇɛɦɛ Ʌɨɺɞɣɨɺ ɫɩɢɪɫɛɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɢ ɨɣɧɣ ɬɮɭɩ ɡʀɨɩɲɩɹ ɰɣɭɫʀɬɭɹ Ƚɩɨɛ ɝɟɛɦɛ ɨʀɜɣɭɩ ɪɫɣɤɧɛɾ ɪɩɬɦʀɝ ʀɢ ɨɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɲɠɬɭɺɧɣ ɭɛ ɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɦɛ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɢɨɛɥ ɩɬɩ ɜɦɣɝɩʁ ɪɩɝɛɞɣ ɥɣɺɨɣ ɪɩɨɠɬɮɭɷ ʁɰ ɮ ɲɩɝɨʀ ɨɛ ɫɮɥɛɰ Ȼ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɞɩɫɟɣɰ ɭɛɥɣɧɣ ɪɩɲɠɬɭɺɧɣ ɪɩɬɦʀɝ ɥɣɨɮɦɣ ɟɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɺɧɣ ɝɣɥɩɪɛɨɩʁ ɮ ɟɝɩɫʀ ɪɛɦɛɱɮ ʀ ɢɛɥɩɪɛɦɣ ɡɣɝɱɠɧ ɋɩɢɪɫɛɝɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɢʀ ɬɝɛɭɛɧɣ ɉɦɷɞɛ ɪɩ ɪɫɩɬɣɦɛ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨ ɪʀɟʀɬɦɛɭɣ ɟɦɺ ɪɠɫɠ ɞɩɝɩɫʀɝ ʀɢ ɨɠɹ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɢɨɛɭɨɣɰ ɧɮɡʀɝ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɫɩɟɮ ɜɩɺɫ ɭɛ ɥɮɪɱʀɝ Ʌɩɦɣ ɭʀ ɪɫɣɜɮɦɣ ɟɩ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɥɨɺɞɣɨɺ ɢɛɪɫɩɪɩ ɨɮɝɛɦɛ ʁɧ ɝʀɟɪɩɲɣɭɣ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɟɩɝɞɩʁ ɟɩɫɩɞɣ ʀ ɪɩɪɛɫɣɭɣɬɺ ɝ ɦɛɢɨʀ ɺɥɮ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɢɛɲɣɨɣɦɣ ɤ ɢɛɪɛɦɣɦɣ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɪɩɬɦɛɧɣ ɍɫɠɭɺ ɪɩɧɬɭɛ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɡɩɫɬɭɩɥʀɬɭɹ ɪɠ ɫɠɝɠɫɳɣɦɛ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɉɦɷɞɛ ɬɪɩɝʀɬɭɣɦɛ ɴɩ ɜɛɡɛɾ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɭɣ ɪɩɧɣɨɥɣ ɢɛ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɲɩ ɦɩɝʀɥɩɧ ɭɩɡ ɨɛɥɛɢɛɦɛ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨɛɧ ɝɛɫɣ ɭɣ ɧɠɟ ʀ ɞɩɭɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɨɣɰ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɞɣɨɺ ɪɩɩɜʀɱɺɦɛ ɝɣɤɭɣ ɢɛɧʀɡ ɢɛ ɟɠɫɠɝ ɦɺɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɇɛɦɛ Ɋɩɜɦɣɢɮ Ȳɬɥɩɫɩ I Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɢ ɡ ɥɿɬɨɩɢɫɭ ɬɭɠɨɺ ³ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɬɭɩɦɣɱʀ ³ ɢɛ ʁʁ ɨɛ əɤɿ ɫɸɠɟɬɢ Ɉɥɶɝɢɧɨʀ ɩɨɦɫɬɢ ɥɛɢɩɧ ɨɛɬɣɪɛɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɣɤ ɥɮɫɞɛɨ Ɋʀɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɥɹɧɚɦ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɲɛɬ ɫɣɭɮɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɭɫɛɪɠɢɣ ɨɛ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɉɦɷɞɛ ɚ ɹɤɿ ² ɧɿ" ɟɩɲɠɥɛɦɛɬɺ ɪɩɥɣ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨɣ ɪɩɨɛɪɣɝɛ ɹɭɷɬɺ ʀ ɢɝɠɦʀɦɛ ɝɬʀɰ ɪɠɫɠɜɣɭɣ ɂɛɞɣɨɮɦɣ ɺɥ ɪɣɳɠ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ ɪ·ɺɭɷ ɭɣɬɺɲ ɦɹɟɠɤ Ɉɛɬɭɮɪɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ ɉɦɷɞɛ ɢʀɜɫɛɦɛ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɭɛ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɧɛɦɩɦʀɭɨʀɧ ɬɣɨɩɧ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛ ɝɩɧ ɫɮɳɣɦɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɠɧɦʀ ȼɣɭɝɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɞɫɛɨɩ ɛɦɠ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨɣ ɢɛɲɣɨɣɦɣɬɺ ɮ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɬɭɩɦɣɱʀ ɉɜɦɩɞɛ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɛ ɫʀɥ ʀ ɝɣɬɨɛɡɠɨʀ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨɣ ɢɛɪɫɩɪɩɨɮ ɝɛɦɣ ɉɦɷɢʀ ɧɠɟ ʀ ɰɮɭɫɩ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɝɩɨɛ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɭɛɥɩʁ ɝɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɟɛɨɣɨɣ ɪɩɝʀɟɩ

Âèíèêíåííÿ ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè

31

ɧɣɝɳɣ ɴɩ ʁɤ ɝɣɬɭɛɲɣɭɷ ɪɩ ɭɫɣ ɞɩɫɩɜɱʀ ɤ ɭɫɣ ɞɩɦɮɜɣ ɝʀɟ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɟɝɩɫɮ ȿɠɫɠɝɦɺɨɣ ɟɛɦɣ ɥɨɺɞɣɨʀ ɭɠ ɲɩɞɩ ɝɩɨɛ ɝɣɧɛɞɛɦɛ ȿɩ ɦɛɪ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɪɭɛɰɛ ɉɦɷɞɛ ɨɛɥɛɢɛɦɛ ɪɫɣɝ·ɺ ɢɛɭɣ ɢɛɪɛɦɠɨʀ ɭɫɮɭɣ ʀ ɥɩɦɣ ɪɩɬɮɭɠɨʀɾ ɝʀɟɪɮɬɭɣɭɣ ɨɛ ɝɩɦɹ Ɋɭɛɰɣ ɪɩɦɠɭʀɦɣ ɪʀɟ ɬɭɫʀ ɰɣ ɜɮɟɣɨɥʀɝ Ȳɬɥɩɫɩɬɭɠɨɺ ʀ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɬɪɛɦɛɰɨɮɦɩ ɢ ɮɬʀɰ ɜɩɥʀɝ Ȳ ɪɩɜʀɞɦɣ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨɣ ɢ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɉɦɷɡɣɨʀ ɦɹɟɣ ʁɰ ɦɩɝɣɦɣ Ɍɭɛɫʀɤɳɣɨ ɥɨɺ ɞɣɨɺ ɨɛɥɛɢɛɦɛ ɬɭɫɛɭɣɭɣ ɛɜɩ ɝʀɟɟɛɭɣ ɝ ɫɛɜ ɬɭɝɩ ɛ ɨɛ ɫɠɳɭɮ ɨɛɥɦɛɦɛ ɭɺɡɥɮ ɟɛɨɣɨɮ ȿɠɫɠɝɦɺɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɇɛɦ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɣɝ ɬɝɩɾ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɝ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪɩɦɩɨʀ ɂɞɛɟɥɩɹ ɪɫɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɩɬɺ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɇɛɦɣɨ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɝɠ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɝ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨɬɷɥʀɤ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɴɩ ɤ ɟɩɬʀ ɧɛɾ ɱɹ ɨɛɢɝɮ Ȳɬɨɮɾ ɱʀɦɥɩɧ ɝʀ ɫɩɞʀɟɨɛ ɝɠɫɬʀɺ ɴɩ ɟɩɨɷɥɛ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɇɛɦɮɳɛ ɺɥɮ ɉɦɷɞɛ ɢɫɩɜɣɦɛ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɥɦɹɲɨɣɱɠɹ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɥɩɰɛɨɥɩɹ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ɍɝɺ Ɍɪɛɦɠɨɨɺ Ȳɬɥɩɫɩɬɭɠɨɺ ɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɤ ɨɛɫɩɟɣɦɛ ɝʀɟ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɩɝɣɲɛ

I əɤɭ ɦɟɬɭ ɩɟɪɟɫɥɿɞɭɜɚɥɚ ɩɨɦɫɬɚ Ɉɥɶɝɢ"

ɑɨɦɭ Ɉɥɶɝɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɨɪɫɬɨɤɨ ɩɨɦɫɬɢɥɚɫɹ ɞɟɪɟɜɥɹɧɚɦ"

ɋɠɯɩɫɧɣ ɥɨɺɞɣɨʀ ɉɦɷɞɣ ɂɛɞɣɜɠɦɷ Ȳɞɩɫɺ ɞɩɬɭɫɩ ɪɩɬɭɛɝɣɦɛ ɪɣ ɭɛɨɨɺ ɫɠɯɩɫɧɣ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɞɩ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɭɛ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɪɩɫɺɟɥɮ ɬɭɺɞɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɟɛɨɣɨɣ ɉɦɷɞɛ ɝɪɩɫɺɟɥɮɝɛɦɛ ɪɩɦɹɟɟɺ ȼɮɦɩ ɩɥ ɫɠɬɦɠɨɩ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɪɠɝɨʀ ɪɫɩɧʀɡ ɥɣ ɲɛɬɮ ɬɭɺɞɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɛ ɟɛɨɣɨɛ ɂɛ ɥɨɺɡɩɹ ɬɥɛɫɜɨɣɱɠɹ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɩ ©ɦɩɝɣɴɛª ³ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɜɛɞɛɭʀ ɨɛ ɰɮɭɫɩɝɩɞɩ ɢɝʀɫɛ ɴɩ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɮɝɛɦɩ ʁʁ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɣɧ ɪɫɣɜɮɭɥɩɧ Ɏɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ©ɮɫɩɥɣª ɭɛ ©ɩɜɫɩɥɣª ɺɥʀ ɪɩɝɣɨɨʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɪʀɟɦɠɞɦʀ ɝ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɛɰ ɴɩ ɨɠ ɪɩɢɜɛɝɦɺɦɣ ʁɰ ɢɛɬɩɜʀɝ ʀɬ ɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɂɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɡɠɨɨɺɧ ©ɮɬɭɛɝʀɝª ɜɮɦɩ ɤɧɩɝʀɫɨɩ ɝɪɩɫɺɟɥɩɝɛɨɩ ɛɟɧʀɨʀɬɭɫɛɭɣɝɨʀ ɤ ɬɮɟɩɝʀ ɟʀʁ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ ɥɨɺɡɣɰ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɨɣ ɥʀɝ Ɏɦɛɳɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɭɛɥɩɡ ©ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɛª ʀ ɥɨɺɡʀ ©ɪɩɞɩɬɭɣª ³ ɧʀɬɱɺ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɨɨɺ ɟɛ ɨɣɨɣ ɭɛ ɩɬɠɫɠɟɥɣ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ

Ʌɨɺɞɣɨɺ ɉɦɷɞɛ ʀɢ ɬɣɨɩɧ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɩɧ

Ʌɮɪɛɦɷɨɺ ɥɨɺɞɣɨʀ ɉɦɷɞɣ ɨɛ ɫ Ʌɛɧ·ɺɨɥɛ ɧ Ʌɩɫɩɬɭɠɨɷ Ɂɣɭɩ ɧɣɫɬɷɥɛ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɷ

32

ÂÑÒÓÏ. ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 1

ɋɠɯɩɫɧɣ ³ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɨɩɝɩɝɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ ɝ ɺɥʀɤ ɨɠɜɮɟɷ ɬɯɠɫʀ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɂɛ ɥɨɺɢɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɉɦɷɞɣ ɫɩɢɜɮɟɩɝɮɝɛɝɬɺ ʀ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɛɝɬɺ ʁʁ ɬɭɩɦɷɨɣɤ ɞɫɛɟ Ɏ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɩɝɛ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɛ ɫɠɢɣɟɠɨɱʀɺ ³ ɉɦɷɡɣɨ ɟɝʀɫ ʀɢ ©ɭɠɫɠɧɩɧ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɣɧª Ȼɫɰɠɩ ɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɫɩɢɥɩɪɥɣ ɬɝʀɟɲɛɭɷ ɴɩ ɱɠ ɜɮɝ ʀɧɩɝʀɫɨɩ ɟɝɩɪɩɝɠɫɰɩɝɣɤ ɮɥɫɣɭɣɤ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɣɧ ɳɣɯɠɫɩɧ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɣɤ ɪɛɦɛɱ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɠɨɣɤ ɧɛɫɧɮɫɩɧ ʀ ɟɠɥɩɫɛɭɣɝɨɩɹ ɥɠɫɛɧʀɥɩɹ

I əɤɿ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɥɚ ɤɧɹɝɢɧɹ Ɉɥɶɝɚ" ɂɩɝɨʀɳɨɷɩɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɛ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɨɺɞɣɨʀ ɉɦɷɞɣ Ʌɨɺɞɣɨɺ ɉɦɷɞɛ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɣɦɛ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɮ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨɹ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɮ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɮ ɝʀɟ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨɣɥʀɝ ɝɩɨɛ ɝʀɟɟɛɝɛɦɛ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɞɮ ɟɣɪɦɩɧɛɭʀʁ ɛ ɨɠ ɝʀɤɨʀ Ɏ ɫ ɢɛ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɟɛɨɣɧɣ ³ ɫ ɉɦɷɞɛ ɝʀɟɝʀɟɛɦɛ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷ Ʌɨɺɞɣɨɺ ɤɧɩɝʀɫɨɩ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɦɛ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɭɣ ɟɛɝɨʀ ɪɫɣɝʀɦɠʁ ɟɦɺ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɮɪɱʀɝ ʀ ɬɪɦɛɭɮ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱɺɧɣ ɟɛɨɣɨɣ Ʌɣɾɝɮ ɂɛ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɱɺ ɮ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦʀ ɉɦɷɞɛ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɦɛ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɩ ȼɮɦɩ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɮɭɩ ɟɩɧɩɝɦɠɨɩɬɭʀ ɴɩ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɣ ɬɦɮɡɣɭɣɧɮɭɷ ʀɧɪɠ ɫɛɭɩɫɩɝʀ ɛ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɺ ɢɛ ɱɠ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɭɣɧɠ ɟɛɨɣɨɮ ɋɮɬʀ Ɉɛ ʁʁ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɨɨɺ ɉɦɷɞɛ ɨɛɟ ɬɣɦɛɦɛ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɝɩʁɨʀɝ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɦɛ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɮ ɝʀɤɨʀ ɢ ɛɫɛɜɛɧɣ ɫ ɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɢ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɛɧɣ ʀ ɜɩɦɞɛɫɛɧɣ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɥɨɺɞɣɨɺ ɉɦɷɞɛ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɦɛ ɪɠɫɳɮ ɬɪɫɩɜɮ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɣ ɟɣɪɦɩɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ɢ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩɹ Ȱɝɫɩɪɩɹ Ɏ ɫ ɝɩɨɛ ɨɛɟʀɬɦɛɦɛ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɩɬɦʀɝ ɟɩ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ Ɍɝɺɴɠɨɨɩʁ ɋɣɧ ɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɉɭɭɩɨɛ Ȳ ³ ɨɛɤɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɳɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɺ ɭɩɞɩɲɛɬɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɢ ɪɫɩɰɛɨɨɺɧ ɨɛɟɛɭɣ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɛ ɟɦɺ ɰɫɠɴɠɨɨɺ ɋɮɬʀ Ɋɩ ɟɠɺɥʀɧ ɲɛɬʀ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɟɩ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɪɫɣɜɮɦɛ ɐɫɠɴɠɨɨɺ ɉɦɷɞɣ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ ɢ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɮ

ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɧʀɬʀɺ ɩɲɩɦɹɝɛɨɛ ɲɠɨɱɠɧ Ȼɟɛɦɷɜɠɫɭɩɧ Ƚɩɨɛ ɟʀɺɦɛ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ² ɫɫ ɛɦɠ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɪɫɩɭɣɟʀɹ ɺɢɣɲɨɣɱɷ ɥɩʁ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɪʀɟ ɢɛɞɫɩɢɩɹ ɯʀɢɣɲɨɩʁ ɫɩɢɪɫɛɝɣ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɫɺɭɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɝɭɠɲɠɹ ɉɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɺɢɣɲɨɣɱɷɥʀ ɨɛɬɭɫɩʁ ɜɮɦɣ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɬɣɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɉɦɷɞɛ ɨɠ ɨɛɝɛɡɣɦɛɬɺ ɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɭɣ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ ɬɭɝɩ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɹ ɫɠɦʀɞʀɾɹ Ʉɧɩɝʀɫɨɩ ɱɠɤ ɨɠɮɬɪʀɰ ɪɩɬɦɛɜɣɝ ɪɩɢɣɱʀʁ ɉɦɷɞɣ ʀ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɦɛ ɟɩ ʁʁ ɬɣɨɛ Ɍɝɺɭɩ Ʌɮɪɠɦɷ ɟɦɺ ɰɫɠɴɠɨɨɺ ɢ ɬɩɜɩɫɮ ɬɦɛɝɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɜɮɝ ɪɫɣɰɣɦɷɨɣɥɩɧ ɺɢɣɲɨɣɱɭɝɛ Ɍɝ Ɍɩɯʀʁ ɝ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦʀ

Âèíèêíåííÿ ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè

33

I Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɦɚɥɸɧɨɤ ©Ʉɧɹɝɢɧɹ Ɉɥɶɝɚ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɋɨɛɨɪɭ ɋɜ ɋɨɮɿʀ ɜ Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨ ɩɨɥɿª ɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɜɿɞɢɧɢ ɤɧɹɝɢɧɟɸ Ɉɥɶɝɨɸ Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɩɨɥɹ ɓɨ ɧɚ ɜɚɲɭ ɞɭɦɤɭ ɦɨɝɥɨ ɜɪɚɡɢɬɢ Ɉɥɶɝɭ ɜ ɐɚɪɟɝɪɚɞɿ"

ȼɂɋɇɈȼɄɂ Ʌɨɺɢɷ Ȳɞɩɫ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɝɬɺ ɢɧʀɱɨɹɝɛɭɣ ɝɦɛɟɮ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɨɛɟ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɥɨɺɡʀɨɨɺɧɣ Ɋɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝɣ ɨɣɥɦɛ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɛ ɝɪɩɫɺɟɥɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɴɩɟɩ ɫɩɢɧʀɫʀɝ ʀ ɪɩɫɺɟɥɮ ɢɜɣɫɛɨɨɺ ɟɛɨɣɨɣ Ƚɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɷɩɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨʀ ɢɛɰɩɟɣ ɥɨɺɞɣɨʀ ɉɦɷɞɣ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɣ ɭʀɬɨʀɳɩɧɮ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɹ ɥɩɦɣɳɨʀɰ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɣɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɮ ɾɟɣɨɣɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɣɤ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɧ Ɏ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨɷɩɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨʀɤ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɥɨɺ ɞɣɨɺ ɉɦɷɞɛ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɣɦɛ ɨɩɝʀ ɪʀɟɰɩɟɣ ɨɛɟɛɹɲɣ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɞɮ ɧɣɫɨɣɧ ɢɛɬɩɜɛɧ ɨɛɟ ɝɩɾɨɨɣɧɣ ɁȺɄɊȱɉɂɆɈ ɁɇȺɇɇə ȍȘȳ ȘȜȥȜȐȳ ȝșȓȚȓțȎ ȕ·ȭȐȖșȖȟȭ țȎ ȘȜȞȒȜțȳ Ǿȡȟȳ ȕȎ ȝȞȎȐșȳțțȭ Șțȭȕȭ ǥȑȜȞȭ" ȇȜ ȝȞȖȕȐȓșȜ ȒȜ ȘȜțȢșȳȘȠȡ Șțȭȕȭ ǥȑȜȞȭ ȕ ȒȓȞȓȐșȭțȎȚȖ" ȍȘȳ ȞȓȢȜȞȚȖ ȕȒȳȗȟțȖșȎ țȎ Ǿȡȟȳ ȘțȭȑȖțȭ ǼșȪȑȎ" ǸȜșȖ ȐȳȒȏȡȐȟȭ ȝȓȞȦȖȗ Ȑ ȳȟȠȜȞȳȴ ȒȖȝșȜȚȎȠȖȥțȖȗ ȐȳȕȖȠ ȒȜ ǸȜțȟȠȎțȠȖțȜȝȜșȭ ȜȥȳșȪțȖȘȎ ǸȖȴȐȟȪȘȜȴ ȒȓȞȔȎȐȖ"

§ 5. ÊÍßÇÞÂÀÍÍß ÑÂßÒÎÑËÀÂÀ

ɂɨɛɥ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ

Ʌɨɺɢɷ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ɫɠ ɥɩɨɬɭɫɮɥɱʀɺ ɪɩɫɭɫɠɭɛ ɢɛ ɬɦɩɝɠɬɨɣɧ ɩɪɣɬɩɧ ɮ ɪɣɬɷɧɩɝɣɰ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛɰ

Ʌɨɺɢɷ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ɜɦ ² ɬɣɨ Ȳɞɩɫɺ ɭɛ ɉɦɷɞɣ ɪɩ ɬʀɝ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɪʀɢɨɩ ³ ɮ ɫ ɮ ɝʀɱʀ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɫɩɥʀɝ Ʌɨɺɢɷ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ɮɬɦɛɝɣɝɬɺ ɺɥ ɝʀɟɝɛɡɨɣɤ ɝɩʁɨ ʀ ɭɛ ɦɛɨɩɝɣɭɣɤ ɪɩɦɥɩɝɩɟɠɱɷ Ɍɭɛɝɳɣ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɣɧ ɪɫɛɝɣ ɭɠɦɠɧ ɝʀɨ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɝ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ ʀɢ ɧɠɭɩɹ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨ ɨɺ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɭɛ ɢɧɮɬɣɝ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɢɝɛɡɛɭɣ ɨɛ ʁʁ ʀɨɭɠɫɠɬɣ Ɉɠɬɭɩɫ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ ʀɢ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɦɹɜɩɝ·ɹ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɝ ɪɫɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɹɹɲɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɛ ɰɩɫɩɜɫʀɬɭɷ ʀɢ ɞɠɪɛɫɟɩɧ Ƚɩɤɩɝɨɣɲʀɬɭɷ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɦɛ ɟɮ ɰɩɝʀ ɠɪɩɰɣ ɥɩɦɣ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦʀ ɬɣɦɩɹ ɢɜɫɩʁ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɂɛ ɫɩɥɣ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨ ɨɺ ɝʀɨ ɪɫɩɤɳɩɝ ɪɩɰɩɟɛɧɣ ɝʀɟ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɞɩ Ɋɩɝɩɦɡɺ ɟɩ Ʌɛɬɪʀɹ ɭɛ ɟɛɦʀ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɧ Ʌɛɝɥɛɢɩɧ ʀ Ɋɫɣɲɩɫɨɩ ɧɩɫ·ɺɧ ɟɩ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɨɛ ȼɛɦɥɛɨɛɰ ɪɩɟɩ ɦɛɝɳɣ ɴɩɨɛɤɧɠɨɳɠ ² ɥɧ Ɉɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɮ ɝʀɟ ɉɦɷɞɣ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ɜɮɝ ɺɢɣɲɨɣɥɩɧ Ɉɛɧɩɝɦɺɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫʀ ɩɰɫɠɬɭɣɭɣɬɺ ɥɛɭɠɞɩɫɣɲɨɩ ɝʀɟɥɣ ɟɛɝ ɪɩɺɬɨɹɹɲɣ ɱɠ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɢ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɜɮɟɠ ɬɧʀɺɭɣɬɺ ɝɬɺ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɛ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɛ Ɋɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɹɲɣ ɮ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟɛɰ ɝʀɨ ɢɧʀɱɨɹ ɝɛɝ ɥɨɺɡɮ ɝɦɛɟɮ ʀ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɣɝ ɛɟɧʀɨʀɬɭɫɛɭɣɝɨʀ ɫɠ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɢɛɪɩɲɛɭɥɩɝɛɨʀ ɉɦɷɞɩɹ ɢʀ ɢɧɠɨɳɠɨɨɺ ɝɪɦɣ ɝɮ ɫɩɟɩɝɩʁ ɢɨɛɭʀ

I ɑɢɦ

ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɭɫɥɚɜɢɜɫɹ ɤɧɹɡɶ ɋɜɹɬɨ ɫɥɚɜ"

ɋɮʁɨɣ Ɍɛɫɥɠɦɛ ɯɩɭɩɢɨʀɧɩɥ ɫɩɢɥɩɪɩɥ ɢ ɦʀɭɛɥɛ ɮ ɫ

Ɋɩɰʀɟ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɐɩɢɛɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɛɞɛɨɛɭɮ Ɋɠɫɳɩɲɠɫɞɩɝɣɧ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺɧ Ɍɝɺ ɭɩɬɦɛɝ ɮɝɛɡɛɝ ɮɬɮɨɠɨɨɺ ɰɩɢɛɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɛɞɫɩ ɢɣ Ɏ ² ɫɫ ɝʀɨ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɝ ɝɟɛɦɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɐɩɢɛɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɛɞɛɨɛɭɮ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ɬɪɠɫɳɮ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɝ ɬɰʀɟ ɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɣɤ ɬɩɹɢ ɝ·ɺɭɣɲʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɧɠɳɥɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɫʀɲɱʀ ɉɥɛ ʀ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɦɣ

35

Âèíèêíåííÿ ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè

ɟɛɨɣɨɮ ɰɩɢɛɫɛɧ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɣɝ ɝʀɟ ɰɩ ɢɛɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɩɬɭʀ ɤ ɪɫɣɧɮɬɣɝ ɬɪɦɛɲɮ ɝɛɭɣ ɟɛɨɣɨɮ Ʌɣɾɝɮ ɨɠɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥʀ ɪɦɠ ɧɠɨɛ ɧɠɫɹ ɧɮɫɩɧɮ ɧɠɴɠɫɮ ɲɠɫɠɧɣɬʀɝ ɧɩɫɟɝɮ ɜɮɫɭɛɬʀɝ ʀ ɝɩɦɢɷɥɣɰ ɜɮɦɞɛɫ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɬɪɮɬɭɣɦɣɬɺ Ƚɩɦɞɩɹ ɟɩ ʁʁ ɞɣɫɦɛ ɟɠ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɱɠɨɭɫ ɐɩ ɢɛɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɛɞɛɨɛɭɮ ʀ ɢɛɝɟɛɝɳɣ ɪɩɫɛɢ ɥɣ ɰɩɢɛɫɛɧ ɩɝɩɦɩɟʀɦɣ ʁɰɨɷɩɹ ɬɭɩɦɣɱɠɹ ɧʀɬɭɩɧ Ȳɭʀɦɷ ȿɛɦʀ ɫɮɳɣɝɳɣ ɨɛ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲ ɨɣɤ Ʌɛɝɥɛɢ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɝ ɭɛ ɩɜɥɦɛɝ ɟɛɨɣɨɩɹ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛ ɛɦɛɨʀɝ ɛɜɩ ɺɬʀɝ ɪɫɠɟɥʀɝ ɩɬɠɭɣɨ ʀ ɛɟɣɞʀɝ ɛɜɩ ɥɛɬɩɞʀɝ ɪɫɠɟɥʀɝ ɛɟɣɞɠɤɱʀɝ ʀ ɲɠɫɥɠɬʀɝ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɝ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɍɛɧɛɭɛɫɰɛ ɨɛ ɍɛɧɛɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪʀɝɩɬ ɭɫɩɝʀ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɦɩ ɨɩɝɮ ɨɛɢɝɮ ³ ɍɧɮɭɛɫɛ ɥɛɨɷ ʀ ɰɩɢɛɫɬɷɥɮ ɯɩɫɭɠɱɹ Ɍɛɫɥɠɦ ɩɟɠɫ ɡɛɦɛ ɨɛɢɝɮ ȼʀɦɛ Ƚɠɡɛ

Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨɣɧ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɩɧ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ Ɍɝɺ ɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɢ ɰɩɢɛɫɛɧɣ ɝ ² ɫɫ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɬɦɛɜɦɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟ ɐɩɢɛɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɛɞɛ ɨɛɭɮ ɑɠ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɩ ɦʀɥɝʀɟɛɱʀʁ ɰɩɢɛɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɛ ɞɫɩɢɣ ɟɦɺ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɭɛ ɝɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɦɩ ɳɦɺɰ ɟɩ ʁʁ ɥɩɫɟɩɨʀɝ ɨɩɝɣɧ ɥɩɲɩ ɝɣɥɛɧ ɢʀ Ɍɰɩɟɮ ɨɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞɛɧ

Ɋɩɰʀɟ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɐɩɢɛɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɛɞɛɨɛɭɮ

I ɑɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɜɚɲɭ ɞɭɦɤɭ ɋɜɹɬɨɫɥɚɜɭ ɜɞɚ ɥɨɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɨɝɬɢ ɏɨɡɚɪɫɶɤɢɣ ɤɚɝɚɧɚɬ"

ȼɛɦɥɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ Ƚɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɭɣ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɮ ɪɩɭɮɞɮ ʀ ɭɛ ɦɛɨɭ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɦɣ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɝɳɣɬɷ ɟɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɪɩ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɮ ɮ ɪɫɣɟɮɳɠɨɨʀ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɜɩɦɞɛɫ Ɏ ɫ ɥɨɺɢɷ ʀɢ ɭɣɬɺɲɨɣɧ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɧ ɝɣɫɮ ɳɣɝ ɮ ɬɝʀɤ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ȼɛɦɥɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɟɩ ȼɩɦɞɛɫʀʁ Ƚʀɨ ɫɩɢɜɣɝ ɪʀɟ ȿɩɫɩɬɭɩɦɩɧ ɬɣɦɷɨɠ ɜɩɦɞɛɫɬɷɥɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝ ɧʀɬɭ ʀ ɬʀɝ ɥɨɺɢɹɹɲɣ ɭɮɭ ɮ ɧʀɬɭʀ Ɋɠɫɠ ɺɬɦɛɝɱʀ Ɉɛɦɺɥɛɨʀ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɩɹ Ɍɝɺɭɩ ɬɦɛɝɛ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɭɣ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɛɨɮ ȼɩɦɞɛɫʀɹ ɭɛ ɤɩɞɩ

ɐɩɢɛɫɬɷɥɛ ɬɭɩɦɣɱɺ Ȳɭʀɦɷ

36

ÂÑÒÓÏ. ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 1

Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥ Ɇɠɝ ȿʀɛɥɩɨ ɺɥɣɤ ɬɛɧ ɜɛɲɣɝ Ɍɝɺ ɭɩ ɬɦɛɝɛ ɪɫɩ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɨɺɢɺ ©Ɉɛ ɝɣɞɦɺɟ ɝʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɭɛɥɣɧ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɤ ɨɛ ɢɫʀɬɭ ɨʀ ɨɛɟɭɩ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɤ ɨʀ ɨɛɟ ɭɩ ɧɛɦɣɤ ʀɢ ɞɮɬɭɣɧɣ ɜɫɩɝɛɧɣ ʀɢ ɜɦɛɥɣɭɨɣɧɣ ɩɲɣɧɛ ɢ ɫʀɝɨɣɧ ɨɩɬɩɧ ʀɢ ɞɩɦɠɨɩɹ ɞɩɦɩɝɩɹ ʀ ɞɮɬɭɣɧ ɟɩɝɞɣɧ ɝɩɦɩɬɬɺɧ ɴɩ ɝɣɬʀɦɩ ɨɛ ɝɠɫɰɨʀɤ ɞɮɜʀ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɛ ɝ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɛ ɢɩɝɬʀɧ ɞɩɦɛ ʀ ɦɣɳɠ ɨɛ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ʁʁ ɜɩɱʀ ɝɣɬʀɦɩ ɪɛɬɧɩ ɝɩɦɩɬɬɺ ɴɩ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɦɩ ɢɨɛɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɫɩɟɮ ʀ ɳɣɺ ɭɩɝɬɭɛ ɪɦɠɲʀ ɳɣɫɩɥʀ ɤ ɝɠɬɷ ɬɭɛɨ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɬɭɫɮɨɥɣɤ Ƚʀɨ ɝɣɞɦɺɟɛɝ ɪɩɰɧɮɫɣɧ ʀ ɬɮɝɩɫɣɧ Ƚ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɝɮɬʀ ɝɣɬʀɦɛ ɝ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɢɩɦɩɭɛ ɬɠɫɠɡɥɛ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɠɨɛ ɟɝɩɧɛ ɪɠɫɦɣɨɛɧɣ ɢ ɫɮɜʀɨɩɧ ɮɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɣɧ ɧʀɡ ɨɣɧɣ ɉɟɺɞ ɨɛ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɜɮɝ ɜʀɦɣɧ ɺɥɣɤ ɨʀɲɣɧ ɩɥɫʀɧ ɲɣɬɭɩ ɭɣ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɝɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɩɟɺɞɮ ʀɨɳɣɰª

ȿɫɮɡɣɨɨɣɥɣ

I Ɉɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɨɡɛɪɨɽɧɧɹ ɪɭɫɶɤɢɯ

ɞɪɭɠɢɧɧɢɤɿɜ əɤɿ ɜɢɞɢ ɡɛɪɨʀ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɢ"

ȼɛɦɥɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ

ɨɛɧʀɫɛɧɣ ɪɠɫɠɨɠɬɭɣ ɟɩ Ɋɩɟɮɨɛɝ·ɺ ɬɭɩ ɦɣɱɹ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɪʀɟɜɮɫɣ ɦɣ ɟɩ ɨɛɪɛɟɮ ɨɛ Ʌɣʁɝ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞʀɝ Ɏ ɫ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɢɷɥɛ ɩɫɟɛ ɝɢɺɦɛ ɝ ɩɜ ɦɩɞɮ Ʌɣʁɝ Ʌɣɺɨɣ ɝʀɟɪɫɛɝɣɦɣ ɟɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɞʀɨɱɺ ɟɩɫʀɥɛɹɲɣ ɴɩ ɲɮɡɩʁ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɳɮ ɥɛɹɲɣ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɦɣɳɣɝ ɬɝɩɹ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ɬɪʀɳɨɩ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɝɬɺ ɟɩɟɩɧɮ ɤ ɝʀɟʀɞɨɛɝ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞʀɝ ɝʀɟ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɬɭɩɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɞɫɛɟɮ ɔɩɜ ɢɧʀɱɨɣɭɣ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɮ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɨɛ ɲɛɬ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɝʀɟɬɮɭɨɩɬɭʀ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɝ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɨɛɧʀɬɨɣɥɩɧ ɮ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɬɭɛɫɳɩɞɩ ɬɣɨɛ ɚɫɩɪɩɦɥɛ ɮ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨɬɷɥʀɤ ɢɠɧɦʀ ³ ɉɦɠ ɞɛ ɛ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɣ Ɉɩɝɞɩɫɩɟɩɧ ɪɩɬɦɛɝ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɪɩɢɛɳɦɹɜɨɩɞɩ ɬɣɨɛ ɝʀɟ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɥɨɺɞɣɨʀ ɇɛɦɮɳʀ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ɏ ɫ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ɝɣɫɮɳɣɝ ɮ ɟɫɮ ɞɣɤ ɭɛ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɟɩ ȼɩɦɞɛɫʀʁ ɑɠɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɨɠ ɧɛɝ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɮɬɪʀɰʀɝ ɺɥ ɪɩɪɠ ɫɠɟɨʀɤ Ʌɨɺɢɠɝʀ ɟɩɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɝɩɹɝɛɭɣ ɨɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɢ ɜɩɦɞɛɫɛɧɣ ɛ ɤ ɢ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱɺɧɣ Ɏ ɫ ɬɣɦɣ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɢɨɛɲ ɨɩ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɦɣ ɩɜɦɩɡɣɦɣ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɢ ɤɩɞɩ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɧ ɮ ɜɩɦɞɛɫɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɭʀ ȿɩɫɩɬɭɩɦ Ȼɦɠ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɨɛ ɬɪɫɩɧɩɞɦɣɬɺ ɢɟɩɜɮɭɣ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɋɮɬɣɲʀ ɨɠɩɟɨɩɫɛɢɩɝɩ ɝɣ

37

Âèíèêíåííÿ ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè

©Ɋɩɝʀɬɭɷ ɧɣɨɮɦɣɰ ɦʀɭª ɪɫɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɩ ɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢ ɰɩɢɛɫɛɧɣ ©Ɏ ɫʀɥ Ʌɩɦɣ ɥɨɺɢɷ Ɍɝɺɭɩ ɬɦɛɝ ɝɣɫʀɬ ʀ ɢɧɮɡɨʀɝ ɬɭɛɝ ɝʀɨ ɝɩʁ ɨʀɝ ɢɜɣɫɛɭɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ʀ ɰɩɫɩɜɫɣɰ ɜɩ ɤ ɬɛɧ ɜɮɝ ɰɩɫɩɜɫɣɤ ʀ ɦɠɞɥɣɤ ɐɩɟɺɲɣ ɺɥ ɪɛɫɟɮɬ ɞɠɪɛɫɟ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɩɾɨ ɝʀɨ ɲɣɨɣɝ Ƚɩɢʀɝ ɡɠ ɢɛ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɝʀɨ ɨɠ ɝɩɢɣɝ ɨʀ ɥɩɭɦɛ ɨɠ ɜɫɛɝ ɨʀ ɧ·ɺɬɛ ɨɠ ɝɛɫɣɝ ɛɦɠ ɪɩɭɩɨɥɮ ɨɛ ɫʀɢɛɝɳɣ ɥɩɨɣɨɮ ɛɜɩ ɢɝʀɫɣɨɮ ɛɜɩ ɝɩɦɩɝɣɨɮ ʀ ɨɛ ɝɮɞɦɺɰ ɬɪʀɥɳɣ ɱɠ I Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɦɚɥɸɧɨɤ əɤɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɥɿɬɨɩɢɫɰɹ ɜɿɧ ɿɥɸɫɬɪɭɽ" ɝʀɨ ʁɝ Ɉɛɝʀɭɷ ɳɛɭɫɛ ɝʀɨ ɨɠ ɧɛɝ ɛ ɪʀɭɨɣɥ ɬɦɛɝ ʀ ɬʀɟɦɩ ɥɦɛɝ ɮ ɞɩɦɩɝɛɰ ɍɛɥɣɧɣ ɡ ʀ ɝɬʀ ʀɨɳʀ ɝɩʁ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɣ Ȳ ɪɩɬɣɦɛɝ ɝʀɨ ɟɩ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɪɩɬɦʀɝ ɥɛɡɮɲɣ ©ɐɩɲɮ ɨɛ ɝɛɬ ʀɭɣª Ȳ ɪʀɳɩɝ ɝʀɨ ɨɛ ɉɥɮ ɫʀɥɮ ʀ ɨɛ Ƚɩɦɞɮ ʀ ɢɨɛɤɳɩɝ ɝ·ɺɭɣɲʀɝ ʀ ɬɥɛɢɛɝ ʁɧ ©Ʌɩɧɮ ɝɣ ɟɛɨɣ ɨɮ ɟɛɾɭɠ"ª Ƚɩɨɣ ɡ ɩɟɥɛɢɛɦɣ ©ɐɩɢɛɫɛɧ Ɋɩ ɳɠɦɺɞɮ ɩɟ ɫɛɦɛ ɟɛɾɧª Ɏ ɫʀɥ ɋɮɳɣɝ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ɨɛ ɰɩɢɛɫ Ɋɩɲɮɝɳɣ ɡ ɪɫɩ ɱɠ ɰɩɢɛɫɣ ɝɣɤɳ ɦɣ ɨɛɬɮɪɫɩɭɣ ɢ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɬɝɩʁɧ ʀ ɢɬɭɮɪɣɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɜɣɭɣɬɺ ʀ ɬɭɛɦɛɬɺ ɜɣɭɝɛ ɧɠɡɣ ɨɣɧɣ ʀ ɩɟɩɦʀɝ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ɰɩɢɛɫ ʀ ɞɩɫɩɟ ʁɰɨʀɤ ɬɭɩɦɣɱɹ Ȳɭɣɦɷ ʀ ɞɩɫɩɟ ȼʀɦɮ Ƚɠɡɮ ɝɢɺɝ ʀ ɺɬʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɞ ɝʀɨ ʀ ɥɛɬɩɞʀɝ ʀ ɪɫɣɤɳɩɝ ɟɩ Ʌɣɾɝɛ Ɏ ɫʀɥ Ɋɠɫɠɧʀɞ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ɝ·ɺɭɣɲʀɝ ʀ ɟɛɨɣɨɮ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ ɨɛɥɦɛɝª

I əɤɿ ɮɚɤɬɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɿ ɥɿɬɨɩɢɫɰɟɦ ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɧɟɜɢɛɚɝɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɿ ɯɨɪɨɛɪɿɫɬɶ

ɋɜɹɬɨɫɥɚɜɚ" Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɿ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɿ ɇɟɫɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚɡɜɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɿɜ ɤɪɚʀɧ ɦɿɫɬ ɬɨɳɨ ɿ ɩɪɨɫɥɿɞɤɭɣɬɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɢ ɜɨɽɧɧɢɯ ɩɨɯɨɞɿɜ ɋɜɹɬɨɫɥɚɜɚ ɜ ± ɪɪ

ɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɢ ȿɩɫɩɬɭɩɦɛ ɭɛ ɜʀɦɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɮɫʀɝ ɜɣɦɣɬɺ ɢ ɝɩɫɩɞɩɧ ɍɩɡ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱɺɧ ɟɩ ɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɪɩɞɩɟɣɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɮɥɦɛɟɠɨɨɺ ɧɣɫ ɨɩʁ ɮɞɩɟɣ ɢʀ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɩɧ ɂɛ ʁʁ ɮɧɩɝɛɧɣ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɝɣɪɮɬɥɛɦɣ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɢ ȿɩɫɩɬɭɩɦɛ ɢʀ ɢɜɫɩɾɹ ʀ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɮ ɝɛɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɰɛɫɲɛɧɣ ɨɛ ɢɝɩɫɩɭɨɣɤ ɳɦɺɰ Ɋɫɩɭɠ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɮ ɟɩɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɟɛɭɣ ɢɩ ɜɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɨɺ ɬɭɛɭɣ ɬɩɹɢɨɣɥɩɧ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀɝ ʀ ɨɠ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɝɩɦɩ ɟʀɨɨɺ ɝ Ʌɫɣɧɮ ɭɛ ɨɛ ȿɮɨɛʁ

ɝɪɟɰɶɤɢɣ ɮɥɨɬ

ɪɿɜ ɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɳɟ ɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɳɟ

ɝɪɟɰɶɤɢɣ ɬɚɛɿɪ

ǸȎȞȠȜȟȣȓȚȎ ȏȖȠȐȖ ȝȳȒ DzȜȞȜȟȠȜșȜȚ

38

ÂÑÒÓÏ. ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 1

ǵȡȟȠȞȳȥ ȘȖȴȐȟȪȘȜȑȜ Șțȭȕȭ ǿȐȭȠȜȟșȎȐȎ ȕ ȐȳȕȎțȠȳȗȟȪȘȖȚ ȳȚȝȓȞȎȠȜȞȜȚ ȄȖȚȳȟȣȳȱȚ ȣȡȒ Ǹ ǹȓȏȓȒȱȐ

Ɋʀɟɪɣɬɛɝɳɣ ɧɣɫ ʀɢ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱɺɧɣ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ɝɣɫɮɳɣɝ ɨɛ ɋɮɬɷ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɨɛ ɝʀɭɷ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɡɠɨɣɤ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɝɩɤɩɝ ɨɣɥ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɝɬɺ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɲɨɣɧ ɂɛ ɩɟɨʀɾɹ ʀɢ ɝɠɫɬʀɤ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɪʀɟɥɮɪɣɦɣ ɪɠɲɠɨʀ ɞʀɝ ɴɩɜɣ ɭʀ ɝɜɣɦɣ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ Ɉɛɝɠɬ ɨʀ ɫ ɥɩɦɣ ɫɮɬɣɲʀ ɪɩɝɠɫɭɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɜʀɦɺ ɟɨʀɪɫɩɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɫɩɞʀɝ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɦɣ ɝ ɢɛɬʀɟɥɮ ɮɦɛɳɭɩɝɛɨɮ ɪɠɲɠ ɨʀɢɷɥɣɧ ɰɛɨɩɧ Ʌɮɫɠɹ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ɢɛɞɣ ɨɮɝ ɮ ɜɩɹ ɂɛ ɪɠɫɠɥɛɢɛɧɣ ɰɛɨ ɨɛɥɛɢɛɝ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɢ ɤɩɞɩ ɲɠɫɠɪɛ ɲɛɳɮ ɩɥɮɝɛɝɳɣ ɢɩɦɩɭɩɧ Ɉɛ ɨʀɤ ɨɛɲɠɜɭɩ ɜɮɝ ɨɛɪɣɬ ©ɒɮ ɡɩɞɩ ɜɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɬɝɩɾ ɝɭɫɛɭɣɝª

Ʉɧɩɝʀɫɨɩ ɧɠɲ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɢɨɛɤɟɠɨɣɤ ɨɛ ɩ ɐɩɫɭɣɱɺ

I Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɦɚɥɸɧɨɤ Ɂɚ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɞɿɨɪɚɦɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɩɪɨ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɣ ɛɿɣ ɤɧɹɡɹ ɋɜɹɬɨɫɥɚɜɚ

Âèíèêíåííÿ ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè

ȼɂɋɇɈȼɄɂ Ɏ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɭɝɩɫɲʀɤ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɥɨɺɢɷ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ɨɛɟɛɝɛɝ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɞɮ ɛɥɭɣɝɨʀɤ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɤ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɱʀ ɺɥɛ ɧɛɦɛ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɱɷɥɮ ɬɪɫɺ ɧɩɝɛɨʀɬɭɷ ɍɛɦɛɨɭ ɪɩɦɥɩɝɩɟɱɺ ɨɠ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɟɩɪɩɝɨɹɝɛɝɬɺ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩɹ ɟɛ ɦɠɥɩɞɦɺɟɨʀɬɭɹ ɒɣɬɦɠɨɨʀ ɝʀɤɨɣ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɝɣɬɨɛɡɣɦɣ ɋɮɬɷ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɭɫɛ ɲɠɨɩ ɟɣɪɦɩɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ɢ ɪɫɩɝʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛɧɣ ɨɛɦɛɞɩɟɡɠɨʀ ɉɦɷɞɩɹ ɂʀ ɬɧɠɫɭɹ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɣɦɛɬɺ ɟɩɜɛ ɟɛɦɠɥɣɰ ɝɩɾɨɨɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ Ɉɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɥɣ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɝɩʁɨɛ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɨʀ ɫɛɨʀɳɠ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ʀ ɫɩɢɜɮɟɩɝʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɁȺɄɊȱɉɂɆɈ ɁɇȺɇɇə ǻȎȕȐȳȠȪ ȝșȓȚȓțȎ ȗ țȎȞȜȒȖ ȧȜ ȴȣ ȝȳȒȘȜȞȖȐ ȘțȭȕȪ ǿȐȭȠȜȟșȎȐ ȳ ȝȞȖȚȡȟȖȐ ȟȝșȎȥȡȐȎȠȖ ȒȎțȖțȡ ȅȜȚȡ ǯȎșȘȎțȟȪȘȳ ȝȜȣȜȒȖ ǿȐȭȠȜȟșȎȐȎ țȓ ȚȎșȖ ȡȟȝȳȣȡ" ȁȘȞȎȴțȟȪȘȖȗ ȳȟȠȜȞȖȘ ǺȖȣȎȗșȜ DZȞȡȦȓȐȟȪȘȖȗ țȎȕȖȐȎȐ Șțȭȕȭ ǿȐȭȠȜ ȟșȎȐȎ ©ȒȎȐțȪȜȞȡȟȪȘȖȚ ȟȝȎȞȠȎțȤȓȚª ȳ ©ȝȓȞȦȖȚ ȕȎȝȜȞȜȔȤȓȚ țȎ ȘȖȴȐȟȪȘȜȚȡ ȟȠȜșȳª ǽȜȭȟțȳȠȪ ȭȘ ȐȖ ȞȜȕȡȚȳȱȠȓ țȎȐȓȒȓțȳ ȣȎȞȎȘȠȓȞȖȟȠȖȘȖ

39

ÏÐÀÊÒÈ×ÍÅ ÇÀÍßÒÒß ¹1 ÊÍßÇÜ ÑÂßÒÎÑËÀ ÒÀ ÉÎÃÎ ÏÎÕÎÄÈ ɐȲȿ ɋɉȼɉɍɃ

ɉɢɨɛɤɩɧɣɭɣɬɷ ʀɢ ɢɛɪɫɩɪɩɨɩɝɛɨɣɧɣ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɩɧ ɋɩɜɩɭɛ ɝ ɞɫɮɪɛɰ

ȿɩɜɠɫʀɭɷ ɟɩ ɥɛɫɭ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨʀ ɱɣɭɛɭɣ ɢ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɟɡɠɫɠɦ ɺɥʀ ʀɦɹɬɭɫɮ ɹɭɷ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨʀ ɪɩɟʀʁ

ɋɩɢɬɭɛɝɭɠ ɢɛɪɫɩɪɩɨɩɝɛɨʀ ɱɣɭɛɭɣ ɮ ɰɫɩɨɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀɤ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨɩɬɭʀ ɂɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɩɥ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ ɟɩ ɧɠɭɣ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ Ƚɛɫʀɛɨɭ Ȳ

Ƚɛɫʀɛɨɭ ȲȲ

Ȳɬɭɩɫɣɲɨʀ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ

©ȁȔȓ țȎȚ țȳȘȡȒȖ ȒȳȠȖȟȪ Ȏ ȐȜșȓȬ ȳ țȓȐȜșȓȬ >ȒȜȐȓȒȓȠȪȟȭ@ ȟȠȎȠȖ țȎȟȡȝȞȜȠȖ ȀȜȔ țȓ ȜȟȜȞȜȚȖȚȜ ȕȓȚșȳ ǾȡȟȪȘȜȴ Ȏ șȭȔȓȚȜ ȘȳȟȠȪȚȖ ȠȡȠ ȏȜ Ȕ ȚȓȞȠȐȖȗ ȟȜȞȜȚȡ țȓ ȕȎȕțȎȱ ȍȘȧȜ Ȕ ȝȜȏȳȔȖȚȜ ȚȖ ³ ȠȜ ȟȜȞȜȚ țȎȚ ȀȜȔ țȓ ȐȠȓȥȓȚȜ Ȏ ȟȠȎțȓȚȜ ȘȞȳȝȘȜ Ȏ ȭ ȝȓȞȓȒ ȐȎȚȖ ȝȳȒȡ ȍȘȧȜ ȚȜȭ ȑȜșȜȐȎ șȭȔȓ ³ ȠȜȒȳ >ȟȎȚȳ@ ȝȜȒȡȚȎȗȠȓ ȝȞȜ ȟȓȏȓª ǥ ȟȘȎȕȎșȖ ȐȜȴ ©Dzȓ ȑȜșȜȐȎ ȠȐȜȭ șȭȔȓ ȠȎȚ ȳ țȎȦȳ ȑȜșȜȐȖ ȚȖ ȕșȜȔȖȚȜª

©ǽȞȖȗȦȜȐ >ȘțȭȕȪ@ ȡ ǽȓȞȓȭȟșȎȐȓȤȪ ǥ ȝȜȟșȎȐ ȒȜ ȑȞȓȘȳȐ ȝȜȟșȳȐ ȑȜȐȜȞȭȥȖ ©ȃȜȥȡ ȗȠȖ țȎ ȐȎȟª« ǥ ȝȳȦȜȐ ȒȜ ȄȎȞȑȞȎȒȎ ȞȜȕȜȞȭȬȥȖ ȚȳȟȠȎ ǥ ȒȎșȖ ȗȜȚȡ ȒȎțȖțȡ« ǥ ȝȜȐȓȞțȡȐȟȭ Ȑȳț ȡ ǽȓȞȓȭȟșȎȐȓȤȪ«ª

©ǰȐȎȔȎȬ ȧȜ ȠȖ țȓ ȕȎȏȡȐ ȝȞȜ ȝȜȞȎȕȘȡ ȏȎȠȪȘȎ ȠȐȜȑȜ ȭȘȖȗ ȝȜȞȡȦȖȐȦȖ ȘșȭȠȐȓțȖȗ ȒȜȑȜȐȳȞ ȝȞȖȝșȖȐ ȒȜ ȟȠȜșȖȤȳ țȎȦȜȴ ȕ ȐȓșȖȥȓȕțȖȚ ȐȳȗȟȪȘȜȚ

Âèíèêíåííÿ ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè

41

țȎ ȠȖȟȭȥȎȣ ȘȜȞȎȏșȳȐ Ȏ ȒȜ ǸȳȚȚȓȞȳȗȟȪȘȜȑȜ ǯȜȟȝȜȞȡ ȝȜȐȓȞțȡȐȟȭ șȖȦȓ ȕ ȒȓȟȭȠȘȜȚ ȥȜȐțȳȐ ȟȎȚ ȟȠȎȐ ȝȓȞȓȒȐȳȟțȖȘȜȚ ȟȐȜȱȴ ȏȳȒȖ ǻȓ ȕȑȎȒȡȬ ȭ ȐȔȓ ȝȞȜ ȗȜȑȜ ȔȎșȬȑȳȒțȡ ȒȜșȬ ª

©«ǾȡȦȖȐ« Ȑȳț țȎ DzȡțȎȗ țȎ ȏȜșȑȎȞ ȳ Ȑ ȏȖȠȐȳ ȝȓȞȓȚȳȑ« Ȑȳț ȏȜșȑȎȞ ǥ ȐȕȭȐ Ȑȳț ȐȳȟȳȚȒȓȟȭȠ ȚȳȟȠ ȝȜ DzȡțȎȬ ȳ ȟȳȐ ȘțȭȕȬȬȥȖ ȠȡȠ ȡ ǽȓȞȓȭȟșȎȐȤȳ ȏȓȞȡȥȖ ȒȎțȖțȡ ȕ ȑȞȓȘȳȐ«ª

©DzȞȡȔȖțȎ ȑȜȟȝȜȒȎȞȭ Ǿȡȟȳ ȭȘȖȗ ȘȜșȖȟȪ ȝȞȖȐȜȒȖȐ ȢșȜȠ ȝȞȜȠȖ ȞȜȚȓȴȐ« ȝȜ ȟȚȓȞȠȳ ȟȐȜȑȜ ȥȜșȜȐȳȘȎ ȝȞȖȏȡșȎ Ȑ ǸȜțȟȠȎțȠȖțȜȝȜșȪ ȃȞȓȟȠȖșȎȟȭ« ȐȜțȎ ȏȡșȎ ȑȳȒțȜ ȐȦȎțȜȐȎțȎª

©ǥ ȣȜȥȎ ȝȜȟșȎșȖ ȏȜșȑȎȞȖ ȐȳȟȠȪ ȤȳȟȎȞȓȐȳ ȧȜ ȗȒȓ ȞȡȟȪ țȎ ȄȎȞȪȑȞȎȒ ȐȜțȖ ȝȞȖȗȦșȖ ȳ ȟȠȎșȖ ȝȡȟȠȜȦȖȠȖ ȕȓȚșȬ ǥ ȑȞȎȏȡȐȎșȖ ȐȜțȖ ȝȜ ȡȕȏȓȞȓȔȔȬ ǽȜțȠȡ ȏȎȑȎȠȜ Ȕ ȳ ȟȐȭȠȖȣ ȤȓȞȘȜȐ ȐȜțȖ ȐȜȑțȓȐȳ ȜȒȒȎșȖ ȳ ȚȎȗțȎ țȓȚȎșȜ ȐȕȭșȖ«ª

©ȃȜȕȎȞȖ ȐȖȗȦșȖ ȟȡȝȞȜȠȖ țȪȜȑȜ ȕ ȘȎȑȎțȜȚ ȘțȭȕȓȚ ȟȐȜȴȚ ǥ ȕȟȠȡȝȖșȖȟȭ ȐȳȗȟȪȘȎ ȏȖȠȖȟȭ ȳ ȟȠȎșȎȟȭ ȏȖȠȐȎ ȚȓȔȖ țȖȚȖ ȳ ȜȒȜșȳȐ Ȑȳț ȣȜȕȎȞ ȳ ȑȜȞȜȒ ȴȣțȳȗ ȟȠȜșȖȤȬ ǥȠȳșȪ ȳ ȑȜȞȜȒ ǯȳșȡ ǰȓȔȡ ȐȕȭȐ ǥ ȭȟȳȐ Ȑȳț ȝȓȞȓȚȳȑ ȳ ȘȎȟȜȑȳȐ ȳ ȝȞȖȗȦȜȐ ȒȜ ǸȖȱȐȎª

©ȍȘȧȜ țȓ ȡȘșȎȒȓȚȜ ȚȖȞ ȳ ȒȳȕțȎȬȠȪȟȭ ȧȜ țȎȟ ȚȎșȜ ȠȜ ȝȞȖȗȒȡȠȪ ȳ ȜȏșȜȔȎȠȪ țȎȟ Ȑ ȚȳȟȠȳ Ǯ ǾȡȟȪȘȎ ȕȓȚșȭ ȒȎșȓȘȜ ȝȓȥȓțȳȑȖ ȕ țȎȚȖ ȐȜȬȬȠȪ ȳ ȣȠȜ țȎȚ ȠȜȒȳ ȒȜȝȜȚȜȔȓ" ȁȘșȎȒȓȚȜ Ȕ ȚȖȞ ȎȒȔȓ ȐȜțȖ ȐȔȓ ȐȕȭșȖ țȎ ȟȓȏȓ ȕȜȏȜȐ·ȭȕȎțțȭ ȝșȎȠȖȠȖ țȎȚ ȒȎțȖțȡ ³ ȤȪȜȑȜ ȕ țȎȟ ȳ ȐȖȟȠȎȥȖȠȪ ȍȘȧȜ Ȕ ȝȓȞȓȟȠȎțȡȠȪ ȝșȎȠȖȠȖ țȎȚ ȒȎțȖțȡ ȠȜ ȕțȜȐȡ ȕȳȏȞȎȐȦȖ ȏȓȕșȳȥ ȐȜȴțȳȐ ȝȳȒȓȚȜ ȕ Ǿȡȟȳ țȎ ȄȎȞȑȜȞȜȒª

©«ǥȚȝȓȞȎȠȜȞ >ȐȳȕȎțȠȳȗȟȪȘȖȗ@ ȕȑȜȒȖȐȟȭ țȎ ȝȓȞȓȑȜȐȜȞȖ ȳ Ȑ ȝȜȕȜșȜȥȓțȳȗ ȕȏȞȜȴ țȎ ȘȜțȳ ȝȞȖȴȣȎȐ ȒȜ ȏȓȞȓȑȎ ǥȟȠȞȎ Ȑ ȟȡȝȞȜȐȜȒȳ ȐȓșȖȘȜȑȜ ȕȎȑȜțȡ ȐȓȞȦțȖȘȳȐ ȧȜ ȐȖȏșȖȟȘȡȐȎșȖ ȕȏȞȜȱȬ ǸțȭȕȪ ȝȓȞȓȴȕȒȖȐ ȥȓȞȓȕ ȞȳȘȡ Ȑ ȟȘȳȢȟȪȘȜȚȡ ȥȜȐțȳ ȳ ȟȖȒȭȥȖ ȕȎ ȐȓȟșȜȚ ȑȞȳȏ ȞȎȕȜȚ ȕ ȳțȦȖȚȖ ȏȓȕ țȳȭȘȜȴ ȞȳȕțȖȤȳ«ª

ÓÇÀÃÀËÜÍÅÍÍß ÇÀ ÒÅÌÎÞ «ÂÈÍÈÊÍÅÍÍß ² ÑÒÀÍÎÂËÅÍÍß ÐÓѲ-ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ» Ɋɩɺɬɨʀɭɷ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɨɺɭɷ ʀ ɭɠɫɧʀɨʀɝ ©Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɫɩɢɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨª ©ɥɨɺɢɷª ©ɟɫɮɡɣɨɛª ©ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬª ©ɋɮɬɷª ©ʀɧɪɠ ɫʀɺª ©ɪɩɦɹɟɟɺª ©ɟɛɨɣɨɛª ɂɛɪɩɝɨʀɭɷ ɬɰɠɧɮ ©Ƚɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɺ ʀ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨɺ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɛ ɥɨɺɞɣɨʀ ɉɦɷɞɣª ɂɫɩɜʀɭɷ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨʀ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɥɣ Ƚɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɺ

ɂɩɝɨʀɳɨɺ

Ƚɣɥɩɨɛɤɭɠ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɢɛ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɩɹ ɥɛɫɭɩɹ ɂɨɛɤɟʀɭɷ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɫɩɢɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɣɰ ɬɩɹɢʀɝ ɭɛ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɬɮɬʀɟʀɝ ɮ 9ȲȲȲ²Ȳɐ ɬɭ Ɋɩɥɛɡʀɭɷ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɢɛ ɥɨɺɢɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɉɦɠɞɛ ʀ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ Ɋɩɥɛɡʀɭɷ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭʀ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɣ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ ɪɠɫɳɣɰ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ɋʀɟɞɩɭɮɤɭɠ ɪɫɠɢɠɨɭɛɱʀɹ ɨɛ ɭɠɧɮ ©Ⱦɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɭɛ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨª Ƚɣɬɦɩɝʀɭɷ ɝɦɛɬɨɠ ɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɝɠɫɬʀɤ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɢɝɣ ©ɋɮɬɷª ɚɥʀ ɯɛɥɭɩɫɣ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɝɪɦɣɨɮɦɣ ɨɛ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ" ɚɥɛ ɫɩɦɷ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɮ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨʀ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ" ɒɩɧɮ ɬɛɧɠ Ʌɣʁɝ ɬɭɛɝ ɱɠɨɭɫɩɧ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ" Ɋʀɟɞɩɭɮɤɭɠ ɨɛ ɝɣɜʀɫ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɤ ɪɩɫɭɫɠɭ Ȼɬɥɩɦɷɟɛ ɉɦɠɞɛ Ȳɞɩɫɺ ɉɦɷɞɣ ɲɣ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ

Âèíèêíåííÿ ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè

43

ÇÀÏÈÒÀÍÍß ÒÀ ÇÀÂÄÀÍÍß ÄËß ÓÇÀÃÀËÜÍÅÍÍß ÇÀ ÒÅÌÎÞ «ÂÈÍÈÊÍÅÍÍß ÒÀ ÐÎÇÂÈÒÎÊ ÐÓѲ-ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ» Ɍɥɦɛɟʀɭɷ ɪɠɫɠɦʀɥ ɪɩɟʀɤ ɢ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ,;²; ɬɭ ɺɥʀ ɝɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɾɭɠ ɨɛɤɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳɣɧɣ ɉɜʊɫɮɨɭɮɤɭɠ ɬɝʀɤ ɝɣɜʀɫ Ɋɩɺɬɨʀɭɷ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɨɺɭɷ ʀ ɭɠɫɧʀɨʀɝ ©Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɫɩɢɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨª ©ɥɨɺɢɷª ©ɟɫɮɡɣɨɛª ©ɋɮɬɷª ©ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺª ©ɬɩɹɢɣ ɪɦɠɧɠɨª ©ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬª ©ɪɩɦɹɟɟɺª ©ɟɛ ɨɣɨɛª ©ɫɠɯɩɫɧɣª ©ȼɛɦɥɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣª ©ɟɫɮɡɣɨɨɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛª ɚɥɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɦɩ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɝɦɛɬɨɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɬɰʀɟ ɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ" Ƚɣɢɨɛɲɭɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ©Ɋɩɝʀɬɭʀ ɧɣɨɮɦɣɰ ɦʀɭª Ɉɠɬɭɩɫɛ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɱɺ ɺɥ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲ ɨɩɞɩ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ ɪɫɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɮ ,;²; ɬɭ Ɉɛɝɠɟʀɭɷ ɪɫɣɥɦɛɟɣ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝɝɛɡɛɭɣ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɨɣɧɣ ɦɠɞɠɨɟɛɧɣ ɭɛ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɯɛɥɭɛ ɧɣ ɚɥɛ ɫɩɦɷ ɦɠɞɠɨɟ ɟɦɺ ɫɠɥɩɨɬɭɫɮɥɱʀʁ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɋɮɬʀ ,;²; ɬɭ " Ƚɣɥɩɨɛɤɭɠ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɢɛ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɩɹ ɥɛɫɭɩɹ

ɪɫɩɬɦʀɟɥɮɤɭɠ ɺɥ ɢɧʀɨɹɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝʀɟ ɪɠɫ ɳɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɟɩ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɠɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢɹɝɛɨɨɺ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ

ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɤɭɠ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ɫɩɢɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ʀɢ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɛɧɣ Ʌɣʁɝ ɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ɫ

ɨɛɢɝʀɭɷ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɭɛ ɬɩɹɢɣ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɺɥʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɣ ɾɟɨɛɨʀ ɤ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɠɨʀ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɥɨɺɢɺɧɣ

ɪɩɥɛɡʀɭɷ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭʀ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɮ ,;²; ɬɭ ɒɩɧɮ ɨɛ ɝɛɳɮ ɟɮɧɥɮ ɬɛɧɠ Ʌɣʁɝ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɝ ɫɩɦɷ ɱɠɨɭɫɮ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɮ ɾɟɣɨɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ʀ ɬɭɛɝ ʁʁ ɬɭɩɦɣɱɠɹ" Ɏɬɭɛɨɩɝʀɭɷ ɰɫɩɨɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɮ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ʀ ɨɛ ɢɝʀɭɷ ɫɩɥɣ ʁɰ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ Ɋɩɫʀɝɨɺɤɭɠ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɹ ʀ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨɹ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɮ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ,;²; ɬɭ Ƚɣɢɨɛɲɭɠ ʁʁ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥɣ ɚɥɣɧ ɨɛ ɝɛɳɮ ɟɮɧɥɮ ɜɮɝ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɤ ɝɨɠɬɩɥ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɢ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɮ ɫɩɢɜɮɟɩɝɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɬɭʀ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ" Ɉɛɢɝʀɭɷ ɯɛɥɭɣ ɺɥʀ ɬɝʀɟɲɛɭɷ ɪɫɩ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɩɬɭʀ ɤ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɛɝ ɭɩɫɣɭɠɭɮ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝ ,;²; ɬɭ ɚɥ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɢɛɾɧɣɨɣ ɋɮɬʀ ɢ ɬɮɬʀɟɛɧɣ" Ƚʀɟɨɩɬɣɨɣ ɢ ɺɥɩɹ ɥɫɛʁɨɩɹ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫʀɩɫɣɭɠɭɨɣɧɣ" ɚɥɛ ɫɩɦɷ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɳɦɺɰɮ ©ʀɢ ɝɛɫɺɞʀɝ ɮ ɞɫɠɥɣª ɮ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨʀ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ"

ÒÅÑÒβ ÇÀÂÄÀÍÍß ÄÎ ÒÅÌÈ «ÂÈÍÈÊÍÅÍÍß ÒÀ ÑÒÀÍÎÂËÅÍÍß ÐÓѲ-ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ» 1. Ʌɣʁɝ ɜɮɝ ɱɠɨɭɫɩɧ ɬɩɹɢɮ ɢ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ Ȼ ɪɩɦɺɨ ȼ ɬʀɝɠɫɺɨ Ƚ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨ Ⱦ ɟɮɦʀɜʀɝ 2. ɔɩɫʀɲɨɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɢ ɧɠɭɩɹ ɢɜɣɫɛɨɨɺ ɟɛɨɣɨɣ ɢ ɪʀɟɝɦɛɟɨɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɝɬɺ Ȼ ɪɩɦɹɟɟɺɧ ȼ ɮɫɩɥɩɧ Ƚ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɠɧ Ⱦ ɝʀɲɠɧ 3. ɍɠɩɫʀɺ ɢɞʀɟɨɩ ɢ ɺɥɩɹ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɨɛ ɋɮɬɷ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɣɨɠɬɠɨɩ ɝɛɫɺɞɛɧɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ Ȼ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɩɯʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɹ ȼ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɬɷɥɩɹ Ƚ ɰɩɢɛɫɬɷɥɩɹ Ⱦ ɟɮɨɛɤɬɷɥɩɹ 4. Ɏ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɫɩɱʀ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɩɬɷ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɰ ʀ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɣɰ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɉɦɠɞɩɧ" Ȼ ɫ ȼ ɫ Ƚ ɫ Ⱦ ɫ 5. ɔɩ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɪɫɣɝɩɟɩɧ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨ ɮ ɫ " Ȼ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɨɠ ɢɜɣɫɛɨɨɺ ɟɛɨɣɨɣ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ Ȳɞɩɫɠɧ ȼ ɮɬɮɨɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɣ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɩɧ ɥɨɺɞɣɨʀ ɉɦɷɞɣ Ƚ ɨɛɬɣɦɷɨɣɱɷɥɠ ɢɜɣɫɛɨɨɺ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɨɛ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷ Ⱦ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɮ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ɋɹɫɣɥɩɝɣɲʀɝ 6. ȿɩ ɥɩɞɩ ɢ ɭɛɥɣɧɣ ɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɦɛɬɷ ɥɨɺɞɣɨɺ ɉɦɷɞɛ ©ȼʀɦɷɳɠ ɝɡɠ ɨɠ ɰɩɲɮ ɧɬɭɣɭɣɬɺ ³ ɰɩɲɮ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝɢɺɭɣ ɢ ɝɛɬ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɟɛɨɣɨɮ ȿɛɤɭɠ ɧɠɨʀ ɝʀɟ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɟɝɩɫɮ ɪɩ ɭɫɣ ɞɩɦɮɜɣ ʀ ɪɩ ɭɫɣ ɞɩɫɩɜɱʀª" Ȼ ɪɩɦɺɨ ȼ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨ Ƚ ɝɩɦɣɨɺɨ Ⱦ ɬʀɝɠɫɺɨ

Âèíèêíåííÿ ³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè

45

ɂɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɣɤ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɧɛɦɹɨɩɥ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɭɣ ɺɥ ʀɦɹɬɭɫɛɱʀɹ ɟɩ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɨɩʁ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟʀ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɮ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɨɛ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɩ ɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ

Ȼ Ȼɬɥɩɦɷɟɛ ȼ ɉɦɠɞɛ Ƚ Ȳɞɩɫɺ Ⱦ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ Ɋɩɰɩɟɣ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɝ ȼɩɦɞɛɫʀɹ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɣ ɟɩ ɥɩɨɯɦʀɥɭɮ ɋɮɬʀ ɢ Ȼ ɐɩɢɛɫɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɛɞɛɨɛɭɩɧ ȼ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩɹ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɾɹ Ƚ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɧɣ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛɧɣ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ Ⱦ Ɍɝɺɴɠɨɨɩɹ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩɹ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɾɹ ɔɩ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɩɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀɝ ɪɩɬɩɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɥɨɺɞɣɨʀ ɉɦɷɞɣ ɟɩ Ʌɩɨ ɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ ɪɫɩ ɺɥɠ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɺɾ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ" Ȼ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɭɺ ɥɨɺɞɣɨɠɹ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ȼ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɠɨɨɺ ɉɦɷɞɩɹ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɮ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨ Ƚ ɫɩɢɪɮɬɥ ɥɨɺɞɣɨɠɹ ɝɛɫɺɢɷɥɣɰ ɟɫɮɡɣɨ Ⱦ ɩɞɩɦɩɳɠɨɨɺ ɉɦɷɞɩɹ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɐɩɢɛɫɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɥɛɞɛɨɛɭɮ Ɋɫɩɲɣɭɛɤɭɠ ɮɫɣɝɩɥ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ ʀ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɤɭɠ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ©Ɏɡɠ ɨɛɧ ɨʀɥɮɟɣ ɟʀ ɭɣɬɷ ɛ ɝɩɦɠɹ ʀ ɨɠɝɩɦɠɹ >ɟɩɝɠɟɠɭɷɬɺ@ ɬɭɛɭɣ ɨɛɬɮɪɫɩɭɣ ɍɩɡ ɨɠ ɩɬɩɫɩ ɧɣɧɩ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɋɮɬɷɥɩʁ ɛ ɦɺɡɠɧɩ ɥʀɬɭɷɧɣ ɭɮɭ ɜɩ ɡ ɧɠɫɭɝɣɤ ɬɩɫɩɧɮ ɨɠ ɢɛɢɨɛɾ ɚɥɴɩ ɡ ɪɩɜʀɡɣɧɩ ɧɣ ³ ɭɩ ɬɩɫɩɧ ɨɛɧ ɍɩɡ ɨɠ ɝɭɠɲɠɧɩ ɛ ɬɭɛ ɨɠɧɩ ɥɫʀɪɥɩ ɛ ɺ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɝɛɧɣ ɪʀɟɮ ɚɥɴɩ ɧɩɺ ɞɩɦɩɝɛ ɦɺɡɠ ³ ɭɩɟʀ >ɬɛɧʀ@ ɪɩɟɮɧɛɤɭɠ ɪɫɩ ɬɠɜɠª Ȳ ɬɥɛɢɛɦɣ ɝɩʁ ©ȿɠ ɞɩɦɩɝɛ ɭɝɩɺ ɦɺɡɠ ɭɛɧ ʀ ɨɛɳʀ ɞɩɦɩɝɣ ɧɣ ɢɦɩɡɣɧɩª ɑɹ ɪɫɩɧɩɝɮ ɥɨɺɢɷ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɝ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɜɣɭɝɩɹ ɢ Ȼ ɜɩɦɞɛɫɛɧɣ ȼ ɰɩɢɛɫɛɧɣ Ƚ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱɺɧɣ Ⱦ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞɛɧɣ

46

ÂÑÒÓÏ. ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 1

Ɏɬɭɛɨɩɝʀɭɷ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɟʀɤ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ȼ ©«ɋɮɳɣɝ« ɝʀɨ ɨɛ ȿɮɨɛɤ ɨɛ ɜɩɦɞɛɫ ʀ ɝ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɞ« ɝʀɨ ɜɩɦɞɛɫ Ȳ ɝɢɺɝ ɝʀɨ ɝʀɬʀɧɟɠɬɺɭ ɧʀɬɭ ɪɩ ȿɮɨɛɹ ʀ ɬʀɝ ɥɨɺɢɹɹɲɣ ɭɮɭ ɮ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɱʀ ɜɠɫɮɲɣ ɟɛɨɣɨɮ ɢ ɞɫɠɥʀɝ«ª ȼ ©ȿɫɮɡɣɨɛ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɺ ɋɮɬʀ ɺɥɣɤ ɥɩɦɣɬɷ ɪɫɣɝɩɟɣɝ ɯɦɩɭ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɫɩɧɠʁɝ« ɪɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥɛ ɪɫɣɜɮɦɛ ɝ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷ ɐɫɠɬɭɣɦɛɬɺ« ɝɩɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɞʀɟɨɩ ɝɳɛɨɩɝɛɨɛª Ƚ ©«Ȳ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɨɛɳ Ȳɞɩɫ ʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ʀ ɜɩɺɫɣ ɤɩɞɩ ʀ ɝɬʀ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɬɦɛɦɣ ɨɛɬ ɟɩ ɋɩɧɛɨɛ ʀ ɟɩ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɛ ʀ ɟɩ Ɍɭɠɪɛɨɛ ɟɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɱɛɫʀɝ ɞɫɠɱɷɥɣɰ ɮɭɝɠɫɟɣɭɣ ɟɫɮɡɜɮ ɢ ɬɛɧɣɧɣ ɱɛɫɺɧɣ ʀ ɢ ɮɬʀɧ ɜɩɺɫɬɭɝɩɧ ʀ ɢ ɮɬʀɧɛ ɦɹɟɷɧɣ ɞɫɠɱɷɥɣɧɣ ɨɛ ɝɠɬɷ ɲɛɬ ɟɩɥɣ ɬɺɾ ɬɩɨɱɠ ʀ ɝɠɬɷ ɬɝʀɭ ɬɭɩʁɭɷ«ª Ⱦ ©«ɧɣ >ɧɮɡʀ@ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ɫɮɬɷɥɩɞɩ« ɪɩɬɦɛɨʀ ɝʀɟ ɉɦɠɞɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɫɮɬɷɥɩɞɩ« ɟɩ ɝɛɬ Ɇɠɝɛ ʀ ɉɦɠɥɬɛɨɟɫɛ ʀ Ʌɩɬɭɺɨɭɣɨɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɢɛ ɝɩɦɠɹ ȼɩɡɩɹ ɬɛɧɩɟɠɫɡɱʀɝ ɱɠɬɛɫʀɝ ɞɫɠɱɷɥɣɰ«ª Ɏɬɭɛɨɩɝʀɭɷ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɧʀɡ ʀɧɠɨɛɧɣ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɭɛ ʁɰɨʀɧɣ ɢɟɩɜɮɭɥɛɧɣ 1 Ȼɬɥɩɦɷɟ Ȼ ɪɫɣɜɩɫɥɛɨɨɺ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨ ɉɦɠɞ ȼ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɰ ʀ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɣɰ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɉɦɷɞɛ Ƚ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɪɠɫɳɣɰ ɪɣɬɛɨɣɰ ɢɛɥɩɨʀɝ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ Ⱦ ɮɥɦɛɟɠɨɨɺ ɪɠɫɳɩɞɩ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɞɩ ɟɩɞɩɝɩɫɮ ɋɮɬʀ ɢ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɾɹ ʉ ɫɩɢɞɫɩɧ ɐɩɢɛɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɛɞɛɨɛɭɮ

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 2 Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) íàïðèê³íö³ Õ ² ó ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² ñò. Ó öüîìó ðîçä³ë³ Âè ä³çíàºòåñÿ ïðî: Êíÿçþâàííÿ Âîëîäèìèðà Âåëèêîãî ³ ßðîñëàâà Ìóäðîãî Ñòàíîâëåííÿ ôåîäàëüíèõ â³äíîñèí â Êè¿âñüê³é äåðæàâ³, ïîë³òè÷íèé óñòð³é, ñîö³àëüíó ñòðóêòóðó, ãîñïîäàðñòâî Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè Êóëüòóðó Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè

§ 6. ÊÍßÇÞÂÀÍÍß ÂÎËÎÄÈÌÈÐÀ ÂÅËÈÊÎÃÎ Ɋɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɩ ɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ƚɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɷɩɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨʀ ɪɠ ɫɠɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ Ʌɨɺɢɷ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ "² ɮɝʀ ɤɳɩɝ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ ɺɥ ɝɣɟɛɭɨɣɤ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥ ɛɟɧʀɨʀ ɬɭɫɛɭɩɫ ʀ ɫɠɯɩɫɧɛɭɩɫ Ɉɛɤɞɩɦɩɝɨʀɳɩɹ ɢɛɬɦɮɞɩɹ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɝɝɛɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ Ƚʀɨ ɬɭɛɝ ɾɟɣɨɩɝɦɛɟɨɣɧ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɠɧ ɋɮɬʀ ɮ ɫ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɢɛɪɠɥɦɩʁ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɢʀ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɜɫɛɭɛɧɣ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝ ɬɝɩɾ ɥɨɺɢɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɢ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɪɫɛɝɣɝ ɝɛɫɺɞʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɦɣ ɤɩɧɮ ɢɟɩɜɮɭɣ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɟɩ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ ɬɦɮɡɣɭɣ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩɧɮ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɮ ɛ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɟɫɮ ɡɣɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɪɩɬɛɟɣɝ ɨɛɧʀɬɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɝ ɜɛɞɛ ɭɷɩɰ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ɋɮɬʀ Ƚʀɨ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɝɛɝ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɮ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨɣ ɥʀɝ ɴɩɟɩ ɪʀɟɪɩɫɺɟɥɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ʌɣɾɝɮ ɬɰʀɟ ɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɺɥʀ ɨɠ ɝɝʀɤɳɦɣ ɟɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɮ ɋɮɬʀ ɛɜɩ ɝʀɟɪɛɦɣ ɝ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɫɩɥɣ ǸȖȴȐȟȪȘȎ ȒȓȞȔȎȐȎ ȕȎ ȥȎȟȳȐ ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞȎ Ɏ ɫ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɝʀɟɝɩɹɝɛɝ ɮ ɪɩɦɺɥʀɝ ǰȓșȖȘȜȑȜ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ɒɠɫɝɠɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ Ƚɩɦɣɨɷ ɒɠɫɝɠɨɷ ȼɠɦɢ ʀ Ɋɠɫɠɧɣɳɦɷ ȿɩ ɋɮɬʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɨɩ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɝ ɜɛɬɠɤɨʀ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩɞɩ ȼɮɞɮ Ɉɠɢɛɜɛɫɩɧ ɭɮɭ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɩ ɯɩɫɭɠɱɹ ȼɠɫɠɬɭɺ ɛ ɨɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɛɨɩ ɨɩɝɠ ɧʀɬɭɩ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ Ɏɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ² ɫɫ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɟɝʀɲʀ ɪɫɣɜɩɫɥɮɝɛɝ ɝ·ɺɭɣɲʀɝ ɛ ɪʀɢɨʀ ɳɠ ³ ɫɛɟɣɧɣɲʀɝ ɭɛ ɜʀɦɣɰ ɰɩɫɝɛɭʀɝ ɔɩɜ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɭɣ ɱʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɫ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɝ ɛɟɧʀɨʀɬɭɫɛɭɣɝɨɮ ɫɠɯɩɫɧɮ Ʌɨɺɢɷ ɪɩɢɜɛɝɣɝ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɮ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɮ ɢɨɛɭɷ ʀ ɪɩɬɛɟɣɝ ɮ ɥɨɺɡʀɨɨɺɰ ɨɛɧʀɬɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɟɠɬɺɭɷɩɰ ɬɣɨʀɝ Ƚʀɟɭɩɟʀ ɝ ɡɣɭɭɾɝɩ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɰ ɩɬɠ ɫɠɟɥɛɰ ɋɮɬʀ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɫɩɝʀɟɨɣɥɣ ɝɩɦʀ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ʌɨɺɢɷ ɪɫɩɝʀɝ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɬɮɟɩɝɮ ɫɠɯɩɫɧɮ ɢɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɣɝɳɣ ©Ɏɬɭɛɝ ɢɠɧɦɺɨɣɤª ³ ɨɩɝɠ ǰțȡȠȞȳȦțȭ ȏȡȒȜȐȎ ©ǵȚȳȱȐȖȣ ȐȎșȳȐª ȠȎ ɢɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ ɨɩɫɧ ɮɬɨɩɞɩ ɢɝɣɲɛɾɝɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɛ ȡȘȞȳȝșȓțȪ ȚȳȟȠ ȞȓȘȜțȟȠȞȡȘȤȳȭ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) íàïðèê³íö³ Õ – ó ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² ñò.

49

©ɂɧʀɾɝɣɧɣ ɝɛɦɛɧɣª ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɨʀ ɦʀɨʀʁ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɦɣ Ʌɣʁɝ ʀɢ ɪʀɝɟɨɺ ɬɰɩɟɮ ɤ ɢɛɰɩɟɮ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨɛ ɭɣɬɺɲɮ ɥʀɦɩɧɠɭɫʀɝ ɮɢɟɩɝɡ ɪɫɩɭɩɥ ȿɨʀ ɪɫɛ Ɉɛɢɝɛ ɪɩɰɩɟɣɦɛ ɝʀɟ ɦɠɞɠɨɟɣ ɪɫɩ ɜɩɞɛɭɣɫʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɜɩɫɩɦɣɬɺ ɢ ɝɠɦɠɭɠɨɬɷɥɣɧ ɢɧʀɾɧ ɴɩ ɨɛɪɛɟɛɝ ɨɛ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ƚɩɨɣ ɨɛɲɠɜɭɩ ɢɛɪɫɺɞɛɦɣ ɢɧʀɺ ɝ ɪɦɮɞ ɭɛ ɩɫɛɦɣ ɨɣɧ ɪɩɦɣɳɛɹɲɣ ɢɛ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɞʀɞɛɨɭɬɷɥʀ ɜɩɫɩɢɨɣ ɟɩɥɣ ɭɩɤ ɨɠ ɬɥɩɨɛɝ Ȼɫɰɠɩɦɩɞɣ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɣɝɳɣ ɢɛɦɣɳɥɣ ©ɂɧʀɾɝɣɰ ɝɛɦʀɝª ɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɦɣ ɴɩ ɪɠɫɠ ɝɛɡɨɮ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ʀɢ ɨɣɰ ɢɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɩ ɢɛ ɥɨɺɢɹɝɛɨɨɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ƚɣɬɩɭɛ ɝɛɦʀɝ ɬɺɞɛɦɛ ɧ ʁɰ ɟɩɪɩɝɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɟɠɫɠɝ·ɺɨʀ ɯɩɫɭɠɱʀ ɢ ɝɠɡɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɬɭʀɨɛɧɣ ɛɦɠ ɭʀ ɨɠ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ Ɏ ɯɩɫɭɠɱɺɰ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɢɛɞɩɨɣ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɋɩɢ·ʁɢɟɣ ɟɩɢɩɫɱʀɝ ɲɣ ɜɩɞɛɭɣɫʀɝ ɺɥ ʁɰ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɝ ɜɣɦɣɨɛɰ ɨɠɬɦɣ ɝ ɬɭɠɪɮ ©ɢɛɬɭɛɝɮ ɜɩɞɛɭɣɫɬɷɥɮª ʀ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɡɛɦɣ ɞɛɫɨʀɢɩɨɣ ɯɩɫɭɠɱɷ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɺɝɮ ɝɩɫɩɞɛ ȿɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩɜ ɟʀɤɭɣ ɟɩ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞɛɧ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɟɩɦɛɭɣ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɜɛɫ·ɾɫɣ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨʀ ɨɛ ɫʀɲɥɛɰ Ɍɮɦɛ ɍɫɮɜʀɡ ɉɬɭɠɫ ȿɠɬɨɛ ɭɛ Ɍɭɮɞɨɛ ɇʀɡ Ʌɣɾɝɩɧ ɭɛ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɷɩɹ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɨɩɹ ɦʀɨʀɾɹ ɨɛ Ɍɭɮɞɨʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɩ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɭɛɜʀɫ ȼʀɦɞɩɫɩɟ ɟɠ ɢɩɬɠɫɠ ɟɡɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɫɠɢɠɫɝɨʀ ɬɣɦɣ ɏɩɫɭɠɱʀ ɨɛ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɨɣɰ ɦʀɨʀɺɰ ɬɭɩɺɦɣ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɬɭɛɨʀ ² ɥɧ ɩɟɨɛ ɝʀɟ ɩɟɨɩʁ Ɋɫɩ ɨɛɜɦɣɡɠɨɨɺ ɝɩɫɩɞɛ ɬɮɬʀɟʀɝ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɺɦɣ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɣ ɟɣɧɮ ɛɜɩ ɝɩɞɨɹ ʀɢ ɬɣɞɨɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɝɠɡ

ɴɩ ɜɛɢɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɢɝɣɲɛɺɰ ʀ ɭɫɛɟɣ ɱʀɺɰ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɇɛɤɡɠ ɜɠɢɪɠɫɠɫɝɨɛ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣ ɧɣɫɛ ɢ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞɛɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɲɣɨɣɦɣ ɨɛɪɛɟɣ ɨɛ ɋɮɬɷ ɩɜɮɧɩɝɣɦɛ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɠɨɨɺ ɝɩɾɨɨɩʁ ɫɠɯɩɫɧɣ ɂɛɧʀɬɭɷ ɨɛɤɧɛɨɱʀɝ ɝɛ ɫɺɞʀɝ ɥɨɺɢɹ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɬɦɮɡɣɭɣ ©ɧɮɡʀ ɥɫɛ ɴʀª ɢʀ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɩɹɢʀɝ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɩ ɝɠɦɣ ɲɠɢɨɩɹ ɢɛ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɛɧɣ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɩɹ ɮɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɷ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɹ ɺɥ ©ɂɧʀɾɝʀ ɝɛɦɣª ȼɛɞɛɭɩ ɮɝɛɞɣ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɪɫɣɟʀɦɺɝ ɫɩɢ ɜɮɟɩɝʀ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɬɭɩɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ʌɣɾɝɛ Ɉɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɨɩɝɩʁ ɧʀɬɷɥɩʁ ɯɩɫɭɠɱʀ ©ɧʀɬɭɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛª ɪɦɩɴɠɹ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɞɛ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɛɜɩ Ⱦɩɫɮ ɩɭɩ ɲɣɦɣ ɝɣɬɩɥʀ ɢɠɧɦɺɨʀ ɝɛɦɣ ɢ ɟɠɫɠɝ·ɺɨɣɧɣ ɝɠɡɛɧɣ ȿɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɦɺɞɛɦɣ ɮɥɫʀɪ ɦɠɨʀ ɪɠɫɠɟɧʀɬɭɺ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɧ ʀɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɜɮɝ Ɋɩɟʀɦ ³ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɩ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɲɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧʀɬɭɛ

ǯȜȑȎȠȖȞȳ ȣȡȒ ǰ ǰȎȟțȱȤȜȐ

ȍȕȖȥțȖȤȪȘȓ ȘȎȝȖȧȓ ȡ ǸȖȱȐȳ ȟȡȥȎȟțȖȗ ȐȖȑșȭȒ

50

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 2

ǸȖȴȐ țȎȝȞȖȘȳțȤȳ ; ȟȠ ȚȎȘȓȠ

Ɉɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ Ƚɩ ɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɝ ɪɠɫɳɮ ɫɠɦʀɞʀɤɨɮ ɫɠɯɩɫɧɮ Ƚʀɨ ɬɪɫɩɜɮɝɛɝ ɫɠɯɩɫɧɮ ɝɛɭɣ ɺɢɣɲɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɝɳɣ Ɋɠɫɮɨɛ ɝɠɫɰɩɝɨɣɧ ɜɩɞɩɧ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɬɭɛɫɛ ɝʀɫɛ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɦɛ ɨɩɝɣɧ ɝɢɛɾɧɣɨɛɧ ɮ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝʀ ȿɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɮ ɭɩɞɩɲɛɬɨɩɧɮ ɰɫɣɬɭɣ ɺɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɪɫɣɨɣɢɦɣɝɣɧ ɪɫʀ ɢɝɣɬɷɥɩɧ ©ɝɛɫɝɛɫɣª Ʉɧɩɝʀɫɨɩ ɮɬɠ ɱɠ ɬɪɩɨɮɥɛɦɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɩɰɫɠɬɭɣɭɣ ɋɮɬɷ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɮ

I əɤɿ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɢɜ ɤɧɹɡɶ ȼɨɥɨɞɢ ɦɢɪ"

ɂɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɩɧ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ Ƚɣɫʀɳɣɝɳɣ ɩɰɫɠɬɭɣɭɣ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɢɮɪɣɨɣɝ ɬɝʀɤ ɝɣɜʀɫ ɨɛ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝʀ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɢɫɛɢɥɛ ɂɟʀɤɬɨɠɨɨɹ ɢɛɟɮɧʀɝ ɪɩɬɪɫɣɺɝ ɢɜʀɞ ɩɜɬɭɛ ɝɣɨ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ Ƚɛɬɣɦʀɤ ȲȲ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɝɬɺ ɟɩ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɢ ɪɫɩɰɛɨɨɺɧ ɪɫɩ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɮ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɮ ɟɦɺ ɪɫɣɟɮɳɠɨɨɺ ɜɮɨɭɮ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɪɩɞɩɟɣɝɬɺ ³ ɢɛ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɴɩ ɬɠɬɭɫɛ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ Ȼɨɨɛ ɬɭɛɨɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɩɹ Ƚɛɬɣɦʀɤ ȲȲ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɝ ɭɛɥɮ ɪɫɩɪɩɢɣɱʀɹ ɰɩɲɛ ɢɛ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɾɹ ɝʀɢɛɨ ɭʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɪɫɣɨɱɠɬɣ ɝɣɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɢɛɧʀɡ ɦɣɳɠ ɢɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɰ ɬɩɜʀ ɩɬʀɜ ɉɟɨɛɲɠ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ

ǰȕȭȠȠȭ ȘțȭȕȓȚ ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞȜȚ ȚȳȟȠȎ ǸȜȞȟȡțȪ ȃȓȞȟȜțȓȟ

ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞ ȟȠȎȐȖȠȪ ȳȒȜșȳȐ ȚȳțȳȎȠȬȞȎ ȕ șȳȠȜȝȖȟȡ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) íàïðèê³íö³ Õ – ó ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² ñò.

ɺɥ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɦɩ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɮ ɪɫɣɟɮɳɣɭɣ ɢɛɥɩɦɩɭ Ƚɛɬɣ ɦʀɤ ȲȲ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɣɝɬɺ ɝʀɟɟɛɭɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɬɠɬɭɫɮ ɢɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɔɩɜ ɪɫɣɧɮɬɣɭɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩ ɫɛ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɭɣ ɩɜʀɱɺɨɥɮ ɥɨɺɢɷ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɮ ɫ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɐɠɫɬɩɨɠɬ Ʌɩɫɬɮɨɷ ³ ɩɪɦɩɭ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ Ʌɫɣɧɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ Ƚɛɬɣɦʀɤ ȲȲ ɜɮɝ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɭɣ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɮɞɩɟɣ ɛɦɠ ɢɩ ɜɩɝ·ɺɢɛɝ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɳɦɹɜɩɧ ɢ Ȼɨ ɨɩɹ ɩɰɫɠɬɭɣɭɣɬɺ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɥɛ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɠ ɬɭɛɭɣ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɩɹ ɺɢɣɲɨɣɥɛ Ʌɨɺɢɷ ɪɫɣɬɭɛɝ ɨɛ ɱɠ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɩɰɫɠɴɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɬɝɺ ɴɠɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɝ ɐɠɫɬɩɨɠɬʀ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɮɢɺɝ ɳɦɹɜ ɢ Ȼɨɨɩɹ ɑɺ ɪɩɟʀɺ ɢɛɪɩɲɛɭɥɮɝɛɦɛ ɪɫɩɱɠɬ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɋɩ ɝɠɫɨɮɝɳɣɬɷ ɟɩ Ʌɣɾɝɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɩɫɞɛɨʀ ɢɮɝɛɝ ɰɫɠɴɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɬɭɩɦɣɱʀ ɫ ɝɝɛɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɫɩɥɩɧ ɰɫɠɴɠɨɨɺ ɋɮɬʀ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɭɣ ɰɫɠ ɴɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ȳɨɩɟʀ ɟɩɝɩɟɣɦɩɬɺ ɢɛɬɭɩɬɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɣɦɮ ɍɛɥ ɝɩɾɝɩɟɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ Ɋɮɭɺɭɛ ɰɫɠɬɭɣɝ Ɉɩɝɞɩɫɩɟ ©ɝɩɞɨɠɧ ʀ ɧɠɲɠɧª ɂɛ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɧ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɮ Ʌɣɾ ɝʀ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ² ɫɫ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɩ ɱɠɫɥɝɮ ȼɩɞɩɫɩɟɣɱʀ ɑɠ ɜɮɝ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɣɤ ɰɫɛɧ ɢɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɫɮɬɷ ɥɣɧɣ ɭɛ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɛɧɣ Ɉɛ ɮɭɫɣɧɛɨɨɺ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɝʀɟɟɛɝɛɝ ɟɠɬɺɭɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɰ ɪɫɣɜɮɭɥʀɝ ɭɩɧɮ ʁʁ ɨɛɢɝɛ ɦɣ ȿɠɬɺɭɣɨɨɩɹ ȿɠɬɺɭɣɨɛ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɣɧ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɩɧ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ Ȳɥɩɨɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɣ ʀ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɣɤ ɪɩɬɮɟ ɟɦɺ ɰɫɛɧɮ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɪɫɣɝʀɢ ʀɢ ɐɠɫɬɩɨɠɬɛ Ɏ ȿɠɬɺɭɣɨɨʀɤ ɱɠɫɥɝʀ ɢɛ ɫʀɳɠɨɨɺɧ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɮ ɥɛɧ·ɺ ɨɩɧɮ ɳɣɯɠɫɨɩɧɮ ɬɛɫɥɩɯɛɢʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɠɫɠɪɩ ɰɩɝɛɨɩ ɩɬɭɛɨɥɣ ɥɨɺɞɣɨʀ ɉɦɷɞɣ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɭɮɭ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɰɩɝɛɨɩ ɬɛɧɩɞɩ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ

51

ɐɫɠɴɠɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɰɮɟ ɇ Ƚɫɮɜɠɦɷ

Ɍɥɣɨɠɨɨɺ Ɋɠɫɮɨɛ ɰɮɟ ɇ ɇɛɥɛɫɩɝ

ɐɫɠɴɠɨɨɺ ɥɣɺɨ ɰɮɟ Ɍ Ȳɝɛɨɩɝ

ɂɛɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ȿɠɬɺɭɣɨɨɩʁ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɰɮɟ Ƚ Ƚɠɫɠɴɛɞʀɨ

I Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɢ

ɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ Ɋɭɫɿ ɡɚ ȼɨɥɨɞɢɦɢɪɚ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ

52

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 2

ɋɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɷ Ɉɠɬɭɩɫɛ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɱɺ ɝ ©Ɋɩɝʀɬɭʀ ɧɣɨɮɦɣɰ ɦʀɭª ɪɫɩ ɰɫɠɴɠɨɨɺ ɥɣɺɨ ©Ȳ ɥɩɦɣ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɪɫɣɜɮɝ ɪɩɝɠɦʀɝ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɬɥɣɟɛɭɣ ɥɮɧɣɫʀɝ ³ ɭɣɰ ɪɩ ɫɮɜɛɭɣ ɛ ɟɫɮɞɣɰ ɝɩɞɨɹ ɩɟɟɛɭɣ Ɋɠɫɮɨɛ ɡ ɪɩɝɠɦʀɝ ɝʀɨ ɪɫɣɝ·ɺɢɛɭɣ ɥɩɨɠɝʀ ɟɩ ɰɝɩɬɭɛ ʀ ɝɩɦɩɲɣɭɣ ɢ Ⱦɩɫɣ ɪɩ ȼɩɫɣɲɠɝɩɧɮ ɮɢɝɩɢɮ ɨɛ ɫɮɲɛɤ ʀ ɟɝɛɨɛɟɱɺ ɭɷɩɰ ɧɮɡʀɝ ɪɩɬɭɛɝɣɝ ɜɣɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɛɦɣɱɺɧɣ Ȳ ɥɩɦɣ ɩɭɩ ɝɩɦɩɥɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩ ɫɮɲɛɹ ɟɩ ȿɨʀɪɫɛ ɩɪɦɛɥɮɝɛɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɠɝʀɫɨʀ ɦɹɟɣ ɜɩ ʀɴɠ ɨɠ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɰɫɠɴɠɨɨɺ« Ɋɩɭʀɧ ɡɠ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɪɩɬɦɛɝ ɪɩɬɦɛɨɱʀɝ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɩ ɝɬɷɩɧɮ ɞɩɫɩɟɮ ɞɩɝɩ ɫɺɲɣ ©ɚɥɴɩ ɨɠ ɢ·ɺɝɣɭɷɬɺ ɰɭɩ ɢɛɝɭɫɛ ɨɛ ɫʀɱʀ ³ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɤ ɲɣ ɮɜɩɞɣɤ ɲɣ ɬɭɛɫɠɱɷ ɲɣ ɫɛɜ ³ ɭɩ ɧɠɨʀ ɭɩɤ ɪɫɩɭɣɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɜɮɟɠª Ȼ ɨɛɢɛɝɭɫɛ ɝɣɤɳɩɝ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɢ ɪɩɪɛɧɣ ɱɠɬɛɫɣɱɣɨɣɧɣ ʀ ɥɩɫɬɮɨɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɨɛ ȿɨʀɪɫɩ Ȳ ɢʀɤɳɦɩ ɬɺ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɜɠɢ ɦʀɥɮ ʀ ɝɦʀɢɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɮ ɝɩɟɮ ʀ ɬɭɩɺɦɣ ³ ɭʀ ɟɩ ɳɣʁ ɛ ɟɫɮɞʀ ³ ɟɩ ɞɫɮɟɠɤ ȿʀɭɣ ɡ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɩɟ ɜɠɫɠɞɛ ɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɨɠɧɩɝɦɺɭ ɟɠɫɡɛɦɣ ȿɩɫɩɬɦʀ ɡ ɜɫɩɟɣɦɣ ɮ ɝɩɟʀ ɛ ɪɩɪɣ ɬɭɩɺɲɣ ɧɩɦɣɭɝɣ ɭɝɩɫɣɦɣª

I əɤ ɡɚ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɥɿɬɨɩɢɫɰɹ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɨɫɹ ɯɪɟɳɟɧɧɹ ɤɢɹɧ" əɤ ɧɚ ɜɚɲɭ

ɞɭɦɤɭ ɯɨɬɿɜ ɜɩɥɢɧɭɬɢ ɧɚ ɤɢɹɧ ɿ ɫɯɢɥɢɬɢ ʀɯ ɞɨ ɯɪɟɳɟɧɧɹ ɤɧɹɡɶ ȼɨɥɨɞɢɦɢɪ ɬɢɦ ɳɨ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɜ ɛɢɬɢ ɩɚɥɢɰɹɦɢ ɫɬɚɬɭɸ ɉɟɪɭɧɚ" əɤɢɦ ɽ ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɇɟɫɬɨɪɚ ɞɨ ɩɨɞɿɣ ɩɪɨ ɹɤɿ ɜɿɧ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɜ" ɑɨɦɭ ɜɢ ɬɚɤ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɟ"

ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɮ ³ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɮ ɪɫɣɨɱɠɬɮ Ȼɨɨɮ ȿɠɬɺɭɣɨɨɮ ɱɠɫɥɝɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɫɮɤɨɩɝɛɨɩ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɩʁ ɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɉɟɨɛɲɠ ɫɮɬɣɲʀ ɨɠɩɰɩɲɠ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɝʀɫɣ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝ ʀ ɟʀɟʀɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨʀɢɛɱʀɺ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɫɩɢɭɺɞɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɷ Ɋɫɣɤɨɺɭɭɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɧɛɦɩ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɠ ʀɬ ©ǵșȎȠțȖȘª ȳ ©ȟȞȳȏțȖȘª Șțȭȕȭ ɭɩɫɣɲɨɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɭ ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞȎ șȖȤȪȜȐȖȗ ȏȳȘ

ɥɮ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɐɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɩ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɩ ɫɮɤɨɛɱʀʁ ɢɛɦɣɳɥʀɝ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɰ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨ ɮ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɹ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɝɣɢɨɛɨɨɹ ʁʁ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɨɛ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ƚɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɝɩɨɩ ɬɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɝɛɦɩ ɫʀɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɮɬʀɰ ɪɠɫɠɟ ȼɩɞɩɧ Ɋɫɣɤɨɺɭɭɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɟɩɦɮɲɣɦɩ ɋɮɬɷ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɟɩ ɥɩɦɛ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɟɠɫ ɡɛɝ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɂɧʀɱɨɣɦɩ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɣɤ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɦɩ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɥɨɺɢɺɧɣ ɧɩɡ ɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɟɦɺ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɫʀɝɨɩɪɫɛɝɨɣɰ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥʀɝ ʀɢ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɧɣ ɐɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɩ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɣɦɩ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝʀ ɟɩɥɩɫʀɨɨʀ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɮ ɬɝʀɭɩɫɩɢɮɧʀɨɨʀ ɬɰʀɟ ɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɪʀɟʊɫɮɨɭɺɧ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɺɥʀɬɨɩ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɪʀɟɝɛɦɣɨ ɮ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫʀ ɨɛ ɺɥɣɰ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɣɬɠɧɨʀɬɭɷ ɩɬɝʀɭɛ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɩ ɭɩɴɩ Ɍɛɧɠ ɟɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɛɜɣ ɬɝʀɭ ɟʀɢɨɛɝɬɺ ɴɩ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɨɩɝɩɹ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ ɬɷɥɩɹ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɹ ɮɪɠɫɳɠ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɥɛɫɜɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɰ ɢɩɦɩɭɣɰ ʀ ɬɫʀɜɨɣɰ ɧɩ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) íàïðèê³íö³ Õ – ó ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² ñò.

ɨɠɭ Ɉɛ ɱɣɰ ©ɢɦɛɭɨɣɥɛɰª ʀ ©ɬɫʀɜɨɣɥɛɰª ɜɮɦɩ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɢ ɛɭɫɣ ɜɮɭɛɧɣ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɮ ɥɩɫɩɨʀ ɬɣɟɺɲɣ ɨɛ ɭɫɩɨʀ

ɭɛ ɢ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɧ ɮ ɫɮɱʀ Ɉɛ ɢɝɩɫɩɭɨɩɧɮ ɜɩɱʀ ɧɩɨɠɭ ɥɛɫɜɮɝɛɦɣ ©ɭɫɣɢɮɜª ³ ɞɠɫɜ ɥɨɺɢɺ

I əɤɢɦɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɯɪɢ ɫɬɢɹɧɫɬɜɚ"

ɂɩɝɨʀɳɨɺ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɛ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ʌɨɺɢɷ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɜɮɝ ɬɣɦɷɨɣɧ ʀ ɝɩɤɩɝ ɨɣɲɣɧ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɠɧ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɫɩɝɛɟɣɝ ɛɥɭɣɝ ɨɮ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨɹ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɮ Ɏ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨɛɰ ʀɢ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀɧɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛɧɣ ɝʀɨ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɝ ɺɥ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɮ ɬɣɦɮ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɟɣɪɦɩɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɥɩɨɭɛɥɭɣ Ʌɨɺɢɷ ɝʀɟɝɩɹɝɛɝ ɮ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɢɛɞɛɫɜɛɨʀ ɨɠɹ ɒɠɫɝɠɨɬɷɥʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ƚʀɨ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɢɛɝɩɹ ɝɛɝ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɺɭɝɺɞʀɝ ³ ɟɣɥɩɞɩ ɛɦɠ ɧɮɡɨɷɩ ɞɩ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɦɠɧɠɨʀ ɺɥɠ ɡɣɦɩ ɝ ɦʀɬɛɰ ɧʀɡ Ɋɩɦɷɴɠɹ ɭɛ Ɇɣɭɝɩɹ ɂɛ ɬɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺɧ ʀɬɦɛɨɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɱɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɮ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɟɛɨɣɨɮ ɝɬʀ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɬɠɦɺɦɣ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɝʀɟ Ɉʀɧɛɨɮ ɟɩ ɏʀɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ Ʌɣʁɝ ɢɛ ɥɨɺɢɹɝɛɨɨɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɪʀɟ ɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɝ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ʀɢ ɂɛɰɩɟɩɧ ȿɝʀɲʀ ɝʀɟɝʀ ɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɮ ɭɛ ɫɫ

ɪɩɬɦɣ Ɋɛɪɣ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ȼ ɫ ʀ ɫ ɬɪɩɫɺɟɡɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɩɬɩɦɷɬɭɝɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɟɩ ɋɣɧɛ Ɋʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨɣ ɢʀ Ɍɝɺ ɴɠɨɨɩɹ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩɹ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɾɹ ȿɦɺ ɪɫɩɭɣɟʀʁ ɝɩɾɨɨɣɧ ɪɩɰɩɟɛɧ ɪɠɲɠɨʀ ɞʀɝ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɮɥɦɛɝ ɧɣɫ ʀɢ ɜɩɦɞɛɫɛɧɣ Ɏ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨɛɰ ʀɢ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɾɹ ɥɨɺɢɷ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɝ ɨɛɦɛɞɩɟɣɭɣ ɟɩɜɫɩɬɮ ɬʀɟɬɷɥʀ ɝɢɛɾɧɣɨɣ ʀ ɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɫɮɬɣɲʀɝ ɺɥ ɟɩ ɫʀɝɨɣɰ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɝ ɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɤɨɩʁ ɟɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɪɫɛɥɭɣɥɣ ©ɳɦɹɜɨɩʁª ɟɣɪɦɩɧɛɭʀʁ ɭɛ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩ ʁʁ

ǸțȭȕȪ ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞ ǰȓșȖȘȖȗ țȎ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȪȘȳȗ ȞȎȒȳ

ǵțȎȘ Șțȭȕȭ ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞȎ ȀȞȖȕȡȏ

țȎ ȤȓȑșȖțȳ DzȓȟȭȠȖțțȜȴ ȤȓȞȘȐȖ

53

54

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 2

ɢɛɬɭɩɬɩɝɮɝɛɝ ɟɦɺ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɛɨɨɺ ɬɭɛɜʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨ ɢ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɧɣ Ʌɩɡɠɨ ɳɦɹɜ ʀɢ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɪɫɛɝɦɺɲɣɰ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀɤ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɜɮɝ ɬɝɩɾ ɫʀɟɨɩɹ ɪɠɲɛɭɥɩɹ ɺɥɛ ɢɛɥɫʀɪɦɹɝɛɦɛ ɮɥɦɛɟɠɨɣɤ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɬɩɹɢ Ɍɭɛɫɳɣɤ ɬɣɨ Ɍɝɺɭɩɪɩɦɥ ɜɮɝ ɩɟɫɮɡɠɨɣɤ ʀɢ ɟɩɨɷɥɩɹ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ȼɩ ɦɠɬɦɛɝɛ ɐɩɫɩɜɫɩɞɩ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɬɭɛɝ ɢɺɭɠɧ ɳɝɠɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɉɦɛɯɛ ɉɟɨɛ ɟɩɲɥɛ Ɋɫɠɧɣɬɦɛɝɛ ɝɣɤɳɦɛ ɢɛɧʀɡ ɢɛ ɮɞɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ƚɦɛɟɣɬɦɛɝɛ Ɇɣɬɩɞɩ ɛ ɟɫɮɞɛ ³ ɢɛ ɲɠɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ȼɩɦɠɬɦɛɝɛ ɋɮɟɩɞɩ

I Ɂ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɚɦɢ ȼɨɥɨɞɢɦɢɪ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɜ ɡɜ¶ɹɡɤɢ" ȼɂɋɇɈȼɄɂ Ƚ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɥɨɺɢɷ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɮɝʀɤɳɩɝ ɺɥ ɠɨɠɫɞʀɤɨɣɤ ɫɠɯɩɫɧɛɭɩɫ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɛ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɹ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɍɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɝɣɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɛɬɦɮɞ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɢɝɠɦɣɲɠɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɨɛɫɩɟɩɧ ɮ ɜɣɦɣ ɨɛɰ ɺɥ ©Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ʌɫɛɬɨɠ Ɍɩɨɠɲɥɩª ʀ ɪɫɣɦɮɲɠɨɨɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɩɹ ɱɠɫɥɝɩɹ ɟɩ ɦɣɥɮ ɬɝɺɭɣɰ Ɉɛ ɂɛɰɩɟʀ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɢ ɪɩɝɛɞɩɹ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ©ɪɩ ɝɠɦɣɭɠɦɠɧ ɫɮɬʀɝ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɧ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɮ ɭɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɮª ɍɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɬɭɛɨɩɧ ɨɛ ɥʀɨɠɱɷ ɥɨɺɢɹɝɛɨɨɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣ ɧɣɫɛ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɛ ɭɣɬ ɥɧ2 ʀ ɝ ɱʀɦɩɧɮ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɦɛ ɧɠɡɛɧ ɫɩɢɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɰʀɟ ɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɩɭɣ ɏɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɱɠ ɜɮɦɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɛ ɟɩ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɂɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɡɠɨɨɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɩɧ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɺɥ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩʁ ɫɠɦʀɞʀʁ Ʌɣ ʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɧɛɦɩ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɠɪɩɰɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɠɝɩɫɩɭɮ ɴɩ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɣɝ ʁʁ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɣɤ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɝɝɠɟɠɨɨɹ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɋɮɬɷ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɢɧɩɞɦɛ ɝɝʀɤɭɣ ɟɩ ɥɩɦɛ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɬɝʀɭɮ ʀ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɫʀɝɨɩ ɪɫɛɝɨʀ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨɣ ɢ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɾɹ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨɩɹ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛɧɣ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ; ² ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;, ɬɭ ɋɮɬɷ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɛ ɨɠɜɛɲɠɨɩʁ ɧɩ ɞɮɭɨɩɬɭʀ ɢɧʀɱɨɣɦɩɬɺ ʁʁ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɾ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɠ ɭɛ ɢɫʀɬ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɣɤ ɛɝɭɩ ɫɣɭɠɭ

ɁȺɄɊȱɉɂɆɈ ɁɇȺɇɇə ȍȘȳ ȐțȡȠȞȳȦțȪȜȝȜșȳȠȖȥțȳ ȝȓȞȓȠȐȜȞȓțțȭ ȕȒȳȗȟțȖȐ ȘțȭȕȪ ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞ" ȅȖ ȟȝȞȖȭșȖ ȐȜțȖ ȕȚȳȤțȓțțȬ Ǿȡȟȳ ȁȘȞȎȴțȖ" ǾȜȕȘȞȖȗȠȓ ȝȓȞȓȒȡȚȜȐȖ ȠȎ ȳȟȠȜȞȖȥțȓ ȕțȎȥȓțțȭ ȕȎȝȞȜȐȎȒȔȓțțȭ ȣȞȖȟȠȖȭțȟȠȐȎ ȭȘ ȒȓȞȔȎȐțȜȴ Ȟȓșȳȑȳȴ Ǿȡȟȳ ȁȘȞȎȴțȖ ȅȜȚȡ ȣȞȓȧȓțțȭ ȏȡșȜ ȝȞȖȗțȭȠȜ ȟȎȚȓ ȕ ǰȳȕȎțȠȳȴ" ȅȎȟȠȖțȎ ȳȟȠȜȞȖȘȳȐ țȎȕȖȐȎȱ ǾȡȟȪ ȁȘȞȎȴțȡ ȳȚȝȓȞȳȱȬ ǻȎȐȓȒȳȠȪ ȎȞȑȡȚȓțȠȖ ©ȕȎª ȳ ©ȝȞȜȠȖª ȇȜ ȠȎȘȓ ©ȦșȬȏțȎª ȒȖȝșȜȚȎȠȳȭ"

§ 7. ÊȯÂÑÜÊÀ ÄÅÐÆÀÂÀ ÇÀ ÏÐÀÂ˲ÍÍß ßÐÎÑËÀÂÀ ÌÓÄÐÎÃÎ Ɋɫɣɰʀɟ ɟɩ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɚɥ ʀ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɟɩɬɭɮɪɣɝɬɺ ɟɩ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɝ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɧʀɡɮɬɩɜɨɩʁ ɜɩɫɩɭɷ ɜɣ ɢ ɜɫɛɭɛɧɣ Ɋɠɫɳɣɧɣ ɡɠɫɭɝɛɧɣ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɮɦɹɜɦɠɨʀ ɬɣɨɣ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ȼɩɫɣɬ ʀ Ⱦɦʀɜ Ƚɩɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɳɠɨʀ ɱɠɫɥɝɩɹ ɪɠɫɳɣɧɣ ɬɝɺɭɣɧɣ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɞɣɨɮɦɣ ɢɛ ɰɫɣɬɭɣ ɺɨɬɷɥɮ ɝʀɫɮ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɢɛɞɣɨɮɝ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ Ɇʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ ɬɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɾ ɴɩ ɜɫɛɭʀɝ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɜɣɭɩ ɢɛ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɧ ɪɛɬɣɨɥɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ɍɝɺɭɩɪɩɦɥɛ Ɋɫɩɭɣ ɝɜɣɝɱʀ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɢɝɠɟɠɨɣɰ ɜɫɛɭʀɝ ɺɥɣɤ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɝ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɝɣ ɬɭɮɪɣɝ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɴɩ ɥɨɺɡɣɝ ɭɩɟʀ ɝ Ɉɩɝ ɞɩɫɩɟʀ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɨɩɝɞɩɫɩɟ ɱʀ ɤ ɝɛɫɺɞɣ ɛ Ɍɝɺɭɩɪɩɦɥɛ ³ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞɣ Ɋɩɢɜɮɝɳɣɬɷ Ɍɝɺɭɩɪɩɦɥɛ ɫ ɚɫɩɬ ɦɛɝ ɢʀɭɥɨɮɝɬɺ ɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɢɛ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɢ ɬɭɛɫ ɳɣɧ ɜɫɛɭɩɧ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɩɧ Ɏɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɋɮɬɷ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɢɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɇɮɟɫɩɞɩ Ɇɣɬɭɝɠɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɜɣɭɝɣ ɺɥɛ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɛɬɺ ɫ ɧʀɡ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɩɧ ʀ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɩɧ ɜʀɦɺ ɒɠɫɨʀɞɩɝɛ ɜɫɛɭɣ ɟɩ ɧɩɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɪɩɟʀɦɣɭɣ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ ɋɮɬʀ ɨɛɝɪʀɦ ɪɩ ȿɨʀɪɫɮ ʀ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɣ ɫɛɢɩɧ Ʌɣʁɝ ʀɢ Ɋɫɛɝɩɜɠɫɠɡɡɺɧ ɢɛɦɣ ɳɣɝɬɺ ɢɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɩɧ ɛ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝ ʀɢ Ɇʀɝɩɜɠɫɠɡɡɺɧ ³ ɢɛ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɩɧ Ƚʀɟɭɩɟʀ ɜɫɛɭɣ ɡɣɦɣ ɝ ɢɦɛɞɩɟʀ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɛ ɫ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɪɫɛɝɣɝ ɩɟɨɩɩɬʀɜɨɩ ʀ ɬɭɛɝ ɢɛ ɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɱɺ ©ɬɛɧɩɝɦɛɟɱɠɧ ɋɮɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɠɧɦʀª

I əɤ ɿ ɤɨɥɢ əɪɨɫɥɚɜ ɫɬɚɜ ɨɞɧɨɨɫɿɛɧɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ Ɋɭɫɿ" Ƚɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɷɩɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɛ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ȿɩɜɛ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ² ɨɛ ɢɝɛɨɩɞɩ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɇɮɟɫɣɧ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɩɧ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭɮ ʀ ɨɛɤ ɝɣɴɩɞɩ ɪʀɟɨɠɬɠɨɨɺ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɏ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɭɝɩɫɲʀɤ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɝʀɨ ɬɭɛɝ ɞʀɟɨɣɧ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɝɛɲɠɧ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɜɛɭɷ ɥɛ ³ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ

ǥȘȜțȎ ȳȕ ȕȜȏȞȎȔȓțțȭȚ ǯȜȞȖȟȎ ȳ DZșȳȏȎ ³ ȝȓȞȦȖȣ ȞȡȟȪȘȖȣ ȟȐȭȠȖȣ

56

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 2

Ɋɩɝʀɬɭɷ ɧɣɨɮɦɣɰ ɦʀɭª ɪɫɩ ɜɣɭɝɮ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɢ ɪɠɲɠɨʀ © ɞɛɧɣ ɜʀɦɺ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ©Ȼ ɥɩɦɣ ɡ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɝ ɮ Ɉɩɝɞɩɫɩɟʀ ɭɩ ɪɫɣɤɳɦɛ ɤɩɧɮ ɝʀɬɭɷ ɴɩ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞɣ ɬɭɩɺɭɷ ɩɜɦɩɡɣɝɳɣ Ʌɣʁɝ Ȳ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɢʀɜɫɛɝɳɣ ɝɩʁɝ ɧɨɩɞɣɰ ɝɛɫɺɞʀɝ ʀ ɬɦɩɝɠɨ ɪɫɣɤɳɩɝ ɟɩ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ʀ ɝɝʀɤɳɩɝ ɮ ɞɩɫɩɟ ɬɝʀɤ Ȼ ɜɮɦɩ ɡ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞʀɝ ɜɠɢ ɲɣɬɦɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɭɩɟʀ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɣɝ ʀɢ ɞɩɫɩɟɛ ɪɫɣ ɞɩɭɮɝɛɝ ɟɩ ɜɩɹ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɮ Ȳ ɪɩɬɭɛɝɣɝ ɝʀɨ ɝɛɫɺɞʀɝ ɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɛ ɨɛ ɪɫɛɝʀɤ ɬɭɩɫɩɨʀ ɥɣɺɨ ɛ ɨɛ ɦʀɝʀɧ ɥɫɣɦʀ ³ ɨɩɝɞɩɫɩɟɱʀɝ ʀ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɞɩɫɩ ɟɩɧ Ȼ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɤɭɣ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɬɭɮɪ ʀ ɢɬɭɮɪɣɦɣɬɺ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɛ ɭʀɧ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɟɠ ɩɭɩ ɾ ɨɣɨʀ ɬɝɺɭɛ Ɍɩɯʀɺ ɧɣɭɫɩɪɩɦʀɺ ɫɮɬɷɥɛ ɜɩ ɭɩɟʀ ɱɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɦɠ ɪɩɢɛ ɞɩɫɩɟɩɧ Ȳ ɬɭɛɦɛɬɺ ɬʀɲɛ ɦɹɭɛ ʀ ɦɠɟɝɠ ɩɟɩɦʀɝ ɪʀɟ ɝɠɲʀɫ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ʀ ɪɩɜʀɞɦɣ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞɣ ɝ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɜɩɥɣ ʀ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɥɮɟɣ ɝɭʀɥɛɭɣ ʀ ɭʀ ɝɭʀɥɛɹɲɣ ɭɩɨɮɦɣ ɝ ɫʀɱʀ Ɍɣɭɩɧɦʀ ɛ ʀɨɳʀ ³ ɝ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɫʀɥɛɰ Ȳ ɭɛɥ ɪɩɞɣɨɮɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɛ ɫɠɳɭɛ ʁɰ ɟɠɬɷ ɫɩɢɜʀɞɦɛɬɷ ʀ ɟɩ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀª

I əɤ ɤɧɹɡɶ əɪɨɫɥɚɜ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɭɜɚɜ ɫɜɨʀ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɚ" Ⱦɟ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɚɫɹ ɛɢɬɜɚ" əɤɢɦ ɛɭɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɛɢɬɜɢ"

ǽȜȱȒȖțȜȘ ȚȳȔ ȞȡȟȪȘȖȚ ȏȜȑȎȠȖȞȓȚ ȳ ȝȓȥȓțȳȕȪȘȖȚ ȐȜȴțȜȚ ȚȳțȳȎȠȬȞȎ ȕ șȳȠȜȝȖȟȡ

Ɉɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɮ ɟɩɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɟɩɥɦɛɬɭɣ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɢɮɬɣɦɷ ɟɦɺ ɢɛɰɣ ɬɭɮ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɪɛɟʀɝ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞʀɝ Ɋɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɹɲɣ ɬɪɫɛɝɮ ɜɛɭɷɥɛ ɝʀɨ ɢɧʀɱɨɹ ɝɛɝ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɣ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ʀ ©ɬɭɛ ɝɣɝ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɪɩ ɋɩɬʀª Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɢɷɥʀ ɩɫɟɣ ɢɧɩɞɦɣ ɪɩɟɩɦɛɭɣ ɱʀ ɮɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɫ ɺɥ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ ɪɫɩɫɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ Ʌɣɾ ɝɛ ɛɦɠ ɜɮɦɣ ɫɩɢɜɣɭʀ ɪʀɟ ɧɮɫɛɧɣ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ɏɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɢɟɩɜɮɭɩʁ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɣ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɨɛɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɝʀɟʀɞɨɛɝ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞʀɝ ɝʀɟ ɥɩɫɟɩɨʀɝ ɋɮɬʀ Ɉɛ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɜɣɭɝɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɩ Ɍɩɯʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɩɜɩɫ ɨɛɢɝɛ ɪɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɞɫɠɱ ɬɦɩɝɛ ©ɬɩɯʀɺª ³ ɧɮɟɫʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɣɬɝɺɲɠ ɨɣɤ ɧɮɟɫɩɬɭʀ Ⱦɩɬɪɩɟɨʀɤ

Ɇɛɝɫɛ ³ ɨɛɢɝɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ʀ ɝɪɦɣɝɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɩɞɩ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɲɩɞɩ ɧɩɨɛɬ ɭɣɫɺ ɮ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɪʀɟɪɩɫɺɟɥɩɝɛɨɩɞɩ ɜɠɢɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩ ɝɣɴʀɤ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨʀɤ ɝɦɛɟʀ ɇɣɭɫɩɪɩɦʀɺ ³ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɩ ɛɟɧʀɨʀɬɭɫɛɭɣɝɨɣɤ ɩɥɫɮɞ ɺɥɣɧ ɢɛɝʀɟɮɾ ɧɣɭɫɩ ɪɩɦɣɭ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) íàïðèê³íö³ Õ – ó ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² ñò.

57

ɂɛ ɥɨɺɢɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɮɥɦɛɟɠɨɩ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɪɣɬɠɧɨɠ ɢɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɛɝɩɝɣɰ ɨɩɫɧ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɴɩ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɦɩ ɨɛɢɝɮ ©Ɉɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳɛ ɪɫɛɝɟɛ ɛɜɩ Ɋɫɛɝɟɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛª Ƚɩɨɛ ɧʀɬɭɣɦɛ ɬɭɛɭɠɤ ʀ ɝɝʀɤɳɦɛ ɟɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɮ ©ɋɮɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɫɛɝɟɣª ³ ɪɠɫɳɩɞɩ ɪɣ ɬɛɨɩɞɩ ɢɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ ɨɩɫɧ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɫɮɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɛ ©Ɋɫɛɝɟɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛª ɢɛɰɣɴɛɦɛ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɹɝɛɦɛ ɳɭɫɛɯɣ ɢɛ ɝɜɣɝ ɬɭɝɛ ʀ ɪɫɣɨɣɡɠɨɨɺ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɩʁ ɞʀɟɨɩɬɭʀ Ɋɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɬɧɠɫɭɨɩʁ ɥɛɫɣ ɝɩɨɛ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɟɜɛɲɛ ɦɛ ɛɦɠ ɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɥɫɩɝɨɩʁ ɪɩɧɬɭɣ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮ ɝɛɝ ɟʀɺɭɣ ɺɥ ʀ ɫɛɨʀɳɠ Ʌɨɺɢɷ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɺɥ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨɣ ɥɣ ɬɪɫɣɺɝ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɹ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɝɦɛ ɟɣ ɉɪɩɫɩɹ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɜɮɦɣ ɜɩɺɫɣ ɛ ɝ ɞɩ ɦɩɝɨɣɰ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɬɛɟɣɝ ȅȖȠȎțțȭ țȎȞȜȒȡ ©ǾȡȟȪȘȜȴ ȝȞȎȐȒȖª ȣȡȒ Ǽ ǸȳȐȦȓțȘȜ

ɬɝɩʁɰ ɬɣɨʀɝ ɂɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɢɮɬɣɦɷ ɟɩɥɦɛɟɛɝ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɟɦɺ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɨɩɝɣɰ ʀ ɫɩɢɜɮɟɩɝɣ ʀɬɨɮɹ ɲɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ɒɣɧɛɦɩ ɥɩɳɭʀɝ ɝʀɨ ɝɣɭɫɛɲɛɝ ɨɛ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɝ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɪɠɫɠ ɭɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛ ɬɮɪɠɫɨɣɥɛ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩ ɪɩɦɹ Ʌɨɺɢɷ ɮɥɫʀɪɣɝ Ʌɣʁɝ ɢɝʀɝɳɣ ©ɧʀɬɭɩ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛª ³ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɮ ɮɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɷ ʀɢ ɫɩɝɛ ɧɣ ʀ ɢɠɧɦɺɨɣɧɣ ɝɛɦɛɧɣ ɢɛɝɝɣɳɥɣ ɧ ʀɢ ɧʀɱɨɣɧɣ ɟɮɜɩɝɣɧɣ ɬɭʀɨɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɝɠɡɛɧɣ ǿȡȒ ȕȎ ȥȎȟȳȐ ©ǾȡȟȪȘȜȴ ȝȞȎȐȒȖª ɺɥɛ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɥɧ ɇɩɞɮɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɱɣɰ ȣȡȒ ǥ ǯȳșȳȏȳț

ɮɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɷ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɰ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɍɠɫɣ ɭɩɫʀɺ ©ɧʀɬɭɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛª ɮ ɬʀɧ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɪɠ ɫɠɝɣɴɮɝɛɦɛ ɪɦɩɴɮ ©ɧʀɬɭɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛª ɂɛ ɢɫɛɢɥɩɧ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɬɭɩɦɣɱʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɝɠɟɠɨɩ ɂɩɦɩɭʀ ɝɩɫɩɭɛ ³ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɤ ɪɛ ɫɛɟɨɣɤ ɝ·ʁɢɟ ɟɩ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɢɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɩ Ɍɩɯʀɤ ɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɩɜɩɫ ɢɛɥɦɛɟɠɨɩ Ⱦɠɩɫɞʀʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɭɛ Ȳɫɣɨɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀ Ʉɧɩɝʀɫɨɩ ɜɦɣɢɷ ǾȜȕȑȞȜȚ ȝȓȥȓțȳȑȳȐ ȒȞȡȔȖțȜȬ ɥɩ ɫ ɲɠɫɨɠɱɷ Ȼɨɭɩɨʀɤ ɨɛ ɬɰɣɦɛɰ Șțȭȕȭ ȍȞȜȟșȎȐȎ ǺȡȒȞȜȑȜ ȿɨʀɪ ɫɛ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɝ ɲɩɦɩɝʀ ȚȳțȳȎȠȞȬȞȎ ȕ șȳȠȜȝȖȟȡ

ɲɣɤ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫ ³ Ʌɣɾɝɩ Ɋɠɲɠɫɬɷɥɮ ɦɛɝɫɮ Ȳɢ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɱɠɤ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɫɩɝʀɟɨɣɤ ɩɬɠɫɠɟɩɥ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ I Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɢ ɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɩɪɨ ©Ɋɭɫɶɤɭ ɩɪɚɜɞɭª ʀ ɝɢʀɫɠɱɷ ɟɦɺ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɣ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɨ ɨʀ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀɝ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ

58

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 2

ǸȖȴȐ ȥȎȟȳȐ ȍȞȜȟșȎȐȎ ǺȡȒȞȜȑȜ ȞȓȘȜțȟȠȞȡȘȤȳȭ

ɂ ʀɧ·ɺɧ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɣɤ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɨɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɥɨɣɡ ɨɩɬɭʀ Ɇʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ ɪɣɳɠ ɴɩ ɬɛɧ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɲɣɭɛɝ ɥɨɣɡɥɣ ɝɟɠɨɷ ɭɛ ɝɨɩɲʀ ɩɫɞɛɨʀ ɢɩɝɮɝɛɝ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɟ ɭɝɩɫʀɝ ʀɢ ©ɞɫɠɲɣɢɨɣ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹª ɂɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɨɣɤ ɢɝʀɟ ² ɫɫ Ʌɨɺɢɷ ɝɦɛɬɨɩɫɮɲɨɩ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɝ ɜɛ ɞɛɭɩ ɥɨɣɡɩɥ ʀ ɢʀɜɫɛɝ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɜʀɜɦʀɩɭɠɥɮ ɺɥɛ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɦɛɬɺ ɪɫɣ Ɍɩɯʀɤɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɬɩɜɩɫʀ ɔɩɪɫɛɝɟɛ ɟɩɦɺ ɱʀɾʁ ɜʀɜɦʀɩɭɠɥɣ ɢɛɦɣɳɛ ɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɠɝʀɟɩɧɩɹ Ʌɨɺɢɷ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɝɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣ ɭɣ ɱɠɫɥɝɮ ɨɛ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɹ ɩɪɩɫɮ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɰɫɠɴɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɛɨɩ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɮ ɧɣɭɫɩɪɩɦʀɹ ɺɥɛ ɪʀɟɪɩɫɺɟɥɩɝɮ ɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɥɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪɛɭɫʀɛɫ ɰɩɝʀ ɇɣɭɫɩɪɩɦɣɭɩɧ ɬɭɛɝɛɝ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪ ɺɥɩ ɞɩ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɛɦɣ ɢ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ Ɏ ɫ ɢɛ ɨɛɪɩɦɺɞɛɨɨɺɧ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɬɩɜɩɫ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪʀɝ ɮɪɠɫ ɳɠ ɩɜɫɛɝ ɜɠɢ ɪɩɞɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɢ ɥɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɧ ɪɛɭɫʀɛɫɰɩɧ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɫɮɬɷɥɣɧ ɧɣɭɫɩɪɩɦɣɭɩɧ ɫɮɬɣɲɛ Ȳɦɛɫʀɩɨɛ Ɉɛ ɡɛɦɷ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɛ ɟɩɦɺ ɨɠɝʀɟɩɧɛ ɛ ɝ ɫ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɮ ɧɣɭɫɩɪɩɦʀɹ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɩɲɩɦɣɝ ɞɫɠɥ ɪɫɣɬɦɛɨɣɤ ɢ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ

I əɤɢɦɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɡɞɨɛɭɬɤɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨʀ ɩɨɥɿ ɬɢɤɢ əɪɨɫɥɚɜɚ Ɇɭɞɪɨɝɨ"

ǿȜȢȳȗȟȪȘȖȗ ȟȜȏȜȞ ȡ ǸȖȱȐȳ ȞȓȘȜțȟȠȞȡȘȤȳȭ ȳ ȟȡȥȎȟțȖȗ ȐȖȑșȭȒ

ɂ ɩɝɨʀɳɨɺ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɛ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɂɨɛɲɨɮ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɪɫɣɟʀɦɺɝ ɢɩɝ ɨʀɳɨʀɤ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɱʀ Ɍɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɧʀɡɮ ɬɩɜɣɱɺɧɣ ɝ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɝʀɨ ɮ ² ɫɫ

Ȱɪɣɬɥɩɪ ³ ɝɣɴɣɤ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɛɨ ɮ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥʀɤ ɱɠɫɥɝʀ ɇɣɭɫɩɪɩɦɣɭ ³ ɝɣɴɠ ɢɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɣɰ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪʀɝ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) íàïðèê³íö³ Õ – ó ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² ñò.

59

ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɝʀɟɝɩɹɝɛɝ ɮ ɪɩɦɺɥʀɝ ɒɠɫɝɠɨɬɷɥʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɫɩɢɳɣɫɣɝ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɟɩ ɏʀɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ ʀ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɝ ɨɛ ɢɛɝɩɤɩ ɝɛɨɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɧʀɬɭɩ əɫ·ʁɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɢɝɛ ɪɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀɧɠɨʀ ɥɨɺɢɺ

ɂɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɪɫɩɝʀɟɨɣɧ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɩɧ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨɷɩʁ ɪɩ ɦʀɭɣɥɣ ɋɮɬʀ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɝɬɺ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɣɤ Ɋɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɝɬɷɩɞɩ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨɣ ɢ Ƚʀɢɛɨ ɭʀɾɹ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɫɮɡɨʀɧɣ ɋɮɬɷɥʀ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɣ ɝɩɹ ɝɛɦɣ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱɺɧɣ ɢɛ ɭɣɬɺɲʀ ɥʀɦɩɧɠɭɫʀɝ ɝʀɟ ȼɛɭɷɥʀɝɴɣɨɣ ɂɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɮ ² ɫɫ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɟɩ ɪɩɧɩɢʀ ɫɮɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɢɧɩɞɦɣ ɝɭɫɣɧɛɭɣ ɩɬɭɫʀɝ Ɍɣɱɣɦʀɺ ɺɥɣɤ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɭɣ ɛɫɛɜɣ ǮțțȎ ȍȞȜȟșȎȐțȎ Ȼɦɠ ɫ ɬɪɛɦɛɰɨɮɦɛ ɫɮɬɷɥɩ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɝʀɤɨɛ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɠɨɛ ɪɩɞʀɫɳɠɨɨɺɧ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤ ɱʀɝ ʀɢ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɥɮɪɱɺɧɣ ʀ ɨɠɟɫɮɡɨʀɧ ɪɩɝɩɟɡɠɨɨɺɧ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɢ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɩɧ ɐɩɲɛ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɫɮɬɣɲʀɝ ɨɛ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨ ɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɣɝɬɺ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɩɹ ɪɩ ɟɠɺɥʀɧ ɲɛɬʀ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɢɧɮɳɠɨʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɳɮɥɛɭɣ ɪɫɣ ɧɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɢ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɣ ɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɢ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞɛɧɣ Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɝ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɤ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɱʀ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɪɩɬʀɦɛ ©ɳɦɹɜɨɛª ɟɣɪɦɩɧɛɭʀɺ Ʉɩɞɩ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ©ɭɠɬɭɠɧ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣª ɂɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɝʀɨ ɝʀɟɟɛɝ ɢɛ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ʌɛɢɣɧɣɫɛ ɬɝɩɹ ɬɠɬɭɫɮ ɇɛɫʀɹ ȿɩɜɫɩɞɨɠ ǵȜșȜȠȳ ȐȜȞȜȠȎ ǸȖȱȐȎ ȞȓȘȜțȟȠȞȡȘȤȳȭ

ɝɮ ɛ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɬɣɨɛ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝɛ ɩɟɫɮɡɣɝ ʀɢ ɬɠ ɬɭɫɩɹ Ʌɛɢɣɧɣɫɛ ɑɠɤ ɬɩɹɢ ɢɛɥɫʀɪɣɝ ɢɛ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɒɠɫɝɠɨɬɷɥʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɬɭɛɫɳɣɤ ɬɣɨ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɜɮɝ ɩɟɫɮɡɠɨɣɤ ʀɢ Ⱦʀɭɩɹ ɟɩɨɷɥɩɹ ɛɨɞɦʀɤ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ⱦɛɫɩɦɷɟɛ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɡɠɨɩɞɩ Ƚʀɦɷɞɠɦɷɧɩɧ ɂɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɋɮɬɷɥɩ ɝʀ ɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɮ ɮɞɩɟɮ ɫ ɜɮɦɩ ɨɠɢɛɜɛɫɩɧ ɬɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɩ ɳɦɹɜɩɧ ɬɣɨɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ Ƚɬɠ ɝɩɦɩɟɛ ɢ ɇɛɫʀɾɹ ɟɩɲɥɩɹ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ǵȜȏȞȎȔȓțțȭ ȍȞȜȟșȎȐȎ ǺȡȒȞȜȑȜ ȠȎ ȗȜȑȜ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɛ ,; ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ ȟȳȚ·ȴ ȢȞȓȟȘȎ ǿȜȢȳȗȟȪȘȜȑȜ ȟȜȏȜȞȡ Ȑ ǸȖȱȐȳ

ɓɦɹɜ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɣɨɛ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɢ ɩɨɮɥɩɹ ɨʀ

60

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 2

©Ɋɩɝʀɬɭɷ ɧɣɨɮɦɣɰ ɦʀɭª ɪɫɩ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɨɛ Ɍɝɺɭɩɪɩɦ ɥɛ ʀ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɤɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɝ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ©Ɏ ɫʀɥ Ɋɫɣɤɳɩɝ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɨɛ Ɍɝɺɭɩɪɩɦɥɛ ʀ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɛɬɮɪɫɩ ɭɣ ɩɜɛɪɩɦɣ ȿɨʀɪɫɛ Ȳ ɨɠ ɩɟɝɛɡɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨʀ ɬʀ ɨɛ ɭɣɰ ɫɮɳɣɭɣ ɨʀ ɭʀ ɨɛ ɬɣɰ ʀ ɬɭɩɺɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɭɫɣ ɧʀɬɺɱʀ ɩɟɨʀ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɩɟɨɣɰ Ȳ ɬɭɛɝ ɝɩɾɝɩɟɛ Ɍɝɺɭɩɪɩɦɥʀɝ Ƚɩɝɲɣɤ ɐɝʀɬɭ ɞɦɮɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɢ ɨɩɝɞɩɫɩɟɱʀɝ ʁɢ ɟɺɲɣ ɥɩɦɩ ɜɠɫɠɞɛ ʀ ɞɩɝɩɫɺɲɣ ©ɒɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɤɳɦɣ ɝɣ ʀɢ ɳɥɛɨɟɣɜɩɹ ɩɱʀɧ" ɚɫɩɬ ɦɛɝ ɜɮɝ ɥɮɦɷɞɛɝɣɧ ³ Ȼɝɭ Ȼ ɝɣ ɭɠɬɦɺɫʀ ɾ ɉɬɷ ɧɣ ɢɛɬɭɛɝɣɧɩ ɝɛɬ ɰɩɫɩɧɣ ɢɝɩɟɣɭɣ ɨɛɳʀ ª ɑɠ ɪɩɲɮɝɳɣ ɨɩɝɞɩɫɩɟɱʀ ɬɥɛɢɛɦɣ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɮ ©ɂɛɝɭɫɛ ɪɠɫɠ ɪɫɛɝɣɧɩɬɷ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ ɚɥɴɩ ɰɭɩɬɷ ɨɠ ɪʀɟɠ ɢ ɨɛɧɣ ɭɩ ɧɣ ɬɛɧʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɫɮɜɛɾɧª Ȼ ɜɮɦɩ ɮɡɠ ɝ ɢɛɧɩɫɩɢɷ ʀ ɬɭɩɺɝ Ɍɝɺɭɩɪɩɦɥ ɧɠɡɣ ɟɝɩɧɛ ɩɢɠɫɛɧɣ ʀ ɝɬɹ ɨʀɲ ɭɮ ɬɪɛɝ ɮɪɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɢ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɩɹ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɡɠ ɨɛɢɛɝɭɫɛ ɪɫɣɞɩɭɮɝɛɝɳɣ ɟɩ ɜɩɹ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɮ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɬɝʀɭɦɩɧ ɪɠɫɠɪɫɛɝɣɝɬɺ ʀ ɝɣɬʀɝɳɣ ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠɞ ɩɟ ɪɣɰɨɮɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɲɩɝɨɣ ɩɟ ɜɠɫɠɞɛ Ȳ ɪʀɳɦɣ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɩɟɨʀ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɩɟɨɣɰ ɛ ɥɩɦɣ ɢʀɤɳɦɣɬɺ ɟɩɥɮɪɣ ɭɩ ɜɮɦɛ ɬʀɲɛ ɦɹɭɛ ʀ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ʀɢ ɢɛ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɪɠɲɠɨʀ ɞɛɧ ɪɩɧɛɞɛɭɣ Ɍɝɺɭɩɪɩɦɥɩɝʀ Ȳ ɪɫɣɭɣɬɨɮɦɣ Ɍɝɺɭɩɪɩɦɥɩɝɣɰ ɝɩʁɝ ɟɩ ɩɢɠɫɛ ʀ ɬɭɮɪɣɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɛ ɦʀɟ ʀ ɩɟɦɩɧɣɝɬɺ ɦʀɟ ʀɢ ɝɩɺɧɣ Ɍɝɺɭɩɪɩɦɥɩɝɣɧɣ ʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɭɩɪɣɦɩɬɺ ɮ ɝɩɟɛɰ ʀ ɩɟɩɦʀɝɛɭɣ ɪɩɲɛɝ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ Ɋɩɜɛɲɣɝɳɣ ɡ ɱɠ Ɍɝɺɭɩ ɪɩɦɥ ɪɩɜʀɞ Ȳ ɩɟɩɦʀɝ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ Ȼ Ɍɝɺɭɩɪɩɦɥ ɮɭʀɥ ɮ Ɇɺɰɣ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɡɠ ɬʀɝ ɮ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɨɛ ɬɭɩɦʀ ɩɭɲʀɧ ȼɮɦɩ ɡ ɭɩɟʀ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɮ ɦʀɭ ɭɫɣɟ ɱɺɭɷ ʀ ɝʀɬʀɧª

I əɤ ɡɚ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɥɿɬɨɩɢɫɰɹ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɛɢɬɜɚ əɪɨɫɥɚɜɚ ɡɿ ɋɜɹɬɨɩɨɥ

ɤɨɦ" ɍ ɹɤɭ ɩɨɪɭ ɪɨɤɭ ɿɦɨɜɿɪɧɨ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɚɫɹ ɛɢɬɜɚ" əɤɢɦ ɧɚ ɜɚɲɭ ɞɭɦɤɭ ɽ ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɥɿɬɨɩɢɫɰɹ ɞɨ ɨɩɢɫɭɜɚɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɿɣ" ɑɨɦɭ ɜɢ ɬɚɤ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɟ" əɪɨɫ ɥɚɜ Ɇɭɞɪɢɣ ɩɨɦɟɪ ɭ ɜɿɰɿ ɪɨɤɿɜ Ɂɚ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɦ ɭɪɢɜɤɨɦ ɿɡ ɥɿɬɨɩɢɫɭ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɞɚɬɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɫɦɟɪɬɿ ɤɧɹɡɹ

ǿȘȡșȪȝȠȡȞțȖȗ ȝȜȞȠȞȓȠ ȍȞȜȟșȎȐȎ ǺȡȒȞȜȑȜ ȞȓȘȜțȟȠȞȡȘ Ȥȳȭ Ǻ DZȓȞȎȟȖȚȜȐȎ

ɧɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰɛ ,, ɬɪɫɣɺɝ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɹ ɝʀɟ ɨɩɬɣɨ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɢʀ Ɍɝɺɴɠɨɨɩɹ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩɹ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɾɹ ɂɛ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɝɣɤɳɦɣ ɢɛɧʀɡ ɭɫɣ ɟɩɨɷɥɣ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ȼɨɨɛ ³ ɢɛ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰɛ , Ȼɨɛɬ ɭɛɬʀɺ ³ ɢɛ ɮɞɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ȼɨɟɫʀɺ , Ȱɦɣɢɛɝɠɭɛ ³ ɢɛ ɨɩɫɝɠɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ⱦɛɫɛɦɷɟɛ ȲȲȲ Ɏɥɦɛɟɛɨɨɺ ɝɣɞʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɩɹɢʀɝ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɳɦɹɜɛɧ ʀɢ ɲɦɠ ɨɛɧɣ ɫɩɟɣɨ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɣ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɹ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭɮ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɭɛ ɜɮɦɣ ɬɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɟɛɦɠɥɩɞɦɺɟ ɨɩɬɭʀ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ

I

əɤɿ ɛɭɥɢ ɡɞɨɛɭɬɤɢ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨʀ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɢ əɪɨɫɥɚɜɚ Ɇɭɞɪɨɝɨ"

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) íàïðèê³íö³ Õ – ó ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² ñò.

I

61

ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɣɬɟ ɤɚɪɬɭ ɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɡ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɚɦɢ əɪɨɫɥɚɜ Ɇɭɞɪɢɣ ɧɚɥɚɝɨɞɢɜ ɞɢ ɧɚɫɬɢɱɧɿ ɡɜ¶ɹɡɤɢ

62

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 2

ȼɂɋɇɈȼɄɂ Ʌɨɺɢɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɇɮɟɫɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɩɧ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɪʀɟɨɠɬɠɨ ɨɺ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ɏ ɱɠɤ ɲɛɬ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɣɦɩɬɺ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ʁʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɬɭʀ ɬɭɛɜʀɦʀɢɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɟɩɬɥɩɨɛɦɠɨɩ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɮ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɮɪɩɫɺɟ ɥɩɝɛɨɩ ɪɫɛɝɩɝʀ ɨɩɫɧɣ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ɩɬɝʀɭɛ ʀ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɬɺɞɨɮɦɛ ɢɠɨʀɭɮ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭɮ ɬɭɛɝɳɣ ɝ ɩɟɣɨ ɫɺɟ ʀɢ ɪɫɩɝʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɧɣ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩɹ ɭɛ Ɍɝɺɴɠɨ ɨɩɹ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩɹ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺɧɣ ɁȺɄɊȱɉɂɆɈ ɁɇȺɇɇə ȍȘȳ ȕȎȣȜȒȖ ȐțȡȠȞȳȦțȪȜȴ ȝȜșȳȠȖȘȖ ȟȝȞȖȭșȖ ȕȚȳȤțȓțțȬ ȤȓțȠȞȎșȪțȜȴ ȐșȎȒȖ" ȇȜ ȠȎȘȓ ©ǾȡȟȪȘȎ ȝȞȎȐȒȎª" ȍȘȖȚ ȏȡȐ ȐțȓȟȜȘ Șțȭȕȭ ȍȞȜȟșȎȐȎ Ȑ ȘȡșȪȠȡȞțȜ ȜȟȐȳȠțȱ ȳ ȤȓȞȘȜȐțȓ ȔȖȠȠȭ Ǿȡȟȳ ȁȘȞȎȴțȖ" ȅȜȚȡ ȍȞȜȟșȎȐȎ ǺȡȒȞȜȑȜ țȎȕȖȐȎșȖ ©ȠȓȟȠȓȚ ǣȐȞȜȝȖª" ȍȘȖȚȖ ȏȡșȖ ȜȟȜȏșȖȐȜȟȠȳ ȕȜȐțȳȦțȪȜȴ ȝȜșȳȠȖȘȖ Șțȭȕȭ ȍȞȜȟșȎȐȎ"

§ 8. ÑÓÑϲËÜÍÈÉ, ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×ÍÈÉ ÓÑÒÐ²É ÒÀ ÃÎÑÏÎÄÀÐÑÜÊÅ ÆÈÒÒß ÊȯÂÑÜÊί ÄÅÐÆÀÂÈ ÍÀÏÐÈʲÍÖ² X – Ó ÏÅÐØ²É ÏÎËÎÂÈͲ XI ÑÒ. Ɋɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɮɬɭɫʀɤ Ƚɣɴʀ ɩɫɞɛɨɣ ɝɦɛɟɣ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ; ² ɮ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ;, ɬɭ ɯɩɫɧɩɹ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ɝʀɲɠ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɡɛɝɣ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦʀɢɩɝɛɨɛ ɧɩɨɛɫɰʀɺ ɇʀɬɱɠɝʀ ɩɫɞɛɨɣ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɇɩɨɛɫɰʀɺ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɝ ɱɠɤ ɲɛɬ ɧɛɤ ɡɠ ɝɣɥɦɹɲɨɩ ɮ ɯɩɫɧʀ ɩɟɨɩɩɬʀɜɨɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɝɠɊɩɬɛɟɨɣɥɣ Ƚɩɦɩɬɭɠɦʀ ɋɛɟɛ ɪɫɣ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɮ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ

ɮ ɬɠɦɛɰ

ɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ɇɣɳɠ ɟɠɺɥɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɧʀɡɮɬɩɜɨɩʁ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɧʀɡ ɬɣɨɛɧɣ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɩ ɪɫɛɝɣɝ ɟɠɫɡɛ ɝɩɹ ɢʀ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɜɫɛɭɩɧ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɩɧ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɨɛ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɮɡɠ ɬɭɛɝ ɪɩɝɨɩɪɫɛɝɨɣɧ ɪɫɛ ɝɣɭɠɦɠɧ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ƚʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɧ ɨɩɬʀɾɧ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɪɫɠɟ ɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɋɮɬʀ ɨɛ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨʀɤ ɛɫɠɨʀ ɂɩɝɨʀɳɨʀ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨɣ ɢ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɣɨɺɭɥɩ ɝɣɧ ɪɫɛɝɩɧ Ʌɨɺɢɷ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɡɮɝɛɝ ɮ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɫɮɥɛɰ ɢɛɥɩ ɨɩɟɛɝɲɩ ɬɮɟɩɝɮ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɝɲɮ ʀ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɮ ɝɦɛɟɮ Ɉɣɧ ɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɛɝɩɝʀ ɨɩɫɧɣ ɴɩ ɫɠɞɮɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ Ƚɣ ɝɡɠ ɢɨɛɾɭɠ ɪɫɩ ǸțȭȕȪ ȳ ȘțȭȑȖțȭ ©Ɏɬɭɛɝ ɢɠɧɦɺɨɣɤª ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ʀ ©Ɉɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳɮ ɪɫɛɝɟɮ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛª Ƚʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɧ ɝɩɾɨɛɲɛɦɷɨɣɥɩɧ ɜɠɢɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩ ɝɣɫʀɳɮɝɛɝ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɣ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɜɫɛɝ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɮ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɮ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɣɰ ɥɛɧɪɛɨʀɺɰ Ʌɨɺɢɷ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɮɝɛɝ ɨɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɮ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɮɬʀɰ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɝ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ʀ ɝɝɛɡɛɝɬɺ ɬɣɧɝɩɦɩɧ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩʁ ɬɭɛɜʀɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ Ƚɦɛɟɛ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɠɩɜɧɠɡɠɨɩɹ ɢɛɦɠ ɡɛɦɛ ɝʀɟ ɤɩɞɩ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭɮ ɤ ɫɠɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɬɣɦɣ ɨɛ ɺɥɮ ɝʀɨ ɬɪɣɫɛɝɬɺ Ƚʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɮ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɮ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɮɝɛɦɛ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɛ ɴɩ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɛ ɮ ɝɛɬɛɦɷɨʀɤ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɩɬɭʀ ɝʀɟ ɨɷɩɞɩ Ƚɩɨɛ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɭɛɫɳɣɰ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɴɩ ɩɟɠɫɡɮɝɛɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɢɛ ɬɝɩɹ ɬɦɮɡɜɮ ɢɠɧɦʀ ʀ ɧɩɦɩɟɳɣɰ ɺɥʀ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɦɛɭɨɹ ǾȡȟȪȘȳ ȐȜȴțȖ ɛɜɩ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɢɟɩɜɣɲʀ

64

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 2

Ɋɫɣ ɥɨɺɢʀ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɛ ɫɛɟɛ ɟɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɮ ɺɥɩʁ ɝɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɜɩɺɫɣ ɬɭɛɫɳʀ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɨɣɥɣ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɣ ɧʀɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɤ ɝɣɴɩɞɩ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɛ Ʌɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɛ ɫɛɟɛ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɪɩɫɛɟɛɧɣ ʀ ɫɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɛɱʀɺɧɣ ɧɛɦɛ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɝɪɦɣɝɛ ɭɣ ɨɛ ɫʀɳɠɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ȳɢ ɫɛɟɩɹ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɩɜɞɩɝɩɫɹɝɛɝ ɨɛɤɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳʀ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɟɠɫ ɡɛɝɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɩɞɩɦɩɳɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɮɥɦɛɟɛɨɨɺ ɧɣɫɨɣɰ ɮɞɩɟ ɟɣɨɛɬɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɳɦɹ ɜʀɝ ɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɪɫɛɝɩɝɣɰ ɨɩɫɧ ɝɣɫʀɳɠɨɨɺ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɰ ɬɮɟɩɝɣɰ ɬɪɫɛɝ ɭɩɴɩ Ɋɠɝɨɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɝ ɬɣɬɭɠɧʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɪɩɬʀɟɛɦɩ ɝʀɲɠ ɑɠɤ ɩɫɞɛɨ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɝɛɝ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɮ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɹ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɣɰ ɢɜɩɫʀɝ Ƚɩ ɦɠɝɣɺɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɲɛ ɧɛɦɩ ɨɛ ɧɠɭʀ ɟɩɝɠɬɭɣ ɟɮɧɥɮ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɧɛɬ ɟɩ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ

ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦʀɢɩɝɛɨɛ ɧɩɨɛɫɰʀɺ ³ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɢɛ ɺɥɩʁ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɮ ɟɠɫ ɡɛɝɨɮ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɡɠɨɩ ɝ ɫɮɥɛɰ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɩɬɩɜɣ ³ ɧɩɨɛɫɰɛ ɴɩ ɮɪɫɛɝɦɺɾ ɥɫɛ ʁɨɩɹ ɢ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɱɠɨɭɫɮ Ʌɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɛ ɫɛɟɛ ³ ɟɩɫɛɟɲɣɤ ɩɫɞɛɨ ɪɫɣ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɧɮ ɥɨɺɢʀ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɣɰ ɫɛɟ ɬɭɛɫʀɤɳɣɨ

I Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɦɚɥɸɧɨɤ ɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɟ ɜɿɱɟ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) íàïðèê³íö³ Õ – ó ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² ñò.

65

Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɛɜɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɧʀɬɨɣɥʀɝ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɫɩɦɷ ɝʀɲɛ ɢɛ ɟɩɜɣ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɱɠɨ ɭɫɛɦʀɢɩɝɛɨɩʁ ɧɩɨɛɫɰʀʁ ɜɮɦɛ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɨɠɢɨɛɲɨɩɹ

I Ʉɨɦɭ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɥɚ ɜɢɳɚ ɜɥɚɞɚ ɧɚ Ɋɭɫɿ" əɤɚ ɪɨɥɶ ɜɿɱɟ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɜɥɚɞɢ Ɋɭɫɿ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ" Ƚʀɲɠ ³ ɨɛɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɜɩɫɣ ɝɬɷɩɞɩ ɟɩɫɩɬɦɩɞɩ ɝʀɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɪɫɣɤɧɛ ɦɩ ɫʀɳɠɨɨɺ ɢ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɰ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɬɷɥɣɰ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɣɰ ɬɪɫɛɝ

Ɍɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨ ɉɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɝɠɫɬɭɝɣ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ɏ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɭɛ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɺɥ ɝɣ ɝɡɠ ɢɨɛɾɭɠ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɩɧ ɬɭɛɨɩɝ ɦɠɨɨɺ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨ ɂɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɮ ɬɰʀɟ ɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ Ʉɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɭɫɣɝɛ ɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ʀ ɪɫɩɤɳɦɩ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɠɭɛɪʀɝ ɏɠɩɟɛɦʀɢɧ ɮ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɩɬɨɩ ɝʀ ɫɩɢɥɦɛɟɮ ɫɩɟɩɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɣɰ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨ Ɍɪɠɫɳɮ ɝʀɦɷɨʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɩɜɴɣɨɨɣɥɣ ɝʀɟɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɪɠɝɨɮ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɝɣɫɩɜ ɦɠɨɣɰ ɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɩɟɮɥɭʀɝ ɺɥ ɨɛɭɮɫɛɦɷɨɮ ɪɩɝɣɨɨʀɬɭɷ ǺȓȦȘȎțȓȤȪ ȚȳȟȠȎ ȳ ȏȜȭȞȖț ɬɝɩʁɤ ɫɩɟɩɪɦɠɧʀɨɨʀɤ ɢɨɛɭʀ Ɏ ,; ɬɭ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɢɜɣɫɛɨɨɺ ɟɛɨɣɨɣ ɢ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɝʀɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɰʀɟ ɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɦɩ ɟɩ ɥɣʁɝ ɏɩɫɧɣ ɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɩʁ ɝɦɛɬɨɩɬɭʀ ɝ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɣ ɚɥ ɝɣ ɝɡɠ ɢɨɛɾ ɭɠ ɢɜɣɫɛɨɨɺ ɟɛɨɣɨɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɪɩɦɹɟɟɺɧ ȼɩɺɫɬɷɥɛ Ɍɠɦɺɨɬɷɥɛ Ɉɛ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɩɧɮ ɠɭɛɪʀ ɮ ; ɬɭ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɛ

ɫʀɦɦɺ ɝɩɭɲɣɨɛ ɢʀ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɣ ʀ ɪɫɣɝɦɛɬɨɣɦɣ ɩɜɴɣɨɨʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ɇɹɟɣ ɂɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɧ ɝɣɢɨɛɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɩɞɨɣɴɛɨɣɨ ɬɧɠɫɟɣ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɨɛ ɝɠɫɰɩɝɨɠ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɝɬʀɾɹ ɢɠɧɦɠɹ ɭʀɮɨ ɢɛɥɮɪɣ Ɋɛɨɴɣɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ; ɬɭ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɩ ɩɜ·ʁɢɨɣɤ ɫɺɟɩɝɣɲʀ ɭɛ ɩɜɫɩɥ ɬɺ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɟɩɧɠɨʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɲɠɦɺɟɷ ɰɩɦɩɪɣ ɮɟʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ʀɢɞɩʁ

ȿɩɧɠɨ ³ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɠ ɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɠ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɛ Ɏɟʀɦ ³ ɮ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɭɛɥ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɛɟɧʀɨʀɬɭɫɛɭɣɝɨɩ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɮ ɩɟɣɨɣɱɹ ɺɥɩɹ ɮɪɫɛɝɦɺɝ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɣɤ ɝʀɟ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ

66

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 2

ǰȜȠȥȖțȎ

I Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɦɚɥɸɧɨɤ ɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɑɷɩɧɮ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɛ ɛɟɧʀɨʀɬɭɫɛɭɣɝɨɛ ɫɠɯɩɫɧɛ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɮ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɺɥɩʁ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɢɜɛɝɣɝ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɮɪɫɛɝɦɺɭɣ ɢɠɧɦɺɧɣ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ʀ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɝ ʁɰ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɬɣɨɛɧ Ɍɪɠɫɳɮ ɱʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɜɮɦɣ ɮɧɩɝɨɣɧɣ ʀ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɮ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɧʀɞ ʁɰ ɝʀɟʀɜɫɛɭɣ Ɋɩɟɛɦɷɳɣɧ ɥɫɩɥɩɧ ɮ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨʀ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɪɩɺɝɛ ɝ ;, ɬɭ ɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɩʁ ɝɦɛɬɨɩɬɭʀ ɝɠɫɰʀɝɥɣ ɬɦɮɡɣɦɩʁ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɜɩɺɫ ɭɛ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɩʁ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ Ɏ ;²;, ɬɭ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɝɛɬɛɦɷɨʀ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨɣ ɢɛ ɝʀɫɨɮ ɬɦɮɡɜɮ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɨɛɟɛɝɛɝ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɜɩɺɫɛɧ ʀ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɨɣɥɛɧ ɪɫɛɝɩ ©ɥɩɫɧɦʀɨɨɺª ³ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɭɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɣ ɴɩ ʁɰ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɦɩ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɠɝɨɩʁ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ȿɠɴɩ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ʀɧɩɝʀɫɨɩ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ;, ɬɭ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɜɩɺɫɬɷɥʀ ɝɩɭɲɣɨɣ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɥɣ ɺɥɣɰ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɝɛɭɣ ʁɰ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɨɛɴɛɟɥɛɧ ɮ ɬɪɛɟɩɥ ȿɡɠɫɠɦɩɧ ʁɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɝɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɜɮɭɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɬɭɺɞɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɣ ɟɦɺ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɨɩʁ ɝɠɫ ɰʀɝɥɣ ɛɜɩ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɫɩɟɩɝɩʁ ɩɜɴɣɨɣ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɟɩɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɩʁ ɢɨɛɭʀ

Ƚɩɭɲɣɨɛ ³ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɛ ɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɛ ɝɦɛɬɨʀɬɭɷ ɺɥɮ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɝʀɦɷɨɩ ɪɠɫɠ ɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɮ ɬɪɛɟɩɥ ɪɫɩɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɟɛɫɮɝɛɭɣ ɭɩɴɩ Ɋɩɧʀɬɭɺ ³ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɛ ɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɛ ɝɦɛɬɨʀɬɭɷ ɴɩ ɨɛɟɛɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɢɛ ɬɦɮɡɜɮ ɮ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɮ ɲɣ ɪɫɣ ɟɝɩɫʀ ɺɥɮ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɟɛɭɣ ɪɫɩɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɭɩɴɩ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) íàïðèê³íö³ Õ – ó ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² ñò. ɈɃɁɒȲ ɌɍȻɈɃ

ɌɉɑȲȻɆɗɈȻ ɌɍɋɎɅɍɎɋȻ Ȳ ɉɌɈɉȽɈȲ ɅȻɍɀȾɉɋȲȳ ɈȻɌɀɆɀɈɈɚ Ƚɣɴɣɤ ɬɭɛɨ Ɍɦɮɡɣɭɠɦʀ ɥɮɦɷɭɮ Ƚɩɦɰɝɣ ɡɠɫɱʀ ɺɢɣɲɨɣɥʀɝ ɟɩ ɪɫɣ ɤɨɺɭɭɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ ɬɭɝɛ

Ɋɫɛɝɩ ɬɦɛɝɨɠ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨ ɬɭɝɩ

Ʌɨɺɢʀ Ƚɩɡɟʀ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɢɞɩ ɟɩɧ ³ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɣɰ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɷ ȼɩɺɫɣ

ȿɫɮɡɣɨ ɨɣɥɣ

Ɉɛɴɛɟɥɣ Ƚɩʁɨɣ ɥɨɺɡɣɰ ɢɛɞɩ ɫɩɟɩɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɩʁ ɨʀɝ ɴɩ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɝɩɾɝɩɟɣ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɬɷɥʀ ɨɛɧʀɬɨɣɥɣ ɯɮɨɥɱʀʁ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɠɤ

67

Ɇɹɟɣ Ƚʀɦɷɨʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɬɷɥʀ ɩɜɴɣɨɨɣɥɣ Ɍɧɠɫɟɣ ɂɛɦɠɡɨʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɴɩ ɬɪɫɛɝɦɺɦɣ ɪɩ ɝɣɨɨʀɬɭɷ ɴɩɟɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ

ɐɩɦɩɪɣ

ɇʀɬɷɥʀ ɦɹɟɣ

ɂɛɦɠɡɨɛ ɬɩɱʀɛɦɷɨɛ ɞɫɮɪɛ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɛ ɟɩ ɫɛɜʀɝ

ȼɩɫɞɩɝʀ ɰɩɦɩɪɣ

ɒɠɦɺɟɷ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɩ ɪɩɦɩɨɠɨʀ

ɂɛɥɮɪɣ Ɍɧɠɫɟɣ ɴɩ ɝɢɺɦɣ ɝ ʀɨɳɩɞɩ ɢɠɧɦɠɝɦɛɬɨɣɥɛ ɪɩɢɣɥɮ ɰɮɟɩɜɩɹ ɢɨɛɫɺɟɟɺɧɣ ɪɫɛɱʀ ɭɛ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɩ ɜɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɭɣ ɱɠɤ ɜɩɫɞ

ɇʀɴɛɨɣ

Ʌɮɪɱʀ ɞɩɬɭʀ

ɋɠɧʀɬ ɨɣɥɣ

ɋɺɟɩɝɣɲʀ Ɍɧɠɫɟɣ ɴɩ ɮɥɦɛɦɣ ʀɢ ɢɠɧɦɠ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɥɩɧ ɟɩɞɩɝʀɫ ɪɫɩ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ ɨɛ ɨɷɩɞɩ

Ɍɩɱʀɛɦɷɨɛ ɝɠɫɬɭɝɛ ³ ɝɠɦɣɥɛ ɞɫɮɪɛ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɠ ɺɥɩʁ ɝ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷ ɬɭɝʀ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɠɝɨɣɧ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɣɧ ɩɜɬɺɞɩɧ ɪɫɛɝ ʀ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥʀɝ Ɍɹɢɠɫɠɨ ³ ɢɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɯɠɩɟɛɦʀɢɧɮ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɯɠɩɟɛɦ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫ ɴɩ ɜɮɝ ɞɩ ɬɪɩɟɛɫɠɧ ɨɛɟ ɝɛɬɛɦɛɧɣ

Ɋɩɧʀɬɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɢɠɧɦɠɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɥɩɦɣ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɨɛɟɛɝɛɝ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɜɩɺɫɛɧ ɛɜɩ ɟɫɮɡɣɨ ɨɣɥɛɧ ɨɠ ɝ ɪɩɝɨɮ ɝɦɛɬɨʀɬɭɷ ɛ ɢɛ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɨɠɬɠɨɨɺ ɬɦɮɡɜɣ ɨɛ ɟɮɧɥɮ ɟɠɺɥɣɰ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣ ɥʀɝ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɛ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɮ ;,, ɬɭ Ƚɩɨɛ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɟɜɛɲɛɦɛ ɟɦɺ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɺ ɪɩɧʀɬɭɺ ɧɩɡɦɣ ɝɩɬɭʀ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɨɨɺ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɮ ɬɪɛɟɩɥ ɪɫɩɟɛɡ ɟɛɫɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɭɩɴɩ ɜɠɢ ɢɞɩɟɣ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ɍɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨ ɝɪɦɣɨɮɦɩ ɨɛ ɬɩɱʀɛɦɷɨɮ ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɮ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɍɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɛ ɬɩɱʀɛɦɷɨɛ ɪʀɫɛɧʀɟɛ ɴɩ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɦɛ ɬɭɛɨɩ ɝɣɴɠ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɝɠɫɬɭɝ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝʀɬɭɹ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɮ ɝʀɟ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɭɛ ɑɠɨ ɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɭɮɭ ɨɠ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɫɩɢɞɛɦɮɡɠɨɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɬɭɩɬɮɨɥʀɝ ɧʀɡ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛɧɣ ʀ ɝɛɬɛɦɛɧɣ ɮ ɝɣ ɞɦɺɟʀ ©ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɟɫɛɜɣɨɣª Ƚɠɫɰɩɝɨɣɧ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɩɧ ɛɜɩ ɬɹɢɠɫɠɨɩɧ ɴɩ ɧɛɝ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɨɛɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɜɮɝ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ Ɏɬʀ ʀɨɳʀ ɮɟʀɦɷɨʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɜɩ ɺɫɣ ʀ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɨɣɥɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɛɬɛɦɛɧɣ ɋɩɢɟɛɝɛɭɣ ǵȎȟȠȳȏȘȎ Ȓșȭ ȝșȎȧȎ ȢȳȏȡșȎ ȳ Țȓȥ ȃ²ȃǥ ȟȠ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɮɟʀɦɷɨʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɭɛ ɜɩɺɫɣ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɣ ȚȡȕȓȗțȎ ȓȘȟȝȜȕȖȤȳȭ

68

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 2

Ɍɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɛɨʀɝɨʀ ɝɣɴʀ ɭɛ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀ ɨɣɡɲʀ ɝɠɫɬɭɝɣ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ȿɩ ɪɛ ɨʀɝɨɩʁ ɝɠɫɬɭɝɣ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɦɣ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɜɩɺɫɣ ʀ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɨɣɥɣ ɟɩ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɩʁ ³ ɧʀɴɛɨɣ ɝʀɦɷɨʀ ɭɛ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɬɧɠɫɟɣ ɢɛɥɮɪɣ ɫɺɟɩɝɣɲʀ ɫɛɜɣ ɰɩɦɩɪɣ ɋɮɬɷɥɠ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɩ ɺɥɠ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɭɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɭɛ ɥɩɡ ɝɰɩɟɣɦɩ ɟɩ ɪɛɨʀɝɨɩʁ ɝɠɫɬɭɝɣ Ƚɩɨɩ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɝɣɴɠ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɩ ɧɣɭɫɩɪɩɦɣɭ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɣ ɭɛ ʀɨ ʀ ɫɺ ɟɩɝɣɰ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɨɩɬɦɮɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɦɣ ɬɧɠɫɟɣ ³ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɩ ɝʀɦɷɨʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɩɜɴɣɨɨɣɥɣ ɴɩ ɧɛɦɣ ɝɦɛɬɨɠ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɢɠɧɠɦɷɨʀ ɨɛɟʀɦɣ ʀ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɟɛɨɣɨɮ ɥɨɺɢɹ ɍɣɧɲɛɬɩɝɩ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɣɧɣ ɬɠɦɺɨɛɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ǿȓșȭțȖț ȳ ȞȓȚȳȟțȖȘ ɢɛɥɮɪɣ ʀ ɫɺɟɩɝɣɲʀ ɂɛɥɮɪɛɧɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɭɣɰ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɺɥʀ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɩɜɬɭɛɝɣɨɣ ɝɭɫɛɭɣɦɣ ɬɝɩɾ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɢɧɮɳɠɨʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɠ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɥɛ ɢɛ ɞɫɩɳɩɝɮ ɪɩɢɣɲɥɮ ©ɥɮɪɮª ɍɣɰ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɺɥʀ ɮɥɦɛɦɣ ʀɢ ɢɠɧɦɠɝɦɛɬɨɣɥɩɧ ɟɩɞɩɝʀɫ ɫɺɟ ɪɫɩ ɨɛɤɧ ʀ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ ɟɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɦɣ ɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɫɺɟɩɝɣɲɛɧɣ ɑʀɦɥɩɝɣɭɩ ɜɠɢɪɫɛɝɨɣ ɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɟɝɩɫɩɝɛ ɲɠɦɺɟɷ ʀ ɰɩɦɩɪɣ ȿɩ ɲɠɦɺɟʀ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɦɣ ɩɬɩɜɣ ɺɥʀ ɝɭɫɛɭɣɦɣ ɬɝɩɾ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɛ ȳɰ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɪɫɩɟɛɭɣ ɪɩɟɛɫɮɝɛɭɣ ɛɜɩ ɪɠɫɠ ɟɛɭɣ ɝ ɬɪɛɟɩɥ ɐɩɦɩɪɛɧɣ ɬɭɛɝɛɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɩɪɩɦɩɨɠɨʀ ȳɰɨɾ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɠ ɨɛɞɛɟɮɝɛɦɩ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɠ ɫɛɜʀɝ ɺɥɣɰ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫ ɧʀɞ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɜɠɢɥɛɫɨɩ ɝɜɣɭɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɬɭɛɨɮ ɧʀɴɛɨ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɮ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɣ ɝʀɦɷɨʀ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥɣ ʀ ɥɮɪɱʀ ɺɥʀ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɣ ʀ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɩɝɣɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɨɛ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɷ ɧʀɬɭ Ƚ ;, ɬɭ ɧʀɬɷɥʀ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥɣ ʀ ɥɮɪɠɱɭɝɩ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɝ ɛɫɭʀɦʀ ɭɛ ɬɪʀɦɥɣ ɢɛ ɯɛɰɩɝɣɧɣ ɩɢ ɨɛɥɛɧɣ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɛ ɬɩɱʀɛɦɷɨɛ ɞɫɮɪɛ ³ ʀɢɞɩʁ ³ ɱɠ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝ ɨɣɥɣ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɬɩɱʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɞɫɮɪ ʀ ɪɫɩɳɛɫɥʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɝɭɫɛɭɣɦɣ ɢɝ·ɺɢɩɥ ɢʀ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɞɫɮɪɩɹ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɝɣɪɛɦɣ ɢ ɬɩɱʀɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɣ

I ɏɬɨ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɜ ɞɨ ɩɚɧɿɜɧɢɯ ɜɟɪɫɬɜ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ Ɋɭɫɿ" I ɏɬɨ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɜ ɞɨ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɢɯ ɜɟɪɫɬɜ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ Ɋɭɫɿ" ɋɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ; ² ɮ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ;, ɬɭ ɪɫɩɝʀɟɨɩɹ ɞɛɦɮɢɢɹ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɩɬɺ ɺɥ ʀ ɫɛɨʀɳɠ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɩ ɞɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɩ ɢɠɧɦɠɫɩɜɬɭɝɩ Ɍɠɦɺɨɣ ɝɣɫɩɴɮɝɛɦɣ ɡɣɭɩ ɪɳɠɨɣɱɹ ɪɫɩɬɩ ɺɲɧʀɨɷ ɩɝɠɬ ɞɩɫɩɰ ȿɦɺ ɩɜɫɩɜʀɭɥɮ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɩ ɝʀɟ ʊɫɮɨɭʀɝ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɦɮɞ ɫɛɦɩ ɛɜɩ ɬɩɰɮ ɂɠɧɦɹ ɩɜɫɩɜɦɺɦɣ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɣ ɭɺɞɦɩɝɩʁ ɬɣɦɣ ³ ɥɩɨɠɤ ɭɛ ɝɩ ɦʀɝ Ɏ ɦʀɬɩɝɣɰ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɰ ɋɮɬʀ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɩɹ ɜɮɦɛ ɪʀɟɬʀɲɨɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɢɠɧɦɠɫɩɜɬɭɝɛ ɛ ɝ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) íàïðèê³íö³ Õ – ó ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² ñò.

ɦʀɬɩɬɭɠɪɩɝɣɰ ³ ɪɛɫɩɝɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɢ ɟɝɩɪʀɦɷ ɨɩɹ ʀ ɭɫɣɪʀɦɷɨɩɹ ɬʀɝɩɢɧʀɨɛɧɣ Ɏ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ;, ɬɭ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɧɦɣɨɣ ɂ ɩɝɩɲʀɝ ɬɛɟɣɦɣ ɥɛɪɮɬɭɮ ɩɞʀɫɥɣ ɫʀɪɮ ɲɛɬɨɣɥ ɱɣɜɮɦɹ Ɏ ɬɛɟɛɰ ɝɣɫɩɴɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɣɳ ɨʀ ɬɦɣɝɣ ɺɜɦɮɥɛ ɭɛ ɞɫɮɳʀ Ɏɬɪʀɳɨɩ ɫɩɢɝɣ ɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɪɫɣɬɛɟɣɜɨɠ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɨɛ Ɋɫɛ ɝɩɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɫɩɢɝɩɟɣɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɫɩɞɛɭɮ ɰɮɟɩɜɮ ɨɛ Ɇʀɝɩɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ³ ɬɝɣɨɠɤ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɪɫɩɧɣɬɦʀɝ ɨɛɤɪɩɳɣɫɠɨʀɳɣɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɧɣɬɦɣɝɬɭɝɩ ɫɣɜɛɦɷɬɭɝɩ ɭɛ ɜɟɡʀɦɷ ɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɜɩɫɭɨɣɱɭɝɩ Ɋɫɩɟɮɥɭɣ ɧɣɬɦɣɝ ɬɭɝɛ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɰɮɭɫɩ ɝɣɝɩɢɣɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɋɮɬɣɲʀ ɢɟɛɝɨɛ ɝɡɣɝɛɦɣ ɝ ʁɡɮ ɧɠɟ ʀ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɺɦɣ ɢ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɨɛɪɩʁ Ȳɢ ɝɩɬɥɮ ɫɩɜɣ ɦɣ ɬɝʀɲɥɣ Ɋɫɩɟɮɥɭɣ ɜɟɡʀɦɷɨɣɱɭɝɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɝɣɝɩɢɣɦɣɬɺ ɟɦɺ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɢɛ ɥɩɫɟɩɨ ɋɠɧɠɬɦɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɦɩɬɷ ɺɥ ɮ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥʀɤ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩɬɭʀ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɝ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ Ɏ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥʀɤ ɋɮɬʀ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɩ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɫɠɧɠɬɠɦ Ɉɛɤ ɜʀɦɷɳɣɰ ɮɬɪʀɰʀɝ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɣ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɣ

ɌȲɆɗɌɗɅɀ ȾɉɌɊɉȿȻɋɌɍȽɉ

69 ɍɉɋȾȲȽɆɚ

Ƚɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɺ

ɂɠɧɦɠɫɩɜɬɭɝɩ

ɂɩɝɨʀɳɨɺ

Ɍɥɩɭɛɫɬɭɝɩ

ÃÎÑÏÎÄÀÐÑÒÂÎ

Ɍɛɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩ Ⱦɩɫɩɟɨɣɱɭɝɩ

ɋɀɇɀɌɆɉ

ɍɠɰɨʀɲɨʀ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ

2 1

3

5

ǿȳșȪȟȪȘȜȑȜȟȝȜȒȎȞȟȪȘȳ ȕțȎȞȭȒȒȭ ȝȞȎȤȳ ² ȟȜȣȎ ² Ȥȳȝ ² ȒȓȞȓȐ·ȭțȖȗ ȝșȡȑ ȳȕ ȕȎșȳȕțȖȚ șȓȚȓȦȓȚ ² ȚȜșȜȠȖșȜ ² ȟȓȞȝ ² ȘȜȟȎ ² ȏȜȞȜțȎ

ɉȼɋɉȼȲɍɉɅ ɂɀɇɆȲ Ɍɪɩɬɩɜɣ ɩɜɫɩɜʀɭɥɮ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ɍɪɩɬʀɜ

ɋɠɞʀɩɨ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ

ɉɫɨɠ ɢɠɧɦɠɫɩɜɬɭɝɩ

Ɇʀɬɩɬɭɠɪ

Ɋʀɟɬʀɲɨɩ ɝɩɞɨɠɝɣɤ

Ɇʀɬɩɝɛ ɢɩɨɛ

ȿɝɩɪʀɦɷɨɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ Ɋɠɫɳɣɤ ɫʀɥ

ȿɫɮɞɣɤ ɫʀɥ ɪɩ ɦɠ

ɪɩ ɦɠ

ɢɛɬʀɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ

ɢɛɬʀɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ

ɍɫɣɪʀɦɷɨɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ

ɪɛɫ ʀɨɳɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ

ȿɫɮɞɣɤ ɫʀɥ

ɍɫɠɭʀɤ ɫʀɥ ɪɛɫ

ɪɩ ɦɠ

ɩɟɨɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ

ɪɩ ɦɠ

ɪɩ ɦɠ

Ɋɠɫɳɣɤ ɫʀɥ

ɪɛɫ

70

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 2

ȂȜȞȚȖ Ȓșȭ ȝșȎȐșȓțțȭ

ǿȓȞȓȔȘȖ

ȁ Șȡȕțȳ

DZȜțȥȎȞ ȕȎ ȞȜȏȜȠȜȬ

I Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɢ ɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ©ɍ ɦɚɣɫɬɟɪɧɿ ɪɟɦɿɫɧɢɤɚª

ɝ ɧɠɭɛɦɮɫɞʀʁ ɭɛ ɩɜɫɩɜɱʀ ɢɛɦʀɢɛ ɂɛ ɟɛɨɣ ɧɣ ɛɫɰɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɰ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɷ ʀɢ ɢɛɦʀɢɛ ɝ ɭɩɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɺɦɣ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨɣɰ ɝɣɫɩɜʀɝ ȿɛɦɠɥɩ ɢɛ ɧɠɡɛ ɧɣ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɱʀɨɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨʀ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɥɩɝɛɦɺɧɣ ɧɠɲʀ ɐɩɫɠɢɧɬɷɥɣɤ ɮɲɠɨɣɤ Ȼɦɷ ȼʀɫɮɨʀ ɪɣɬɛɝ ɴɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɾ ©ɟɣɝ ɨɣɧɣ ʀ ɝɣɨɺɭɥɩɝɣɧɣª Ɉʀɧɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɲɠɫɨɠɱɷ ɍɠɩɯʀɦ ɝ ;, ɬɭ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɝ ɋɮɬɷ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɥɫɛʁɨɩɹ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɣ ɺɥɩʁ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɦɣ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɩ ɲɠɫɨʀ ɭɛ ɪɠɫɠɞɩ ɫɩɟɲɛɬɭɩʁ ɠɧɛɦʀ ɇɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɩɧ ɲɠɫɨʀ ɫɮɬɣɲʀ ɩɝɩɦɩɟʀɦɣ ɝ ; ɬɭ ɍɛɥ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɲɩɫɨʀ ɤ ɭɠɧɨɩ ɬʀɫʀ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɨɠɬɠɨʀ ɨɛ ɧɠɭɛɦ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɞɫɛɝʀɫɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɤ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɢɛɪɩɝɨɠɨɨɺ ɳɭɫɣɰʀɝ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɣɧ ɬɪɦɛɝɩɧ Ɏ ɭɠɰɨʀɱʀ ɲɠɫɨʀ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɬɫʀɜɨʀ ɥɩɦ ɭɣ ɪʀɟɝʀɬɥɣ ɧɠɟɛɦɷɤɩɨɣ ɪɠɫɬɨʀ ɰɫɠɬɭɣ ɜɫɛɬɦɠɭɣ ɭɩɴɩ ɍɠɰɨʀɥɮ ɪɠɫɠɞɩɫɩɟɲɛɬɭɩʁ ɠɧɛɦʀ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɣ ɢɛɪɩɢɣɲɣɦɣ ɝ ;²;, ɬɭ ɮ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤ ɱʀɝ Ƚɩɨɛ ɪɩɦɺɞɛɦɛ ɝ ɨɛɪɛɹɝɛɨɨʀ ɭɩɨɥɣɰ ɟɫɩɭɣɨɩɥ ɨɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɨɹ ɢɩɦɩɭɛ ɛɜɩ ɬɫʀɜɦɛ ɴɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɣ ɥɩɨɭɮɫ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɞɩ ɧɛɦɹɨ ɥɛ Ƚɩɨɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɞɩɫɩɟɥɣ ɪɫɩ ɬɭʀɫ ɧʀɡ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɢɛɪɩɝɨɹɝɛɝɬɺ ɠɧɛɦɦɹ ³ ɫʀɢɨɩɥɩɦɷɩɫɩɝɩɹ ɬɥɦɩɪɩɟʀɜɨɩɹ ɧɛɬɩɹ Ɋɩɭʀɧ ɝɣɫʀɜ ɥɦɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɡɛɫɩɝɨɹ ɟɠ ɠɧɛɦɷ ɪɦɛɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɢɛɬɭɣɞɛɦɛ ɀɧɛɦɺɧɣ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɛɦɣ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥʀ ɟʀɛɟɠɧɣ ɧɠɟɛɦɷ ɤɩɨɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɣ ɩɥɦɛɟɣ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɣɰ ɥɨɣɞ ɂɛ ɦɣɳɥɣ ɧɛɤɬɭɠɫɠɨɷ ɟɠ ɝɣɫɩɜɦɺɦɣ ɠɧɛɦʀ ɝɣɺɝɦɠɨɩ ɛɫɰɠɩɦɩɞɛɧɣ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɫɩɢɥɩɪʀɝ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɬɭɛɫɩɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɩ Ʌɣ ɾɝɛ ɭɛ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ʌɣɾɝɩ Ɋɠɲɠɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫɺ Ȳɨɭɠɨɬɣɝɨɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɞɩɨɲɛɫɬɭɝɩ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɪɫɩɟɮɥɱʀʁ ɨɛ ɫɣɨɩɥ ɪɩɬɭɛɲɛɦɣ ɬɛɧɠ ɞɩɨɲɛɫʀ ɑɠ ɜɮɦɣ ɞɩɫɴɣɥɣ ɞɦɠɲɣ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) íàïðèê³íö³ Õ – ó ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² ñò.

ɥɣ ɬɝʀɭɣɦɷɨɣɥɣ ɪʀɟɬɝʀɲɨɣɥɣ ɥɠɫɛɧʀɲɨʀ ɥɛɰɦʀ ʀɞɫɛɳɥɣ ɭɩɴɩ Ɉɛ ɢɦɛɧʀ ;²;, ɬɭ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɣ ɩɝɩɦɩɟʀɦɣ ɭɠɰɨʀɥɩɹ ɝɣ ɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɦɣɝ·ɺɨɣɰ ɥɠɫɛɧʀɲɨɣɰ ɝɣ ɫɩɜʀɝ ɬɭɩɦɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɩɬɮɟɮ ɤ ɟɠɥɩɫɛɭɣɝɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭɩɥ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɣɰ ɟɦɺ ɩɢɟɩɜɦɠɨɨɺ ɰɫɛ ɧʀɝ ʀ ɪɛɦɛɱʀɝ Ƚɣɬɩɥɩɞɩ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɩ ɭɛ ɥɩɡ ɝɣɫɩɜɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɬɥɦɛ Ʉɩɞɩ ɬɠɥɫɠɭɛɧɣ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɣ ɩɝɩɦɩɟʀɦɣ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ; ² ɮ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ;, ɬɭ Ɏ ɧɛɤɬɭɠɫɨɺɰ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɺɦɣ ɝʀɥɩɨɨɠ ɬɥɦɩ ɪɩɬɮɟ ɜɫɛɬɦɠ ɭɣ ɨɛɧɣɬɭɩ ɪɠɫɬɨʀ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɫɠɲʀ Ɉɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɠɨʀ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɛ ɢ ɩɜɫɩɜɥɣ ɳɥʀɫɣ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɥʀɬɭɥɣ ɥɛɧɠɨɹ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝ ɦɠɨɨɺ ɝɢɮɭɭɺ ɥɫɛɝɠɱɭɝɛ ɝɣɫɩɜɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɱɠɞɦɣ ʀ ɝɛɪɨɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɮ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɫɩɢ ɝɣɭɥɮ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɝɛɦɛ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦɺ ɑɷɩɧɮ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɲɠɫɠɢ ʁʁ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ɪɫɩɦɺɞɛɦɛ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɰ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟ ɨɣɰ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɣɰ ɳɦɺɰʀɝ ©Ⱦɫɠɱɷɥɣɤª ɳɦɺɰ ©ʀɢ ɝɛɫɺɞʀɝ ɮ ɞɫɠɥɣª ɪɩɾɟɨɮɝɛɝ ɋɮɬɷ ʀɢ ɜɛɦɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɭɛ ɲɩɫɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɫɣɨɥɛɧɣ ©Ɍɩɦɺɨɣɧª ɳɦɺɰɩɧ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮ ɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ɢ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɧɣ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɭɛ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ©ɢɛɦɩɢɨɣɧª ³ ʀɢ ɥɫɛʁ ɨɛɧɣ Ʌɛɝɥɛɢɮ ɭɛ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ɍɰɩɟɮ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɭɩɝɛɫɛɧɣ ɴɩ ʁɰ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɥɮɪ ɱʀ ɝɣɝɩɢɣɦɣ ɢɛ ɥɩɫɟɩɨ ɜɮɦɣ ɰɮɭɫɩ ɧɠɟ ɝʀɬɥ ɳɥɮɫɣ ɹɝɠɦʀɫɨʀ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɬɣ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣ ɲʀ ɝɣɫɩɜɣ ɧɠɲʀ ɥɩɦɷɲɮɞɣ ɢɛɧɥɣ ɭɩɴɩ

ɦɷɩɨ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɛ ɪɫɩɟɮɥɱʀɺ Ȳɢ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɨɛ ɋɮɬɷ ɪɫɣɝɩɢɣɦɣ ɢɩɦɩɭɩ ɪɩɬɮɟ ɳɩɝɥɩɝʀ ɭɥɛɨɣɨɣ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɬɣ ɝɣɨɛ ʀɥɩɨɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɣ Ȳɢ ɥɫɛʁɨ Ɍɰɩɟɮ ³ ɪɫɺɨɩɴʀ ɢɜɫɩɹ ɭɥɛɨɣɨɣ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɬɣ Ȳɢ ɥɫɛʁɨ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɭɛ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ³ ɩɬɠɦɠɟɱʀ ɨɛɪɩʁ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭɣ ɩɢɜɫɩɾɨɨɺ ɟɩɫɩɞɣɤ ɪɩɬɮɟ ɬɫʀ ɜɦɩ ɝɩɝɨɺɨʀ ɭɥɛɨɣɨɣ ɭɩɨɥɠ ɪɩɦɩɭɨɩ

71

ȀȜȞȑ ȡ ǸȖȱȐȳ țȎ ǽȜȒȜșȳ

I Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɦɚɥɸɧɨɤ əɤɿ ɬɨɜɚɪɢ

ɩɪɨɩɨɧɭɸɬɶɫɹ" Ʉɭɩɰɿɜ ɿɡ ɹɤɢɯ ɤɪɚʀɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ"

ǺȜțȓȠȖ ȥȎȟȳȐ Șțȭȕȭ ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞȎ

ǿȞȳȏțȳ ȑȞȖȐțȳ

72

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 2

ɋɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɢɮɧɩɝɣɝ ɪɩɡɝɛɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɞɫɩɳɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɜʀɞɮ Ƚɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥʀ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɭɛ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥʀ ɧɩɨɠɭɣ Ɋɠɫɳɣɧ ɥɛɫɜɮɝɛɭɣ ɝɦɛɬɨʀ ɧɩɨɠɭɣ ɺɥ ɝɣ ɝɡɠ ɢɨɛɾɭɠ ɪɩɲɛɝ ɥɨɺɢɷ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɭɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɟɩ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;, ɬɭ ɮ ɞɫɩɳɩɝɩɧɮ ɩɜʀɞɮ ɋɮ ɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɦɣ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥʀ ɬɫʀɜɨʀ ɧɩɨɠɭɣ ³ ɟɣɫɞɠɧɣ Ɋɩɫɺɟ ʀɢ ɨɣɧɣ ɨɛ ɟɮɧɥɮ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɥʀɝ ɺɥ ɢɛɬʀɜ ɩɜɧʀɨɮ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɰɮɭɫɩ ɟɣɥɩɞɩ ɢɝʀ ɫɛ ³ ɥɮɨɣɱʀ ɝɣɝʀɫɥɣ ɭɩɴɩ Ƚʀɟ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɩɞɩ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɟɣɫɞɠɧɣ ɢɨɩɳɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɛ ʀɨɥɩɦɣ ʁɰɨʀɤ ɥɫɛɤ ɩɜɫʀɢɛɦɣ ɳɛɰɫɛʁ ɍɩɧɮ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;, ɬɭ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɮɡɠ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝ ɦɺɦɣ ɬɫʀɜɨʀ ɢɦɣɝɥɣ ³ ɞɫɣɝɨʀ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɛ ɞɫɣɝɨɺ ɧɛɦɛ ɳɠɬɭɣɥɮɭɨɮ ɯɩɫɧɮ ʀ ɧɛɬɮ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɞ Ɉɛɢɝɛ ©ɞɫɣɝɨɺª ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɮɬʀɰ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛɰ Ɏ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɪɮɨɥɭɛɰ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɧʀɬɱɺ ɟɠ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɭɩɫ ɞʀɝɦɺ ɂɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɝɩɺɥ ɍʀɭɧɛɫ ɇɛʊɟɠɜɮɫɢɷɥɣɤ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɺɾ ɴɩ ɝ ɫ ɝ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɝʀɬʀɧ ɭɩɫɡɣɴ ɛ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɱʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɟɝɛ ³ ȼɛɜɣɨ ɭɩɫɡɩɥ ɨɛ Ⱦɩɫʀ ɤ ɍɩɫɞɩɝɣɴɠ ɨɛ Ɋɩɟɩɦʀ

I əɤɚ ɝɚɥɭɡɶ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɛɭɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɿɞɧɨɸ ɧɚ Ɋɭɫɿ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɿɧɰɿ ; ± ɭ ɩɟɪɲɿɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɿ ;, ɫɬ " əɤɿ ɜɢɞɢ ɪɟɦɟɫɥɚ ɛɭɥɢ ɧɚɣɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɿɲɢɦɢ ɧɚ Ɋɭɫɿ" əɤɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɬɨɜɚɪɢ ɜɢ ɜɨɡɢɥɢɫɹ ɪɭɫɶɤɢɦɢ ɤɭɩɰɹɦɢ ɡɚ ɤɨɪɞɨɧ"

Ɋɩɝɬɺɥɟɠɨɨɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɝɠɫɬɭɝ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ɉɛɤɲɛɬɭʀɳɠ ɫɮɬɣɲʀ ɩɬɠɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɪɩɫɺɟ ʀɢ ɦʀɬɩɧ Ɏ ɦʀɬʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɩɦɹ ɝɛɦɣ ɢɜɣɫɛɦɣ ɞɫɣɜɣ ɭɛ ɺɞɩɟɣ ɰɩɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɪɛɟɨɣɥʀɝ ɮ ɫɛɢʀ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɥɣ Ƚɠɦɣɥɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɬɠɦɠɨɷ ɭɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɛɬɺ ɢ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɰɛɭɣɨɣ ɮ ɞɦɣɜɣɨʀ ɦʀɬɮ Ɋɩɫɺɟ ɢʀ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɩɬɠɦɠɹ ɦɹɟɣ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɣ ɮɦɛɳɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɩɦɠ ɪɛɬɩ ɝɣɬɷɥɩ ɬʀɨɩɡɛɭɷ ɦʀɬ ȼɮɦɣ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɩɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɢ ɟɝɩɰ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɰɛɭɣɨɩɥ Ȳɢ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɰɮɭɩɫɣ ɢ ɟɠɬɺɭɥɩɧ ɭɛ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɰɛɭɣɨ Ɍɠɦɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɫɩɟɣɨɛ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɛɬɺ ɢ ² ɩɬʀɜ ʀ ɝɠɦɛ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɠ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ Ɋɫɛɱɺ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɝɛɡɥɩɹ ʀ ɝɣɬɨɛɡɦɣɝɩɹ Ɏɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɭɺɡɥɩʁ ɪɫɛɱʀ ɩɟɨɛ ɬʀɧ·ɺ ɧɛɦɛ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɭɩɨɨɣ ɩɢɣɧɩɞɩ ɢɠɫɨɛ ʀ ɧɩɞɦɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɩɟɛɭɣ ɇʀɬɭɛ ɝ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɝɣɨɣɥɛɦɣ ɢ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɪɫɣɲɣɨ ɉɟɨʀ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛɝɥɩ ɦɩ ɥɨɺɡɣɰ ɟɝɩɫʀɝ Ʌɣʁɝ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝ ʀɨɳʀ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɥɨɺɢɺɧɣ ɺɥ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ əɫ·ʁɝ ɒɣɧɛɦɩ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ɮ Ɋɩɫɩɬɬʀ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɩ ɢʀ ɬɭɩɫɩɡɩɝɣɰ ɯɩɫɭɠɱɷ ȿɠɺɥʀ ɺɥ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨɬɷɥɣɤ Ȳɬɥɩɫɩɬɭɠɨɷ ³ ʀɢ ɱɠɨɭɫʀɝ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɣɰ ɥɨɺɡʀɨɷ ɑɠɨɭɫɩɧ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɜɮɝ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɮɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɣɤ ɢɛɧɩɥ ɟɣɭɣɨɠɱɷ Ɉɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɫɩɢ ɭɛɳɩɝɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɩ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɲɣɤ ɪɩɬɛɟ Ɏ ɫɛɢʀ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɥɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɠɳɥɛɨɱʀ ɳɮɥɛɦɣ ɢɛɰɣɬɭɮ ɝ ɟɣɭɣɨɱʀ Ɏ ɥɨɺɡɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɭʀ ɝɬʀ ɝɮɦɣɱʀ ɝɠɦɣ ɟɩ ɟɣɭɣɨɱɺ ɝ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ³ ɨɛ ɟɩɫɩɞɣ ɴɩ ɝɠɦɣ ɟɩ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀɰ ɧʀɬɭ ʀ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɬɭɛɨɷ ȿɩɫʀɞ ɜɮɦɩ ɭɩɟʀ ɟɮɡɠ ɧɛɦɩ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɫʀɲɥɩɝɣɧɣ ɳɦɺɰɛɧɣ Ɏ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɧʀɬɭ ɋɮɬʀ ɝɠɦɣ ɥʀ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɛɤɨɺɭʀ ɞɩɫɩɟɛɧɣ ʀ ɬɛɟɛɧɣ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɣɬɺ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɨɠɢɛɜɮɟɩɝɛɨʀ ɪɫɩ ɬɭɩɫɣ ³ ɜɩɦɩɭɛ ɦɮɥɣ ɪɮɬɭɣɫʀ ȼɫɛɥ ɧʀɬɱɺ ɺɥ ɮ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ɢɮ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) íàïðèê³íö³ Õ – ó ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² ñò.

73

Ɋɫɣɲɣɨɣ ɝɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɧʀɬɭ

ɏɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɣɰ ɱɠɨɭɫʀɝ

ɏɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɩ ɛɟɧʀ ɨʀɬɭɫɛɭɣɝɨɣɰ ɱɠɨɭɫʀɝ

Ƚɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɧʀɬɭ

ɂɛɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɣɰ ɯɛɥɭɩɫʀɤ ɝɛɫɺ ɞɛɧɣ

ɋɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɫɠɧɠɬɠɦ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ

Ɍɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɛ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɫɮɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ

Ɏɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɋɩɢɭɛɳɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɡɩʁ ɫɠɢɣɟɠɨɱʀʁ

ɋɠɧʀɬɨɣɲɩ ɭɩɫɞɩ ɝɠɦɷɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧʀɬɭɛ

ȿɣɭɣɨɠɱɷ

Ɋɩɬɛɟ

Ƚɛɦɣ ʀ ɲɛɬɭɩɥɩɦɣ ɢ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ

ɧɩɝɦɹɝɛɝ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɝɣɬɩɭɮ ɜɮɟɣɨɥʀɝ ɋʀɟɥɩ ɺɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥʀ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɣ ɬɺɞɛɦɣ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɪɩɝɠɫɰʀɝ ɉɬɠɦɺɧɣ ɨɠɢɛɧɩɡɨɣɰ ɧʀɬɭɺɨ ɨɛɤɲɛɬɭʀɳɠ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɛɪʀɝɢɠɧɦɺɨɥɣ Ɏ ,;²; ɬɭ ɮ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɤ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɛ ɝ ɐȲ ɬɭ ³ ɟɛɦʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ʀɢ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɫɛɤɩɨʀɝ ɋɮɬʀ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɪɩɳɣɫɹɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɨɛɢɠɧɨʀ ɢɫɮɜɨʀ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɣ ʀɢ ɬɩɬɨɩɝɩʁ ɛɜɩ ɺɦɣɨɩɝɩʁ ɟɠɫɠɝɣ ɨɣ Ɋɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɮ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɜɮɟʀɝɠɦɷ ɮ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ɢɝɩɟɣɦɣ ɢ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɛ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨʀ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɫʀɟɥʀɬɭɹ ȼɛɞɛɭʀ ɜɮɟʀɝɦʀ ɧɛɦɣ ɬʀɨɣ ³ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɮ ɭɠɫɛɬɮ ɨɛ ɟɫɮɞɩ ɧɮ ɪɩɝɠɫɬʀ ɤ ɭɠɫɠɧ ³ ɨɠɧɩɝɜɣ ɝɠɡɮ ɟɠ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɥʀɧɨɛɭɣ Ȳɬɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɭɛ ɥɩɡ ɥɦʀɭɷ ³ ɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɥʀɧɨɛɭɛ ɟɠ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɫɠɲʀ Ȳɢ ɧɠɜɦʀɝ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨʀ ɦɛɝɣ ɬɭʀɦ ʀ ɬɥɫɣɨʀ ɂɛɧɩɡɨʀ ɧʀɬɭɺɨɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɬɭʀɦɷɱʀ ɤ ɦʀɡɥɛ ɛ ɪɫɩɬɭʀ ɬɪɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɬɥɫɣɨɺɰ ɛɜɩ ɪɫɩɬɭɩ ɨɛ ɪʀɟɦɩɢʀ ɨɛ ɫɩɞɩɡʀ ɤ ɨɛɥɫɣɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɣɧ ɪɫɩɬɭɣɫɛɟɦɩɧ Ɏ ɢɛ ɧɩɡɨɣɰ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɛɰ ɦʀɡɥɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɳɮɥɛɨʀɳɣɧ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɥɫɣɝɛɦɣ ɳɩɝɥɩɝʀ ɪɩɥɫɣɝɛɦɛ ɤ ɪɩɟɮɳɥɣ ɬɩɜɩɦɣɨʀ ɥɩɝɟɫɣ ɪɠɫɣɨɣ ɢ ɪɮɰɮ ʀ ɪʀɫ·ɺ Ɇɛɝɣ ɝɥɫɣɝɛɦɣ ɥɣɦɣɧɛɧɣ ɛ ɬɭɩɦɣ ³ ɬɥɛɭɠɫɭɣɨɛɧɣ Ɏ ɥɩɡɨɩɧɮ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɮ ɜɮɦɣ ʀɥɩɨɣ Ɋɫɩɬɭʀ ɦɹɟɣ ɩɬɝʀɭɦɹ ɝɛɦɣ ɩɬɠɦɹ ɬɥʀɪɩɹ ɟɠɫɠɝ·ɺɨɣɧɣ ɭɫʀɬɥɛɧɣ ɛ ɢɛɧɩɡɨʀ ³ ɝɩɬɥɩɝɣɧɣ ɬɝʀɲɥɛɧɣ Ɏ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɩ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɲɣɰ ɪɩɬɛɟɛɰ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɝ ɥɩɡɨɩɧɮ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɮ ɜɮɦɛ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɲɛ ɧɛɤɬɭɠɫɨɺ ɛɜɩ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɛ ɦɛɝɥɛ

74

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 2

ǿǮDzǶǯǮ ȅǮǿǥǰ Ǿȁǿǥ ȁǸǾǮǦǻǶ

ɜɢɲɤɢ ɝɥɢɧɨɛɢɬɧɚ ɩɿɱ ɫɬɿɥ ɥɚɜɢ ɫɤɪɢɧɹ

ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɢɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ

ɫɿɧɢ

ʉɚɧɨɤ

ɂɛɧɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɭɛ ɜʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɫɮɬɣɲɛ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɫɩɢɫʀɢɨɣɭɣ ɢɛ ɝɜɫɛɨɨɺɧ Ɍɠ ɦɺɨɣ ɨɩɬɣɦɣ ɪɦɠɭɠɨʀ ɦɣɲɛɥɣ ɦɛɪɭʀ ɜʀɟɨʀ ɧʀɬɭɺɨɣ ³ ɲɠɫɠɝɣɥɣ ɝɢɮɭɭɺ ɢɳɣɭɠ ɢ ɲɠɫɠɝ·ɺ ³ ɧ·ɺɥɩʁ ɳɥʀɫɣ ɢ ɲɠɫɠɝɛ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ȿɩɬɣɭɷ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɜʀɟɨʀ ɭɛ ɢɛɧɩɡɨʀ ɧʀɬɭɺɨɣ ɨɩɬɣɦɣ ɲɩɜɩɭɣ ɭɩɟʀ ʁɰ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɪɩ ɭɹɫɥɬɷɥɣ ©ɬɛɪɩɞɣª ɬɦɩɝɩ ©ɲɩɜɩɭɣª ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɩɬɺ ɨɛɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɒɩɜɩɭɣ ɬɛɪɩɞɣ ɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɫɩɬɭʀ ɢ ɩɢɟɩɜɦɠɨɩʁ ɳɣɭɝɩɧ ʀ ɪɠɫɦɣɨɛ ɧɣ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɩɝɩʁ ɬɛɪ·ɺɨɩɝɩʁ ɳɥʀɫɣ ɉɟɺɞ ɪɫɩɬɭʀ ɧʀɬɭɺɨɣ ɬɛɧʀ ɥɫɩʁɦɣ ʀ ɳɣɦɣ ɢ ɦɦɺɨɩʁ ɭɛ ɝɩɝɨɺɨɩʁ ɟɩɧɩɭɥɛɨɩʁ ɭɥɛ ɨɣɨɣ ɛ ɢɛɧɩɡɨʀ ɢɛɧɩɝɦɺɦɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɝɜɫɛɨɨɺ ɢ ɟɩɫɩɞɣɰ ʀɨɩɢɠɧɨɣɰ ɭɥɛɨɣɨ ɮ ɥɫɛɝɱʀɝ Ɋɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɛ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɨɠɢɛɧɩɡɨɣɰ ɫɮɬɣɲʀɝ ɨɩɬɣɦɛ ɪɩɦɩɭɨɺɨʀ ɬɩɫɩɲɥɣ ɪʀɟɪɠɫɠ ɢɛɨʀ ɪɩɺɬɛɧɣ ʀ ɝɮɢɷɥʀ ɳɭɛɨɣ ɂɝɠɫɰɮ ɝɟɺɞɛɦɣ ɬɝɣɭɥɮ Ɏ ɪɫɩɰɩɦɩɟɨɮ ɪɩɞɩɟɮ ʀ ɧʀɬ ɭɺɨɣ ʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɨɩɬɣɦɣ ɪɩɝɠɫɰ ɬɝɣɭɣ ɪɦɛɴ ʀɢ ɞɫɮɜɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɩɭɨɛ ɛ ɝɢɣɧɥɮ ɩɟɺɞɛɦɣ ɥɩɡɮɰ ɂɨɛɭɷ ɮɜɣɫɛɦɛɬɺ ɝ ɥɛɪɭɛɨɣ ɴɩ ɬɺɞɛɦɣ ɨɣɡɲɠ ɥɩɦʀɨ ɫɩɢɳɣɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɧ ɳɣɭɝɩɧ ɭɛ ɩɜɳɣɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɰɮɭɫɩɧ ɨɛ ɫɮɥɛɝɛɰ ʀ ɪɩɟɩɦʀ Ƚʀɨ ɩɟɺɞɛɝɬɺ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɨɛ ɬɩɫɩɲ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) íàïðèê³íö³ Õ – ó ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² ñò.

75

ɥɮ ɢ ɭɩɨɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɩɭɨɛ ʀ ɝɮɢɷɥʀ ɳɭɛɨɣ Ʌɛɯɭɛɨ ɪʀɟɪɠ ɫʀɢɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɩɺɬɩɧ ɛ ɢɝɠɫɰɮ ɨɛɥɣɟɛɦɣ ɟɩɝɞɣɤ ɪɦɛɴ ɜɠɢ ɫɮɥɛɝʀɝ ɪɫɣɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɣɤ ɪɫɺɡɥɩɹ ɨɛ ɪɫɛɝɩɧɮ ɪɦɠɲʀ ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɩɹ ɫɣɬɩɹ ɝɜɫɛɨɨɺ ɝɬʀɰ ɧʀɬɭɺɨ ɜɮɦɣ ɫʀɢɨɩ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɩɝʀ ɭɥɛɨɣɨɣ ɭɩɧɮ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɩ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɧɛɤɬɭɠɫɠɨɷ ɥɫɛɬɣɦɷɨɣɥʀɝ Ɂʀɨɥɣ ʀ ɟʀɝɲɛɭɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɰ ɟɩɝɞɩʁ ɬɩɫɩɲɥɣ ɝɟɺɞɛɦɣ ɢɛɪɛɬɥɮ ɢ ɞɫɮɜɩʁ ɭɥɛɨɣɨɣ ɛ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ ³ ɟɩɝ ɞʀ ɥɛɪɭɛɨɣ ɢ ɳɣɫɩɥɣɧɣ ɫɮɥɛɝɛɧɣ ʀ ɪʀɟɪɠɫʀɢɮɝɛɦɣ ʁɰ ɪɩɺɬɩɧ Ƚɩɦɩɬɬɺ ɢɛɝ·ɺɢɮɝɛɦɣ ɭɩɨɥɩɹ ɰɮɬɭɥɩɹ ɢɝɠɫɰɮ ǴȳțȜȥȖȗ ȜȒȭȑ ɨɛɟɺɞɛɦɣ ɳɛɪɥɮ ɛɜɩ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɬɮ ³ ɟʀɛɟɠɧɮ ȼʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɫɮɬɣɲʀɝ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɠɝɣɜɛɞɦɣɝɣɧɣ ɝ ʁɡʀ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝɡɣɝɛɦɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɟɣɲɣɨɣ ɭɛ ɫɣɜɣ ɺɥɮ ɬɧɛɡɣɦɣ ɪɠɥɦɣ ɝɛɫɣɦɣ ȿɠɴɩ ɪʀɢɨʀ ɳɠ ɬɭɛɦɣ ʁɬɭɣ ɧ·ɺɬɩ ɟɩɧɛɳɨɷɩʁ ɰɮɟɩɜɣ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɪɫɩɬɭʀ ɦɹɟɣ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɣ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɝɡɣɝɛɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɭɩ Ƚɛɫɣɦɣ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ ɥɛɳʀ Ɏ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɰ ɬʀɧ·ɺɰ ɝɣɪʀɥɛɦɣ ɪɳɠ ɨɣɲɨɣɤ ʀ ɡɣɭɨʀɤ ɰɦʀɜ ɮ ɜʀɟɨɣɰ ³ ɺɲɧʀɨɨɣɤ Ɋɣɦɣ ɥɩɫɩɝ·ɺɲɠ ɤ ɩɝɠɲɠ ɧɩɦɩɥɩ ɭɛ ɫɩɜɣɦɣ ɢ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɣɫ Ɋʀɬɨʀ ɬɭɫɛɝɣ ɢɧɛɴɮɝɛɦɣ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɩɹ ɩɦʀɾɹ ɪɫɩ ɝɠɫɳɥɩɝɠ ɧɛɬɦɩ ɢɞɛɟɩɥ ɨɠɧɛɾ Ɍɪɩɡɣɝɛɦɣ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɩɝɩɲʀɝ ɫʀɪɮ ɞɩɫɩɰ ɩɞʀɫɥɣ ɲɛɬɨɣɥ ɱɣ ɜɮɦɹ ɭɩɴɩ Ȳɢ ɨɛɪɩʁɝ ɨɛɤɪɩɳɣɫɠɨʀɳɣɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ ɥɣɬɠɦʀ ɧɠɟɣ ɤ ɪɣɝɩ ȿɦɺ ɢɛɧɩɡɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ʀɢ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɪɫɣɝɩɢɣɦɣ ɝɣɨɩ

I Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɦɚɥɸɧɨɤ ɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɩɪɨ ɬɪɚɩɟɡɭ ɡɧɚɬɧɢɯ ɪɭɫɢɱɿɜ

76

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 2

I əɤɢɦ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɨɜɫɹɤɞɟɧɧɟ ɠɢɬɬɹ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɜɟɪɫɬɜ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ Ʉɢʀɜɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ" ȼɂɋɇɈȼɄɂ ɂɛ ɯɩɫɧɩɹ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ; ² ɮ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ;, ɬɭ ɋɮɬɷ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦʀɢɩɝɛɨɩɹ ɧɩɨɛɫɰʀɾɹ ɢ ɩɟɨɩɩɬʀɜɨɩɹ ɝɦɛ ɟɩɹ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ɏ ;²;, ɬɭ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨʀ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨɣ ɤ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɛɬɺ ɬɩɱʀɛɦɷɨɛ ɪʀɫɛɧʀɟɛ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɯɠɩɟɛɦʀɢɧ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɧɛɝ ɪɠɝɨʀ ɩɬɩɜ ɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɺɥʀ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɝʀɟ ɭɣɰ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɩɫɺɟɥʀɝ ɴɩ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɣ ɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ Ⱦɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɩ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɞɩ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɣɧ ɢɛɨɺɭɭɺɧ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɋɮɬʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ Ɋɩɝɬɺɥɟɠɨɨɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɫɮɬɣɲʀɝ ɩɜɮɧɩɝɦɹɝɛɦɩɬɺ ʁɰɨɷɩɹ ɨɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɹ ɟɩ ɪɠɝɨɩʁ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɩʁ ɝɠɫɬɭɝɣ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɺɧɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɮɧɩɝ ɭɛ ʀɬɨɮɹɲɣɧɣ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨɣɧɣ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɺɧɣ ɁȺɄɊȱɉɂɆɈ ɁɇȺɇɇə ȅȖȚ ȤȓțȠȞȎșȳȕȜȐȎțȎ ȚȜțȎȞȣȳȭ ȐȳȒȞȳȕțȭȱȠȪȟȭ ȐȳȒ ©ȒȞȡȔȖțțȜȴª ȒȓȞȔȎȐȖ ȭȘ ȢȜȞȚȖ ȒȓȞȔȎȐțȜȑȜ ȝȞȎȐșȳțțȭ" ȍȘȳ ȢȎȘȠȖ ȒȜȕȐȜșȭȬȠȪ ȕȞȜȏȖȠȖ ȐȖȟțȜȐȜȘ ȧȜ ǰȓșȖȘȖȗ ȘțȭȕȪ ǸȖȴȐȟȪȘȖȗ țȎȝȞȖȘȳțȤȳ ; ² ȡ ȝȓȞȦȳȗ ȝȜșȜȐȖțȳ ;, ȟȠ ȏȡȐ ȑȜșȜȐțȜȬ ȢȳȑȡȞȜȬ ȟȖȟȠȓȚȖ ȒȓȞȔȎȐțȜȴ ȐșȎȒȖ" ȅȖȚ ȐȳȒȞȳȕțȭȱȠȪȟȭ ȝȜȚȳȟțȎ ȢȜȞȚȎ ȕȓȚșȓȐȜșȜȒȳțțȭ ȐȳȒ ȐȜȠȥȖțțȜȴ" ȍȘȳ ȢȎȘȠȜȞȖ ȝȜȕȖȠȖȐțȜ ȐȝșȖȐȎșȖ țȎ ȞȜȕȐȖȠȜȘ ȑȜȟȝȜȒȎȞȟȠȐȎ ǸȖȴȐȟȪȘȜȴ ȒȓȞȔȎȐȖ" ǼȣȎȞȎȘȠȓȞȖȕȡȗȠȓ ȟȠȎțȜȐȖȧȓ ȜȟțȜȐțȖȣ ȐȓȞȟȠȐ țȎȟȓșȓțțȭ ǸȖȴȐȟȪȘȜȴ ȒȓȞȔȎȐȖ

§ 9. ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ ÐÓѲ-ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ Ƚɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɣɬɠɧɨɩɬɭʀ ɭɛ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɧɩɝɣ ɓɥɩɦɣ Ɋɩɺɝɛ ɝɦɛɬɨɩʁ ɪɣɬɠɧɨɩɬɭʀ ɧɛɦɛ ɨɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɬɷɥɩʁ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɩɭɣ ɂɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ ɬɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɝ ,;²; ɬɭ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɦɺ ɪɣɬɷɧɛ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɧɣ ©ɲɠɫɭɛɧɣ ʀ ɫɠɢɛɧɣª ɭɛ ©ɫɮɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɪɣɬɷ ɧɠɨɛɧɣª Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɢɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɪɩɳɣɫɣɦɛɬɺ ɟɦɺ ɪɣɬɷɧɛ ɝɣɨɛɤɟɠɨɛ ɮɲɨɺɧɣ ɜɫɛ ɭʀɝ ɪɫɩɬɝʀɭɨɣɥʀɝ Ʌɣɫɣɦɛ ʀ ɇɠɯɩɟʀɺ ɛɜɠɭɥɛ ³ ɥɣɫɣɦɣɱɺ Ƚɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɬɷɥɛ ɛɜɩ ɬɭɛɫɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɬɭɛɫɩɜɩɦɞɛɫɬɷɥɛ

ɧɩɝɛ ɺɥɛ ɬɭɛɾ ɩɯʀɱʀɤɨɩɹ ɥɨɣɡɨɩɹ ǽȞȜȟȐȳȠțȖȘȖ ǸȖȞȖșȜ ȳ ǺȓȢȜȒȳȗ ȢȞȓȟȘȎ

ɒɣɬɦɠɨɨʀ ɛɫɰɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɢɨɛɰʀɟɥɣ ɬɝʀɟɲɛɭɷ ɪɫɩ ɳɣɫɩɥɠ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɪɣɬɠɧɨɩɬɭʀ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɝɠɫɬɭɝ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɋɮɬʀ Ɋɩɨɛɟ ɨɛɪɣɬʀɝ ɢɨɛɤ ɟɠɨɩ ɨɛ ɬɭʀɨɛɰ Ɍɩɯʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɩɜɩɫɮ ɝ Ʌɣɾɝʀ Ɉɛ ɩɟ ɨʀɤ ɢʀ ɬɭʀɨ ɬɩɜɩɫɮ ɝɣɫʀɢɷɜɦɠɨɩ ɛɜɠɭɥɮ ɢ ɦʀɭɠɫ ɞɫɠɱɷɥɣɰ ʀ ɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ³ ɜ ɡ ɳ ɴ

Ɉɛɤɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳɩɹ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɩɹ ɬɭɛɨɩɝ ɦɠɨɨɺ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ɾ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɝɦɛɬɨɩʁ ɧɩɝɣ Ɉɛ ɟɮɧɥɮ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɧɩɝɩɢɨɛɝɱʀɝ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ,,, ɬɭ ɟɩ ɨ ɠ ² ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ , ɬɭ ɨ ɠ ɮ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɩɝɣɴʀ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɪɩɬɭɮ ǯȓȞȓȟȠȭțȳ ȑȞȎȚȜȠȖ ǽȖȟȎșȎ ɪɩɝɠ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɭɛ ɬɰʀɟ ǰȜȟȘȜȐȎ ȒȜȦȘȎ

ɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɧɩɝɨɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɤ Ɏ ,²9 ɬɭ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥʀɤ ɧɩɝɨʀɤ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɩɢɨɛɥɣ ɪɫɣɭɛɧɛɨɨʀ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɧ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɧ ɧɩɝɛɧ Ȳɬɨɮɾ ɟɮɧɥɛ ɴɩ ɬɪɠɫɳɮ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɧɩɝɨɣɤ ɧɛɬɣɝ ɫɩɢɪɛɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɟɝʀ ɞɫɮɪɣ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɮ ʀ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɮ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɦɣ ɢɠɧɦɺɧ ʀɦɷɧɠɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɦɩɝɠɨʀɝ ʀ ɪɩ ɦɺɨ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲ ɜɮɦɛ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɮɝɛɨɨɹ ɬɪɫɣɺɭɦɣɝɩɹ ɟɦɺ ɝɪɦɣɝʀɝ ʀɢ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɯʀɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɭɛ Ɋɫɣɜɛɦɭɣɥɣ Ɉɛ Ɋʀɝɟɨʀ ɝ 9,²9,, ɬɭ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɮɝɣɫɛɢɨɹ

78

├Р├О├З├Д┬▓├Л 2

╔Э╔Ы╔н╔г╔м╔║ ╔й╔в╔и╔Ы╔е╔г ╔з╔Ы╔д╔Ь╔о╔н╔и╔╖╔й╩Б ╔о╔е╔л╔Ы╩Б╔и╔м╔╖╔е╔й╩Б ╔з╔й╔Э╔г ╔В╔й╔е╔л╔а╔з╔Ы ╔н╔о╔н ╔м╔н╔Ы╔ж╔г ╔Э╔г╔е╔й╔л╔г╔м╔н╔й╔Э╔о╔Э╔Ы ╔н╔г ╔Э ╔з╔й╔Э╩А ┬й╔з┬╖╔║╔е╔г╔д┬к ╔Ю ╔О ╔к╔г╔м╔а╔з╔и╔г╔░ ╔к╔Ы╔з┬╖╔║╔н╔е╔Ы╔░ ╔Л╔о╔м╩А ╔О╔е╔л╔Ы╩Б╔и╔г ╔м╔н╔Э╔й╔л╔а╔и╔г╔░ ╔Э ;, ╔м╔н ╔Я╔й╔м╔ж╩А╔Я╔и╔г╔е╔г ╔к╔л╔й╔м╔ж╩А╔Я╔е╔й ╔Э╔о╔╣╔н╔╖ ╔п╔й╔л╔з╔о╔Э╔Ы╔и╔и╔║ ╔а╔ж╔а╔з╔а╔и╔н╩А╔Э ╔к╔л╔г╔н╔Ы╔з╔Ы╔и ╔и╔г╔░ ╔о╔е╔л╔Ы╩Б╔и╔м╔╖╔е╩А╔д ╔з╔й╔Э╩А ╔И╔Ы╔к╔л╔г╔е╔ж╔Ы╔Я ╔Я╔й╔м╔г╔н╔╖ ╔▓╔Ы╔м╔н╔й ╔к╔а╔л╔а╔к╔г╔м╔о╔Э╔Ы╔▓╩А ╔е╔и╔г╔Ю ╔к╔ж╔о╔н╔Ы╔ж╔г ╔ж╩А╔н╔а╔л╔г ╟▒╚Ю╚О╚в╚│╚а╚│ ╚Х ╟┐╚Ь╚в╚│╚Ч╚Я╚к╚Ш╚Ь╚С╚Ь ╚Я╚Ь╚П╚Ь╚Ю╚б ргО ╔║╔н╔╖ ╔н╔Ы ╔┐ ╔О ┬й╔К╔й╔Э╩А╔м╔н╩А ╔з╔г╔и╔о╔ж╔г╔░ ╔ж╩А╔н┬к ╔ж╩А╔н╔й ╔к╔г╔м╔а╔▒╔╖ ╔▓╔Ы╔м╔н╔й ╔Э╔г╔е╔й╔л╔г╔м╔н╔й╔Э╔о╔╛ ╔о╔е╔л╔Ы╩Б╔и╔м╔╖╔е╩А ╔м╔ж╔й╔Э╔Ы ┬й╔б╔г╔н╔й┬к ┬й╔л╩А╔ж╔ж╔║┬к ┬й╔м╔й╔▓╔а╔Э╔г╔▒╔║┬к ┬й╔в╔й╔л╔║┬к ┬й╔к╔й╔Я╔л╔о╔б╔б╔║┬к ┬й╔и╔Ы╔д╔з╔г╔н┬к ┬й╔й╔л╔Ы╔н╔г┬к ┬й╔Э╔Ы╔Ь╔г╔н╔г┬к ┬й╔з╔а╔Я┬к ┬й╔м╔н╔л╔Ы╔Э╔Ы┬к

╔Е╔г╔л╔г╔ж╔г╔▒╔║ ┬│ ╔м╔ж╔й╔Э┬╖╔║╔и╔м╔╖╔е╔Ы ╔Ы╔Ь╔а╔н╔е╔Ы ╔И╔Ы╔в╔Э╔Ы╔и╔Ы ╔в╔Ы ╩А╔з┬╖╔║╔з ╔м╔ж╔й╔Э┬╖╔║╔и╔м╔╖╔е╔й╔Ю╔й ╔к╔л╔й ╔м╔Э╩А╔н╔г╔н╔а╔ж╔║ ╔Е╔г╔л╔г╔ж╔Ы ╔║╔е╔г╔д ╔л╔Ы╔в╔й╔з ╩А╔в ╔Ь╔л╔Ы╔н╔й╔з ╔м╔н╔Э╔й╔л╔г╔Э ╔к╔а╔л╔│╔о ╔м╔ж╔й╔Э┬╖╔║╔и╔м╔╖╔е╔о ╔Ы╔Ь╔а╔н╔е╔о ╔в ╔ж╩А╔н╔а╔л ╔Ю╔ж╔Ы╔Ю╔й╔ж╔г╔▒╔╣ ╔Ы ╔д╔й╔Ю╔й ╔о╔▓╔и╩А ╔Э╔Я╔й╔м╔е╔й╔и╔Ы╔ж╔г╔ж╔г ╩Б╩Б ╔н╔Ы ╔и╔Ы╔в╔Э╔Ы╔ж╔г ╔е╔г╔л╔г╔ж╔г╔▒╔а╔╣ ╚╜╔й╔и╔Ы ╔м╔е╔ж╔Ы╔Я╔Ы╔ж╔Ы╔м╔║ ╔в ╔ж╩А╔н╔а╔л ╔Ы╔ж╔а ╔Ь╔о╔ж╔Ы ╔д ╔е╔й╔л╔й╔н╔│╔Ы ╔Ы╔Ь╔а╔н╔е╔Ы ┬│ ╩А╔в ┬▓ ╔ж╩А╔н╔а╔л

╟║╚Ц╚а╚Ю╚Ь╚Э╚Ь╚Щ╚Ц╚а ╟е╚Щ╚О╚Ю╚│╚Ь╚Ы ╚Я╚а╚Р╚Ь╚Ю╚Ц╚Р ╚Ь╚Т╚Ц╚Ы ╚Х ╚Э╚У╚Ю╚ж╚Ц╚г ╚Ь╚Ю╚Ц╚С╚│╚Ы╚О╚Щ╚к╚Ы╚Ц╚г ╚Щ╚│╚а╚У╚Ю╚О╚а╚б╚Ю╚Ы╚Ц╚г ╚а╚Р╚Ь╚Ю╚│╚Р ╚е╚О╚Я╚│╚Р ╟╕╚Ц╚┤╚Р╚Я╚к╚Ш╚Ь╚┤ ╚Т╚У╚Ю╚Ф╚О╚Р╚Ц ┬й╟┐╚Щ╚Ь╚Р╚Ь ╚Э╚Ю╚Ь ╚Х╚О╚Ш╚Ь╚Ы ╚│ ╚П╚Щ╚О╚С╚Ь╚Т╚О╚а╚к┬к ╚Э╚Ь╚е ╚Г╟е ╚Я╚а

╔В╔Ы╔Э╔а╔л╔│╔Ы╔ж╔╖╔и╔г╔д ╔к╔а╔л╩А╔й╔Я ╔п╔й╔л╔з╔о╔Э╔Ы╔и╔и╔║ ╔о╔е╔л╔Ы╩Б╔и╔м╔╖╔е╔й╩Б ╔з╔й╔Э╔г ╔и╔Ы ╔Я╔о╔з╔е╔о ╔Э╔▓╔а╔и╔г╔░ ╔л╔й╔в╔к╔й╔▓╔Ы╔Э╔м╔║ ╔Э ;, ╔м╔н ╩А ╔н╔л╔г╔Э╔Ы╔Э ╔Я╔й ╔е╩А╔и╔▒╔║ ;,,, ╔м╔н ╔В╔Ы ╔▓╔Ы╔м╩А╔Э ╔е╔и╔║╔в╔╣╔Э╔Ы╔и╔и╔║ ╚╜╔й╔ж╔й╔Я╔г╔з╔г╔л╔Ы ╔Э ╔Е╔г╔╛╔Э╩А ╔Я╔ж╔║ ╔е╔и╔║╔в╩А╔Э╔м╔╖╔е╔г╔░ ╩А ╔Ь╔й╔║╔л╔м╔╖╔е╔г╔░ ╔Я╩А╔н╔а╔д ╔Ь╔о╔ж╔й ╔Э╩А╔Я╔е╔л╔г╔н╔й ╔к╔а╔л╔│╔о ╔│╔е╔й╔ж╔о ╔В╔Ы ╔к╔й╔Э╩А╔Я╔й╔з╔ж╔а╔и╔и╔║╔з ╔ж╩А╔н╔й╔к╔г╔м╔▒╔║ ╔е╔и╔║╔в╔╖ ╔Ъ╔л╔й╔м╔ж╔Ы╔Э ╔З╔о╔Я╔л╔г╔д ╔в╔Ы╔м╔и╔о╔Э╔Ы╔Э ╔│╔е╔й╔ж╔о ╔Я╔а ╔и╔Ы╔Э╔▓╔Ы╔ж╔й╔м╔║ ╔Я╩А╔н╔а╔д ╔м╔н╔Ы╔л╔й╔м╔н ╩А ╔м╔Э╔║╔┤╔а╔и╔г╔е╩А╔Э ╔Й╔м╔и╔й╔Э╔о ╔й╔м╔Э╩А╔н╔г ╔м╔н╔Ы╔и╔й╔Э╔г╔ж╔г ╔Ь╔й ╔Ю╔й╔м╔ж╔й╔Э┬╖╔║ ╔п╩А╔ж╔й╔м╔й╔п╩А╔║ ╔л╔г╔н╔й╔л╔г╔е╔Ы ╩А ╔Ю╔л╔Ы╔з╔Ы╔н╔г╔е╔Ы ╚╜╔г╔Э╔▓╔Ы╔ж╔г ╔и╔Ы ╔Л╔о╔м╩А ╔д ╩А╔и╔й╔в╔а╔з╔и╩А ╔з╔й╔Э╔г ╔Е╩А╔ж╔╖╔е╔й╔з╔Ы ╔з╔й╔Э╔Ы╔з╔г ╔Э╔й╔ж╔й╔Я╩А╔Э ╔Ъ╔л╔й╔м╔ж╔Ы╔Э ╔З╔о╔Я╔л╔г╔д ╔Ы ╔д╔й╔Ю╔й ╔м╔г╔и ╚╜╔м╔а╔Э╔й╔ж╔й╔Я ╔о╔Я╔й╔з╔Ы ╔й╔к╔Ы╔и╔о ╔Э╔Ы╔Э ╔к┬╖╔║╔н╔╖ ╩А╔и╔й╔в╔а╔з╔и╔г╔░ ╔з╔й╔Э ╔Й╔м╔а╔л╔а╔Я╔е╔Ы╔з╔г ╔й╔м╔Э╩А╔н╔г ╔и╔Ы ╔Л╔о╔м╩А ╔Ь╔о╔ж╔г ╔▒╔а╔л╔е╔Э╔г ╩А ╔з╔й ╔и╔Ы╔м╔н╔г╔л╩А ╔║╔е╩А ╔н╔Ы╔е╔й╔б ╔м╔к╔л╔г╔║╔ж╔г ╔л╔й╔в╔Э╔г╔н╔е╔о ╔ж╩А╔н╔а╔л╔Ы╔н╔о╔л╔г ╔н╔Ы ╔з╔г╔м╔н╔а╔▒╔н╔Э╔Ы

I ╔У╔и ╔з╔Ъ╔г╔Ы╔┐╔е╔╢╔▓ ╔Ь╔й╔е╔в╔з╔н╔е╔и ╔з╔Ъ ╔й╔и╔▓╔в╔к╔Я╔з╔з╔╣ ╔й╔в╔л╔Я╔ж╔з╔и╔л╔м╔┐ ╔з╔Ъ ╔К╔н╔л╔┐"

╚╝╔г╔ж╔г╔и╔Ы ┬│ ╔м╔н╔Ы╔л╔й╔л╔о╔м╔╖╔е╔Ы ╔а╔к╩А╔▓╔и╔Ы ╔к╩А╔м╔и╔║ ╔м╔е╔Ы╔в╔Ы╔и╔и╔║ ╔к╔л╔й ╔в╔и╔Ы╔з╔а╔и╔и╩А ╔к╔й╔Я╩А╩Б ╔в ╔б╔г╔н ╔н╔║ ╔и╔Ы╔л╔й╔Я╔о ╩А ╔Ю╔а╔л╔й╩Б╔▓╔и╩А ╔к╔й╔Я╔Э╔г╔Ю╔г ╔Ь╔й╔Ю╔Ы╔н╔г╔л╩А╔Э

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) íàïðèê³íö³ Õ – ó ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² ñò.

79

Ɏɬɨɛ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɛ ɭɛ ɧɮɢɣɲɨɛ ɭɝɩɫɲʀɬɭɷ Ɏɬɨɛ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɛ ɭɝɩɫɲʀɬɭɷ ɟɩɜɣ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɨɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨɛ ɜɣɦɣ ɨɣ ɪɠɫɠɥɛɢɣ ɪʀɬɨʀ ɢɛɞɛɟɥɣ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝ·ɺ ɪɫɣɥɛɢɥɣ ɥɛɢɥɣ Ɏ ɜɣɦɣɨɛɰ ɩɬɪʀɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɩɾɨɨʀ ɪɠɫɠ ɧɩɞɣ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɭɛ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɟɫɮɡɣɨ ǰȖȠȭȕȪ țȎ ȞȜȕȒȜȞȳȔȔȳ ȣȡȒ ǰ ǰȎȟțȱȤȜȐ

ȿɩ ɨɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳɣɰ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɞɫɮɪɛ ɜɣɦɣɨ ɪɫɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ʌɫɛɬɨɠ Ɍɩɨɠɲ ɥɩ ɺɥɣɤ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɜɩɞɛɭɣɫɺɧɣ Ȳɦɦɠɹ ɇɮɫɩɧɱɠɧ Ȼɦɷɩɳɩɹ Ɋɩɪɩɝɣɲɠɧ ɭɛ ȿɩɜɫɣɨɠɹ ɇɣɥɣɭɣɲɠɧ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɾ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ɝʀɟ ɝɩɫɩɞʀɝ Ɉɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳɣɧɣ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɪʀɬɠɨɷ ɾ ɩɜɫɺɟɩɝʀ ɺɥʀ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɣ ɴɠ ɝ ɟɩɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥʀ ɲɛɬɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɢʀ ɬɝɺɭɥɮɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɨɛɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɝɠɬɨɣ ʀ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ ɝʀɟ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɬɝɺɭ ɮɫɩɡɛɹ ʀ ɬɩɨɱɺ ɩɜɫɺɟɛɧɣ ɝɠɬʀɦ ɦɺ ʀ ɪɩɰɩɫɩɨɮ ɂɛɞɛɟɥɣ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝ·ɺ ʀ ɪɫɣɥɛɢɥɣ ɮ ɬɭɣɬ ǯȎȏȎ ȍȑȎ ɦʀɤ ʀ ɟɩɭɠɪɨʀɤ ɯɩɫɧʀ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɡɣɭ ɭɾɝɣɤ ɟɩɬɝʀɟ ʀ ɧɮɟɫʀɬɭɷ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ȿɩ ɟɩɜɣ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɝɣɨɣɥ ɨɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɩɧɣɰ ɮɬʀɧ ɥɛɢɩɥ ɪɫɩ ȼɛɜɮ ɚɞɮ ɂɧʀɺ Ⱦɩɫɣɨɣɲɛ Ʌɣɫɣɦɛ Ʌɩɡɮɧ·ɺɥɮ Ƚɠɫɨɣɞɩɫɮ Ʌɩɭɣɞɩɫɩɳɥɛ ɭɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ʀɨ ɳɣɰ Ɏ ɨɣɰ ɫɮɬɣɲʀ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɪɩ ɞɦɺɟɣ ɨɛ ɟɩɜɫɩ ʀ ɢɦɩ ɪɫɛɝɟɮ ʀ ɥɫɣɝɟɮ Ɉɛɫɩɟɨʀ ɥɛɢɥɣ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɜɮɭɣ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɩɧ ǵȚȳȗ DZȜȞȖțȖȥ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀʁ ɪɫɩ ɬɪɫɛɝɡɨʀ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨʀ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɂɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɝ ɬɹɡɠɭʀ ɥɛɢɥɣ ©Ɇɠɭɹɲɣɤ ɥɩɫɛ ɜɠɦɷª ɾ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɢ ɨɛɝɠɟɠɨɩɹ ɝ ©Ɋɩɝʀɬɭʀ ɧɣɨɮɦɣɰ ɦʀɭª ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɟɹ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɧɬɭɮ ɥɨɺɞɣɨʀ ɉɦɷɞɣ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨɛɧ ɢɛ ɝɜɣɝɬɭɝɩ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥɛ Ȳɧɠɨɛ ɞɠɫɩʁɝ ɥɛɢɩɥ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɹɭɷ ɢɫɩɢɮ ɧʀɭɣ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ʁɰɨʀ ɝɲɣɨɥɣ ɝ ɮɺɝɦɠɨɨʀ ɫɮɬɣɲʀɝ ɂɩɥɫɠɧɛ ʀɧ·ɺ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɞɩ ɥɛɢɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɬɩɨɛɡɛ Ʌɩ ɴʀɺ ȼɠɢɬɧɠɫɭɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɫɮɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɦɩɝɛ ©ɥɩɴʀɤª ɺɥɠ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɣɨɩɨʀɧɩɧ ɬɦɩɝɛ ©ɥɩ ɲɩɝɣɥª ǸȜȧȳȗ ǯȓȕȟȚȓȞȠțȖȗ

80

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 2

ɂɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɧɮɢɣɥ ʀ ɭɛɨɱɹɫɣɬɭʀɝ ɨɛ ɯɫɠɬɥɛɰ Ɍɩɯʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɩɜɩɫɮ ɝ Ʌɣɾɝʀ

ȀȎțȤȳ ȟȘȜȚȜȞȜȣȳȐ ȚȳțȳȎȠȬȞȎ ȕ șȳȠȜȝȖȟȡ

Ȳɬɨɮɾ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɬɝʀɟɲɠɨɷ ɪɫɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɜɮɦɛ ɟɦɺ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɠ ɨɛ ɧɮɢɣɲɨɛ ɭɝɩɫɲʀɬɭɷ ɂɞɛɟɥɣ ɪɫɩ ɨɠʁ ɾ ɝ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɛɰ ɨɛ ɧɛɦɹɨɥɛɰ Ɍɩɯʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɩ ɜɩɫɮ ɝ Ʌɣɾɝʀ Ƚʀɟɩɧɩ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨʀ ɪʀɬ ɨʀ ɭɛɨɱʀ ɞɫɛ ɨɛ ɧɮɢɣɲɨɣɰ ʀɨɬɭɫɮɧɠɨɭɛɰ Ɉɛ ɧʀɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɩɴɛɰ ʀ ɝ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɛɦɛ ɱɛɰ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɦɣ ɬɥɩɧɩɫɩɰɣ Ɍɥɩɧɩɫɩɰɣ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɦɣ ɢ ɭɛɨɱɺɧɣ ɝɩ ɟɣɦɣ ɟɫɠɬɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɝɠɟɧɠɟʀɝ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ Ɋɣɬɠɧɨʀ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ ɭɛ ɛɫɰɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɢɨɛɰʀɟɥɣ ɞɩɝɩɫɺɭɷ ɨɛɧ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɭɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɨʀ ɧɮɢɣɲɨʀ ʀɨɬɭɫɮɧɠɨɭɣ ɑɠ ³ ɞɮɬɦʀ ɬɩɪʀɦɥɣ ɞɮɟɥɣ ɭɛ ɜɮɜɨɣ Ɉɛ ɩɟɨʀɤ ɢʀ ɬɭʀɨ Ɍɩɯʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɩɜɩɫɮ ɝ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɩ ɱʀ ɦɣɤ ɛɨɬɛɧɜɦɷ ʀɢ ɬɠɧɣ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɝɱʀɝ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɭɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɢɛɬɮɟɡɮɝɛɭɣ ɤ ɪɠɫɠɬɦʀɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɥɩ ɧɩɫɩɰʀɝ ɢɛ ʁɰɨʀ ©ɬɛɭɛɨɣɨɬɷɥʀª ɢɛɜɛɝɣ Ɋɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɛ ɪɩɳɣ ɫɠɨɨɹ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɰɩɫɩɝɩɞɩ ɬɪʀɝɮ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɝʀɟɩ ɧɛ ɨɩɭɨɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ Ɉɛɝɲɛɨɨɺ ɬɪʀɝɮ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɩɟɨɣɧ ɢ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɩɝɣɰ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭʀɝ ɴɩ ɝɣ ɝɲɛɝɬɺ ɝ ɭɩɞɩɲɛɬɨʀɤ ɳɥɩɦʀ

I əɤɿ ɠɚɧɪɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɬɜɨɪɱɨɫɬɿ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɨ DZȡȟșȭȞȳ ȣȡȒ ǰ ǰȎȟțȱȤȜȐ

DzȓȟȭȠȖțțȎ ȤȓȞȘȐȎ ȞȓȘȜțȟȠȞȡȘȤȳȭ ǽ ȀȜșȜȥȘȎ ǰ ȃȎȞșȎȚȜȐȎ

ɲɢɪɟɧɿ ɡɚ ɱɚɫɿɜ Ɋɭɫɿ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ"

ɋɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɣ ɭɛ ɩɜɫɛɢɩɭɝɩɫɲɩɞɩ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɛ Ȼɫɰɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɭɛ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɨʀ ɢɨɛɰʀɟɥɣ ɬɝʀɟɲɛɭɷ ɪɫɩ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɤ ɫʀɝɠɨɷ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɛɫ ɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɣ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɂɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɥɩɡɠɨ ʀɢ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ©ɞɫɛɟʀɝª ɧɛɝ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɮ ɺɥ ɨɛ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɮ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɨɣɰ ɮɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɷ Ƚɩɨɣ ɬɥɦɛ ɟɛɦɣɬɺ ɢ ɝɛɦʀɝ ɨɛɬɣɪɛɨɣɰ ɨɛ ɟɠɫɠɝ·ɺɨʀ ɥɦʀɭʀ ɤ ɩɭɩɲɠɨɣɰ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɣɧ ɫɩɝɩɧ Ɉɛ ɝɛɦɛɰ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɡɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɠɫɠɝ·ɺɨʀ ɬɭʀɨɣ ɢ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɨɣɧɣ ɝɠɡɛɧɣ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) íàïðèê³íö³ Õ – ó ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² ñò.

Ȼɨɛɦʀɢ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɨɣɰ ɬɝʀɟɲɠɨɷ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɣɝ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɥɛɧ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɩɥ ɴɩ ɪɠɫ ɳɩɹ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɩɹ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥɩɹ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɩɹ ɝ Ʌɣ ɾɝʀ ɜɮɝ ʀɧɩɝʀɫɨɩ ɪɛɦɛɱ ɥɨɺɞɣɨʀ ɉɦɷɞɣ Ɋɠɫɳɩɹ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɩɹ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɩɹ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɩɹ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɺɥ ɝɣ ɝɡɠ ɢɨɛɾɭɠ ɮɝɛ ɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ ȿɠɬɺɭɣɨɨɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɢɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɛ ɨɛ Ɍɭɛɫɩɥɣʁɝɬɷɥʀɤ ɞɩɫʀ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ; ɬɭ Ƚɩɨɛ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɥɫɛɴɩɹ ɜɮɟʀɝɦɠɹ ©ɧʀɬɭɛ Ƚɩ ɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛª ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɛɫɰɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɧ ɫɩɢ ɥɩɪɥɛɧ ɧɣ ɢɨɛɾɧɩ ɴɩ ɭɩ ɜɮɝ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɰɫɛɧ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɤ ɪɫɩɬɭʀɫ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɠɥɫɣ ɝɛɝɬɺ ɢɝɩɟɛɧɣ ɮ ɯɩɫɧʀ ɰɫɠɬɭɛ ɛ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɺɾ ɴɩ ɝʀɨ ɧɛɝ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɥɮɪɩɦʀɝ Ɋʀɟɦɩɞɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɠɨɩ ɧɩɢɛʁɥɩɹ ɢ ɥɩ ɦɷɩɫɩɝɩɞɩ ɧɛɫɧɮɫɮ ɨɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩʁ ɥɫɛɬɣ ɛ ɬɭʀɨɣ ɫɩɢɪɣɬɛɨɩ ɯɫɠɬɥɛɧɣ Ɏ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɛɫɰɠɩɦɩɞɣ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɝɣɺɝɣɦɣ ɢɛ ɦɣɳɥɣ ɟɝɩɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɛɦɛɱʀɝ ʀɢ ɪɩ ɝɢɟɩɝɡɨʀɧɣ ɯɛɬɛɟɨɣɧɣ ɞɛɦɠɫɠɺɧɣ ɢɜɮ ɟɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ; ² ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;, ɬɭ Ɍɪɫɛɝɡɨʀɧ ɳɠɟɠɝɫɩɧ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɣ ɋɮ ɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ Ɍɩɯʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɩɜɩɫ ɮ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɂɛɥɦɛɟɛɹɲɣ ɬɩɜɩɫ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɚɫɩ ɬɦɛɝ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɝ ɤɩɧɮ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɠ ʀ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɠ ɧʀɬ ɱɠ ɝ ©ɧʀɬɭʀ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛª ɍɩɧɮ ɰɩɲ ɜɣ ɥɫʀɢɷ ɺɥʀ ɝɩɫɩɭɛ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɨɣɥ ɨɠ ɝɰɩɟɣɝ ɮ Ʌɣʁɝ ɤɩɧɮ ɪɠɫɳ ɢɛ ɝɬɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɟɨɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩɥɮ ɪɩɦɷɨɮ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɮ Ɍɩɯʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɩɜɩɫɮ ɂɩɝ ɨʀ ɬɩɜɩɫ ɝɣɫʀɢɨɺɝɬɺ ɝɣɨɺɭɥɩɝɩɹ ɥɫɛɬɩɹ Ƚʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɢɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɢ ɱɠɞɦɣ ɪɦʀɨɯɣ ɑɠ ɜɮɝ ɝɠɦɣɲɨɣɤ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɩ ɥɮɪɩɦɷɨɣɤ ɰɫɛɧ

81

ǿȣȓȚȎ ȜȏȜȞȜțțȖȣ ȡȘȞȳȝșȓțȪ

Ɍɥɩɧɩɫɩɰɣ ³ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɨʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɛɥɭɩɫɣ ʀ ɧɮɢɣɥɛɨɭɣ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ Ȼɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɛ ³ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɩ ɪɫɩɠɥɭɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɰɮɟɩɡɨɷɩɞɩ ɩɢɟɩɜɦɠɨɨɺ ɜɮɟʀɝɠɦɷ ɜɮɟʀɝɠɦɷɨɠ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɩ ɏɫɠɬɥɛ ³ ɥɛɫɭɣɨɛ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɨɛ ɯɛɫɜɛɧɣ ɝɩɟɺɨɣɧɣ ɛɜɩ ɨɛ ɝɛɪɨɺɨɩɧɮ ɧɩ ɦɩɱʀ ɨɛ ɬɝʀɡʀɤ ɝɩɞɥʀɤ ɳɭɮɥɛɭɮɫɱʀ

82

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 2

ɇɩɢɛʁɥɛ ³ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɛɜɩ ɝʀɢɠɫɮɨɩɥ ɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɣɤ ɢ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɴʀɦɷɨɩ ɪɫɣɪɛɬɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɩɟɣɨ ɟɩ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ʀ ɢɛɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɣɰ ɨɛ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɫɩɢɲɣɨʀ ɫʀɢɨɩ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɩɝɣɰ ɳɧɛɭɩɲɥʀɝ ɬɥɦɛ ɧɛɫɧɮɫɮ ɥɛɧʀɨɱʀɝ ɭɩɴɩ Ȳɥɩɨɩɪɣɬ ³ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɩ ɧɛɦɹɝɛɨɨɺ ʀɥɩɨ Ȳɥɩɨɛ ³ ɮ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝ·ʁ ɭɛ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɣɢɧʀ ɡɣɝɩɪɣɬɨɠ ɧɩɢɛʁɲɨɠ ɛɜɩ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ ɨɠ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɐɫɣɬɭɛ ȼɩɞɩɫɩɟɣɱʀ ɬɝɺɭɣɰ ʀ ɪɩɟʀɤ ɢʀ Ɍɝɺɭɩɞɩ Ɋɣɬɷɧɛ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɪɩɥɦɩɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɫɺɨɣ ȼɛɭɷɥʀɝɴɣɨɛ ʀɥɩɨ ³ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɺ Ɉɛ ɋɮɬʀ ʀɥɩɨɣ ɪɣɬɛɦɣ ɬɺ ɨɛ ɟɩɳɥɛɰ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɤ ɪɫɩɬɭʀɫ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɝɬɺ ɢ ɪ·ɺɭɣ ɨɠɯʀɝ ³ ɪɩɝɢɟɩɝɡɨʀɰ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫʀɝ ɧʀɡ ɫɺɟɛɧɣ ɬɭɩɝɪʀɝ Ȳɢ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɢɛɰɩɟɮ ɤ ɪʀɝɟɨɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɩɭɩɲɮɝɛɝ ɪɩɟɝʀɤɨɣɤ ɫɺɟ ɞɛɦɠɫɠɤ ɛ ɢɝɠɫɰɮ ɝʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɮɝʀɨɲɛɨɣɤ ɭɫɣɨɛɟɱɺɭɷɧɛ ɥɮɪɩɦɛɧɣ Ƚɫɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀɬɭɹ ɩɜɫɛɢʀɝ ɧɩɢɛʁɥɣ ʀ ɯɫɠɬɥɣ Ɍɩɯʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɩɜɩɫɮ Ɉɛ ɲʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ ɮ ɰɫɛɧʀ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɠ ɧɩɢɛʁɥɣ ɐɫɣɬɭɛ Ɋɛɨɭɩɥɫɛɭɩɫɛ Ƚɬɠɟɠɫ ɡɣɭɠɦɺ ʀ ɇɛɫʀʁ ɉɫɛɨɭɣ ȼɩɞɩɧɛɭɠɫʀ ɂɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɱʀ Ɏ ɧɩɢɛʁɥɛɰ Ɍɩɯʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɩɜɩ ɫɮ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɣ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɦɣ ɬɧɛɦɷɭɮ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɩɝɠ ɬɥɦɩ ɝʀɟɭʀɨɥʀɝ ȼɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɧ2 ɮ ɬɩɜɩɫʀ ɢɛɤɧɛɦɣ ɯɫɠɬɥɣ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝʀɬɭɹ Ɍɩɯʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɩɜɩɫɮ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɛɹɭɷ ɝɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɧɩɢɛʁɥɣ ʀ ɯɫɠɬɥɣ ɢɛ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩɹ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɾɹ ʁɰ ɨɠ ɪɩɾɟɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɝ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɰɫɛɧʀ

ɐɟɪɤɜɚ ɫɜ Ɏɟɞɨɪɚ

ɋɨɮɿɣɫɶɤɿ ɜɨɪɨɬɚ Ⱦɟɫɹɬɢɧɧɚ ɰɟɪɤɜɚ

Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɿɜɫɶɤɿ ɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɉɚɥɚɰɢ

Ȼɨɹɪɫɶɤɿ ɞɜɨɪɢ

Ɍɪɶɨɯɫɜɹɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɶɤɚ ɰɟɪɤɜɚ

ɏɪɟɫɬɨɜɨɡɞɜɢɠɟɧɫɶɤɚ ɰɟɪɤɜɚ

©ǺȳȟȠȜ ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞȎª ȟȣȓȚȎ

I Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɦɚɥɸɧɨɤ ɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɟɤɫɤɭɪɫɿɸ ©Ɇɿɫɬɨ ȼɨɥɨɞɢɦɢɪɚª

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) íàïðèê³íö³ Õ – ó ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² ñò.

ȿɩɝɥɩɦɛ Ɍɩɯʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɩɜɩɫɮ ɨɛ ɲɠɬɭɷ ɬɝɺɭɣɰ ɢɛɰɣɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɇɮɟɫɩɞɩ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɫɮɡɣ ɨɣ Ȳɨɞʀɞɠɫɟɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɛɨɩ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀ ɢ ɰɫɛɧɛɧɣ Ⱦɠɩɫɞʀɺ ɭɛ Ȳɫɣɨɣ Ȼɫɰɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɫɩɢɥɩɪɥɣ ɝɣɺɝɣɦɣ ɴɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɬɰɩɡʀ ɨɛ Ɍɩɯʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɩɜɩɫ ɛɦɠ ɧɛɦɣ ɧɠɨɳʀ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɣ Ʌɫʀɧ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɝ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ;, ɬɭ ɢɛ ɪɫɣɥɦɛɟɩɧ Ɍɩɯʀʁ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɝɠɟɠɨɩ ɩɟɨɩɤɧɠɨɨʀ ɬɩɜɩɫɣ ɝ Ɋɩɦɩɱɷɥɮ ɭɛ Ɉɩɝɞɩɫɩɟʀ Ɏ ; ² ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;, ɬɭ ɮ ɰɫɛɧɩɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝʀ Ʌɣ ʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɟɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɭɫɛ ɟɣɱʀɤ ȳɰ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɩɧʀɭɣɭɣ ɝ ɜɮɟʀɝɦɺɰ ȿɠɬɺɭɣɨɨɩʁ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɝ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɭɛ Ɍɪɛɬɩ Ɋɫɠɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɩɜɩɫɮ ɝ ɒɠɫɨʀɞɩɝʀ ² ɂɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ Ɍɩɯʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɩ ɜɩɫɮ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɩɹ ɪɠɫɠɰʀɟɨɩɹ ɧɠɡɠɹ ɭɛ ɮɨɛɩɲ ɨɣɦɩ ɪɩɺɝɮ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɤ ɝ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥ ɭɮɫʀ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ȿɩ ɺɬɥɫɛɝɣɰ ʀ ɨɠɪɩɝɭɩɫɨɣɰ ɺɝɣɴ ɩɜɫɛɢɩɭɝɩɫɲɩ ɞɩ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɛ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɥɫʀɧ ɧɩɢɛʁɥ ʀ ɯɫɠ ɬɩɥ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ʀɥɩɨɩɪɣɬ Ɍɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ʀɥɩɨɣ ɢɛɝɩɢɣɦɣɬɺ ɢ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɭɛ ȼɩɦɞɛ ɫʀʁ ɛɦɠ ɨɠɝɟɩɝɢʀ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɧʀɬɱɠɝʀ ɭɫɛ ɟɣɱʀʁ ʀɥɩɨɩɪɣɬɮ ɋɮɬɷɥʀ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɣ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɟɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛ ɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɛɨɩɨɮ ɭɝɠɫɟɩ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɛ ɴɩ ɬɦɮɞɮɝɛɦɩ ɝɢʀɫɱɠɧ ʀɥɩɨɩɪɣɬɮ ɺɥɣɤ ɩɜɠɫʀɞɛɝɬɺ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɩɹ ɱɠɫɥɝɩɹ ɛɦɠ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɥɩɪʀɹɝɛɦɣ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ʀɥɩɨ Ɉɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳɛ ɢ ʀɥɩɨ ɴɩ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɛɬɺ ɢ ɲɛɬʀɝ Ʌɣʁɝ ɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ³ ɱɠ ɐɩɦɧɬɷɥɛ ʀɥɩɨɛ ȼɩɡɩʁ ɇɛɭɠɫʀ ɐȲ ɬɭ ɤɧɩɝʀɫɨɩ ɪɫɣɝɠɢɠɨɛ ɢ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɝ ɟɛɫ ɥɨɺɢɹ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɮ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɧɮ Ʌɩɦɷɩɫɣ ɺɥʀ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ʀɥɩɨɩɪɣɬʀ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɪɠɝɨɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ Ɉɛɤɝɣɴɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɢɛ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɢɛɤɧɛɾ ɢɩɦɩɭɣɤ ɛɜɩ ɡɩɝɭɣɤ ɺɥɣɤ ɬɣɧɝɩɦʀɢɮɾ ɑɛɫɬɭɝɩ Ɉɠɜɠɬɨɠ ɔɩ ɜɦɣɡɲɠ ɟɩ ɢɩɦɩɭɩɞɩ ɜɮɝ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɨɛ ʀɥɩɨʀ ʀɨɳɣɤ ɥɩɦʀɫ ɭɩ ɝɛɞɩɧʀɳɣɧ ɝʀɨ ɮɝɛɡɛɝɬɺ ȼʀɦɣɤ ɥɩɦʀɫ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ Ɋɫɠɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ Ⱦɩɬɪɩɟɨɾ ³ ɭɩɤ ɬɭɛɨ ɥɩɦɣ ɢɠɧɨɛ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɛ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɝɣɴɮ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɮ Ɍɣɨʀɤ ɬɣɧɝɩɦʀɢɮɾ ɨɠɜɠɬɛ ɛ ɜɦɛɥɣɭɨɣɤ ʀ ɢɠɦɠɨɣɤ ³ ɮɬɠ ɢɠɧɨɠ Ɋɮɫɪɮɫɩɝɣɤ ɥɩɦʀɫ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩ ɝɮɹɭɷ ɟɦɺ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɱɛɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɒɠɫɝɩɨɣɤ ɧɛɝ

83

ǰțȡȠȞȳȦțȳȗ ȐȖȑșȭȒ ǿȜȢȳȗȟȪȘȜȑȜ ȟȜȏȜȞȡ Ȑ ǸȖȱȐȳ

ǼȞȎțȠȎ ȚȜȕȎȴȘȎ Ȑ ǿȜȢȳȗȟȪȘȜȚȡ ȟȜȏȜȞȳ Ȑ ǸȖȱȐȳ

ȃȞȖȟȠȜȟ ǽȎțȠȜȘȞȎȠȜȞ ȚȜȕȎȴȘȎ Ȑ ǿȜȢȳȗȟȪȘȜȚȡ ȟȜȏȜȞȳ Ȑ ǸȖȱȐȳ

84

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 2

ɟɝɛ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɜɩɡɠɬɭɝɠɨɨɩʁ ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ ɡɣɭ ɭɾɟɛɤɨɩʁ ɬɣɦɣ ʀ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɣ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɢɩɜɫɛ ɡɠɨɨɺ ɬɝɺɭɣɰ ɧɮɲɠɨɣɥʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɪɫɩɦɣɦɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɥɫɩɝ ɢɛ ɝʀɫɮ ɐɫɣɬɭɩɝɮ Ȱɟɣɨɣɧ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɩɧ ɴɩ ɧɛɝ ɨɠɞɛɭɣɝɨɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɝɝɛɡɛɝɬɺ ɲɩɫ ɨɣɤ Ƚʀɨ ɬɣɧɝɩɦʀɢɮɝɛɝ ɬɥɩɫɜɩɭɮ ɛɜɩ ɪɠɥɦɩ Ɉɛ ʀɥɩɨɛɰ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛ ɭɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɫʀɟɥɩ

I ǿȜȢȳȗȟȪȘȖȗ ȟȜȏȜȞ ȡ ǻȜȐȑȜȞȜȒȳ ȟȡȥȎȟțȖȗ ȐȖȑșȭȒ

ɤɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɦɚɥɚ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɧɚ ə ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɚɪɯɿɬɟɤɬɭɪɢ ɿ ɦɢɫɬɟɰɬɜɚ ɱɚɫɿɜ Ʉɢʀɜɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ"

ȼɂɋɇɈȼɄɂ Ɋɣɬɠɧɨʀɬɭɷ ɮ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɛ ɢɛɟɩɝɞɩ ɟɩ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɭɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣ ɺɨɬɭɝɛ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɩɰɫɠɴɠɨɨɺ ɋɮɬʀ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɩɧ ɭɩɞɩɲɛɬɨɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɪɣɬɷɧɛ ɪɩɲɛɦɛ ɝɣɭʀɬɨɺɭɣɬɺ ɥɣɫɣɦɣɱɠɹ ȿɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɰɩɟɮ ɧɩɝɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɢɛɬɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɛɧɣ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɣɦɣ ɝɲɠɨɣɧ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɣɭɣ ɺɝɣɴɛ ɺɥʀ ɬɝʀɟɲɛɭɷ ɪɫɩ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɧɩɝɣ ȿɩ ɝɛɞɩɧɣɰ ɢɟɩɜɮɭɥʀɝ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɋɮɬʀ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ʁʁ ɮɬɨɛ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɛ ɭɛ ɧɮɢɣɲ ɨɛ ɭɝɩɫɲʀɬɭɷ Ɏ ɨɣɰ ɝɜɛɲɛɹɭɷ ɝɣɭɩɥɣ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩɞɩ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɯɩɦɷɥɦɩɫɮ Ƚɣɬɩɥɩɞɩ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɣ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɛ ɭɛ ɩɜɫɛɢɩɭɝɩɫɲɠ ɧɣɬ ɭɠɱɭɝɩ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɋɮɬɷɥʀ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɲʀ ɭɛ ɰɮɟɩɡɨɣɥɣ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɮ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɭɝɩɫɲɩɬɭʀ ɨɛɟɜɛɨɨɺ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɧɛɤɬɭɫʀɝ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɹɲɣ ʀ ɝɟɩɬɥɩ ɨɛɦɹɹɲɣ ʁɰɨʀ ɭɝɩɫɲʀ ɢɛɬɩɜɣ ɁȺɄɊȱɉɂɆɈ ɁɇȺɇɇə DzȜ ȭȘȜȑȜ ȟȠȜșȳȠȠȭ țȎșȓȔȎȠȪ ȝȓȞȦȳ ȝȜȐȳȒȜȚșȓțțȭ ȝȞȜ țȎȭȐțȳȟȠȪ ȐșȎȟțȜȴ ȝȖȟȓȚțȜȟȠȳ ȡ ȟȣȳȒțȖȣ ȟșȜȐ·ȭț" ǵȎ ȝȞȎȐșȳțțȭ ȭȘȜȑȜ Șțȭȕȭ țȎ Ǿȡȟȳ ȏȡșȜ ȐȳȒȘȞȖȠȜ ȝȓȞȦȡ ȦȘȜșȡ Ȓșȭ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȪȘȖȣ ȳ ȏȜȭȞȟȪȘȖȣ ȒȳȠȓȗ" ǽȞȜ ȧȜ ȜȝȜȐȳȒȎșȜȟȭ Ȑ ȞȡȟȪȘȖȣ ȏȖșȖțȎȣ" ǸȜȑȜ țȎ Ǿȡȟȳ țȎȕȖȐȎșȖ ȟȘȜȚȜȞȜȣȎȚȖ" ȍȘȖȗ ȣȞȎȚ ȏȡȐ ȑȜșȜȐțȜȬ ȜȘȞȎȟȜȬ ǸȖȱȐȎ" ȇȜ ȠȎȘȓ ȚȜȕȎȴȘȎ ȢȞȓȟȘȎ" ȅȖȬ ȠȞȎȒȖȤȳȬ țȎȟșȳȒȡȐȎșȜ ȳȘȜțȜȝȖȟȎțțȭ ȥȎȟȳȐ Ǿȡȟȳ ȁȘȞȎȴțȖ"

ÏÐÀÊÒÈ×ÍÅ ÇÀÍßÒÒß ¹2 ÓßÂÍÀ ÏÎÄÎÐÎÆ ÊȪÂÎÌ ×ÀѲ ßÐÎÑËÀÂÀ ÌÓÄÐÎÃÎ ɐȲȿ ɋɉȼɉɍɃ

ɉɢɨɛɤɩɧɣɭɣɬɺ ɢ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɣɧ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɩɧ ɏɫɩɨɭɛɦɷɨɛ ɫɩɜɩɭɛ ɢ ɥɦɛɬɩɧ

ɋɩɢɞɦɺɨɮɭɣ ɫɠɥɩɨɬɭɫɮɥɱʀɹ ɪɛɨɩɫɛɧɣ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɇɮɟɫɩɞɩ ɥɩɧɪ·ɹɭɠɫɨɛ ɪɫɠɢɠɨɭɛɱʀɺ

Ɍɪɣɫɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɛɭɦɛɬ ɥɛɫɭɛ ©Ʌɣʁɝ ɮ ɐ ɐȲ ²ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ª ɬɥɦɛɟʀɭɷ ɧɛɫɳɫɮɭ ɪʀɳɩʁ ɠɥɬɥɮɫɬʀʁ ɧʀɬɭɩɧ Ƚɣɢɨɛɲɭɠ ɭɫɣ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɢɮɪɣɨɥɣ

Ʉɢʀɜ ɜ ɏ± ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɏȱ ɫɬ Ʉɢʀɜ ɜ ɏȱ ɫɬ Ⱦɟɫɹɬɢɧɧɚ ɰɟɪɤɜɚ

ɋɨɮɿɣɫɶɤɿ ɜɨɪɨɬɚ

Ʌɶɜɿɜɫɶɤɿ ɜɨɪɨɬɚ

ɋɨɮɿɣɫɶɤɢɣ ɫɨɛɨɪ

Ɂɨɥɨɬɿ ɜɨɪɨɬɚ

Ʉɪɿɩɨɫɧɿ ɫɬɿɧɢ ɿ ɜɨɪɨɬɚ

ǸȖȴȐ Ȑ ;,²;,, ȟȠ

ɐɟɪɤɜɢ

Ʉɚɦ¶ɹɧɿ ɩɚɥɚɰɢ

ǽșȎț ǸȖȱȐȎ

Ɍɪɣɫɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɪɩɟɛɨʀ ʀɦɹɬɭɫɛɱʀʁ ɬ ɬɥɦɛɟʀɭɷ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɜɛ ɲɠɨɠ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɪɩɟɩɫɩɡʀ Ʌɣɾɝɩɧ Ɋɫɩ ɺɥʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɟɛɹɭɷ ɮɺɝɦɠɨɨɺ ʀɦɹɬɭɫɛɱʀʁ"

ɚɥʀ ɜɮɟʀɝɦʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɩɥɫɛɬɩɹ ©ɧʀɬɭɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛª ɛ ɺɥʀ ©ɧʀɬɭɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛª"

ɂɫɩɜʀɭɷ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɩɥ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ ɟɩ ɧɠɭɣ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ

86

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 2

ÇÀÏÈÒÀÍÍß ÒÀ ÇÀÂÄÀÍÍß ÄËß ÓÇÀÃÀËÜÍÅÍÍß ÇÀ ÒÅÌÎÞ «ÊȯÂÑÜÊÀ ÄÅÐÆÀÂÀ (ÐÓÑÜ-ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ) ÍÀÏÐÈʲÍÖ² X – Ó ÏÅÐØ²É ÏÎËÎÂÈͲ XI ÑÒ.» Ɍɥɦɛɟʀɭɷ ɪɠɫɠɦʀɥ ɪɩɟʀɤ ɢ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɥʀɨɱɺ ; ² ɪɠɫɳɩʁ ɪɩ ɦɩɝɣɨɣ ;, ɬɭ ɺɥʀ ɝɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɾɭɠ ɨɛɤɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳɣɧɣ ɉɜʊɫɮɨɭɮɤɭɠ ɬɝʀɤ ɝɣɜʀɫ Ɋɩɺɬɨʀɭɷ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɨɺɭɷ ʀ ɭɠɫɧʀɨʀɝ ©ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɩª ©ɬɝɺɴɠɨɣɥª ©ɧɣɭ ɫɩɪɩɦɣɭª ©ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫª ©ɲɠɫɨɠɱɷª ©ɞɫɛɯʀɭʀª ©ɧɩɢɛʁɥɛª ©ɝɠɫɬɭɝɣª ©ɜɩɺɫɣª ©ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɩ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɧɩɝɛª ©ɥɨɣɡɥɩɝʀ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɣª ©ɂɧʀɾɝʀ ɝɛɦɣª ©ɳɦɹɜ ɨɛ ɟɣɪɦɩɧɛɭʀɺª ©ɋɮɬɷɥɛ ɪɫɛɝɟɛª ©ɬɩɱʀɛɦɷɨɛ ɝɠɫɬɭɝɛª ©ɯɫɠɬɥɛª ©ʀɥɩɨɛª ɚɥɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɦɩ ɟɦɺ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɢɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ" ɂɛ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɩɧ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɥʀɨɱɺ ; ² ɪɠɫɳɩʁ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɣ ;, ɬɭ ɫɩɢɥɫɣɤɭɠ ɫɩɦɷ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɝ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɧɮ ɡɣɭɭʀ ɚɥɣɧɣ ɨɛ ɝɛɳɮ ɟɮɧɥɮ ɾ ɪʀɟɬɭɛɝɣ ɟɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɛɜɣ ɬɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɝɛɭɣ ɴɩ ɥɮɦɷɭɮ ɫɛ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɛ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɞɩ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ" Ƚɣɥɩɨɛɤɭɠ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɢɛ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɩɹ ɥɛɫɭɩɹ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) íàïðèê³íö³ Õ – ó ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² ñò.

87

ɚɥ ɢɧʀɨɣɦɛɬɺ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ; ² ɮ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣ ɨʀ ;, ɬɭ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɢ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨʀɧ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɩɧ ʁʁ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ" Ɉɛɢɝʀɭɷ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɨʀ ɟɩ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɢɛ ɥɨɺɢɹɝɛɨɨɺ Ƚɩ ɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɭɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ Ɋɩɥɛɡʀɭɷ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭʀ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɭɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ Ɉɛɢɝʀɭɷ ɫɩɥɣ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɭɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ Ɋɩɫʀɝɨɺɤɭɠ ʁɰɨɹ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɹ ɭɛ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨɹ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɮ Ƚɣɢɨɛɲɭɠ ʁʁ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɨɛ ɬɦʀɟɥɣ Ɍɥɦɛɟʀɭɷ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɣ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɭɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɺɥ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɩɬɭɠɤ ɭɛ ʀɬ ɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɟʀɺɲʀɝ ɚɥɛ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ ɢ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɮ ʀɦɹɬɭɫɮɾ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ"

Ȼ

Ƚ

ȼ

Ⱦ

Ɉɛɝɠɟʀɭɷ ɯɛɥɭɣ ɺɥʀ ɪʀɟɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɹɭɷ ɟɮɧɥɮ ɴɩ ɢɛ ɥɨɺɢɹɝɛɨɨɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣ ɫɛ ɭɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɛ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭɮ ɒɩɧɮ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɮ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɧɮ ɭɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɮ ɇɮɟɫɩɧɮ ɴɩɜɣ ɬɭɮɪɣɭɣ ɨɛ ɪɫɠ ɬɭɩɦ ɟɩɝɩɟɣɦɩɬɺ ɝɠɬɭɣ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ" ɂ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɨɛɫɩɟɛɧɣ ɝɠɦɣ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɭɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɇɮ ɟɫɣɤ" ɚɥʀ ʁʁ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɣ"

ÒÅÑÒβ ÇÀÂÄÀÍÍß ÄÎ ÒÅÌÈ «ÊȯÂÑÜÊÀ ÄÅÐÆÀÂÀ (ÐÓÑÜ-ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ) ÍÀÏÐÈʲÍÖ² X – Ó ÏÅÐØ²É ÏÎËÎÂÈͲ XI ÑÒ.» ɔɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɣɧ ɮ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɤ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɱʀ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ʀ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɇɮɟɫɩɞɩ" Ȼ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɨɛ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷ ȼ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢɛ ɒɠɫɝɠɨɬɷɥʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ƚ ɢɛɪɫɩɳɠɨɨɺ ɧʀɬʀɩɨɠɫʀɝ ʀɢ ɋɣɧɛ Ⱦ ɝʀɟɬʀɲ ɛɞɫɠɬʀʁ ɝɛɫɺɞʀɝ ɚɥʀ ɥɩɲɩɝʀ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛ ɝɲɣɨɺɦɣ ɨɛɪɛɟɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨʀ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɣ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛ ɝɣ ɢɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ" Ȼ ɰɩɢɛɫɣ ȼ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞɣ Ƚ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀ Ⱦ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɐɭɩ ɢ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɢɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɣɝ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɮ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦɩɨɛɬɦʀɟɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɪɠ ɫɠɟɜɛɲɛɦɛ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɨɨɺ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɢɛ ɬɭɛɫɳɣɨɬɭɝɩɧ" Ȼ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ɐɩɫɩɜɫɣɤ ȼ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ Ƚ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɇɮɟɫɣɤ Ⱦ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ ɍɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ ɺɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɣɰ ɬɩɹɢʀɝ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɮɝʀɤɳɦɛ ɟɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɮ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɢɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɥɨɺɢɹɝɛɨɨɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɭɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɇɮ ɟɫɩɞɩ" Ȼ ɭɣɝɠɫɱʀɝ ʀ ɮɦɣɲʀɝ ȼ ɝɩɦɣɨɺɨ ɭɛ ɜʀɦɣɰ ɰɩɫɝɛɭʀɝ Ƚ ɬʀɝɠɫɺɨ ʀ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨ Ⱦ ɪɩɦɺɨ ʀ ɝ·ɺɭɣɲʀɝ ɔɩ ɢɛɝɛɟɣɦɩ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɮ ɇɮɟɫɩɧɮ ɬʀɬɭɣ ɨɛ ɬɭʀɦ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɜɛɭɷɥɛ" Ȼ ɝʀɟɬɮɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɤɩɞɩ ʀɧɠɨʀ ɝ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɭʀ ɜɛɭɷɥɛ ȼ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɧɛɬɩɝɣɰ ɨɛɜʀɞʀɝ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞʀɝ ɨɛ ɋɮɬɷ Ƚ ɝʀɤɨɛ ɢ ɝɛɫɺɞɛɧɣ ɢɛ ɥɩɨɭɫɩɦɷ ɨɛɟ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɣɧ ɳɦɺɰɩɧ ©ʀɢ ɝɛɫɺɞʀɝ ɮ ɞɫɠɥɣª Ⱦ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢ ɜɫɛɭɛɧɣ ɢɛ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɭʀɦ ɂɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɇɮɟɫɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɡɠɨɩ Ȼ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɩ ɺɥ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɮ ɫɠɦʀɞʀɹ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ȼ ɪɣɬɛɨɣɤ ɢɜʀɫɨɣɥ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɛɥɩɨʀɝ Ƚ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɮ ɢɜɣɫɛɨɨɺ ɟɛɨɣɨɣ ɢ ɪʀɟɝɦɛɟɨɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ³ ɪɩɦɹɟɟɺ Ⱦ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɹ ɬɥɦɣɥɛɨɨɺ ɢ·ʁɢɟʀɝ ɬɨɠɧʀɝ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɂɩɝɨʀɳɨɷɩɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɮ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɺɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɩʁ ɥɛɫɭɣ" Ȼ ɉɦɠɞɛ ɭɛ Ȳɞɩɫɺ ȼ ɉɦɷɞɣ ɭɛ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ Ƚ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɭɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɇɮɟɫɩɞɩ Ⱦ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɣɲʀɝ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) íàïðèê³íö³ Õ – ó ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² ñò.

89

8. ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɺɥɣɧ ɩɜɬɭɛɝɣɨɛɧ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɇɮɟɫɣɤ ɮ ɫ ©ɬɭɛɝ ɾɟɣɨɩɝɦɛɟɨɣɧ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫɠɧ ɋɮɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɠɧɦʀª" Ȼ ɮɬɪɛɟɥɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɩɝɣɲɛ ȼ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɢɜʀɫɨɣɥɛ ɢɛɥɩɨʀɝ ©ɋɮɬɷɥɛ ɪɫɛɝɟɛª Ƚ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ʌɣɾɝɩ Ɋɠɲɠɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫɺ Ⱦ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɣ ɨɛɟ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞɛɧɣ ɮ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɪʀɟ Ʌɣɾɝɩɧ 9. ©ȼɛɭɷɥɩ ɧʀɤ ɪɩɧɠɫ ɛ Ɍɝɺɭɩɪɩɦɥ ɬɣɟɣɭɷ ɮ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɮɜɣɝɛɹɲɣ ɜɫɛɭʀɝ ɬɝɩʁɰ«ª ³ ɮɫɣɝɩɥ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ ɝɣɪɫɛɝɟɩɝɮɾ ɝɬɭɮɪ ɮ ɧʀɡɮɬɩɜɨɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢɛ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɭʀɦ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ȼ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ȼ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɇɮɟɫɩɞɩ Ƚ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ Ⱦ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ Ȳɞɩɫɩɝɣɲɛ 10. ȿɩɨɷɱʀ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɪɣɬɛɝ ɭɛɥɩɞɩ ɦɣɬɭɛ Ɋɛɪɛ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɣɤ ɇɣɥɩɦɛ ȲȲ ©ɒɮɭɥɛ ɪɫɩ ɝɛɳʀ ɲɠɬɨɩɭɣ ɲɮɟɩɝɛ ɟʀɝɩ ɟʀɤɳɦɛ ɟɩ ɨɛɳɣɰ ɝɮɰ ʀ ɢ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɫɛɟʀɬɭɹ ɲɮɾɧɩ ɧɣ ɴɩ ɝɣ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɾɭɠ ɝ ɱʀɤ ɟɮɡɠ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥʀɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ >ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ@ ɬɝɩʁ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥʀ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ɢ ɪɩɰɝɛɦɷɨɣɧ ɢɛɝɢɺɭɭɺɧ ʀ ɲɮɟɩɝɣɧ ɫɩɢɮɧɩɧª" Ȼ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ ȼ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ Ƚ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɇɮɟɫɩɞɩ Ⱦ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ

90

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 2

Ɏɬɭɛɨɩɝʀɭɷ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɧʀɡ ɪɩɟʀɺɧɣ ɭɛ ʁɰɨʀɧɣ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥɛɧɣ Ȼ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɨɛ ɪɦɠɧ·ɺ ɝ·ɺɭɣɲʀɝ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɍɧɮɭɛɫɛɥɛɨ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ȼ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɨɛ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛ ɝɩɦɣɨɺɨ ɭɛ ɜʀɦɣɰ ɰɩɫɝɛɭʀɝ Ƚ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɨɛ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛ ɮɦɣɲʀɝ ʀ ɭɣɝɠɫɱʀɝ Ⱦ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɭɛ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ ɋɮɬʀ Ɍɦɛɝʀʁ ɭɛ Ʌɮɺɝʀʁ

ʉ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɪɩɦɺɨ ɟɠɫɠɝɦɺɨ ʀ ɬʀɝɠɫɺɨ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ɏɬɭɛɨɩɝʀɭɷ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɟʀɤ Ȼ ©Ʌɩɦɣ ɡ ɩɰɫɠɬɭɣɦɣ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɝ Ʌɩɫɬɮɨʀ ɭɩ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɦɣ ɤɩɧɮ ɝʀɫɮ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɮ ɥɛɡɮɲɣ ɭɛɥ ´ɐɛɤ ɨɠ ɬɪɩɥɮɬɺɭɷ ɭɠɜɠ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɢ ɾɫɠɭɣ ɥʀɝ Ȼ ɭɣ ɝʀɫɮɤ ɭɛɥ ɞɩɝɩɫɺɲɣ ´Ƚʀɫɮɹ ɝɩ ɾɟɣɨɩɞɩ ȼɩɞɛ ɉɭɱɺ Ƚɬɠɟɠɫ ɡɣɭɠɦɺ ɍɝɩɫɱɺ ɨɠɜɛ ʀ ɢɠɧɦʀµª ȼ ©Ȳ ɬɭɛɝ ɥɨɺɡɣɭɣ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɮ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɩɟɣɨ Ȳ ɪɩɬɭɛɝɣɝ ɝʀɨ ɥɮɧɣɫɣ ɨɛ ɪɛɞɩɫɜʀ ɪɩɢɛ ɟɝɩɫɩɧ ɭɠɫɠɧɨɣɧ Ɋɠɫɮɨɛ ɟɠɫɠɝ·ɺɨɩɞɩ ʀ ɐɩɫɬɛ ʀ ȿɛɡɜɩɞɛ ʀ Ɍɭɫɣɜɩɞɛ ʀ Ɍɣɧɛɫɞɦɛ ʀ ɇɛɥɩɳ Ȳ ɪɫɣɨɩɬɣɦɣ ʁɧ ɦɹɟɣ ɡɠɫɭɝɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɲɣ ʁɰ ɜɩɞɛɧɣ ʀ ɪɫɣɝɩɟɣɦɣ ɬɣɨʀɝ ɬɝɩʁɰ ʀ ɡɠɫɭɝɮɝɛɦɣ ʁɰ ɱɣɧ ɜʀɬɛɧ ʀ ɩɬɥɝɠɫɨɺɦɣ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɭɫɠɜɛɧɣ ɬɝɩʁɧɣª Ƚ ©Ʌɩɦɣ ɡ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɝ ɴɩ ɱɠɫɥɝɮ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɠɨɩ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɧɩɦɣɝɬɺ ȼɩɞɮ ɞɩɝɩ ɫɺɲɣ ´ɉɬɠ ɟɛɹ ɱɠɫɥɝʀ ɬʀɤ ɬɝɺɭʀɤ ȼɩɞɩɫɩɟɣɱʀ ɩɟ ɧɛɾɭɨɩɬɭʀ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɟɠɬɺɭɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɚɥɴɩ ɬɠ ɩɟɧʀɨɣɭɷ ɰɭɩ ³ ɰɛɤ ɜɮɟɠ ɪɫɩɥɦɺɭ µª Ⱦ ©Ƚɣɤɳɩɝ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɢ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɨɛ ȿɨʀɪɫɩ Ȳ ɢʀɤɳɦɩɬɺ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɜɠɢ ɦʀɥɮ ʀ ɝɦʀɢɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɮ ɝɩɟɮ ʀ ɬɭɩɺɦɣ ³ ɭʀ ɟɩ ɳɣʁ ɛ ɟɫɮɞʀ ³ ɟɩ ɞɫɮ ɟɠɤ ȿʀɭɣ ɡ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɜɠɫɠɞɛ ɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɨɠɧɩɝɦɺɭ ɟɠɫɡɛɦɣ ȿɩ ɫɩɬɦʀ ɡ ɜɫɩɟɣɦɣ ɮ ɝɩɟʀ ɛ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɣɥɣ ɬɭɩɺɲɣ ɧɩɦɣɭɝɣ ɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ«ª 1 ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢɺɧɣ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɩɧ ʀ ɚɫɩɬɦɛ ɝɩɧ ɒɠɫɝɠɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ȼɛɦɥɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɫɩɢɞɫɩɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ Ɍɝɺ ɭɩɬɦɛɝɩɧ ɐɩɢɛɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɛɞɛɨɛɭɮ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɨɩɝɞɩɫɩɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɉɦɠɞɛ ɨɛ Ʌɣʁɝ

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 3 Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (ÐóñüÓêðà¿íà) ó äðóã³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² – ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ²²² ñò. Ó öüîìó ðîçä³ë³ Âè ä³çíàºòåñÿ ïðî: Ïðàâë³ííÿ ßðîñëàâè÷³â Ðîçäðîáëåí³ñòü ³ êíÿç³âñüê³ ì³æóñîáèö³ Ïðàâë³ííÿ Âîëîäèìèðà Ìîíîìàõà Êóëüòóðó Ðóñ³-Óêðà¿íè ÷àñ³â ðîçäðîáëåíîñò³

§ 10. ÏÐÀÂ˲ÍÍß ßÐÎÑËÀÂÈײ ɂɛɪɩɝʀɭ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɇɮɟɫɩɞɩ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɇɮɟɫɣɤ ɪɩɧɠɫ ɦɹɭɩɞɩ ɫ Ɋɠɫɠɟɲɮɝɛɹɲɣ ɨɛɜɦɣɡɠɨɨɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɝʀɨ ɮɬɝʀɟɩɧɦɹɝɛɝ ɨɠɧɣɨɮɲʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɩʁ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɢɛ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɧʀɡ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɬɣɨɛɧɣ ɤ ɬɪɫɩɜɮɝɛɝ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɢɛɪɩɜʀɞɭɣ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɇɮɟɫɣɤ ɬɥɦɛɝ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɭ ɮ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɢɛɥɦɣɥɛɝ ɬɣɨʀɝ ɡɣɭɣ ɝ ɧɣɫʀ ɭɛ ɢɦɛɞɩɟʀ ɤ ɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɝ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɮ ɮɬɪɛɟɥɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦʀɝ Ƚ ɩɬɨɩɝɮ ɢɛ ɪɫɩɪɩɨɩɝɛɨɩʁ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɩɧ ɇɮɟɫɣɧ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨ ɨɺ ɭɛ ɮɬɪɛɟɥɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɥɦɛɟɠɨɩ ɪɫɣɨ ɱɣɪ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛɭɮ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɨɛɤɬɭɛɫɳɩɞɩ ɝ ɫɩɟʀ ɍɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ³ ɮɟʀɦɣ Ɍɣɨɣ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɪɩɝɣɨɨʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɥɨɺɢɹɝɛɭɣ ɝ ɨɣɰ ɢɛ ɪɫɣɨɱɣɪɩɧ ɫɩɟɩɝɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɫɳɣɨ ɬɭɝɛ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɹɲɣ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɝʀɟ ɬɭɛɫɳɩɞɩ ɜɫɛɭɛ ɟɩ ɨɛɬɭɮɪ ɨɩɞɩ ɢɛ ɝʀɥɩɧ ɴɩ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɺɦɩ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɝɬʀɰ ɥɨɺ ɢʀɝ ɢ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɟɩ ʀɨɳɩɞɩ Ɏɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɱɷɩɞɩ ǿȎȞȘȜȢȎȑ ȍȞȜȟșȎȐȎ ǺȡȒȞȜȑȜ ɢɛ ɢɛɟɮɧɩɧ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɥɩɡɠɨ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɧɛɝ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ȡ ǿȜȢȳȗȟȪȘȜȚȡ ȟȜȏȜȞȳ ʀɢ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɬɭɛɭɣ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɥɨɺ ɢɠɧ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɧ ɮ ɧɣɫɨɣɤ ɬɪɩ ²çÿñëàâ ɬʀɜ ɔɠ ɢɛ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɚɫɩ

mÊ Ä ɬɦɛɝ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɟɛɝ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ñâÿòîñëàâ

zÇÒÏMÅMÄ ɬɭɛɫɳɩɧɮ ɬɣɨɩɝʀ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝɮ Âñåâîëîä ɲɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɬɷɥʀ ³ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɩɝʀ

rÇÒÇÁÓÍÂÄ ɪɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɬɷɥʀ ³ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟɩ ²ãîð ɝʀ ɝɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɩ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥʀ ³

eÐÍÐÆÊÎÊÒ eÐÍÊÏÓÞÌÊË Ȳɞɩɫɠɝʀ ɬɧɩɦɠɨɬɷɥʀ ³ Ƚ·ɺɲɠɬ Â’ÿ÷åñëàâ Ñèíè ßðîñëàâà

tÎÐÍÇÏÓÞÌ ɦɛɝɩɝʀ ɑɺ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɞɩ I əɤɭ ɦɟɬɭ ɫɬɚɜɢɜ əɪɨɫɥɚɜ Ɇɭɞɪɢɣ ɡɚɩɪɨɜɚ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɪɩɝɣɨɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɞɠɭɸɱɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɩɪɟɫɬɨɥɨɧɚɫɥɿɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ" ɢɜɠɫɠɞɭɣ ɾɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛ ʁɨɣ ɭɛ ɧɣɫɨɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɪɠɫɠ ɟɛɨɨɺ ɝɦɛɟɣ

I Ⱦɥɹ ɱɨɝɨ əɪɨɫɥɚɜ Ɇɭɞɪɢɣ ɫɤɥɚɜ ɫɚɦɟ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɡɚɩɨɜɿɬ" Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɢɛ ɬɣɨʀɝ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɇɮɟɫɩɞɩ ɂɛ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɭɩɧ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɇɮɟɫɩɞɩ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɧɛɝ ɬɭɛɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɫɳɣɤ ɬɣɨ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝ ɉɟɨɛɲɠ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɜɛɭɷɥɛ ɜɫɛɭɣ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ʀ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟ ɨɠ ɝɣɢɨɛɦɣ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝɛ ɝɠɫɰɩɝɨɣɧ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫɠɧ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɇʀɬɭɛ ʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɴɩ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɝ ʁɧ ɜɛɭɷɥɩ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɣɲʀ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɣ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɣɧɣ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɝɣɧɣ ɝɩ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) ó äðóã³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² – ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ²²² ñò.

93

ɦɩɟʀɨɨɺɧɣ ³ ɝɩɭɲɣɨɛɧɣ ɇɛɜɮɭɷ ɬɛɧɠ ɭɩɧɮ Ȳɢɺ ɬɦɛɝɩɝʀ ɟɩɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɪɩɞɩɟɣɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɠ ɢ ɜɫɛɭɛɧɣ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɹ Ɋɠɫʀɩɟ ² ɫɫ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɟɩɜɩɹ ɭɫʀɮɧɝʀɫɛɭɮ ³ ɬɪʀɝɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝɛ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɭɛ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟɛ Ɏɬʀ ɨɛɤɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨʀ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ ɭɫʀɮɧɝʀɫɣ ɝɣɫʀɳɮɝɛɦɣ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɇɩɦɩɟɳɣɰ ɜɫɛɭʀɝ Ȳɞɩɫɺ ɭɛ Ƚ·ɺɲɠɬɦɛɝɛ ɝɩɨɣ ɮɬɮɨɮɦɣ ǽȜșȜȐȤȳ ȏȓȞȡȠȪ ȝȜșȜț ɝʀɟ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɣɰ ɬɪɫɛɝ ʀ ɪɫɣɝɦɛɬɨɣɦɣ ɪʀɬ ɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɰ ʁɰɨʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɑɠ ɝɣ ɥɦɣɥɛɦɩ ɩɜɮɫɠɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɧɩɦɩɟɳɣɰ ɚɫɩ ɬɦɛɝɣɲʀɝ ɤ ɢɛɥɦɛɦɩ ɪʀɟʊɫɮɨɭɺ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɰ ɮɬɩɜɣɱɷ Ɋɩɢɜɛɝɦɠɨʀ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɟʀɬɭɛɦɣ ɨɛɢɝɮ ʀɢɞɩʁɝ Ɍɛɧɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɝɛ ɞɩɧɣɧ ɲɣɨɨɣɥɩɧ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɩʁ ɧʀɡɮɬɩɜɨɩʁ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ Ɏ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɬɭɛɫɳɣɰ ɚɫɩɬɦɛ ɝɣɲʀɝ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɠɭɛɪ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɢ ǽȜșȜȐȓȤȪȘȳ ȏȎȏȖ ³ ȘȎȚ·ȭțȳ ȟȠȎȠȡȴ ȧȜ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɥɛɧɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɣɰ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɛɰ ɋɮɬʀ ȐȟȠȎțȜȐșȬȐȎșȖȟȭ țȎȒ ȝȜȣȜȐȎțțȭȚȖ ³ Ɏ ɫ ɭɫʀɮɧɝʀɫɣ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɦɣ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɣɤ ȘȡȞȑȎțȎȚȖ ȝȜșȜȐȓȤȪȘȜȴ ȕțȎȠȳ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɩɫɟɣ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɥʀɝ ɭɩɫɥʀɝ ɺɥɛ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɣɰ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɛɰ ɋɮɬʀ ʀ ɫɩɢɞɫɩɧɣɦɣ ʁʁ ɉɟɨɛɲɠ ɱɠɤ ɮɬɪʀɰ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛ ɭɷɧɛɫɠɨɩ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɣɧɣ ɪɩɟʀɺɧɣ Ɋɠɫɳɛ ɬɮɭɣɲɥɛ ɧʀɡ ɬɭɛɫɳɣɧɣ ɚɫɩɬ ɦɛɝɣɲɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɩɜɟʀɦɠɨɣɧɣ ɨɣɧɣ ɫɩɟɣɲɛɧɣ ɬɭɛɦɛɬɺ ɫ ɂɛɰɩɪɦɠɨʀ ɱʀɾɹ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɩɹ ɭɫʀɮɧɝʀɫɣ ɨɠ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɬɝɩɾɲɛɬɨɩ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɝʀɟɬʀɲ ɨɩɝɣɧ ɩɫɟɛɧ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɥʀɝ ³ ɪɩɦɩɝɱɺɧ ɥɣɪɲɛɥɛɧ Ɏɪɠɫɳɠ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɺɝɮ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ɨɛ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɛɰ ɋɮɬʀ ɝ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬʀ ɢɞɛɟɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɫ Ɋɩɦɩɝɱʀ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɹɲɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɨɛɜʀɞɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɮ ɝʀɟ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨɣɥʀɝ ɭɛɥ ɭɣɥɮ Ƚɩɨɣ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɮɨɣɥɛɭɣ ɪɫɺɧɣɰ ɬɮ ɭɣɲɩɥ ȳɰɨɷɩɹ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɩɹ ɧɠɭɩɹ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɰɩɪ ɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɠɝʀɦɷɨɣɥʀɝ ɺɥɣɰ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɪɫɩɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɟɩ ɥɫɛʁɨ ȼɦɣɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɭɛ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɞɩ Ɍɰɩɟɮ Ɋɩɦɩɝɱʀ ɨɛɪɛɟɛɦɣ ɢɨɠɨɛɱɷɥɛ ʀ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝɳɣ ǯȖȠȐȎ țȎ Ȟ ǮșȪȠȎ Ȟ ɪɩɦɩɨɠɨɣɰ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɢɨɣɥɛɦɣ ɝ ɬɭɠɪɮ

94

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 3

Ɉɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɝɠɫɠɬɨɺ ɫ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀ ɨɛɪɛɦɣ ɨɛ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɮ ɢɠɧɦɹ ȼɣɭɝɛ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɣɰ ɟɫɮɡɣɨ ɭɫʀɮɧɝʀɫʀɝ ʀɢ ɪɩɦɩɝɱɺɧɣ ɬɭɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɫʀɲɱʀ Ȼɦɷɭɛ ɤ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɣ ɦɛɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɩɹ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɰ Ʌɨɺɢʀ ɢ ɫɠɳɭɩɹ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɝɭɠɥɦɣ ɪʀɟ ɢɛɰɣɬɭ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɯɩɫ ɭɠɱɷ ɉɜɮɫɠɨʀ ɥɣɺɨɣ ɝɣɧɛɞɛɦɣ ɝʀɟ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝɛ ɝɣɟɛɭɣ ɢɜɫɩɹ ɴɩɜ ɪɩɧɬɭɣɭɣɬɺ ɪɩɦɩɝɱɺɧ Ƚʀɟɧɩɝɛ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɣɦɛ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɥɣɺɨ ɺɥʀ ɨɠ ɦɹɜɣɦɣ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɢɛ ɢɟɣɫɨɣɱɭɝɩ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɜɮɝ ɫɺɭɮ ɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɝɭɠɲɠɹ ɂɛ ɪʀɝɫɩɥɮ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɣ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɝ ɬɩɜʀ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ɪɩɝ ɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɟɩɝɠɦɩ ɬɦɛɜɥʀɬɭɷ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɭɫʀɮɧɝʀɫʀɝ Ɋɩ ɟɠɺɥʀɧ ɲɛɬʀ ɧʀɡ ɭɫʀɮɧɝʀɫɛɧɣ ɬɪɛɦɛɰɨɮɝ ɲɠɫɞɩɝɣɤ ɥɩɨɯɦʀɥɭ ɮɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɺɥɩɞɩ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ɢʀ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟɩɧ ɝɣɞɨɛɦɣ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝɛ ɢ Ʌɣɾɝɛ Ɏɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ² ɫɫ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɜɮɝ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ Ȳɢ ɧɠɭɩɹ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɺ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɨɛɟ ɮɟʀɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɥɨɺɢɺɧɣ ɝʀɨ ɪɠɫɠɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦɣɝ ɧʀɡ ɨɣɧɣ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ Ʌɫʀɧ Ʌɣ ǸțȭȕȪ ǿȐȭȠȜȟșȎȐ ȍȞȜȟșȎȐȖȥ ɾɝɛ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɝ ɢɛ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝ ɛ ɝ ʀɨ ȕ ȞȜȒȖțȜȬ ȚȳțȳȎȠȬȞȎ ɳɣɰ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ɪɩɬɛɟɣɝ ɨɛɧʀɬɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɬɣɨʀɝ ʀ ɪɦɠ ȕ ©ǥȕȏȜȞțȖȘȎ«ª

ɧʀɨɨɣɥʀɝ Ɏ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɟʀɺɰ ɝʀɨ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɩɹ ɜɫɛɭɛ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟɛ Ȳ ɰɩɲɛ ɝɠ ɦɣɥɣɧ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɜɮɝ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɴɩ ɯɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɝ ɟɮɮɧɝʀɫɛɭ ³ ɬɪʀɝɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɟɝɩɰ ɥɨɺ ɢʀɝ ³ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ ʀ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟɛ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɥɨɺ ɢʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɝ ɬɩɜʀ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝ Ƚʀɨ ɪɩɢɜɛɝɣɝ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɬɣɨʀɝ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ ʀ ɝʀɟɟɛɝ ɢɞʀɟɨɩ ɢ ʀɬɨɮɹɲɣɧɣ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɛɧɣ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦɩɨɛɬɦʀɟɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩ ɟɩɝʀ Ȼɦɠ ɪɫɩɭɣ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟɛ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɣɝ ɉɦɠɞ ǵȎȑȖȏȓșȪ Șțȭȕȭ ǥȕȭȟșȎȐȎ Ɍɝɺɭɩ ɬɦɛɝɣɲ ɺɥɣɤ ɝɝɛɡɛɝ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɩɹ ɟɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɪɫɣɝʀɝ ʀɢ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɪɩ ɦɩɝɠɱɷɥʀ ɩɫɟɣ ɍɛɥ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀ ɨɛ ɟɩɝɞʀ ɫɩɥɣ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɝɛɞɩɧɣɧ ɲɣɨɨɣɥɩɧ ɮ ɧʀɡɮɬɩɜɨʀɤ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ɉɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɮ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟɮ ɪɫɣɤɳɩɝ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝ Ƚɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɛ ɜɣɭɝɛ ɬɭɛ ɦɛɬɺ ɡɩɝɭɨɺ ɫ ɨɛ Ɉɠɡɛɭɣɨʀɤ Ɉɣɝʀ Ȳ ɰɩɲɛ ɝ ɱʀɤ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɦɣ ɬɭɛɫɳʀ ɚɫɩ ɬɦɛɝɣɲʀ ɮ ɨʀɤ ɢɛɞɣɨɮɝ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝ ǯȳȗ ȞȡȟȪȘȜȴ ȒȞȡȔȖțȖ ȕ ȝȜșȜȐȤȭȚȖ ȚȎșȬțȜȘ ȕ șȳȠȜȝȖȟȡ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) ó äðóã³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² – ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ²²² ñò.

95

Ɋɩ ɢɛɞɣɜɠɦʀ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝɛ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɦɛ ɟɩ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɹɝɛɝ ɮ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ² ɫɫ Ɏ ɱɠɤ ɲɛɬ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɩɟɨɩɩɬʀɜɨɛ ɧɩɨɛɫɰʀɺ ɛɦɠ ɝɩɨɛ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɛɦɛɬɺ ɝɦɛɟʀ ɥɣʁɝ ɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɢɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ɍɝɺɭɩ ɬɦɛɝɣɲɛ ɭɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɇɮɟɫɩɞɩ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟ ɝʀɝ ɢɛɪɠɥɦɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢ ɩɜɟʀɦɠ ɨɣɧɣ ɫɩɟɣɲɛɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɟɩɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɮɟʀ ɦʀɝ ɛɦɠ ɝɫɠɳɭʀ ɫɠɳɭ ɪʀɳɩɝ ɨɛ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɥɣ ɤ ɨɛɟɛɝ ʁɧ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɏɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɱɠɨ ɭɫɛɦɷɨɛ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɭɛ ɾɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɪɩɬɦɛɜɦɣ Ƚ ɮɧɩɝɛɰ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɣɰ ɨɛɪɛɟʀɝ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ɨɛ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɬɪɛɦɛɰɣ ɮɬɩ ɜɣɱɷ ɜɮɦɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɲɨɣɧɣ Ʉɧɩɝʀɫ ɨɩ ɬɛɧɠ ɭɩɧɮ ɬɣɨ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɜɛɭɷɥɛ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɣɝɬɺ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦɩɧ ɬɣɨɩɝʀ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝɛ Ɍɝɺɭɩɪɩɦɥɮ ²

ǽȜșȪȟȪȘȖȗ ȘȜȞȜșȪ ǯȜșȓȟșȎȐ ȃȜȞȜȏȞȖȗ Ɉɠɩɜɰʀɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɟɩɦɛɭɣ ɨɠɢɞɩɟɣ ɭɛ ȳ ȘțȭȕȪ ǥȕȭȟșȎȐ ȍȞȜȟșȎȐȖȥ ȐȟȠȡȝȎȬȠȪ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɭɣ ɬɣɦɣ ɟɦɺ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɪʀɟɳɭɩɝɰɮ ȥȓȞȓȕ ǵȜșȜȠȳ ǰȜȞȜȠȎ Ȑ ǸȖȴȐ ɝɛɦɛ ɟɩ ɢɜɦɣɡɠɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ƚɠɦɣɥɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɝ ȣȡȒ ȍ ǺȎȠȓȗȘȜ

ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɬɣɦ ɟɦɺ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɢ ɪɩɦɩɝɱɺɧɣ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɦɣ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥʀ ɢ·ʁɢɟɣ ɋɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɩɧ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɝ ɫɩɢɞɫɩɧ ɪɩɦɩɝɠɱɷɥɣɰ ɩɫɟ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɣɧɣ ɬɣɦɛɧɣ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɢ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɩɧ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɩɧ ɮ ɜɠɫɠɢɨʀ ɫ ɜʀɦɺ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ɍɮɞɫɩɝɛ ɨɛ ȿɩɨɮ ɑɺ ɪɠ ɫɠɧɩɞɛ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɣɦɛ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭɮ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɞɩ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ

I əɤɿ ɤɧɹɡɿ ɭɬɜɨɪɸɜɚɥɢ ɬɪɿɭɦɜɿɪɚɬ" əɤɿ ɧɨɜɿ ɤɨɱɨɜɿ ɩɥɟɦɟɧɚ ɭ ɞɪɭɝɿɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɿ ɏȱ ɫɬ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɸ ɡɚɝɪɨɡɨɸ ɞɥɹ Ɋɭɫɿ"

Ʌɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥʀ ɢ·ʁɢɟɣ ɬɨɠɧɣ

Ɋɩɬɦɛɜɦɠɨɨɺ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɝɣɥɦɣɥɛɦɩ ɪɩɺɝɮ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɣɲɨɣɰ ɢ·ʁɢɟʀɝ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ³ ©ɬɨɠɧʀɝª Ɉɛ ɨɣɰ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɭɣ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɝɛɡɦɣɝʀ ɟɦɺ ɝɬʀɰ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ɋɠɫɳɣɧ ʀɢ ɝʀɟɩɧɣɰ ɢɛ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɩɧ ɾ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɢ·ʁɢɟ ɫ ɮ Ƚɣɳɞɩɫɩɟʀ ɍɫʀɮɧɝʀɫɣ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ʀ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟ ɢʀɜɫɛɦɣɬɺ ɭɛɧ ʀɢ ɨɛɞɩɟɣ ɪɠɫɠɨɠɬɠɨɨɺ ɧɩɴɠɤ ɬɝɺɭɣɰ ȼɩɫɣɬɛ ʀ Ⱦɦʀɜɛ ɟɩ ɨɠɴɩɟɛɝɨɩ ɢɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɩʁ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɨɛ ʁɰɨɹ ɲɠɬɭɷ Ɉɛ Ƚɣɳɞɩɫɩɟɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɢ·ʁɢɟʀ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɩ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɢɜʀɫɨɣɥ ɢɛɥɩ ɨʀɝ ©Ɋɫɛɝɟɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɣɲʀɝª ɴɩ ɟɩɪɩɝɨɣɝ ©ɋɮɬɷɥɮ ɪɫɛɝɟɮª Ɉɛɤɝʀɟɩɧʀɳɣɧ ɬɠɫɠɟ ©ɬɨɠɧʀɝª ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɾ ɢ·ʁɢɟ ɫ ɝ Ɇɹɜɠɲʀ Ɉɛ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɟɩɧɩɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɢɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɢɛɬɛɟ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ

96

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 3

ǵ·ȴȕȒ ȞȡȟȪȘȖȣ ȘțȭȕȳȐ ȣȡȒ Ǯ ǮțȒȞȡȟȳȐ

ǵ·ȴȕȒ ȘțȭȕȳȐ Ȑ ȁȐȓȠȖȥȎȣ ȣȡȒ ǿ ǥȐȎțȜȐ

I ɑɢɦ ɛɭɥɨ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɨɹɜɭ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɜɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɯ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɹɤ ɡ¶ʀɡɞ ɤɧɹɡɿɜ"

DzȜșȜȏȟȪȘȖȗ ȕ·ȴȕȒ ǺȜțȜȚȎȣ ȳ ǿȐȭȠȜȝȜșȘ ȣȡȒ Ǯ ǸȖȐȦȓțȘȜ

ɬɭɝɛɧɣ ©Ʌɩɡɠɨ ɰɛɤ ɟɠɫɡɣɭɷ ɝɩɭɲɣɨɮ ɬɝɩɹª ɭɛ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɦɣ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɟɛɭɣ ɢɛɰɩɪ ɦɠɨɨɺ ɲɮɡɩʁ ɝɩɭɲɣɨɣ ɺɥ ɢɦɩɲɣɨ ʀ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɭɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɭɩɞɩ ɰɭɩ ɬɪɫɩɜɮɾ ɱɠ ɝɲɣɨɣɭɣ ɍɠɪɠɫ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɝ ɥɩɡɨɩɧɮ ɮɟʀɦʀ ɧɛɦɛ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɜɛɭɷɥɛ ɟɩ ɬɣɨɛ Ɋɩ ɫɺɟɩɥ ɢɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɡɠɨɣɤ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɩɧ ɇɮ ɟɫɣɧ ɬɥɛɬɩɝɮɝɛɝɬɺ Ʌɨɺɢʀ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɮɰɝɛ ɦɣɦɣ ɫʀɳɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɬɪʀɦɷɨʀ ɟʀʁ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ©Ƚʀɟɭɠɪɠɫ ɢ·ɾɟɨɛɤɧɩɬɺ ɝ ɩɟɨɠ ɬɠɫɱɠ ɤ ɢɛɰɣɬɭɣɧɩ ɋɮɬɷɥɮ ɢɠɧɦɹª ɉɟ ɨɛɲɠ ɱʀ ɫʀɳɠɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɭʀɦɠ ɨɩ ɝ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɉɟɫɛɢɮ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɢ·ʁɢɟɮ ɬɪɛɦɛɰ ɨɮɦɛ ɥɫɣɝɛɝɛ ɝʀɤɨɛ ɺɥɛ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɛ ɭɫɣ ɫɩɥɣ Ɋɫɣɪɣɨɣɝ ʁʁ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɢ·ʁɢɟ ɫ ɝ ɬɠɦʀ Ƚɣɭɣɲɠɝʀ Ɏɝɠɭɣɲɛɰ

Ɋɫɩ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɟʀɤ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɪɩɦɩɝɠɱɷɥɣɰ ɨɛɪɛɟʀɝ ʀɳɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɢ·ʁɢɟʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɮ ɂɩɦɩɭɲʀ ɫ Ƚɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɣɧ ɝ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɢ ɪɩɦɩɝɱɺɧɣ ɬɭɛɝ ɢ·ʁɢɟ ɨɛɝɠɬɨʀ ɫ ɜʀɦɺ ȿɩɦɩɜɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɂɛ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɱɺ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɨɣɥɣ Ɍɝɺɭɩɪɩɦɥɛ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɤɭɣ ɨɛɝɠɬɨʀ ɝ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɱɠ ɢɛɝ ɟɛɬɭɷ ɢɜɣɭɥʀɝ ɬɧɠɫɟɛɧ ɬɠɦɺɨɛɧ ɭɛ ʁɰ ɨʀɧ ɪɩɬʀɝɛɧ ʀ ɥɩɨɺɧ Ƚɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɮ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɭʀ ɫʀɳɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɦɛ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɷ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɇɩɨɩ ɧɛɰɛ ©ȿɣɝɮɹɬɷ ɺ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɩ ɴɩ ɥɩɨɠɤ ɳɥɩɟɮɾɭɠ ɨɛ ɺɥɣɰ ɩɫɹɭɷ Ȼ ɲɩɧɮ ɨɠ ɪɩɧɣɬɦɣɭɠ ɪɫɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɩɬɷ ɪɩɲɨɠ ɩɫɛɭɣ ɬɧɠɫɟ ʀ ɪɫɣʁɰɛɝɳɣ ɪɩɦɩɝɲɣɨ ɢɛɬɭɫɠ ɦɣɭɷ ɤɩɞɩ ɢ ɦɮɥɛ ɛ ɥɩɨɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɛɜɠɫɠ ɛ ɝ ɬɠɦɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɣʁɰɛɝɳɣ ɢɛɜɠɫɠ ɡʀɨɥɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɤ ɟʀɭɠɤ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɬɠ ɧɛɤɨɩ ɤɩɞɩ" ɍɛɥ ɥɩɨɺ ɝɛɧ ɳɥɩɟɛ ɛ ɬɛɧɩɞɩ ɬɧɠɫɟɛ ɰʀɜɛ ɨɠ ɡɛɦɷ"ª Ɋɩɰʀɟ ɫ ɢɛɪɩɲɛɭɥɮɝɛɝ ɨɣɢɥɮ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɡɨɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ ɋɮɬʀ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ɮ ² ɫɫ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) ó äðóã³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² – ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ²²² ñò.

97

Ʌɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥʀ ɢ·ʁɢɟɣ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɦɣ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɝ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɝʀɟɬʀɲʀ ɨɛɪɛɟɛɧ ɪɩɦɩɝ ɱʀɝ ɨɛ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ

I əɤɢɣ ɡ¶ʀɡɞ ɡɚɩɨɱɚɬɤɭɜɚɜ ɧɨɜɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɩɪɟɫɬɨɥɨɧɚɫɥɿɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ" ɇɚ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɡ¶ʀɡɞɿ ɨɫ ɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɭɯɜɚɥɟɧɨ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɿ ɩɨɯɨɞɢ ɤɧɹɡɿɜ ɩɪɨɬɢ ɩɨɥɨɜɰɿɜ"

ȼɂɋɇɈȼɄɂ Ɋʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɣɲʀɝ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝɬɺ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɣɤ ɪɫɩɱɠɬ ɫɩɢ ɪɛɟɮ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɤ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟɮ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ɏ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɭʀɾʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ʀ ɬɣɦɣ ɴɩ ɮ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ɍɣɨɣ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɨɠ ɜɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɣɭɣɬɺ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɧɣ ɛɧɜʀɱʀɺɧɣ ɢɨɠɰɭɮɝɛɦɣ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɭɩɧ ɜɛɭɷɥɛ ɨɛɭɩɧʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɣɧɮɳɮɹɲɣ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɂɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɣɲʀɝ ɨɛɟ ɋɮɬɬɹ ɨɛɝɣɬɦɛ ɨɩɝɛ ɢɛɞɫɩɢɛ ɢʀ ɬɭɠɪɮ Ɉɛɪɛɟɣ ɪɩɦɩɝɠɱɷɥɣɰ ɩɫɟ ɜɮɦɣ ɬɪɮɬɭɩɳɦɣɝɣɧɣ ɟɦɺ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ ɋɮɬʀ Ʌɩɲɩɝɣɥɣ ɝɟɛɦɩ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɧʀɡɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɲɝɛɫɛɧɣ ɝɲɣ ɨɺɹɲɣ ɨɩɝʀ ɨɛɜʀɞɣ ɇʀɡɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥʀ ɲɝɛɫɣ ʀ ɨɛɜʀɞɣ ɬɭɠɪɩɝɣɥʀɝ ɨɠɞɛɭɣɝɨɩ ɝɪɦɣɝɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɑɠ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɦɣ ʀ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɥɣ ɪɩɟʀɤ ɔɩɜ ɮɢ ɞɩɟɡɮɝɛɭɣ ʀɨɭɠɫɠɬɣ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɭɛ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɝʀɟɬʀɲ ɨɛɪɛɟɛɧ ɨɛɤɝɪɦɣ ɝɩɝʀɳʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɢɜɣɫɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɢ·ʁɢɟɣ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɺɥɣɧ ɪɩɭɛɦɛɨɣɦɩ ɪɫɣɪɣ ɨɺɭɣ ɧʀɡɮɬɩɜɣɱʀ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɪʀɦɷɨʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɬɭɠɪɩɝɣɥʀɝ Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɣɧ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɩʁ ɟɩɦʀ ɋɮɬʀ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɭɺ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɨɱɣɪɮ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦɩɨɛɬɦʀɟɮɝɛɨɨɺ

ɁȺɄɊȱɉɂɆɈ ɁɇȺɇɇə ȍȘȖȗ ȝȜȞȭȒȜȘ ȝȞȓȟȠȜșȜțȎȟșȳȒȡȐȎțțȭ ȏȡșȜ ȕȎȝȞȜȐȎȒȔȓțȜ ȍȞȜȟșȎȐȜȚ ǺȡȒȞȖȚ" ȅȖ ȐȠȳșȖșȖ Ȑ ȔȖȠȠȭ ȟȖțȖ ȍȞȜȟșȎȐȎ ǺȡȒȞȜȑȜ ȕȎȝȜȐȳȠ ȏȎȠȪȘȎ" DzȎȗȠȓ ȐȖȕțȎȥȓțțȭ ȝȜțȭȠȪ ȳ ȠȓȞȚȳțȳȐ ©ȠȞȳȡȚȐȳȞȎȠª ©ȒȡȡȚȐȳȞȎȠª ©ȘțȭȕȪ ȳȕȑȜȗª ©ȟțȓȚª ©ȡȒȳșª ȍȘȳ țȜȐȳ ȘȜȥȜȐȳ ȜȞȒȖ ȕȎȑȞȜȔȡȐȎșȖ ȝȳȐȒȓțțȖȚ ȘȜȞȒȜțȎȚ Ǿȡȟȳ ȐȳȒ ȟȓȞȓȒȖțȖ ȃǥ ȟȠ " ȍȘȳ ȝȞȖȥȖțȖ ȥȎȟȠȖȣ ȡȟȝȳȣȳȐ ȡ țȎȏȳȑȎȣ ȘȜȥȳȐțȖȘȳȐ țȎ ȕȓȚșȳ Ǿȡȟȳ Ȑ ȃǥǥ²ȃǥǥǥ ȟȠ" ȍȘȳ ȑȜșȜȐțȳ ȝȖȠȎțțȭ ȐȖȞȳȦȡȐȎșȖȟȭ țȎ ȕ·ȴȕȒȎȣ ȘțȭȕȳȐ"

§ 11. ÏÎÑÈËÅÍÍß ÂÅËÈÊÎÊÍßDzÂÑÜÊί ÂËÀÄÈ ÇÀ ÂÎËÎÄÈÌÈÐÀ ÌÎÍÎÌÀÕÀ ÒÀ ÌÑÒÈÑËÀÂÀ ÂÅËÈÊÎÃÎ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɋɮɬʀ ɧɛɦɩ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɩɨɮɥɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɇɮɟɫɩɞɩ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ ² Ʉɩɞɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɭɛɥ ɢɛ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɧ ʀɧ·ɺɧ ɧɛ ɭɠɫʀ Ȳɬɨɮɾ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɦɠɞɠɨɟɛ ɴɩ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨ Ȳɐ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ ɝʀɟɪɫɛɝɣɝ ɤɩɧɮ ɬɣɧɝɩɦɣ ɱɛɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ³ ɜɛɫɧɣ ʀ ɥɩɫɩɨɮ ɭɛɥ ɢɝɛɨɮ ɳɛɪɥɮ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ ɺɥɩɹ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɥɩɫɩɨɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɧɩɬɥɩɝɬɷɥʀ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɤ ɱɛɫʀ ɐɩɲɛ ɨɛɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɭɛɥ ɢɝɛɨɮ ɳɛɪɥɮ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɩ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɪʀ ɢɨʀɳɠ Ɍɝɩɾ ɟɣɭɣɨɬɭɝɩ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɪɫɩɝʀɝ ɪɫɣ ɟɝɩɫʀ ɜɛɭɷɥɛ ɝ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝʀ Ʌɩɦɣ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɣɲ ɮ ɫ ɬɭɛɝ Ƚɠ ɦɣɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɧ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɝ ɝ ɮɟʀɦ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝ ɟɠ ɪɫɛɝɣɝ ɳʀɬɭɨɛɟɱɺɭɷ ɫɩɥʀɝ ² ɫɫ ɑɠ ɜɮɝ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭɮ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɧʀɬɭ ɭɛ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɛ ɰɫɛɧʀɝ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɜɛɭɷɥɛ ɝ ɫ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣ ɧɣɫ ɟɩɜɫɩɝʀɦɷɨɩ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɣɝɬɺ ɲɠɫɨʀɞʀɝ ɬɷɥɣɧ ɮɟʀɦɩɧ ɨɛ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɷ ɉɦɠɞɛ Ɍɝɺɭɩ ɬɦɛɝɣɲɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɧɛɝ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨʀ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɨɛ ɱʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɛ ɬɛɧ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɝɬɺ ɟɩ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬ ɦɛɝɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɨɠ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɝɬɺ ȁȒȳș ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞȎ ǺȜțȜȚȎȣȎ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɭɣ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɰɩɲɛ ɧɛɝ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɱɠ ɢɫɩ ɜɣɭɣ ɮɬɭɮɪɣɝɳɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɜɫɛɭɩɝʀ Ɍɝɺɭɩɪɩɦɥɩɝʀ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛ ɝɣɲɮ ɺɥɣɤ ɢɛ ɭɩɞɩɲɛɬɨɣɧɣ ɢɛɥɩɨɛɧɣ ɢɛɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦʀɝ ɧɛɝ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡ ɨʀ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɨɛ Ʌɣʁɝ Ȳɬɭɩɫɣɥɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɴɩ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɲɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɬɷɥɣɧ ʀ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɧ ɮɟʀɦɛɧɣ ɨɛ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɷ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɫɩ ǻȎ ȝȜșȜȐȓȤȪȘȳ ȟȠȓȝȖ ȣȡȒ Ǯ ǴȎȟȘȖȗ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) ó äðóã³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² – ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ²²² ñò.

ɟɣɲʀɝ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɥɠɫɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɪɩɝɛɞɩɹ ɟɩ ɢɛɥɩɨʀɝ ɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɣɰ ɤɩɞɩ ɟʀɟɩɧ ɚɫɩɬɦɛ ɝɩɧ ɇɮɟɫɣɧ ʀ ɨɠɜɛɡɛɨɨɺɧ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɣɨɛɭɣ ɨɩɝɮ ɰɝɣɦɹ ɧʀɡɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɲɝɛɫ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɡɣɭɭɺ Ƚɩɦɩ ɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ ² ɫɫ ɪɩɝ·ɺ ɢɛɨɣɤ ʀɢ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩɹ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɩɹ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɪɫɩ ɭɣ ɨɛɪɛɟʀɝ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ɨɛ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ƚʀɨ ɢɮɧʀɝ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɫɺɟ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɥʀɝ ³ ɮ ɫɫ

99

©ǵȚȳȗȜȐȖȘª ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞȎ ǺȜțȜȚȎȣȎ

ɂʀ ɢɝɠɫɨɠɨɨɺ ɜɩɺɫ ʀ ɥɮɪɱʀɝ ɟɩ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ ©Ȳɟɣ ɥɨɺɢɹ ɮ Ʌɣʁɝ ɛ ɺɥ ɨɠ ɪʀɟɠɳ ɭɩ ɢɨɛɤ ɴɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɦɣɰɛ ɝɲɣɨɣɭɷɬɺ ɱɠ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɟɝʀɫ ɲɣ ɬɩɱɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɞɫɛɜɮɹɭɷ ɛ ɴɠ ɤ ɨɛɪɛɟɮɭɷ ʀ ɨɛ ɜɩɺɫ ʀ ɨɛ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀ ʀ ɜɮɟɠɳ ɭɣ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɭɣ ɥɨɺɢɹ ɥɩɦɣ ɪɩɞɫɛɜɮɹɭɷ ʀ ɧɩɨɛɬ ɭɣɫʀª

I ɑɢɦ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɭɜɚɥɢ ɫɜɨɽ ɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɤɧɹɡɹ ɛɨɹɪɢ ɿ ɤɭɩɰɿ" ɑɨɦɭ ɤɢɹɧɢ ɡɜɟɪɧɭɥɢɫɹ ɫɚɦɟ ɞɨ ȼɨɥɨɞɢɦɢɪɚ Ɇɨɧɨɦɚɯɚ"

Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɐȲ ² ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ ɜɮɝ ɩɟɨʀɾɹ ɢ ɨɛɤ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɳɛɨɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɪɩɬɭɛɭɠɤ ɑɠ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɺɦɩ ɨɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɝʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɾɟɣɨɣɧ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɰɭɩ ɢɮɧʀɝ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɟʀɾɝɮ ɝʀɟɬʀɲ ɨɛɜʀɞɛɧ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ɤ ɪɩ ɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɪɠɫɠɧɛɞɛɝ ʁɰ ɍɛɦɛɨɭ ɪɩɦɥɩɝɩɟɱɺ ɪɩɾɟɨɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɮ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɢ ɨɠɛɜɣɺɥɩɹ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɩɹ ɰɩɫɩɜɫʀɬɭɹ ɺɥɛ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɝ ɟɣɭɺɲʀ ɫɩɥɣ Ȳɢ ɤɩɞɩ ʀɧ·ɺɧ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɛ ɪɠɫɳɛ ɬɠɫɤɩɢɨɛ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɛ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɟɫɮɡɣɨ ɨɛɟ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɪɩɦɩɝɠɱɷɥɩɹ ɩɫɟɩɹ ɝ ɫ ɢɛ ɫʀɲɥɩɹ Ɍɮɦɛ ɐɦɩɪɲɣɥɩɧ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɜɛɭɷ ɥɩɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟɩɧ ɜɫɛɝ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɮ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɦɹɝɛɨɨɺɰ ɨɛ ɟɣɥɩɞɩ ɢɝʀɫɛ ɂɧɛɦɥɮ ɝʀɨ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɢɝɣɥ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɥɦɛɟ ɨʀ ɨɠɟɣɭɺɲʀ ɟɩɫɮɲɠɨɨɺ Ɏ ɬɝʀɤ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɣ ɟɩ ɟɛɦɠ ɥɩɞɩ ɋɩɬɭɩɝɛ ɜɛɭɷɥɩ ɝʀɟɪɫɛɝɣɝ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣ ɫɛ ɮ ɫʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɝʀɱʀ ɍɩɞɩɲɛɬɨʀ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɱʀ ɨɠ ɢɞɛɟɮɹɭɷ ɪɫɩ ɡɩɟɨɮ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɮ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ ǯșȎȑȜȟșȜȐȓțțȭ ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞȎ ǺȜțȜȚȎȣȎ ȝȓȞȓȒ ȏȜȱȚ ȳȕ ȝȜșȜȐȤȭȚȖ Ɍɛɧ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɭɝɠɫɟɣɝ ɴɩ ȣȡȒ ǰ ǰȎȟțȱȤȜȐ

100

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 3

ɦɣɳɠ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ɮ ɺɥɣɰ ɜɫɛɝ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɛɾ ©ɚ ɮɥɦɛɝ ɢ ɪɩɦɩɝɱɺɧɣ ɧɣɫɨɣɰ ɮɞɩɟ ³ ɪɣɬɛɝ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ ɮ ©Ɋɩɝɲɛɨɨʀ ɟʀɭɺɧª ³ ɝɢɺɝ ɮ ɪɩɦɩɨ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɥɫɛɴɣɰ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ʀ ɝʀɟɪɮɬɭɣɝ ʁɰ ɛ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɬɭɫɛɭɣɝ ʀ ɝɭɩɪɣɝ ɮ ɫʀɲɥɛɰª Ȳɬɭɩɫɣɥɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɴɩ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɞɣ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɝ ɜɩ ɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɢ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɥɛɧɣ ɜɦɣɬɥɛɝɣɲɨɣɰ ɛɭɛɥ ɝɛɡɥɩɩɢɜɫɩɾɨɩʁ ɥʀɨɨɩɭɣ ɋɮɬɷɥɠ ɫɣɱɛɫ ǽȜȣȜȒȖ ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞȎ ǺȜțȜȚȎȣȎ ɬɭɝɩ ɺɥ ʀ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɝɛɦɩ ȝȞȜȠȖ ȝȜșȜȐȤȳȐ ɝɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɮ ɜɣɭɝɛɰ Ƚɩɨɩ ɢɜɣɝɛɦɩ I əɤɢɦ ɛɭɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɰɢɯ ɩɨɯɨɞɿɜ" ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɢɛɭɩɪɭɮɝɛɦɩ ɤ ɟɩɦɛɦɩ ɦɠɞɥɩ ɑɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɿɬɧɢɣ ɩɨɯɿɞ ɪɭɫɶɤɢɯ ɩɢɜɫɩɾɨɣɰ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ Ɍɪɣɫɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɜɩɤɩ ɩɨɥɤɿɜ ɩɪɨɬɢ ɩɨɥɨɜɰɿɜ ɭ ɪ " ɝɮ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɮ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɴɩɫʀɲɨɩ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɝ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ʀ ɝɫɠɳɭʀ ɫɠɳɭ ɢɧɮɬɣɝ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨɛ ɬɩɫɩɥ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɭɣ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɬɭɠɪɣ Ɏ ɫ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɮɝɛɝ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ɢɛ ɢɫɛɢɥɩɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɺɥ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥʀ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫʀ ɬɪɫɺɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɮ Ɍɝɺɭɮ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ Ɋɠɫɠɟ ɝɬɭɮɪɩɧ ɟɩ ɪɩɦɩɝɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɭɠɪɮ ɨɛ ɫʀɲɱʀ Ƚɩɫɬɥɦɛ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɩ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɣ ɦɩ ɨɛ ɪɛɞɩɫɜʀ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɟɠɫɠɝ·ɺɨɣɤ ɰɫɠɬɭ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɠɨɣɤ ɢɩɦɩɭɩɧ ɭɛ ɬɫʀɜɦɩɧ Ʌɨɺɢʀ ɱʀɦɮɝɛɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛ ɩɲɛɰ ɮɬʀɾʁ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɣ ɛ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɝɳɣ ɜɦɛɞɩɬɦɩɝɠɨɨɺ ɫɮɰɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɪɠɫɠɟ Ɋɠɫɠɟ ɳɭɮɫɧɩɧ ɪɩɦɩɝɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɓɛɫɮɥɛɨɷ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɩ ɨɛ ɪɫɩɰɛɨɨɺ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɩɬɝɺɭɣɦɩ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɣ

ǽȜȐȟȠȎțțȭ Ȑ ǸȖȱȐȳ Ȟ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) ó äðóã³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² – ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ²²² ñò.

101

Ɋɩɰʀɟ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɣɝɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɩɹ ɫɮɬɣɲʀɝ ȼɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɟɠɬɺɭɣ ɭɣɬɺɲ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ɢɛɞɣɨɮɦɩ ɮ ɝɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨʀɤ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɨɛ ɫʀɲɱʀ Ɍɩɦɷɨɣɱʀ ɋɠɳɭɛ ɪɩɦɩɝɠɱɷɥɣɰ ɩɫɟ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟ ɢɛ Ƚɩɦɞɮ Ɋɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɫɮɬɣɲʀɝ ɟɩ ɪɩɦɩɝɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɭɠɪɮ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɛɟʀɬɦɛɨʀ ɮ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɹ Ɋɩɦɷɴɮ ɒɠɰʀɹ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɮ ɋɣɧ ɍɛɥ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ʀɢ ɪɩɦɩɝɱɺɧɣ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɬɥɦɛɟɩɝɩɹ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɮ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɨɛ Ɍɰʀɟ

I ɍ ɹɤɢɯ ɭɞɿɥɚɯ ɞɨɜɟɥɨɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɢ ȼɨɥɨɞɢɦɢɪɭ ɞɨ ɪ " Ɂɚɜɞɹɤɢ ɱɨɦɭ ȼɨɥɨɞɢɦɢɪ Ɇɨɧɨɦɚɯ ɜɢɪɿɡɧɢɜɫɹ ɡ ɩɨɦɿɠ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɤɧɹɡɿɜ"

Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɫ Ʌɩɦɣ ɨɛɝɠɬɨʀ ɫ ɪɩɧɠɫ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ Ɍɝɺɭɩɪɩɦɥ ȲȲ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝɣɲ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɜɩɡɨɛ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɛ ɢɛ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɹ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɾɹ ɝɦɛɳɭɮɝɛɦɛ ɫɩɢɟɛɲɮ ɟɩɜɫɛ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɢ ɥɨɺɡɩʁ ɬɥɛɫɜɨɣɱʀ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝɣɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɴɠɟɫɣɧɣ ɮɟɩɝɛ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɛɬɺ ɺɥɩɬɷ ɢɛɦɛɞɩɟɣɭɣ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɨɠɪɫɣɾɧɨɮ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ ʀɢ ɬʀɦɦɹ ɺɥɩɹ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɬɪɠɥɮɦɹɝɛɝ ɮ ɢɧɩɝʀ ɢ ɦɣɰɝɛɫɺɧɣ Ɏɭʀɧ ɴɠɟɫʀɬɭɷ ɧɛɦɛ ɪɫɩɭɣɦɠɡɨɣɤ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭ Ʌɣɺɨɣ ɫɩɢɱʀɨɣɦɣ ɱɠ ɺɥ ɬɦɛɜɥʀɬɭɷ ɝɦɛɟɣ ʀ ɢʀɜɫɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɝʀɲɠ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɦɣ ɢɛɪɫɩɬɣɭɣ ɨɛ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ Ȼɦɠ ɭɩɤ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɣɝɬɺ ɪɩɬɦɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɫʀɳɠɨɨɺ Ɇɹɜɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɢ·ʁɢɟɮ ɍɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɩɢɜɫɩɾɨʀ ɥɣɺɨɣ ɢɮɪɣɨɣɦɣ ɪɩɞɫɩɧ ɟɝɩɫɮ Ɍɝɺɭɩɪɩɦɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɭɣɬɺɱɷɥɩɞɩ Ɋɮɭɺɭɣ ɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɨɣɴɣɭɣ ɥɝɛɫɭɛɦɣ ʀɨɩɢɠɧɱʀɝ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɾɝɫɠɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɮɪɱʀɝ ʀ ɦɣɰɝɛɫʀɝ Ɉɛɦɺɥɛɨʀ ɪɩɟʀɺɧɣ ɜɩɺɫɣ ʀ ɥɮɪɱʀ ɝɟɫɮɞɠ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ ʀɢ ɪɫɩɰɛɨɨɺɧ

I əɤɢɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɩɨɜɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɤɢɹɧ ɪ " Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ ³ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ ɬɭɛɝ ɮ ɫ ɥɩɦɣ ɤɩɧɮ ɝɡɠ ɝɣɪɩɝɨɣɦɩɬɺ ɫɩ ɥʀɝ Ɉɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɝʀɨ ɢʀɨʀɱʀɹɝɛɝ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɭɺ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɢɜʀɫɨɣɥɛ ɢɛɥɩɨʀɝ ©Ɍɭɛɭɮɭɮ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟɩɝɣɲɛª ɺɥɣɤ ɟɩɪɩɝɨɣɝ ©ɋɮɬɷɥɮ Ɋɫɛɝɟɮª Ɏ ©Ɍɭɛɭɮɭʀª ɜɮɦɩ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɠɨɩ ɬɪɫɩɜɮ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɭɣ ɨɛɤɜɩɦɹɲʀɳʀ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɣ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ³ ɩɜɧɠɡɠɨɨɺ ɦɣɰɝɛɫɬɭɝɛ ɬɥɛɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɨɛ ɰɩɦɩɪʀɝ ɢɛ ɜɩɫɞɣ ɭɩɴɩ Ɏɪɠɫɳɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɩ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɭɛ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɺɥʀ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɦɺɦɣ ɝ ɥɛɜɛɦɮ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɨɠɝʀɟɪɫɛɱɷɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɜɩɫɞ ɢɛɥɮɪɣ

Ɏɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɠɢɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɪɩɝɛɡɨɣɤ ɝʀɥ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɝ ɠɨɠɫɞʀɤɨʀɬɭɷ ɞɩɬɭɫɣɤ ɫɩɢɮɧ ʀ ɢɟɛɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɟɩ ɫʀɳɮɲɣɰ ɟʀɤ Ƚʀɨ ɢɧʀɞ ɪɫɣɜɩɫɥɛɭɣ ɧʀɡɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥʀ ɲɝɛɫɣ ɢɧʀɱɨɣɭɣ ɩɟɨɩɩɬʀɜɨɮ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɤ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɭɣ ɾɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɋɮɬʀ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɝɩɬɭɛɨɨɾ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɝ ɪʀɟ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɜʀɦɷɳɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɋɮɬʀ ³ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɮ ǵȎȚȜȘ ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞȎ ǺȜțȜȚȎȣȎ Ȑ ǹȬȏȓȥȳ

102

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 3

Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɮ Ɍɧɩɦɠɨɬɷɥɮ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɮ ɍɮɫɩɝɩ Ɋʀɨɬɷɥɮ ɇʀɨɬɷɥɮ Ɉɩɝɞɩɫɩɟɬɷɥɮ ɋɩɬɭɩɝɩ Ɍɮɢɟɛɦɷɬɷɥɮ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ƚɠɫɰɩɝɨɮ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɝɣɢɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɲɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɬɷɥʀ ɭɛ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ Ɏ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɫɩɥɣ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɣɝ ɫɩɢɞɫɩɧ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ʀ ɝʀ ɟʀɞɨɛɝ ʁɰ ɝʀɟ ɥɩɫɟɩɨʀɝ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏ ɫ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɦɥɣ ɪʀɟ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɩɧ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɣɨɛ ɇɬɭɣ ɬɦɛɝɛ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɦɣ ɮɬɪʀɳɨɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɧʀɬɱɺɧɣ ɢɣɧɩɝɣɰ ɬɭɩɺɨɩɥ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ɨɛ ȿɩɨɮ ɝʀɟʀɞɨɛɦɣ ʁɰ ɮɞɦɣɜ ɬɭɠɪʀɝ ʀ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɢɟɩɜɣɲ ɑɠɤ ɮɟɛɫ ɜɮɝ ɨɛɬɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝʀɟ ɲɮɭɨɣɧ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ɴɩ ɫ ɥɩɦɣ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɣ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɫɮɳɣɦɣ ɝ ɬɭɠɪ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɡɠ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɤɳɦɣ Ɏ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳʀ ɫɩɥɣ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀ ɨɠ ɭɮɫɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɬɪʀɰɣ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɣ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ ɪɩɢɣɭɣɝɨɩ ɝɪɦɣɨɮɦɣ ɨɛ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɤ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɋɮɬʀ Ɋɩɡɝɛɝɣɦɣɬɺ ʀɬɨɮɹɲʀ ɭɛ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɣ ɨɩɝʀ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨʀ ɤ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ Ƚɠɦɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɜɮɟɩɝɛɧɣ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɬɣɦɣɬɺ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ɋʀɟ Ʌɣɾɝɩɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɡɠɨɩ ɟɠɫɠɝ·ɺɨɣɤ ɧʀɬɭ ɲɠɫɠɢ ȿɨʀɪɫɩ Ɍɭɛɝɳɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ ɫɩɢɞɩɫɨɮɝ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɮ ʀ ɢɩɝɨʀɳ ɨɷɩɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɮ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɚɥ ʀ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɺ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɝɩɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɬɪɫɺɧɩɝɛɨɛ ɨɛ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ Ɏ ɫ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɝɭɫɮɭɣɝɬɺ ɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɪɫɣɟɝɩɫɨɣɰ ɮɞɫɮɪɩɝɛɨɷ ɢɛ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɭɫɩɨ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɑɠ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɩ ɟɩ ɥɩɨɯɦʀɥɭɮ ʀ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɦɥɣ ɫɮ ɳɣɦɣ ɨɛ ȿɮɨɛɤ Ɍɮɪɠɫɠɲɥɮ ɪɩɴɛɬɭɣɦɩ ɝɦɛɟɨɛɭɣ ɧɣɫɨɣɧ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɧ Ɏ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨʀ ɫɩɥɣ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨɣ ɢ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɾɹ ɪɩɥɫɛɴɣɦɣɬɺ ʀ ɝ ɫ ɩɨɮɥɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɝɣɤɳɦɛ ɢɛɧʀɡ ɢɛ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ Ɋʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɣɨɛɬɭɣɲɨʀ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ʀ ɢ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɺɧɣ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɣ ɓɝɠɱʀʁ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ȿɛɨʀʁ Ɉɩɫɝɠɞʀʁ ɑʀ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɢɛɬɝʀɟɲɣɭɣ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɫʀɝɨɣɰ ɱʀɤ ɫɩɟɣɨʀ ɭɩɧɮ ʁɤ ɪɩɝɣɨɨɛ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɣ ɩɟɨɩɩɬʀɜɨɛ ɝɦɛɟɛ

I

ǯȜȗȜȐȳ ȜȏșȎȒȡțȘȖ ȒȞȡȔȖțțȖȘȎ ȓȘȟȝȜȕȖȤȳȭ ȚȡȕȓȬ

ɑɨɦɭ ȼɨɥɨɞɢɦɢɪ ȼɫɟɜɨɥɨɞɨɜɢɱ ɞɿɫɬɚɜ ɩɪɿɡɜɢɫɶ ɤɨ Ɇɨɧɨɦɚɯ" əɤɿ ɡɞɨɛɭɬɤɢ ɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ȼɨɥɨɞɢɦɢɪɚ Ɇɨɧɨɦɚɯɚ"

Ɋɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ Ɋɠɫɠɟ ɬɧɠɫɭɹ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ ɪɩɟʀɦɣɝ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɋɮɬʀ ɧʀɡ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɬɣɨɛɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɮɬɪɛɟɥɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɫɩɝʀɟɨʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɋɮɬʀ Ɉɩɝɞɩɫɩɟ Ɍɧɩɦɠɨɬɷɥ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝ ɍɮɫɩɝ Ƚɩ ɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɭɛ ɋɩɬɭɩɝ Ʌɩɦɣ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɪɩɧɠɫ ɝɠɦɣ ɥɩɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɩɝ ɟɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɫɳɩɞɩ ɬɣɨɛ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɛ ² ɫɫ Ɉɩɝɣɤ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɟɩɧʀɞɬɺ ɪʀɟɪɩɫɺɟɥɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɝɦɛɟʀ ɝɬʀɰ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ɏɬʀ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɩɝɣɲʀ ɪʀɟ ɤɩɞɩ ɭɝɠɫɟɩɹ ɫɮɥɩɹ ɟʀɺɦɣ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀ ɢɞɮɫɭɩɝɛɨɩ ɂɛ ɧɠɡɛɧɣ ɫɩɟɣɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝ Ɋɩɦɩɱɷɥ ɭɛ ɟɫʀɜɨʀ ɝɩɦɩɬɭʀ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩʁ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩʁ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ȼɦɠ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) ó äðóã³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² – ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ²²² ñò.

103

ɧʀɬɱɠɝʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɨɠ ɨɛɝɛɡɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɲɣɨɣɭɣ ɩɪʀɫ ɇɩɨɩ ɧɛɰɩɝɣɲɛɧ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɝɛɝ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɮ ɜɛɭɷ ɥɛ ɴɩɟɩ ɢɜɠɫɠɡɠɨɨɺ ɾɟɨɩɬɭʀ ɋɮɬʀ Ƚʀɨ ɪɫɣɜɩɫɥɛɝ ɪɩɦɩɱɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɺɥɣɰ ɝʀɟɪɫɛɝɣɝ ɺɥ ɢɛɫɮɲɨɣɥʀɝ ɟɩ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ ɂɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɛ ɮ ɬɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɥɨɺ ɢʀɝ ɮɡɠ ɨɛɬɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɮɥɩɫɠɨɣɦɩɬɺ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɨɛ ɝɩɭɲɣɨɮ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɭɠ ɲɣ ɭɠ ɥɨɺɡʀɨɨɺ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɭɣ ǸțȭȔȖȗ ȕțȎȘ ǺȟȠȖȟșȎȐȎ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɟɠɨɭʀɝ ɇʀɡ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɾɧɱɺɧɣ ɨɠɩɟɨɩ ǰȓșȖȘȜȑȜ ɫɛɢɩɝɩ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɹɭɷ ɬɪɛɦɛɰɮɝɛɭɣ ɥɩɨɯɦʀɥɭɣ ɛɦɠ ɢɛɝ ɟɺɥɣ ɭɛɦɛɨɭɮ ʀ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨʀɤ ɧɛɤɬɭɠɫɨɩɬɭʀ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝ ɝɪɫɛɝɨɩ ʁɰ ɟɩɦɛɝ ɨɛɝɩɟɺɲɣ ɦɛɟ ɢɛɦʀɢɨɩɹ ɫɮɥɩɹ Ʉɩɞɩ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɜɮɦɛ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɫɮɬɷɥɩɹ Ɉɛɴɛɟ ɥɣ ɢɞɛɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɛ ɱɠ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɲɣ ©Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɧª Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɝʀɨ ɪɫɣɪɮɬɭɣɝɬɺ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɯɛɭɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɪɩɧɣɦɥɣ ɺɥɛ ɟɛɦɛɬɺ ɝɢɨɛɥɣ ɝɡɠ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɍɛɥ ɮ ɬɮ ɪɠɫɠɲɱʀ ɢɛ ɲɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝ ɪʀɟɭɫɣ ɧɛɝ ɉɦɷɞɩɝɣɲʀɝ ɨɛɴɛɟɥʀɝ ɉɦɠɞɛ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɣɲɛ

ɺɥʀ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɥɩɨɥɮɫɠɨɭɛɧɣ ɇɩɨɩɧɛ ɰɩɝɣɲʀɝ ɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɢɛ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɬɪʀɳɨɩɹ ɜɮɦɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɝʀɟɬʀɲ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɬɪɫɩɜɛɧ ɪɩ ɦɩɝɱʀɝ ɬɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɭɣɬɺ ɬɧɠɫɭɹ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɇɩɨɩɧɛ ɰɛ ɤ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɭɣɬɺ ɝ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɬɭɠɪɣ ɚɥ ɪɣɬɛɝ ǺȟȠȖȟșȎȐ ǰȓșȖȘȖȗ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝ ©ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɪɩɭɮ ɝɭɠɫ ɢɛ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɋɮɬɷɥɮª Ɏ ɫ ɝʀɨ ɢɛɞɨɛɝ ʁɰ ɛɡ ɢɛ Ƚɩɦɞɮ ʀ ɟɛɦʀ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɝɩɹɝɛɝ ʀɢ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛɧɣ ɨɛɥɦɛɟɛɝ ɟɛɨɣɨɮ ɨɛ ɲɮɟɷ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɝ ɟɣɨɛɬɭɣɲɨʀ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ɢʀ ɓɝɠɱʀɾɹ Ɉɩɫɝɠɞʀɾɹ Ɋɩɦɷɴɠɹ ɒɠɰʀɾɹ ɭɛ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɾɹ Ɋɫɩ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɤ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɣɤ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɬɝʀɟɲɣɭɷ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɝɣɪɛɟɩɥ Ɏ ɫ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɥɮɪɱʀ ɴɩ ɪɩɝɠɫɭɛɦɣɬɺ ɢ ɇɩɫɛɝʀʁ ɒɠɬɷɥɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɩɞɫɛɜɩɝɛɨʀ ɪɩ ɦɺɥɛɧɣ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɩ ɪɫɩ ɱɠ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɝʀɟɩɧɩ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɮ ɝʀɨ ɨɠɞɛɤɨɩ ɝʀɟɪɫɛɝɣɝ ɪɩɬɦɛ ɟɩ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ȼɩɦɠɬɦɛɝɛ ɢ ɝɣɧɩɞɩɹ ɝʀɟɳɥɩɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɢɜɣɭɥɣ ɢɛɝɟɛɨʀ ɥɮɪɱɺɧ ȼɩ ɦɠɬɦɛɝ ɨɠɞɛɤɨɩ ɟɛɝ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɴɩ ɥɩɧɪɠɨɬɮɾ ɝɬʀ ɢɜɣɭɥɣ ɛ ɨɛɟɛɦʀ ɨɛɟɛɝɛɭɣɧɠ ɫɮɬɷ ɥɣɧ ɥɮɪɱɺɧ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɮ Ƚɦɛɟɛ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɛɬɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɧʀɱɨɩɹ ɴɩ ɝʀɨ ɨʀɥɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɪɣɭɛɹɲɣ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɝ Ʌɣʁɝ ɜɫɛɭɩɝʀ ɚɫɩɪɩɦɥɮ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɥ ɨɠ ɢɧʀɞ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɭɣ ɾɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɛ ɧʀɡɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥʀ ɮɬɩɜɣɱʀ ɬɪɛɦɛɰɨɮɦɣ ɢ ɨɩɝɩɹ ɬɣɦɩɹ ʀ ɟɮɡɠ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɋɮɬɷ ɫɩɢɪɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɭɩɫɛ ɟɠɬɺɭɥɛ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫʀ ɺɥɣɰ ɜɠɢɪɠɫɠɫɝɨɩ ɢɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɧʀɡ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɢɛ ɪɠɫɳʀɬɭɷ

I ɑɨɦɭ Ɇɫɬɢɫɥɚɜ ȼɨɥɨɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɢɱ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɜ ɩɪɿɡɜɢɫɶɤɨ ȼɟɥɢɤɢɣ"

104

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 3

ȼɂɋɇɈȼɄɂ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ ɜɮɝ ɩɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɝɣɟɛɭɨʀɳɣɰ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɲɛɬʀɝ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ɏɡɠ ɢ ɧɩɦɩɟɣɰ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɝʀɨ ɪɫɩɺɝɦɺɝ ɢɟʀɜɨɩɬɭʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɨɩɞɩ ɟʀɺɲɛ Ɍɭɛɝɳɣ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɛɭɩɫɩɧ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɪɩɦɩɝɠɱɷɥɩʁ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠ ɥɣ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ ɢɟɩɜɮɝ ɬɩɜʀ ɬɦɛɝɮ ɤ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭ ɴɩ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɟɛɦɩ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɬʀɬɭɣ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ɉɛ ɱɠɤ ɲɛɬ ɝʀɨ ɨɛɜɮɝ ɟɩɬɝʀɟɮ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɝɣɺɝɣɝ ɬɠɜɠ ɝɩɦɷɩɝɣɧ ɫɩɢɬɮɟɦɣɝɣɧ ʀ ɫʀɳɮɲɣɧ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɣɧ ɟʀɺɲɠɧ ɥɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɧɛɝ ɜɦɣɬɥɮɲʀ ɢɟʀɜɨɩɬɭʀ ɪɩɦɥɩ ɝɩɟɱɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɮɬɝʀɟɩɧɦɹɝɛɝ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɥɮ ɫɩɢɪɛɟɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɤ ɮɜɛɲɛɝ ɝɣɰʀɟ ʀɢ ɬɣɭɮɛɱʀʁ ɝ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨʀ ɩɟɨɩɩɬʀɜɨɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ Ɏɡɠ ɢ ɪɠɫɳɣɰ ɟɨʀɝ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɝʀɨ ɨɛɪɩɦɠɞɦɣɝɩ ɤɳɩɝ ɟɩ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɧɠɭɣ ɺɥɩʁ ɢɫɠɳɭɩɹ ɤ ɟɩɬɺɞ Ƚʀɨ ɢɧʀɞ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɭɣ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɬɣɨɮ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɮ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɣɝ ɬɪɫɛɝɮ ɜɛɭɷɥɛ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝ ɝɣɺɝɣɝɬɺ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɧ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɠɧ ɾɟɣɨɩʁ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫ ɡɛɝɣ ɁȺɄɊȱɉɂɆɈ ɁɇȺɇɇə ȅȖȚ ȐȳȒȕțȎȥȖșȖȟȭ ȚȜșȜȒȳ ȞȜȘȖ ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞȎ ǺȜțȜȚȎȣȎ" ȍȘȖȚȖ ȏȡșȖ ȝȞȖȥȖțȖ ȝȜȐȟȠȎțțȭ ȘȖȭț ȡ Ȟ " ǵȎȐȒȭȘȖ ȥȜȚȡ ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞ ǺȜțȜȚȎȣ ȟȝȞȜȚȳȑȟȭ ȐȳȒțȜȐȖȠȖ ȱȒțȳȟȠȪ ǸȖȴȐȟȪȘȜȴ ȒȓȞȔȎȐȖ" ȅȜȚȡ ǺȟȠȖȟșȎȐȎ ǰȓșȖȘȜȑȜ ȐȐȎȔȎȬȠȪ ȜȟȠȎțțȳȚ ȘțȭȕȓȚ ȱȒȖțȜȴ ǸȖȴȐȟȪȘȜȴ ȒȓȞȔȎȐȖ" ȅȖ ȚȜȔțȎ ȐȐȎȔȎȠȖ ȑȜșȜȐțȜȬ ȒȡȚȘȜȬ ©ǽȜȐȥȎțțȭª ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞȎ ǺȜțȜȚȎȣȎ ȐȳȒȐȓȞțȓțțȭ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȪȘȜȴ ȚȳȔȡȟȜȏȖȤȳ ȠȎ ȕȏȓȞȓȔȓțțȭ ȱȒțȜȟȠȳ Ǿȡȟȳ" DzȜȐȓȒȳȠȪ ȥȖ ȟȝȞȜȟȠȡȗȠȓ Ȥȓ ȟȝȖȞȎȬȥȖȟȪ țȎ ȠȓȘȟȠ ©ǽȜȐȥȎțțȭª

ÏÐÀÊÒÈ×ÍÅ ÇÀÍßÒÒß ¹3 «ÏÎÂ×ÀÍÍß Ä²ÒßÌ» ÂÎËÎÄÈÌÈÐÀ ÌÎÍÎÌÀÕÀ — ÊÎÄÅÊÑ ÍÀÑÒÀÍΠÊÍßDzÂÑÜÊί ÐÎÄÈÍÈ ɐȲȿ ɋɉȼɉɍɃ

ɉɢɨɛɤɩɧɣɭɣɬɺ ɢ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɣɧ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɩɧ Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɛ ɫɩɜɩɭɛ ɢ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɩɧ

Ɋɫɩɲɣɭɛɭɣ ɭɠɥɬɭ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɝ ɪɩ ɬɩɜʀ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɷ ɨɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɺɥ ɭɛɦɛɨɩɝɣɭɣɤ ɪɩɦ ɥɩɝɩɟɠɱɷ ʀ ɟɛɦɠɥɩɞɦɺɟɨɣɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɣɤ ɟʀɺɲ ɛ ɤ ɺɥ ɝɣɟɛɭɨɣɤ ɪɣɬɷɧɠɨɨɣɥ ɬɝɩ ɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ Ʉɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɮ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɰɮɟɩɡɨʀɤ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɨɩ ɪɮɜɦʀɱɣɬɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɭɝʀɫ ©Ɋɩɝɲɛɨɨɺª Ɋʀɟ ɩɟɨʀɾɹ ɨɛɢɝɩɹ ɝ ©Ɋɩɝɲɛɨɨʀª ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɩ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɨʀ ɭɝɩɫɣ ©Ɋɩɝɲɛɨɨɺ ɟʀɭɺɧª ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɾɪɣɬ ɦɣɬɭ ɟɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɉɦɠɞɛ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɣɲɛ Ⱦɩɫɣɬɦɛɝɣɲɛ ɭɛ ɧɩɦɣɭɝɛ Ȼɦɠ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɤ ɺɥ ɨɠɴɩɟɛɝɨɩ ɢ·ɺɬɮɝɛɦɣ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɣ ɨɠ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɪɠɫɮ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ Ɉɛɤɱʀɥɛɝʀɳɣɧ ɮ ɢʀɜɫɛɨɨʀ ɾ ©Ɋɩɝɲɛɨɨɺ ɟʀɭɺɧª Ɏ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɭɝɩɫʀ ɬɭɛɫɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɪɫɣɞɛɟɮɾ ɧɣɨɮɦʀ ɫɩɥɣ ɩɪɣɬɮɾ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɭɛ ɨɠ ɪɫɣɰɩɝɮɾ ɪɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɪɩ ɧɣɦɩɥ ɺɥɣɰ ɪɫɣɪɮɬɭɣɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɟɩɝɞɩɧɮ ɡɣɭɭɾɝɩɧɮ ɳɦɺɰɮ ɍɝʀɫ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɨɣɤ ɮ ɟɠɴɩ ɬɥɩɫɜɩɭɨɩɧɮ ɭɩɨʀ ɑɠ ɤɧɩɝʀɫɨɩ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɩɺɬɨɣɭɣ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ ɝʀɟɲɮɝɛɝ ɨɠ ɟɩɬɺɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɭɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɤ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ʀɟɠɛɦɮ ɟɩ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɝ ɍɩɞɩɲɛɬɨʀ ɫɠɛɦʀʁ ɪɫɣɧɮɳɮɝɛɦɣ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɜɫɛɭɣ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɮ ɧʀɡɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɮɬɩɜɣɱɺɰ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɛ ɭɣɬɺ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɪɫɣɨɱɣɪɛɧɣ ɉɟɨɛɲɠ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɝɬɺ ɢɛɬɭɠɫɠɞɭɣ ɨɛɴɛɟɥʀɝ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɧɣɦɩɥ ɋɩɢɮɧʀɹɲɣ ɴɩ ɬɣɨɛɧ ɟɩɝɠɟɠɭɷɬɺ ɮɪɫɛɝɦɺɭɣ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛɧɣ ɝʀɨ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɝɬɺ ɟɛɭɣ ɱʀɨɨʀ ɪɩɫɛɟɣ ɺɥʀ ɨɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɮɧɥɮ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɦɣ ɜ ʁɧ ɮɨɣɥɨɮɭɣ ɬɠɫɤɩɢɨɣɰ ɪɫɩ ɫɛɰɮɨɥʀɝ Ɉɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɝʀɨ ɫɛɟɣɝ ʁɧ ɟɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɲɠɬɨɩɭ ©Ɉɠ ɟɛɝɛɤɭɠ ɬɣɦɷɨɣɧ ɪɩɞɮɜɣɭɣ ɦɹɟɣɨɮª Ƚʀɨ ɰɩɭʀɝ ɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɬɣɨʀɝ ɟɩɜɫɣɧɣ ɬɪʀɝɲɮɭɦɣɝɣ ɧɣ ɟɩ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɩɫɺ ɪɫɣɝʀɭɨɣɧɣ ɦɹɟɺ ɨɣɧɣ ɂɛɥɦɣɥɛɝ ɪɫɩɺɝɦɺɭɣ ɧɣɦɩɬɠɫɟɺ ɭɛ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɱʀɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɢɛɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɝ ɬɣɨʀɝ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɫɮ ɳɠɨɨɺ ɥɦɺɭɝɣ ɜɫɠɰɨʀ ɪɣɺɱɭɝɛ ʀ ɫɩɢɪɮ ɬɭɣ ɮɲɣɝ ɳɛɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɭɛɫɳɣɰ ʀ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨ ɬɭɝɩ ɥɩɰɛɭɣ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɮ ɛɦɠ ɪɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɨɠ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɺɭɣ ʁɤ ɥɠɫɮɝɛɭɣ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥɩɧ Ɏ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɝɲɛɨɨɺɰ ɬɣɨɛɧ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɧ ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞ ǺȜțȜȚȎȣ ȝȳȟșȭ ȝȜșȬȐȎțțȭ ɜɮɦɩ ɪʀɥɦɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɫʀɟɨɮ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɭɛ ɪʀɟ ȣȡȒ ǰ ǰȎȟțȱȤȜȐ

106

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 3

ɟɛɨɣɰ ɨɠ ɢɛɝɟɛɝɛɭɣ ʁɧ ɪɫɣɥɫɩɴʀɝ ɚɥ ɧɮɟɫɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ ɪɫɛɞ ɨɮɝ ɪɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɭɣ ɬɣɨʀɝ ɮ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɨɛɝɲɛɨɨɺ ©Ȼ ɥɩɦɣ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɴɩɬɷ ɮɧʀɾɭɠ ³ ɭɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɢɛɜɮɝɛɤɭɠ ɛ ɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɝɧʀɾɭɠ ³ ɭɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɨɛɝɲɛɤɭɠɬɺ Ɇʀɨɩɴʀ ɡ ³ ɮɬɷɩɧɮ ɦɣɰɩɧɮ

ɧɛɭɣ ɴɩ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɝɧʀɾ ³ ɭɠ ɢɛɜɮɟɠ ɛ ɲɩɞɩ ɡ ɨɠ ɝɧʀɾ ³ ɭɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɨɛɝɲɣɭɷɬɺª

ɋɩɜɩɭɛ ɢ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɩɧ Ȳɢ ©Ɋɩɝɲɛɨɨɺ ɟʀɭɺɧª Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ © Ȼ ɬɠ ³ ɧʀɢɠɫɨɩɞɩ ɬɦɛɜɩɞɩ ɮɧɛ ɧɩɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɮɲɠɨɨɺ Ɋɩɬɦɮɰɛɤɭɠ ɧɠɨɠ ɺɥɴɩ ɨɠ ɝɬɠ ɪɫɣɤɧʀɭɠ ɭɩ ɰɩɲ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɮ Ɏɬɷɩɞɩ ɡ ɪɛɲɠ ³ ɮɜɩɞɣɰ ɨɠ ɢɛɜɮɝɛɤɭɠ ɛɦɠ ɨɛɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɾ ɢɧɩɞɛ ɪɩ ɬɣɦʀ ɞɩɟɮɤɭɠ ɤ ɪɩɟɛɝɛɤɭɠ ɬɣɫɩɭʀ ʀ ɢɛ ɝɟɩɝɣɱɹ ɝɬɭɮɪɣɭɠɬɷ ɬɛɧʀ ɛ ɨɠ ɟɛɝɛɤɭɠ ɬɣɦɷɨɣɧ ɪɩɞɮɜɣɭɣ ɦɹɟɣɨɮ Ɉʀ ɪɫɛɝɩɞɩ ɨʀ ɝɣɨɨɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɝɜɣɝɛɤɭɠ ʀ ɨɠ ɪɩɝɠɦʀɝɛɤɭɠ ɝɜɣɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɺɥɴɩ ɰɭɩ ʀ ɜɮɟɠ ɟɩɬɭɩʁɨ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɭɩ ɨɠ ɪɩɞɮɜɦɺɤɭɠ ɨʀɺɥɩʁ ɟɮɳʀ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ Ɋɛɲɠ ɝɬɷɩɞɩ ³ ɞɩɫɟɩɬɭʀ ɨɠ ɧɛɤɭɠ ɝ ɬɠɫɱʀ ʀ ɝ ɮɧʀ Ɍɭɛɫɣɰ ɳɛɨɮɤ ɺɥ ɩɭɱɺ ɛ ɧɩɦɩɟɣɰ ³ ɺɥ ɜɫɛɭʀɝ Ɏ ɟɩɧʀ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɨɠ ɦʀ ɨɮɤɭɠɬɺ ɛ ɢɛ ɝɬʀɧ ɟɣɝʀɭɷɬɺ Ɉɛ ɝʀɤɨɮ ɝɣɤɳɩɝɳɣ ɨɠ ɦʀɨɮɤɭɠɬɺ ɨɠ ɪɩɥɦɛ ɟɛɤɭɠɬɺ ɨɛ ɝɩɾɝɩɟ Ɉʀ ɪɣɭɭɹ ɨʀ ʁɟʀ ɨɠ ɪɩɭɮɫɛɤɭɠ ɨʀ ɬɪɛɨɨɹ ȼɠɫɠɡɣɬɺ ɜɫɠɰɨʀ ʀ ɪɣɺɱɭɝɛ ʀ ɜɦɮɟɮ ɜɩ ɝ ɬɷɩɧɮ ɟɮɳɛ ɪɩɞɣɜɛɾ ʀ ɭʀɦɩ ɨɠɟɮɡɩɞɩ ɩɟɝʀɟɛɤɭɠ ɢɛ ɧɠɫɱɠɧ ʀɟʀɭɠ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɝɬʀ ɧɣ ɬɧɠɫɭɨʀ ɾɬɧɩ Ȳ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥɛ ɨɠ ɧɣɨʀɭɷ ɨɠ ɪɫɣɝʀɭɛɝɳɣ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɬɦɩɝɩ ɤɩɧɮ ɪɩɟɛɤɭɠª

I Ɂ ɹɤɨɸ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɰɟɣ ɬɜɿɪ" ɑɨɝɨ ɧɚɜɱɚɜ ɫɜɨʀɯ ɞɿɬɟɣ ȼɨɥɨɞɢɦɢɪ Ɇɨɧɨɦɚɯ" ɑɨɦɭ ɫɚɦɟ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɯɨɬɿɜ ɛɚɱɢɬɢ ɫɜɨʀɯ ɞɿɬɟɣ ȼɨɥɨɞɢɦɢɪ" əɤɿ ɞɭɦɤɢ ɤɧɹɡɹ ɽ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɣ ɡɚɪɚɡ"

ɂɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɩɥ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ ɟɩ ɧɠɭɣ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ

ɚɥɛ ɭɠɧɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɫɩɝʀɟɨɩɹ ɮ ɭɝɩɫʀ"

ɔɩ ɰɩɭʀɝ ɟɩɨɠɬɭɣ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɨɛɴɛɟɥɛɧ"

§ 12–13. ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÈ ÐÎÇÄÐÎÁËÅÍÎÑÒ² ÊȯÂÑÜÊί ÄÅÐÆÀÂÈ. ÐÎÇÂÈÒÎÊ ÊȯÂÑÜÊÎÃÎ, ÏÅÐÅßÑËÀÂÑÜÊÎÃÎ ² ×ÅÐͲÃÎÂÎ-ѲÂÅÐÑÜÊÎÃÎ, ÃÀËÈÖÜÊÎÃÎ ² ÂÎËÈÍÑÜÊÎÃÎ ÊÍßDzÂÑÒ Ɋɫɣɲɣɨɣ ɫɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨɩɬɭʀ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ʌʀɨɠɱɷ ɐȲ ² ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɛ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɮɝʀɤɳɦɣ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɺɥ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɫɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨɩɬɭʀ ɉɥɫɠɧʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɦɣ ɟɩ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ Ɏɡɠ ɮ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɋɮɬʀ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɠ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɠ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ɇɮɫɩɧɬɷɥɠ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɠ Ɋɩɦɩɱɷɥɩ ɇʀɨɬɷɥɠ ɋɩɬɭɩɝɩ Ɍɮɢɟɛɦɷɬɷɥɠ Ɍɧɩɦɠɨɬɷɥɠ ɍɧɮɭɛɫɛɥɛɨɬɷɥɠ ɍɮɫɩɝɩ Ɋʀɨɬɷɥɠ ɒɠɫɨʀɞɩ ɝɩ Ɍʀɝɠɫɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɭɛ Ɉɩɝɞɩɫɩɟɬɷɥɛ ʀ Ɋɬɥɩɝɬɷɥɛ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɩɹ ɫɣɬɩɹ ɫɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨɩɬɭʀ ɜɮɝ ʁʁ ɪɫɩɞɫɠɬɮɹɲɣɤ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ ɍɛɥ ɺɥɴɩ ɮ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɩɬɺ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɭɩ ʁɰɨɺ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɦɛ ɛ ɝ ɐȲ9 ɬɭ ³ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ ɋɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨɨɺ ɟʀɬɭɛɦɩ ɝ ɨɛɮɱʀ ɨɛɢɝɮ ©ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɩɞɩª ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɦɷ ɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɛɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɮɭɝɠɫɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɤ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɣɤ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɢɠɧɦɠ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɝɣɫʀɢɨɠɨɨɺ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ʀ ɪɩɺɝɛ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɱɠɨɭɫʀɝ ʁɰɨɾ ɪɫɛɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɩɬɭʀ ɭɛ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨɩɬɭʀ ɝʀɟ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɩɞɩ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɞɩ ɱɠɨɭɫɮ ³ Ʌɣɾɝɛ Ɉɛɭɩɧʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɮ ɫɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨʀɬɭɷ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɣɦɣ ɟɠ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɯɛɥɭɩɫʀɝ Ɋɩ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝʀɟɬɮɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɫɩɢɞɛɦɮɡɠɨɩɞɩ ɠɯɠɥɭɣɝɨɩ ɞɩ ɛɪɛɫɛɭɮ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ Ɉɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ ɋɮɬɷ ɢɛɤɧɛɦɛ ɪɦɩɴɮ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɭɣɬ ɥɧ2 ɴɩ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɩ ɝʀɟ ɩɜɬɭɛɝɣɨ ɧɩɞɦɩ ɜɮɭɣ ɛɜɩ ɬɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩʁ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɩɬɭʀ ɛɜɩ ɡ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɩɧ ɬɦɛɜ ɥɩɬɭʀ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɨɛ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɨɠ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɝ ɟɩɬɭɛɭɨɷɩ ɧʀɱɨɣɧ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨɣɧ ʀ ɫɩɢ ɞɛɦɮɡɠɨɣɧ ɛɪɛɫɛɭɩɧ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɯɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɨɠ ɧɛɝ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɠɨɩʁ ɧɠɫɠɡʀ ɟɩɫʀɞ ɳɝɣɟɥɣɰ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɭɫɛɨɬɪɩɫɭɮ ɲɣ ɢɛɬɩɜʀɝ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɮ ɟɦɺ ɠɯɠɥɭɣɝɨɩɞɩ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɦɛɟɨɣɰ ɪɩɝɨɩɝɛɡɠɨɷ ɨɛ ɭɛɥʀɤ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨʀɤ ɭɠɫɣɭɩ ɫʀʁ ɍɩɧɮ ɝ ɢɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɡɠɨɨʀ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɺɧ ɟɩɝɩɟɣɦɩɬɺ ɪɩɥɦɛɟɛɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɮɟʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫʀɝ ɺɥɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɩɜɭɺ ɡɮɝɛɦɛ ɭɛɥɛ ɢɝɠɫɰɨʀɬɭɷ ȿɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɛɧʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɪɩɬʀɬɭɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɩ ɥɨɺɡɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ Ɋɩ ɟɫɮɞɠ ɠɭɨʀɲɨɛ ɨɠɩɟɨɩɫʀɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɨɛ ɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ɉɠ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɩ ɧʀɱɨɩɬɭʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ʀ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɝ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥʀɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ ɪɩɫɮɲ ɢʀ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɛɧɣ DzȐȳȞ ȡȒȳșȪțȜȑȜ Șțȭȕȭ ȣȡȒ Ǯ ǰȎȟțȱȤȜȐ

108

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 3

ɴɩ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɦɣ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩɡɣɝɛɦɩ ɪɩɨɛɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɨɛ ɪʀɝ ɨɩɲʀ ɤ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɬɰɩɟʀ ³ ɲɮɟɷ ɝɠɬɷ ɧɠɫɺ ɧɮɫɩɧɛ ɧɩɫɟɝɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ³ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞɣ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀ ɭɮɫɥɣ ɥɛɫɛɥɛɦɪɛɥɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ³ ɦɣɭɝɛ ʀ ɺɭɝɺɞɣ ȼʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɱɣɰ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɬɣɦɩɹ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɦɣ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɛɜɩ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɩɫɩɡʀ ʁɧ Ɋɩ ɭɫɠɭɾ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɢɠɧɦɠɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɇʀɫɩɹ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ ʀ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨ ɢɧʀɱɨɹɝɛɦɩɬɷ ʀ ɝɠɦɣɥɠ ɢɠɧɦɠɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ȼɛɢɮɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɨɛɭɮɫɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝʀ ɝɩɨɩ ɪɩɬɣɦɣɦɩ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ʀ ɜɩɺɫ ɺɥʀ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɲɠɫɞɩɹ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɦɣ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩʁ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɩɬɭʀ ɭɛ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɝʀɟɩɥɫɠɧɦɠɨɩɬɭʀ Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɢɠɧɦɠɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɫʀɢɨɣɧɣ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɛɧɣ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɩʁ ɩɜɴɣɨɣ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɨɺɧ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɢɠ ɧɠɦɷ ɭɛ ʁɰɨɷɩɹ ɥɮɪʀɝɦɠɹ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɐȲ ² ɮ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ ɨɛɜɮɝɛɾ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɛɥɭɣ ɥɛ ɫɩɢɟɛɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɜɩɺɫɛɧ ʀ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɨɣ ɥɛɧ ɮ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɝɠ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɝɩɭɲɣɨɮ ɝ ɨɛ ɞɩɫɩɟɮ ɢɛ ɬɦɮɡɜɮ ɥɨɺɢɹ ɂɛ ɪʀɟɫɛɰɮɨɥɛɧɣ ɯɛɰʀɝɱʀɝ ɝɩɭɲɣɨɨɣɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɮɬʀɰ ɫɛɨɞʀɝ ɮ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥʀɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɭɫɣ ɭɣ ǸțȭȕȳȐȟȪȘȎ ȡȟȜȏȖȤȭ ɬɺɲʀ Ɍɪɠɫɳɮ ɱɠ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɩ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɹ ɱɠɨ ȚȳțȳȎȠȬȞȎ ȕ șȳȠȜȝȖȟȡ

ɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɛɟɡɠ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɥɩɡɠɨ ʀɢ ɨɩ ɝɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɠɝɦɛɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɬɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɹɲɣɬɷ ɮ ɝɦɛɬɨʀɤ ɝɩɭɲɣɨʀ ɺɥ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɩ ɬɪɣɫɛɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ȼɦɠ ɱʀɦɥɩɧ ɩɪɛɨɮɝɛɝɳɣ ɪʀɟɝɦɛɟɨʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɝɳɣ ɬɝʀɤ ɛɪɛɫɛɭ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɮ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɛ ɝɠɫɰʀɝɥɛ ɟɠɟɛɦʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɝʀɟɲɮɝɛɾ ʁʁ ɪɩ ɭɺɞ ɟɩ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩʁ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɩɬɭʀ ɭɛ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɝʀɟɩɥɫɠɧɦɠɨɩɬɭʀ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ɋɩ ɲɠɭɝɠɫɭɠ ɝʀɟɬɮɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɲʀɭɥɩɞɩ ɨɠɢɧʀɨɨɩɞɩ ɧɠɰɛɨʀɢɧɮ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɾɧɨɩɬɭʀ ɥɨɺ ɢʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ Ɍɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɟɩɧʀɨɮɝɛɝ ©ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɤª ɪɫɣɨɱɣɪ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɾɧɨɩɬɭʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɝʀɟ ɬɭɛɫɳɩɞɩ ɟɩ ɧɩɦɩɟɳɩɞɩ ɛ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɬɭɛɫɳɩɞɩ ɪɩ ɥɩɦʀɨɨɺ ³ ɝʀɟ ɬɣɨɛ ɬɭɛɫɳɩɞɩ ɜɫɛɭɛ ɟɩ ɬɣɨɛ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɩɞɩ ɢɛ ɝʀɥɩɧ Ɋɩɧʀɭɨɠ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɠɨɨɺ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɨɛɴɛɟɥʀɝ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣ ɧɣɫɛ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɣɲɛ ɭɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɇɮɟɫɩɞɩ ɢɮɧɩɝɣɦɩ ɭɩɤ ɯɛɥɭ ɴɩ ɝɡɠ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɐȲ ɬɭ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɝɣɰɩɟɺɲɣ ɢ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɰ ʀɨɭɠɫɠɬʀɝ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɠɨɠɫɞʀɤɨɩ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɭɣ ɢɛ ©ɝɩɭ ɲɣɨɨɣɤª ɛɜɩ ©ɝɠɫɭɣɥɛɦɷɨɣɤª ɪɫɣɨɱɣɪ ɝʀɟ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝ ɟɩ ɬɣɨɛ Ɋɛɫɛɦɠɦɷɨɠ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɨɛɥɦɛɟɛɨɨɺ ɱɣɰ ɟɝɩɰ ɪɫɣɨɱɣɪʀɝ ɨɠɝɣɢɨɛɲɠɨʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɨɠɝɫɠɞɮɦɷɩɝɛɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦɩɨɛɬɦʀɟɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɬɮɭɭɾɝɩ ɫɩɢɰɣɭɮ ɝɛɦɣ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɣ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɤ ɢɧʀɬɭ ɧʀɡ ȁȒȳșȪțȳ Șțȭȕȳ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) ó äðóã³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² – ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ²²² ñò.

ǸȖȴȐȟȪȘȎ ȒȓȞȔȎȐȎ țȎȝȞȖȘȳțȤȳ ȃǥǥ ² țȎ ȝȜȥȎȠȘȡ ȃǥǥǥ ȟȠ

109

110

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 3

ɮɬɩɜɨɣɰ ɝʀɤɨ ɮ ɱɠɨɭɫʀ ɺɥɣɰ ɢɟɠɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɝ Ʌɣʁɝ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɜɮɝ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɬɣɧɝɩɦɩɧ ɛ ɤ ɢɛɬɩɜɩɧ ɝɦɛɟɣ Ɋɩ ɪ·ɺɭɠ ɢɧʀɨɣɦɛɬɺ ɬɣɭɮɛɱʀɺ ɝ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɍɛɥ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɐȲ ɬɭ ɪɩɦɩɝɠɱɷ ɥʀ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɴɛ ɯɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɪɠɫɠɫʀɢɛɦɣ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨʀ ɳɦɺɰɣ ɟɩ ɒɩɫɨɩɞɩ ɭɛ Ʌɛɬ ɪʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɫʀɝ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɤɩɢɨɩɞɩ ɮɟɛɫɮ ɪɩ ɭɫɛɨɢɣɭɨʀɤ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɨɛɨɠɬɠɨɩ ɟɝɩɧɛ ɪɩɟʀɺɧɣ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɩ ɪɠɫɳɠ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɺ ɝ ɫ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɮ ɮ ɝʀɤɨʀ ɢ Ɍɣɱɣɦʀɾɹ ɟɛɦɛ ɟɩɢɝʀɦ Ƚɠɨɠɱʀʁ ɭɩɫɞɮɝɛɭɣ ɜɠɢ ɧɣɭɛ ʀ ɧɛɭɣ ɪɩɫɭɣ ɨɛ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɪɩ ɟɫɮɞɠ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɦɣ ɟɦɺ ʀɭɛɦʀɤ ɬɷɥɣɰ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɰ ʀ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɳɦɺɰ ɨɛ Ɍɰʀɟ ɜɠɢɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩ ɢ·ɾɟɨɛɦɣ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪɮ ɢ ɇɛɦɩɹ Ȼɢʀɾɹ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɾɹ ȿɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɮ ɫ Ʌɩɨ ɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷ ɺɥɣɤ ɜɮɝ ɥɦɹɲɩɝɣɧ ɪɮɨɥɭɩɧ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɳɦɺɰɮ ©ʀɢ ɝɛɫɺɞʀɝ ɮ ɞɫɠɥɣª ɬɭɛɝ ɡɠɫɭɝɩɹ ɲɠɭɝɠɫɭɩɞɩ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ Ɏɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɱɷɩɞɩ Ʌɣʁɝ ɢɛ ɦɣɳɣɝɬɺ ɪɩɢɛ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɳɦɺɰɛɧɣ ɍɛɥɣɤ ɬɭɛɨ ɫɠɲɠɤ ɢɮɧɩɝɣɝ ɪɠɝɨɣɤ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɺɥ ɱɠɨɭɫɮ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɂ·ɺɝɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɩɝʀ ɱɠɨɭɫɣ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɤ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨʀ ɳɦɺɰɣ ȿɠɟɛɦʀ ɬɠɫɤɩɢɨʀɳɠ ɪɫɩ ɬɠɜɠ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɹɭɷ ɢɛɺɝɦɺɭɣ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɲ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɨɛ Ʌɦɺɢɷɧʀ Ɉɩɝɞɩɫɩɟ Ɍɧɩɦɠɨɬɷɥ Ɋɩɦɩɱɷɥ Ɍɦʀɟ ɪʀɟɥɫɠɬɦɣ ɭɣ ɴɩ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɹɲʀ ɨɛ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɝ ɱɠɤ ɲɛɬ ɬɭɛɝɛɦɣ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɩɧ ɯʀɨɛɨɬɩɝɣɰ ɟɩɰɩ ɟʀɝ ɩɪɩɫɩɹ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɝɪɦɣɝɮ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ɋɩ ɳɩɬɭɠ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɨɛɪɛɟɣ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɥʀɝ ʀ ɝɭɫɮɲɛɨɨɺ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɮ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳ ɨʀ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɇɣɳɠ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀ ɢɛ ɬɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɱʀɝ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɦɣ ɝ ² ɫɫ ɝɠɦɣ ɥɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ ɨɛ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɰɩɲɛ ɺɥ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɥɣ ɨɛɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ʁɰ ɜɮɦɩ ɨɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ȿɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɜɫɛɦɣ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɮ ɧʀɡɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɮɬɩɜɣɱɺɰ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɨɠɩɟɨɩɫɛɢɩɝɩ ɝ ɧʀɡɮɬɩɜ ɨʀɤ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɜɫɛɦɣ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦʀ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɣ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ɭɩɴɩ ɺɥʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɪɫɣɰɩ ɪɣɭɣ ʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɋɮɬʀ Ɋɠɫʀɩɟ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɫɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨɩɬɭʀ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɾ ɢɛɥɩɨɩ ɧʀɫɨɣɧ ɠɭɛɪɩɧ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɾ ɨɠ ɩɬɩɜ ɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɫɮɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɛ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥʀ ɭɠɨɟɠɨɱʀʁ Ƚʀɨ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɟɜɛɲɛɾ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟ ɛ ɨɛɝɪɛɥɣ ³ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɫɠɞʀɩɨʀɝ Ɏ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɫɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨɩɬɭʀ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ Ʌɣʁɝ ɬɷɥɠ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɬɷɥɠ Ɉɩɝɞɩɫɩɟ Ɍʀɝɠɫ ɬɷɥɠ ɝɣɩɥɫɠɧɣɦɩɬɺ ɢ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ

ǽȜșȜȐȓȤȪȘȖȗ ȐȓȞȦțȖȘ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) ó äðóã³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² – ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ²²² ñò.

111

Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɠ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɠ ɭɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀ ɟɝɛ ɝ ɫ ɜɮɦɣ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨʀ ɝ ɾɟɣɨɠ

ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝʀɬɭɹ ɧʀɡɮɬɩɜɨɩʁ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɜɮɦɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɝɩɨɛ ɨɠ ɢɝɩɟɣɦɛɬɺ ɟɩ ɝɣɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɢʀɤ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɣ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɜɮɦɣ ɺɥ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɩ ɨɠɪɩɫɮɳɨɣɧɣ ɂɧʀɨɛ ɥɩɫɟɩɨʀɝ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɝ ɫɛɢʀ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɮ ɮɟʀɦɮ ɝʀɟ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɟɩ ʀɨɳɩɞɩ ɔɠ ɩɟɨʀɾɹ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝʀɬɭɹ ɜɮɦɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɝɬʀ ɮɟʀɦɷɨʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɧʀɡ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɫɩɟɣɲɛɧɣ ʀ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɦɣ ɟɩ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ³ ɋɹɫɣɥɩɝɣɲʀɝ

I əɤɿ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɪɨɡɞɪɨɛɥɟɧɨɫɬɿ Ʉɢʀɜɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ" əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɪɨɡɞɪɨɛɥɟɧɨɫɬɿ" Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɂ ɪɩɧʀɡ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɨɛɤɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɪɩɬʀɟɛɦɩ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ʌɣʁɝɴɣɨɛ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɦɛ ɟɩ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɠɨɣɰ ɝ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɛɬɪɠɥɭʀ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɋɮɬʀ ɮ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɛɰ ɢɞɛɟɮɹɭɷɬɺ ʁʁ ɧʀɬɭ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨɠ ɧʀɬɭɩ ³ Ʌɣʁɝ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɭɩɟʀ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɦɩ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɭɣɬ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɇʀɬɭɛ ɜɮɦɣ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɧɣ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɛ ʀ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɒɠɫɠɢ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɪɫɩɦɺɞɛɦɣ Ⱦɫɠɱɷɥɣɤ Ɍɩɦɺɨɣɤ ʀ ɂɛɦɩɢɨɣɤ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨʀ ɳɦɺɰɣ ɉɬɨɩɝɮ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɩ ɩɫɨɠ ɢɠɧɦɠɫɩɜɬɭɝɩ Ʌɣʁɝ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɝɬɺ ɫɠɦʀɞʀɤɨɣɧ ɱɠɨɭɫɩɧ ɋɮɬʀ ɥɮɟɣ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɦɣ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɭɣ ɪɫɩɲɛɨɣ ɢ ɮɬʀɰ ɥɮɭɩɲɥʀɝ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɛ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɛ ɟɛɝɨʀɧ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɣɧ ʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɧ ɱɠɨɭɫɩɧ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɮ ɝʀɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɨɛ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɝɮ ɝɩɭɲɣɨɮ ɺɥɩʁɬɷ ʀɢ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɦʀɨʀɤ Ɏɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɐȲȲ ² ɪɠɫɳɩʁ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɣ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɟɩ ɨɠʁ ɬɭɛɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɺɥ ɟɩ ɝɦɛɬɨɩɬɭʀ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦɮ ʀ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɺɥ ɟɩ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɫɮɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɫɩɟɮ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɫɺɟ ɮɟʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ Ƚɣɳɞɩɫɩɟɬɷɥɠ ȼʀɦɞɩɫɩɟɬɷɥɠ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥʀɝɬɷɥɠ ȼɫɺɞʀɨɬɷɥɠ ɍɩɫɲɠɬɷɥɠ Ɋɩɫɩɬɷɥɠ ɇɣɰɛɤɦʀɝɬɷɥɠ ɍɫɣɪʀɦɷɬɷɥɠ Ʌɛɨʀɝɬɷɥɠ ȼɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢɛ Ʌɣʁɝ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɨɛɜɮɝɛɦɛ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɞɩ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜɮ Ɇɣɳɠ ɢɛ ɩɟɨɠ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ ² ɫɫ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɣɝ ɝʀɟ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɟɩ ʀɨɳɩɞɩ Ɏ ɰ ɫɩɥɛɰ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ ɫɩɢɞɩɫɨɮɦɛɬɺ ɡɩɫɬɭɩɥɛ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢɛ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɧʀɡ ɫɩɟɛɧɣ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɩɝɣɲʀɝ ʀ ɉɦɷɞɩɝɣɲʀɝ ɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɧʀɡ ɫʀɢɨɣɧɣ ɞʀɦɥɛɧɣ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɩɝɣɲʀɝ Ɏ ɱʀɤ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɜɫɛɦɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɢɛ ɬɩɹɢɨɣɥʀɝ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ɪɩɦɺɥʀɝ ɦɣɭɩɝɱʀɝ ɭɛ ɮɞɩɫɱʀɝ Ɏ ɭɛɥʀɤ ɥɨɺɡʀɤ ɥɩɦɩɭɨɠɲʀ ɯɛɥɭɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɺɧɣ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɜɩɺɫɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝɣɞɛɨɺɦɣ ɛɜɩ ɭɫɮʁɦɣ ɨɠɜɛɡɛɨɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɢɛɪɫɩɳɮɝɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɭɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɺɥɣɤ ʁɧ ɪɩɟɩɜɛɝɬɺ ǰȳȗȟȪȘȜ ǮțȒȞȳȭ ǯȜȑȜșȬȏȟȪȘȜȑȜ ɍɛɥ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɬɭɛɦɩɬɺ ɢ ɝɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɩ ɬɮɢɟɛɦɷȐȒȖȞȎȱȠȪȟȭ ȒȜ ǸȖȱȐȎ ɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ əɫʀɾɧ ȿɩɦɞɩɫɮɥɣɧ ɺɥɣɤ ɭɫɣɲʀ ɢɛɰɩɪ

112

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 3

ʀɭɩɪɣɬ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɞɫɩɧ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɩɹ Ȼɨɟɫʀɺ ȼɩɞɩɦɹɜɬɷɥɩ Ɇ ɞɩ ɫ

©Ȳ ɞɫɛɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɟɝɛ ɟɨʀ ɮɝɠɬɷ ɞɩɫɩɟ ³ Ɋɩɟʀɦɦɺ ʀ Ⱦɩɫɮ ʀ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀ ʀ Ɍɩɯʀɹ ʀ ȿɠɬɺɭɣɨɨɮ ȼɩɞɩɫɩɟɣɱɹ Ȳ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɧɣɦɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨʀɥɩɧɮ ʀ ɨʀɢɝʀɟ ɥɣ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɞɩɫʀɦɣ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ ɮɜɣɝɛɦɣ ɛ ɟɫɮɞɣɰ ɝ·ɺɢɛɦɣ ɡʀɨɩɥ ɝɠɦɣ ɝ ɪɩ ɦɩɨ ɬɣɦɩɧʀɱɷ ɫɩɢɦɮɲɮɹɲɣ ʀɢ ɧɮɡɛɧɣ ʁɰɨʀɧɣ ȿʀɭɣ ɫɣɟɛɦɣ ɟɣɝɦɺɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɝ ɬɝɩʁɰ Ȳ ɝɢɺɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɧɛɤɨɛ ɜɠɢ ɫɛɰɮɨɥɮ ʀ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɩɞɩɦɣɦɣ ɝʀɟ ʀɥɩɨ ʀ ɥɨɣɞ ʀ ɫɣɢ ʀ ɟɢɝɩɨɣ ɪɩɢɨʀɧɛɦɣ ʀ ɝɬʀ ɬɝɺɭɣɨʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɛɜɫɛɨʀ ɂɛɪɛɦɠɨɣɤ ɜɮɝ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫ Ɋɠɲɠɫɬɷɥɣɤ Ȳ ɜɮɝ ɮ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɮɬʀɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɬɭɩɞʀɨ ʀ ɭɮɞɛ ʀ ɬɥɩɫɜɩɭɛ ɨɠɝɭɣɳɣɧɛ ʀ ɬɦɷɩɢɣ ɜɠɢɪɠɫɠɬɭɛɨɨʀª

I ȱɡ ɹɤɨɸ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɛɭɥɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɟɧɨ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɩɨɝɪɨɦ ɦɿɫɬɚ" ɑɨɦɭ ɜ ɰɟɪɤɜɚɯ ɛɭɥɨ ɡɚɛɪɚɧɨ ɿɤɨɧɢ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɪɢɡɢ ɞɡɜɨɧɢ ɫɜɹɬɢɧɿ"

ɦɹɝɛɝ Ʌɣʁɝ ɛɦɠ ɝ ɫ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɢɛɬɭʀɦɦɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɭɫɮɾɨɩ ɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɪɩ Ïðèïèíåííÿ äðàáèííîãî ɜɣɭɩ ɤ ɪɩɞɫɛɜɩɝɛɨɩ ïðîñóâàííÿ êíÿç³â íà êè¿âȽɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ Ʌɣʁɝ ɬɭɫɛɡɟɛɝ ɝʀɟ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ñüêèé ñò³ë, ÿê ïåðåäáà÷àâ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ Ƚ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ ɝɝʀɤɳɩɝ ɬɭɫɛɳɨɣɤ ɪɩ çàïîâ³ò ßðîñëàâà Ìóäðîãî ɞɫɩɧ ɢɛɪɩɟʀɺɨɣɤ ɧʀɬɭɮ ɝ ɫ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ Âñòàíîâëåííÿ ò³ñíîãî çâ’ÿçêó Ȼɨɟɫʀɾɧ ȼɩɞɩɦɹɜɬɷɥɣɧ ɬɣɨ əɫʀɺ ȿɩɦɞɩ êíÿçÿ ç³ ñâî¿ì êíÿç³âñòâîì ɫɮɥɩɞɩ ɺɥɣɤ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɝɬɺ ɢɨɣɴɣɭɣ Ʌɣʁɝ ɺɥ ɬɭɩɦɣɱɹ ɬɮɪɠɫɨɣɱɹ ɨɛɭɩɧʀɬɭɷ ɪʀɟɨɺɝɳɣ Ïðàãíåííÿ êíÿç³â çì³öíþâàòè ³ ïðèêðàøàòè ñâî¿ ì³ñòà, ɫɩɦɷ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ïðîñëàâëÿòè ñâî¿ âîëîä³ííÿ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɨɠɢɛɜɛɫɩɧ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɦɩɬɺ Ȼ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɨɛ ɬɪɫɩɜɛ Ȼɨɟɫʀɺ ɫɩɢɩɫɣɭɣ ɧʀɬɭɩ Ðîçâèòîê Áóä³âíèöòâî ë³òîïèñàííÿ, öåðêîâ, óêð³ïëåíü ɝ ɫ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɠɝɟɛɦɩɹ ³êîíîïèñó ɂɫɠɳɭɩɹ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥʀ ɜɩɺɫɣ ɪɫɣɟɮɧɛɦɣ Çðîñòàííÿ ì³ñüɰɣɭɫɮ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɮ ɩɟɨɩɲɛɬɨɩɞɩ ɬɪʀɝɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ϳäíåñåííÿ êîãî íàñåëåííÿ, ɟɝɩɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ʀɢ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɥɨɺɡɣɰ ɫɩɟʀɝ ɑɺ ɬɣ êóëüòóðè ðîçâèòîê ðåìåñëà, òîðã³âë³ ɬɭɠɧɛ ɝ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɤ ɲɝɠɫɭʀ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɣɦɛ ɧʀɬɭɮ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɣɤ ɬɪɩɥʀɤ ʀ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɍɛɥɣɧɣ ɬɪʀɝɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɺɧɣ ɬɭɛɦɣ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟɩɝɣɲ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɝ ɟɩ ɫɩɟɮ ɉɦɷɞɩɝɣɲʀɝ

² ɫɫ ʀ ɋɹɫɣɥ ɋɩɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɝ ɟɩ ɫɩɟɮ ɬɧɩɦɠɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɋɩɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣ ɲʀɝ ² ɫɫ Ɏ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɟɮɮɧɝʀɫɛɭʀ ɪɠɫɳʀɬɭɷ ɧɛɝ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ Ɍɛɧɠ ɝʀɨ ɩɫɞɛ ɨʀɢɮɝɛɝ ɟɛɦɠɥʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ɫɫ ɺɥʀ ɢɧɮɬɣɦɣ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɰ ɝʀɟɥɩɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɟɩ ɪɩɨɣɢɢɺ Ɍʀɝɠɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ȿʀɨɱɺ Ɋɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɩɰɩɪɣɝ ɝɣɫ ɧʀɡɮɬɩɜɨɩʁ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɢɛɞɣɜɠɦʀ ɝ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɢ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɛɧɣ ɨɛ ɫʀɲɱʀ Ʌɛɦɥɛ ɝ ɫ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɛ ɋɩɧɛɨɩɝɣɲɛ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɛ ɫɩɦɷ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɦɛ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɝɡɠ ɨɠ ɝɪɦɣɝɛɦɣ ɨɛ Çíà÷åííÿ ðîçäðîáëåíîñò³

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) ó äðóã³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² – ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ²²² ñò.

113

ɪɠɫɠɜʀɞ ɪɩɟʀɤ ɉɬɭɛɨɨʀɧ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɜɮɝ ɇɣɰɛɤɦɩ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟɩɝɣɲ ² ɫɫ ɺɥɣɤ ɟʀɢɨɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɪɫɩ ɨɛɜɦɣɡɠɨɨɺ ɧɩɨɞɩɦʀɝ ɮɭʀɥ ʀɢ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɝ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɮ Ɉɛɪɠɫɠɟɩɟɨʀ ɬɭɫɛɳɨɩʁ ɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɩɬɺ ɜɠɢ ɥɨɺɢɺ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɢɺɝ ɪʀɟ ɬɝɩɹ ɩɪʀɥɮ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ

I ɑɨɦɭ ɜ ɪɨɤɢ ɪɨɡɞɪɨɛɥɟɧɨɫɬɿ Ɋɭɫɿ ɡɚ Ʉɢʀɜ ɬɨɱɢɥɚɫɹ ɡɚɩɟɤɥɚ ɛɨɪɨɬɶɛɚ ɦɿɠ ɤɧɹɡɹɦɢ" ȱɡ ɹɤɨɸ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɜɨɥɨɞɢɦɢɪɨ ɫɭɡɞɚɥɶɫɶɤɢɣ ɤɧɹɡɶ Ⱥɧɞɪɿɣ Ȼɨɝɨɥɸɛɫɶɤɢɣ ɩɨɝɪɚɛɭɜɚɜ ɿ ɫɩɚɥɢɜ Ʉɢʀɜ"

ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɏɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɣɦɩɬɺ ɝ ɐȲ ɬɭ ɥɩɦɣ ɚɫɩ ɬɦɛɝ ɇɮɟɫɣɤ ɝʀɟɟɛɝɳɣ ɒɠɫɨʀɞɩɝɮ ɥɩɦɣɳɨʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɫɛɟɣɧɣɲʀɝ ɝ·ɺɭɣɲʀɝ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɇɮɫɩɧ ɬɷɥɮ ɝɩɦɩɬɭɷ ʀ ɍɧɮɭɛɫɛɥɛɨɷ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɛ ɍɛɧɛɨɷ ɪɩɬɛɟɣɝ ɭɛɧ ɨɛɧʀɬɨɣɥɩɧ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɬɣɨɛ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɠɨɣɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɒɠɫɨʀɞɩɝɛ ȼʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɝɥɫɣɭɛ ɦʀɬɛɧɣ ɀɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɣɰ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥʀɝ ɧʀɡ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɧɣ ɫɛɤɩɨɛɧɣ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨɠ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɩ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɧʀɬɭ ɝɣɫʀɢɨɺɝɬɺ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝ ³ ɟɫɮɞɣɤ ɪʀɬɦɺ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɱɠɨɭɫ ɋɮɬʀ ɂɛɞɛɦɩɧ ɮ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝʀ ɨɛɦʀɲɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɨʀɡ ɧʀɬɭ Ʌɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɮɟʀɦʀɝ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɤ ³ Ɉɩɝɞɩɫɩɟ Ɍʀɝɠɫɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ

Ɏ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭɮ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɬɪɫɛɝɦɺɦɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɭɛ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɟɮɝɛɦɩ ɨɛ ɫɩɦɷ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɮɝɛɲɛ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɋɮɬʀ ɉɦɷɞɩɝɣɲʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɩɟɨɣɧ ɢ ɨɛɤɝɪɦɣɝɩɝʀɳɣɰ ǯȜȞȖȟȜȑșȳȏȟȪȘȖȗ ȟȜȏȜȞ ȡ ȅȓȞțȳȑȜȐȳ ɥɨɺɡɣɰ ɫɩɟʀɝ Ɋɠɝɨɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɦɣ ȟȡȥȎȟțȖȗ ȐȖȑșȭȒ

ʀ Ʌɣɾɝɩɧ Ɍɛɧɠ ɭɩɟʀ ɝ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɩ Ʌɣɫɣɦʀɝɬɷɥɮ ɱɠɫɥɝɮ ɺɥɛ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɮɬɣɪɛɦɷɨɣɱɠɹ ɲɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɐȲȲ ² ɪɠɫɳɩʁ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɣ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɦɩ ɬɪɩɥɩɹ ɒɛɬɭʀ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɩɜɦɩɞɣ ɪɩɡɠɡʀ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɢɝɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɟɦɺ ɒɠɫɨʀɞɩɝɛ Ȼɦɠ ɝɬɮɪɠɫɠɲ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɬɛɧɠ ɝ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɦɩ ʀ ɜɛɞɛɭʀɦɩ Ɉɛɤɝʀɟɩɧʀɳɣɧ ɲɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɜɮɝ ɇɣɰɛɤɦɩ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟɩɝɣɲ ² ɫɫ Ƚʀɨ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɝɬɺ ɝɬɭɮɪɣɭɣ ɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢɛ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ Ȼɦɠ ɝ ɫ ɇɣɰɛɤɦɩ ɜɮɝ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɭʀɥɛɭɣ ǸȖȞȖșȳȐȟȪȘȎ ȤȓȞȘȐȎ Ȑ ǸȖȱȐȳ ɢ ɒɠɫɨʀɞɩɝɛ ɴɩ ɜɮɝ ɮɢɺɭɣɤ ɝ ɩɜɦɩɞɮ ɝʀɤ ȟȡȥȎȟțȖȗ ȐȖȑșȭȒ

114

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 3

ɬɷɥɛɧɣ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ Ɉɛɬɭɮɪɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɧɬɭɣɝɬɺ ɬɭɛɝɳɣ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɧ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɹ ɨɛɝɛɦɩɹ ³ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɧ Ɏ ɫ ɇɣɰɛɤɦɩ ɜɮɝ ɬɭɫɛɲɠɨɣɤ ɮ ɂɩɦɩɭʀɤ ɉɫɟʀ ɢɛ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɮ ɪɩɥɦɩɨɣɭɣɬɺ ɺɢɣɲɨɣɱɷɥɣɧ ʀɟɩɦɛɧ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɝʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɥɛɨɩɨʀɢɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɩɹ ɱɠɫɥɝɩɹ ɺɥ ʀ ɩɟɨɛ ɢ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɩɨɷɩɥ ɏɠɩɟɮɦʀɺ Ȱɝɬɭɛɯʀɺ Ɍɮɢɟɛɦɷɬɷɥɛ Ȳɨɳɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɩɨɷɥɛ ɇɛɫʀɺ ɬɥɦɛɦɛ ɡɣɭ ɭɾɪɣɬ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɜɛɭɷɥɛ

I əɤɚ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɑɟɪɧɿɝɿɜɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɤɧɹɡɿɜɫɬɜɚ" ©Ɍɦɩɝɩ ɩ ɪɩɦɥɮ Ȳɞɩɫɠɝʀɧª Ɏɬɪʀɳɨɛ ɛɨɭɣɪɩɦɩɝɠɱɷɥɛ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɥɣ ʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɠɺ ɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀ ɬɧɩɦɠɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɢʀ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɩɧ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟɩɝɣɲɠɧ ɝɣɥɦɣɥɛɦɛ ɢɛɢɟɫʀɬɭɷ ɨɩɝɞɩɫɩɟ ɬʀɝɠɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ȳɞɩ ɫɺ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɣɲɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɮɝɠɬɷ ɲɛɬ ɮɰɣɦɺɝɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ ȿʀɢɨɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɪɫɩ ɲɠɫ ɞɩɝɮ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɮ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɝʀɨ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɝ ǯȳȗ ǥȑȜȞȭ ǿȐȭȠȜȟșȎȐȖȥȎ ȕ ȝȜșȜȐȤȭȚȖ ɬɺ ɟɩ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɛɬɛɦʀɝ ʀɢ ɢɛɥɦɣɥɩɧ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɭɣ Ȟ ȚȳțȳȎȠȬȞȎ ȕ șȳȠȜȝȖȟȡ

ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ©Ɋʀɟɠɧɩ ɝ ɪɩɰʀɟ ʀ ɬɩɜʀ ɬɦɛɝɮ ɢɟɩɜɮɟɠɧɩ ª Ȼɦɠ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɫ ɩɜɠɫ ɨɮɝɬɺ ɭɫɛɞɠɟʀɾɹ Ƚʀɤɬɷɥɩ Ȳɞɩɫɺ ɢɛɞɣɨɮɦɩ ɝ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠɞɛɰ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ʌɛɺɦɣ ɛ ɬɛɧ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɝ ɮ ɪɩɦɩɨ ɑɺ ɭɫɛɞɠɟʀɺ ɺɥ ɪɣɳɠ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɦɛ ©ɝɩɫɩɭɛ ɨɛ ɋɮɬɷɥɮ ɢɠɧɦɹª Ɋɩɦɩɝɱʀ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɬɪɮɬɭɩɳɮɝɛɭɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɴɣɨɣ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɴɣɨɣ Ʌɣ ʁɝɴɣɨɣ Ɇɣɳɠ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɧ ɢɮɬɣɦɦɺɧ ɝɩɫɩɞɛ ɬɪɫɩɧɩɞɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɟɜɣɭɣ ǽȳȟșȭ ȝȜȏȜȴȧȎ ȣȡȒ ǰ ǰȎȟțȱȤȜȐ

Ɍɛɧɠ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɨɠɝɟɛɦɩɧɮ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ Ȳɞɩɫɺ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɣɲɛ ʀ ɪɫɣɬɝɺɲɠɨɩ ɭɝʀɫ ɨɠɝʀɟɩ ɧɩɞɩ ɛɝɭɩɫɛ ©Ɍɦɩɝɩ ɩ ɪɩɦɥɮ Ȳɞɩɫɠɝʀɧª ©Ɍɦɩɝɩ ª ɨɛɪɣɬɛɨɠ ɺɬɥɫɛɝɩɹ ɪɩɠɭɣɲ ɨɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ Ɉɠɢɝɣɲɨɩ ɝɣɫɛɢɨɣɧ ʀ ɦʀɫɣɲɨɣɧ ɾ ©ɪɦɛɲ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɨɣª ɪɫɩɨɣɢɛɨɣɤ ɨɛ ɫɩɟɨɩɹ ɪɩɠɢʀɾɹ Ɏɦɹɜɦɠɨɣɧ ɩɜɫɛɢɩɧ ɛɝɭɩɫɛ ɾ ɬɩɥʀɦ Ɏ ɭɝɩɫʀ ɛɝɭɩɫ ɫʀɢɥɩ ɢɛɬɮɟɣɝ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥʀ ɲɝɛɫɣ ʀ ɢɛɥɦɣɥɛɝ ɟɩ ɾɟɨɩɬɭʀ Ɋɠɫɠɬɭɛɦɣ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɨɠɝʀɫɨɣɰ ɝɩɹɝɛɭɣ Ɍɭɛɦɣ ɩɟɣɨ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɥɛɢɛɭɣ ©Ɍɠ ɧɩɾ ɛ ɬɠ ɭɠɡ ɧɩɾ ȼɫɛɭɠ ª Ɍɭɛɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɟʀɦɛ ɟɫʀɜɨʀ Ƚɝɛɡɛɭɣ ɢɛ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ Ɉɛ ɬɠɜɠ ɬɛɧɣɰ ɪʀɟʀɤɧɛɭɣ ɲɝɛɫɣ ³

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) ó äðóã³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² – ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ²²² ñò.

115

Ȼ ɨɠɝʀɫɨʀ ɢ ɮɬʀɰ ɬɭɩɫʀɨ ɨɛɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɂɠɧɦɹ ɋɮɬɷɥɮ ɟɩɦɛɦɣ Ɋɠɫɠɥɦɛɟ ɇɛɥɬɣɧɛ ɋɣɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ

Ȳɬɭɩɫɣɥɣ ɝɣɬɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɜɠɢɦʀɲ ɞʀɪɩɭɠɢ ɬɭɩɬɩɝɨɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɰɭɩ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɝ ɱɠɤ ɭɝʀɫ ȿɠɺɥʀ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɬɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɹɭɷ ɴɩ ɱɠ ɪʀɟɫɩɜɥɛ Ƚʀɟɩɧɩ ɦɣɳɠ ɴɩ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ;9,,, ɬɭ ɫɮɥɩɪɣɬ ɮ ɬɪɣɬɥɮ ɢɨɛɤɳɩɝ ɉ ɇɮɬʀɨ Ɋɮɳɥʀɨ ɛ ɬɛɧɠ ©Ɍɦɩɝɩ ª ɜɮɦɩ ɨɛɟɫɮɥɩɝɛɨɠ ɮ ɫ

I əɤɿ ɩɨɞɿʀ ɥɹɝɥɢ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ©ɋɥɨɜɚ ɨ ɩɨɥɤɭ ȱɝɨɪɟɜɿɦª" əɤɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɚ ɞɭɦɤɚ ɬɜɨɪɭ" Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɺɥ ɩɟɣɨ ʀɢ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɩɬɠɫɠɟɥʀɝ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɋɮɬʀ ɬɥɦɛɦɩɬɺ ɴɠ ɢ ɤɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦɮ ɧʀɡ ɬɣɨɛɧɣ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɇɮɟɫɩɞɩ Ɉɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɮ ɝʀɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ ɮ ɐȲȲ ² ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɩ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɩɬɭʀ ɤ ɜɮɦɩ ɱʀɦɥɩɧ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɣɧ ɝʀɟ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɛ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ³ ɝʀɟ Ɍɮɢɟɛɦɺ ʀ ɒɠɫɨʀɞɩɝɛ Ɏ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɢɟɠɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɬɣɟʀɦɣ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɺɥʀ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɛɜɩ ɭʀ ɰɭɩ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɝ ɱɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɺɥ ɥɩɧɪɠɨɬɛɱʀɹ ɢɛ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɮ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɢʀɤ ɨɛ Ʌɣʁɝ ɍɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ Ɉɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɤ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɪɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɧɠɡɮɝɛɦɣ ɢʀ ɬɭɠɪɩɧ ɍɮɭ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɩɪɩɫɨʀ ɪɮɨɥɭɣ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɣ ɝʀɟ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɥʀɝ ɯɩɫɭɠɱʀ Ƚɩʁɨɷ Ɇɮɜɨɣ Ɋɩɦɭɛɝɛ ɉɥɫʀɧ ɬɭɩɦɷɨɩɞɩ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɛ Ɋɩɪɫɣ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɲɨɠ ɬɮɬʀɟɬɭɝɩ ɢʀ Ɍɭɠɪɩɧ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɠɨɣɧ ɨɛ ɫɩɟɹɲɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɢɜɣɫɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɝɫɩɡɛʁ ɝɣɪɛɬɛɦɣɬɺ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨʀ ɬɭɛɟɛ ɰɮɟɩɜɣ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɲɛɬɭʀ ɨɛɜʀɞɣ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɥʀɝ ɢɮɧɩɝɣɦɣ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ Ʌɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɩɦɷɲɮ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɮ ɝʀɟ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ɉɛɤɝɣɢɨɛɲɨʀɳɣɧ ʀɢ ɪɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɜɮɝ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ Ⱦɦʀɜɩɝɣɲ — ɩɨɮɥ əɫʀɺ ȿɩɦɞɩɫɮɥɩɞɩ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɫɛɝɣɝ ɮ ² ɫɫ Ʉɩɞɩ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɩɹ ɭɮɫɜɩɭɩɹ ɜɮɦɛ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢ ɪɩɦɩɝɠɱɷɥɣɧɣ ɰɛɨɛɧɣ Ʌɩɜɺɥɩɧ ʀ Ʌɩɨɲɛɥɩɧ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɨɠɝɟɛɦɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɫ ɨɩɝɞɩɫɩɟ ɬʀɝɠɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ȳɞɩɫɺ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɥʀɝ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɩɪɣɨɣɦɩɬɷ ɮ ɥɫɛɤ ɭɺɡɥɩɧɮ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴʀ Ɏ ɫ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀ ɩɜɬɭɮɪɣɦɣ ɧʀɬɭɩ Ɏ ɭɛɥʀɤ ɬɥɫɮɭʀ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɢɧʀɞ ɫɩɢɞɫɩɧɣɭɣ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ɪʀɟ ɬɭʀɨɛɧɣ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɛ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɢ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɥɨɺɢɺɧɣ ɝʀɟʀɞɨɛɭɣ ʁɰ ɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɝʀɟ ɋɮɬʀ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɫ ɝʀɨ ɢɛɬɭɮɟɣɝɬɺ ʀ ɨɠɝɟɩɝɢʀ ɪɩɧɠɫ Ɍɛɧɠ ɝ ɩɪɩɝʀɟʀ ɪɫɩ ɬɧɠɫɭɷ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ ɮɡɣɝ ɬɭɩɬɩɝɨɩ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ ɋɮɬʀ ɨɛɢɝɮ ©Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛª ©Ȳ ɪɦɛɥɛɦɣ ɪɩ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɝɬʀ ɪɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɱʀ ɂɛ ǽȎȚ·ȭȠțȖȘ ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞȡ DZșȳȏȜȐȖȥȡ ɨɣɧ ɡɠ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɪɩɬɭɩɞɨɛɦɛª Ȑ ǽȓȞȓȭȟșȎȐȳ

116

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 3

ɑɠ ³ ɨɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳɛ ɢɞɛɟɥɛ ɨɛɢɝɣ ©Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛª ɝ ɪɣɬɠɧɨɣɰ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛɰ ȿɫɮɞɮ ɢɞɛɟɥɮ ɪɫɩ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɱɠɤ ɡɠ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ ɪɩɟɛɾ ɪʀɟ ɫ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɲɣ ɴɩ ɥɨɺɢɷ ȿɛɨɣ ɦɩ >Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɤ@ ©ɪɫɣɤɨɺɝ ɝɠɫɠɬɭʀɤ ʀ Ɏɞɫɩɝɠɬɷɥ ʀ Ƚɠɫɠɴɣɨ ʀ Ɍɭɩɦɪ·ɾ Ʌɩɧɩɝ ʀ ɝɬɹ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɮª

I Ɂ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɤɧɹɡɹ ɩɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɨ ɩɟɪɲɭ ɥɿɬɨɩɢɫɧɭ ɡɝɚɞɤɭ ɧɚɡɜɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɉɿɜɞɟɧ ɧɨʀ Ɋɭɫɿ ©ɍɤɪɚʀɧɚª"

Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɮ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɪɠɫɠɟɞʀɫ·ɺɰ Ʌɛɫɪɛɭ ɮ ɝɠɫɰʀɝ·ɺɰ ɫʀɲɩɥ ȿɨʀɬɭɠɫ ʀ Ɋɫɮɭ Ɏ ɐ ɬɭ ɢɛ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨɣ ɢɛ ɬɠɦɠɨʀ ɜʀɦɣɧɣ ɰɩɫɝɛɭɛɧɣ ɲɛɬɭɥɩɝɩ ɭɣɝɠɫɱɺɧɣ ɭɛ ɮɦɣɲɛɧɣ ɮɝʀɤɳɦɣ ɟɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɮ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɝɟɛɦɠ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɜɮɟɮɲɣ ɨɠɟɩɬɺɡɨɣɧɣ ɟɦɺ ɨɛɪɛɟʀɝ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɥʀɝ ɢʀ ɬɭɠɪɮ ɑʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɞɮɬɭɩɢɛɬɠɦɠɨʀ ɭɛ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɣ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɠ ɨʀ ɛ ʁɰɨʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɬɭɩɺɦɣ ɨɛ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɰ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɣɰ ɳɦɺɰɛɰ ʀɢ ɂɛɰɩɟɮ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨʀ ɧʀɬɭɣɦɣɬɺ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɴɛ ɬɩɦʀ ³ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɩɞɩ ɭɩɝɛɫɮ ɺɥɣɧ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɮ ɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɬɺ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɭɛ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɔɠ ɟɩ ɝɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɮ ɋɮɬʀ ɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨʀ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɩ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɠ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɜʀɦɣɰ ɰɩɫɝɛɭʀɝ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɝɦɛɬɨɛ ɝɦɛɟɨɛ ɝɠɫɰʀɝɥɛ ɺɥɛ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɩɬɨɩɝɩɹ ɟɦɺ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɞɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩɞɩ ɤ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɷɩɞɩ ɜɩɺɫɬɭɝɛ ɏɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɩ ɬɺ ɝ ɟɫɮɞʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ɐȲ ɬɭ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɇɮɟɫɩɞɩ ɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨʀ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɝɦɛɬɨɛ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀɺ ɫɩɟɩɨɛɲɛɦɷɨɣɥɩɧ ɺɥɩʁ ɬɭɛɝ ɩɨɮɥ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ³ ɭɧɮ ɭɛɫɛɥɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɋɩɬɭɣɬɦɛɝ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɩɝɣɲ Ʉɩɞɩ ɬɣɨɣ ɋɹɫɣɥ Ƚɩɦɩɟɛɫ ʀ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɩ ɝ ɫ ɟʀɹɲɣ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɩ ʀ ɬɪɣɫɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɮ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɣɰ ɜɩɺɫ ɬɛɧɩɲɣɨɨɩ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɦɣ ɬɠɜɠ ɥɨɺɢɺɧɣ ɝ ɱɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ Ɉɣɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɛɨʀ ɭɫɣ ɮɟʀɦɷɨʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɬɭɝɛ Ɍɪɫɩɜɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɝɣɞɨɛɭɣ ʁɰ ɢɝʀɟɭɣ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɣ ɮɬɪʀɰɮ ʀ ɭɩɟʀ ɨɛ Ɇɹɜɠɱɷɥɩɧɮ ɢ·ʁɢɟʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɢɨɛɨɩ ʁɰɨɾ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɨɛ ɱʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɺɥ ɨɛ ɝɩɭɲɣɨɮ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɴɠ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɪ·ɺɭɟɠɬɺɭɣ ɫɩɥʀɝ ʁɧ ɟɩɝɩɟɣɦɩɬɺ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȳ ȏȜȭȞȖ ɪʀɟɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩɾ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɢ ɮɞɩɫɱɺɧɣ ɪɩɦɺɥɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɥɨɺɢɺɧɣ Ɋɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɜɫɛɭʀɝ ɧʀɡ ʁɰɨʀɧɣ ɨɛɴɛɟɥɛɧɣ ɬɪɛɦɛɰɨɮɦɛ ɧʀɡɮɬɩɜɨɛ ɝʀɤɨɛ ɪɠɫɠɧɩ ɞɮ ɝ ɺɥʀɤ ɢɟɩɜɮɝ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ Ƚɩɦɩɟɛɫɩɝɣɲ ɨɛ ɪɫʀɢɝɣɬɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɥɩ ² ɫɫ Ƚʀɨ ɮ ɫ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɝ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɝ ɩɟɨɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɢ ɱɠɨɭɫɩɧ ɮ Ⱦɛɦɣɲʀ ɭɛ ɝʀɟɬɭɩɺɝ ɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɢ Ʌɣɾɝɩɧ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɝ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɷɩɧɮ ɜɩɹ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɥɩ ɢɛɞɣɨɮɝ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) ó äðóã³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² – ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ²²² ñò.

Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɩʁ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɩɬɭʀ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɠ ɥɨɺ ɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɩ ɢɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɬɣɨɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɥɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ² ɫɫ

Ʉɩɧɮ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɺɥ ʀ ɜɛɭɷɥɩɝʀ ɟɩɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɬɭɩɹɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩɾ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɨɛ ɥɨɺɡʀɨɨɺ ɝ ɜɩ ɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɢ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɝɩɦɣɨ ɬɷɥɣɧ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝɩɧ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲɠɧ Ɏ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ ɍɠɫɠɜɩɝɦʀ ɧɩɦɩɟɣɤ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɢɟɩ ɜɮɝ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɮ Ɏɟɫɮɞɠ ɤɩɧɮ ɟɩɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɜɩɫɩ ɭɣɬɺ ɢɛ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɨɛ ɥɨɺɡʀɨɨɺ ɢʀ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɜɫɛ ɭɩɧ Ȳɝɛɨɩɧ ȼɠɫɦɛɟɨɣɥɩɧ ³ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɜɠɢ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɺɥɣɤ ɮɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɧɛɫɨɩ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɝɬɺ ɢɟɩɜɮɭɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɮɟʀɦ ȼɠɫ ɦɛɟɨɣɥɛ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ ʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɜɩɺɫ ɪɫɩɭɠ ɨɠ ɟɩɧʀɞɳɣɬɷ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɝʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɭʀɥɛɭɣ ɟɩ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɟɠ ɤ ɪɩɧɠɫ ɇɛɹɲɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɭɛɦɛɨɭ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɞɩ ɟʀɺɲɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɮɧʀɦɩ ɢɛɬɭɩɬɩɝɮɹɲɣ ʀ ɟɣ ɪɦɩɧɛɭʀɹ ʀ ɬɣɦɮ ɟɩɧɛɞɛɝɬɺ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɂɛ ɲɛ ɬʀɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɟɩ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɨʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɛɡ ɟɩ ɪɩɨɣɢɢɺ ȿɮɨɛɹ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɥɫɣ ɝɛɦɩ ɨɩɝʀ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨʀ ɳɦɺɰɣ ɪɩ ȿɨʀɬɭɫɮ ɤ ȿɮɨɛɹ ɭɛ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɧʀɬɭ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɮɬɭɛɨɩ ɝɣɝ ɟɫɮɡɨʀ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨɣ ɢ Ɋɩɦɷɴɠɹ ɭɛ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɩɹ ɛ ɴɩɜ ɢɛɪɩɜʀɞɭɣ ʁɰɨʀɧ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɣɧ ɨɛɪɛɟɛɧ ɢɜɦɣɢɣɝɬɺ ɢʀ Ɍɝɺɴɠɨɨɩɹ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩɹ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɾɹ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥʀ ɝɩʁɨɣ ɜɫɛɦɣ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɝ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɢ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɝʀɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢ ɪɩɦɩɝɱɺɧɣ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɝ ɮɥɫʀɪ ɦɠɨʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɨɛ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɛɰ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩʁ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ɍɭɛɨɩɧ ɨɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɮ ɰ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɪɫɩɢɝɛɦɣ ɉɬɧɩɧɣɬɦɩɧ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩɟɮɧɨɣɧ ɬɭɛɝ ɨɛɤɝɪɦɣ ɝɩɝʀɳɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ Ɉɛɤɬɥɦɛɟɨʀɳɩɹ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɩɹ ɟɦɺ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɩ ɬɭʀɤɨɛ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢ ɜɩɺɫɬɭɝɩɧ ɺɥɠ ɨɠ ɰɩɭʀɦɩ ɪɩɞɩɟɣ ɭɣɬɺ ɢ ɮɭɫɛɭɩɹ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɟɩɧʀɨɮɹɲɩɞɩ ɝɪɦɣɝɮ Ɏ ɱʀɤ ɜɩ ɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɨɠ ɟɩɬɺɞ ɜɛɡɛɨɩɞɩ ɮɬɪʀɰɮ Ɏ ɫ ɜɩɺɫɣ ɬɪɛɦɣɦɣ ɨɛ ɝɩɞɨɣɴʀ ɥɩɰɛɨɥɮ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɜɩɺɫɣɨɹ Ɉɛɬɭɮɬɷɥɮ ɢ ɪɩɦɩɝɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɫɩɟɮ ɒɛɞ ɫʀɝ ɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɝɳɣ ʁʁ ɝʀɟɷɧɩɹ ʀ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɦɣ ɟɩ Ⱦɛ

ǵȎȚȜȘ ȡ DZȎșȖȥȳ

ȍȞȜȟșȎȐ ǼȟȚȜȚȖȟș

ǿȎȞȘȜȢȎȑ ȍȞȜȟșȎȐȎ ǼȟȚȜȚȖȟșȎ

117

118

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 3

Ɋɫɩ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɉɬɧɩɧɣɬɦɛ ɂʀ ©Ɍɦɩɝɛ ɩ ɪɩɦɥɮ Ȳɞɩɫɠɝʀɧª

Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɤ ɉɬɧɩɧɣɬɦɠ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɠ Ƚɣɬɩɥɩ ɬɣɟɣɳ ɭɣ Ɉɛ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɢɩɦɩɭɩɥɩɝɛɨʀɧ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦʀ Ɋʀɟɪɠɫɳɣ ɞɩɫɣ ɮɞɩɫɬɷɥʀ Ɍɝɩʁɧɣ ɢɛɦʀɢɨɣɧɣ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛɧɣ ɂɛɬɭɮɪɣɝɳɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɝʀ ɟɩɫɩɞɮ ɂɛɲɣɨɣɝɳɣ ɝɩɫɩɭɛ ɨɛ ȿɮɨɛʁ ɒɠɫɠɢ ɰɧɛɫɣ ɥɛɧʀɨɨɺ ɥɣɟɛɹɲɣ Ɍɮɟ ɪɩ ȿɮɨɛɹ ɫɺɟɺɲɣ Ⱦɫɩɢɣ ɭɝɩʁ ɪɩ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɭɠɲɮɭɷ ɉɟɲɣɨɺɾɳ ɭɣ ɜɫɛɧɮ Ʌɣɾɝɮ Ɍɭɫʀɦɺɾɳ ʀɢ ɩɭɲɩɞɩ ɬɭɩɦɮ ɢɩɦɩɭɩɞɩ Ɉɛ ɬɮɦɭɛɨʀɝ ɮ ɟɛɦɠɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ

Ɋɠɫɠɥɦɛɟ ɇɛɥɬɣɧɛ ɋɣɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ

I əɤ ɭ ©ɋɥɨɜɿ«ª ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɤɧɹɡɹ əɪɨɫɥɚɜɚ Ɉɫɦɨɦɢɫɥɚ" ɦɣɲɛ ɢɛɥɩɨɨɮ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɮ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɉɦɷɞɮ ɺɥɛ ɢ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɩɹ ɜɩɺɫ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɝɮɝɛɦɛɬɷ ɮ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɐɩɲɛ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɢɧɣɫɣɝɬɺ ɢ ɬɣɭɮɛɱʀɾɹ ɧɣɫ ɮ ɬʀɧ·ʁ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɨɠ ɨɛɬɭɛɝ ɉɦɷɞɛ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɝɣʁɰɛɦɛ ɝ Ɋɩɦɷɴɮ Ɋɩɧɣɫɛɹɲɣ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɝ ɴɩɜ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɢɛɳɦɹɜɨɣɤ ɬɣɨ ɉɦɠɞ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɢɟʀɜɨɣɤ ɟɩ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩʁ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ ɮɬɪɛɟɥɮɝɛɝ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɲʀ ɛ ɉɦɷɡɣɨɩɞɩ ɬɣɨɛ ɝʀɟɪɫɛ ɝɣɝ ɝ ɮɟʀɦ ɮ Ɋɠɫɠɧɣɳɦɷ

ǯȜȭȞȖ ȠȭȑțȡȠȪ ǻȎȟȠȡȟȬ țȎ ȐȜȑțȖȧȓ ȣȡȒ Ǹ ǹȓȏȓȒȱȐ

ßðîñëàâ Îñìîìèñë

Áóäóâàâ ôîðòåö³

Ïðèºäíóâàâ çåìë³

Áîðîâñÿ ç áîÿðàìè

Ðîçêâ³ò ãîñïîäàðñòâà

Óêëàäàâ äîãîâîðè ç Ïîëüùåþ, Óãîðùèíîþ

I ɑɨɦɭ ɛɨɹɪɫɬɜɨ Ƚɚɥɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɡɟɦɥɿ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɹɤ ɦɿɰɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɧ"

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) ó äðóã³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² – ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ²²² ñò.

Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɰʀɟ ɝʀɟ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɷ ʀɢ ɫɩɢɦɩɞɣɧɣ ɭɛ ɦʀ ɬɣɬɭɣɧɣ ɟɩɦɣɨɛɧɣ ɑʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɞɮɬɭɩ ɢɛɬɠɦɠɨɣɧɣ ɭɛ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɠɨɣɧɣ ɔɠ ɟɩ ɝɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ʁɰ ɟɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɮ ɋɮɬʀ ɭɮɭ ʀɬ ɨɮɝɛɝ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɤ ɟɮɦʀɜɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɩɹɢ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ Ɏ ɬɥɦɛɟʀ ɋɮɬʀ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɛ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɧɛɦɛ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɤɨʀ ɧʀɱɨʀ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ɢ Ʌɣɾɝɩɧ Ȳɢ ɲɛ ɬʀɝ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɣɲʀɝ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɣ ʁʁ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɝɩɭɲɣɨɩɹ ʀ ɨɠ ɜɛɡɛɦɣ ɝʀɟɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɮ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɝɠ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥʀɤ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɬɷɥʀɤ ɦʀɨʀʁ Ɏɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɟɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɣ ;,, ɬɭ Ƚɩɦɣɨɷ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɛ ɝɦɛɬɨɩʁ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɝɩɨɛ ɛɜɩ ɜɠɢɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩ ɮɪɫɛɝɦɺ ɦɛɬɺ ɢ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɛɜɩ ɡ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɢɛɤɧɛɦɣ ɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɣɥɣ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɉɥɫɠɧɮ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɮ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀɹ ɨɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ ɢɛɪɩɲɛɭɥɮɝɛɝ ɩɨɮɥ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɇɩɨɩɧɛ ɰɛ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲ ɺɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɹɝɛɝ ɮ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫʀ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ² ² ɫɫ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝ ɺɥɣɤ ɮɬɠ ɬɝɩɾ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɜɩ ɫɩɝɬɺ ɢɛ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɨɠ ɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɝ ɬɺ ɴɩ ɝʀɨ ɨɛɟɩɝɞɩ ɢɛɭɫɣɧɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ʀ ɫ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɫɩɟɣɨɩɹ ɪɠɫɠʁɰɛɝ ɟɩ Ƚɩ ɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɝɳɣ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɨɛ ɬɝɩɹ ɝɩɭɲɣɨɮ ɂɛ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɺ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩ ɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɜɩɫɩɦɣɬɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɣɨ ɇɬɭɣ ɬɦɛɝ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝɣɲ ² ɫɫ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɥ ɋɩɧɛɨ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲ ² ɫɫ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɟɩɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɭɣ ɝɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɮ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳʀɤ ɟɩɦʀ Ƚɩ ɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ ɭɛ ɝɬʀɾʁ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɋɮɬʀ

119

ǾȜȚȎț ǺȟȠȖȟșȎȐȖȥ ȝȞȖȗȚȎȱ ȝȎȝȟȪȘȖȣ ȝȜȟșȳȐ ȣȡȒ ǻ ǻȓȐȞȓȐ

ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȖȗ ȐȓȞȦțȖȘ ȞȓȘȜțȟȠȞȡȘȤȳȭ

ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞ ȞȓȘȜțȟȠȞȡȘȤȳȭ

I ɑɨɦɭ ȼɨɥɢɧɫɶɤɟ ɤɧɹɡɿɜɫɬɜɨ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɨɫɹ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɡɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɤɧɹɡɿɜɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɢɯ ɡɟɦɥɹɯ"

120

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 3

ȼɂɋɇɈȼɄɂ Ɏ ɟɫɮɞʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ɐȲȲ ² ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɬɺ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɣɤ ɫɩɢ ɪɛɟ ɋɮɬʀ ɨɛ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɺɥʀ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɲɠɫɞɩɹ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɮɟʀɦɣ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɪɩɬɭɛɦɣ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ɒɠɫɨʀɞɩɝɩ Ɍʀɝɠɫɬɷɥɠ Ɋɠ ɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɠ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɠ ʀ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɏɬʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɪɠɝɨʀ ɝʀɟ ɧʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɮ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ʀ ɫʀɢɨɮ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɮ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɮ ɟɩɦɹ Ɋɠɝɨɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɝɬɺ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɺɥ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɱɠɨɭɫɮ ɋɮɬʀ Ȼɦɠ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɛ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢɛ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɧʀɡ ɥɨɺɢɺɧɣ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɛ ɟɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟɮ ʀ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɺ ɫɠɞʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɱɠɨɭɫʀɝ Ɏ ɥɩɡɨɩɧɮ ɮɭɝɠɫɟɣɦɛɬɺ ɝɦɛɬɨɛ ɥɨɺɡɛ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀɺ ɛɦɠ ɝɬʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɋɹɫɣɥɛ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɜɮɦɣ ɫɩɟɣɲɛɧɣ ɑɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɟɨʀɾɹ ɢ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɠɤ ɫɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨɩɬɭʀ ɋɮɬʀ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɢ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤ ɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɧɣ ɴɩ ɪɩɫɩɟɡɮɝɛɦɩ ɪɫɣɧɛɫɨɮ ɨɛɟʀɹ ɪɫɩ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɹ ɾɟ ɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɩɦɣɳɨɷɩʁ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɋɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨʀɬɭɷ ɢɛɬɝʀɟɲɮɝɛɦɛ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧʀɫɨɣɤ ɠɭɛɪ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɋɮɬʀ ɁȺɄɊȱɉɂɆɈ ɁɇȺɇɇə ȍȘȎ ȝȞȖȥȖțȎ ȔȜȞȟȠȜȘȜȴ ȚȳȔȡȟȜȏțȜȴ ȏȜȞȜȠȪȏȖ ȚȳȔ ȘțȭȕȭȚȖ ȡ ȒȞȡȑȳȗ ȝȜșȜȐȖțȳ ȃǥǥ ² țȎ ȝȜȥȎȠȘȡ ȃǥǥǥ ȟȠ " ǻȎȕȐȳȠȪ ȳȚȓțȎ țȎȗȚȜȑȡȠțȳȦȖȣ ȘțȭȕȳȐ ȒȞȡȑȜȴ ȝȜșȜȐȖțȖ ȃǥǥ ² ȝȓȞȦȜȴ ȝȜșȜȐȖțȖ ȃǥǥǥ ȟȠ ǽȳȒ ȭȘȖȚ ȞȜȘȜȚ Ȑ ȳȟȠȜȞȖȥțȖȣ ȒȔȓȞȓșȎȣ ȡȝȓȞȦȓ ȕȑȎȒȡȱȠȪȟȭ țȎȕȐȎ ©ȁȘȞȎȴțȎª" ȁȘȎȔȳȠȪ ȥȳșȪțȳ ȓȝȳȕȜȒȖ ȳȟȠȜȞȳȴ ǸȖȴȐȟȪȘȜȑȜ ȅȓȞțȳȑȜȐȜ ǿȳȐȓȞȟȪȘȜȑȜ ȳ ǽȓȞȓȭȟșȎȐȟȪȘȜȑȜ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜȑȜ ȳ ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȜȑȜ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐ ȅȖ ȝȞȖȕȐȓșȎ ȝȜȭȐȎ ȟȎȚȜȟȠȳȗțȖȣ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐ ȒȜ ȝȞȖȝȖțȓțțȭ ȳȟțȡȐȎțțȭ ǸȖȴȐȟȪȘȜȴ ȒȓȞȔȎȐȖ" ǿȐȜȬ ȐȳȒȝȜȐȳȒȪ ȜȏȽȞȡțȠȡȗȠȓ ȍȘȡ ȞȜșȪ ȐȳȒȳȑȞȎșȜ ȏȜȭȞȟȠȐȜ ȡ ȟȠȎțȜȐșȓțțȳ țȓȕȎșȓȔțȜȑȜ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜȑȜ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȎ" ǵ·ȭȟȡȗȠȓ ȝȜȕȖȠȖȐțȳ ȗ țȓȑȎȠȖȐțȳ ȟȠȜȞȜțȖ ȞȜȕȒȞȜȏșȓțȜȟȠȳ Ȓșȭ ȞȜȕȐȖȠȘȡ Ǿȡȟȳ

§ 14–15. ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ ÐÓѲ-ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ Â ÄÐÓÃ²É ÏÎËÎÂÈͲ Õ² – ÏÅÐØ²É ÏÎËÎÂÈͲ Õ²²² ÑÒ. ɉɬɝʀɭɛ ɋɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɣɰ ɢɨɛɨɷ Ɏ ɟɫɮɞʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ɐȲ ² ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɝɛɦɣ ʀɬɨɮ ɝɛɭɣ ʀ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨʀ ɤ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨʀ ɳɥɩɦɣ ɪɫɣɝɛɭɨɠ ɨɛɝɲɛɨɨɺ Ɇʀɭɩɪɣ ɬɠɱɷ ɬɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɝɛɝ ɴɩ ©ɭɩɤ ɰɭɩ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɲɣɭɛɾ ɥɨɣɞɣ ɭɩɤ ɢ ȼɩɞɩɧ ɜɠɬʀɟɮɾ ɛɜɩ ɢʀ ɬɝɺɭɣɧɣ ɧɮɡɛɧɣª Ɏ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɣɰ ɳɥɩɦɛɰ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɣɬɺ ɟʀɭɣ ɨɛɤɜɦɣɡɲɩɞɩ ɩɭɩɲɠɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɢ ɧɠɭɩɹ ɝɣɰɩɝɛɨɨɺ ɞɫɛɧɩɭɨɣɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɣɰ ɟʀɺɲʀɝ ɑɠɫɥɩɝɨʀ ɳɥɩɦɣ ɞɩɭɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɛɦɛɧɛɫʀɝ ʀ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɣɥʀɝ Ɋɫɩɝʀɟɨɣɧ ɩɬɝʀɭɨʀɧ ɱɠɨɭɫɩɧ ɋɮɬʀ ɜɮɝ Ɍɩɯʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɩɜɩɫ ɪɫɣ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɪɫɩɟɩɝ ɡɮɝɛɦɛ ɟʀɺɭɣ ɳɥɩɦɛ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɛɨɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɩɧ ɇɮɟɫɣɧ Ɏ ɫ ɟɩɲɥɛ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɣɲɛ ɚɨɥɛ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɦɛ ɪɫɣ Ȼɨɟɫʀʁɝɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀ ɳɥɩɦɮ ɟɦɺ ɟʀɝɲɛɭ ɂɛ ɬɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬʀɝ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɠɨɣɧ ɜɮɦɩ ʀ ɪɫɣɝɛɭɨɠ ɨɛɝɲɛɨɨɺ ɍɛɥ ɏɠɩɟɩɬʀɤ Ɋɠɲɠɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɢɟɩɜɮɝ ɩɬɝʀɭɮ ɝ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɲɥɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɭɠɲɥɮ Ʌɮɫɬɷɥ ɨɛ ɝɲɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɮ ©ɾɟɣɨɩɞɩ ɝɲɣɭɠɦɺª ȼɠɫɠɬɭɺɨʀ ɞɫɛɧɩɭɣ ³ ɨɛɪɣɬɣ ɨɛ ɳɧɛɭɥɛɰ ɜɠɫɠɬɭɣ ɥɩɫɣ ɜɠɫɠɢɣ ɢɫɩɜ ɦɠɨʀ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɣ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɣɬɛɦ ³ ɢɛɞɩɬɭɫɠɨɣɰ ɧɠɭɛɦɠɝɣɰ ɪɛɦɣɲɩɥ Ȳɬɨɮɹɲʀ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨʀ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ ɢɛɬɝʀɟɲɮɹɭɷ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɳɣɫɩɥɣɰ ɝɠɫɬɭɝ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɋɮɬʀ Ɍɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɾ ɜɠɫɠɬɭɺɨʀ ɞɫɛɧɩɭɣ ɢɨɛɤɟɠɨʀ ɪɠɫɠ ɝɛɡɨɩ ɝ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ɋɮɬʀ ɮ Ɉɩɝɞɩɫɩɟʀ ³ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɭɣɬɺɲʀ ɞɫɛɯʀɭʀ ɨɛ ɬɭʀɨɛɰ ɥɮɦɷɭɩɝɣɰ ɬɪɩɫɮɟ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɱʀɨɨʀ ³ ɨɛ ɬɭʀɨɛɰ Ɍɩɯʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɩɜɩɫɮ ɝ Ʌɣɾɝʀ

ɨɛɪɣɬɣ ɨɛ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɲɣɰ ɝɣɫɩɜɛɰ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭɣ ɟɦɺ ɪɣɬɷɧɛ ȿɦɺ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɪɩɞɦɣɜɦɠɨɨɺ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ ɬɦɮɞɮɝɛɦɣ ɜʀɜɦʀɩɭɠɥɣ ɺɥɣɰ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɮ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɒɠɫɨʀɞɩɝʀ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝʀ Ⱦɛɦɣɲʀ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫʀ ɭɩɴɩ Ȼɦɠ ɨɛɤɪɠɫɳɛ ʀ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɢɨɛɲɨɛ ɧʀɬɭɣɦɛɬɺ ɝ Ɍɩɯʀʁ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥʀɤ ɂɛ ɪʀɟɫɛɰɮɨɥɛɧɣ ɝɲɠɨɣɰ ɥɨɣɡɨɣɤ ɯɩɨɟ ɋɮɬʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɝ ɴɩɨɛɤɧɠɨɳɠ ² ɭɣɬ ɭɩ ɧʀɝ Ȳɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɜʀɜɦʀɩɭɠɥɣ ɪɫɣ ɬɩɜɩɫɛɰ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫɺɰ ɥɨɺɡɣɰ ɪɛɦɛɭɛɰ ɒɣɧɛɦɩ ɜɮɦɩ ʀ ɪɫɣɝɛɭɨɣɰ ɥɨɣ ɞɩɢɜʀɫɠɨɷ ȿɦɺ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɥɨɣɞ ɟʀɺɦɣ ɱɠɨɭɫɣ ɢ ɪɠɫɠɪɣɬɮ ɝɛɨɨɺ ɥɨɣɞ ɬɥɫɣɪɭɩɫʀʁ ɮ Ʌɣɾɝʀ Ɉɩɝɞɩɫɩɟʀ Ⱦɛɦɣɲʀ ɒɠɫɨʀɞɩɝʀ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫʀ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝʀ ɋɩɬɭɩɝʀ ɭɛ ʀɨ ɳɣɰ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ǽȓȞȓȝȖȟȡȐȎȥ

122

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 3

Ɋɩɝɬɹɟɨɛ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɛ ɝ ɥɨɣɞɛɰ ɪɩɫɩɟɣɦɛ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɮ ɞɛɦɮɢɷ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɛ Ʌɫʀɧ ɥɨɣɞɩɪɣɬɱʀɝ ʀ ɪɛɦʀɭɮɫɨɣɥʀɝ ɜɮɦɣ ɫɠɟɛɥɭɩɫɣ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɟɛɲʀ ɰɮɟɩɡɨɣɥɣ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɣ ɪɠɫɞɛɧɠɨɭɮ ɹɝɠɦʀɫɣ Ƚ ɐȲ²ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɺɥ ɬɝʀɟɲɛɭɷ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ ɢɛ ɩɟɨɮ ɥɨɣɞɮ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɥɮ ɪɣɭɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɧʀɬɷɥɣɤ ɜɮɟɣɨɩɥ ɛɜɩ ɞɠɥɭɛɫʀɝ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ʉɧɩɝʀɫɨɩ ɨɠ ɧɠɨɳ ɱʀɨɨɩɹ ɜɮɦɛ ɥɨɣɞɛ ɤ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɳɥɩɦɛɰ ɭɛ ɜʀɜɦʀɩɭɠɥɛɰ ɝɣɰɩɝɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɣɟɛɭɨɣɰ ɦʀɭɩ ɪɣɬɱʀɝ ʀ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɩɫʀɝ ɜɩɞɩɬɦɩɝʀɝ ʀ ɯʀɦɩɬɩɯʀɝ ɪɮɜɦʀɱɣɬɭʀɝ Ȳɧɠɨɛ ɟɠɺɥɣɰ ɟɣɝɩɧ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɨɛɳɣɰ ɟɨʀɝ ȿɩ ɨɣɰ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɱʀ Ɉɣɥɩɨ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ Ɉɠɬɭɩɫ Ɍɣɦɷɝɠɬɭɫ ɧɣɭɫɩɪɩɦɣɭɣ Ȳɦɛɫʀɩɨ ʀ Ʌɦɣɧ Ɍɧɩɦɺɭɣɲ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪ Ʌɣɫɣɦɩ ɍɮɫɩɝɬɷɥɣɤ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɂɛɭɩɲɨɣɥ ɭɛ ʀɨ ɐɩɲɛ ɝ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥʀɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ ɺɥ ʀ ɝ ɮɬʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɨɠ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɩ ɭɛɥɩʁ ɞɛɦɮɢʀ ɟʀ ɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɺɥ ɨɛɮɥɛ ɨɛɞɛɦɷɨʀ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɣ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɝɣɧɛɞɛɦɣ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɟɩ ɬɭɩɝʀɫɨɣɰ ʀ ɭɩɲɨɣɰ ɪɫɣɥɦɛɟɨɣɰ ɢɨɛɨɷ Ƚɩɨɣ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɮɬɨɩ ɢ ɪɩɥɩɦʀɨɨɺ ɝ ɪɩɥɩɦʀɨɨɺ ɺɥ ɪɫɩɯɠɬʀɤɨʀ ɬɠɥɫɠɭɣ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦʀɬɭɛɧɣ ɢ ɪɠɝɨɣɰ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɲɣɰ ɬɪɠɱʀ ɛɦɷɨɩɬɭɠɤ ɇɠɭɛɦɮɫɞʀɺ ɥɩɝɛɦɷɬɷɥɛ ʀ ɹɝɠɦʀɫɨɛ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɢɨɛɨɷ ʀɢ ɧɠɭɛɦɩɢɨɛɝɬɭɝɛ ȿɦɺ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɥɦɛ ɠɧɛɦɠɤ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɳɭɮɲɨɣɰ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦʀɝ ɬɦʀɟ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɨɛɭɣ ʁɰɨʀ ɰʀɧʀɲɨʀ ɝɦɛɬɭɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɔɩɜ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɭɣ ɪɛɦɩɧɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɟɩ ɬɝɺ ɭɣɰ ɧʀɬɱɷ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɢ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ȼɠɢ ɢɨɛɨɷ ɧɛɭɠɧɛɭɣɥɣ ɨɠɧɩɡɦɣɝɩ ɢɝɠɬɭɣ ɜɮɟʀɝɦɹ ɲɣ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɭɣ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨʀ ɩɪɠɫɛɱʀʁ ɍɛɥ ɱɠɞɦɛ ʀ ɟɠɥɩɫɛɭɣɝɨɛ ɥɠɫɛɧʀɲɨɛ ɪɦɣɭɥɛ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɢɛ ɪɠɝɨɣɧɣ ɬɭɛɨɟɛɫɭɛɧɣ ɇɛɤɬɭɫɣ ɢɨɛɦɣ ɤ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɲɣɬɦɩɧ ʌ ɂɨɛɨɨɺ ɢ ɛɬɭɫɩɨɩɧʀʁ ɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɩɫʀɾɨɭɮɝɛ ɭɣɬɷ ɮ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫʀ ɪɠɫɠɟɜɛɲɛɭɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɺɝɣɴɛ ɝɠɬɭɣ ɦʀɭɩɲɣɬɦɠɨɨɺ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɜɫɛɦɣɬɺ ʀɢ ɥɨɣɞ ɂɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɱɠ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɟɨʀ ɥɨɣɞɣ ɛɨɭɣ ɲɨɣɰ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɛɝɭɩɫʀɝ ʀɢ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɞɛɦɮ ɢɠɤ ɢɨɛɨɷ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɯʀɦɩɬɩɯʀʁ ɜʀɩɦɩɞʀʁ ɧɛɭɠɧɛɭɣɥɣ ɭɩɴɩ Ɉɛɤɪɩɪɮ ɦɺɫɨʀɳɣɧɣ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɜɮɦɣ ©ɐɫɩɨʀɥɛª Ⱦɠɩɫɞʀɺ Ȼɧɛɫɭɩɦɛ ɺɥɛ ɩɰɩɪɦɹɝɛɦɛ ɩɪɣɬ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɟʀɤ ɝʀɟ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɟɩ ɫ ©ȿɡɠɫɠɦɩ ɢɨɛɨɷª Ȳɩɛɨɨɛ ȿɛ ɧɛɬɥʀɨɛ ©ɓɠɬɭɩɟɨɠɝª Ȳɩɛɨɨɛ ɜɩɦɞɛɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɠɥɢɛɫɰɛ ɟɠ ɪɩɟɛɨɩ ɭɦɮɧɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɜʀ ɜɦʀɤɨɩʁ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟʀ ɪɫɩ ɳʀɬɭɷ ɟɨʀɝ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɬɝʀɭɮ ȼɩɞɩɧ ©ɏʀɢʀɩɦɩɞª ɨɠɝʀɟɩɧɩ ɞɩ ɛɝɭɩɫɛ ɴɩ ɧʀɬɭɣɝ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟʀ ɪɫɩ ɫɠɛɦɷɨɣɰ ʀ ɥɛɢɥɩɝɣɰ ɧʀɬɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɬɣɫɠɨɣ ɯɠɨʀɥɬ ɢɝʀɫʀɝ ɭɩɴɩ Ɏ ɭɝɩɫʀ Ʌɩɢɷɧɣ Ȳɨɟɣɥɩɪɦɩɝɛ ©ɐɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɭɩɪɩɞɫɛɯʀɺª ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɦɩɬɺ ɴɩ ɢɠɧɦɺ ³ ɲɩɭɣɫɣɥɮɭɨɣɥ ɩɭɩɲɠɨɣɤ ɩɥɠɛɨɩɧ ɱɠɨɭɫɩɧ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɝɝɛɡɛɝɬɺ Ȱɫɮɬɛɦɣɧ Ɋɩɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɫɠɛɦɷɨɣɰ ʀ ɝɣɞɛɟɛɨɣɰ ɪɩɟʀɤ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝʀɬɭɹ ɭɩɞɩɲɛɬɨɣɰ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɣɰ ɢɨɛɨɷ Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɛ ɭɛ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɧɠɨɳ ɟɩɬɭɩɝʀɫɨɛ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀɺ ɢ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ȼɦɣɢɷɥɩɞɩ Ɍɰɩɟɮ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷ ©ɐɩɟʀɨɨɺª ʀɞɮɧɠɨɛ ȿɧɣɭɫɛ ȿɛɨɣʁɦɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɝʀɟɝʀɟɛɝ Ɋɛɦɠɬɭɣɨɮ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɫ Ƚʀɨ ɪɩɟɛɝ ɟɠɭɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɩɪɣɬ Ȱɫɮɬɛɦɣɧɛ ɭɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɝɺɭɣɰ ɧʀɬɱɷ ©ɐɩɟʀɨɨɺª ɟɦɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɪɩɥɩɦʀɨɷ ɪɫɩɲɛɨ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɬɪɫɛɝɡɨʀɧ ɪɮɭʀɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɮ Ɍɝɺɭɮ ɢɠɧɦɹ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) ó äðóã³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² – ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ²²² ñò.

123

Ɏ ɪɣɬɠɧɨɣɰ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛɰ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɩ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɦʀɥɛɫʀɝ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɲɠɨɱɺ Ʌɣɾɝɩ Ɋɠɲɠɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫɺ Ȼɞɛɪʀɭɛ Ɏ ɫ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɮ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɣɲɮ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɩɝɠɟɠɨɩ ɰʀɫɮɫɞʀɲɨɮ ɩɪɠɫɛɱʀɹ ɢ ɝɣɟɛɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɮɰɦɣɨɣ ɨɛ ɳɣʁ Ȼ ɩɨɮ ɥɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ Ȱɝɪɫɛɥɬʀɺ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɦɛ ɧɠɟɣɲɨɣɤ ɭɫɛɥɭɛɭ ©ɇɛɢʀª

I Ɂ ɹɤɢɯ ɞɠɟɪɟɥ ɱɟɪɩɚɥɢɫɹ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɿ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɱɚɫɢ Ʉɢʀɜɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ" Ɏɬɨɛ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɛ ɭɝɩɫɲʀɬɭɷ Ɏ ɨɛɫɩɟɨʀɤ ɭɝɩɫɲɩɬɭʀ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɮ ɟɫɮɞɩʁ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɣ ɐȲ ² ɪɠɫɳɩʁ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɣ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɪɫɩɬɦʀɟɥɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɭʀ ɡ ɭɠɨɟɠɨɱʀʁ ɴɩ ʀ ɝ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɫɩɥɣ Ɋɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɝɛɦɣ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛ ɭɣɬɺ ɭɛɥʀ ɝɣɟɣ ɮɬɨɩʁ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɩʁ ɭɝɩɫɲɩɬɭʀ ɺɥ ɪɠɫɠɥɛɢɣ ʀ ɦɠɞɠɨɟɣ ɜɣɦɣɨɣ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛ ɨʀɭɨʀ ɪʀɬɨʀ ɥɩɦɺɟɥɣ ʀ ɴɠɟɫʀɝɥɣ ɥɛɢɥɣ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝ·ɺ ʀ ɪɫɣɪɩɝʀɟɥɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɩʁ ɭɝɩɫɲɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɣɭɛɧɛɨɨɩʁ ɬɛɧɠ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɮ ɬɦʀɟ ɝʀɟɢɨɛɲɣɭɣ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɨɣɤ ɠɪɩɬ ɮ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɩɬɪʀɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɣ ɝɩɡɟɺ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɭɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɣ ȼɣɦɣɨɣ ɟɩɪɩɝɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɩɝɣɧɣ ɬɹɡɠɭɛɧɣ ɪɫɩ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢ ɪɩɦɩɝɱɺɧɣ ɒɣɧɛɦɩ ɥɛ ɢɩɥ ɪɫɣɬɝɺɲɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɞɠɫɩʁɝ ɢʀ ɢɦɣ ɧɣ ɬɣɦɛɧɣ ³ Ʌɩɭɣɞɩɫɩɳɥɛ Ƚɠɫɨɣɞɩɫɣ Ƚɣɫ ɝɣɟɮɜɛ Ʌɣɫɣɦɛ Ʌɩɡɮɧ·ɺɥɣ ɭɩɴɩ ȿɩ ɱʀɾʁ ɟɩɜɣ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɥɛɢɥɣ ɟɠ ɢɞɛɟɮ ɾɭɷɬɺ ɂɧʀɤ Ⱦɩɫɣɨɣɲ Ɇʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ ɨɠɩɟɨɩɫɛ ɢɩɝɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɾ ɪɩɦɩɝɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɰɛɨɛ ɍɮɞɩɫɥɛɨɛ ©ɢɧʀɾɝɣɲɠɧª ɛ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɹɲɣ ɪɫɩ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɮ ɫ ɨɛɟ ɪɩɦɩɝɱɺɧɣ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɭɷ ɴɩ Ƚɩɦɩ ɟɣɧɣɫ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ ©ɬɩɥɫɮɳɣɝ ɞɩɦɩɝɣ ɢɧʀɺɧª ɉɭɡɠ ɝɲɠɨʀ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɂɧʀɺ Ⱦɩɫɣɨɣɲɛ ɮɢɛ ǸȜȠȖȑȜȞȜȦȘȜ ɞɛɦɷɨɠɨɣɧ ɩɜɫɛɢɩɧ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ Ʌɨɣɡɨʀ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɥɣ Ɇʀɭɩɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ ɚɥ ɝɛɧ ɮɡɠ ɝʀɟɩɧɩ ɥɨɣɡɨɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɢɛ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤ ɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɭɛ ɜɩɦɞɛɫɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɢɫɛɢɥɛɧɣ ɛɦɠ ɝɡɠ ɬɥɩɫɩ ɪɩɫɩɟɣɦɛ ɝɦɛɬɨɮ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɮ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭ ɺɥɩʁ ɪɫɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɨɛ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɟɫɮɞɩʁ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɣ ɐȲ ² ɪɠɫɳɩʁ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɣ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ȿɩ ɨɛɳɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɛɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɭɝɩɫɲɩɞɩ ɟɩɫɩɜɥɮ ɭʀɾʁ ɟɩɜɣ Ɉɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳɩɹ ɥɨɣɞɩɹ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɴɩ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨʀɤ ɟɠɨɷ ɾ ɉɬɭɫɩɧɣɫɩɝɠ Ȱɝɛɨɞɠɦʀɾ ɪɠɫɠɪɣɬɛɨɠ ɝ ² ɫɫ ɝ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɟɣɺɥɩɨɩɧ Ⱦɫɣɞɩ ɫʀɾɧ ɨɛ ɢɛɧɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɩɝɞɩɫɩɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɬɛɟɨɣɥɛ ɉɬɭɫɩɧɣɫɛ ɑɺ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɥɛ ɧɛɾ ɝɣɨɺɭɥɩɝɩ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɷɥɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɜɛɞɛɭɩɧɮ ɩɯɩɫɧɦɠɨɨɹ Ɍɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɩɹ ɠɨɱɣɥɦɩɪɠɟʀɾɹ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɢɨɛɨɷ ɭʀɾʁ ɟɩɜɣ ɜɮɦɣ ©Ȳɢɜɩɫɨɣɥɣª ³ ɢɜʀɫɨɣɥɣ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɢɛ ɭɠɧɛɭɣɥɩɹ ɭɝɩɫʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɮɲɠɨɣɰ ɺɥʀ ɫɩɢɭɦɮɧɛɲɮɹɭɷ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɨʀ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɨɨɺ ɜʀɜɦʀɤɨʀ ɬɹɡɠɭɣ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɩɝɲɛ ɹɭɷ ʀ ɟɛɹɭɷ ɨɛɬɭɛɨɩɝɣ Ƚ ©Ȳɢɜɩɫɨɣɥɮª ɫ ɢɨɛɲɨɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɪɫɣɟʀɦɠɨɩ ɪɫɛɝɣ

124

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 3

ɦɛɧ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɧɛɾ ɥɠɫɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɝ ɡɣɭɭʀ Ɏɪɠɫ ɳɠ ɨɛɞɩɦɩɳɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨʀ ɥɩɨɯɦʀɥɭɮ ɧʀɡ ɜʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɭɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɧɣ ɺɥɣɤ ɢɛɥɦɣɥɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɫɩɢɝ·ɺ ɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɨɱɣɪɛɰ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɧɩɫɛɦʀ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɝʀɟɮɹɲɣ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɮ ɦɹɜɩɝ ʀ ɝɬɠɪɫɩɴɠɨɨɺ ©Ȳɢɜɩɫ ɨɣɥª ɫ ɧɛɾ ʀ ɝɠɦɣɥɠ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɷɥɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ Ɋɠɫɦɣɨɩɹ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɫɮɬɷɥɩʁ ɰɮɟɩɡɨɷɩʁ ɦʀɭɠɫɛ ɭɮɫɣ ɾ ©Ɍɦɩɝɩ ɩ ɪɩɦɥɮ Ȳɞɩɫɠɝʀɧª Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨɛ ɟɮɧɥɛ ɭɝɩɫɮ ³ ɾɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ʀɢ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨɷɩɹ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɥɩɹ ɟɦɺ ɋɮɬʀ ɂɧʀɬɭɩɝɨɣɤ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷɬɺ ǿȠȜȞȳțȘȎ ǼȟȠȞȜȚȖȞȜȐȜȑȜ ɮ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨɩɧɮ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ©Ʌɣɾɝɩ Ɋɠɲɠɫ ǣȐȎțȑȓșȳȭ ɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪɛɭɠɫɣɥɮª ³ ɢɜʀɫɨɣɥɮ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɠɤ ɪɫɩ ɡɣɭ ɭɺ ɬɝɺɭɣɰ ɂɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɮ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɾ ɱʀɥɛɝɛ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀɺ ɪɫɩ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩ Ɏɬɪɠɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ Ɋɠɲɠɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫɺ ɡɣɝɩɪɣɬɱɺ Ȼɦʀɧ ɪʀɺ ʀ ɝɢɛɞɛɦʀ ɡɣɭɭɺ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɭʀɾʁ ɟɩɜɣ Ɉɛɤɩɫɣɞʀɨɛɦɷɨʀɳɩɹ ɯɩɫɧɩɹ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɫɮɬɷɥɩʁ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɣ ɍɫɛɟɣɱʀʁ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ ɬɥɦɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɛɦɠ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɪɩɳɣɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɝɬʀ ɫɠɞʀɩɨɣ ɋɮɬʀ Ɇʀɭɩɪɣɬɣ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɺɭɷ ɩɟɨɠ ɢ ɨɛɤɪɩɧʀɭɨʀɳɣɰ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɩ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɨɣɰ ɺɝɣɴ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ Ɉɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɮ ɝʀɟ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɰɫɩɨʀɥ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɣɬɛɦɣɬɺ ɫʀɟɨɩɹ ɧɩ ɝɩɹ ɴɩ ɫɩɜɣɦɩ ʁɰ ɪɩɪɮɦɺɫɨɣɧɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɲɣɭɛɦɣɬɺ ɤ ɪɠɫɠɪɣɬɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɷ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɲɩɧɮ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɨɛɳɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ Ȼɝɭɩɫɛɧɣ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬʀɝ ɜɮɦɣ ɲɠɨɱʀ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɣɥɣ ʀɞɮɧɠɨɣ ɪɫɣɟɝɩɫɨɣɰ ɧɩ ɨɛɬɭɣɫʀɝ ɨɛɜɦɣɡɠɨʀ ɟɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ʀ ɬɛɧʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ Ɋɫɛɥ ɭɣɲɨɩ ɝɬʀ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɣ ɮ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɣɤ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɨɣɤ ɢɝʀɟ ɝʀɟɩɧɣɤ ɪʀɟ ɨɛɢɝɩɹ ©Ɋɩɝʀɬɭɷ ɧɣɨɮɦɣɰ ɦʀɭª ɥʀɨɠɱɷ ɐȲ ² ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ ȼɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɣ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɫɩɢɞɛɦɮɡɠɨɨɺ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɮ ɨɛ ɫɺɟ ɰɫɩɨʀɥ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɧ ɢɧʀɬɭɩɧ ɺɥɣɰ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɧʀɬɱɠɝʀ ɪɩɟʀʁ ȿɩ ©Ɋɩɝʀɬɭʀ ª ɤɧɩɝʀɫɨɩ ɮɝʀɤɳɦɣ ɝɬʀ ɪɩɪɠ ɫɠɟɨʀ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɨʀ ɢɝɩɟɣ ɴɩ ɨɠ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɨɛɳɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ³ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨʀ ɪɩɝɲɛɨɨɺ ɮɬɨʀ ɪɠɫɠɥɛɢɣ ȿɛɭɩɝɛ ɨʀ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɝ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬʀ ɟɩɝɠɟɠɨʀ ɟɩ ɫ Ƚɝɛɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɴɩ ɛɝɭɩɫɩɧ ɢɝɩɟɮ ɜɮɝ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ Ɉɠɬɭɩɫ ɰɩɲɛ ɟɠ ɺɥʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɥɣ ɟɩɭɫɣɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɮɧɥɣ ɴɩ ɟɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ ǻȓȟȠȜȞ șȳȠȜȝȖȟȓȤȪ ȑȞȎȐȬȞȎ ɪɫɣɲɠɭɨɣɤ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ Ɍɣɦɷɝɠɬɭɫ ʀɞɮɧɠɨ ɇɣɰɛɤ ;9,,, ȟȠ

ɦʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ƚɣɟɮɜɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫɺ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) ó äðóã³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² – ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ²²² ñò.

Ɍɝɩɾ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɠ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɣɝ ɮ ɨɛɢɝʀ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɬɭɣ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɧ ɪɩɥɩɦʀɨɨɺɧ ©ɢɝʀɟɥɣ ɪʀɳɦɛ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɋɮɬɷɥɛ ɰɭɩ ɪɩɲɛɝ ɮ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɹɝɛɭɣ ʀ ɺɥ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɋɮɬɷª Ɇʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ ɬɮɧɦʀɨɨɩ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɝ ɪɫɩ ɞɠɫɩʁɲɨɮ ɜɩ ɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɨɛɳɣɰ ɪɫɠɟɥʀɝ ʀɢ ɝɩɫɩɞɛɧɣ ɪɫɩ ʁɰɨɹ ɨɠɦɠɞ ɥɮ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ ʀ ɭɺɡɥɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ Ɇʀɭɩɪɣɬ ɧɛɾ ɤ ɰɮɟɩɡɨɹ ɱʀɨɨʀɬɭɷ ɺɥ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɨɣɤ ɭɝʀɫ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɨɣɤ ɟɩɬɥɩɨɛ ɦɣɧ ɬɭɣɦɠɧ ʀ ɢ ɪɛɭɫʀɩɭɣɲɨɣɧ ɪɛɯɩɬɩɧ ȼɠɢɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɧ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɠɨɨɺɧ ©Ɋɩɝʀɬɭʀ ª ɾ Ʌɣ ʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɨɣɤ ɢɝʀɟ ɥʀɨɱɺ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ Ɏɥɦɛɟɠɨɣɤ ʀɞɮɧɠɨɩɧ ɇɩɤɬɠɾɧ ɮ Ƚɣɟɮɜɠɱɷɥɩɧɮ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀ ɝʀɨ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɬɮɥɮɪɨʀɬɭɷ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬʀɝ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɨɣɰ ɫʀɢɨɣ ɧɣ ɛɝɭɩɫɛɧɣ ʀ ɟɦɺ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ɏ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɢɝɩ ɟʀ ɢɨɛɤɳɦɣ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɨʀ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀʁ ɒɠɫ ɨʀɞɩɝɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɛ

125

ǿȠȜȞȳțȘȎ ©ǽȜȐȳȟȠȳ ȚȖțȡșȖȣ șȳȠª ȕ ȝȞȖȘșȎȒȜȚ ȒȓȘȜȞȎȠȖȐțȜȴ Ȑ·ȭȕȳ ȐȑȜȞȳ ȎȞȘȡȦȎ

I əɤɿ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɱɚɫɿɜ Ɋɭɫɿ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɞɿɣɲɥɢ ɞɨ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ" əɤɭ ɧɚɡɜɭ ɦɚɽ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɣ ɥɿɬɨ ɩɢɫɧɢɣ ɡɜɿɞ Ɋɭɫɿ ɳɨ ɫɬɚɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɿɯ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɢɯ"

Ȼɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɛ ɂɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɣɲʀɝ ʀ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ ɝ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥʀɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ ɭɫɣɝɛɝ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɣ ɚɥ ʀ ɫɛɨʀɳɠ ɛɫɰʀ ɭɠɥɭɮɫɨɣɤ ɝɣɞɦɺɟ ɧʀɬɭ ʀ ɬʀɦ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɝɬɺ ɨɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɟɠɫɠɝ·ɺɨɣɧɣ ɜɮɟʀɝɦɺɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɟɠɥɩɫɩɝɛɨʀ Ȳɢ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɜɮɟɮɝɛ ɦɣɬɺ ɮɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɨɺ ɧʀɬɭ ʀ ɢɝɩɟɣɦɣɬɺ ɰɫɛɧɣ Ɇʀɭɩɪɣɬ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɭɷ ɪɫɩ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɟɠ ɫɠɝ·ɺɨɣɰ ɰɫɛɧʀɝ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɞɩɦɩɝɨʀ ɰɫɛɧɣ ɜɮɟɮɹɭɷɬɺ ʀɢ ɱɠɞɦɣ ɭɛ ɥɛɧɠɨɹ Ȳɢ ɟɫɮɞɩʁ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɣ ɐȲ ɬɭ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɾ ɭɷɬɺ ɬɪɫɛɝɡɨɾ ɪʀɟɨɠɬɠɨɨɺ ɧɩɨɮɧɠɨɭɛɦɷ ɨɩɞɩ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɛ ɍɛɥ ɮ ɟɫɮɞʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ɐȲ ² ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ ɮ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɬɪɩ ɫɮɟɡɠɨʀ ɬɩɜɩɫɣ ȿɧɣɭɫʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɇɣɰɛɤ ɦʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɂɩɦɩɭɩɝɠɫɰɩɞɩ Ƚɣɟɮɜɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ Ɋɠɲɠɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɭɛ Ʌɦɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀɝ Ɏɪɫɩɝɛɟɡɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɭɣɪ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫ

ǺȖȣȎȗșȳȐȟȪȘȖȗ ǵȜșȜȠȜȐȓȞȣȖȗ ȟȜȏȜȞ ȟȡȥȎȟțȖȗ ȐȖȑșȭȒ ȳ ȞȓȘȜțȟȠȞȡȘȤȳȭ

126

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 3

ȄȓȞȘȐȎ ǯȜȑȜȞȜȒȖȤȳ ǽȖȞȜȑȜȧȜȴ ȡ ǸȖȱȐȳ ȟȡȥȎȟțȖȗ ȐȖȑșȭȒ

ǽ·ȭȠțȖȤȪȘȎ ȤȓȞȘȐȎ ȡ ȅȓȞțȳȑȜȐȳ ȟȡȥȎȟțȖȗ ȐȖȑșȭȒ

ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɰɫɛɧɮ ɳɠɬɭɣɬɭɩɝɪɨɛ ɜɮɟʀɝɦɺ ɢ ɩɟ ɨɣɧ ɥɮɪɩɦɩɧ Ɉɩɝɣɤ ɭɣɪ ɰɫɛɧɮ ɢɛɪɩɲɛɭɥɮɝɛɝ Ɏɬɪɠɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɰɫɛɧ Ɋɠɲɠɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫɺ ɫ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɢɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɫɛɢ ɥɩɧ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ ɢɜɮɟɮɝɛɝ ɰɫɛɧ ɮ ɋɩɬɭɩɝʀ Ɏ ɫ ɢɛ ɭɣɪɩɧ Ɏɬɪɠɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɝɠɟɠɨɩ ɇɣɰɛɤɦʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɂɩɦɩɭɩɝɠɫ ɰɣɤ ɬɩɜɩɫ ɮ Ʌɣɾɝʀ Ɋɩɲɣɨɛɹɲɣ ɢ ɰ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ ɛɫɰʀ ɭɠɥɭɮɫɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɨɛɜɮɝɛɾ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɫɣɬ ɑɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɩ ɢ ɪɩɬɣɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɫɩɦʀ ɮɟʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ ɭɛ ɫɩɢɜɮɟɩɝɩɹ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɬɭɩɦɣɱɷ ɂɨɛɲɨɩ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɬɪɩɫɮɟ ɛɦɠ ɢɧɠɨɳɮɹɭɷɬɺ ʁɰɨʀ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɣ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɬɪɫɩɴɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɤ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɨʀ ɯɩɫ ɧɣ ɓɠɬɭɣɬɭɩɝɪɨʀ ɜɮɟʀɝɦʀ ɪɩɝɩɦʀ ɝɣɭʀɬɨɺ ɹɭɷɬɺ ɲɩɭɣɫɣɬɭɩɝɪɨɣɧɣ ɂɧʀɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɭɠɰ ɨʀɥɛ ɥɦɛɟɥɣ ɬɭʀɨ ɏɩɫɧɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɛ ɲɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɬɷɥɛ ɪɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɛ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɨʀ ɳɥɩɦɣ ɛɦɠ ʁɰ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɮɾ ɾɟɣɨɣɤ ɬɭɣɦɷɩɝɣɤ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɩɥ ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɣɧɣ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɥɛɧɣ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɮ ɾ ɰɫɛɧ ɏɠɟɩɫʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩ ɨɛɬɭɣɫɺ ɫ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ȼɩɞɩɫɩɟɣɱʀ Ɋɣ ɫɩɞɩɴɩʁ ɫ Ʌɣɫɣɦʀɝɬɷɥɛ ɫ

ʀ Ƚɛɬɣɦʀɝɬɷɥɛ ɫ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɝ Ʌɣɾɝʀ əɫ·ʁɝɬɷɥɛ ɫ ɝ Ʌɛɨɠɝʀ ȼɩɫɣɬɩɞɦʀɜ ɬɷɥɣɤ ɫ ɭɛ Ɏɬɪɠɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɝʀ ɫɫ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ ɰɫɛɧɣ ɝ ɒɠɫɨʀɞɩɝʀ Ɏ ɭɩɤ ɡɠ ɲɛɬ ɯɩɫɧɮɾɭɷɬɺ ʀ ɝɦɛɬɨɛ ɞɛ ɦɣɱɷɥɛ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɨɛ ɳɥɩɦɛ ɺɥɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɢɛɪɩɢɣɲɮɾ ʀɢ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɛɫɰʀ ɭɠɥɭɮɫɣ ɫɩɧɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɭɣɦɹ ɥɩɦɩɨɣ ɢɛ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɣ ɝ ɬɭʀɨɛɰ ɫʀɢɷɜɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɩ ɥɛɧɠɨɹ ɝʀɭɫɛɡʀ ɭɩɴɩ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɐȲȲ ² ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɧɩɨɮɧɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɬɪɩ ɫɮɟ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɮɬɥɦɛɟɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɣɧɣ ɬɭɛɹɭɷ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɝɣɬɩɥʀ ɥɩɨɬɭɫɮɥɱʀʁ Ɉɩɝɣɤ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) ó äðóã³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² – ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ²²² ñò.

127

ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɨɣɤ ɬɭɣɦɷ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɺɬɥɫɛɝɩ ɪɫɩɺɝɣɝɬɺ ɮ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀ Ɋ·ɺɭɨɣɱɷɥɩʁ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɝ ɒɠɫɨʀɞɩɝʀ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ

I əɤɿ ɧɨɜɿ ɹɜɢɳɚ ɜ ɚɪɯɿɬɟɤɬɭɪɿ ɩɨɱɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɬɢɫɶ ɭ ɞɪɭɝɿɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɿ ɏȱ ± ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɏȱȱȱ ɫɬ "

Ʌɣɾɝɩ Ɋɠɲɠɫɬɷɥɛ ɦɛɝɫɛ Ȳɢ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɭɺɧ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɑɠɫɥɝɛ ɪɩɲɛɦɛ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɝɛɭɣ ɪɫɩɝʀɟɨɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɮ ɫɩɢ ɝɣɭɥɮ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɤ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɋɮɬʀ Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɣɧɣ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɧɣ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɜɮɦɣ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀ ɍɮɭ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɦɣ ɧɣɬɦɣɭɠɦʀ ɧɣɭɱʀ ɪɣɬɷɧɠɨɨɣɥɣ ɟʀɺɦɣ ɦʀɥɛɫʀ ʀɥɩɨɩ ɪɣɬɨʀ ɧɛɤɬɭɠɫɨʀ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɢɛɥɦɛɟɣ Ɋɫɩɝʀɟ ɨɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀɝ ɪɩɬʀɟɛɦɛ Ʌɣɾ ɝɩ Ɋɠɲɠɫɬɷɥɛ ɦɛɝɫɛ ɦɛɝɫɛɧɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥʀ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɛ ɨɛ ɫ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɫɠɢɣɟɠɨɱʀʁ ȼɠɫɠɬɭɩɝɩ ɨɛ ɩɥɩɦɣɱʀ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɺɥɮ ɢɛɪɩ ɲɛɭɥɮɝɛɝ ɲɠɫɨɠɱɷ Ȼɨɭɩɨʀɤ ɂɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɥɨɺ ɢɹɝɛɨɨɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɝʀɨ ɢɟʀɤɬ ɨɣɝ ɪɛɦɩɧɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɟɩ Ⱦɫɠɱʀʁ ɨɛ ɞɩɫɮ Ȼɯɩɨ ɴɩɜɣ ɝɥɦɩɨɣɭɣɬɺ ʁɰɨʀɧ ɬɝɺɭɣɨɺɧ ɂɛɰɩɪ ɦɠɨɣɤ ɪɩɜɛɲɠɨɣɧ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɬɭɫɣɞɬɺ ɝ ɲɠɨɱʀ ɭɛ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɝ ʀɧ·ɺ Ȼɨɭɩɨʀɺ ɨɛ ɲɠɬɭɷ ɬɝɺɭɩɞɩ Ȼɨɭɩɨʀɺ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɺɥɣɤ ɜɮɝ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɲɠɫɨɠɱɭɝɛ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɠɨɨɺ ɟɩ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɝʀɨ ɩɬɠ ɦɣɝɬɺ ɩɥɫɠɧɩ ɝ ɪɠɲɠɫʀ ɨɛ ɩɥɩɦɣɱʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ɋɩ ɟɠɺɥʀɧ ɲɛɬʀ ɟɩ Ȼɨɭɩɨʀɺ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɪɫɣɰɩ ɟɣɭɣ ɦɹɟɣ ɺɥʀ ɜɛɡɛɦɣ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɨɣɧ ɫɩɢɟʀ ɦɣɭɣ ɭɫɮɟɨɩɴʀ ɲɠɫɨɠɲɩɞɩ ɪɠɲɠɫɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭ ɭɺ Ʌɩɦɣ ɲɠɨɱʀɝ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɪ·ɺɭɨɛɟɱɺɭɷ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɣɥɩɪɛɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɪɠɲɠɫɮ ɝ ɺɥʀɤ ɮɦɛɳɭɮ ɝɛɦɣ ɱɠɫɥɝɮ ʀ ɥɠɦʀʁ ɟɦɺ ɬɠɜɠ ɉɟɨɛɥ Ȼɨ ɭɩɨʀɤ ɜɛɡɛɝ ɡɣɭɣ ɬɛɧʀɭɨɣɥɩɧ ɭɩɧɮ ɝʀɨ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɣɝ ɲɠɨɱɺɧ ʀɞɮɧɠɨɛ ɨɛɬɭɩɺɭɠɦɺ

Ƚɛɫɦɛɛɧɛ ɛ ɬɛɧ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɧɛ ɮɲɨɺɧɣ ɝʀɟʀɤɳɩɝ ɨɛ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀɤ ɪɛɞɩɫɜ ɟɠ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɣɝ

ȁȟȝȓțȟȪȘȖȗ ȟȜȏȜȞ ǸȖȱȐȜ ǽȓȥȓȞȟȪȘȜȴ șȎȐȞȖ ȞȓȘȜțȟȠȞȡȘȤȳȭ ȳ ȝșȎț

ȁȟȝȓțȟȪȘȖȗ ȟȜȏȜȞ ȟȡȥȎȟțȖȗ ȐȖȑșȭȒ

128

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 3

ɬɩɜʀ ɨɩɝɮ ɪɠɲɠɫɮ Ȳɢ ɨɠʁ ɝ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɧɮ ɪɩɬɭɛɦɣ ȼɦɣɡɨʀ ɪɠɲɠɫɣ ɛ ɢ ɭʀɾʁ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɛ ɝɣɥɩɪɛɨɛ ɬɪɠɫɳɮ ³ ȿɛɦɷɨʀ Ʌʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɲɠɨɱʀɝ ɮ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɠɲɠɫɛɰ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɦɛ Ɉɛ ɪɫɩɰɛɨɨɺ Ȼɨɭɩɨʀɺ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝ ɨɛɟɛɝ ɮ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨ ɨɺ ɲɠɨɱɺɧ ɮɬɹ ɞɩɫɮ ɟɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɦɛɳɭɩɝɮ ɝɛɦɣ ɪɠɲɠɫɣ Ɉɛ ɨʀɤ ɢɜɮɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɟɠɫɠɝ·ɺɨɮ ɱɠɫɥɝɮ ɤ ɨɩɝʀ ɥɠɦʀʁ Ȳɞɮɧɠɨɩɧ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫɺ ǸȖȱȐȜ ǽȓȥȓȞȟȪȘȎ șȎȐȞȎ ɪʀɬɦɺ Ƚɛɫɦɛɛɧɛ ɨɛ ɪɫɩɰɛɨɨɺ ɜɫɛɭʀʁ Ȼɨɭɩ ȟȡȥȎȟțȖȗ ȐȖȑșȭȒ

ɨʀɤ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɣɝ ɏɠɩɟɩɬʀɺ Ɉɩɝɣɤ ɨɛɬɭɩɺɭɠɦɷ ɮɬɦɛɝɣɝɬɺ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɝɪɩɫɺɟɥɮɝɛɝ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɫɮɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɲɠɫɨɠɱɭɝɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɟɬɭɛɝʀ ɬɮɝɩɫɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɭɮɭɮ ɞɫɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ Ɍɭɮɟɣɭɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫɺ Ƚʀɟɭɠɪɠɫ ɥɣɾ ɝɩ ɪɠɲɠɫɬɷɥʀ ɲɠɨɱʀ ɨɠ ɪɩɝɣɨɨʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɧɛɭɣ ɡɩɟɨɩʁ ɝɦɛɬɨɩɬɭʀ ɧɮɬɣɦɣ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɪɫɛ ɱɹɝɛɭɣ ɤ ɧɩɦɣɭɣɬɺ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝɦɛɬɨɩɫɮɲ ɫɩɜɣɦɣ ɫɠɲʀ ɪɫɩɟɛɝɛɦɣ ʁɰ ɛ ɨɛ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɨʀ ɥɩɳɭɣ ɥɮɪɮɝɛɦɣ ɰɦʀɜ ɺɥɣɤ ɟʀɦɣɦɣ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɮ Ȳɞɮɧɠɨ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɝ ʀ ɧɩɦɣɝɬɺ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɢ ɮɬʀɧɛ ɪɩɺɬɨɹɹɲɣ ɪɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɬɭɛɫɳɣɧ ɧɩɡɠ ɜɮɭɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɭɩɤ ɰɭɩ ɪɫɛ ɱɹɾ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɢɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ Ɍɥɦɛɟɠɨɣɤ ɏɠɩɟɩɬʀɾɧ ɮɬɭɛɝ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɪɠɫɠɤɨɺɦɣ ɝɬʀ ʀɨɳʀ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɉɛ ɥɩɳɭɣ ɴɩ ʁɰ ɟɛɫɮɝɛɦɣ ɤ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɟɛɦɣ ɦɛɝɫʀ ɝʀɫɺɨɣ ɏɠɩɟɩɬʀɤ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɝ ɢɜɮ ɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɝɠɦɣɲɨɣɤ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɣɤ ɰɫɛɧ ³ Ɏɬɪɠɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɩɜɩɫ Ȳɞɮɧɠɨ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ ɝ ɫ ɛɦɠ ɟɩ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɠɨɨɺ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɛ ɨɠ ɟɩɡɣɝ ɐɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɞʀɟɨɩ ɝɳɛɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɤ ɪɩɟɝɣɞ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɪɩɟɝɣɡɨɣ ɥʀɝ Ȼɨɭɩɨʀɺ ɭɛ ɏɠɩɟɩɬʀɺ ɪɫɣɦɮɲɣɝɳɣ ʁɰ ɟɩ ɦɣɥɮ ɬɝɺɭɣɰ ɂɛɬɨɩɝɛɨɛ ɨɣɧɣ Ʌɣɾ ɝɩ Ɋɠɲɠɫɬɷɥɛ ɦɛɝɫɛ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɩɟɨʀɾɹ ɢ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɰ ɬɝɺɭɣɨɷ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɤ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ȳʁ ɲɠɨɱɠɧ ɜɮɝ ©ɜɛɭɷɥɩ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁª Ɉɠɬɭɩɫ ɦʀɭɩ ɪɣɬɠɱɷ Ɏ ɬɭʀɨɛɰ ɦɛɝɫɣ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɦɣ ɨɛɤɝɣɟɛɭɨʀɳɣɤ ɭɩɞɩɲɛɬɨɣɤ ʀɥɩɨɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ Ȼɦʀɧɪʀɤ ɝʀɟɩɧʀ ɱʀɦɣɭɠɦʀ Ȼɞɛɪʀɭ ȿɛɧʀɛɨ Ɋɫɩɰɩɫ Ɇɩɜɩɟɨɣɥ ɒɠɨɱʀ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫɺ ɬɭɛɫɛɨɨɩ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɦɣ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɷ ɪɫɩ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɰ ɜɫɛɭʀɝ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɝɩɨɣ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɦɣ ɱʀ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟʀ ɮ ɝɠɦɣɥʀɤ ɥɨɣɢʀ ɪʀɟ ɨɛɢɝɩɹ ©Ʌɣɾɝɩ Ɋɠɲɠɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɛɭɠɫɣɥª Ƚɣɰɩɝɛɨɱʀ ɦɛɝɫɣ ɢɛɤɧɛɦɣ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɬɷɥʀ ɥɛɯɠɟɫɣ ɝ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥʀɤ ɧɣɭɫɩɪɩɦʀʁ ɭɛ ɪɩ ɳɣɫɹɝɛɦɣ ɝ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝʀ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɨɨɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɧɩɫɛɦɷɨɣɰ ʀɟɠɛɦʀɝ

I ɏɬɨ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɨɦ Ʉɢɽɜɨ ɉɟɱɟɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɥɚɜɪɢ" əɤɚ ɪɨɥɶ Ʉɢɽɜɨ ɉɟɱɟɪ ɫɶɤɨʀ ɥɚɜɪɢ ɭ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ Ɋɭɫɿ"

ɇɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɩ ɂ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɩɹ ɱɠɫɥɩɝ ɭʀɬɨɩ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɣɤ ɧɩɨɮɧɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɡɣɝɩɪɣɬ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝ ɦɠɨɣɤ ɧɩɢɛʁɥɛɧɣ ʀ ɯɫɠɬɥɛɧɣ ɇɩɢɛʁɥɛɧɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɠɨɩ ɰɫɛɧɣ ɇɣɰɛɤɦʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɂɩɦɩɭɩɝɠɫɰɩɞɩ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣ ɫɺ ɭɛ Ɏɬɪɠɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɩɜɩɫ Ɋɠɲɠɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫɺ ɇɩɢɛʁɥɛ ɱɣɰ ɰɫɛɧʀɝ ɢɛ ɥɩɧɪɩ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) ó äðóã³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² – ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ²²² ñò.

129

ɢɣɱʀɤɨɩɹ ɬɰɠɧɩɹ ɨɛɞɛɟɮɝɛɦɛ Ɍɩɯʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɩɜɩɫ ɛɦɠ ɢɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɱɣɰ ɰɫɛɧʀɝ ɮ ɐɐ ɬɭ ɢɨɣɴɣɦɩ ɱʀ ɝɣɭɝɩɫɣ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɩ ɧɣɬ ɭɠɱɭɝɛ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɟɠɴɩ ɝɟɛɦɩɬɺ ɝɫɺɭɮɝɛɭɣ Ȳɢ ɇɣɰɛɤɦʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɰɫɛɧɮ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ ɥɩɧɪɩ ɢɣɱʀɺ ©Ȱɝɰɛɫɣɬɭʀɺª ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ȿɧɣɭɫʀɺ Ɍɩɦɮɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ɍɭɠɯɛɨɛ ʀ ɏɛɟɠɺ Ɋɩɫʀɝ ɨɺɨɩ ʀɢ Ɍɩɯʀɤɬɷɥɣɧ ɬɩɜɩɫɩɧ ɧɩɢɛʁɥɣ ɂɩ ɦɩɭɩɝɠɫɰɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɣɲɠɨʀ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɺɬɥɫɛɝɣɧɣ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɛɧɣ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɲʀɭɥʀɳʀ ɦʀɨʀʁ ɜʀɦɷɳɮ ȂȞȓȟȘȜȐȳ ȞȜȕȝȖȟȖ ǸȖȞȖșȳȐȟȪȘȜȴ ȤȓȞȘȐȖ Ȑ ǸȖȱȐȳ ȟȡȥȎȟțȖȗ ȐȖȑșȭȒ

ɟɣɨɛɧʀɥɮ ɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɬɩɨɛɡʀɝ ɨɛɟʀɦɠɨɩ ʀɨ ɟɣɝʀɟɮɛɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɫɣɬɛɧɣ Ƚʀɟ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ ɰɫɛɧɣ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɹɭɷ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɛɭɣɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɯɫɠɬɥɛɧɣ ɧɩ ɢɛʁɥɣ ɝɡɠ ɨɠ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɢɛ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɬɭɣɦɠɧ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɨɨɺ ɯɫɠɬɥɣ ɨɛɞɛ ɟɮɹɭɷ ɧɩɢɛʁɥɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɺɥ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɩ ɪɫɣ ɥɫɛɳɛɦɣ ɝɬʀ ɬɭʀɨɣ ɰɫɛɧʀɝ Ɏ ɯɫɠɬɥɩɝɩɧɮ ɡɣɝɩɪɣɬʀ ɭɠɡ ɪɫɩɬɦʀɟɥɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɫɩɜɦɺɭɷɬɺ ɭɩɨɥɣɧɣ ɦʀɨʀɺɧɣ ǺȜȕȎȴȥțȎ ȘȜȚȝȜȕȖȤȳȭ ©ǣȐȣȎȞȖȟȠȳȭª ȕ ɪɩɬɭɛɭʀ ɬɭɛɹɭɷ ɟɣɨɛɧʀɲɨʀɳɣɧɣ ɯɛɫɜɣ ³ ǺȖȣȎȗșȳȐȟȪȘȜȑȜ ǵȜșȜȠȜȐȓȞȣȜȑȜ ȣȞȎȚȡ ɺɬɥɫɛɝʀɳɣɧɣ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɱʀɥɛɝɣɧɣ ɾ ɯɫɠɬ ɥɣ Ʌɣɫɣɦʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ Ɍɪɛɬɛ ɨɛ ȼɠɫɠɬɭɩɝʀ Ƚɣɟɛɭɨɣɧ ɡɣɝɩɪɣɬɱɠɧ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɜɮɝ Ȼɦʀɪʀɤ Ȼɦʀɧɪʀɤ ɉɦʀɧɪʀɤ Ɋɠɲɠɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɜɦ ²

Ɂɣɝɩɪɣɬɮ ɝʀɨ ɨɛɝɲɛɝɬɺ ɮ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɧɛɤɬɭɫʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɫɩɢɪɣɬɮɝɛɦɣ ɰɫɛɧɣ Ʌɣɾɝɛ Ȼɦʀɪʀɤ ɜɫɛɝ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɮ ɫɩɢɪɣɬʀ Ɏɬɪɠɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɩɜɩɫɮ Ʌɣɾɝɩ Ɋɠɲɠɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɦɛɝ ɫɣ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɝʀɨ ɬɭɛɝ ɲɠɨɱɠɧ ʀ ɪɫɩɬɦɛɝɣɝɬɺ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɨ ɨɺɧ ʀɥɩɨ ɟɠɥɩɭɫʀ ɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɲɮɟɩɟʀɤɨɣɧɣ ɂɛ ɪɠɫɠɥɛɢɛɧɣ ɬɛɧɠ ɝʀɨ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɝ ɧɩɢɛʁɲɨʀ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ ɟɦɺ ɇɣɰɛɤɦʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɂɩɦɩɭɩɝɠɫɰɩɞɩ ɬɩɜɩɫɮ ɝ Ʌɣɾɝʀ Ɋɩɰɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɮ ȼɦɣɡɨʀɰ ɪɠɲɠɫɛɰ Ʌɣɾɝɩ Ɋɠɲɠɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɦɛɝɫɣ ǮșȳȚȝȳȗ Ǯșȳȝȳȗ

Ƚɣɢɨɛɲɨɣɧ ɢɟɩɜɮɭɥɩɧ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɛ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɾ ʀɥɩɨɩɪɣɬ Ȳɥɩɨ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɩɬɺ ɟɮɡɠ ɧɛɦɩ Ʌɩɡɨɛ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɾ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɧ ɝɣɭɝɩɫɩɧ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɛ ɝɬɠɬɝʀɭɨɷɩɞɩ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ

130

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 3

Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥʀ ɝɲɠɨʀ ɟɩɝɠɦɣ ɴɩ ɝɬʀ ʀɥɩɨɣ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɪɠ ɫʀɩɟɮ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɨɩ ɝ Ʌɣɾɝʀ Ɍɭɣɦɷ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɫɩɢ ɧʀɫɣ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɰ ʀɥɩɨ ɨɛɞɛɟɮɹɭɷ ɧɩɢɛʁɥɮ ɭɛ ɯɫɠɬɥɣ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɣɧ ɝɣɟɩɧ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɛ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɜɮɦɛ ɥɨɣɡɥɩɝɛ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ ɑɠ ³ ɨɠɝʀɟ·ɾɧɨɛ ɬɥɦɛɟɩɝɛ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɛ ɫɮɥɩɪɣɬɨɩʁ ɥɨɣɞɣ Ⱦɩɝɩɫɺɲɣ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ ³ ɱɠ ʀɦɹɬɭɫɛɱʀɺ ɟɩ ɥɨɣɞɣ Ɉɠɝɠ ɦɣɥʀ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɣ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɰɮɟɩɡɨɷɩɞɩ ɭɝɩɫɮ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɹɹɭɷ ʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɝɣɭɩɨɲɠɨɮ ɧɛɨɠɫɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɨɨɺ Ɉɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳʀ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɣ ɴɩ ɟʀɤɳɦɣ ɟɩ ɨɛɬ ɝʀɟ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɋɮɬʀ ɝɨɠɬɠɨɩ ɟɩ ©ɉɬɭɫɩɧɣɫɩɝɩɞɩ Ȱɝɛɨɞɠɦʀɺª ǥȘȜțȎ ©ǯșȎȑȜȐȳȧȓțțȭª ;,, ȟȠ

ɍɮɭ ɨɛ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɛɫɥɮɳɛɰ ɮɧʀɴɠɨɩ ɭɫɣ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɣ ʀɢ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺɧ ɾɝɛɨɞɠɦʀɬɭʀɝ Ȳɩɛɨɨɛ ɇɛɫɥɛ ʀ Ɇɮɥɣ ɐɮɟɩɡɨɣɥ ɺɥɣɤ ɟɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɝɬʀɰ ɭɩɞɩɲɛɬɨɣɰ ɥɛ ɨɩɨʀɝ ɢɮɧʀɝ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɺɬɥɫɛɝʀ ɪɬɣɰɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɩɜɫɛɢɣ ɴɩ ɬɝʀɟɲɣɭɷ ɪɫɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɠɩɫɟɣɨɛɫɨɣɤ ɰɣɬɭ Ɏɬʀ ɦʀɨʀʁ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɨɩ ɢɩɦɩɭɩɧ ɛ ɭɦɩ ɢɛɪɩɝɨɠɨɠ ɺɬɥɫɛɝɣɧɣ ɜɛ ɫɝɛɧɣ ɑɠ ɨɛɞɛɟɮɾ ɪɠɫɠɞɩɫɩɟɲɛɬɭɮ ɠɧɛɦɷ ɹɝɠɦʀɫʀɝ ɋɮɬʀ ɇʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɣ ɩɜɦɺɧɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɩɫɨɛɧɠɨɭɣ ɪɩɟʀɜɨʀ ɟɩ ɭɣɰ ɴɩ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɝ Ɍɩɯʀɤɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɬɩɜɩɫʀ Ʌɣɾɝɛ Ɋɫɩ ɝɣɬɩɥɮ ɧɛɤɬɭɠɫɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɨɣɡɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɣɬɷɧɛ ɭɛ ʀɦɹɬɭɫɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɝʀɟɲɣɭɷ ɭɛɥɩɡ ©Ȳɢɜɩɫɨʀɥª ɫ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɣɤ ɟɦɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝɛ ɭɛ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɣɲʀɝ Ʌɨɣɞɛ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɱʀɥɛɝɣɧ ɫɩɢɝɩɫɩɭɩɧ ɨɛ ɦʀɝɩɧɮ ɜɩɱʀ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɢɩɜɫɛ ɡɠɨɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ ʀɢ ɫɩɟɣɨɩɹ ³ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ɞɫɮɪɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɫɭɫɠɭ ɫɠɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɮ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɫɮɬɷ ǼȟȠȞȜȚȖȞȜȐȓ ǣȐȎțȑȓșȳȱ ɥɩɧɮ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝʀ ɨɛ ɪɫɛɝɩɧɮ ³ Ɍɪɛɬ ɨɛ ɪɫɠɬɭɩ ȚȳțȳȎȠȬȞȖ

ɦʀ Ɉɛ ɭɫɠɭɷɩɧɮ ɛɫɥɮɳʀ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɩ ɩɫɨɛɧɠɨɭɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɭɫɣɝɠɫɰɣɤ ɰɫɛɧ ɟɛɦʀ ³ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɪɩɫɭɫɠɭɨʀ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɣ Ɏ ɭɠɥɬɭʀ ©Ȳɢɜɩɫɨɣɥɛª ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɥɫɛɬɣɝʀ ɢɛɬɭɛɝɥɣ ʀɨʀɱʀɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠ ɞɛɰ ɥɨɣɞɣ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨʀ ɢɨɛɥɣ ɢɩɟʀɛɥɮ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɮ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɪɫɣɝɠɫɭɛɹɭɷ ɧʀɨʀ ɛɭɹɫɣ ɋɛɟɢɣɝʀɦʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɮ ɪɩ ɲɛɭɥɮ ɐ9 ɬɭ ɺɥɣɤ ɾ ɥɩɪʀɾɹ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣ ɧɣɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɨɩɞɩ ɢɝɩɟɮ ɫ ȃȞȓȧȓțțȭ ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞȎ ȚȳțȳȎȠȬȞȎ Ʌɨɣɞɛ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɩɝɣɰ ɧʀɨʀɛ ȕ ǾȎȒȕȖȐȳșȳȐȟȪȘȜȑȜ șȳȠȜȝȖȟȡ

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) ó äðóã³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² – ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ²²² ñò.

131

ɭɹɫ ɴɩ ʀɦɹɬɭɫɮɹɭɷ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɋɮɬʀ ɇɛɦɹɨɥɣ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɨʀ ɝ ɟɩɝʀɦɷɨʀɤ ɧɛ ɨɠɫʀ ɟɛɹɭɷ ɱʀɨɨʀ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɩ ɛɫɰʀ ɭɠɥɭɮɫɨʀ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɣ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɩɟɺɞ ɢɜɫɩɹ ɫɠɲʀ ɰɛɭɨɷɩɞɩ ɝɡɣɭɥɮ Ɏ ɨɣɰ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɩ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ǵȞȎȕȜȘ ȒȓȘȜȞȎȠȖȐțȜ ȝȞȖȘșȎȒțȜȑȜ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɷ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɫɮɬɣ ȚȖȟȠȓȤȠȐȎ Ǿȡȟȳ ȁȘȞȎȴțȖ ɲʀɝ ɨɛ ɑɛɫɞɩɫɩɟ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩ Ɍɩɯʀɤ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɩɜɩɫɮ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɥɣɺɨ ɮ ʀ ɫɫ ɜɣɭɝɣ ɢ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɥɛɧɣ ʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥʀ ɮɬɩɜɣɱʀ ɭɩɴɩ Ɏ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ·ɺɢɷ ³ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɠ ɟɠɥɩɫɛɭɣɝɨɠ ɪɣɬɷɧɩ ɺɥɠ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩ ɝɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɝ ɫɮɥɩɪɣɬɛɰ ɨɛ ɯɫɠɬɥɛɰ ʀɥɩɨɛɰ ɧɩɞɣɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭɛɰ ɭɩɴɩ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɣɧ ʀ ɫʀɢɷɜɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɩ ɥɛɧɠɨɹ Ɉɣɧ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɛɦɣɬɺ ɰɫɛɧɣ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɢɢɩɝɨʀ ɂɜɠɫɠɞɦɩɬɺ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɫʀɢɷɜɦɠɨɣɰ ɳɣɯɠɫɨɣɰ ɪɦɣɭ Ɍɪɛɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɩ ɜɩɫɮ ɒɠɫɨʀɞɩɝɛ ɇɣɰɛɤɦʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɂɩɦɩɭɩɝɠɫɰɩɞɩ ʀ Ɋɠɲɠɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀɝ Ɉɛ ɨɣɰ ɝɣɫʀɢɷɜ ɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɩɫɨɛɧɠɨɭɣ ©ɬɝɺɭɣɰ ɝɩʁɨʀɝª ɛɨɭɣɲɨʀ ɭɛ ɜʀɜɦʀɤɨʀ ɬɹɡɠɭɣ Ƚɣɢɨɛɲ ɨɣɧ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɠɨɨɺɧ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɫʀɢɷɜɺɫʀɝ ɾ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɲɥʀ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨʀ ʀɥɩɨɣ Ɉɛɤɲɛɬɭʀɳɠ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɩ ɪɠɫɳɣɰ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɝɺɭɣɰ ȼɩ ɫɣɬɛ ʀ Ⱦɦʀɜɛ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ȿɧɣɭɫʀɺ Ɍɩɦɮɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ȼɩɞɩɫɩ ɟɣɱɹ Ɍɪɛɬɛ ɬɝ ɇɣɥɩɦɛɺ ɭɩɴɩ Ƚɣɬɩɥɩɞɩ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɩ ɪɫɣɥɦɛɟɨɠ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɩ Ʉɩɞɩ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝʀɬɭɹ ɜɮɦɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɝɣɫɩɜɛɰ ɬɪʀɝʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɠɦɠɧɠɨɭɣ ɺɢɣɲɨɣɱɷɥɩʁ ɭɛ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɬɣɧɝɩɦʀɥɣ Ɋɫɣɥɦɛɟɨɠ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɩ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɠ ɹɝɠɦʀɫɨɣɧɣ ɝɣɫɩɜɛɧɣ ɟɠɥɩɫɮɝɛɨ ɨɺɧ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭʀɝ ɪɩɜɮɭɮ ɪɩɬɮɟɮ ɢɜɫɩʁ ɫʀɢɷɜɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɪɩ ɥʀɬɭɱʀ ǴȳțȜȥȳ ȝȞȖȘȞȎȟȖ ³ ȘȜșȠȖ Ɏ ɐȲ²ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɣ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭɮ ɭɠɰɨɩɦɩɞʀʁ ɫɮɬɷ ɥɣɰ ɹɝɠɦʀɫɨɣɰ ɧɛɤɬɭɫʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɞɩɫɩɟɲɛɬɭɩʁ ɠɧɛɦʀ ɢɠɫɨʀ ɭɛ ɲɠɫɨʀ ɍɠɰɨɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɪɠɫɠɞɩɫɩɟɲɛɬɭɩʁ ɠɧɛɦʀ ɪɠɫɠɟɜɛɲɛɦɛ ɨɛɪɛɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɥɩɳɭɩɝɨʀ ɫɠɲʀ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨʀ ɪɠɫɠ ɝɛɡɨɩ ʀɢ ɢɩɦɩɭɛ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɠɫɠɞɩɫɩɟ ɺɥʀ ɮɭɝɩɫɹ ɝɛɦɣ ɪɩɫɩɡɨɣɨɣ ɴɩ ɢɛɦɣɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɫʀɢɨɩɥɩɦɷɩɫɩɝɩɹ ɠɧɛɦɦɹ Ʌɩɦɷɩɫɩɝɛ ɞɛɧɛ ɠɧɛɦɠɤ ɜɮɦɛ ɺɬɥɫɛɝɩɹ ɛɦɠ ɨɠ ɥɩɨɭɫɛɬɭɨɩɹ Ƚɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɠɧɛɦʀ ɬɣɨɷɩɞɩ ɡɩɝɭɩɞɩ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɩɞɩ ɜʀɦɩɞɩ ɢɠɦɠɨɩɞɩ ʀ ɥɩɫɣɲɨɠɝɩɞɩ ɥɩɦɷɩɫʀɝ ɀɧɛɦɺɧɣ ɝɥɫɣɝɛɦɣ ɟʀɛɟɠɧɣ ɥɩɦɭɣ ɬɠ ɫɠɡɥɣ ɨɛɧɣɬɭɛ ɪʀɟɝʀɬɥɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɨʀ ɩɜɫɛɢɣ Ȱ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɩɢɟɩɜɦɠɨʀ ɠɧɛɦɦɹ ɟɩɫɩɞʀ ɪɛɦʀɭɮɫɥɣ ɥɨɣɞ DzȎȐțȪȜȞȡȟȪȘȳ ȘȳȟȠȭțȳ ȦȎȣȖ

132

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 3

DzȳȎȒȓȚȎ ȕȳ ȟȘȎȞȏȡ ȟ ǿȎȣțȳȐȘȎ

ɓɠɟɠɝɫɩɧ ɹɝɠɦʀɫʀɝ ɾ ɢɩɦɩɭɛ ɟʀɛɟɠɧɛ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɛ ɢɨɛɤɟɠɨɛ ɮ ɬɥɛɫɜʀ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ ɬɠɦɛ Ɍɛɰɨʀɝɥɛ ɨɛ ɒɠɫɥɛɴɣɨʀ ɝ ɫ ȿʀɛɟɠɧɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɩɹ ɪɛɫɛɟɨɩɞɩ ɝɜɫɛɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɞɣɨʀ Ƚɩɨɛ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɛɬɺ ɢ ɟɠɝ·ɺɭɣ ɢɩɦɩɭɣɰ ɪɦɛɬɭɣɨ Ɉɛ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀɤ ɪɦɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɜʀɦɩɹ ɬɣɨɷɩɹ ɢɠɦɠɨɩɹ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɩɹ ɭɛ ɡɩɝɭɩɹ ɠɧɛɦɦɹ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɩ ɦɹɟɣɨɮ ɢ ɥɩɫɩ ɨɩɹ ɨɛ ɞɩɦɩɝʀ ɭɛ ɟɝɩɰ ɞɫɣɯɩɨʀɝ ɂɛ ɦɠɞɠɨɟɩɹ ɱɠ Ȼɦɠɥɬɛɨɟɫ ɇɛɥɠɟɩɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɴɩ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɨɠɜɩ ɥɩɦʀɬɨɣɱɠɹ ɢɛɪɫɺɡɠɨɩɹ ɞɫɣɯɩɨɛɧɣ ɍɠɰɨɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɢɠɫɨʀ ɪɠɫɠɟɜɛɲɛɦɛ ɨɛɪɛɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɢɩɦɩɭɣɰ ɥɮɦɷɩɥ ɨɛ ɝɣ ɫʀɜ ɴɩ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɣ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɣɤ ɩɫɨɛɧɠɨɭ ɂɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɭɠɰɨʀɥɣ ɲɠɫɨʀ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨɠ ɩɲɩɫɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɫʀɜɦɛ ʀ ɢɩɦɩɭɛ ɹɝɠɦʀɫɣ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɺɦɣ ɜɫɛɬɦɠɭɣ ɥɩɦɭɣ ɪɠɫɬɨʀ ɰɫɠɬɭɣ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɬɣ Ʌɫɛɴɣɧɣ ɝɣɫɩɜɛɧɣ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɣɧɣ ɝ ɭɠɰɨʀɱʀ ɲɠɫɨʀ ɮ ɐȲȲ²ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɾ ɳɣɫɩɥʀ ɪɦɛɬɭɣɨɲɛɬɭʀ ɜɫɛɬɦɠɭɣ ɨɛɫɮɲʀ ɢʀ ɬɫʀɜɦɛ Ɉɛ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɬɭɮɦɥɛɰ ɪɩɟʀɦɠɨɣɰ ɨɛ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɲɛ ɬɭɣɨ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɛɦɣɬɺ ɯɛɨɭɛɬɭɣɲɨʀ ɢɝʀɫʀ ɤ ɪɭɛɰɣ ɥɝʀɭɣ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨʀ ɪɦɠɭʀɨɨɺ ɬɹɡɠɭɨʀ ɥɩɧɪɩɢɣɱʀʁ ɢ ɺɢɣɲɨɣɱɷɥɩɹ ɬɣɧɝɩɦʀɥɩɹ ɭɩɴɩ Ɉɛ ɥɩɡɨʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨʀ ɝ ɫɛɧɱʀ ɜɛɲɣɧɩ ɟɝɩɰ ɪɭɛɰʀɝ ɬɩɜɛɥ Ɍʀɧɛɫɞʀɝ ɪɭɛɰɛ ɞɮɬɦɺɫɛ ɝ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɮɜɩɫʀ ɤ ɟɩɝɞʀɤ ɝɣɳɣɭʀɤ ɬɩɫɩɲɱʀ ɡʀɨɥɮ ɝ ɭɛɨɱʀ ɢʀ ɬɪɮɴɠɨɣɧɣ ɫɮɥɛɝɛɧɣ ɤ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥɛ ɢ ɧɠɲɠɧ ʀ ɴɣɭɩɧ Ɍɹ ɡɠɭɨʀ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɜɫɛɬɦɠɭɛɰ ɨɛɫɮɲɛɰ ɨɛɞɛɟɮɹɭɷ ɝɠɡʀ Ɍɩɯʀʁ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ Ɋɩɳɣɫɠɨɣɧ ɝɣɟɩɧ ɰɮɟɩɡɨɷɩɞɩ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɛ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɫʀɢɷɜɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɩ ɟɠ ɫɠɝɮ ɭɛ ɥʀɬɭɱʀ ɋʀɢɷɜɩɹ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɠɫɠɝ·ɺɨʀ ɩɬɠɦʀ ɫɠɲʀ ɰɛɭɨɷɩɞɩ ɝɡɣɭɥɮ ɲɩɝ ɨɣ ɬɛɨɣ ɭɩɴɩ ɋʀɢɷɜɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɦɛɬɥɩɹ ɩɫɨɛɧɠɨɭ ³ ɞɠɩɧɠɭɫɣɲɨɣɧ ɫʀɟɥɩ ³ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ɨɩ ɞɠɩɧɠɭɫɣɲɨɣɧ ɋʀɢɷɜɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɪɩ ɥʀɬɭɱʀ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɣ ɢɟɩɜɮɦɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɠ ɝɣɢɨɛɨ ɨɺ ȳɰɨʀ ɝɣɫɩɜɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɝʀɟɩɧʀ ɝ ɮɬʀɰ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɮ ɪɩɪɮɦɺɫɨʀɬɭɷ ɧɛɦɣ ɫʀɢɷɜɦɠɨʀ ɳɥɛɭɮɦɥɣ ɩɜɫɛɢɣ ɫɮɥʀɝ·ɺ ɨɩɡʀɝ ɟɢɠɫɥɛɦ ɦɩɡɥɣ ɳɛɰɣ ɭɛ ɳɛɳɥɣ

I əɤɿ ɜɢɞɢ ɦɢɫɬɟɰɬɜɚ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɿ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɿɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɿ ɏȱ ² ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɏȱȱȱ ɫɬ " ɍ ɹɤɿɣ ɬɟɯɧɿɰɿ ɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɥɢ ɸɜɟɥɿɪɧɿ ɦɚɣɫɬɪɢ Ɋɭɫɿ"

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) ó äðóã³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² – ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ²²² ñò.

133

Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ȿɛɝɨɷɩɫɮɬɷɥɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɛ ɺɬɥɫɛɝɣɤ ɬɦʀɟ ɮ ɬɝʀɭɩɝʀɤ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ȳɐ² ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ȳʁ ɝɨɠɬɩɥ ɟɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɤ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɜɮɝ ɨɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɦɛ ɝʀɟ ɝɩɾɨɨɣɰ ɬɮɭɣɲɩɥ ʀɢ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀɧɣ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɧɣ ɟɩ ɫʀɝɨɩɪɫɛɝɨɩʁ ɮɲɛɬɭʀ ɝ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɡɣɭɭʀ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɭɛ ȼɦɣɢɷɥɩɞɩ Ɍɰɩɟɮ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɜɮɟɮɲɣ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɾɹ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɝɛɦɛ ɢɨɛɲɨɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɮ ɧʀɡɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɣɰ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨɛɰ ɮ Ɍɰʀɟɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɭʀɾʁ ɟɩɜɣ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɮɥɦɛɟɛɦɣ ɮɞɩɟɣ ɢ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɾɹ ɭɛ Ɍɝɺɴɠɨɨɩɹ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩɹ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɾɹ Ɋɩɦɷɴɠɹ ɭɛ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɩɹ Ɇɣɭɝɩɹ ɭɛ ɺɭɝɺɞɛɧɣ ɬɥɫʀɪɦɹɹɲɣ ʁɰ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɨɩɫɧɩɹ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɟɣɨɛɬɭɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɳɦɹɜɛɧɣ ɋɮɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɟɣɨɛɬɭɣɲɨʀ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ɢ ɏɫɛɨɱʀɾɹ ɓɝɠɱʀɾɹ Ȼɨɞɦʀɾɹ Ɍɝɺɴɠɨɨɩɹ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩɹ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɾɹ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɩɹ Ɉɩɫɝɠɞʀɾɹ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɾɹ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɣɤ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭ ʀ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɛ ɧʀɱɷ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɪɩɾɟɨɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɢ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɧ ɫʀɝɨɠɧ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ Ƚɣɬɩɥɩɪɫɩɟɮɥɭɣɝɨɣɧɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɠɧɦɠɫɩɜɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɬɥɩɭɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɛ ʀ ɪɫɩɧɣɬɦɣ Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɪɩɬʀɟɛɦɣ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨʀ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨʀ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɋɮɬɬɹ ɪɫɩɦɺɞɛɝ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɤ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɣɤ ɳɦɺɰ ©ʀɢ ɝɛɫɺɞʀɝ ɮ ɞɫɠɥɣª ɀɨɠɫɞʀɤɨʀ ɤ ɜɛɞɛɭʀ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɥɮɪɱʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɝʀɟɩɧʀ ɧɛɦɩ ɨɠ ɝ ɮɬɷɩɧɮ ɭɩɞɩɲɛɬɨɩɧɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ Ʌɣʁɝ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɝɬɺ ɱɠɨɭɫɩɧ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɩʁ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ Ȳɨɩɢɠɧɨʀ ɥɮɪɱʀ ɭɩɫɞɮɝɛɦɣ ɝ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ Ɉɛ ɟɮɧɥɮ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɥʀɝ ɢɛ ɫʀɝɨɠɧ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɧʀɬɭ ʀ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɝ ɐ²ɐȲ ɬɭ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɝɣɪɠɫɠɟɡɛɦɛ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ɉɠɟɛɫɧɛ ɝɛɫɺɞɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ʁʁ ©ɥɫɛʁɨɩɹ ɧʀɬɭª ɞɠɫɟɠɫɣɥɛ ɛ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɹɝɛɦɣ Ʌɣʁɝ ɢʀ ©ɬɭɩɦɣɱɠɹ ɬɝʀɭɮª ³ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɠɧ ȿɩɱʀɦɷɨɩ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɭɣ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɨɛ ɝʀɫɩɭɠɫɪɣɧʀɬɭɷ ɺɥɛ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɂɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɮ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ɜɮɦɣ ɥɩɦɩɨʀʁ ɾɝɫɠʁɝ ɨʀɧɱʀɝ ɪɩɦɺɥʀɝ ɝʀɫɧɠɨʀɝ ɝɛɫɺɞʀɝ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ Ɉɛ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɛ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɛ ɤ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɷɨɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ Ɍɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɛ ʀ ɨɠɪɩɝɭɩɫɨɛ ɝɩɨɛ ɝɝʀɜɫɛɦɛ ɝ ɬɠɜɠ ɥɫɛɴʀ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɂɛɰɩɟɮ ʀ Ɍɰɩɟɮ ʀ ɝɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɝʀɟɲɮɭɨɩ ɝɪɦɣɝɛɦɛ ɨɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨɣɤ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɬɝʀɭɮ ȿɛɦɠɥɩ ɢɛ ɧɠɡɛɧɣ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝɴɣɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɝʀɟɩɧʀ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥʀ ɹɝɠɦʀɫɣ ʀɥɩɨɩɪɣɬɱʀ ɢɜɫɩɺɫʀ Ƚɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨʀ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɛɧɣ ɝɣɫɩɜɣ ɝɫɛɡɛɦɣ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɝɣɭɩɨɲɠɨʀɬɭɹ ʀ ɥɫɛɬɩɹ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɝ ɭɩɞɩɲɛɬɨɩɧɮ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɦɣ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɣ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨɩɬɭɠɤ ɇɩɞɮɭɨɺ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɋɮɬɷ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɪɫɣɬɥɩɫɣɦɛ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɣɤ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɣɤ ʀ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨɣɤ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɠɭɛɪɩɧ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɨɛɫɩɟǸȎȚ·ȭțȎ șȖȐȎȞțȎ ȢȜȞȚȎ ɨɩɬɭɠɤ ɝʀɟɬɭɩɺɦɛ ɬɝɩʁ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɝʀɟ ɝɩɫɩɞʀɝ

134

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 3

ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨʀɤ ɾɟɨɩɬɭʀ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɢɜɛɞɛɲɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɮɥɦɛɟ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɧɩɝɛ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɷɨɛ ɤ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ʁɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɛ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɤ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨɩɧɮ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɨɠ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɢɟɛɝɨɛ ɪɫɩɡɣɝɛɦɣ ɨɛ ʁʁ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɛɜɩ ɝ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɂɛɞɛɦɩɧ ɨɛ Ɋɩɟɨʀɪɫɩɝ·ʁ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨʀ ɤ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ ɮ Ɋɫɣɲɩɫɨɩɧɩɫ·ʁ ɭɛ Ɋɫɣɛɢɩɝ·ʁ ɢɛɥɦɛɟɛɦɣɬɺ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀʁ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɬɭʀ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɍɛɧɠ ɭɩɟʀ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɛ ɨɛɫɩɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɦɛ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɤ ɬɭɣɧɮɦ ɟɦɺ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɩ ɦʀɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɤ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ Ɉɛ ɟɮɧɥɮ ɝɣɟɛɭɨɩɞɩ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɛ ɤ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɟʀɺɲɛ ɇɣɰɛɤɦɛ Ⱦɫɮɳɠɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ©Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɛ ɋɮɬɷ ɾ ɩɟɨʀɾɹ ɢ ɪɠɫɳɣɰ ɯɩɫɧ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɬɭʀª Ʉɩɞɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩɭɩɧɨɛ ɪɫɛɱɺ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ³ ©Ȳɬɭɩɫʀɺ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɋɮɬɣª ɍɫɛɟɣɱʀʁ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝɣɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɛɬɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɧʀɱɨɣɧɣ ɴɩ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɨɛ ɳɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɝɳɣ ɨɩɝɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɝ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɷɨʀɤ ʀ ɟɮɰɩɝɨʀɤ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫʀ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɱʀɝ ɫɩɬʀɺɨ ɜʀɦɩɫɮɬʀɝ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ȼɂɋɇɈȼɄɂ ɐɩɲɛ ɝʀɟ ɲɛɬʀɝ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɟɩ ɨɛɬ ɟʀɤɳɦɛ ɦɣɳɠ ɨɠɢɨɛɲɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɥɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ ɛɦɠ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɭʀ ɪɩɩɟɣɨɩɥʀ ɝɣɭɝɩɫɣ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɛ ɬɝʀɟ ɲɛɭɷ ɪɫɩ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɤ ɫʀɝɠɨɷ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ Ɋʀɟ ɝɪɦɣɝɩɧ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɩɝʀ ɝɣɟɣ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɛ ɢɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ ɧɮɫɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɰɫɛɧʀɝ ɧɩɨɮɧɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɡɣɝɩɪɣɬ ³ ɯɫɠɬɥɣ ʀ ɧɩɢɛʁɥɣ ɬɭɛɨɥɩɝɣɤ ɡɣɝɩɪɣɬ ɮ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀ ʀɥɩɨ ɥɨɣɡɥɩɝɛ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ Ɋɩɳɣɫɣɦɛɬɺ ɪɣɬɠɧɨʀɬɭɷ ʀ ©ɥɨɣɡɨɛ ɨɛɮɥɛª ɇʀɬɱɠɝʀ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɣ ɢɛ ɨɠɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲ ɨɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɢɧɩɞɦɣ ɨɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɩɪɛɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɱʀ ɝɣɟɣ ɭɝɩɫɲɩɬɭʀ ɛ ɤ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɭɣ ʁɰ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɝɳɣ ɬɛɧɩɜɮɭɨɾ ɩɜɦɣɲɲɺ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɛ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɺɥɠ ɝɪɦɣɨɮɦɩ ɨɛ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɩ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀɰ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ʀ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɣɰ ɝʀɥʀɝ ɂɫɩɬɦɛ ɬɛɧɩɜɮɭɨɺ ɦʀɭɠ ɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɺɥɛ ɪɩɟɛɫɮɝɛɦɛ ɨɛɧ ɭɝɩɫɣ ɬɝʀɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ©Ɍɦɩɝɩ ɩ ɪɩɦɥɮ Ȳɞɩɫɠɝʀɧª ɭɛ ʀɨ ɉɫɣɞʀɨɛɦɷɨɣɧ ʀ ɨɠɪɠɫɠɝɠɫɳɠɨɣɧ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɩɬɺ ɹɝɠɦʀɫɨɠ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɩ Ʌɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɡɣɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɢ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɟɡɠɫɠɦ Ɏ ɨʀɤ ɭʀɬɨɩ ɪɠɫɠ ɪɦɠɦɣɬɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥʀ ɭɛ ɺɢɣɲɨɣɱɷɥʀ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀʁ

ɁȺɄɊȱɉɂɆɈ ɁɇȺɇɇə

Dzȓ țȎ Ǿȡȟȳ ȚȜȔțȎ ȏȡșȜ ȕȒȜȏȡȠȖ ȜȟȐȳȠȡ" ȍȘȳ ȕȚȳțȖ ȟȠȎșȖȟȭ Ȑ șȳȠȜȝȖȟȎțțȳ Ȑ ȟȓȞȓȒȖțȳ ȃǥǥ ȟȠ " ǾȜȕȐȖȠȘȜȐȳ ȭȘȖȣ ȐȖȒȳȐ ȘȡșȪȠȡȞȖ ȟȝȞȖȭșȜ ȣȞȖȟȠȖȭțȟȠȐȜ" ȅȜȚȡ ȚȜȕȎȴȘȎ țȎ ȝȜȥȎȠȘȡ ȃǥǥ ȟȠ ȕțȖȘȎȱ ȭȘ ȓșȓȚȓțȠ ȜȕȒȜȏșȓțțȭ ȣȞȎȚȳȐ" ȍȘȳ ȞȳȕțȜȐȖȒȖ țȎȞȜȒțȜȴ ȠȐȜȞȥȜȟȠȳ ȚȎșȖ ȝȜȦȖȞȓțțȭ țȎ Ǿȡȟȳ ȁȘȞȎȴțȳ" ǻȎȕȐȳȠȪ ȜȟțȜȐțȳ ȘțȖȔȘȜȐȳ ȝȎȚ·ȭȠȘȖ Ǿȡȟȳ ȁȘȞȎȴțȖ ȒȞȡȑȜȴ ȝȜșȜȐȖțȖ ȃǥ ² ȝȜȥȎȠȘȡ ȃǥǥǥ ȟȠ ǻȎȕȐȳȠȪ ȐȖȒȎȠțȳ ȝȎȚ·ȭȠȘȖ ȎȞȣȳȠȓȘȠȡȞȖ Ǿȡȟȳ ȁȘȞȎȴțȖ ȒȞȡȑȜȴ ȝȜșȜȐȖțȖ ȃǥ ² ȝȜȥȎȠȘȡ ȃǥǥǥ ȟȠ ȭȘȳ ȕȏȓȞȓȑșȖȟȭ ȒȜ țȎȦȜȑȜ ȥȎȟȡ ǸȖȚ ȏȡșȖ ǻȓȟȠȜȞ ǮșȳȚȝȳȗ ǮȑȎȝȳȠ" ȍȘȡ ȝȎȚ·ȭȠȘȡ ȎȞȣȳȠȓȘȠȡȞȖ ȚȜȔțȎ ȐȐȎȔȎȠȖ ȟȖȚȐȜșȜȚ ȤȪȜȑȜ ȝȓȞȳȜȒȡ Ȑ ȳȟȠȜȞȳȴ ǸȖȴȐȟȪȘȜȴ ȒȓȞȔȎȐȖ" ȍȘȖȚ ȱ ȳȟȠȜȞȖȥțȓ ȕțȎȥȓțțȭ ǸȖȴȐȟȪȘȜȴ ȒȓȞȔȎȐȖ Ȑ ȳȟȠȜȞȳȴ ȡȘȞȎȴțȟȪȘȜȑȜ țȎȞȜȒȡ ȠȎ ǣȐȞȜȝȖ"

ÇÀÏÈÒÀÍÍß ÒÀ ÇÀÂÄÀÍÍß ÄËß ÓÇÀÃÀËÜÍÅÍÍß ÇÀ ÒÅÌÎÞ «ÊȯÂÑÜÊÀ ÄÅÐÆÀÂÀ (ÐÓÑÜ-ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ) Ó ÄÐÓÃ²É ÏÎËÎÂÈͲ XI – ÏÅÐØ²É ÏÎËÎÂÈͲ XIII ÑÒ.» Ɍɥɦɛɟʀɭɷ ɰɫɩɨɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɮ ɭɛɜɦɣɱɹ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɰ ɪɩɟʀɤ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɋɮɬʀ ɟɫɮɞɩʁ ɪɩɦɩɝɣ ɨɣ ɐȲ ² ɪɠɫɳɩʁ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɣ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ Ɋɩɺɬɨʀɭɷ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɨɺɭɷ ʀ ɭɠɫɧʀɨʀɝ ©ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥʀ ɢ·ʁɢɟɣª ©ɝɩɭɲɣɨɛª ©ɝʀɲɠª ©ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɛ ɫɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨʀɬɭɷª ©ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɛ ɫɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨʀɬɭɷª ©ɮɟʀɦɷ ɨɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩª ©ɧʀɡɮɬɩɜɨʀ ɝʀɤɨɣª ©ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀɺª ©ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦɩɨɛɬɦʀɟɮɝɛɨɨɺª ©ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬª ©ɧɩɨɮɧɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɡɣɝɩɪɣɬª ɚɥɛ ɫɩɦɷ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɢ·ʁɢɟʀɝ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ" Ɍɥɦɛɟʀɭɷ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɤ ɪɩɫɭɫɠɭ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ ɒɣ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɛ ɪɩɺɝɛ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ ɟɩ ɪɫɣɪɣɨɠɨɨɺ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ʌɣʁɝ ɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ" Ɍɝɩɹ ɟɮɧɥɮ ɩɜʊɫɮɨɭɮɤɭɠ Ƚɣɥɩɨɛɤɭɠ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɢɛ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɩɹ ɥɛɫɭɩɹ Ɋɩɥɛɡʀɭɷ ʀɢ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛɧɣ ɧɠɡɮɝɛɦɛ ɋɮɬɷ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɮ ɟɫɮɞʀɤ ɪɩɦɩ ɝɣɨʀ ɐȲ ² ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ Ɋɩɥɛɡʀɭɷ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɴɩ ɪɩɬɭɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɋɮɬʀ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛ ɭɩɥ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ Ƚɣɢɨɛɲɭɠ ɞɩɦɩɝɨʀ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨʀ ɭɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨʀ ɱɠɨɭɫɣ ɋɮɬʀ ɝ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɫɩɢɟɫɩɜ ɦɠɨɩɬɭʀ ɂ·ɺɬɮɤɭɠ ɲɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɋɮɬʀ ɝ ɟɫɮɞʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ɐȲ ² ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ Ɋɩɥɛɡʀɭɷ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɴɩ ɢɛɢɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɬɪɮɬɭɩɳɦɣɝɣɰ ɨɛɪɛɟʀɝ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ Ɋɩɥɛɡʀɭɷ ɧʀɬɱɺ ɟɠ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥʀ ɢ·ʁɢɟɣ ɒɩɧɮ ɝ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɫɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨɩɬɭʀ ɝɠɦɛɬɺ ɭɛɥɛ ɞɩɬɭɫɛ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɢɛ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ" ɂɛɪɩɝɨʀɭɷ ɭɛɜɦɣɱɹ ©ɉɜ·ɾɥɭɣɝɨʀ ɭɛ ɬɮɜ·ɾɥɭɣɝɨʀ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɣ ɫɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨɩɬɭʀ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣª ɂɫɩɜʀɭɷ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨʀ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɥɣ Ɍɮɜ·ɾɥɭɣɝɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɛɧɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɭʀ ɩɜɬɭɛɝɣɨɣ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɟʀɤ ʀ ɪɫɛɞɨɠɨɷ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɉɜ·ɾɥɭɣɝɨɣɧɣ ³ ɭʀ ɴɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɝɪɦɣɝɩɧ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɰ ɲɣɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨɩ ɝʀɟ ɝɩɦʀ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɉɜ·ɾɥɭɣɝɨʀ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɣ

Ɍɮɜ·ɾɥɭɣɝɨʀ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɣ

ɚɥɛ ɫɩɦɷ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɋɮɬʀ" ɒɣ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɪɫɩ ʁɰɨɹ ɨɠɞɛ ɭɣɝɨɮ ɫɩɦɷ" ɚɥ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɩɱʀɨɣɭɣ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɣɲʀɝ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ"

Êè¿âñüêà äåðæàâà (Ðóñü-Óêðà¿íà) ó äðóã³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ² – ïåðø³é ïîëîâèí³ Õ²²² ñò.

137

Ɋɩɫʀɝɨɺɤɭɠ ɋɮɬɷ ɢɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɇɮɟɫɩɞɩ ʀ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ Ɋɣ ɭɛɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɨɺ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɭɠ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ Ɋɩɫʀɝɨɺɤɭɠ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɺɥʀ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɣɬɺ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɇɮɟɫɩɞɩ ɝ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ ʀɢ ɭɣɧɣ ɴɩ ɬɭɛɦɣɬɺ ɮ ɏɫɛɨɥɬɷɥʀɤ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠ ɦɣɥɩɞɩ Ɉɛɢɝʀɭɷ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɣ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟɮ ɱɣɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ Ƚɣɢɨɛɲɭɠ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɠ ʀ ɝʀɟɧʀɨ ɨɠ ɝ ʁɰɨɷɩɧɮ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ

ÒÅÑÒβ ÇÀÂÄÀÍÍß ÄÎ ÒÅÌÈ «ÊȯÂÑÜÊÀ ÄÅÐÆÀÂÀ Ó ÄÐÓÃ²É ÏÎËÎÂÈͲ XI – ÏÅÐØ²É ÏÎËÎÂÈͲ XIII ÑÒ.» Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟɩɝɣɲ ɝʀɟɩɧɣɤ ɪʀɟ ɪɫʀɢɝɣɬɷɥɩɧ Ȼ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ȼ ɇɮɟɫɣɤ Ƚ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ Ⱦ ɉɥɛɺɨɣɤ ɚɥʀ ɬɣɨɣ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɇɮɟɫɩɞɩ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɭɫʀɮɧɝʀɫɛɭ" Ȼ Ƚ·ɺɲɠɬɦɛɝ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɉɦɠɞ ȼ Ɍɝɺɭɩɪɩɦɥ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝ Ƚ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ Ⱦ ɋɩɧɛɨ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɩ Ɏ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɫɩɱʀ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɬɺ Ɇɹɜɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɢ·ʁɢɟ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ" Ȼ ɫ ȼ ɫ Ƚ ɫ Ⱦ ɫ ɚɥɠ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɐȲȲ ² ɪɠɫɳɩʁ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɣ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɩ ɝ ɱɠɨɭ ɫʀ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɴɩ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɦɣ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɢɝɠɫɰɨʀɬɭɷ ɮ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥʀɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ" Ȼ Ʌɣʁɝ ȼ Ⱦɛɦɣɲ Ƚ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ Ⱦ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝ ɚɥɣɤ ʀɢ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɬɭɛɝ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɢɛ ɢɛɪɫɩɳɠɨɨɺɧ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɝʀɲɠ" Ȼ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ȼ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɇɮɟɫɣɤ Ƚ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ Ⱦ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ Ɋɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɛ ɫɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨʀɬɭɷ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝ ɐȲȲ ² ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɹɝɛɦɛ Ȼ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɩɬɭʀ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɮɟʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ ȼ ɪʀɟɨɠɬɠɨɨɺ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɺɥ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɱɠɨɭɫɮ Ƚ ɪɛɟʀɨɨɺ ɫɩɦʀ ɝɩɭɲɣɨɨɩɞɩ ɢɠɧɦɠɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ Ⱦ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟ ɧʀɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ʀ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ȿʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɉɬɧɩɧɣɬɦɛ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɛ ɪʀɟɨɠɬɠɨɨɹ Ȼ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ȼ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ƚ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ⱦ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ

138

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 3

ɔɩ ʀɢ ɢɛɢɨɛɲɠɨɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɟɨʀɾɹ ɢ ɪɫɣɲɣɨ ɫɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨɩɬɭʀ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ" Ȼ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɝɪɦɣɝɮ ɨɛ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɮ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɝʀɲɠ ȼ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ʀ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɝɩɭɲɣɨɨɩɞɩ ɢɠɧɦɠɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ Ƚ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɛ ɨɛɝɛɦɛ ʀ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɢɩɦɩɭɩɩɫɟɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ⱦ ɢɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɺɥ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩʁ ɫɠɦʀɞʀʁ ɚɥɠ ɭɝɠɫɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɾ ɩɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɫʀɳɠɨɷ Ɇɹɜɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɢ·ʁɢɟɮ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɫ " Ȼ ©ɚɥɴɩ ɨɠ ɢ·ɺɝɣɭɷɬɺ ɰɭɩ ɢɛɝɭɫɛ ɨɛ ɫʀɱʀ ³ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɤ ɲɣ ɮɜɩɞɣɤ ɲɣ ɬɭɛɫɠɱɷ ɲɣ ɫɛɜ ³ ɭɩ «ɭɩɤ ɪɫɩɭɣɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɜɮɟɠª ȼ ©Ƚʀɟɭɠɪɠɫ ɢ·ɾɟɨɛɤɧɩɬɺ ɝ ɩɟɨɠ ɬɠɫɱɠ ʀ ɩɜɠɫɠɡʀɧɩ ɋɮɬɷɥɮ ɢɠɧɦɹ Ʌɩ ɡɠɨ ɰɛɤ ɟɠɫɡɣɭɷ ɩɭɲɣɨɮ ɬɝɩɹª Ƚ ©ɐɭɩ ɝɜ·ɾ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɮ ɦɹɟɣɨɮ « ɛ ɩɜɴɣɨɛ ɝɜɣɝɱɹ ɨɠ ɳɮɥɛɾ ɭɩ ɝʀɫɮ ɢɛ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɞɫɣɝɠɨɷ ɪɦɛɭɣɭɣ ɭʀɤ ɩɜɴɣɨʀª Ⱦ ©«ɰɭɩ ɰɩɲɠ ɝʀɫɣ ɤɨɺɭɣ ɝɩɦɰɝɛ ³ ɰɛɤ ɢɛ ɨɣɧ ʀɟɠ ɛ ɰɭɩ ɡ ɝʀɫɮɾ ɝ ɰɫɠɬɭɛ ³ ɨɠɰɛɤ ʀɟɠ ɟɩ ɨɷɩɞɩª Ɋɫɩɲɣɭɛɤɭɠ ɮɫɣɝɩɥ ɢ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ ɭɛ ɟɛɤɭɠ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɨɛ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɨ ɨɺ ©Ɋɫɣɤɳɦɣ ʀɨɩɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɣɥɣ ɨɛ ɋɮɬɷɥɮ ɢɠɧɦɹ Ȼ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝ ʀ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝ ʀ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟ ɝɣɤɳɦɣ ɬɮɪɫɩɭɣ ɨɣɰ ɨɛ ɫʀɲɥɮ Ȼɦɷɭɮ Ȳ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɛɬɭɛɦɛ ɨʀɲ ɫɮɳɣɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɩɟɨʀ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɩɟɨɣɰ ɂɛ ɞɫʀɰɣ ɨɛɳʀ ɨɛɪɮɬɭɣɝ ȼɩɞ ɨɛ ɨɛɬ ɪɩɞɛ ɨɣɰ ʀ ɪɩɜʀɞɦɣ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɡɠɨʀª ɂ ɥɣɧ ɢʀɤɳɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ" Ȼ ɰɩɢɛɫɛɧɣ ȼ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞɛɧɣ Ƚ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɛɧɣ Ⱦ ɪɩɦɩɝɱɺɧɣ Ɏɬɭɛɨɩɝʀɭɷ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɟʀɤ Ȼ ɪɠɫɳɛ ɢɞɛɟɥɛ ɨɛɢɝɣ ©Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛª ɝ ɪɣɬɠɧɨɣɰ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛɰ ȼ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ƚ Ɇɹɜɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɢ·ʁɢɟ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ⱦ ɫɩɢɞɫɛɜɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ Ȼɨɟɫʀɾɧ ȼɩɞɩɦɹɜɬɷɥɣɧ Ɏɬɭɛɨɩɝʀɭɷ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɧʀɡ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɣɧɣ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛɧɣ ɭɛ ʁɰɨʀ ɧɣ ɨɛɢɝɛɧɣ Ȼ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ȼ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɠ Ƚ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɠ Ⱦ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɬɷɥɠ ʉ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɠ

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 4 Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêà äåðæàâà Ó öüîìó ðîçä³ë³ Âè ä³çíàºòåñÿ ïðî: Óòâîðåííÿ, ðîçâèòîê, çíèêíåííÿ òà ³ñòîðè÷íå çíà÷åííÿ Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêî¿ äåðæàâè Ìîíãîëüñüêó íàâàëó Ïðàâë³ííÿ Äàíèëà Ãàëèöüêîãî òà ³íøèõ êíÿç³â: ¿õ âíóòð³øíþ ³ çîâí³øíþ ïîë³òèêó Êóëüòóðó Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêî¿ äåðæàâè

§ 16. ÓÒÂÎÐÅÍÍß ÃÀËÈÖÜÊÎ-ÂÎËÈÍÑÜÊί ÄÅÐÆÀÂÈ ɉɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ

ǸțȭȕȪ ǾȜȚȎț ǺȟȠȖȟșȎȐȖȥ ȝȞȖȗȚȎȱ ȝȜȟșȳȐ

DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜ ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȎ ȒȓȞȔȎȐȎ

Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ ɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɧɮ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝʀ ɲɠɫɞɩɝɣɤ ɫɛɢ ɫɩɢɞɩɫʀɦɛɬɺ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɧʀɡ ɜɩɺɫɛɧɣ ʀ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ȼɩɺɫɬɭɝɮ ɴɩ ɢɜɛɞɛɭɣɦɩɬɺ ʀ ɢɧʀɱɨʀɦɩ ɝ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɫɩɥɣ ɢɟɛɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɩɜɭɺɡɦɣɝɩɹ ɬɣɦɷɨɛ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɭɩɧɮ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ʁʁ ɪɩɬɦɛɜɣɭɣ ȼɩɺɫɣ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɣ ɲɮɡɣɨɱʀɝ ɑɺ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɛ ɟɩ ɪɩɬɦɛɜɦɠɨɨɺ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩʁ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ɋɩɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲʀɝ Ɍɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɬɧɠɫɭɹ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɷɩɞɩ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɨɠ ɧɛɝ ɨɛɴɛɟɥʀɝ ɮ ɫ ɟɩ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɛ ɨɠɞɛɤɨɩ ɝɬɭɮɪɣɦɩ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɋɩɧɛɨɛ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲɛ ² ɺɥɣɤ ɜɮɝ ɩɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɟɠɨɭʀɝ ɨɛ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɂɛɰɩɪɣɝɳɣ Ⱦɛɦɣɲ ɋɩɧɛɨ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɝ ɨɩɝʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɬɝɩʁɰ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɍɛɥɣɧ ɲɣɨɩɧ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɩɬɺ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ʀ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ ɮ ɾɟɣɨɮ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ɑɠ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɟʀɾɹ ɝɠɦɣɥɩʁ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɩʁ ɝɛɞɣ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɪɩɬɭɛɦɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɺɥɠ ɪɩɲɛɦɩ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɱɠɨɭɫ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɋɮɬʀ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ïåðåäóìîâè

Âèã³äíå ãåîãðàô³÷íå ïîëîæåííÿ (â³ääàëåí³ñòü â³ä Êèºâà, âàæêîäîñòóïí³ñòü, ðîçòàøóâàííÿ íà ïåðåõðåñò³ òîðãîâåëüíèõ øëÿõ³â)

Íåîáõ³äí³ñòü ñï³ëüíî¿ áîðîòüáè äâîõ êíÿç³âñòâ ïðîòè Óãîðùèíè òà Ïîëüù³

Åíåðã³éíà îá’ºäíàâ÷à ïîë³òèêà âîëèíñüêîãî êíÿçÿ Ðîìàíà Ìñòèñëàâè÷à

Åêîíîì³÷íå çðîñòàííÿ êíÿç³âñòâà çàâäÿêè ³ñíóâàííþ âåëè÷åçíèõ ðîäîâèù ñîë³

141

Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêà äåðæàâà

Ʌɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɠɫɠɰɫɠɬɭʀ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɰ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɣɰ ɳɦɺɰʀɝ ʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɛɡɥɩɟɩɬɭɮɪɨɣɧ ɟɦɺ ɨɛɜʀɞʀɝ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɥʀɝ Ƚʀɟɟɛɦɠɨʀɬɭɷ ɝʀɟ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɪɩɬɦɛ ɜɦɹɝɛɦɛ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ȿɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɬɭɛɝɳɣ ɾɟɣɨɣɧ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɬɭɝɩɧ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨɛ ʀ Ƚɩɦɣɨɷ ɢɧɩɞɦɣ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɭɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɬɣɦɣ ɟɦɺ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɢ ɛɞɫɠɬʀɾɹ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀɰ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɭɛ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɣ ɛ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɩʁ ɨɛɝɛɦɣ ʀ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɮ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ Ɉɛ ɪʀɟɨɠɬɠɨɨɺ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɝɪɦɣɝɛɦɛ ɠɨɠɫɞʀɤɨɛ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɛ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɋɩɧɛɨɛ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲɛ ʀ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ ɋɩɧɛɨɩɝɣɲɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɛ ʀɬ ɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɰ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɴ ɬɩɦʀ ɫɩɟɹɲɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɠɨɩɞɩ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɛ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɩɝʀ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɭɛ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɨɨɹ ɱɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ÊÍßÇÜ

Ãàëèöüê³ áîÿðè

Ïîõîäèëè â³ä ì³ñöåâî¿ àðèñòîêðàò³¿

Çàõîïèëè îáùèíí³ çåìë³

Âîëèíñüê³ áîÿðè

Âîþâàëè ó ñêëàä³ äðóæèíè êíÿçÿ-ïðàâèòåëÿ

Çåìëÿ ³ êíÿç³âñüêå æàëóâàííÿ

I Ʉɨɥɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɨɫɹ Ƚɚɥɢɰɶɤɨ ȼɨɥɢɧɫɶɤɟ ɤɧɹɡɿɜɫɬɜɨ" Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɢɛ ɋɩɧɛɨɛ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲɛ Ɉɩɝɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɋɩɧɛɨɛ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲɛ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭɮ ɺɥ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɋɩɧɛɨ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲ ɜɮɝ ɬɧʀɦɣɝɩɹ ɭɝɠɫɟɩɹ ɭɛ ɫʀɳɮɲɩɹ ɦɹɟɣɨɩɹ Ƚʀɨ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɟɩɬɺɞɛɝ ɪɩɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɩʁ ɧɠɭɣ ȿɦɺ ɮɭɝɠɫɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɝʀɨ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɣɝɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɩɜʀɱɺɨɥɣ ɟɛɨɩʁ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɧ ɜɩɺɫɛɧ ɛ ɢ ɭɣɧɣ ɰɭɩ ɜɮɝ ɨɠɝɟɩɝɩɦɠɨɣɧ ɤɩɞɩ ɟʀɺɧɣ ɡɩɫɬɭɩɥɩ ɫɩɢɪɫɛɝɦɺɝɬɺ Ƚɣ ɪɫɛɝɟɩɝɮɹɲɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɟʀʁ ɋɩɧɛɨ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɝ ©Ɉɠ ɪɩɲɛɝɣɝ ɳɣ ɜɟɡʀɦ ɧɠɟɮ ɨɠ ɨɛʁɬɣɳɬɺª Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɭɛɥɩʁ ɥɫɣɝɛɝɩʁ ɫɩɢɪɫɛɝɣ ɫɠɳɭɛ ɜɩɺɫɬɭɝɛ ɨɠ ɨɛɝɛɡɣɦɣɬɺ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɣ ɭɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɨɷɩɞɩ Ɍɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɾ ɋɩɧɛɨɛ ©ɬɛɧɩɟɠɫɡ ɱɠɧ ɝɬɠɺ ɋɮɬʀª ɋɩɧɛɨɩɝʀ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲɮ ɪɫɣɪɣɬɮɹɭɷ ɫɩɢɫɩɜɥɮ ɪɫɩɠɥɭɮ ©ɟɩɜɫɩɞɩ ɪɩɫɺɟɥɮª ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ Ƚʀɨ ɪɫɩɪɩɨɮɝɛɝ ɪɩɥɦɛɬɭɣ ɥɫɛɤ ɧʀɡɮɬɩɜɣɱɺɧ ɺɥʀ ɩɬɦɛɜɦɹɹɭɷ ɟɠɫ ɡɛɝɮ ʀ ɫɩɜɦɺɭɷ ʁʁ ɦɠɞɥɩɹ ɢɟɩɜɣɲɲɹ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨɩɹ ɮɧɩɝɩɹ ©ɟɩɜɫɩɞɩ ɪɩɫɺɟɥɮª ɜɮɦɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɝ ɫɛɢʀ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɥɛ ɧɛɦɣ ɩɜɣɫɛɭɣ ɳʀɬɭɷ ɨɛɤɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɳɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɤ ǸțȭȕȪ ǾȜȚȎț ǺȟȠȖȟșȎȐȖȥ

142

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 4

ɬɮɢɟɛɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɲɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɧɩɦɠɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɩɦɩɱɷɥɣɤ ʀ ɫɺɢɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ Ʌɨɺɢʀ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɧɛɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɜɫɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɬɠɜɠ ɢɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɲɣɨɣɭɣ ɨɛɪɛɟɣ ɩɟɣɨ ɨɛ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɛ ɝ ɫɛɢʀ ɪɩɫɮɳɠɨɨɺ ɱʀɾʁ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɝɬʀ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɬɭɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɜʀɥ ɬɥɫɣɝɟɡɠɨɩɞɩ ɔɩɜ ɢɛɪɩɜʀɞɭɣ ɟɫɩɜ ɦɠɨɨɹ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ ɨɛ ɮɟʀɦɣ ɋɩɧɛɨ ɪɫɩɪɩɨɮɝɛɝ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɬɭɛɫɳɩɧɮ ɬɣɨɩɝʀ ɛ ɨɠ ɟʀɦɣɭɣ ɧʀɡ ɮɬʀɧɛ ȿɦɺ ɩɜɞɩɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɱɣɰ ɪɫɩɪɩɢɣɱʀɤ ɪɫɩɪɩɨɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɬɥɦɣɥɛɭɣ ɢ·ʁɢɟ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɝɬʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɪʀɟ ɫʀɢɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɣɝɩɟɛɧɣ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɛ ɝɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɩ ɬɮɢɟɛɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟ ɢɛɺɝɣɝ ɴɩ ɨɠ ɜɛɡɛɾ ɪɩɫɮɳɮɝɛɭɣ ɟɛɝɨʀ ɢɝɣɲɛʁ ȿɦɺ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɋɩɧɛɨ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲ ɫɩɢɳɣɫɹɝɛɝ ʁʁ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɣ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɩɝɮɹɲɣ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɨɛ ɦɣɭɩɝɱʀɝ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ɪɩɦɺɥʀɝ ɚɥ ɢɛɢɨɛɲɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬʀ ɋɩɧɛɨ ©ɩɟɩɦʀɝ ɮɬʀ ɪɩɞɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɨɛɫɩɟɣ ɧɮɟɫʀɬɭɹ ɫɩɢɮɧɮ ɟɩɟɠɫɡɮɹɲɣ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɟɠɤ ȼɩɡɣɰ Ȼɟɡɠ ɝʀɨ ɥɣɟɛɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɩɞɛɨɣɰ ɺɥ ɭɩɤ ɦɠɝ ɬɠɫɟɣɭɣɤ ɡɠ ɜɮɝ ɺɥ ɭɛ ɫɣɬɷ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɣɝ ɢɠɧɦɹ ʁɰ ɺɥ ɭɩɤ ɩɫɠɦ ɛ ɰɩɫɩɜɫɣɤ ɜɮɝ ɺɥ ɭɮɫ ɜɩ ɝʀɨ ɫɠɝɨɩ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɮɝɛɝ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɪɫɠɟɥɛ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ ª Ɋɩɰɩɟɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɦɣɭɩɝɱʀɝ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮ ɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɣɧɮɬɩɝɣɧ ɢɛɦɮɲɠɨɨɺɧ ʁɰ ɟɩ ɢɠɧɦɠɫɩɜɬɭɝɛ Ʉɩɞɩ ɪɩɬɦʀɝ ʀ ɥɮɪɱʀɝ ɪɫɣɤɧɛɦɣ ɮ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ Ɍɝɺɴɠɨɨʀɤ ɋɣɧɬɷɥʀɤ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ɋɩɦɷ ɴʀ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨʀ Ɏ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺɰ ɳɮɥɛɝ ɪɫɣɭɮɦɥɮ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɉɦɠɥ ɬʀɤ ȲȲȲ Ȼɨɞɠɦ ɴɩ ɝ ɫ ɜɮɝ ɝɣɞɨɛɨɣɤ ʀɢ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱɺɧɣ Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɣɧ ɮ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɱʀ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɣɦɮɲɠɨɨɺ ɨɣɧ ɟɩ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɮ ɫ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɨɩ ɝ ² ɫɫ Ʌɣɾɝɛ Ʌɣɺɨɣ ɩɰɩɲɠ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɦɣ ɪʀɟ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɝʀɟɲɣ ɨɣɝɳɣ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɜɫɛɧɮ ɧʀɬɭɛ

ǵȎȑȖȏȓșȪ Șțȭȕȭ ǾȜȚȎțȎ ǺȟȠȖȟșȎȐȖȥȎ ȡ ȏȖȠȐȳ ȝȳȒ ǵȎȐȖȣȐȜȟȠȜȚ

Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêà äåðæàâà

143

Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɋɩɧɛɨɛ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲɛ ɩɪɣɨɣɦɣɬɺ Ⱦɛ ɦɣɱɷɥɠ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɠ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ʀ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɝɬʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɴɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɬɮɲɛɬɨʀ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥʀ ɢɛ ɝɣɨɺɭɥɩɧ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɂɛ ɩɜɳɣɫɩɧ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɤ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɪɠɫɠɝɣɴɮɝɛɦɣ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɣ Ɍɝɺɴɠɨɨɩʁ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɂɟɩɜɮɝɳɣ Ʌɣʁɝ ɋɩɧɛɨ ɟɩ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɭɣɭɮɦɮ ɟɩɟɛɝ ɴɠ ɤ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ȼɥɭɣɝɨɛ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨɺ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɛ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɢɮɧɩɝɣɦɛ ɟɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɭɫɮɲɛɨɨɺ ɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɧʀɡ ɪɫɣɰɣɦɷɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɛɪ ʊɝɠɦɷɯʀɝ ɭɛ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫʀɝ ʊʀɜɠɦʀɨʀɝ ɮ ɺɥʀɤ ɝʀɨ ɢɛɤɨɺɝ ɜʀɥ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɰ ɋɮɰɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɟɩ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨɣ ɝʀɨ ɨɠɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɨɩ ɢʀɭɥɨɮɝɬɺ ʀɢ ɢɛɞɩ ɨɩɧ ɥɫɛɥʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ȼʀɤ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɬɺ ɝ ɦɣɪɨʀ ɫ ɪʀɟ ɂɛɝɣɰɝɩɬɭɩɧ Ɋɫɩ ɱɹ ɪɩɟʀɹ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɛ ɰɫɩɨʀɥɛ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɺɾ ©Ʌɩɫɩɦɷ ɋɮɬʀ ɨɛ ʀɧ·ɺ ɋɩɧɛɨ ɝɣɤɳɩɝɳɣ ɢɛ ɧɠɡʀ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɥɩɫɟɩɨʀɝ ʀ ɜɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɪɫɩɤɭɣ Ɋɩɦɷɴɠɹ ɟɩ Ɍɛɥɬɩɨʀʁ ɢɛ ɝɩɦɠɹ ȼɩ ɡɠɹ ɝɜɣɭɣɤ ɟɝɩɧɛ ɜɫɛɭɛɧɣ ɥɨɺɢɺɧɣ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɧɣ Ɇɠɳɥɩɧ ʀ Ʌɩɨɫɛɟɩɧ ɨɛ ɫʀɲɱʀ Ƚʀɬɦɛª ɋɛɪɭɩɝɛ ɬɧɠɫɭɷ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɪɠɫɠɳɥɩɟɣɦɛ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɠɨɨɹ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɦɛɨʀɝ ȼɠɢ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɷɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɺ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨʀ ɨɣɧ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɨɠ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɾɟɣ ɨɠ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɢʀ ɬɭʀɤɥɣɧɣ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɤ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɛɧɣ ʀ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɋɩɧɛɨɛ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲɛ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɠ ɨɣɧ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɫɩɢɪɛɦɩɬɺ ȿɠɺɥʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟ ɨɣɥɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɳɩɹ ɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɹ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɹ

I əɤɿ ɡɟɦɥɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɞɧɚɜ Ɋɨɦɚɧ Ɇɫɬɢɫɥɚɜɢɱ" Ɂɚɜɞɹɤɢ ɱɨɦɭ ɜɿɧ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɞɨɦɿɝɫɹ" ȼɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɬɣɨʀɝ ɋɩɧɛɨɛ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲɛ ɢɛ ɝʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɋɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɋɩɧɛɨɛ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲɛ ɺɥ ɪɣɳɠ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ ©ɝɠɦɣɥɛ ɬɧɮɭɛ ɲɝɛɫɣ

ɪɩɬɭɛɦɛ ɝ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɫɮɬɷɥʀɤª ɂɛ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɮ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɝɬɭɮɪɣɦɣ ɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɫɮɬɷ ɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɢ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɛ ɭɛ Ɋɩɦɷɴɛ Ȼɦɠ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɩɹ ɫɮɤɨʀɝɨɩɹ ɬɣɦɩɹ ɾɟɣɨɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɠ ɜɩɺɫɬɭɝɩ ɺɥɠ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɦɩ ɨɠ ɟɩɪɮɬɭɣɭɣ ɪɩɬɣɦɠɨ ɨɺ ɥɨɺɡɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɡɩɫɬɭɩɥɩʁ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɬɣɨɣ ɋɩɧɛɨɛ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ʀ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɩ ɢɧɩɞɦɣ ɝʀɟɫɩɟɣɭɣ ɾɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɜɛɭɷɥɛ Ʌɩɦɣ ɢɛɞɣɨɮɝ ɋɩɧɛɨ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɫɳɩɧɮ ɬɣɨɩɝʀ ȿɛɨɣɦɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɫɩɥɣ ɛ ɧɩɦɩɟɳɩɧɮ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɩɝʀ ³ ɟɝɛ Ɍɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɧɛɦɩɦʀɭɬɭɝɩɧ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɞɛ ɦɣɱɷɥʀ ɜɩɺɫɣ ɢɧɮɬɣɦɣ ʁɰ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɧɛɭʀɫ·ɹ Ȼɨɨɩɹ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɭɣ Ⱦɛɦɣɲ ɛ ɨɛ ɥɨɺɡɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɢɛɪɫɩɬɣɦɣ ɬʀɝɠɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɩɨɮɥʀɝ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɉɬɧɩɧɣɬɦɛ ɬɣɨʀɝ Ȳɞɩɫɺ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɣɲɛ ³ ɋɩɧɛɨɛ Ɍɝɺɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ ʀ ɋɩɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɠ ɜɩɺɫɬɭɝɩ ɥɠɫɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɾɟɣɨɩɹ ɧɠɭɩɹ ɪɩɢɜɮɭɣɬɺ ɨɛɴɛɟɥʀɝ ɋɩɧɛɨɛ ɭɛ ɪɩɬɦɛɜɣɭɣ ɥɨɺɡɮ ɝɦɛɟɮ Ȼ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɩ ɭɛ ʁɰɨɺ ɧɛɭɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɧɮɳɠɨʀ ɳɮɥɛɭɣ ɪɫɣɭɮɦɥɮ ɝ ɮɞɩɫɬɷɥɩ ɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ȼɨɟɫʀɺ ȲȲ ɭɛ ɥɫɛɥʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ɇɠɳɥɛ ɺɥʀ ɝɣɢɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɧɛɦɩ ɦʀɭɨʀɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɨɛ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ Ƚɩɦɩɟɛɫʀ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɣ ɭɛ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɦɣ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɭɣ ɪɫɣɬɮɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɧɛɦɩɦʀɭɨʀɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɺɥ ɪɫɣɝʀɟ ɟɦɺ ɝɭɫɮɲɛɨɨɺ ɮ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɏɟɛɝɛɨɩ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɹɲɣ ɢɛ ɥɩɨɨɣɰ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɾɧɱʀɝ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɦɣ ɢɛɞɛɫɜɛɭɣ ʁɰɨʀ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɝʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ

144

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 4

ǺȟȠȖȟșȎȐ ȁȒȎȠțȖȗ ȳ ȗȜȑȜ ȒȞȡȔȖțțȖȘȖ ȣȡȒ țȓȐȳȒȜȚȖȗ

ǰȕȭȠȠȭ ȐȳȗȟȪȘȎȚȖ DzȎțȖșȎ ǾȜȚȎțȜȐȖȥȎ DZȎșȖȥȎ ȣȡȒ țȓȐȳȒȜȚȖȗ

ǾȜȕȝȞȎȐȎ ȕ ȏȜȭȞȎȚȖ ȣȡȒ țȓȐȳȒȜȚȖȗ

Ɋɫɩɭɠ Ȳɞɩɫɩɝɣɲʀ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɛɪɫɩɳɠɨʀ ɟɩ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɜɩɺɫɛɧɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɝɣɧɛɞɛɭɣ ɫɠɛɦɷ ɨɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ Ɏ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɨɛ ɱɠ ɜɩɺɫɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɲɣɨɣɭɣ ɜɠɢɢɛɥɩɨɨɺ ɤ ɢɛɥɩɦɩɭɣ Ɏ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɮɞɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɧ ɝɣɫɮ ɳɣɝ ɨɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɲ ʀ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɣ ɜɩɺɫɬɭɝɛ ɢɛ ɰɩɪɣɝ ɤɩɞɩ Ȳɞɩɫɩɝɣɲʀɝ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɢɺɭɩ ɝ ɪɩɦɩɨ ɛ ɮɞɩɫɬɷɥʀ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɝɟɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɨɛɬɣɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɨɛɟ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺɧ Ȳɨɩɢɠɧɨɠ ɬɝɛɝʀɦɦɺ ɝɣɥɦɣ ɥɛɦɩ ɩɜɮɫɠɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɪʀɟɨɺɦɣ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɝ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɲɩɞɩ ɨɛ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɪɩ ɝɠɫɨɮɦɣɬɺ Ȳɞɩɫɩɝɣɲʀ ɺɥɣɧ ɮɟɛɦɩɬɺ ɝɭɠɥɭɣ ɢ ɪɩɦɩɨɮ Ɋɫɣɤɳɩɝɳɣ ɟɩ ɝɦɛɟɣ Ȳɞɩɫɩɝɣɲʀ ɡɩɫɬɭɩɥɩ ɫɩɢɪɫɛɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɢ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɧɣ ɜɩ ɺɫɛɧɣ ɚɥ ɩɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬ ©Ȳɞɩɫɩɝɣɲʀ ɢʀ ɜɫɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɫɛɟɮ ɝ ɬɪɫɛɝʀ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɰ ɜɩɺɫ ʀ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɜɣɭɣ ʁɰ ³ ʀ ɪɫɣ ɨɛɞɩɟʀ ɭɛɥɣ ɪɠɫɠɜɣɦɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɜɣɭɩ ʁɰ ɲɣɬɦɩɧ ɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɫɩɢɜʀɞɦɣɬɺ ɰɭɩ ɥɮɟɣª ɍɮɭ ɪɫɛɝɟɛ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ ɟɠɴɩ ɪɠɫɠɜʀɦɷɳɣɝ ɲɣɬ ɦɩ ɬɭɫɛɲɠɨɣɰ Ȼɦɠ ɱɠ ɨɠ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɦɩ Ȳɞɩɫɠɝɣ ɲɛɧ ɢɛɥɫʀɪɣɭɣɬɺ ɪɫɣ ɝɦɛɟʀ Ɏɱʀɦʀɦʀ ɜɩɺɫɣ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ɨɛɤɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɳɣɤ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɬɦɛɝ Ʌɩɫ ɧɣɦɷɲɣɲ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɮɞɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɢ ɪɫɩɰɛɨɨɺɧ ɝʀɟɪɮɬɭɣɭɣ ɢ ɨɣɧɣ ɢɛɥɩɨɨɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ ʀ ɨɛɟɛɭɣ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ Ȳɞɩ ɫɩɝɣɲʀɝ ɂɛɫɮɲɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɩɹ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɫɮɳɣɦɩ ɨɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɲ ɺɥɣɤ ɜɠɢ ɜɩɹ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɝ ɨɛɴɛɟɥɛ ɋɩɧɛɨɛ ɍɩɡ ɮ ɝɠ ɫɠɬɨʀ ɫ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɜɛɭɷ ɥʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɛ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɧɛ ɫɩɥɛɧɣ ɫɛ ɨʀɳɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɫɛɭɩɝʀ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɮ ɭɛ ɧɛɭɠɫʀ Ȼɨɨʀ ɪɩɴɛɬɭɣɦɩ ɢɛɥɫʀɪɣɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ ɮ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ȼɠɫɠɬɭɺ ʀ ȼɠɦɢ

ɉɟɨɛɲɠ ɨɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥʀɤ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɧɣɫ ɨɠ ɨɛɬɭɛɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥʀ ɜɩɺɫɣ ɨɠ ɜɛɡɛɦɣ ɥɩɫɣ ɭɣɬɺ ɧɩɦɩɟɩɧɮ ɠɨɠɫɞʀɤɨɩɧɮ ɥɨɺɢɹ ʀ ɴɩɜ ɟɩɝɠɬɭɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɢɛ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɞɫɩɳʀ ɝɣɥɮɪɣɦɣ ɢ ɮɞɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɩɨɮ Ȳɞɩɫɩɝɣ ɲʀɝ ʀ ɪɫɣɦɹɟɨɩ ʁɰ ɬɭɫɛɭɣɦɣ ɑɠ ɜɮɝ ɾɟɣ

Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêà äåðæàâà

145

ɨɣɤ ɯɛɥɭ ɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀɤ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɥɩɦɣ ɝɛɬɛɦɣ ɪɫɣɝɬɠɦɹɟɨɩ ɬɭɫɛɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɬɹɢɠɫɠɨʀɝ Ȼɦɠ ɱɠ ɨɠ ɢɧɮɬɣɦɩ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ ɭɛ ɧɛɭʀɫ ɥɩɫɣɭɣɬɺ ɜɩɺɫ ɬɷɥʀɤ ɬɝɛɝɩɦʀ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɥɩɨɯɦʀɥɭ ɢ ɺɥɣɧɣ ʁɧ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɢɛ ɦɣɳɛɦɩɬɺ ɺɥ ɫɺɭɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɝɭɠɲɠɹ Ɋɫɩɝʀɟɨɣɥ ɜɩɺɫɬɭɝɛ Ƚɩ ɦɩɟɣɬɦɛɝ Ʌɩɫɧɣɦɷɲɣɲ ɮ ɫ ɨɛɝɛɡɣɝɬɺ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɭɣ ɬɠɜɠ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɑɠ ɜɮɝ ɾɟɣɨɣɤ ɝɣɪɛɟɩɥ ɭɣɭɮɦɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɨɠ ɢ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ɋɹɫɣɥɩɝɣɲʀɝ Ʌɨɺɢɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɜɩɺɫɣɨɛ ɝɣɥɦɣɥɛɦɩ ɩɜɮɫɠɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟ ǯȜȭȞȖț ǰȜșȜȒȖȟșȎȐ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ȿɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɱɣɧ ɯɛɥɭɩɧ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɦɣ ɬɥɩɫɣ ǸȜȞȚȖșȪȥȖȥ ɬɭɛɭɣɬɺ ɮɞɩɫɱʀ ɭɛ ɪɩɦɺɥɣ ȳɰɨʀ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫʀ ɟɩɧɩɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɟʀɦ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɏ ɧʀɬɭʀ Ɍɪʀɳ ɝɩɨɣ ɮɥɦɛɦɣ ɮɞɩɟɮ ɢɛ ɺɥɩɹ ɪɠɫɠɟɜɛɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɩɟɫɮɡɣɭɣ ɪ·ɺɭɣɫʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɣɨɛ ɮɞɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ʌɩɦɩɧɛɨɛ ɢ ɭɫɣ ɫʀɲɨɩɹ ɟɩɨɷɥɩɹ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ɍɩɦɩɧʀɾɹ ɭɛ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɭɣ Ʌɩɦɩɧɛɨɛ ©ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩª ɍɛɥɩɡ ɪɠɫɠɟɜɛɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɮɥɦɛɬɭɣ ɮɨʀɹ ɬɩɹɢ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩʁ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɩʁ ɧɣɭɫɩɪɩɦʀʁ ɢ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɩɹ ɱɠɫɥɝɩɹ ɂɟʀɤɬɨɹɹɲɣ ɮɞɩɟɮ ɮɞɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ʀ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫʀ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɢɛɞɛɫɜɮɝɛɭɣ ɞɛ ɦɣɱɷɥʀ ɤ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ȼɦɠ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɹɲɣ ɨɠɢɛɥɩɨɨʀɬɭɷ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɟʀɤ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɦɣ ɝʀɟɥɮɪɣɭɣɬɺ ɝʀɟ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ ɝʀɟɟɛɝɳɣ ɤɩɧɮ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ Ɏɞɩɟɛ ɝ Ɍɪʀɳʀ ɝɣɺɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɠɭɫɣɝɛɦɩɹ ɂɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥɣ ɪɩɬɝɛɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɧʀɡ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɲɣɧ ɬɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɝɬɺ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɺɥɣɤ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɢʀ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɭɠɬɭɠɧ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɩɧ Ɏɟɛɭɨɣɧ ɴɩ ɜɮɝ ɢɛɪɫɩɳɠɨɣɤ ɨɛ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɣɦɣ Ⱦɛɦɣɲ ʀ ɝɬʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɠɨʀ ɪɩɦɺ ɥɛɧɣ ɍɛɥ ɮ ɫ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝ Ɏɟɛɭɨɣɤ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɩɰɩɟɣɝ ɢ ɮɟʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺ ɢʀɝ ɛ ɟɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɹɝɛɝ ɮ Ɉɩɝɞɩɫɩɟʀ ɮɭɝɠɫɟɣɝɬɺ ɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɲʀ ɛ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ³ ɨɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ

ǯȖȠȐȎ ȝȳȒ DzȜȞȜȑȖȥȖțȜȚ ³ ȜȒțȎ ȕ ȝȓȞȦȖȣ ȏȖȠȐ ȭȘȎ ȕȡȝȖțȖșȎ țȎȟȠȡȝ țȳȚȓȤȪȘȖȣ ȣȞȓȟȠȜțȜȟȤȳȐ țȎ ǿȣȳȒ

146

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 4

ɉɟɨɛɲɠ ɢɞɩɟɛ ɧʀɡ ɥɨɺɢɺɧɣ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɛ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɩɹ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝ ɜɮɟɮɲɣ ɨɠɟɛɦɠɥɩɞɦɺɟɨɣɧ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɩɧ ɪɩɬɦɮɰɛɝɬɺ ɨɛɞɩɝɩɫʀɝ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɰ ɜɩɺɫ ʀ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɝ ɮ ɫ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɠ ɥɨɺ ɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɬɣɨɩɝʀ ɮɞɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ʌɩɦɩɧɛɨɮ ɴɩ ɜɮɝ ɩɟɫɮɡɠɨɣɤ ɢ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɫɮɞɩɹ ɟɩɲ ɥɩɹ Ȳɢ ɱɣɧ ɨɠ ɧʀɞ ɢɧɣɫɣɭɣɬɺ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɺɥɣɤ ɮ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɟɠɬɺɭɣɫʀɲɨɩʁ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɢ ɮɞɩɫɱɺɧɣ ɢɧʀɞ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɭɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨʀ Ƚɩɦɣɨɷ ɝʀɨ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɝ ɧɩɦɩɟɳɩɧɮ ɜɫɛɭɩɝʀ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɮ ɺɥɣɤ ɮ ɝɬʀɰ ɬɪɫɛɝɛɰ ɟʀɺɝ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɩ ɢ ȿɛɨɣɦɩɧ ɫ ɝʀɟɢɨɛɲɣɝɬɺ ɟɦɺ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ ɋɩɧɛɨɩɝɣɲɛ ɴɠ ɩɟɨʀɾɹ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɩɹ ɪɩɟʀɾɹ Ƚʀɨ ɨɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɫɩɢɞɫɩɧɣɝ ɪʀɟ ȿɩɫɩɞɣɲɣɨɩɧ ɭɠɝɭɩɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ ɴɩ ɝɭɩɫɞɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɛ ɴɠ ɤ ɮɢɺɝ ɮ ɪɩɦɩɨ ʁɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɧɛɞʀɬɭɫɛ ȼɫɮɨɩ ɂɛ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɩɧ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɨɛɪɠɫɠɟɩɟɨʀ ɜɣɭɝɣ ɝɣɞɩɦɩ ɬɣɝ ©Ɉɠ ɦɣɲɣɭɷ ɟɠɫɡɛɭɣ ɨɛɳɮ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝɴɣɨɮ ɥɫɣɡɠɝɨɣɥɛɧ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱɺɧ ª Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɫ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝ Ʌɣʁɝ ɲɣɧ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɣɝ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɜɛɭɷɥɛ Ƚʀɟɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɹ ɾɟɨɩɬɭʀ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɣ ɨɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɛ ɧɮɟɫʀɬɭɷ ɭɛ ɝɩɾɨɨɣɤ ɭɛɦɛɨɭ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɫɛɭɛ ɛ ɤ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɨɷ ʀɢ ɜɩɥɮ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɜɩɺɫ ɭɛ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɧʀɬɭ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨɣ ʀ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ ©Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬª ɪɫɩ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ȿɛɨɣ ɦɩɧ ɋɩɧɛɨɩɝɣɲɠɧ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɐɩɦɧ © ɇʀɬɭɩ ɡɠ ɐɩɦɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɡɠɨɩ ɢɛ ȼɩɡɣɧ ɝɠɦʀɨɨɺɧ Ʌɩɦɣ ɩɭɩ ȿɛ ɨɣɦɩ ɥɨɺɡɣɝ ɮ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫʀ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɣɝ ɝʀɨ ɧʀɬɭɩ Ɏɞɫɩɝɬɷɥ ʀ ɪɩɬɭɛɝɣɝ ɮ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɛ >Ȳɩɛɬɛɯɛ@ Ȼɦɠ >ɺɥɩɬɷ@ ɥɩɦɣ ɝʀɨ >ȿɛɨɣɦɩ@ ʁɢɟɣɝ ɪɩ ɪɩɦɹ ʀ ɟʀɺɝ ɦɩɝɣ ɭɩ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɝ ɝʀɨ ɨɛ ɞɩɫʀ ɞɛɫɨɠ ʀ ɦʀɬɣɬɭɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɩɭɩɲɠɨɠ ɨɛɝɥɫɮ ɞɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɠɧ ʀ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɝ ɭɛɧɭɠɳɨʀɰ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ ´ɚɥ ʀɧɠɨɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɱɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ"µ Ȳ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɥɛɢɛɦɣ ´ɐɩɦɧ ɤɩɞɩ ʀɧ·ɺ ɾµ Ȳ ɮɪɩɟɩɜɛɝɳɣ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɱɠ ɨɛɟɮɧɛɝ ɝʀɨ ɴɩ ɪɩɬɭɛɝɣɭɷ ɨɛ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɞɩɫɩɟ Ƚʀɨ ɟɛɝ ɩɜʀɭɨɣɱɹ ȼɩɞɩɝʀ ɭɛ ɬɝɺ ɭɩɧɮ Ȳɩɛɨɨɮ ɂɦɛɭɩɮɬɭɮ ɴɩ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɣɭɷ ɨɛ ɲɠɬɭɷ ɤɩɞɩ ɱɠɫɥɝɮ Ȳ ɪɩɬɭɛɝɣɝ ɝʀɨ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɞɩɫɩɟɩɥ ɭɛ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɝɳɣ ɴɩ ȼɩɞ ɪɩɧʀɲɨɣɥɩɧ ɤɩɧɮ ɾ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɣɝ ɝʀɨ ʀɨɳɠ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɴɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɭɛɭɛɫɣ ɨɠ ɢɧɩɞɦɣ ɝɢɺɭɣ ɥɩɦɣ ȼɛɭɣɤ ɝɬɹ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɋɮɬɷɥɮ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝ ɍɩɟʀ ɤ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ Ɍɝɺɭɩʁ ɍɫʀɤɱʀ ɢɛɪɛɦɠɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ʀ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɜɮɦɛ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɡɠɨɛ Ʌɩɦɣ ɡ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɝ ɱɠ ɥɨɺɢɷ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɴɩ ȼɩɞ ɬɪɫɣɺɾ ɧʀɬɱɹ ɭɩɧɮ ɪɩɲɛɝ ɝʀɨ ɢɛɥɦɣɥɛɭɣ ɪɫɣɰɩɟɨʀɝ ³ ɨʀɧɱʀɝ ʀ ɫɮɬʀɝ ʀɨɩɪɦɠɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ ʀ ɦɺɰʀɝ Ȳɳɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɟɠɨɷ ɮ ɟɠɨɷ Ȳ ɹɨɛɥɣ ʀ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɣ ɝɬɺɥʀ ɮɭʀɥɛɦɣ ɬɹɟɣ ɩɟ ɭɛɭɛɫ ³ ɬʀ ɟɠɦɷɨɣɥɣ ʀ ɦɮɲɨɣɥɣ ʀ ɬɛɞɛɤɟɛɲɨɣɥɣ ʀ ɥɩɝɛɦʀ ɢɛɦʀɢɛ ʀ ɧʀɟʀ ʀ ɬɫʀɜɦɛ Ȳ ɨɛ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɪɩɡɝɛɝɦɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɪɩɪɩɝɨɣɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɟɝɩɫɛɧɣ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɪɩɦɺ ʀ ɬɠɦɛ ɂɝʀɝ ɭɛɥɩɡ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɱɠɫɥɝɮ ɬɝɺɭɩɞɩ Ȳɩɛɨɨɛ ɂɦɩɭɩɮɬɭɩɞɩ ɥɫɛɬɨɮ ʀ ɞɩɡɮ Ȳ ɝɠɡɛ ɬɭɩɺɦɛ ɪɩɬɠɫɠɟ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɝɣɬɩɥɛ ɴɩɜ ɜɣɭɣ ɢ ɨɠʁ ɟɩɝɥɩɦɛ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɂɨɣɢɮ ɢɝɠɟɠɨɛ ɢ ɥɛɧɠɨɹ ɪ·ɺɭɨɛɟɱɺɭɷ ɦʀɥɭʀɝ ɮ ɝɣɬɩɭɮ ɛ ɬɛɧɛ ɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɛ ɢ ɭɠɬɛɨɩɞɩ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ʀ ɝɣɜʀɦɠɨɛ ɺɥ ɬɣɫ ɬɺɺɦɛ ɝɩɨɛ ɨɛ ɝɬʀ ɬɭɩɫɩɨɣ ª

I əɤ ɛɭɥɨ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɦɿɫɬɨ ɏɨɥɦ" ɓɨ ɫɩɪɢɹɥɨ ɩɿɞɧɟɫɟɧɧɸ ɣ ɪɨɡɤɜɿɬɭ ɦɿ ɫɬɚ" ɉɪɨ ɹɤɿ ɫɩɨɪɭɞɢ ɦɿɫɬɚ ɣɞɟɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿ"

Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêà äåðæàâà

Ɍɭɩɦɣɱɠɹ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɦɠɨɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ȿɛ ɨɣɦɩ ɮ ɫ ɩɜɫɛɝ ɨɩɝɩɢɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɠ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɐɩɦɧ ɴɩɜ ɨɠ ɜɮɭɣ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɣɧ ɝʀɟ ɞɛɦɣɱɷ ɥɩɞɩ ɜɩɺɫɬɭɝɛ ȿɦɺ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɦɩ ɟʀɨɷ ɝʀɨ ɫɩɢɞɩɫɨɮɝ ɳɣɫɩɥɮ ɧʀɬɭɩɜɮɟʀɝɨɮ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɢɧʀɱɨɹɝɛɝ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɣ ɯɩɫɭɠɱɺ ɧɣ Ɍɛɧɠ ɝ ɱɠɤ ɲɛɬ ɢʀ Ɍɰɩɟɮ ɨɛɬɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɥɛ ³ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ

I Ʉɨɥɢ ɬɚ ɹɤ Ⱦɚɧɢɥɭ ɿ ȼɚɫɢɥɶɤɭ Ɋɨɦɚɧɨ ɜɢɱɚɦ ɩɨɬɚɥɚɧɢɥɨ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɢɬɢ ɛɚɬɶɤɿɜ ɫɶɤɭ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɭ"

147

ǮȞȣȓȜșȜȑȳȥțȳ ȒȜȟșȳȒȔȓțțȭ țȎ ȚȳȟȤȳ ȚȳȟȠȎ ȃȜșȚ

ȼɂɋɇɈȼɄɂ Ɏ ɫ ɬɭɛɦɛɬɺ ɪɩɟʀɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɩʁ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɩʁ ɝɛɞɣ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɦɣɬɺ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɠ ʀ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɋɩɬɭɛɦɩ ɨɩɝɠ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɬɮɟɣɦɩɬɺ ɬɭɛɭɣ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɝɛɲɠɧ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɤ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ƚɩɨɩ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɢɫɩɜɣɦɩɬɺ ɱɠɨɭɫɩɧ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɋɮɬʀ ɍɝɩɫɱɠɧ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɜɮɝ ɋɩɧɛɨ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲ ³ ɩɟɣɨ ʀɢ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɋɮɬʀ ɺɥɣɤ ɨɛɧʀɫɣɝɬɺ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɹ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɬɧɠɫɭɷ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɦɛ ɨɛɧ ɨɠ ɬɮɟɣɦɩɬɺ ɝɭʀɦɣɭɣɬɺ ɝ ɡɣɭɭɺ Ɍɣɨɛɧ ɋɩɧɛɨɛ ɟɩɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɭɣ ɝɬɠ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ʀ ɝ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɨɛɪɫɮɡɠɨɩʁ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɣ ɧɠɭɣ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɦɠɨɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɋɩɧɛɨɛ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɩɪɣɨɣɦɛɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɨɩɝɣɧ ɝɣɪɫɩɜɮɝɛɨ ɨɺɧ ³ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɹ ɨɛɝɛɦɩɹ ɁȺɄɊȱɉɂɆɈ ɁɇȺɇɇə ȍȘȳ ȜȟțȜȐțȳ ȝȞȖȥȖțȖ Ȝȏ·ȱȒțȎțțȭ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜȑȜ ȳ ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȜȑȜ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐ" ȅȜȚȡ ȟȎȚȓ ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȓ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȜ ȟȠȎșȜ ȳțȳȤȳȎȠȜȞȜȚ Ȝȏ·ȱȒțȎțțȭ" ȅȖ ȚȜȔțȎ ȐȐȎȔȎȠȖ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜ ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȓ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȜ ȝȓȞȦȜȬ ȟȝȞȎȐȒȳ ȡȘȞȎȴțȟȪȘȜȬ ȒȓȞȔȎȐȜȬ" ȍȘȡ ȝȜșȳȠȖȘȡ ȝȞȜȐȜȒȖȐ ǾȜȚȎț ǺȟȠȖȟșȎȐȖȥ ȝȳȟșȭ ȡȠȐȜȞȓțțȭ ȱȒȖțȜȑȜ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜ ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȜȑȜ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȎ" ȅȜȚȡ ȟȖțȖ ǾȜȚȎțȎ ǺȟȠȖȟșȎȐȖȥȎ ȏȡșȖ ȕȚȡȦȓțȳ ȟȖșȜȬ ȒȜȐȜȒȖȠȖ ȟȐȜȱ ȝȞȎȐȜ țȎ ȏȎȠȪȘȳȐȟȪȘȡ ȟȝȎȒȧȖțȡ" ǰȖȕțȎȥȠȓ ȥȖțțȖȘȖ ȭȘȳ ȟȝȞȖȭșȖ ȝȓȞȓȠȐȜȞȓțțȬ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜ ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȜȑȜ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȎ țȎ ȚȜȑȡȠțȬ ȒȓȞȔȎȐȡ ȳ ȠȎȘȳ ȧȜ ȝȜȟșȎȏșȬȐȎșȖ ȴȴ ǰȳȒȝȜȐȳȒȪ ȝȜȒȎȗȠȓ ȡ ȐȖȑșȭȒȳ ȠȎȏșȖȤȳ ȅȜȚȡ ȟȎȚȓ Ȑ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜȚȡ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȳ ȟȠȎșȜ ȚȜȔșȖȐȖȚ ȱȒȖțȓ țȎ Ǿȡȟȳ ȐȜȘțȭȔȳțțȭ ȏȜȭȞȖțȎ" ȅȖ Țȳȑ ȝȞȖȝȖțȖȠȖ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȪȘȳ ȥȐȎȞȖ ȕȎȝȞȜȝȜțȜȐȎțȖȗ ǾȜȚȎțȜȚ ǺȟȠȖȟșȎȐȖȥȓȚ ©ȒȜȏȞȖȗ ȝȜȞȭȒȜȘª" ȍȘȎ ȱȐȞȜȝȓȗȟȪȘȎ ȒȓȞȔȎȐȎ ȚȎșȎ ȝȜȒȳȏțȖȗ ȡȟȠȞȳȗ"

§ 17–18. ÌÎÍÃÎËÜÑÜÊÀ ÍÀÂÀËÀ. ÓÒÂÎÐÅÍÍß ÇÎËÎÒί ÎÐÄÈ. ²ÄÍÎÂËÅÍÍß ÃÀËÈÖÜÊÎ-ÂÎËÈÍÑÜÊÎÃÎ ÊÍßDzÂÑÒÂÀ ÇÀ ÄÀÍÈËÀ ÃÀËÈÖÜÊÎÃÎ Ɋɠɫɳɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɧɩɨɞɩɦʀɝ ɨɛ ɋɮɬɷ Ɉɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɝ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɭɠɪɛɰ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɒɣɨʊʀɬɰɛɨɛ ɪɩɬɭɛɦɛ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɺ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɺɥɛ ɺɥ ɝɛɧ ɮɡɠ ɝʀɟɩɧɩ ɢ ɥɮɫɬɮ ɝɬɠɬɝʀɭɨɷɩʁ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ² ɫɫ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɦɛ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɣɤ Ɍɣɜʀɫ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɤ Ʌɣɭɛɤ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɹ Ȼɢʀɹ Ɋɠɫɬʀɹ ɭɛ ɂɛɥɛɝɥɛɢɢɺ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɟɫɮɞɩɞɩ ɟɠɬɺɭɣɦʀɭɭɺ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥʀ ɰɛɨɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɞɩɭɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɝɭɩɫɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɮ ɪɫɣɥɛɬɪʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɭɛ ɪɫɣɲɩɫɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥʀ ɬɭɠɪɣ ɝ ɺɥɣɰ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɩɬ ɨɩɝɨʀ ɝɩɫɩɞɣ ɧɩɨɞɩɦʀɝ ³ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀ ȿɦɺ ɫɩɢɝʀɟɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɳɦɺɰɮ ɟɩ ɝɭɩɫɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɲɠɫɠɢ Ʌɛɝɥɛɢ ɜɮɦɩ ɨɛɪɫɛɝɦɠɨɩ ɭɣɬɺɲɨɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɪʀɟ ɥɠɫʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩɧ ɨɛɤɟɩɬɝʀɟɲɠɨʀɳɣɰ ɪɩɦɥɩɝɩɟɱʀɝ ɒɣɨʊʀɬɰɛɨɛ Ɍɮɜɠɟɠɺ ʀ ȿɡɠɜɠ Ɏ ɫ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɨɠɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɨɩ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɦɩ Ʌɛɝɥɛɢɷɥʀ ɞɩɫɣ ɭɛ ɩɪɣ ɨɣɦɩɬɺ ɝ ɨɣɰ ɮ ɢɛɪʀɦɦʀ Ɋɩɦɩɝɠɱɷɥʀ ɰɛɨɣ ɢʀɜɫɛɝ ɳɣ ɬɣɦɣ ɟɛɦɣ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɛɧ ɜʀɤ ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠɢʀ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ɍʀ ɝɠɫɬɷɥɣɤ ȿɩɨɠɱɷ ɛɦɠ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɣ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ Ɋɩɭʀɧ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɫɮɳɣɦɣ ɟɩ Ʌɫɣɧɮ ɟɠ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɣ ɝɠɨɠɱʀ ɛɨɬɷɥɮ ɯɩɫɭɠɱɹ Ɍɮɟɛɥ ɍɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɭɠɬɭɷ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɛ Ɏɟɛɭɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɩɝɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɰɛɨ Ʌɩɭɺɨ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɝɬɺ ɪɩ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɮ ɟɩ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ©ɚɥɴɩ ɨɠ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɡɠ ɭɠ ɨɛɧ ɜɮɟɠɧɩ ɧɣ ɬɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɪɩɫɮɜɛɨʀ ɛ ɝɛɬ ɢɛɝ ɭɫɛ ɪɩɫɮɜɛɹɭɷª ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝ ɟɩɥɦɛɝ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɢɮɬɣɦɷ ɴɩɜ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɭɣ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɟɦɺ ɪɫɩɭɣɟʀʁ ɧɩɨɞɩ ɦɛɧ Ɉɛ ɢ·ʁɢɟʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɮ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɫʀɳɠɨɩ ɟɛɭɣ ǿȡȏȓȒȓȗ ȘȖȠȎȗȟȪȘȖȗ ȚȎșȬțȜȘ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɛɧ ɜʀɤ ɮ ɪɩɦɩɝɠɱɷɥɣɰ ɬɭɠɪɛɰ Ɏ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɥʀɝ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɣɦɣ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɤ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɲɠɫ ɨʀɞʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɧɩɦɠɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɮɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɭɫɮɜ ɲɠɝɬɷɥɣɤ ʀ ɪɮɭɣɝɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢʀ Ɇɣɳɠ ɝɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɩ ɬɮɢɟɛɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɝʀɟɧɩ ɝɣɝɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɮɲɛɬɭʀ ɝ ɨɷɩɧɮ Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɥɝʀɭ ɨɺ ɫ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺ ɢʀɝ ʀ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ɴɩ ɨɛɦʀɲɮɝɛɦɩ ² ɭɣɬ ɝɩʁɨʀɝ ɢʀɜɫɛɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ ɐɩɫɭɣɱɺ ɴɩ ǮȠȎȘȎ ȚȜțȑȜșȪȟȪȘȜȴ ȘȳțțȜȠȖ ɨɛ ȿɨʀɪɫʀ ɇɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɟʀɢɨɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɪɫɩ ɱɠ ȟȡȥȎȟțȎ ȞȓȘȜțȟȠȞȡȘȤȳȭ

Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêà äåðæàâà

149

ɨɛɪɫɛɝɣɦɣ ɟɩ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɪɩɬɦʀɝ ʀɢ ɪɫɩɪɩɢɣɱʀɾɹ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɣɭɣɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ʁɧ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨʀ ɦɣɳɠ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀ Ȼɦɠ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɝʀɟɰɣɦɣɦɣ ɱɠ ɟɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɮɜɣɝ ɳɣ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɬɦʀɝ ɭɫɛɝɨɺ ɢɛ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭɺɧɣ ³ ɲɠɫɝɨɺ ɫ ɞɩɦɩɝɨʀ ɬɣɦɣ ɫɮɬɷ ɥɩ ɪɩɦɩɝɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ʀ ɧɩɨɞɩɦʀɝ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɫʀɲɱʀ Ʌɛɦɥɛ ɢɛɫɛɢ Ʌɛɦɷɲɣɥ ɪɫɣɭɩɥɛ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ʌɛɦɷɧʀɮɬ ɴɩ ɝɪɛɟɛɾ ɝ Ȼɢɩɝɬɷɥɠ ɧɩɫɠ

Ɍɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɫɮɬɷɥɩ ɪɩɦɩɝɠɱɷɥɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɪɫɣɧɮɬɣɦɩ ɧɩɨɞɩɦʀɝ ɝʀɟʀɤɭɣ ɨɛ ɦʀɝɣɤ ɜɠ ɫɠɞ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ɏ ɝɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɧɩɧɠɨɭ ɜɣɭɝɣ ÷åðí³ã³âö³ òàòàðè ɧʀɡ ɥɨɺɢɺɧɣ ɬɪɛɦɛɰɨɮɦɛ ɨɠɢɞɩɟɛ ɇɬɭɣ

oÓÔÊÓÍÂÄ zÇÒÏMÅÐÄÓÞÌÊË ɬɦɛɝ Ɏɟɛɭɨɣɤ ɨɠ ɢɛɰɩɭʀɝ ɨʀ ɢ ɥɣɧ ɟʀɦɣɭɣ ïîëîâö³ ɬɺ ɬɦɛɝɩɹ ʀ ɝɬɭɮɪɣɝ ɮ ɜʀɤ ɜɠɢ ɪɩɞɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɢ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɥɨɺɢɺɧɣ ɍɛɥ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɥɣ ɪʀɟ âîëèíÿíè

gÂÏÊÍÐ eÐÍÊÏÓÞÌÊË ɪɫɩɝɩɟɩɧ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ ɋɩɧɛɨɩɝɣɲɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ êèÿíè ãàëè÷àíè

oÓÔÊÓÍÂÄ mÊ ÄÓÞÌÊË

oÓÔÊÓÍÂÄ vÆÂÔÏÊË ɞɩ ʀ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀ ɪɠɫɠɪɫɛɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɲɠɫɠɢ Ʌɛɦɥɮ ɤ ɛɭɛɥɮɝɛɦɣ ɧɩɨɞɩɦʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɪʀɟ ɮɟɛɫɩɧ ɝɛɡɥɩ ɩɢɜɫɩɾɨɣɰ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɬɭɮɪɛɭɣ Ȼɦɠ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀ ɨɠ ɝɣɭɫɣɧɛɦɣ ɧɩɨ ɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɨɭɫɮɟɛɫɮ ɤ ɥɣɨɮɦɣɬɺ ɝɫɩɢɭʀɲ ɝɨɩɬɺɲɣ ɬɮɧ·ɺɭɭɺ ɮ ɦɛɝɣ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɟɫɮɡɣɨ Ɋʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɜɣɭɝɣ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɜɮɝ ɪɩɫɛɨɠɨɣɤ ɮ ɞɫɮɟɣ ɛɦɠ ɝɬɠ ɭɛɥɣ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɝɛɝ ɥɠɫɮ ɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɪɩɦɥɛɧɣ Ʌɨɺɢɷ ɢɧʀɞ ɩɫɞɛɨʀ ɢɩɝɛɨɩ ɝɣɝɠɬɭɣ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɢ ɜɩɹ ɮɨɣɥɨɮɝɳɣ ɧɩɨɞɩɦʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɪɠɫɠɬɦʀɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɭɫɣ ɟɨʀ ʀ ɢ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɧɣ ɝɭɫɛɭɛɧɣ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɭɣɬɺ ɟɩɟɩɧɮ Ʌɩɦɣ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɦɩ ɴɩ ɪɩɦɥɣ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɛ Ɏɟɛɭɨɩɞɩ ɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɣ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ʀɨɳʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɨɠ ɫɮɳɣɦɣ ɝ ɜʀɤ ɴɩɜ ɪɠɫɠɦɩɧɣɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛ ɬɝɩɹ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɷ ɑɠ ɟɛɦɩ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɛɧ ɢɧɩɞɮ ɫɩɢɜɣɭɣ ɫɮɬɷ ɥʀ ɪɩɦɥɣ ɪɩɩɟɣɨɱʀ Ɉɛɤɢɛɝɢɺɭʀɳɠ ɲɣɨɣɝ ɩɪʀɫ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝ ɺɥɣɤ ɮɬɭɣɞ ɢɜɮɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɮɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɣɤ ɭɛɜʀɫ ɇɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɭɫɣ ɟɨʀ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɛɰɩɪɣ ɭɣ ɛɦɠ ʁɰɨʀ ɬɪɫɩɜɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɠɝɟɛɦɣɧɣ ɍɩɟʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɪʀɟɬɭɮɪɩɧ ɢɦɛɧɛɦɣ ɩɪʀɫ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝ ɪʀɟɟɛɝɬɺ ɩɜʀɱɺɨɱʀ ɴɩ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɝʀɟɪɮɬɭɺɭɷ I Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɢ əɤɿ ɩɨɞɿʀ ɛɢɬɜɢ ɧɚ Ʉɚɥɰɿ ɜɨɧɢ ɿɥɸɫɬɪɭɸɬɶ" ɩɜɦɩɡɠɨɣɰ ʀ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɦɦɹɭɷ ʁɰɨɷɩʁ ɥɫɩɝʀ ɝ ɩɜɧʀɨ ɢɛ ɝɣɥɮɪ Ȼɦɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɩ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ

150

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 4

ɬɥɦɛɦɣ ɢɜɫɩɹ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ©ɦɹɟɠɤ ɪɩɬʀɥɦɣ ɛ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɪɩɟɛɝɣɦɣ ɪɩɥɦɛɝɳɣ ɪʀɟ ɟɩɳ ɥɣ Ȼ ɬɛɧʀ ɨɛ ɝɠɫɰ ɬʀɦɣ ɪɣɫɮɝɛɭɣª Ɋʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɜɣɭɝɣ ɨɛ Ʌɛɦɱʀ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɣ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɣ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɮɭɫɛɭ ɢɛɞɣɨɮɦɣ ɳʀɬɭɷ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɦɣɳɠ ɥɩɡɠɨ ɟɠɬɺɭɣɤ ɝɩʁɨ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɝɬɺ ɨɠɮɳɥɩɟɡɠɨɣɧ ɚɥ ɪɣɳɠ ɦʀ ɭɩɪɣɬ ©ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɣ ɭɛɥɩʁ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ɺɥɩʁ ɴɠ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɨʀɥɩɦɣª Ʌɫʀɧ ɮɭɫɛɭ ɥɨɺɡɣɰ ɟɫɮɡɣɨ ɪɠɫɳɛ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲ ʀɢ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɛɧɣ ɨʀɺɥ ɨɠ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɷɩɧɮ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɋɮɬʀ ɇɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɢɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɝɳɣ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɨɠ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɪɩɟɨʀɪɫɩɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɦɩɬɷ ɮ ɬɝɩʁ ɬɭɠɪɣ ɋɮɬɷ ɨɛɟɛɦʀ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮ ɝɛɦɛ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɭɣɬɺ ɫɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨɩɹ ɛ ɥɨɺɢʀ ³ ɝɠɬɭɣ ɧʀɡɮɬɩɜɨɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ

I Ʉɨɥɢ ɜɩɟɪɲɟ ɦɨɧɝɨɥɢ ɡ¶ɹɜɢɥɢɫɹ ɧɚ Ɋɭɫɿ" əɤɢɦɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɛɢɬɜɢ ɧɚ ɪɿɱɰɿ Ʉɚɥɤɚ"

ɇɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɛ ɨɛɝɛɦɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ ɬɰʀɟɨʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɟɠɬɺɭɣɫʀɲɨɩʁ ɪɠɫɠɫɝɣ ɝ ɫ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɪɩ ɲɛɦɣ ɞɩɭɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɨɛ ɂɛɰʀɟ ɚɥ ɬɝʀɟɲɛɭɷ ʀɫɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ ɨɛɴɛɟɥɣ ɒɣɨʊʀɬɰɛɨɛ ©ɟɩɬɺɞɳɣ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɢɞɩɟɣ ɪʀɳɦɣ ɝʀɤɨɩɹ ɨɛ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰª ɉɲɩɦɣɝ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɰɛɨ ȼɛɭɣɤ ȼɛɭɮ

ɇɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɛ ɛɫɧʀɺ ɜɮɦɛ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɨɛɝɲɠɨɩɹ ɤ ɟɣɬɱɣɪɦʀ ɨɩɝɛɨɩɹ ȳʁ ɩɬɨɩɝɮ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɛ ɝɛɡɥɛ ɥʀɨɨɩɭɛ ȿɩ ɛɫɧʀʁ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɮɝʀɤɳɦɣ ɢɛɞɩɨɣ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɠɨɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɩɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɨɣɰ ɜɮɦɣ ɭɛɭɛɫɣ ³ ɬɛɧɠ ɭɩɧɮ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɱʀ ɨɛɢɝɛ ɦɣ ɱɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɩ ɭɛɭɛɫɬɷɥɣɧ ɇɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɝʀɤ ɬɷɥɩ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɧɛɦɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɧɠɭɛɦɷɨɣɰ ʀ ɬɭʀɨɩɜɣɭɨɣɰ ɧɛɳɣɨ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɩɪʀɥɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɥɣɭɛɤɬɷɥʀ ʀɨɡɠɨɠɫɣ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɫɩɢɞɫɩɧɮ Ƚɩɦɢɷɥɩʁ ȼɮɦɞɛɫʀʁ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ɮɟɛɫ ɧɩɨɞɩɦʀɝ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɢɣɧɣ ɫ ɪɫɣɪɛɝ ɨɛ ɋɺɢɛɨ ɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ȼɛɭɣɤ ɪɩɬɦɛɝɳɣ ɟɩ ɫɺɢɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺ ǯȎȠȖȗ ȘȖȠȎȗȟȪȘȖȗ ɢʀɝ əɫʀɺ ɭɛ ɉɦɠɞɛ ɪɩɬɦʀɝ ɝɣɧɛɞɛɝ ɴɩɜ ɤɩɧɮ ɟɛɦɣ ©ɟɠ ȚȎșȬțȜȘ

ɬɺɭɣɨɮª ³ ɟɠɬɺɭɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɧɛɤɨɛ ʀ ɢɜɫɩʁ Ʌɨɺɢʀ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɭɣ ʁɰɨʀ ɮɧɩɝɣ Ɉɠ ɧɛɹɲɣ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɣ ɫɺɢɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɟʀɺɭɣ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ Ʌɨɺɡɛ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɛ ɮ ɝʀɟɲɛɤɟɮɳɨɩɧɮ ɜɩɹ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɦɛ ɝɩɫɩɞɛ ɨɛ ɥɩɫɟɩɨʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɛɦɠ ɜɮɦɛ ɢɟɩ ɦɛɨɛ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɝɢɺɦɣ ɝ ɩɜɦɩɞɮ ɋɺɢɛɨɷ ɺɥɛ ɲɣɨɣɦɛ ɩɪʀɫ ɳʀɬɭɷ ɟɨʀɝ ɇɩɨ ɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɮɝʀɫɝɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɟɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɮɲɣɨɣɦɩ ɡɩɫɬɭɩɥɮ ɫʀɢɛɨɣɨɮ ɨɣɴɛɲɣ ɝɬɠ ǺȜțȑȜș ȡ ȝȜȣȜȒȳ ȘȖȠȎȗȟȪȘȖȗ ȚȎșȬțȜȘ

151

Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêà äåðæàâà

ɨɛ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɳɦɺɰɮ Ɏɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɭɛ ʁɰɨʀ ɫɩɟɣɨɣ ɢɛɞɣɨɮɦɣ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɨɣɴɠɨɩ ɝɴɠɨɭ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɫɺɢɛɨɱʀ ɨɠ ɪɫɣɪɣɨɣɦɣ ɩɪɩ ɫɮ ɂɛɞʀɨ ɝɩɾɝɩɟɣ Ȱɝɪɛɭʀɺ Ʌɩɦɩɝɫɛɭɛ ɴɠ ɟɩɝɞɩ ɢɛɝɟɛɝɛɝ ɝʀɟɲɮɭɨɣɰ ɮɟɛɫʀɝ ɧɩɨ ɞɩɦɛɧ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɹɲɣ ɬɭɫʀɧɥʀ ɨɛɜʀɞɣ ȿɛɦʀ ɨɛɬɭɛɦɛ ɲɠɫɞɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɩ Ɍɮ ɢɟɛɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɧɛɦɩ ɨɛɤɬɣɦɷɨʀɳɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ Ȼɦɠ ɤ ɝɩɨɩ ɨɠ ɢɧɩɞɦɩ ɝɣɬɭɩɺɭɣ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɹ ɨɛɝɛɦɩɹ Ɋ·ɺɭɨɛɟ ɱɺɭɷ ɧʀɬɭ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɠɨɩ ʀ ɬɪɛɦɠɨɩ ɛ ɢɨɛɲɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɢɨɣɴɠɨɩ ɛɜɩ ɝɢɺɭɩ ɝ ɪɩɦɩɨ Ʌɨɺɢɷ əɫʀɤ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟɩɝɣɲ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɨɠ ɢɧʀɞ ɬɭɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɢɛɝɛ ɟʀ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɫɩɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ƚʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɴɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɢʀɜɫɛɝ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɨɠɨɛɱɷɥɛ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɠɨɩ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɛɧɣ ɝ ɭɛɜɩɫʀ ɨɛ ɫʀɲɱʀ Ɍɣɭʀ ʀ ɢɨɣɴɠɨɩ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɦɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɮ ɬɭɠɪɣ Ɋɩ ɟɩɫɩɢʀ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɜɠɫɠɢɨɺ ɫ ɞɩɦɩɝɨʀ ɬɣɦɣ ɧɩɨɞɩɦʀɝ ɪʀɟʀɤɳɦɣ ɟɩ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɲɥɩɞɩ ɲɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ʌɩɢɠɦɷɬɷɥ Ɋɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɬɠɧɣ ɭɣɡɨʀɝ ȼɛɭɣɤ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɝɬɺ ɢɦɛɧɛɭɣ ɩɪʀɫ ɤɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɠ ɦʀɝ Ɇɣɳɠ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɺɥ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɪʀɟɝɠɢɦɣ ɩɜɦɩɞɩɝʀ ɧɛɳɣɨɣ ʁɧ ɮɟɛɦɩɬɺ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɭɣ ɟɩ Ʌɩɢɠɦɷɬɷɥɛ ɉɬɭɛɨɨʀ ɢɛɰɣɬɨɣɥɣ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɦɣ ɝʀɟɲɛɤɟɮɳɨɩ ɬɧʀɦɣɝɣɤ ɥɫɩɥ Ɏɨɩɲʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɣɤɳɦɣ ɢ ɪɛɦɛɹɲɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ʀ ɝɣɨɣɴɣɝɳɣ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɭɣɬɺɲʀ ɧɩɨɞɩɦʀɝ ɭɛ ɩɜɦɩɞɩɝʀ ɧɛɳɣɨɣ ɮɬʀ ɪɩɦɺɞɦɣ ɂɛ ɝʀɟɲɛɤ ɟɮɳɨɣɤ ɩɪʀɫ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɨɛɢɝɛɦɣ Ʌɩɢɠɦɷɬɷɥ ©ɂɦɣɧ ɧʀɬɭɩɧª ɛ ɝɬʀɰ ɰɭɩ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɝɬɺ ɝɣ ɨɣɴɣɦɣ Ɏ ɫ ȼɛɭɣɤ ɢɛɝɟɛɝ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ɤ ɪɩ ɦɩɝɠɱɷɥɩɧɮ ɰɛɨɩɝʀ Ʌɩɭɺɨɮ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɲɩɞɩ ɭɩɤ ɢʀ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɩɫɟɩɹ ɪɩɟɛɝɬɺ ɟɩ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɣ

I

əɤɿ ɤɧɹɡɿɜɫɬɜɚ ɩɟɪɲɢɦɢ ɡɚɡɧɚɥɢ Ȼɚɬɢ ɽɜɨʀ ɧɚɜɚɥɢ"

ȆȠȡȞȚ ȚȜțȑȜșȎȚȖ ǾȭȕȎțȳ

ǮȠȎȘȎ ȚȜțȑȜșȳȐ ȕȎȑȜțȜȚ ǣȐȝȎȠȳȭ ǸȜșȜȐȞȎȠȎ ȣȡȒ ǿ ǯȎȏȬȘ

ǼȏȜȞȜțȎ ǸȜȕȓșȪȟȪȘȎ ȒȳȜȞȎȚȎ

ȆȠȡȞȚ ȚȜțȑȜșȎȚȖ ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞȎ ȒȳȜȞȎȚȎ

152

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 4

Ɋɛɟʀɨɨɺ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɭɛ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ Ɏɢɣɧɥɮ ɫ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɣɦɣ ɬɝʀɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛɧɣ Ɉɛ ɱɠɤ ɫɛɢ ɝʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɬɪɫɺɧɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɪɫɩɭɣ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ ɂɟɩɦɛɝɳɣ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɨɮ ɦʀɨʀɹ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɥʀɝ ɨɛ ɥɩɫɟɩɨʀ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɬɭɝɛ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɪʀɟʀɤɳɦɣ ɟɩ ɬɭɩɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝ ɧɛɝ ɬɣɦɷɨʀ ɮɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɨɺ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɮ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɢɧʀɱɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɝɩ ɟɺɨʀ ɪɠɫɠɳɥɩɟɣ ɴɩ ɩɭɩɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɧʀɬɭɩ ³ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɍɫɮɜʀɡ ʀ Ȼɦɷɭɛ ɭɛ ɫʀɝ ɧʀɡ ɨɣɧɣ ɉɲɩɦɣɝ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɮ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪ Ɍɣɧɠɩɨ Ɋɩɪɫɣ ɝʀɟɲɛɤɟɮɳɨɣɤ ɩɪʀɫ ɜɠɫɠɢɨɺ ɫ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɝɪɛɦɩ ɚɥ ɬɝʀɟɲɣɭɷ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬ ɝɩɫɩɞ ɮɢɺɝ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝ ©ɬɪɣɬɩɧ ɝɣɜɣɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɮɝɠɬɷ ʀ ɱɠɫɥɝɮ ɛɫɰɛɨɞɠɦɛ ɇɣɰɛʁɦɛ ɬɩɥɫɮ ɳɣɝ Ȳ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɛ ɪɫɠɪɩɟɩɜɨɩɞɩ Ɍɣɧɠɩɨɛ ɝɩɨɣ ɮɜɣɦɣª Ƚɩɬɠɨɣ ɫ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɪʀɟɬɭɮɪɣɦɣ ɟɩ ɒɠɫɨʀɞɩɝɛ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝ Ⱦɦʀɜɩɝɣɲ ɟɛɝ ɜʀɤ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɛɧ ɪʀɟ ɬɭʀɨɛɧɣ ɧʀ ǺȜțȑȜșȖ Ȑ ȕȎȣȜȝșȓțȜȚȡ ǽȓȞȓȭȟșȎȐȳ ɬɭɛ Ɏ ɢɛɪɠɥɦʀɤ ɜɣɭɝʀ ©ɪɠɫɠɧɩɡɠɨɣɤ ɜɮɝ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝ ʀ ɜɠɢɦʀɲ ʀɢ ɝɩʁɨʀɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɜɣ ɭɩ ɜɮɦɩª Ʌɨɺɢɷ ʀɢ ɫɠɳɭɩɹ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɣ ɜɮɝ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɫɺɭɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɝɭɠɲɠɹ ɡɩɝɭɨɺ ɝɩɫɩɞɣ ɝɝʀɫɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɪɩɞɫɛɜɮɝɛɦɣ ʀ ɬɪɛɦɣɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ȿɛɦʀ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɢɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɦɣ Ⱦɦɮɰʀɝ Ɋɮɭɣɝɦɷ Ƚɣɫ ɋɣɦɷɬɷɥ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɫɩɥɮ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɪʀɟʀɤɳɦɩ ɤ ɟɩ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɛɦɠ ɨɠ ɨɛɝɛɡɣɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɳɭɮɫɧ ʀ ɝʀɟʀɤɳɦɩ ɝ ɬɭɠɪ ɍɩɞɩ ɡ ɫɩɥɮ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɦɣ ɝɟɛ ɦɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɮ Ʌɫɣɧ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɝɳɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɰʀɟ ɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɩɜɥɦɛɦɣ ɟɛɨɣɨɩɹ ɝɠɦɣɥɠ ɧʀ ǺȜțȑȜșȖ ȝȳȒ ȟȠȳțȎȚȖ ȅȓȞțȳȑȜȐȎ ɬɭɩ Ɍɮɟɛɥ

I Ʉɨɥɢ ɦɨɧɝɨɥɢ ɡɚɯɨɩɢɥɢ ɉɟɪɟɹɫɥɚɜ ɿ ɑɟɪɧɿɝɿɜ" ɉɜɩɫɩɨɛ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɇɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɛ ɨɛɝɛɦɛ ɨɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ Ɏ ɫ ȼɛɭɣɾɝɛ ɨɛɝɛɦɛ ɟɩɥɩɭɣɦɛɬɺ ɟɩ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɺɥɠ ɴɩɤɨɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɩ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ ɋɩɧɛɨɩɝɣɲɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ Ɍɛɧɠ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɧ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɩɧ ɟɩ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɨɩ Ʌɣʁɝ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɺɥɣɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɟɩɫɮɲɠɨɩ ɭɣɬɺɱɷɥɩɧɮ ȿɧɣɭɫɮ ɭɛɦɛɨɩɝɣɭɩɧɮ ʀ ɰɩɫɩɜɫɩɧɮ ɝɩɾɨɛɲɛɦɷɨɣɥɮ

Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêà äåðæàâà

153

ǺȜțȑȜșȪȟȪȘȎ țȎȐȎșȎ țȎ ǽȳȐȒȓțțȜ ǵȎȣȳȒțȡ ǾȡȟȪ

Ʌɣɺɨɣ ɝʀɟɲɮɝɛɹɲɣ ɴɩ ʁɧ ɟɩɝɠɟɠɭɷɬɺ ɲɣɨɣɭɣ ɩɪʀɫ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɛɧ ɺɥʀ ɝɡɠ ɰɛɢɺɤɨɮ ɝɛɦɣ ɝ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛɰ ɞɩɭɮɝɛɦɣ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɟɩ ɩɜɦɩɞɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɧɮɫɣ ɤ ɝɛɦɣ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɧɣ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɧʀɬɭ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ɉɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɦʀɭɛ ɨɛ ɦʀɝɩɧɮ ɜɠɫɠɢʀ ȿɨʀɪɫɛ ɢ·ɺɝɣɝɬɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɫɩɢɝʀɟɮɝɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɢɛ ɞʀɨ ɺɥɣɤ ɨɛɪɫɛɝɣɝ ɪɩɬɦɛɨɱʀɝ ɟɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɢ ɪɫɩɪɩɢɣɱʀɾɹ ɢɟɛɭɣɬɺ ɪɫɩɭɠ ɥɣɺɨɣ ɝʀɟ ɰɣɦɣɦɣ ʁʁ ɍɩɟʀ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɫɠɭɠɦɷɨɩʁ ɪʀɟɞɩɭɩɝɥɣ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɦʀɭɛ ɫ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɠ ɧɩɨ ɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɢ ɪʀɝɟɨɺ ɝɟɠɫɦɩɬɺ ɝ ɧɠɡʀ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɋɠɫɳɣɧɣ ɪɫɣ ɤɨɺɦɣ ɨɛ ɬɠɜɠ ɮɟɛɫ ɢɛɦɩɞɣ ɧʀɬɭ ɯɩɫɭɠɱɷ ɮɢɟɩɝɡ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɋɩɬɷ ɴɩ ɪɫɣɥɫɣɝɛɦɣ Ʌɣʁɝ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɜʀɞʀɝ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɥʀɝ Ɏɬʀ ɯɩɫɭɠɱʀ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɢɛɪɠɥɦɩɞɩ ɩɪɩɫɮ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɴɠɨɭ ɢɫɮɤɨɩɝɛɨʀ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɛɧɣ Ɋɩɭʀɧ ɭɛɥɛ ɡ ɟɩɦɺ ɬɪʀɭɥɛɦɛ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɴɩ ɜɠɢɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩ ɪɫɣɥɫɣɝɛɦɣ Ʌɣʁɝ ȆȠȡȞȚ ǸȖȱȐȎ ȚȜțȑȜșȎȚȖ Ƚʀɭɣɲʀɝ Ƚɛɬɣɦʀɝ ȼʀɦɞɩɫɩɟ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ

154

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 4

I Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɢ ɋɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ

ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ©Ɂɚɯɢɫɬ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɶɨɝɨ ɪɭɛɟɠɭ ɉɿɞ ɫɬɿɧɚɦɢ Ⱦɟɫɹɬɢɧɧɨʀ ɰɟɪɤɜɢª ɑɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɱɢɧɢɥɢ ɤɢɹɧɢ ɬɚ ɠɢɬɟɥɿ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɦɿɫɬ Ɋɭɫɿ ɳɨ ɞɨ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɶɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɢɳɚɥɢ ɫɜɨʀ ɦɿɫɬɚ" ɋɜɨɸ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɭɣɬɟ

ɝɠɫɠɬɨɺ ɫ ȼɛɭɣɤ ɪʀɟʀɤɳɩɝ ɟɩ ɬɭʀɨ ɧʀɬɭɛ ʀ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɩɜɦɩɞɮ ȼɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢɛ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɡɩɫɬɭɩɥɩɹ ʀ ɥɫɩɝɩɪɫɩɦɣɭɨɩɹ Ɇɣɳɠ ɪʀɬ ɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɺɥ ȼɛɭɣɤ ɟʀɢɨɛɝɬɺ ɴɩ ɨɛɤɬɦɛɜɳɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɝ ɩɜɩɫɩɨʀ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɾ ɝ ɫɛɤɩɨʀ Ɇɺɟɬɷɥɣɰ ɝɩɫʀɭ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɢɧɩɞɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɦɩ ɧɣɭɣ ɰʀɟ ɪɩɟʀɤ ɨɛ ɬɝɩɹ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɷ Ɏ ɫɛɤɩɨʀ ɱɣɰ ɝɩɫʀɭ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɡɠɨɩ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɮ ɧɛɬɮ ɬɭʀɨɩɜɣɭɨɣɰ ɧɛɳɣɨ ɺɥʀ ©ɜɠɢɪɠɫɠɫɝɨɩ ɜɣɦɣ ɟɠɨɷ ʀ ɨʀɲª ɂɫɠɳɭɩɹ ɦɣɬɭɩɪɛɟɛ ɝ ɧɮɫɛɰ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɩɦɩɧɣ ɇɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɪʀɳɦɣ ɨɛ ɳɭɮɫɧ Ɏ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ɟɠɨɷ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɧɩɞɦɣ ɩɝɩ ɦɩɟʀɭɣ ɬɭʀɨɛɧɣ ʀ ɝɛɦɩɧ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɛɦɠ ɟɛɦʀ ɪɫɩɬɮɨɮɭɣɬɺ ɨɠ ɢɧɩɞɦɣ Ɍɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɝ ɳɣɬɷ ɪɠɫɠɫɝɩɹ ɥɣɺɨɣ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɨɩɝɮ ɦʀɨʀɹ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɣ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ɮɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɷ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣ ɫɛ ɞɫɮɟɨɺ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɪɫɩɫɝɛɦɣ ɮɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɨɺ ɝ ɫɛɤɩɨʀ Ɍɩɯʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɝɩɫʀɭ ɭɩɧɮ ʁɰ ɴɠ ɨɛ ɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ȼɛɭɣɾɝɣɧɣ ʀ ɪʀɟʀɤɳɦɣ ɟɩ ɩɬɭɛɨ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɫɮɜɠɡɮ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɣ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɴɩ ɜɮɝ ɢɝɠɟɠ ɨɣɤ ɢɛɰɣɬɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɜʀɦɺ ȿɠɬɺɭɣɨɨɩʁ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɉɬɭɛɨɨʀ ɢɛɰɣɬɨɣɥɣ ɲɣɨɣɦɣ ɝʀɟɲɛɤɟɮɳɨɣɤ ɩɪʀɫ ɛɦɠ ȼɛɭɣɤ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɢɛɬɭɩɬɮɝɛɝ ɩɜɦɩɞɩɝʀ ɧɛɳɣɨɣ Ɋʀɟ ʁɰɨʀɧɣ ɮɟɛɫɛɧɣ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨʀ ɬɭʀɨɣ ȿɠɬɺɭɣɨɨɩʁ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɨɠ ɝɣɭɫɣɧɛɦɣ ʀ ɢɛɝɛɦɣ ɦɣɬɺ ɪɩɰɩɝɛɝɳɣ ɪʀɟ ɮɦɛɧɥɛɧɣ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɰ ɢɛ ɰɣɬɨɣɥʀɝ ȿɩ ɫɮɥ ɧɩɨɞɩɦʀɝ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɝ ɪɩɫɛ

Ȳ ɭɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɨɣɥ Ɋɦɛɨɩ ɟɠ Ʌɛɫɪʀɨʀ ɪɫɩ ɝʀɟɝʀɟɛɨɨɺ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɝ ɫ ©Ʌɩɦɣ ɧɣ ʁɰɛɦɣ ɲɠɫɠɢ ʁɰɨɹ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɧɣ ɢɨɛɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɨɠɢɦʀɲɠɨɨʀ ɞɩɦɩɝɣ ʀ ɥʀɬɭɥɣ ɧɠɫɭɝɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɺɥʀ ɦɠɡɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɪɩɦʀ ɜɩ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɱɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɝɠɦɣ ɥɣɧ ʀ ɟɮɡɠ ɜɛɞɛɭɩɦɹɟɨɣɧ ɛ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɝɩɨɩ ɢɝɠɟɠɨɩ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨɛɨʀɝɠɱɷ ɦɠɟɝɠ ʀɬɨɮɾ ɭɛɧ ɜɮɟɣɨɥʀɝ ɛ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɭɛɧ ɭɫɣɧɛɹɭɷ ɝɩɨɣ ɝ ɨɛɤɭɺɡɲɩɧɮ ɫɛɜ ɬɭɝʀª ȿɩ ɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɧɛɦɩ ɭɣɬ ɟɝɩɫʀɝ ʀ ɧɠɳɥɛɦɩ ɝ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɭɣɬ ɩɬʀɜ

I ɑɟɪɟɡ ɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɪɨɤɿɜ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɦɨɧɝɨɥɶɫɶɤɨʀ ɧɚɜɚɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɚɧɟɰɶ ɉɚɩɢ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɜɿɞɚɜ Ʉɢʀɜ" əɤɭ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɫɩɭɫɬɨɲɟɧɶ ɜɿɧ ɩɨɛɚɱɢɜ" əɤɢɦɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɧɚɫɥɿɞ ɤɢ ɧɚɜɚɥɢ ɞɥɹ Ʉɢɽɜɚ"

Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêà äåðæàâà

155

ɨɠɨɣɤ ɭɣɬɺɱɷɥɣɤ ȿɧɣɭɫɩ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɛ ɢɨɛɥ ɪɩɝɛɞɣ ɟɛɫɮɝɛɦɣ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɂɟɩɜɮɭɭɺ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɦɩ ȼɛɭɣɹ ɳɦɺɰ ɨɛ ɂɛɰʀɟ Ɋɩɟɩɦɛɝɳɣ ɩɪʀɫ ɨɛ ɦʀɨʀʁ ɮɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɷ ɮɢɟɩɝɡ ɫʀɲɩɥ Ƚɠɫɰɨʀɤ ɍɠɭɠɫʀɝ Ⱦɩɫɣɨɷ Ɍɦɮɲ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɫ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɝɟɠɫɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨɷ ɪɫɺɧɮɹɲɣ ɟɩ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣ ɧɣɫɛ Ɉɠɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɨɩ ɟɦɺ ɬɠɜɠ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɢʀɭɥɨɮɦɣɬɺ ʀɢ ɬɣɦɷɨɣɧ ɩɪɩɫɩɧ ɧʀɬɭ ɢɛɧɥʀɝ ȿɛɨɣɦʀɝ ʀ Ʌɫɠɧɠɨɠɱɷ ɂɫɩɢɮɧʀɝɳɣ ɴɩ ɩɜɦɩɞɛ ɢɛɭɺɞɨɠɭɷɬɺ ɨɛɟɩɝɞɩ ɛ ɪɫɣ ɬɭɮɪ ɪɫɣɨɠɬɠ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɝɭɫɛɭɣ ȼɛɭɣɤ ɢɧʀɨɣɝ ɭɛɥɭɣɥɮ Ƚʀɟɬɭɮɪɣɝɳɣ ɝʀɟ ɨɠɪɫɣɬɭɮɪɨɣɰ ɢɛɧɥʀɝ ɝʀɨ ɫɩɢɟʀ ɦɣɝ ɬɝɩɹ ɛɫɧʀɹ ɨɛ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɬɣɦɷɨɣɰ ɢɛɞɩɨʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɫɩ ǾȡȴțȖ DzȓȟȭȠȖțțȜȴ ȤȓȞȘȐȖ ɢʀɤɳɦɣɬɺ ɪɩ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨɣ ɤ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ ɢɨɣɴɮɹ ȚȎșȬțȜȘ țȓȐȳȒȜȚȜȑȜ ɲɣ ɝɬɠ ɨɛ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɳɦɺɰɮ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɬɣɦɛɧɣ ȼɛɭɣɤ ȣȡȒȜȔțȖȘȎ ȝȜȥȎȠȘȡ ȃǥȃ ȟȠ

ɮɢɺɝ ɝ ɩɜɦɩɞɮ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ȼɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢɛ ɧʀ ɬɭɩ ɜɮɦɛ ɥɫɣɝɛɝɩɹ ³ ɝɩɨɩ ɜɩɫɩɨɣɦɩɬɺ ɟɩ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɷɩɞɩ ɉɬɭɛɨɨʀɧɣ ɩɬɠɫɠɟɥɛɧɣ ɩɪɩɫɮ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɧɮɫɩɝɛɨʀ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɺɥʀ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɝʀɟɰɩɟɮ ɝɩɫɩɞɛ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɣɬɺ ɢɛɪɩɝɨɠɨɣɧɣ ɭɫɮɪɛ ɧɣ ɪɫɩ ɴɩ ɬɝʀɟɲɛɭɷ ɟɛɨʀ ɛɫɰɠɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɰ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɷ ɍɛɥ ɬɛɧɩ ɢɛɝɢɺɭɩ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɦɣ ɬɺ ɤ ʀɨɳʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ³ ɂɝɠɨɣɞɩɫɩɟ Ⱦɛɦɣɲ ɋɛɤɥɣ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝ ɭɩɴɩ Ɇɣɳɠ ɨɩɝɩ ɢɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɣɤ ʀ ɬɣɦɷɨɩ ɮɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɣɤ ɐɩɦɧ ɭɛ ɞʀɫɬɷɥʀ ɯɩɫɭɠɱʀ ɝʀɟɜɣɦɣ ɨɛɪɛɟɣ ɝɩɫɩɞʀɝ I Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɤɚɪɬɭ Ɍɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɹɤɢɯ Ɋɩɥɣ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɢɨɣɴɮɝɛɦɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ⱦɛ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜ ɜɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɞɨ ɫɤɥɚ ɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɞɭ Ɂɨɥɨɬɨʀ Ɉɪɞɢ" ȿɛɨɣɦɩ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɤ ɜɠɢɮɬɪʀɳɨɩ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɝ ɬɺ ɬɰɣɦɣɭɣ ɟɩ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɩʁ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɧɩɨɞɩɦʀɝ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦʀɝ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɣ ɭɛ Ɋɩɦɷ ɴʀ ɉɬɭɛɨɨʀ ɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɴɩ ɨɛɝɛɦɛ ʁɰ ɩɧɣɨɠ ɩɟɨɛɲɠ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɢɟɩɦɛɝɳɣ ɥɛɫɪɛɭ ɬɷɥʀ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɦɣ ɝɬɭɮɪɣɦɣ ɝ ɧɠɡʀ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɣ ʀ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɟɠ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɣɦɣ ɬɝʀɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɟɩ Ȼɟɫʀɛɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɢɛɝɟɛɝɳɣ ɮɞɩɫɱɺɧ ʀ ɪɩɦɺɥɛɧ ɨɣɴʀɝɨɩʁ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ Ɏ ɫ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɦɣɬɷ ɮ Ɋɫɣɲɩɫɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥʀ ɭɛ Ɋɫɣɥɛɬɪʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɬɭɠ ɪɣ ɟɠ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ɂɩɦɩɭɛ ɉɫɟɛ Ɋɫɣɝɩɟɩɧ ɟɩ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɬɧɠɫɭɷ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɰɛɨɛ Ɏɞɠɟɠɺ ɪɫɩɭɠ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɛɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɬɠɫ ɤɩɢɨʀɳɣɧɣ ȼɛɭɣɤ ɨɠ ɧɛɝ ɟɩɬɭɛɭɨʀɰ ɬɣɦ ɴɩɜɣ ɭɫɣɧɛɭɣ ɝ ɪɩɥɩɫʀ ɝɬʀ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɛɨʀ ɨɛɫɩɟɣ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɭɛ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɋɮɬɷ ʀ ɨɛɫɩɟɣ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɞɠɫɩʁɲɨɣɧ ɩɪɩɫɩɧ ɮɫɺɭɮɝɛɦɣ ɂɛɰʀɟ ɨɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪɮ ɝʀɟ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɩʁ ɨɛɝɛɦɣ

156

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 4

I Ɂɚ ɹɤɢɯ ɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧ ɿ ɜ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɪɨɰɿ ɩɨɫɬɚɥɚ Ɂɨɥɨɬɚ Ɉɪɞɚ" Ɉɛɬɦʀɟɥɣ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɩʁ ɨɛɝɛɦɣ Ɉɛɝɛɦɛ ȼɛɭɣɺ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɛ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɣɧ ɞɫɛɜʀɡɨɣɱɷɥɣɧ ɨɛɜʀɞɩɧ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɥʀɝ ɴɩ ɫɛɨʀ ɳɠ ɟɩɝɩɟɣɦɩɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɡɣɝɛɭɣ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥʀɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ Ɋɫɛɝɦɺɲɛ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɛ ɝɠɫɰʀɝɥɛ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɦɛ ɨɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɢɜɛɞɛɭɣɭɣɬɺ ɢɛ ɫɛɰɮɨɩɥ ɪɩɞɫɛɜɮɝɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɫɩɢɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɛ ɤ ɪɩɬɭɛ ɝɣɭɣ ɪʀɟ ɬɝɩɹ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɟɩɦɮɲɣɭɣ ʁɰ ɟɩ ɬɝɩɾʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɴɩ ɮɪɫɛɝɦɺɦɛ ɬɺ ɨɛɴɛɟɥɛɧɣ ɒɣɨʊʀɬɰɛɨɛ ɭɛ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɣɤ ɟɩɰʀɟ Ɉɛɬɦʀɟɥɣ ɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɥɛɭɛɬɭɫɩɯʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɟɦɺ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ Ȳɢ ɧʀɬɭ ɥɩɦɣɳɨɷɩʁ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɫɩɢɩɫɠɨɩ ʀɢ ɨɣɰ ɮɡɠ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɫɩɟɣɦɣɬɺ ɛ ʀɢ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɠɦɛ Ɏ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɩ ɡɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɛ ɟɩɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɩɞɩ ɜɮɟʀɝ ɨɣɱɭɝɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɮɭɩ ɦɣɳɠ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɬɭɩ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɂɛɨɠɪɛɝ ɫɺɟ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɲɣɰ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷ ɨɩɬɭɠɤ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɭɫɛɲɠɨɩ ɬɠɥɫɠɭɣ ɝɣɫɩɜɨɣɱɭɝɛ ɹɝɠɦʀɫɨɣɰ ɝɣɫɩɜʀɝ ɠɧɛɦɷ ɢɠɫɨɷ ɲɠɫɨɷ ȿɠɺɥʀ ɫɛɤɩɨɣ ɢɨɠɦɹɟɨʀɦɣ ɬɥɩɫɩɭɣɦɣɬɺ ɪɩɬʀɝɨʀ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɦɛ ɭɩɫɞʀɝ ɦɺ ɇɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɛ ɨɛɝɛɦɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɛ ɟɩ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɟɠɧɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɮɭɫɛɭ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɨɣɴɠɨɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɫɮɬɷɥɩʁ ɠɦʀɭɣ Ȳ ɝɬɠ ɡ ɪɩɪɫɣ ɭɛɥʀ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥɣ ɨɛɝɛɦɛ ɨɠ ɢɮɪɣɨɣɦɛ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɫɩɢɩɫɠɨɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ɋɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɫɩɟɣɦɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ʀ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɫɩɢɞɫɩɧɮ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷ ɬɷɥɣɰ ɝʀɤɬɷɥ ɨɛ Ɍɣɨʀɰ Ƚɩɟɛɰ ɮ ɫ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɠɨɩ ɝʀɟ ʁɰɨɷɩ ɞɩ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɇɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ Ɏɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɂɩɦɩɭɩʁ ɉɫɟɣ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ȼɛɭɣɾɝɩʁ ɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ʌɣʁɝɴɣɨɣ ɒɠɫɨʀɞɩɝɩ Ɍʀɝɠɫɴɣɨɣ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɴɣɨɣ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɦɣ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɂɩɦɩɭɩʁ ɉɫɟɣ Ɉɛ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɠɨɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɝɣɧɛɞɛɦɣ ɴɩɜ ɨɛɫɩɟɣ ©ɟɛɝɛɦɣ ʁɧ ɟɠɬɺɭɮ ɲɛ ɬɭɣɨɮ ɝʀɟ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ³ ɺɥ ɝʀɟ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɝʀɟ ɧɛɤɨɛª Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɢɜɣɫɛɦɣ ɪɦɮɡɨɠ ɪɩɟɛɭɩɥ ʀɢ ɪɦɮɞɛ ɧɣɭɩ ɪɩɟɝʀɫɨɠ ɪɩɟɛɭɩɥ ʀɢ ɟɝɩɫɮ ɥɩɫɧ ɪɠɫɠɝɠɢɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɮɭɫɣɧɛɨɨɺ ɰɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɬɦʀɝ ȿɦɺ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɫɩɢɧʀɫʀɝ ɨɛɟɰɩɟɡɠɨɷ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɟɛɭ ɥʀɝ ʀ ɪɩɜɩɫʀɝ ɨɛ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɠɨɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɪɣɬɣ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɧɛɤɨɛ Ɋɠɫɳɣɤ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɪɠɫɠɪɣɬ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɬɺ ɝ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ ɋɮɬʀ ɨɛ ɢɦɛɧʀ ² ɫɫ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɢɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɡɮɹɭɷ ɜɛɬɥɛɥɬɷɥɮ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɮ Ƚɩɨɛ ɪɠɫɠɟɜɛɲɛɦɛ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɜɛɬɥɛɥʀɝ ɨɛɧʀɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɨɛ ɪɠɝɨʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ȼɛɬɥɛɥɣ ɢ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɣɧ ɢɛ ɞɩɨɩɧ ɩɜ·ʁɡɟɡɛɹɲɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɢɜɣɫɛɦɣ ɟɛɨɣɨɮ ʀ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɨɛɞɦɺɟ ɨɛɟ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺɧɣ ȿɦɺ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɺ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɜɛɬɥɛɥʀɝ ɬɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɮɥɫʀɪɦɠɨʀ ɪɮɨɥɭɣ Ɉɛ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɟɠ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣ ɥɨɺɡɮ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɬɛɧ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɪɩ ɝɣɨɠɨ ɜɮɝ ɢɜɣɫɛɭɣ ɟɛɨɣɨɮ ʀ ɝʀɟɪɫɛɝɦɺɭɣ ʁʁ ɝ ɉɫɟɮ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɧɛɝ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɺɫɦɣɥ ³ ɟɩɢɝʀɦ ɨɛ ɥɨɺɡʀɨɨɺ ɮ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺɰ ȿɩ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɠɤ ɢɩɦɩɭɩɩɫɟɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɢɛɫɛɰɮɝɛɭɣ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɜɠɢɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩ ɟɩɦɮɲɠɨɩ ɟɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɮ ɂɩɦɩɭɩʁ ɉɫɟɣ ɢɛ ɟɠɺɥɣɧ

157

Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêà äåðæàâà

ȼɛɬɥɛɥ ³ ɨɛɧʀɬɨɣɥ ɰɛɨɛ ɨɛ ɪɠɝɨʀɤ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɂɜɣɫɛɝ ɟɛɨɣɨɮ ʀ ɬɮɟɣɝ ɚɫɦɣɥ ³ ɟɩɢɝʀɦ ɰɛɨɛ ɥɨɺɢɠɝʀ ɨɛ ɥɨɺɡʀɨɨɺ ɝɣɨɺɭɥɩɧ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɋɮɬʀ ɨɠ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɩ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɟʀɹɲɩɞɩ ɛɟɧʀɨʀɬɭɫɛɭɣɝ ɨɩɞɩ ɛɪɛɫɛɭɮ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥʀɝ ȿɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɭɩɦɠɫɛɨɭɨɩ ɬɭɛɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɰɫɣ ɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ʀ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɩɞɩ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɛ ɉɬɭɛɨɨɾ ɨɠ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɦɛ ɟɛɨɣɨɮ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɣ Ɋɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɧɩɨɞɩɦʀɝ ɨɛ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɩɥɫʀɧ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɣɰ ʀ ɧɛɭɠ ɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɮɭɫɛɭ ɧɛɦɩ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥɩɧ ʀ ©ɢɨɠɥɨɺɡɠɨɨɺª ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɍɛɥ Ɋɠɫɠ ɺɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɦʀɥɝʀɟɩɝɛɨɩ ɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɦɣ ɪʀɟ ɜɠɢɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨɹ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɧɩɨɞɩɦʀɝ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɝɬɹ ɟɫɮɞɮ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɮ ɐȲȲȲ ² ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɐȲ9 ɬɭ ɭɠɡ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɩɬɺ ɜɠɢ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ɇɣɳɠ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɰ ɫɫ ɐȲ9 ɬɭ ɝ ɪɣɬɷɧɩ ɝɣɰ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛɰ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɞɛɟɥɣ ɪɫɩ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ɏ ɲɠɫɨʀɞɩɝɩ ɬʀɝɠɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɮ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɫɩɥɣ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɉɦɷɞɩɝɣɲʀ ɴɠ ɮɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɦɛɟɮ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɢɛɞɣ ɜɠɦʀ ɝ ɉɫɟʀ ɇɣɰɛɤɦɛ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟɩɝɣɲɛ ɝɩɨɣ ɭɠɡ ɮɭɫɛɭɣɦɣ ʁʁ Ɋɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɨɛɜʀɞɣ ɢɦɩɝ ɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɜɛɬɥɛɥʀɝ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɨɠɞɛɫɛɢɟɣ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɣ ɟɩ ɢɨɛɲɨɩɞɩ ɢɨɠɦɹɟɨɠɨɨɺ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɴɣɨɣ ɭɛ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɴɣɨɣ Ɋɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɱɠɨɭɫ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɴɣɨɣ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɬɭɣɝ ɬɺ ɟɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ȼɫɺɨɬɷɥ ɺɥɠ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɦɩ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɬɧɩɦɠɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ɉɛɴɛɟɥɣ ɉɦɷɞɩɝɣɲʀɝ ɢɧɩɞɦɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɢɛɥɫʀɪɣɭɣɬɷ ɮ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɲɥɣɰ ɮɟʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛɰ ɴɩ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɷ ɮ ɝɠɫɰʀɝ·ɺɰ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɉɥɛ ɍɛɥ ɪɩɬɭɛɦɣ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨʀ ɥɨɺɡʀ ©ɝɠɫɰɩɝɬɷɥʀª ɫɩɟɣ Ɉɩɝɩɬɣɦɷɬɷɥʀ ɉɟɩɾɝɬɷɥʀ Ƚɩɫɩɭɣɨɬɷɥʀ ɇɛɬɛɦɷɬɷɥʀ ɇɠɢɠɱɷɥʀ ɉɜɩɦɠɨɬɷɥʀ ɭɩɴɩ ɉɭɡɠ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɯɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɢɨɣɴɣɦɣ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɠ ʀ ɒɠɫɨʀɞɩɝɩ Ɍʀ ɝɠɫɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɏ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɱɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɪɩɬɭɛɦɣ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥʀ ɩɥɫɮɞɣ ³ ©ɭɷɧɣª

ǯȎȟȘȎȘȖ ȣȡȒ ǿ ǥȐȎțȜȐ

I Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɋɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɩɪɨ ɡɛɿɪ ɞɚɧɢɧɢ ɛɚɫɤɚɤɚɦɢ

158

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 4

ɂɠɧɦʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɝʀɟ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɭɣ ɍɛɭɛɫɬɷɥɩɹ ɢɠɧɦɠɹ ɛ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ʀ Ɋɩɟʀɦɦɺɧ Ɉɛ ɱɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɡɣɦɩ ɺɥ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɠɨɠ

I əɤ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɜɥɚɞɚ Ɂɨɥɨɬɨʀ Ɉɪɞɢ ɧɚɞ ɪɭɫɶɤɢɦɢ ɤɧɹɡɿɜɫɬɜɚɦɢ" Ƚʀɟɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɇɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɛ ɨɛɝɛɦɛ ɰɩɲ ʀ ɢɛɝɟɛɦɛ ɢɨɛɲɨɩʁ ɳɥɩɟɣ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨʀ ɭɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ ɮɬɠ ɡ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɛ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɥɛɭɛɬɭɫɩɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥʀɝ ɺɥ ɟɦɺ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɴɣɨɣ Ʌɣʁɝɴɣɨɣ ɭɛ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɴɣɨɣ ɑʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɨɠ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɦɣ ɝ ɜɠɢɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨɹ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɉɫɟɣ ɇʀɬɭɛ ʀ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɩɭɠ ɾɟɨʀɬɭɷ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷ ɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɴɩ ɦɠɟɷ ɝʀɟɫɩɟɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɛɪɠɫɠɟɩɟɨʀ ɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɫɮɳɠɨɩ ȿɛɨɣɦɩɝʀ ɋɩɧɛɨɩɝɣɲɮ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɠɨɨɺ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɟɩɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɟɩɦɛɭɣ ɩɪʀɫ ɬɝɛɝʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɜɩɺɫ ʀ ɝʀɟɬɭɩɹɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩɾ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɨɛ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ʀɢ ɬɣɨɩɧ ɲɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɇɣɰɛɤɦɛ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟɩɝɣɲɛ ɋɩɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɩɧ Ɏ ɭɛɥɩɧɮ ɬɥɫɮɭɨɩɧɮ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴʀ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɪɫɩɺɝɣɝ ɬɝɩʁ ɥɫɛɴʀ ɺɥɩɬɭʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɞɩ ɟʀɺɲɛ ʀ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɛ Ɍɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɝʀɨ ɪɫɣɜɩɫɥɛɝ ɜɩɺɫ ɺɥʀ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɋɩɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɛ Ɋɩɭʀɧ ɪʀɳɩɝ ʀ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɬɛɧɩɞɩ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɟɠɨɭɛ ɨɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɺɥɣɤ ɬɪɣɫɛɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɝɩ ɾɨɨɮ ɬɣɦɮ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɣ ɭɛ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ Ƚɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɛ ɜɣɭɝɛ ɧʀɡ ɪɫɩɭɣɝɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɛ ɬɺ ɬɠɫɪɨɺ ɫ ɪʀɟ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɩɧ ɟɠ ɭɝɨɪɫɶɤɨ ɩɨɥɶɫɶɤɢɣ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɢʀ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɜɫɛɭɩɧ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɩɧ ȼɣɭɝɛ ɪʀɟ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɩɧ ɬɚɛɿɪ ɬɠɫɪɨɺ ɫ ɢɟɩɜɮɝ ɜɦɣɬɥɮɲɮ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɮ ɍɝɨɪɫɶɤɨ ɩɨɥɶɫɶɤɟ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨ ɩɨɥɶɫɶɤɟ ɪ ɪɢɰɚɪɫɶɤɚ ɤɿɧɧɨɬɚ ɑɠ ɜɮɦɛ ɩɟɨɛ ɢ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɰ ɜɣɭɝ ɨɛ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨ ȼɚɫɢɥɶɤɨ ɋɹ ɩɿɯɨɬɚ ɧ Ɏɥɨɪɿɚɧɚ Ƚɚɥɢɰɶɤɨ ɜɨɥɢɧɫɶɤɟ ɋɮɬʀ ɝ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ Ɏ ɱʀɤ ɜɣɭɝʀ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɪɫɩɺɝɣɝ ɤɿɧɧɟ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨ Ɋɭɯ ɝɚɥɢɰɶɤɨ ɜɨɥɢɧ ɭɝɨɪɫɶɤɟ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨ ɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɚ ɞɨ ɨɠɛɜɣɺɥɣɤ ɭɛɦɛɨɭ ɪɩɦɥɩɝɩɟɱɺ Ƚʀɨ ɫɩɢɧʀ Ⱥɧɞɪɿɣ Ɏɿɥɶɧɿɹ ɦɿɫɰɹ ɛɨɸ ɞɪɭɠɢɧɚ Ⱥɬɚɤɚ ɪɢɰɚɪɿɜ Ɋɨɫɬɢɫɥɚɜɚ ɬɭɣɝ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɭɛɥ ɴɩ ɨɛɝɧɣɬɨɩ ɪɩɬɦɛɜɣɝ Ʉɨɧɬɪɚɬɚɤɚ ɝɚɥɢɰɶ ɿ ɭɝɨɪɫɶɤɿ ɤɨ ɜɨɥɢɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɪɢɰɚɪɿ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɚ ɱɠɨɭɫ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɩɢɣɱʀɤ ɑɠ ɟɛɦɩ ɢɧɩɞɮ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ȼɬɟɱɚ ɡɚɥɢɲɤɿɜ ɭɝɨɪɫɶɤɨ ɩɨɥɶɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɜɩɹ ɢɛɧɛɨɣɭɣ ɮɞɩɫɬɷɥɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ʀ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɮ Ⱦɚɧɢɥɨ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɚ ɋɩɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɛ ɪʀɟ ɯɦɛɨɞɩɝɣɤ ɮɟɛɫ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɟɩ ǿȣȓȚȎ ȏȖȠȐȖ ȝȳȒ ȍȞȜȟșȎȐȜȚ ɜʀɫɨɩʁ ɥʀɨɨɩɭɣ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɜɣɝɬɺ ɝ ɬɛɧʀɤ ɞɮɴʀ ɜɩɹ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɩ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝ ɰɩɫɮɞɝɮ ɥɩɧɛɨɟɮ ɝɛɲɛ ɮɞɩɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɝʀɤɬɷɥ ɏʀɦɷɨʀɺ ʀ ɫɩɢɟɠɫ ʁʁ Ɋɠɫɠɧɩɞɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɱʀɦɥɩɝɣɭɩɹ ȼɮɦɩ ɬɰɩɪɦɠɨɩ ɏʀɦɷɨʀɺ ɭɛ ɥɩɧɛɨ ɟɮɝɛɲɛ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɰ ɝʀɤɬɷɥ ɏɦɩɫʀɛɨɛ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɩɫɩɡɣɰ ȿɛɨɣɦɮ ɜɩɺɫ Ɇɣɳɠ ɋɩɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɩɝʀ ɝɟɛɦɩɬɺ ɝɭɠɥɭɣ Ɍɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɝʀɨ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɝɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɮ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɛ ɪɩ ɭʀɧ ɨɛɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɩɬɠɦɣɝɬɺ ɝ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨʀ Ɋɠɫɠɧɩɞɛ ɪʀɟ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɩɧ ɪɩɥɦɛɦɛ ɥɫɛɤ ɭɫɣɝɛɦʀɤ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɢɛ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɾɟɨɩɬɭʀ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨ ɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɝ ɫɛɢ ʀ ɨɛɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɦʀɥ ɝʀɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɜɩɺɫɬɷɥɮ ɩɪɩɢɣɱʀɹ ȼɮɦɩ ɬɭɫɛɲɠɨɩ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɜɩɺɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɝɛɭɛɡɥʀɝ ǰȎȔȘȜȜȕȏȞȜȱțȖȗ ȘȳțțȜȠțȖȘ

Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêà äåðæàâà

159

I əɤɢɦ ɛɭɥɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɳɟ Ƚɚɥɢɰɶɤɨ ȼɨɥɢɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɩɿɫɥɹ Ȼɚɬɢɽɜɨʀ ɧɚɜɚɥɢ" ɉɟɪɟɦɨɝɚ ɜ ɹɤɿɣ ɛɢɬɜɿ ɞɚɥɚ ɡɦɨɝɭ Ⱦɚɧɢɥɭ Ƚɚɥɢɰɶɤɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɢɬɢ ɽɞɧɿɫɬɶ Ƚɚɥɢɰɶ ɤɨ ȼɨɥɢɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ"

ȼɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɂɧʀɱɨɣɝɳɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɮ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɾ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɣɦɣ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ ɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɢ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɧ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺɧ Ɋɩɳɭɩɝɰɩɧ ɟɩ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɝɣɧɩɞɛ ȼɛɭɣɺ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɜɣɭɝɣ ɪʀɟ ɚɫɩ ɬɦɛɝɩɧ ɝʀɟɟɛɭɣ ɤɩɧɮ Ⱦɛɦɣɲ ɚɥ ɪɣɳɠ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɤ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ©ɢɛɡɮɫɣɝɬɺ ɴɩ ɨɠ ɝɬɭɣɞ ɢɧʀɱɨɣɭɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɯɩɫɭɠɱɺɧɣ ʀ ɪɩɟɮɧɛɝ ɢ ɜɫɛɭɩɧ ɬɝɩʁɧ ʀ ɪɩ ʁɰɛɝ ɟɩ ȼɛɭɣɺ ɞɩɝɩɫɺɲɣ ´Ɉɠ ɟɛɧ ɪʀɝɩɭɲɣɨɣ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɛɦɠ ɪɩʁɟɮ ɟɩ ȼɛɭɣɺ ɬɛɧ µª Ɋɠ ɫɠɟ ɭɣɧ ɺɥ ɪɩʁɰɛɭɣ ɟɩ ɉɫɟɣ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɝ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɛ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɠɧ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ ɴɩɜ ɮ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɭɣ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀɬɭɷ ɰɩɲɛ ɜ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ȳɢ ɪɫɣɜɮɭɭɺɧ ɟɩ ɰɛɨɛ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ ɝɬɮɪɠɫɠɲ ɪɩɜɩɹɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɦɣ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɪɫɣɰɣɦɷɨɩ ȼɛɭɣɤ ɪɩɝɛɡɛɝ ɧɮɡɨʀɰ ʀ ɬɪɩɝɨɠɨɣɰ ɞʀɟɨɩɬɭʀ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɐɩɲɛ ȿɛɨɣɦɩɝʀ ɟɩɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɝɣɢɨɛɭɣ ɢɝɠɫɰɨʀɬɭɷ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɰɛɨɛ ɝɩɨɛ ɝɣɺɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɮɧɩɝɨɩɹ Ʌɨɺɢɷ ɦɣɳɠ ɧɛɝ ɨɛɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɰɛɨɩɝʀ ɟɩɪɩɧʀɡɨʀ ɢɛɞɩɨɣ ɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɛɰ Ȼɦɠ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɭɛɥɛ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɩɜɭɺɡɮɝɛɦɛ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ Ɇʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ ɢ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɝɩɟɮ ɪɣɬɛɝ ©ɉ ɦɣɰʀɳɠ ɦɣɰɛ ɲɠɬɭɷ ɭɛɭɛɫɬɷɥɛ ª ɑʀɨɩɹ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɨɣɡɠɨɨɺ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɢɜɠɫʀɞ ɱʀɦʀɬɨʀɬɭɷ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɨɠ ɝɪɮɬɭɣɝ ɭɛɭɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɜɛɬɥɛɥʀɝ ɨɛɧʀɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɢɜɣɫɛɲʀɝ ɟɛɨɣɨɣ ɟɩ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɢɟɩɜɮɝ ɪɠɫɠɪɩɲɣɨɩɥ ɟɦɺ ɪʀɟɞɩɭɩɝɥɣ ɟɩ ɢɜɫɩɤɨɩʁ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɢ ɉɫɟɩɹ Ɋɩɝɠɫɨɠɨɨɺ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ ɝʀɟ ɰɛɨɛ ɬɪɩɨɮɥɛɦɩ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦʀɝ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɣ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɭɛ Ɇɣɭ ɝɣ ɳɮɥɛɭɣ ɢ ɨɣɧ ɬɩɹɢɮ ʀ ɫɩɢɝ·ɺɢɛɨɨɺ ɝɬʀɰ ɬɮɪɠɫɠɲɦɣɝɣɰ ɪɣɭɛɨɷ Ɏɞɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ȼɠɦɛ ɨɛ ɢɨɛɥ ɬɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɨɺ ɛɦɷɺɨɬɮ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɝʀɟɟɛɝ ɢɛɧʀɡ ɬɝɩɹ ɟɩɨɷɥɮ ɢɛ ɬɣɨɛ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ Ɇɠɝɛ ɍɛ ɮ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɨɛɧʀɫɛɰ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɬɩɹɢɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɝɜɛɲɛɝ ɨɠ ɬɮɬʀɟʀɝ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɩ ɟʀ ɛ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɺɥɣɰ ɩɜɭɺɡɮɝɛɦɛ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɧɩɨɞɩɦʀɝ ɍɛɥɣɧ ɬɩɹɢɨɣɥɩɧ ɬɭɛɝ ɝɠ ɦɣɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɝɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɩ ɬɮɢɟɛɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ Ȼɨɟɫʀɤ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɣɲ ɧɩɦɩɟɳɣɤ ɜɫɛɭ ɉɦɠɥ ɬɛɨɟɫɛ Ɉɠɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ȼɨɟɫʀɤ ɺɥɣɤ ɝʀɝ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨɮ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɮ ɝʀɟ ɉɫɟɣ ɬɥɫʀɪɣɝ ɬɩɹɢ ʀɢ ȿɛɨɣɦɩɧ ɩɟɫɮɡɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɢ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɩɨɷɥɩɹ ɉɟɨɛɲɠ ɱɠɤ ɬɩɹɢ ɨɠ ɝɫɺɭɮɝɛɝ ɋɮɬɷ ɝʀɟ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ƚ ɉɫɟʀ ɪɣɦɷɨɩ ɬɭɠɡɣɦɣ ɢɛ ɪɩɟʀɺɧɣ ɝ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɬɭɝɛɰ ʀ ɴɩɜ ɝɣɪɠɫɠɟɣɭɣ ɨɠɬɪɫɣɺɭɦɣɝɣɤ ɟɦɺ ɬɠɜɠ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɪɩɟʀɤ ɢɛɝɟɛɦɣ ɨɠɬɪɩ ɟʀɝɛɨɩɞɩ ɮɟɛɫɮ ɪɩ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɩ Ɍɮɢɟɛɦɷɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɮ Ȼɨɟɫʀɤ ɜɮɝ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɫɺɭɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɝɭɠɲɠɹ ɟɩ ɓɝɠɱʀʁ Ɉɠɢɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɝɭɫɛɭɮ ɬɩɹɢɨɣɥɛ ȿɛ ɨɣɦɩ ɨɠ ɪɩɦɣɳɣɝ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɨɛɧʀɫʀɝ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɣ ɭɣɬɺ ɢ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɉɫɟɣ Ƚʀɨ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɝɛɝ ɢɧʀɱɨɹɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɮ ʀ ɪɩɭɮɞɮ ɝɦɛɬɨɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ȳɢ ɱʀɾɹ ɧɠɭɩɹ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɝ ɩɥɫɠɧɮ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɮ ɧɣɭɫɩɪɩɦʀɹ ɺɥɛ ɧɛɦɛ ɬɭɛɭɣ ɱɠɨɭɫɩɧ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɝɬʀɰ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ ɇɣɭɫɩɪɩɦɣɭɩɧ ɜɮɦɩ ǸțȭȕȪ DzȎțȖșȜ ȝȓȞȓȒ ȣȎțȜȚ ǯȎȠȖȱȚ

160

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 4

ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɩ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɢ ɨɛɤɜɦɣɡɲɣɰ ɟɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɮɫɺɟɨɣɥʀɝ Ʌɣɫɣɦɛ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɭɝɠɫɟɡɠɨɩ ɨɛ ɱʀɤ ɪɩɬɛɟʀ ɥɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɧ ɪɛɭɫʀɛɫɰɩɧ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɧɣɭɫɩɪɩ ɦɣɭ ɨɠ ɬɭɛɝ ɩɪɩɫɩɹ ɥɨɺɢɠɝʀ ɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɱʀ ɭɛ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɪɠɫɠɜɫɛɝɬɺ ɟɩ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣ ɫɩ Ɍɮɢɟɛɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɂɨɛɲɨɮ ɮɝɛɞɮ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɪɫɣɟʀɦɺɝ ɫɩɢɜɮɟɩɝʀ ɮɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ɺɥʀ ɺɥ ɬɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɾ ɦʀ ɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ ɜɮɦɣ ɩɪɩɫɩɹ ©ɪɫɩɭɣ ɜɠɢɜɩɡɨɣɰ ɭɛɭɛɫª ȿɦɺ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɛ ʀ ɢɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɩ ɝɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɢɛɪɫɩɬɣɝ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɧɛɤɬɭɫʀɝ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɢɜɫɩɺɫʀɝ ʀɢ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɭɛ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ ©Ȳɳɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɟɠɨɷ ɮ ɟɠɨɷ Ȳ ɹɨɛɥɣ ʀ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɣ ɝɬɺɥʀ ɮɭʀɥɛɦɣ ɬɹɟɣ ɩɟ ɭɛɭɛɫ ³ ɬʀɟɠɦɷɨɣɥɣ ʀ ɦɮɲɨɣɥɣ ʀ ɬɛɞɛɤɟɛɲɨɣɥɣ ʀ ɥɩɝɛɦʀ ɢɛɦʀɢɛ ʀ ɧʀɟʀ ʀ ɬɫʀɜɦɛª Ⱦɩɭɮɹɲɣɬɷ ɟɩ ɢʀɭɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɢ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɛɧɣ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɫɠɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɮɝɛɝ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ Ʌɨɺɡɮ ɝɛɡɥɩɩɢɜɫɩɾɨɮ ɥʀɨɨɮ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɮ ɪɠɫɠɩɢɜɫɩʁɦɣ ɢɛ ɢɫɛɢɥɩɧ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɫɣ ɱɛɫʀɝ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɦɠɞɥɮ ɥʀɨɨɩɭɮ ɩɢɜɫɩɾɨɮ ɦɮɥɛɧɣ ʀ ɳɛɜɦɺɧɣ ɢɛ ɢɫɛɢɥɩɧ ɧɩɨɞɩɦʀɝ ɍɛɥ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɢɛɪɩɢɣɲɣɝ ɮɬɠ ɥɫɛɴɠ ɮ ɝɩɾɨɨɩɧɮ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝʀ ɂɛɰɩɟɮ ɭɛ Ɍɰɩɟɮ Ɉɛɪɠɫɠɟɩɟɨʀ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɩɞɩ ɢʀɭɥɨɠɨɨɺ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɝɬɠ ɡ ɭɛɥɣ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɝ ɬɪɠɫɭɣɬɺ ɰɩɲ ɨɛ ɺɥɣɰɩɬɷ ɬɩɹɢɨɣɥʀɝ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɰ ɪɠɫɠɞɩɝɩɫʀɝ ɜɮɦɩ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɮɭɩ ɢɞɩɟɣ ɢ Ɋɛ ɪɩɹ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɣɧ Ȳɨɩɥɠɨɭʀɾɧ Ȳ9 Ɋɛɪɛ ɝ ɫ ɢɛɥɦɣɥɛɝ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɒɠɰʀʁ ɇɩɫɛɝʀʁ Ɍɠɫɜʀʁ ɭɛ Ɋɩɧɠɫɛɨʀʁ ɟɩ ©ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɮª ɪɫɩɭɣ ɧɩɨɞɩɦʀɝ ʀ ɨɛɟʀɬɦɛɝ ȿɛɨɣɦɩɝʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɮ ɥɩɫɩɨɮ ɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɪʀɟɪɩɫɺɟɥɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɮ ɧɣɭɫɩɪɩɦʀɹ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɤ ɜɠɢ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɣɰ ɮɫɩɲɣɬɭɩɬɭɠɤ ɥɩɫɩɨɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɝ ȿɩɫɩɞɣɲɣɨʀ Ʌɩɫɩɨɛɱʀɺ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɩɹ ɪɩɟʀɾɹ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ƚʀɟɭɩɟʀ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺ ɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɢɨɛɨɩ ɩɥɫɠɧɩɹ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɹ ɬɪɛɟɥɩ ɾɧɨɣɱɠɹ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɋɫɣɝɩɟɩɧ ɟɩ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɩɫɟɣ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɪɫɛɞ ɨɠɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɭɣ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɝɦɛɟʀ ȼɩɦɩɰʀɝɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɷ ɮ ɝɠɫɰʀɝ·ɺɰ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɞɩ ȼɮɞɮ ɍɠ ɭɠɫɠɝɛ Ɍɦɮɲʀ ɴɩ ɝɝʀɤɳɦɣ ɟɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɮ ɉɫɟɣ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɨɛɝɛɦɣ Ɏ ² ɫɫ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɝɭɩɫɞɦɣɬɺ ǸȜȞȜțȎ DzȎțȖșȎ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜȑȜ ɟɩ ȼɩɦɩɰʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɤ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɦɣ ʁʁ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɠɨɩ ɬɪɫɩɜɮ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɭɣ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɝɦɛɟʀ Ʌɣʁɝ ɍɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɝ ɉɫɟʀ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɛɬɺ ɢɧʀɨɛ ɝɦɛɟɣ Ɋɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ȼɛɭɣɺ ɨɩɝɣɧ ɰɛɨɩɧ ɬɭɛɝ ȼɠɫɥɠ ɺɥɣɤ ɮ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɨɛ ɟʀʁ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ ɝɣɬɦɛɝ ɪɫɩ ɭɣ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɨɛɧʀɬɨɣɥɛ Ʌɮɫɠɧɬɮ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɤɩɞɩ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɨɠ ɢɧɩɞɦɣ ɢɟɩɦɛɭɣ ɩɪʀɫ ɧʀɬɭ Ƚɩɦɩ ɟɣɧɣɫɛ ʀ Ɇɮɱɷɥɛ Ʌɮɫɠɧɬɛ ɜɮɝ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɝʀɟɬɭɮɪɣɭɣ ɝ ɬɭɠɪ ɑɠ ɜɮɝ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ɮɬɪʀɰ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɢ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɛɧɣ ǸȜȞȜțȎȤȳȭ DzȎțȖșȎ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜȑȜ

Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêà äåðæàâà

161

Ɏɦʀɭɥɮ ɫ ɰɛɨ ȼɠɫɥɠ ɬɪɫɺɧɮɝɛɝ ɟɩ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝɠɦɣ ɲɠɢɨɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɢ ɟɩɬɝʀɟɲɠɨɣɧ ɪɩɦɥɩɝɩɟɱɠɧ ȼɮɫɮɨɟɛɾɧ ɺɥɣɤ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɝ ɟʀɺɭɣ ɢɛɦɺɥɮɝɛɨɨɺɧ Ƚʀɨ ɢɛɪɫɩɬɣɝ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ ʀ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɛ ɨɛ ɢɨɛɥ ɪʀɟɭɝɠɫɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɢɩ ɜɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɷ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɉɫɟɩɹ ɝɢɺɭɣ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɮ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɰɩɟʀ ɪɫɩɭɣ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ȼɫɛɭɣ ɨɠ ɧɛ ɹɲɣ ɫɠɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɝɲɣɨɣɭɣ ɩɪʀɫ ɪɩɞɩɟɣɦɣɬɺ Ɋɩɰʀɟ ɨɛ Ɇɣɭɝɮ ɜɮɝ ɪɫɩɝɠɟɠ ɨɣɤ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɛɧɣ ɢ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɹ ɡɩɫɬɭɩɥʀɬɭɹ ʀ ɬɪɫɛɝɣɝ ɞɨʀɭɹɲɠ ɝɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ©ɋɮɬʀ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ɭɛ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀª Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɟɠɧɩɨ ɬɭɫɛɱʀʁ ɬɣɦɣ ȼɮɫɮɨɟɛɤ ɢɛɺɝɣɝ ©ɚɥɴɩ Ƚɣ ɧɩʁ ɧɣɫɨɣɥɣ ɬɩɹɢɨɣɥɣ ɫɩɢɥɣɟɛɤɭɠ ɞɩ ɫɩɟɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɬʀª Ɋɫɩɭɣɬɭɩɺɭɣ ɨɩɝʀɤ ɨɛɝɛɦʀ ɬɣɦ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɛ ɩɞɩɦɩɳɠɨɣɤ ©ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɤ ɪɩ ɰʀɟª ɭɛɥ ʀ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɬɺ Ɉɛ ɢɨɛɥ ɪɩɥɩɫɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɫɩɢʀɜɫɛɨɩ ɮɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɨɺ ȿɛɨɣɦɩɝɛ Ɍɭʀɡɥɛ Ɇɷɝɩɝɛ Ʌɛɧ·ɺɨɱɺ Ɇɮɱɷɥɛ ɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣ ɫɛ ³ ɬɪɛɦɠɨʀ Ɇɣɳɠ ɢɛɦɩɞɛ ɐɩɦɧɛ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɣ ɦɛɬɺ ɥɩɫɣɭɣɬɺ ɝɣɧɩɞɛɧ ɭɛɭɛɫ ʀ ɝʀɟɜɣɦɛ ɝɬʀ ʁɰɨʀ ɬɪɫɩɜɣ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɭɣ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɋɩɢɦɹɲɠɨɣɤ ȼɮɫɮɨɟɛɤ ɬɪɫɺɧɮɝɛɝ ɬɝʀɤ ɞɨʀɝ ɨɛ Ɋɩɦɷɴɮ ɟɠ ɝɲɣɨɣɝ ɡɛɰɦɣɝɠ ɫɩɢɩɫɠɨɨɺ ȼɮɫɮɨɟɛɾɝʀ ɟʀʁ ɢɛɝɟɛɦɣ ɨɠɪɩɪɫɛɝɨɩɞɩ ɮɟɛɫɮ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥʀɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ ɭɛ ɢɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɬʀ ɪɦɛɨɣ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɟɩ ɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɭɣ ɝɬɠ ɬɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ Ȼɦɠ ɫɩɥɣ ǻȎȟȘȓșȪțȎ ȢȜȞȠȓȤȭ ȀȡȟȠȎțȪ ʀ ɫɛɨɣ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɨʀ ɝ ɜɩɺɰ ɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɝɢɨɛɥɣ ȡ ǸȎȞȝȎȠȎȣ ȞȓȘȜțȟȠȞȡȘȤȳȭ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɰɝɩɫʀɝ ʀ ɝɡɠ ɨɠ ɧʀɞ ɭɛɥ ɟʀɾɝɩ Ǻ Ȃ ǾȜȔȘȎ ǿȡȥȎȟțȖȗ ȐȖȑșȭȒ ȚȳȟȤȭ ɺɥ ɮ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɫɩɥɣ ɮɭʀɦɹɝɛɭɣ ɝ ɡɣɭɭɺ ȴȴ ȞȜȕȠȎȦȡȐȎțțȭ

ɬɝɩʁ ɪɦɛɨɣ

DzȎțȖșȜ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȖȗ ȝȞȖȗȚȎȱ ȝȜȟșȳȐ ȣȡȒ Ǯ ǼȞșȪȜțȜȐ

162

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 4

Ɉɛ ɬɰɣɦʀ ɝʀɥɮ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɫɩɜɣɭɷ ɥɫɩɥɣ ɨɛ ɢɜɦɣɡɠɨɨɺ ɢ Ɇɣɭɝɩɹ ɾɟɣɨɩɹ ɫɠɛɦɷ ɨɩɹ ɬɣɦɩɹ ɺɥɛ ɧɩɞɦɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɭɣ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷ ɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥʀɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ ɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɢ ɧɩɨ ɞɩɦɩ ɭɛɭɛɫɛɧɣ ȿɦɺ ɬɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɩɹɢɮ ɬɭɛɫɳɣɤ ɬɣɨ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ Ƚɛɫɨɩ ɩɟɫɮɡɣɝɬɺ ɢ ɟɩɨɷɥɩɹ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɇʀɨɟɩɝʊɛ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɫɠɛɦʀɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɝɬʀ ɪɦɛɨɣ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɋɩɧɛɨɩɝɣɲ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɨɠ ɢɧʀɞ Ɏ ɫ ɝʀɨ ɪɩ ɧɠɫ Ƚ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɝɝʀɤɳɩɝ ɪʀɟ ɪɫʀ ǽȎȚ·ȭȠțȖȘ DzȎțȖșȡ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜȚȡ ǹȪȐȳȐ

ɢɝɣɬɷɥɩɧ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɤ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɝɬɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɛ ɢ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨɩɹ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɤ ɜɮɝ ɩɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɝʀɟɩɧʀɳɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɢɨɛɲɣɝɬɺ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɢɟʀɜɨɩɬɭɺɧɣ ɝ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɱʀ ɝɩɾɨɨʀɤ ɬɪɫɛɝʀ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɹ Ƚ ɮɧɩɝɛɰ ɝɩɫɩɡɩɞɩ ɩɭɩɲɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɨ ɢɧʀɞ ɪɫɣɜɩɫɥɛɭɣ ɜɩɺɫɬɷɥɮ ɩɪɩɢɣɱʀɹ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɭɣ ɾɟɨʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɝʀɟɬɭɩɺɭɣ ɨɠ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɴɩ ɟʀɬɭɛɦɛɬɺ ɤɩɧɮ ɝ ɬɪɛɟɩɥ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɫɩɭɣɬɭɩɺɭɣ ɭɛɥɩɧɮ ɧɩ ɞɮɭɨɷɩɧɮ ɝɩɫɩɞɮ ɺɥ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɩ ɭɛɭɛɫɣ Ɇʀɭɩɪɣɬɠɱɷ ɟɛɝ ɝɦɮɲɨɮ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ © ȼɮɝ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɟɩɜɫɣɧ ɰɩɫɩɜɫɣɧ ʀ ɧɮɟɫɣɧ ɺɥɣɤ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɣɝ ɞɩɫɩɟɣ ɧɨɩɞʀ ʀ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɪɩɬɭɛɝɣɝ ʀ ɜɫɛɭɩɦɹɜɬɭɝɩɧ ɝʀɨ ɬɝʀɭɣɝɬɺ ɜɮɝ ʀɢ ɜɫɛɭɩɧ ɬɝɩʁɧ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɩɧª ȼɂɋɇɈȼɄɂ Ɏ ² ɫɫ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɣ ɬɪɮɬɭɩɳɦɣɝɩʁ ɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɧɩɨ ɞɩɦʀɝ ɋɮɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɴɩ ɟʀɺɦɣ ɨɛɫʀɢɨɩ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɣɫɠɲɠɨʀ ɨɛ ɢɛɞɣɜɠɦɷ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɞɠɫɩʁɲɨɣɤ ɩɪʀɫ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɪʀɟʀɫɝɛɝ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɱɷɥɣɤ ɢɛɪɛɦ ɧɩɨ ɞɩɦʀɝ ɉɬɠɦɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɮ ɬɭɠɪɛɰ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ɂɩɦɩɭɛ ɉɫɟɛ ɴɩ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɬɥɦɛɟɩɝɩɹ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɷɩʁ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɋɮɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɨɛɟɩɝɞɩ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɦɣ ɪʀɟ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɍɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥʀɤ ɠɥɬɪɛɨɬʀʁ ɪɫɩɭɣɬɭɩɺɦɩ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɢ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ȿɛɨɣɦɩɧ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɧ ɇɩɨɞɩɦɬɷɥɛ ɨɛɝɛɦɛ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɪɩɝɩɫɩɭɨɣɧ ɪɮɨɥɭɩɧ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺ ɢʀɝɬɭɝ ɇɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɛɭɫɣɧɛɦɩ ʀ ɢɧʀɨɣɦɩ ʁɰɨʀɤ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɣɤ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɁȺɄɊȱɉɂɆɈ ɁɇȺɇɇə ȅȜȚȡ ȞȡȟȪȘȳ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȎ ȕȎȕțȎșȖ ȝȜȞȎȕȘȖ ȐȳȒ ȚȜțȑȜșȳȐ" ȍȘȖȚȖ ȏȡșȖ țȎȟșȳȒȘȖ ȚȜțȑȜșȪȟȪȘȜȴ țȎȐȎșȖ" ȍȘ ȝȞȜȭȐșȭșȜȟȭ ȝȎțȡȐȎțțȭ ȚȜțȑȜșȳȐ țȎ ȕȓȚșȭȣ ǽȳȐȒȓțțȜ ǵȎȣȳȒțȜȴ Ǿȡȟȳ" ȅȖȚ ȐȳȒȞȳȕțȭșȖȟȭ țȎȏȳȑȖ ȝȜșȜȐȤȳȐ ȐȳȒ țȎȐȎșȖ ȚȜțȑȜșȳȐ" ǻȎȕȐȳȠȪ țȓ ȚȓțȦȓ ȠȞȪȜȣ ȝȞȖȥȖț ȭȘȳ ȞȜȏȖșȖ ȚȜțȑȜșȳȐ ȏȳșȪȦ țȓȏȓȕȝȓȥțȖȚȖ ȝȞȜȠȖȐțȖȘȎȚȖ

163

Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêà äåðæàâà

ɁȺɄɊȱɉɂɆɈ ɁɇȺɇɇə ȍȘȳ ȒȓȞȔȎȐȖ ȝȞȎȑțȡșȖ ȕȎȑȎȞȏȎȠȖ ȕȓȚșȳ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜ ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȜȑȜ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȎ" ȍȘ ȟȘșȎȒȎșȖȟȭ ȐȳȒțȜȟȖțȖ DzȎțȖșȎ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜȑȜ ȳȕ ǵȜșȜȠȜȬ ǼȞȒȜȬ" ǽȜȭȟțȳȠȪ ȗȜȑȜ ȟșȜȐȎ ©Ǽ șȖȣȳȦȓ șȖȣȎ ȥȓȟȠȪ ȠȎȠȎȞȟȪȘȎ ª ȅȜȚȡ ȝȜȝȞȖ ȕȎȐȕȭȠȡ ȏȜȞȜȠȪȏȡ DzȎțȖșȡ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜȚȡ ȠȎȘ ȳ țȓ ȐȒȎșȜȟȭ ȝȜȕȏȡȠȖȟȭ ȚȜțȑȜșȪȟȪȘȜȴ ȕȐȓȞȣțȜȟȠȳ"

ÏÐÀÊÒÈ×ÍÅ ÇÀÍßÒÒß ¹4 ÄÀÍÈËÎ ÐÎÌÀÍÎÂÈ× — ÁÓIJÂÍÈ×ÈÉ ÃÀËÈÖÜÊÎÂÎËÈÍÑÜÊί ÄÅÐÆÀÂÈ ɇɠɭɛ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɣɭɣ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɣ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨɷɩʁ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɣ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ʁʁ ɮɬɪʀɰɣ ʀ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ɐȲȿ ɋɉȼɉɍɃ

ɉɢɨɛɤɩɧɣɭɣɬɺ ɢ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɣɧ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɩɧ ɋɩɜɩɭɛ ɝ ɞɫɮɪɛɰ Ȼɨɛɦʀɢ ɬɰɠɧɣ ©ɂɩɝɨʀɳɨɺ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɛ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩª ßòâÿãè

Òåâòîíñüêèé îðäåí

×îðíà Ðóñü

Äîðîãè÷èí (1238 ð.) Ïàïà Ðèìñüêèé

(1253 ð.)

Ëþáë³íñüêà çåìëÿ (1243–1244 ðð.) Ïîëüùà Óãîðùèíà

Êè¿â (1239 ð.) Áàòèé (1240–1241 ðð.)

ÃàëèöüêîÂîëèíñüêå êíÿç³âñòâî

Êóðåìñà (1252 ð.) Áóðóíäàé (1259 ð.) Ïî¿çäêà Äàíèëà

ßðîñëàâ (1245 ð.)

Ãàëèöüêîãî äî Çîëîòî¿ Îðäè (1245 ð.)

ɂ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛɧɣ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɤ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɝ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ"

Ɉɛ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɩɺɝɦɺɝ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɮ ɛɥɭɣɝ ɨʀɬɭɷ" ɒɣɧ ɱɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɩ"

ɚɥ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɧʀɡ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɟɝʀ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɪɩɟɩɫɩɡ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɮ ɂɩ ɦɩɭɮ ɉɫɟɮ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɨɛɱʀɺ ɝ ɧʀɬɭʀ ȿɩɫɩɞɣɲɣɨ"

ɒɣ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɨɛɢɝɛɭɣ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɮɬɪʀɳɨɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ" Ɍɝɩɹ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɛɫɞɮɧɠɨɭɮɤɭɠ

ȿɛɤɭɠ ɩɱʀɨɥɮ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ Ɇɠɝɛ ȿɛɨɣɦɩɝɣɲɛ ɒɣ ɫɩɢɬɮɟɦɣɝɩɹ ɜɮɦɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɛ" Ɍɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɛ ɫɩɜɩɭɛ ɢ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɩɧ Ƚɣɢɨɛɲɭɠ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɠɭɛɪɣ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɥɨɺɢɺ ʀ ɟɛɤɭɠ ʁɧ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɮ ɂɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɩɥ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɣɤ ɧɠɭʀ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ

§ 19. ÏÐÀÂ˲ÍÍß ÍÀÙÀÄʲ ÄÀÍÈËÀ ÃÀËÈÖÜÊÎÃÎ. ÇÀÃÈÁÅËÜ ÃÀËÈÖÜÊÎ-ÂÎËÈÍÑÜÊÎÃÎ ÊÍßDzÂÑÒÂÀ Ɇɠɝ ȿɛɨɣɦɩɝɣɲ ʀ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɩɝɣɲ ɉɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɮɪɫɛɝɦɺɝ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɹ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɜɫɛɭɩɧ ɭɩ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɪɫɛ ɝɣɭɠɦɠɧ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɬɭɛɝ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɩ ² ɫɫ Ȼɦɠ ɝɩɦɩ ɟʀɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɪʀɟ ɜɠɢɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɧ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺɧ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɫɩɢɟʀɦɠɨɩ ɧʀɡ ɭɫɷɩɧɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɣɨɛɧɣ ³ Ɇɠɝɩɧ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɩɧ ɭɛ ɓɝɛɫɨɩɧ Ɇɠɝ ȿɛɨɣɦɩɝɣɲ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɲ ʀ Ɋɠɫɠɧɣɳɦɷ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝ ³ ɍɠɫɠɜɩɝɦɺɨɴɣɨɮ ɓɝɛɫɨɩ ³ ȼɠɦɢ ɐɩɦɧ ȿɩɫɩ ɞɣɲɣɨ ɒɩɫɨɮ ɋɮɬɷ ɭɛ ɒɠɫɝɠɨɬɷɥʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ɋɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨɷ ɮɬɪɛɟɥɮɝɛɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɣɨ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɩɝɣɲ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɩɜɣɟɝʀ ɞʀɦɥɣ ɋɩɧɛɨɩɝɣɲʀɝ ɝɠɦɣ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɮ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨɹ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɮ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɴɩɟɩ Ɇɣɭɝɣ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɭɛ ɂɩɦɩɭɩʁ ɉɫɟɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɮɬʀɰ ɋɩɧɛɨɩɝɣɲʀɝ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɠɨɠɫɞʀɤɨɣɧ ʀ ɫʀɳɮɲɣɧ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɠɧ ɜɮɝ ɥɨɺɢɷ Ɇɠɝ ² Ƚʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɩɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɪɩɧʀɭɨʀɳɣɰ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥʀɝ ɭɩɞɩɲɛɬɨɩʁ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɩɟɨɛɥ ɨɠ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɟʀɺɝ ɝɣɝɛɡɠɨɩ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨɩ ʀ ɝ ʀɨɭɠɫɠɬɛɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɲɠ ɫɠɢ ɴɩ ɟʀɬɭɛɝ ɪɫʀɢɝɣɬɷɥɩ ©ɓɛɦɠɨɣɤª Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɜɠɢɞɦɮɢɟɣɧ ɮɲɣɨɥɩɧ Ɇɠɝɛ ɴɩ ɧɛɝ ɟɛɦɠɥɩɬɺɡɨʀ ɨɛ ɬɦʀɟɥɣ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɩɭɫɮɾɨɨɺ ɨɣɧ ɫ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɢɛɢɟɫʀɬɭɷ ɥɩɦɣɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɩɤɳɠɦɥɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɩɬɭɫɣɞɬɺ ɝ ɲɠɨɱʀ ɤ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɝ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɝɠɦɣɥɩ ɥɨɺɡɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɓɝɛɫɨɩɝʀ ɑɣɧ ɮɲɣɨɥɩɧ ɝʀɨ ɢɛɝɟɛɝ ɳɥɩɟɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɮɭɫɛɭɣɝ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɬʀɬɭɣ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ʀ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ ɨɠɪɠɝɨɣɧ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɠ ɓɝɛɫɨɛ Ɋɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɓɝɛɫɨɛ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɛ ɢɨɛɭɷ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɦɛ ɟɩ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɝ Ɇɣɭɝʀ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɮ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀɹ Ɇɠɝ ɡɠ ɪʀɟ ɪɩɫɺɟɥɮɝɛɝ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɜɫɛɭɛ ɬɩɜʀ ɬɭɛɝɳɣ ɨɛɤɧɩ ɞɮɭɨʀɳɣɧ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɜɫɛɭʀɝ ȼʀɦɷɳɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ Ɇɠɝ ȿɛɨɣɦɩɝɣɲ ɪɫɩɝʀɝ ɮ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɜɠɢɪɠɫɠɫɝɨɣɰ ɝʀɤɨɛɰ ǸțȭȕȪ ǹȓȐ ǥ DzȎțȖșȜȐȖȥ ʀɢ ɬɮɬʀɟɛɧɣ Ɋɩɦɷɴɠɹ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɩɹ Ɇɣɭ ɝɩɹ ɺɭɝɺɞɛɧɣ Ƚʀɨ ɨɠ ɞɫɠɜɮɝɛɝ ɮɬɭɮɪɛɭɣ ɝ ɬɩɹɢ ʀɢ ɥɩɦɣɳɨʀɧɣ ɝɩɫɩɞɛɧɣ Ɉɠ ɢɮɪɣ ɨɣɝɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɢɛɪɫɩɳɠɨɨɺɧ ɧɩɨɞɩɦʀɝ ɟɦɺ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ Ɋɠɫɳɣɤ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ Ɇɠɝ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɝ ɫ Ɏ ɨɛ ɬɭɮɪɨʀ ɫɩɥɣ ɭɛɥʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɠɩɟɨɩɫɛɢɩɝɩ Ƚɩɨɣ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɬɭɫɛɳɠɨɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɞɫɛɜɮɝɛɨɨɺɧɣ ʀ ɫɩɢɩɫɠɨ ɨɺɧɣ ɭɛ ɝɣɥɦɣɥɛɦɣ ɩɬɮɟ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ǸțȭȔȖȗ ȕȎȚȜȘ ȡ ǹȪȐȜȐȳ

Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêà äåðæàâà

165

Ɏ ɫ Ɇɠɝ ɝɭɫɮɭɣɝɬɺ ɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢɛ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ Ʌɫɛɥʀɝ ɬɷɥɩɹ ɢɠɧɦɠɹ ɇɛɦɩɪɩɦɷɴɠɹ ɟɠ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɨɠ ɢɛ ɦɣɳɣɦɩɬɺ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɥɛ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɨɠ ɧɛɹɲɣ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɣ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩʁ ɢɨɛɭʀ Ɇɠɝ ɢɛɢɨɛɝ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ɋɩɢɞɨʀɝɛɨɣɤ ɨɠɝɟɛɲɠɹ ɝʀɨ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɝ ɢɛ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɮ ɱʀɨɮ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɭɣ ɴɩɬɷ ɟɩ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩ ɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɉɜ·ɾɥɭɩɧ ɢɛɢʀɰɛɨɷ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɬɭɛɦɛ Ɇɹɜɦʀɨɬɷɥɛ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɺɥɛ ɥɩɦɣɬɷ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɦɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɛɭɷɥɩɝʀ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ʀ ɭɮɭ ɤɩɧɮ ɨɠ ɪɩɴɛɬɭɣɦɩ Ɇɹɜɦʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɪʀɟ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɦɣɳɠ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɫɩɥʀɝ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ Ɇɠɝ ɮɭɫɛɭɣɝ Ɋɩɨɣɢɢɺ ɺɥɠ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɦɩ ɪʀɟ ɜɠɢɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨɹ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɭɠɧɨɣɥɛ Ɉɩɞɛɺ ɺɥɣɤ ɟɩ ɥʀɨɱɺ ɬɭɩɦʀɭ ɭɺ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɝɛɝ ɢɨɛɲɨɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɂɩɦɩɭɩʁ ɉɫɟɣ Ȱɟɣɨɣɧ DZȓȞȏ ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞȎ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɧɠɨɳ ɬɠɫɤɩɢɨɣɧ ɮɬɪʀɰɩɧ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɜɮɦɩ ɝʀɟɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɝ ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȜȑȜ ;,9 ȟȠ

Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɣ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɂɛɥɛɫɪɛɭɭɺ ɢ ɱɠɨɭɫɩɧ ɮ ɇɮɥɛɲɠɝʀ ɂɛ ɫɩɥɣ ɜɠɢɦɛɟɨɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɹɝɛɨɨɺ Ɇɠɝɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɦɣ Ɏ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɛɰ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɡɩɟɨɩʁ ɢɞɛɟɥɣ ɪɫɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ʀɢ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɫɩɢɜɮɟɩɝɣ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ɋɩɝɨɩɹ ɪɫɩɭɣɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɹ Ɇɠɝɛ ɜɮɝ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɩɝɣɲ ² ɫɫ Ɍɝɩɾ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɲɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɝʀɨ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ ɪɫɩɱɝʀɭɛɹɲɣɧ ɋɩɢɝɣɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦɺ ʀ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɛ ɂɛ ɬɪɫɣɺɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɳɣɫɩɥɠ ɜɮɟʀɝ ɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɱɠɫɥɩɝ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀɝ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ Ȳ ɨɠ ɝɣɪɛɟɥɩɝɩ ɴɩ ɝʀɟ ɪɩ ɲɛɭɥɮ ɐȲ9 ɬɭ ɱɠɨɭɫ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɋɮɬʀ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɬɭɣɝɬɺ ɟɩ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ɏ ɭɩɞɩɲɛɬɨɩɧɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɳɛ ɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɺɥ ɧɮɟɫɩɞɩ ʀ ɬɪɫɛɝɠɟɦɣɝɩɞɩ ɪɫɛ ɝɣɭɠɦɺ Ɏ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɤ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɱʀ ɝʀɨ ɝʀɟɟɛ ɝɛɝ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɞɮ ɟɣɪɦɩɧɛɭʀʁ ɛɦɠ ɨɠ ɮɨɣɥɛɝ ʀ ɝʀɤɨ ɥɩɦɣ ɪɩ ʀɨɳɩɧɮ ɢɛɦɛɞɩɟɣɭɣ ɬɪɫɛɝɮ ǽȎȚ·ȭȠțȖȘ ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞȡ ǰȎȟȖșȪȘȜȐȖȥȡ ȡ ǸȎȚ·ȭțȤȳ ǽȜȒȳșȪȟȪȘȜȚȡ ɜɮɦɩ ɨɠɧɩɡɦɣɝɩ Ɇʀɭɩɪɣɬ ɪɫɩ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɩɝɣɲɛ ʀ ɺɭɝɺɞʀɝ Ɋʀɟ ɫ ɮ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɮ ɝɧʀɴɠɨɩ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɪɫɩ ɭɠ ɺɥ ©Ɋɫɣɬɦɛɦɣ ɺɭɝɺ ɞɣ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɩɬɦʀɝ ɟɩ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɭɛɥɠ ɥɛɡɮɲɣ ´Ɋɛɨɠ ɨɛɳ ɥɨɺɢɹ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣ ɧɣɫɠ Ɋɫɣʁɰɛɦɣ ɧɣ ɟɩ ɭɠɜɠ ɝʀɟ ɮɬʀɰ ɺɭɝɺɞʀɝ ɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ȼɩɞɛ ʀ ɨɛ ɭɝɩɾ ɢɟɩɫɩɝ·ɺ Ɋɛɨɠ ɨɠ ɪɩɧɩɫɣ ɨɛɬ >ɞɩɦɩɟɩɧ@ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɡɣ ɨɛɧ ɪɫɩɞɩɟɮɝɛ ɭɣɬɺµ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɪɫɣɬɦɮɰɛɝɬɺ ɟɩ ɜɦɛɞɛɨɷ ʀ ɪɩɬɦɛɝ ʁɧ ɡɣɭɛ ɰɩɲɛ ʀ ɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺɰ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɮɭɮɡɨɩ ɢ ɰɦʀɜɩɧ ȼɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɷ ɋɮɬɷ ʀ ɺɭɝɺɞɣ ɝɩɹɝɛɦɣ ɧʀɡ ɬɩɜɩɹª

I ɑɢɦ ɩɪɨɞɢɤɬɨɜɚɧɨ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɜɱɢɧɨɤ ɤɧɹɡɹ" ɉɪɨ ɹɤɿ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɤɧɹɡɹ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶ ɰɹ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ"

166

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 4

Ɍɝɩɹ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɮ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɢɧɮ ɳɠɨɣɤ ɜɮɝ ɪɩɾɟɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɢ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɩɹ ɢ ɭɺɡɥɩɹ ɨɠɟɮɞɩɹ ɴɩ ɨɠɮɰɣɦɷɨɩ ɪɩɢɜɛɝɦɺɦɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɛɜɣɺɥɣɰ ɬɣɦ ɮ ɧɩɦɩɟʀ ɫɩɥɣ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɮ ɟɝɩɜɩʁ ɪɠ ɫɠɧɛɞɛɝ ɝɠɟɧɠɟɺ ɲɣ ɝɠɪɫɛ Ȼɦɠ ɨɠɢɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɰɝɩɫɩɜɮ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɟɩ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɷɩɞɩ ɥɦɩɪɩɭɛɝɬɺ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɣɧɣ ɬɪɫɛɝɛɧɣ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɜɮɝ ɩɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɨɠɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɪɫɩ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɝ ɨɛɧ ɬɦɩɝɠɬɨɣɤ ɪɩɫ ɭɫɠɭ ©ɑɠɤ ɜɦɛɞɩɫɩɟɨɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ȼɮɝ Ƚɠɡɛ ɟɩɨɡɩɨ ɯɩɫɭɠɱʀ ɮ Ʌɛ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɤ ɨɛ ɢɫʀɬɭ ɓɣɫɩɥɣɤ ɮ ɪɦɠɲɛɰ ɞɛɫɨɣɤ ɧ·ɺɨɱʀ ɨɣɨʀ ɫɛɤɱɠɨɭɫ ȼɫɠɬɭ ɩɜɦɣɲɲɺɧ ɝɩɦɩɬɬɺ ɧɛɝ ɥɮɲɠɫɺɝɠ ȼɩɫɩɟɮ ɝʀɨ ɬɷɥɩʁ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ȼʀɦɩɫɮɬʀ ³ ɪʀɝ ɬɭɫɣɞ ɫɮɥɣ ɤ ɨɩɞɣ ɝ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɣ ɞɛɫɨʀ ɞɩɦɩɬ ɨʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɯɩɫɪɩɬɭʀ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷ ɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɨɣɢɷɥɣɤ Ƚʀɨ ɭɦɮɧɛɲɣɝ ɥɨɣɡɨɠ ɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ ɂɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɛ ɮ ɰ ɫɩɥɛɰ ɪɦɠ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɜɮɝ ɝʀɨ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɯʀɦɩɬɩɯ ɦɛɞʀɟɨɣɤ ɧʀɨɨɣɥɩɧ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɧɣɫɠɨɨɣɤ ɨɠɢɦɩɜɨɣɤ ɪɫɛɝɟɣɝɣɤª Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɩɧ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɩɝɣɲɠɧ Ɋɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɢɛ ɢɛ Ɏ ;,; ɬɭ ʁʁ ɪɩɧɣɦɥɩɝɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛ ɪɩɝʀɭɩɧ ɮɬɪɛɟɥɮɝɛɝ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝ ȿɛɨɣɦɩɝɣɲ ɦɣ ȼʀɦɩɹ ɝɠɡɠɹ ɢɝʀɟɥɣ ɤ ɪɩɰɩ Ƚʀɨ ɪɫɣɦɮɲɣɝ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɟɩ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɟɣɭɷ ɨɛɢɝɛ ȼʀɦɩɝɠɢɷɥɩʁ ɪɮɴʀ Ɇɮɱɷɥɩɞɩ ʀ ɝ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɣɝ ɮ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɫɮɥɛɰ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɣɤ ʀ ɝɩɾɨɨɣɤ ɪɩ ɭɠɨɱʀɛɦ ɑɠ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛ ɬɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɷɨɮ ɬɣɦɮ ɟɦɺ ɢɛɪɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ Ɇɠɝɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɜɮɝ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɫɛɰɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɢ ʀɨɭɠɫɠɬɛɧɣ ɜɫɛɭɛ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝ ɪɫɩɺɝɣɝ ɬɠɜɠ ɺɥ ɧɣɫɩɦɹɜɨɣɤ ʀ ɫɩɢɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɤ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥ Ʉɩɞɩ ɪɩɝɛɡɛɦɣ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦʀ ɛ ɧɛɢɩɝɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɝɣɢɨɛɝ ɬɠɜɠ ɝɛɬɛɦɩɧ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɛ

I ɏɬɨ ɫɬɚɜ ɧɚɳɚɞɤɨɦ Ⱦɚɧɢɥɚ Ƚɚɥɢɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɝɚɥɢɰɶɤɨ ɜɨɥɢɧɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɫɬɨɥɿ" əɤɿ ɡɞɨɛɭɬɤɢ ɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɤɧɹɡɿɜ Ʌɟɜɚ Ⱦɚɧɢɥɨɜɢɱɚ ɿ ȼɨɥɨɞɢɦɢɪɚ ȼɚɫɢɥɶɤɨɜɢɱɚ" əɤɟ ɦɿ ɫɬɨ ɭɜɿɱɧɢɥɨ ɿɦ¶ɹ Ʌɟɜɚ Ⱦɚɧɢɥɨɜɢɱɚ"

ǸțȭȕȪ ȌȞȳȗ ǥ ǹȪȐȜȐȖȥ

Ɋ ɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ əɫʀɺ Ȳ ɂɛɞɣɜɠɦɷ Ȼɨɟɫʀɺ ʀ Ɇɠɝɛ ȲȲ ɉɬɭɛɨɨʀ ɟɠɬɺɭɣɦʀɭɭɺ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɋɩɧɛɨɩɝɣɲʀɝ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɩ ɝʀɟɭɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɜɫɛɥ ɟɡɠɫɠɦ ɛ ɭʀ ɴɩ ʀɬ ɨɮɹɭɷ ɟɛɹɭɷ ʀɨɩɟʀ ɪɫɩɭɣɦɠɡɨʀ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ Ɉɛɝʀɭɷ ɟɛɭɣ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɨɠ ɢɜʀɞɛɹɭɷɬɺ Ɋɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɛ ʀ Ɇɠɝɛ ɜʀɦɷɳɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨɣ ʀ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ ɮɬɪɛɟɥɮɝɛɝ əɫʀɤ Ȳ Ɇɷɝɩɝɣɲ ² ² ɫɫ

əɨɛɱɷɥʀ ɫɩɥɣ əɫʀɺ ɧɣɨɮɦɣ ɝ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɣɰ ɪɩɰɩ ɟɛɰ ʀ ɝʀɤɨɛɰ ɮ ɺɥɣɰ ɝʀɨ ɜɫɛɝ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɢʀ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɜɛɭɷɥɩɧ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɫɩɥɣ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ

Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêà äåðæàâà

167

ɝʀɨ ɪɫɩɝʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɝ ɧɣɫʀ əɫʀɤ ɪɠɫɠ ɨʀɬ ɬɝɩɹ ɬɭɩɦɣɱɹ ɢ ɐɩɦɧɛ ɟɩ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣ ɫɛ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɢ·ɾɟɨɛɝɳɣ Ƚɩɦɣɨɷ ʀ Ⱦɛɦɣɲ ɛɦɠ ɭɩ ɝɡɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɩɝɬʀɧ ʀɨɳɠ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩ ɦɣɨɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɨʀɡ ɢɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ əɫʀɤ ɜɮɝ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɪɩɬɭɮ ɪɣɭɣɬɺ Ɇɣɭɝʀ ȿɩɫɩɞɣɲɣɨɩɧ ɭɛ ȼɠɫɠɬɭɺɧ ǽȓȥȎȠȘȎ ȌȞȳȭ ǥ ǹȪȐȜȐȖȥȎ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ³ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩɹ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨɩɹ ɭɛ Ɇɹɜ ɦʀɨɩɧ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɬɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɪɩɬɦɛɜɦɠɨ ɨɺɧ ɂɩɦɩɭɩʁ ɉɫɟɣ ɮɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɧʀɡɮɬɩɜɨɩʁ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɝ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɨɛɟ Ɋɩɨɣɢɢɺɧ ɫɩɢɳɣɫɣɝɳɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɣ ɛɡ ɟɩ ɞɣɫɦɛ ȿɨʀɬɭɫɛ ʀ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɞɩ ȼɮɞɮ ɭɛ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɣɝɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɢɝɠɫɰɨɩɬɭʀ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɩ ɭɛɭɛɫ Ƚʀɨ ɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɝ ɟɫɮɡɨʀ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨɣ ɢ Ɋɩɦɷɴɠɹ ʀ ɍɠ ɝɭɩɨɬɷɥɣɧ ɩɫɟɠɨɩɧ əɫʀɤ ɟɩɧʀɞɬɺ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɩɥɫɠɧɩʁ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩʁ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɩʁ ɧɣɭɫɩɪɩɦʀʁ ɫ ɢɧʀɱɨɣɝɳɣ ɱɣɧ ɬɝɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɭɛ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɛ ɧɣɭɫɩɪɩɦʀɺ ɧɛɦɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɤ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ Ɇɮɱɷɥɣɤ Ɋɠɫɠɧɣɳɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɍɮɫʀɝ ɬɷɥɣɤ ɐɩɦɧɬɷɥɣɤ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɛɭɣ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɩɜʀɤɧɛɦɛ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɢɛɬɠɦɠɨɩʁ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɍɛɥɣɤ ɥɫɩɥ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɩɟɣɥɭɩɝɛɨɩ ɪɩɟʀɾɹ ɺɥɛ ɬɭɛɦɛɬɺ ɝ ɫ ɥɩɦɣ ɧɣɭɫɩɪɩɦɣɭ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ʀ ɝɬʀɾʁ ɋɮɬʀ ɪɠɫɠɜɫɛɝɬɺ ɟɩ ɇɩɬɥɩɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ɋɠɫɳɣɧ ɧɣɭɫɩɪɩɦɣɭɩɧ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɧ ɜɮɝ ʀɧɩɝʀɫɨɩ ɞɫɠɥ Ɉɣɯɩɨɭ ɛ ɟɫɮɞɣɧ ³ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩɞɩ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɛ Ɋɠɭɫɩ ɺɥɣɤ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɪʀɟ ɭɣɬɥɩɧ ɥɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɛɭɫʀɛɫɰɛ ɪɠɫɠɜɫɛɝɬɺ ɟɩ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɨɛ Ʌɦɺɢɷɧʀ ɚɥ ɬɝʀɟɲɣɭɷ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɰɫɩɨʀɬɭ ɚɨ ȿɦɮɞɩɳ əɫʀɤ ɜɮɝ ©ɦɹɟɣɨɩɹ ɬɪɫɣɭɨɩɹ ʀ ɳɦɺɰɠɭɨɩɹ ɴɠɟɫɩɹ ɟɦɺ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɰ ɩɬʀɜ Ɏ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɋɮɬɷ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɜɦɛɞɛɧɣ ɧɣɫɮ ʀ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɩɞɩ ɟɩɜɫɩɜɮɭɮª Ɋɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ əɫʀɺ Ȳ ɮ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɹ ɢɠɧɦɠɹ ɝɬɭɮɪɣɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɣɨɣ Ȼɨɟɫʀɤ ɭɛ Ɇɠɝ ȲȲ ² ɫɫ ɺɥʀ ɭɣɭɮɦɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ©ȼɩɡɩɹ ɧɣɦʀɬɭɹ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɝɬʀɾʁ ɋɮɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨɣ ʀ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫʀʁª Ɍɝɩɹ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɮ ɜɫɛɭɣ ɬɪɫɺɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɜɩ ɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢɛ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɠ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɉɫɟɣ ɭɛ ɢɛɞɛɫɜɨɣɱɷɥɣɰ ɢɛɢʀɰɛɨɷ ɦɣɭɩɝ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ʉɠɟɣɧʀɨɛ ȿɦɺ ɫɠɛɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɦɛɨʀɝ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɬɩɹɢɨɣɱɷɥʀ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨɣ ɢ Ɋɩɦɷɴɠɹ ʀ ɍɠɝɭɩɨɬɷɥɣɧ ɩɫɟɠ ɨɩɧ ɇʀɡ ² ɫɫ ɭɛ ɝ ɫ ɜɫɛɭɣ ɢɧɩɞɦɣ ɝʀɟɜɣɭɣ ɨɛɪɛɟɣ ɭɛɭɛɫ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɬɭɫɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɨɛɬɭɮɪ ɦɣɭɩɝɱʀɝ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɢ ɜɩʁɝ ɢɛ ɨɠɝʀɟɩɧɣɰ ɩɜɬɭɛɝɣɨ ɲɣ ɭɩ ɢ ɦɣɭɩɝ ɱɺɧɣ ɲɣ ɭɩ ɢ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɛɧɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɛɞɣɨɮɦɣ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɣɝɳɣ ɫʀɟ ɋɩɧɛɨɩɝɣɲʀɝ Ɋɫɠɭɠɨɟɠɨɭʀɝ ɨɛ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɮ ɢɛɞɣɜɦɣɰ ɨɠ ɜɫɛɥɮɝɛɦɩ ɇʀɡ ² ɫɫ ɝ ɫɩɦʀ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ʀ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɠɪʀ Ǹțȭȕȳ ǮțȒȞȳȗ ȠȎ ǹȓȐ ǥǥ

168

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 4

ɢɩɟɣɲɨɩ ɢɞɛɟɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɝɩɾ ɜɫɛɭʀɝ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ʀɢ Ɍʀɦɠɢʀʁ ɨʀɜɣɭɩ ɢɛɪɫɩɳɠɨɣɰ ɜɩɺɫɛɧɣ ɛ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɫ ɥɨɺɡɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɪɩɬʀɝ ɩɜɫɛɨɣɤ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɜɩɺɫɛɧɣ ȼɩɦɠ ɬɦɛɝ ɍɫɩɤɟɠɨɩɝɣɲ ɬɣɨ ɧɛɢɩɝɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ʀ ɬɠɬɭɫɣ ɪɩɥʀɤɨɣɰ ɋɩɧɛɨɩɝɣɲʀɝ ɇɛɫʀʁ əɫʀʁɝɨɣ

I əɤɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɸ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɭ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɜ ɘɪɿɣ ȱ Ʌɶɜɨɜɢɱ" Ʉɨɥɢ ɿ ɹɤ ɩɟɪɟɪɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɿɹ Ɋɨɦɚɧɨɜɢɱɿɜ"

ȌȞȳȗ ,, ǯȜșȓȟșȎȐ

ǽȜșȪȟȪȘȖȗ ȞȖȤȎȞ ȃǥǥǥ²;,9 ȟȠ

Ɋɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ əɫʀɺ ȲȲ ȼɩɦɠɬɦɛɝɛ ȼɩɦɠɬɦɛɝ ɍɫɩɤɟɠɨɩɝɣɲ ɪɩɬʀɝ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ ɝɩɦɣɨ ɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɮ ɲɩɭɣɫɨɛɟɱɺɭɣɫʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɝʀɱʀ Ƚʀɨ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɝ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝ·ɺ ʀ ɬɭɛɝ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɧ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɣɧ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫɠɧ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɪʀɟ ʀɧ·ɺɧ əɫʀɤ ȲȲ ȼɩɦɠɬɦɛɝ ² ɫɫ

Ɋɩɪɫɣ ɬɝɩɾ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɝʀɝ ɛɥ ɭɣɝɨɮ ɛɨɭɣɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɮ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɮ ȿɦɺ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɝʀɨ ɮɥɦɛɝ ɬɩɹɢ ʀɢ Ɇɣɭɝɩɹ ɩɟɫɮɡɣɝɳɣɬɷ ʀɢ ɟɩɲɥɩɹ ɦɣ ɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ʉɠɟɣɧʀɨɛ Ȱɝɯɣɧʀɾɹ ȿɫɮɞɣɤ ɨɛ ɪɫɺɧ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɣ ɝʀɨ ɮɜɛɲɛɝ ɮ ɪɫɩɭɣɟʀʁ ɭɛɭɛɫɛɧ ɟɦɺ ɲɩɞɩ ɮɥɦɛɝ ɬɩɹɢ ʀɢ ɍɠɝɭɩɨɬɷɥɣɧ ɩɫɟɠɨɩɧ ɂɛ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɝɭɫɛɲɠɨɩ ɢɠɧɦʀ ȼɠɫɠɬɭɠɤɴɣ ɨɣ Ɋʀɟɦɺɳɳɺ ɭɛ Ɋɩɨɣɢɢɺ ɐɩɲɛ ɝ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɤ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɱʀ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɠɝɨʀ ɮɬɪʀɰɣ ɧʀɱɨɩʁ ɩɪɩɫɣ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩʁ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɤɳɦɩ Ʌɨɺɢɹ ɟɩɥɩɫɺɦɣ ɢɛ ɨɛɟ ɧʀɫɨɮ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɮ ɧʀɴɛɨ ʀɨɩɢɠɧɱʀɝ ³ ɲɠɰʀɝ ʀ ɨʀɧ ɱʀɝ ɪɩɭɮɫɛɨɨɺ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɩɧɮ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɮ ɴɩ ɬɦʀɟɩɧ ɢɛ ɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɩɬɭɮɝɛɦɩ ɨɛ ɋɮɬɷ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɮɭɣ ɬɥɣ ɝ ɪɫɛɝɛɰ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɠɫɰʀɝɥɣ ɔɩɜ ɮɬɮɨɮɭɣ ɝʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɬɝɛɝʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɜɩɺɫ əɫʀɤ ȲȲ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɝɬɺ ɫɠɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɮ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɥɨɺ ɢʀɝɬɭɝɩɧ ɍɛɥ ɟɩ ɜɩɺɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɫɛɟɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɟɩɦɮɲɠɨɩ ɦɣɳɠ ɭɣɰ ɜɩɺɫ ɴɩ ɜɠɢɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩ ɬɦɮɡɣɦɣ ɥɨɺɢɠɝʀ Ƚɦɛɟɮ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ ɝʀɨ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɝ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɝʀɟɟɛɨɣɧ ɨɛɧʀɬ ɨɣɥɛɧ ɪɛɦɛɭɣɨɛɧ ɺɥʀ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɣɦɣ ɮ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɫɮɥɛɰ ɛɟɧʀɨʀɬɭɫɛɭɣɝɨɮ ɬɮɟɩɝɮ ʀ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɮ ɝɦɛɟɮ əɫʀɤ ȲȲ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɮ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɮ ɧɣɭɫɩɪɩɦʀɹ ɇɣɭɫɩɪɩɦɣɭɩɧ ɬɭɛɝ ɍɠɩɟɩɫ ɉɟɨɛɲɠ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢ ɜɩɺɫɛɧɣ ɥɩɳɭɮɝɛɦɛ əɫʀɹ ȲȲ ɡɣɭɭɺ Ɏ ɫ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɭɫɮɾɨɩ

I ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɥɚ ɫɭɩɟɪɟɱɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɢ ɘɪɿɹ ȱȱ Ȼɨɥɟɫɥɚɜɚ"

Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêà äåðæàâà

169

ȼɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɣ ɭɛ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ɢɛ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɋɛɪɭɩɝɛ ɬɧɠɫɭɷ əɫʀɺ ȲȲ ɨɠ ɟɛɦɛ ɨɩɝʀɤ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɮɭɝɠɫɟɣɭɣɬɺ ɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝʀ ʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɢɟɩɜɣɲɲɹ ɬɮ ɬʀɟɨʀɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɔɠ ɝ ɫ Ɋɩɦɷɴɛ ɭɛ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɛ ɟɩɧɩɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɬɪʀɦɷɨʀ ɟʀʁ ɪɫɩɭɣ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨ ɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ɍɧɠɫɭɷ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɬɣɞɨɛɦɩɧ ɟɩ ɝɭɩɫɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɂɛ ɟɠɺɥɣɧɣ ɬɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺɧɣ əɫʀɤ ,, ȼɩɦɠɬɦɛɝ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɬɧɠɫɭɹ ɝɣɢɨɛɝ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɥɩɧ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩ ɦɺ Ʌɛɢɣɧɣɫɛ ȲȲȲ ² ɫɫ ɍɩɲɨɩ ɨɠɝʀɟɩɧɩ ɲɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɱɠ ɨɛɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɛɦɠ ɝɡɠ ɢɛ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɟɨʀɝ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɥɩɨ ɲɣɨɣ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɺ Ʌɛɢɣɧɣɫ ȲȲȲ ɩɝɩɦɩɟʀɝ Ɇɷɝɩɝɩɧ ɛɦɠ ɝɭɫɣɧɛɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɢɧʀɞ ɨɛɫɛ ǸȜȞȜșȪ ǸȎȕȖȚȖȞ ǥǥǥ ǰȓșȖȘȖȗ Ȳɢ ɦɣɬɭɛ ɪɛɪɣ ȼɠɨɠɟɣɥɭɛ ɐȲȲ ɟɩ ɥɫɛɥʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɫɣɧɩ ɥɛɭɩ ɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɛ ɫ

©Ȳɢ ɪɩɟɛɨɩɞɩ ɟɩ ɨɛɬ ɪɫɩɰɛɨɨɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ʌɛɢɣɧɣɫɛ ȲȲȲ ɫ

ɧɣ ɨɠɴɩɟɛɝɨɩ ɟɩɝʀɟɛɦɣɬɺ ɴɩ ɥɩɦɣ ɬɰɣɢɧɛɭɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɣɤ ɨɛɫɩɟ ɫɮɬɣɨʀɝ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɣ ɩɭɫɮɭɣ ɝɜɣɝ ȼɩɦɠɬɦɛɝɛ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɋɮɬʀ ɬɣɨɛ ɝʀɫɮɹɲɣɰ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝ ʀ ɟɝɩɹɫʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɟɣɲɛ ɢɞɛɟɛɨɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɟɠɺɥɣɰ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ ɺɥʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɬɦɮɰɨɺɨɣɧɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɥɨɺɢɠɝʀ ɢɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɭɩɟʀ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɮɫɛɡɠɨɣɤ ɱɣɧ ɢɦɩɲɣɨɩɧ ʀ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɲɣ ɪɩɧɬɭɣɭɣɬɺ ɢɛ ɥɫɣɝɟɮ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɝʀɫɣ ɨɛɪɛɝ ɢʀ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɧ ɨɛ ɋɮɬɷɥɮ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɴɩɜ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɭɣ ɱɠɤ ɨɛɫɩɟ ɺɥɣɤ ʀ ɤɩɧɮ ɬɛɧɩɧɮ ɢɛɝɟɛɝ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɳɥɩɟɣ Ƚɣɥɩɨɮɹɲɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɩɫɮɲɠɨɨɺ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɮɥɦɛɝ ɟɩɞɩɝʀɫ ʀɢ ɱɣɧ ɬɭɛɫɩɬɭɩɹ ȿɧɣɭɫɩɧ ȿɠɟɷɥɩɧ ɺɥɣɤ ɢɛɬɝʀɟɲɣɝ ɪɫɣɬɺɞɩɹ ɴɩ ɢɜɠɫɠɡɠ ɢɛ ɬɭɛɫɩɬɭɩɹ ʀ ɨɛɫɩɟɩɧ ɮɬʀ ʁɰɨʀ ɩɜɫɺɟɣ ɪɫɛɝɛ ʀ ɢɝɣɲɛʁ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɦɹɾ ɬɮɧɨʀɝ ɲɣ ɟʀɺɭɣɧɠ ɝʀɨ ɭɛɥ ɢɞʀɟɨɩ ɢ ɝɩɦɠɹ ȼɩɞɛ ɍɩɧɮ ɝʀɨ ɪɫɩɬɣɝ ɴɩɜ ɧɣ ɦɛɬɥɛɝɩ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɣɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɝʀɟ ɱʀɾʁ ɪɫɣɬɺɞɣ ȿɜɛɹɲɣ ɪɫɩ ɬɪɛɬʀɨɨɺ ɟɮɳʀ ɢɞɛɟɛɨɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ʀ ɧɛɹɲɣ ɟɩ ɭɠɜɠ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɠ ɟɩɝʀɫ·ɺ ɝ ȼɩɢʀ ɧɣ ɟɩɫɮɲɛɾɧɩ ɛɪɩɬɭɩɦɷ ɬɷɥɩɹ ɞɫɛɧɩɭɩɹ ɴɩɜ ɭɣ ɨɛɳɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɣɝ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɣɬɺɞɣ ɟɩ ɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɰɣɜɨɩɞɩ ɟɩɞɩɝɩɫɮ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɣɝɳɣ ɤɩɧɮ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɮ ɬɪɛɬɠɨɨɮ ɪɩɥɮɭɮª

I ɑɢɦ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɰɶɤɚ ɰɟɪɤɜɚ ɨɛɭɦɨɜɥɸɽ ɜɬɪɭɱɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɥɶɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ ɭ ɫɩɪɚ

ɜɢ Ƚɚɥɢɱɢɧɢ" ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɜɢ ɜɛɚɱɚɽɬɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɠɧɸ ɦɟɬɭ ɩɨɥɶɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɜɬɪɭɱɚɧɧɹ" əɤɭ ɦɟɬɭ ɩɟɪɟɫɥɿɞɭɜɚɜ Ʉɚɡɢɦɢɪ ȱȱȱ ɭɤɥɚɞɚɸɱɢ ɭɝɨɞɭ ɡ Ⱦɦɢɬɪɨɦ Ⱦɟɞɶɤɨɦ" ɑɨɦɭ Ʉɚɡɢɦɢɪ ȱȱȱ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢɜɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɭɝɨɞɢ ɡ Ⱦɟɞɶɤɨɦ" əɤ ɞɨ ɰɿɽʀ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɜɫɹ ɉɚɩɚ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɢɣ"

170

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 4

ǹȖȠȜȐȟȪȘȖȗ ȐȜȴț ;,9 ȟȠ

ǸȜȞȜșȓȐȎ ȍȒȐȳȽȎ ȳ ȘȜȞȜșȪ ȍȽȎȗșȜ

ɢɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɬɣɦɷɨɣɤ ɩɪʀɫ ɧɠɳɥɛɨɱʀɝ ɧʀɬɭɛ ȿɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɜɩɺɫɣ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɢ ȿɧɣɭɫɩɧ ȿɺɟɷɥɩɧ ȿɠɟɷɥɩɧ ɢɝɠɫɨɮ ɦɣɬɺ ɪɩ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɮ ɟɩ ɭɛɭɛɫ Ɏ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɮɭɩɞɩ ɥɩɧɪɫɩɧʀɬɮ Ʌɛɢɣɧɣɫ ȲȲȲ ɜɮɝ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɝɣɢɨɛɭɣ ɝɦɛɟɮ ȿɧɣɭɫɛ ȿɠɟɷɥɛ Ɋʀɟ ɭɣɭɮɦɩɧ ɮɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɺ ɛɜɩ ɬɭɛɫɩɬɭɣ ɋɮɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɝʀɨ ɝɣɢɨɛɝ ɬɠɜɠ ɝɛɬɛɦɩɧ ɩɟɨɩɲɛɬɨɩ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀɰ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫʀɝ ³ Ɇɹɜɛɫɭɛ Ʌɛɢɣɧɣɫɛ ȲȲȲ ʀ ɭɩɞɩɲɛɬ ɨɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɣ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥɛ Ɇɛɤɩɳɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɟɣɪɦɩɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɭɛɦɛɨɭɣ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɛɧɩɢɝɛɨɱɺ ɨɠ ɨɛɟɩɝɞɩ ɝɫɺɭɮɝɛɦɣ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨɣ Ɋɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɝ ² ɫɫ Ʌɛɢɣɧɣɫ ȲȲȲ ɢɧʀɞ ɝʀɟɭɩɫɞɨɮɭɣ ɝʀɟ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɤ ɥɩɨɭɫɩɦɷɩɝɛɨɣɰ ȿɠɟɷɥɩɧ Ɍɺɨɩɱɷɥɮ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɛ ɫ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɝ ɧɛɬɳɭɛɜɨɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝɳɣ Ɇɷɝʀɝ ȼɠɦɢ ɐɩɦɧ ȼɠɫɠɬɭɺ ɭɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɑɹ ɢɛɞɛɫɜɨɣɱɷɥɮ ɥɛɧɪɛɨʀɹ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɨɛɢɝɛɝ ©ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɧ ɪɩɰɩ ɟɩɧª ɪɫɩɭɣ ɬɰɣɢɧɛɭɣɥʀɝ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɣɰ ʀ ɦɣɭɩɝɱʀɝ ɺɢɣɲ ɨɣɥʀɝ Ɉɛɬɭɮɪɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ȼɠɫɠɬɭɠɤɴɣɨɮ ȼɠɦɢɷɥɮ ɭɛ ɐɩɦɧɬɷɥɮ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɪɩɭɛɦɛɨɣɦɩ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɭɣ ɝɩɦɣɨ ɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɥɨɺɢɠɝʀ Ɇɹɜɛɫɭɮ ɺɥɣɤ ɧɛɝ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɪʀɟɬɭɛɝ ɨɛ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥʀɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɪɩɦɺɥɣ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɦɣ ɝ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɨɛɬɭɮɪ ʀ ɢɧɩɞɦɣ ɝʀɟɝɩɹɝɛɭɣ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɂɫɠɳɭɩɹ ɝ ɫ ɧʀɡ Ɋɩɦɷɴɠɹ ɭɛ Ɇɣɭ ɝɩɹ ɜɮɦɩ ɮɥɦɛɟɠɨɩ ɪɠɫɠɧɣɫ·ɺ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨɛ ɝʀɟʀɤɳɦɛ ɟɩ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨɷ ʀɢ ɧʀɬɭɛɧɣ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ Ɇɮɱɷɥ ȼɠɦɢ ɐɩɦɧ ɭɛ ȼɠɫɠɬɭɠɤɴɣɨɩɹ ³ ɟɩ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ɍɛɥɣɤ ɪɩɟʀɦ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɩ ©ɝʀɲɨɣɧ ɧɣɫɩɧª ɫ Ɏ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɝʀɨ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɣɝ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ Ɋɩɦɷɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ɪʀɝɭɩɫɛ ɫɛɢɮ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨɮ ɨɠ ɪɫɣɪɣɨɣɦɛɬɺ Ɉɛ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɠɨɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɛ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɝɢɺɦɛ ɥɮɫɬ ɨɛ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɨɛ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɮ ɪɫɩɝʀɨɱʀɹ ɢ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɧ ɪɫɛɝɩɧ ɭɛ ɛɟɧʀɨʀɬɭɫɛɭɣɝɨɩɹ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɩɹ ɉɟɨɩɲɛɬɨɩ ɢ ɱɣɧ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɮɫɺɟ ɬɣɦɩɹ ɨɛ ɬɛɟɡɮɝɛɝ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɣɢɧ ʀ ɪɠɫɠɳɥɩɟɡɛɝ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɬɦɛɝɨɩʁ ɫɠɦʀɞʀʁ Ɏɡɠ ɝ ɫ ɜɮɦɩ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɠ ɛɫɰʀɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɬɭɝɩ ɢ ɱɠɨɭɫɩɧ ɮ Ɇɷɝɩɝʀ Ɏ ɫ ɥɩɨɬɭɛɨ ɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɛɭɫʀɛɫɰ ɦʀɥɝʀɟɮɝɛɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɮ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɬɦɛɝɨɮ ɧɣɭɫɩɪɩɦʀɹ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ;,9 ɬɭ ɝɩɨɛ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣ ɦɛɬɺ ɛɦɠ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;9 ɬɭ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɜɮɦɛ ɦʀɥɝʀɟɩɝɛɨɛ Ɋɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ Ʌɛɢɣɧɣɫɛ ȲȲȲ Ɋɩɦɷɴɛ ɢɛ ɟɣɨɛɬɭɣɲɨɩɹ ɮɞɩɟɩɹ ɜɮɦɛ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɛ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɭɣ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨɮ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨʀ

Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêà äåðæàâà

171

ȃȞȓȧȓțțȭ ǹȖȠȐȖ Ȟ ȣȡȒ ȍ ǺȎȠȓȗȘȜ

Ɏ ɬɥɦɛɟʀ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɣ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɠ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɧ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺɧ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ɇɹ ɟɩɝʀɥɛ Ɇɛɤɩɳɛ Ɏɞɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɺɥɠ ɝʀɨ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɝ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɣɥɩɝʀ ³ ɬʀɦɠɢɷɥɩɧɮ ɥɨɺɢɹ Ƚɦɛɟɣɬɦɛɝɮ ɉɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɧɮ Ʌɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɠ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɝɛɬɛɦɷɨɩ ɢɛɦɠɡ ɨɣɧ ɝʀɟ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɣ Ɋɫɩɭɠ Ƚɦɛɟɣɬɦɛɝ ɴɩ ɪɫɛɝɣɝ ɮ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨʀ ɝ ² ɫɫ ² ɫɫ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɝ ɪɩɢɜɮɭɣɬɺ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɩɬɭʀ ɝʀɟ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɣ Ƚʀɨ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɝ ɝɦɛɬ ɨɣɤ ɛɪɛɫɛɭ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɥɛɫɜɮɝɛɝ ɝɦɛɬɨɮ ɧɩɨɠɭɮ ɢ ɞɠɫɜɩɧ ʀ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɭɣɭɮɦɮɝɛɝɬɺ ©ɬɛɧɩɟɠɫɡɱɠɧ ɋɮɬʀª ȿɦɺ ɫɠɛɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɦɛɨʀɝ Ƚɦɛɟɣɬɦɛɝ ɬɪɣɫɛɝɬɺ ɨɠ ɨɛ ɧʀɬ ɱɠɝɠ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɠ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɛ ɨɛ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɠɨɱʀɝ ɪɩɦɺɥʀɝ ɨʀɧɱʀɝ ɮɞɩɫɱʀɝ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩ ɨɛɬɛɟɡɮɝɛɝ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɣɢɧ ɍɛɥɛ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɛ ɫɩɜɣɦɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɨɠɪɠɝɨɩɹ ɴɩ ɟɛɦɩ ɢɧɩɞɮ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥɛ ɝ ɫ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɭɣ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨɮ ɂɛɞɛɫ ɜɛɨɨɹ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɝɩɹ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɜɫɛɨɩ ɧɩɦɩɟɳɮ ɟɩɲɥɮ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀ ɥɛ ɚɟɝʀʊɮ ɒɩɦɩɝʀɥɩɧ ɚɟɝʀʊɣ ʀ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɬɭɛɝ ɢɛ ɮɧɩɝɩɹ Ʌɫɠɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɮɨʀʁ ɫ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɚʊɛɤɦɩ Ɋʀɟɪɣɬɮɹɲɣ ɮɨʀɹ ɚʊɛɤɦɩ ɢɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɮɝɛɝɬɺ ©ɨɛɝʀɥ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɭɣ ɝɬʀ ɬɝɩʁ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥʀ ɤ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɟɩ Ʌɩɫɩɨɣ Ɋɩɦɷɬɷɥɩʁª ɍɛ ɥɣɧ ɲɣɨɩɧ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨɛ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨɛ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɦɛ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɮ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ

I əɤɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɜɟɥɢ ɛɨɪɨɬɶɛɭ ɡɚ ɝɚɥɢɰɶɤɨ ɝɨɥɢɧɫɶɤɭ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɭ" əɤɭ ɞɚɬɭ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɜɚɠɚɬɢ ɤɿɧɰɟɦ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ Ƚɚɥɢɰɶɤɨ ȼɨɥɢɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ" əɤɭ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɭ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚ ɉɨɥɶɳɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɚɪɛɚɧɢɯ ɡɟɦɥɹɯ Ƚɚɥɢɱɢɧɢ"

Ƚɩɦɣɨɷ ɢɛ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ɇɹɜɛɫɭɛ Ɇɹɜɛɫɭ ʉɠɟɣɧʀɨɩɝɣɲ " ³ ³ ɬɣɨ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʉɠɟɣ ɧʀɨɛ Ɋɫɣɤɨɺɝ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɮ ɝʀɫɮ ɭɛ ɩɟɫɮɡɣɝɬɺ ɢ ɟɩɲɥɩɹ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ʀ ɝɩɦɩɟɣɧɣ ɫɩ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ȼɨɟɫʀɺ əɫʀɤɩɝɣɲɛ Ⱦɛɨɨɩɹ ȼɮɲɩɹ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɟɣɨɛɬ ɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɳɦɹɜɮ ɪɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɜɫɛɭʀɝ Ȼɨɟɫʀɺ ɭɛ Ɇɠɝɛ əɫʀɤɩɝɣɲʀɝ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɝ Ɍɰʀɟɨɮ Ƚɩɦɣɨɷ ʀɢ Ɇɮɱɷɥɩɧ ɺɥ ɢɺɭɷ ɪɩɧɠɫɦɩɞɩ ʀ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɣɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɱʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ

172

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 4

Ɋɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ əɫʀɺ ȲȲ ȼɩɦɠɬɦɛɝɛ Ɇɹɜɛɫɭ ɬɭɛɝ ɪɠɫ ɳɣɧ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɟɠɨɭɩɧ ɨɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ³ ɝʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɟɺɟɷɥɩɧ ȼɩɦɠɬɦɛɝɛ ɢɛ ɡʀɨɩɲɩɹ ɦʀɨʀɾɹ Ȼɦɠ ɺɥ ɮɡɠ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɦɩɬɺ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ Ʌɛɢɣɧɣɫ ,,, Ƚɠɦɣ ɥɣɤ ɨɠɞɛɤɨɩ ɢɛɤɨɺɝ Ɋɠɫɠɧɣɳɦɷɬɷɥɮ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɩɝɩɦɩɟʀɝ ʀ Ɇɷɝɩɝɩɧ Ȳɢ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɧɩɧɠɨɭɮ ɝ Ɇɹɜɛɫɭɛ ʉɠ ɟɣɧʀɨɩɝɣɲɛ ɢɛɝ·ɺɢɛɦɛɬɺ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɬɩɫɩɥɩɫʀɲɨɛ ɬɮɪɠɫɠɲ ɥɛ ɢ Ʌɛɢɣɧɣɫɩɧ ɢɛ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɮ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ȼɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɝɠɦɛɬɺ ɢ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɨɨɣɧ ɮɬɪʀɰɩɧ ɂɛ ©Ƚʀɲɨɣɧ ɧɣɫɩɧª ɫ Ɇɹɜɛɫɭɩɝʀ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɝɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ Ɇɮɱɷɥ ɋɠɳɭɮ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɝ ɉɦɠɥɬɛɨɟɫ ǹȬȏȎȞȠ Ʌɩɫʀɛɭɩɝɣɲ ɺɥ ɨɛɧʀɬɨɣɥ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ȼɦɠ Ɇɹɜɛɫɭ ɨɠ ɢɧɣɫɣɝɬɺ ɢ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɩɹ Ɍɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɝ ɳɣɬɷ ɬɧɠɫɭɹ Ʌɛɢɣɧɣɫɛ ɭɛ ɪɫɣɬɮɭɨʀɬɭɹ ɨɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩ ɰɩɫɩɨʀ ɉɦɠɥɬɛɨɟɫɛ Ʌɩɫʀɛɭɩɝɣɲɛ ɝʀɨ ɦɠɞɥɩ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ʀ ɢɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɝ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɢɛɧɩɥ Ɏ ɫ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɢɛɪɠɥɦɩʁ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ Ɇɹɜɛɫɭ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɝ ɬɩɜʀ ɤ Ⱦɛ ɦɣɲɣɨɮ Ȼɦɠ ɝɡɠ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ Ɇɹɜɛɫɭɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨɮ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɢɟɩɜɮɦɣ ɪɩɦɺɥɣ Ɉɠɢɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɭɺɡɥʀ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɟɩɜɛ Ɇɹɜɛɫɭɛ ɧɛɦɛ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ Ƚʀɨ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ Ʌɠɤɬɭɮɭɩɧ ɜɮɝ ɨɛɤɧʀɱɨʀɳɣɧ ʀɢ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɮɟʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɟɝɩɰ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɣɧɣ ɫɛɟɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɉɦɷʊɠɫɟɛ ©Ɇɹ ɜɛɫɭ ³ ɪɣɬɛɝ ɇ Ⱦɫɮɳɠɝɬɷɥɣɤ ³ ɢɜɠɫʀɞ ɟɦɺ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ ɝɣɨɺɭɥɩɝɠ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɠ ɝɩɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ´ɢɩɝɬʀɧ ɩɬʀɜɨɣɧ ɬɝʀ ǸțȭȕȪ ǸȓȗȟȠȡȠ ɭɩɧµ ɨɠ ɬɰɩɡɣɧ ɨɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɠª Ɇɹɜɛɫɭ ɟɜɛɝ ɪɫɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɜɮɝ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɨɩɞɩ ɧɮɫɩɝɛɨɩɞɩ ɢɛɧɥɮ ɝ Ɇɮɱɷɥɮ ɢɝɩɟɣɝ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɪɩɜɮɟɮɝɛɝ ɧʀɬɭɩ Ɇɹɜɛɫ Ȼ ɨɛɤɞɩɦɩɝɨʀɳɠ ³ ɢɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɹ ɝɛɨɨɺ Ƚɩɦɣɨɷ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɛɬɺ ɫɮɬɷɥɩɹ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɹ ɢɠɧɦɠɹ ɢɛ ɬɮɭɭɹ

I əɤɢɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɢɣ ɡɞɨɛɭɬɨɤ ɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɤɧɹɡɹ Ʌɸɛɚɪɬɚ"

ǹȡȤȪȘ

Ȳ ɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɝʀɟʀ ɞɫɛɦɩ ɨɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɬɭʀ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟɮ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɬɛɧɠ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɬɭɝɩ ɮɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷ ɬɷɥɩʁ ɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɮɝɛɦɩ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨʀɬɭɷ

Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêà äåðæàâà

173

ʀ ɨɠɪɠɫɠɫɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɣɱɷɥɣɰ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɤ ɨɛ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ Ƚɩɨɩ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɱɠɨɭɫ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɭɛ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɺɥɣɤ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɮɝɛɝ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɤ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɺɦɩ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɨɠɝɩɦɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɛɬɣɧʀɦɺɱʀʁ ɢ ɜɩɥɮ Ɇɣɭɝɣ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɣ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɂɩɦɩɭɩʁ ɉɫɟɣ Ɍɝɩʁɧɣ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɛɧɣ ɢ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩɹ ɭɛ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩɹ Ȱɝɫɩɪɩɹ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɛ ɟɩɦɮɲɠɨɨɹ ɟɩ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɩɟɨɩɲɛɬɨɩ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɹɲɣ ɝɦɛɬɨɮ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫ ɨɮ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɹ ɴɩ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɝɛɦɛ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀʁ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ȼɂɋɇɈȼɄɂ ȿɫɮɞɛ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɛ ɐȲȲȲ ² ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɐȲ9 ɬɭ ³ ɨɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɂɛ ɱɠɤ ɲɛɬ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɪɫɩɤɳɦɩ ɳɦɺɰ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɩɞɩ ɪʀɟɨɠɬɠɨɨɺ ɢɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɟɩ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟɮ ɥɩɦɣ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɩɧ ɢɛɢʀɰɛɨɷ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɍɛɥɣɤ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɤ ɳɦɺɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɜɮɝ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɣɤ ɫʀɢɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɛɧɣ ɺɥ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɧɣ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɧɣ Ɋɩɬɭʀɤɨɛ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨɺ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɥɛ ɛ ɪɩɟɠɥɮɟɣ ɤ ɨɠɫɩɢɬɮɟɦɣɝɛ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɛ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɣ ɟɩ ɭɛɥɩɞɩ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɮ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɺɥ ɮ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝʀ ɪɠɫɠɫɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɟɣɨɛɬ ɭʀɺ ɋɩɧɛɨɩɝɣɲʀɝ ɝɩɨɩ ɪɩɲɛɦɩ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟɛɭɣ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɛ ɧɣ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɣ ɜɩɺɫɬɷɥɠ ɬɝɛɝʀɦɦɺ ɭɛ ɛɞɫɠɬʀɺ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ³ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɣ ɭɛ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ɉɭɫɮɾɨɨɺ əɫʀɺ ȲȲ ȼɩɦɠɬɦɛɝɛ ɨɠ ɟɛɦɩ ɮɭɝɠɫɟɣɭɣɬɺ ɨɩɝʀɤ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ɂʀ ɬɧɠɫɭɹ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɧʀɡ Ɋɩɦɷɴɠɹ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɩɹ ɭɛ Ɇɣɭɝɩɹ ɫɩɢɞɩɫʀɦɛɬɺ ɢɛɪɠɥɦɛ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢɛ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɮ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɮ ɂɫɠɳ ɭɩɹ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨɮ ɢɛɞɛɫɜɛɦɛ Ɋɩɦɷɴɛ ɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨɷ ³ Ɇɣɭɝɛ Ɏ ɬɥɦɛɟʀ Ɇɣɭɝɣ Ƚɩɦɣɨɷ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ɇɹɜɛɫɭɛ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɦɛ ɬɝʀɤ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɤ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɤ

ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ ɭɩɟʀ ɺɥ ɮ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨʀ ɝʀɨ ɨɠɴɛɟɨɩ ɨɣɴɣɝɬɺ ɁȺɄɊȱɉɂɆɈ ɁɇȺɇɇə ȅȖ ȞȜȕȟȡȒșȖȐȜȬ ȏȡșȎ ȝȜșȳȠȖȘȎ ǹȓȐȎ DzȎțȖșȜȐȖȥȎ" ȅȖȚ ȏȡșȜ ȕȡȚȜȐșȓțȳ țȓȜȒțȜȞȎȕȜȐȳ ȟȝȞȜȏȖ ȡȠȐȜȞȖȠȖ ȜȘȞȓȚȡ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȡ ȝȞȎȐȜȟșȎȐțȡ ȚȖȠȞȜȝȜșȳȬ" ǽȞȜȟșȳȒȘȡȗȠȓ ȕȚȳțȖ ȕȜȐțȳȦțȪȜȴ ȝȜșȳȠȖȘȖ ȑȎșȖȤȪȘȜ ȐȜșȖțȟȪȘȖȣ ȘțȭȕȳȐ ȝȜȥȖțȎȬȥȖ ȐȳȒ DzȎțȖșȎ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜȑȜ ȍȘ Ȥȓ ȐȳȒȜȏȞȎȔȎșȜȟȭ țȎ ȟȠȎțȜȐȖȧȳ ȒȓȞȔȎȐȖ" ȅȜȚȡ ȕȎțȓȝȎșȜ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜ ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȓ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȜ" ǿȘșȎȒȳȠȪ ȣȞȜțȜșȜȑȳȬ ȝȞȎȐșȳțțȭ ȘțȭȕȳȐ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜ ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȜȑȜ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȎ ȕ ȒȖțȎȟȠȳȴ ǾȜȚȎțȜȐȖȥȳȐ ȍȘȓ ȳȟȠȜȞȖȥțȓ ȕțȎȥȓțțȭ ȳȟțȡȐȎțțȭ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜ ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȜȴ ȒȓȞȔȎȐȖ" ȅȖ ȚȎșȜ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜ ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȓ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȜ ȦȎțȟ ȕȎ ȠȖȣ ȡȚȜȐ ȕȏȓȞȓȑȠȖ ȟȐȜȬ țȓȕȎșȓȔțȳȟȠȪ" ǿȐȜȬ ȐȳȒȝȜȐȳȒȪ ȜȏȽȞȡțȠȡȗȠȓ

§ 20. ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ ÃÀËÈÖÜÊÎ-ÂÎËÈÍÑÜÊί ÄÅÐÆÀÂÈ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ʌɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɾ ɬɥɦɛɟɩɝɩɹ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɩɹ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɋɮɬʀ Ɋɫɣ ɭɩɧɮ ɝɩɨɛ ɝʀɟɲɮɭɨɩ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɧɛɹ ɲɣ ɝɦɛɬɨʀ ɬɛɧɩɜɮɭɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɭɛ ɩɫɣɞʀɨɛɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ Ɉɛɝʀɭɷ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɩʁ ɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɛ ɋɮɬɷ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɬɭɛɝɛɦɛ ɮ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨɩ ɧɮ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɝʀɟ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɛ ɝ ɫɺɟʀ ɝɣɪɛɟɥʀɝ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝɴɣɨɩɹ ɭɝɩɫɲɣɰ ɢɟɩɜɮɭɥʀɝ ɴɩ ɢɜɛɞɛɭɣɦɣ ɝɬɹ ɭɩɞɩɲɛɬɨɮ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɮ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɮ Ʌɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɩɹ ɟɦɺ ɝɪɦɣɝʀɝ ɢɛ ɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɭɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫ ɛɦɠ ɪɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɨɠ ɝɭɫɛɲɛɦɛ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɬɪɠɱɣɯʀɥɣ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɮ ɫɠɞʀɩɨɮ ɧɛɦɛ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɺɥɛ ɪɩɪɫɣ ɪɩ ɦʀɭɣɲɨʀ ɨɠɞɛɫɛɢɟɣ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɦɛ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨʀ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀʁ Ʌɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɩɟɨʀɾɹ ɢʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɩɝɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ Ɉɠɢɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɫɣɬɣ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɰ ʀ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ ʁɰɨʀɤ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɩɟɨɩɲɛɬɨɩ ɛ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɭɩɭɩɡɨɣɧɣ ɑɠ ɟɛɾ ɢɧɩɞɮ ɝɲɠɨɣɧ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɟɛɭɣ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɮ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɺɥ ɱʀɦʀɬ ɨɣɤ ɯɠɨɩɧɠɨ ɉɬɝʀɭɛ ȿɦɺ ɪɩɭɫɠɜ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ʀ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɮɭɝɠɫɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɝʀɫɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨʀ ɞɫɛɧɩɭɨʀ ɭɛ ɩɬɝʀɲɠɨʀ ɦɹɟɣ ɉɬɝʀɭɛ ɨɛ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɰ ʀ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɝɛɦɛ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀʁ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ɋɫɣ ɱɠɫɥɝɛɰ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɪɫɣ ɧɩɨɛɬ ɭɣɫɺɰ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɛɯɠɟɫɛɰ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɳɥɩɦɣ ȿɩ ɨɣɰ ɪɫɣɤɧɛɦɣ ɰɦɩɪɲɣɥʀɝ ʀɢ ɬɠɧɣ ɫɩɥʀɝ Ɋɫɩɤɳɩɝɳɣ ɥɮɫɬ ɨɛɝɲɛɨɨɺ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɦɣ ɪɣɬɛɫɲɮɥɛɧɣ ɮ ɥɨɺ ɢʀɝɬɷɥʀɤ ɛɜɩ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɬɷɥʀɤ ɥɛɨɱɠɦɺɫʀʁ ɬɭɛɝɛɦɣ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɛɜɩ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɝɛɦɣ ɬɪɫɛɝɮ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝ Ɋɩɳɣɫɠɨɣɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɤ ɨɛɝ ɲɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɟɩɧɮ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɟɦɺ ɟʀɭɠɤ ɜɩɺɫ ɴɩ ɧɠɳɥɛɦɣ ɝ ɢɛɧʀɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɛɟɣɜɛɰ Ɉɛ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɰ ʀ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɭɛɥɩɡ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɜʀɜɦʀɩɭɠɥɣ ɪɫɣ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣ ɫɺɰ ʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɛɦɛɭɛɰ ɟɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɞɦɣɜɣɭɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ Ȱ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɥɨɣɞɩɢɜʀɫɨɹ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɩɝɣɲɛ ɂɨɛɤɟɠɨʀ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭɣ ɟɦɺ ɪɣɬɷɧɛ ɨɛɪɣ DZȞȎȢȳȠȳ țȎ ȟȠȳțȎȣ ȤȓȞȘȐȖ ɬɣ ɨɛ ɬɭʀɨɛɰ ɱɠɫɥɩɝ ɜɠɫɠɬɭʀ ɫɠɲɛɰ ɢɜɫɩʁ ǿȐ ǽȎțȠȓșȓȗȚȜțȎ

Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêà äåðæàâà

175

ɭɛ ɢɨɛɫɺɟɟɺɰ ɪɫɛɱʀ ɧʀɭɥɣ ɢɛɬɝʀɟɲɮɹɭɷ ɴɩ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɥɮɪɱʀɝ ɜɩɺɫ ʀ ɟɫɮ ɡɣɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɛ ɞɫɛɧɩɭɨʀɬɭɷ ȼɫɩɨɢɩɝʀ ɭɛ ɥʀɬɭɺɨʀ ɪɣɬɛɦɛ ɟɦɺ ɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɝɩɬɥɩɝɣɰ ɭɛɜɦɣɱɺɰ ɛɫɰɠɩɦɩɞɣ ɢɨɛɤɳ ɦɣ ɮ ɂɝɠɨɣɞɩɫɩɟʀ Ɋɠɫɠɧɣɳɦʀ Ⱦɛɦɣɲʀ ȼɠɫɠɬɭʀ ȼɫɠɬɭʀ ɜɠɫɠɬɭɺɨʀ ɞɫɛɧɩɭɣ ³ ɮ ɂɝɠɨɣɞɩɫɩɟʀ ɭɛ ȼɠɫɠɬɭʀ ɂɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ ɤ ɪɠɫɞɛɧɠɨɭɨʀ ɞɫɛɧɩɭɣ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ǯȓȞȓȟȠȭțȎ ȑȞȎȚȜȠȎ ȕ ȝȖȟȎșȎȚȖ Ɋɫɩ ɢɨɛɲɨɠ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ ɪɫɣ ɨɛɤɧɨʀ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɢɛɧɩɡɨɣɰ ɥʀɦ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɩɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɥɩɝɛɨɩ ɬɝʀɟɲɛɭɷ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɥɣ ɟɛɝɨɷɩ ɫɮɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɣɬɠɧɨɩɬɭʀ ɐȲȲ²ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ Ɏ ɡɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬʀ ɥɫʀɧ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩ ɞɩ ɨɠɧɩɡɦɣɝɩ ɢɨɛɤɭɣ ɭɛɥɮ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɢɞɛɟɩɥ ɪɫɩ ɪɣɬɱʀɝ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥʀ ɥɛɨɱɠɦɺɫʀʁ ɛɫɰʀɝɣ ɞɫɛɧɩɭɣ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɭɣ ɥɮɪɲʀ ɭɩɴɩ

I ɓɨ ɽ ɫɜɿɞɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɪɿɜɧɹ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɜ Ƚɚɥɢɰɶɤɨ ȼɨɥɢɧɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɤɧɹɡɿɜɫɬɜɿ"

Ɇʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ʀ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ ȿɩ ɨɛɳɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɨɠ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɥɣ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥɩʁ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩ ɦɣɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɋɮɬʀ ɰɩɲɛ ʁɰɨɾ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ³ ɜɠɢɬɮɧɨʀɝɨɠ ȿɩ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɭɝɩɫʀɝ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɟɩɬɦʀɟ ɨɣɥɣ ɢɛɫɛɰɩɝɮɹɭɷ ©Ɋɩɝʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɩ ɩɬɦʀɪɦɠɨɨɺ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɛª Ɇʀɭɩɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ ɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝʀ ɧɛɦɩ ɬɝɩʁ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɉɟɨʀ ɟɩ ɬɦʀɟɨɣɥɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɴɩ ɝɩɨɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɠɨɨɺɧ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɤ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɱʀɝ ʀɨɳʀ ɬɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɹɭɷ ɴɩ ɭɮɭ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɢɩɝɬʀɧ ʀɨɳɛ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɺ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɪɩɝʀ ɬɭɠɤ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥɣɰ ɡɣɭʀɤ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɺɥʀ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɩ ɝ ɾɟɣɨɣɤ ɭɝʀɫ Ɉɛɤɫɛɨɨʀɳɩɹ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɨɩɹ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɥɩɹ ɥɫɛɹ ɾ ©Ɋɩɝʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɩ ɩɬɦʀɪɦɠɨɨɺ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷ ɥɛª ɨɛɪɣɬɛɨɛ ɫ ɨɠɝʀɟɩɧɣɧ ɛɝɭɩɫɩɧ Ɏ ɨʀɤ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɭɫɛɞʀɲɨɮ ɟɩɦɹ ɭɠɫɠɜɩɝɦɺɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɛɬɣɦɷɥɛ ɋɩɬɭɣ ɬɦɛɝɣɲɛ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɩɬɦʀɪɣɝ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ Ɉɛɤɺɬɥɫɛɝʀɳɩɹ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɥɩɹ ɦʀɭɩɪɣ ɬɛɨɨɺ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɾ ©Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬª ǼȏȘșȎȒȖțȘȎ ȟȡȥȎȟțȜȑȜ ȐȖȒȎțțȭ Ƚʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɢɨɛɤɟɠɨɣɤ ɮ ɫ ɝɣɟɛɭɨɣɧ ɫɩ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜ ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȜȑȜ șȳȠȜȝȖȟȡ ɬʀɤɬɷɥɣɧ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɩɧ ɇ Ʌɛɫɛɧɢʀɨɣɧ I ȼɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɹɤɢɣ ɝɟɪɛ Ƚɚɥɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝʀɬɭɹ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɮ ɾ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɝʀɨ ɬɪɠɫ ɡɟɦɥɿ ɚ ɹɤɢɣ ² ȼɨɥɢɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɳɮ ɜɮɝ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɨɣɧ ɭɝɩɫɩɧ ɜɠɢ ɪɩɟʀɦɮ

176

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 4

ɨɛ ɫɩɥɣ ɐɫɩɨɩɦɩɞʀɹ ɝ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɪɫɩɬɭɛɝɣɦɣ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɪɠɫɠɪɣɬɮɝɛɲʀ ɛɦɠ ɢ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧɣ ɪɩɧɣɦɥɛɧɣ ɉɥɫʀɧ ɰɮɟɩɡɨɷɩʁ ɬɛɧɩɜɮɭɨɩɬɭʀ ɝʀɨ ɝɣɫʀɢɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɣɧ ɢɧʀɬɭɩɧ Ɇʀɭɩɪɣɬɱʀ ɺɥɣɰ ɨɛ ɟɮɧɥɮ ɝɲɠɨɣɰ ɜɮɦɩ ɨɠ ɧɠɨɳɠ ɪ·ɺɭɣ ɝɧʀɦɩ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɹɭɷ ɫɣɬɣ ɭɩɞɩɲɛɬɨɩʁ ɠɪɩɰɣ ɟɠɭɛɦʀ ɨɠɬɪɩɥʀɤɨɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ Ɇʀɭɩɪɣɬ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɟɝɩɰ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɰ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɢɛ ɩɜɬɺɞɩɧ ʀ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɩɧ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ Ɇʀɭɩɪɣɬɮ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɩɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɟʀʁ ² ɫɫ ʀ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɮ ² ɫɫ Ɇʀɭɩɪɣɬ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɢ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɪɩɝʀɬɭɠɤ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɣ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛ ɨʀ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɣɧɣ ɮɥɦɛɟɛɲɛɧɣ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩɹ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɩɹ ɭɝɩɫɮ ɾ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɥɨɺɢɺ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ Ɇʀɭɩɪɣɬ ɟɛɾ ɳɣɫɩɥɮ ɥɛɫɭɣɨɮ ɪɩɟʀɤ ʀ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɣ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ɉɫɟɣ Ƚʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɮ ³ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɾɟɣɨɠ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɩ ɺɥɠ ɟɛɾ ɢɧɩɞɮ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɝʀɟɭɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɝ ɇɛɢɩɝɠɱɷɥɩɧɮ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝʀ ɭɛ Ɇɣɭɝʀ ɭɩɞɩ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɮ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɮ ɝʀɟɢɨɛɲɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɹ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɨɩɹ ɟɩɝɠɫɳɠɨʀɬɭɹ ɠɧɩɱʀɤɨʀɬɭɹ ɭɛ ɦʀɫɣɢɧɩɧ ɝɣɥɦɛɟɮ ɍɮɭ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɮɝɛɞɣ ɪɫɣɟʀɦɠɨɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨɣ ɤ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ Ȳɟɠɤɨɩ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬ ɜɮɝ ɬɪɫɺɧɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɜɩɺɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɝɛɝʀɦɦɺ ʀ ɪɫɩɬɦɛɝɦɺɝ ɫɮɬɷɥɮ ɢɜɫɩɹ ʀ ɋɮɬɷɥɮ ɢɠɧɦɹ Ɇʀɭɩɪɣɬ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɾ ɱʀɨɨɣɧ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɩɧ ɟɦɺ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɧɩɝɣ ɛɟɡɠ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɣɰ ɟɦɺ ɨɠʁ ɬɦʀɝ ɢɝɩɫɩɭʀɝ ɪɫɣɬɦʀɝ·ʁɝ

I əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɥɿɬɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɜ Ƚɚɥɢɰɶɤɨ ȼɨɥɢɧɫɶɤɿɣ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɿ" Ȼɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɛ Ɉɛɺɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɧɮɫɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɜɮɟʀɝɠɦɷ ɾ ɝɛɞɩɧɣɧ ɬɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɭɩɞɩ ɲɣ ɭɩɞɩ ɫɠɞʀɩɨɮ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥʀ ɭɛ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɜɛɞɛɭʀ ɨɛ ɧɮɫɩɝɛɨʀ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɣ ɰɫɛɧɣ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɬɷɥʀ ɪɛɦɛɱɣ ɢɛɧɥɣ ɮɥɫʀɪɦɠɨʀ ɟɝɩɫɣ ɜɩɺɫ Ɍɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɧɮɫɩɝɛɨɣɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɰɫɛɧɣ ʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥʀ ɪɛɦɛɭɣ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɧɮɫɩɝɛɨʀ ɰɫɛɧɣ ɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨʀ ɭɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɫɛɨɩ ³ ʀɢ ɥʀɨɱɺ Ȳɐ ² ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɐ ɬɭ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɩ ɝɪɦɣɝɩɧ ɲɠɬɷɥɩʁ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɣ Ȼɦɠ ɨɛ ɡɛɦɷ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɮ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɰɫɛɧʀɝ ɥʀɨ ɱɺ Ȳɐ²ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɨɛɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɝɭɫɛɲɠɨɩ Ɏ ɐȲȲ²ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɛ ʀ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɛ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɨʀ ɳɥɩɦɣ Ɉɛ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɲɣɰ ɝʀɟɲɮɭ ɨɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɬɪɫɛɝɣɦɛ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɛ ɳɥɩɦɛ ɛ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥʀ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɩɫɣ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɺɥ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀʁ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɨɛɟɜɛɨɨɺ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɧɛɤɬɭɫʀɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɢɜɠɫɠɡɠɨɣɰ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɧɩɨɮɧɠɨɭɛɦɷ ȁȟȝȓțȟȪȘȖȗ ȟȜȏȜȞ ȡ ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞȳ ɨɣɰ ɬɪɩɫɮɟ ɾ Ɏɬɪɠɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɩɜɩɫ ɮ ȽɩɦɩǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȜȚȡ ȟȡȥȎȟțȖȗ ȐȖȑșȭȒ

177

Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêà äåðæàâà

ɟɣɧɣɫʀ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ Ƚʀɨ ɢɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɮ ɫ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɛɧɣ ɢɛ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɧ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɛ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝɩɝɣɲɛ ɑɺ ɳɠɬɭɣ ɬɭɩɝɪɨɛ ɩɟɨɩɥɮɪɩɦɷɨɛ ɜɮɟʀɝɦɺ ɧɛɾ ɪɫɩ ɬɭɣɤ ɛɦɠ ɝɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɝɠɦɣɲɨɣɤ ɝɣɞɦɺɟ Ʉɩɞɩ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɥ ³ Ɏɬɪɠɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɩɜɩɫ ɮ Ⱦɛɦɣɲʀ ɢɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɩɧ ɉɬɧɩ ɧɣɬɦɩɧ ɫ ³ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɬɺ ɟɩ ɨɛɳɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɦɣɳɠ ɮ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀ ɫɮʁɨ ɑɠ ɜɮɝ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɬɭɩɝɪɨɣɤ ɩɟɨɩɥɮɪɩɦɷɨɣɤ ɰɫɛɧ ɩɭɩɲɠɨɣɤ ɞɛɦɠɫɠɺɧɣ ʀ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɠɨɣɤ ɜʀɦɩɥɛɧ·ɺɨɩɹ ɫʀɢɷɜɩɹ Ƚʀɨ ɾ ɺɬɥɫɛɝɣɧ ɝɣɫɛɢɨɣɥɩɧ ɞɛ ɦɣɱɷɥɩʁ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɨɩʁ ɳɥɩɦɣ ɺɥɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɢɛɪɩɢɣɲɮɝɛɦɛ ɢ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɩɞɩ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɫɩ ɧɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɭɣɦɹ Ɏ Ⱦɛɦɣɲʀ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɨɠ ɢ ɱɠɞɦɣ ɛ ɢ ɧʀɬ ɱɠɝɩɞɩ ɥɛɧɠɨɹ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɲɣ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɪɩɫɩɟɣ ɛɦɠɜɛɬɭɫɮ ʀ ɝɛɪɨɺɥɮ Ɉɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɛɫɰɠɩɦɩɞɣ ɢɨɛɤɳɦɣ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɭɫɣɟ ɱɺɭɣ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɣɰ ɜɮɟʀɝɠɦɷ ȿɩ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭɠɤ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩʁ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɣ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɩɜɦɣɱɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɭʀɨ ɥɠɫɛɧʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɨɣɧɣ ɪɦɣɭɥɛɧɣ ʀɢ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺɧ

ǾȡȴțȖ ȁȟȝȓțȟȪȘȜȑȜ ȟȜȏȜȞȡ Ȑ DZȎșȖȥȳ ȟȡȥȎȟțȖȗ ȐȖȑșȭȒ

ȄȓȞȘȐȎ ǿȐ ǽȎțȠȓșȓȗȚȜțȎ ȟȡȥȎȟțȖȗ ȐȖȑșȭȒ

ɉɪɣɬ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ Ȳɩɛɨɨɛ ɂɦɛɭɩɮɬɭɛ ɝ ɐɩɦɧʀ ɢɛ ©Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩ ɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɧ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɩɧª

©ɂɜɮɟɮɝɛɝ ɝʀɨ ɱɠɫɥɝɮ ɬɝɺɭɩɞɩ Ȳɩɛɨɨɛ ɞɛɫɨɮ ɤ ɩɳɛɭɨɮ ȼɮɟʀɝɦɺ ʁʁ ɜɮɦɛ ɝɦɛɳɭɩɝɛɨɛ ɭɛɥ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɬɥɦɠɪʀɨɨɺ ɝ ɥɩɡɨɩɧɮ ɥɮɭʀ ³ ɛɫɥɛ ɴɩ ɬɭɩɺɦɛ ɨɛ ɲɩɭɣɫɷɩɰ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɣɰ ɞɩɦɩɝɛɰ ɝɣɫʀɢɷɜɦɠɨɣɰ ɺɥɣɧɩɬɷ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɩɧ ɍɫɣ ɝʀɥɨɛ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɠɨʀ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɧ ɬɥɦɩɧ >ɝʀɭɫɛɡɛɧɣ ³ Ȼɝɭ @ ɪɫɣ ɝɰɩɟʀ ɟɩ ɝʀ ɝɭɛɫɺ ɬɭɩɺɦɣ ɟɝɛ ɬɭɩɝɪɣ ɢ ɱʀɦɩɞɩ ɥɛɧɠɨɹ ɛ ɨɛɟ ɨɣɧɣ ɬɥɦɠɪʀɨɨɺ ʀ ɥɮɪɩɦ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɠɨɣɤ ɢɩɦɩɭɣɧɣ ɢʀɫɥɛɧɣ ɨɛ ɦɛɢɮɫʀ Ɋʀɟɦɩɞɛ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɜɮɦɛ ɝʀɟ ɦɣɭɛ ɢ ɧʀɟʀ ɤ ɲɣɬɭɩɞɩ ɩɦɩɝɛ ʀ ɜɦɣɴɛɦɛ ɝɩɨɛ ɧɩɝ ɟɢɠɫɥɛɦɩ Ƚʀɢɠɫɮɨɥɣ ɫʀɢɨɩɜɛɫɝɨʀ ɤ ɢɩɦɩɭʀ ɢɫɩɜɦɠɨʀ ɮɧʀɦɷɱɠɧ ɉɝɟʀɾɧ Ɍɥɮɦɷɪɭɮɫɨʀ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɬɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɩɯɛɫɜɩɝɛɨʀ ɝɬʀɧɛ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɛɧɣ ʀ ɢɩɦɩɭɩɧ ɂɩɝɨʀɳɨʀ ɯɫɠɬɥɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɛɟ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɞɛɫɨʀ Ȳɥɩɨɣ ɟɣɝɩɝɣɡɨʀ Ƚʀɨ >ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ³ Ȼɝɭ @ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɬɣɝ ʀɥɩɨɣ ɴɩ ɪɫɣɝʀɢ ʀɢ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɟɩɫɩɞɩɱʀɨɨɣɧ ɥɛɧʀɨɨɺɧ ʀ ɢɩɦɩɭɣɧ ɜʀɬɠɫɩɧ ȿɢɝɩɨɣ ɝʀɨ ɪɫɣɝʀɢ ʀɢ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɝʀɟɦɣɭʀ ɭɮɭ ª

I əɤɿ ɚɪɯɿɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɦɚɥɚ ɰɟɪɤɜɚ" əɤɿ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɡɚɯɿɞɧɨɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɦɢɫɬɟɰɬɜɚ"

178

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 4

ɞɫɣɯɩɨʀɝ ɩɫɦʀɝ ɝɩʁɨʀɝ ʀɢ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨɣɧɣ ɭɛ ɞɠɩɧɠɭɫɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɩɫɨɛɧɠɨɭɛɧɣ Ɉɛ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɩ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɛ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɭɮɭ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɠ ɬɠɦɩ Ʌɫɣɦɩɬ ɟɩ ɨɛɳɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɬɺ ɰɫɛɧ Ɍɝ Ɋɛɨɭɠɦɠɤɧɩɨɛ ɐȲȲ²ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɺɥɣɤ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɾ ɺɬɥɫɛɝɣɧ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩʁ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɨɩʁ ɳɥɩɦɣ ǾȡȴțȖ ȢȜȞȠȓȤȳ ȡ ǸȞȓȚȓțȤȳ Ɋɫɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɛ ɤ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɨʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣ ȟȡȥȎȟțȖȗ ȐȖȑșȭȒ

ɝɩɬɭʀ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɰɫɛɧʀɝ ɟɛɾ ɮɺɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɩɪɣɬ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ Ȳɩɛɨɨɛ ɂɦɛɭɩɮɬɭɛ ɝ ɐɩɦɧʀ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ

Ɏ Ⱦɛɦɣɲʀ ɂɝɠɨɣɞɩɫɩɟʀ Ɇɮɱɷɥɮ ɭɛ ɟɠɺ ɥɣɰ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ɛɫɰɠɩɦɩɞɣ ɢɨɛɤɳɦɣ ɫɮʁ ɨɣ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɛɦɛɱʀɝ Ɏ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝʀ ɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɠ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɧʀɬɭ ʀ ɯɩɫɭɠɱɷ ɍɛɥ ɨɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ ɪɩɫɺɟ ʀɢ ǸȞȓȚȓțȓȤȪȘȎ ȢȜȞȠȓȤȭ ȚȎșȬțȜȘ ȃǥȃ ȟȠ

ɐɩɦɧɩɧ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɜɮɟɩɝɛɨʀ ɮɥɫʀɪɦɠɨʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ȿɛɨɣɦʀɝ Ʌɫɠɧɠɨɠɱɷ Ɏɞɫɩɝɬɷɥ ɮ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣ ɨʀ ³ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ Ɍɺɨɣɥ Ɏɬʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɨʀ ɬɪɩɫɮ ɟɣ ɺɥʀ ɨɠ ɪʀɟ ɬɣɦɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɟɩɦɛɭɣ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɩ ɭɛɭɛ ɫɛɧ ʀɢ ʁɰɨɷɩɹ ɩɜɦɩɞɩɝɩɹ ɭɠɰɨʀɥɩɹ Ƚʀɟ ɥʀɨɱɺ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɨɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ ɪʀɟ ɝɪɦɣɝɩɧ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɨɩʁ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɣ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɜɮ ɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɭɣɪɮ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɨɣɰ ɬɪɩɫɮɟ ³ ɧɮɫɩɝɛ ɨʀ ©ɝɠɡʀ ɬɭɩɝɪɣª Ɉɛ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨʀɤ ɲɛɬ ɭɛɥʀ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɣ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɩɥɩɦɣɱɺɰ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɐɩɦɧ ɬɠɦɩ Ɍɭɩɝɪ·ɾ ɭɛ ɝ ɧʀɬɭʀ ȼʀɦɛ Ƚɠɡɛ ɥɩɦɣɳɨʀɤ Ʌɛɧ·ɺɨɠɱɷ ɑʀ ©ɬɭɩɝ ɪɣª ɜɮɦɣ ɝɠɡɛɧɣ ɟɩɨɡɩɨɛɧɣ Ɏ ɐȲ9 ɬɭ ɫɩɢɞɩɫɨɮɦɩ ǰȓȔȎ Ȑ ȟȓșȳ ǿȠȜȐȝ·ȱ ɬɺ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɣɰ ɢɛɧɥʀɝ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɺɥɣɰ ȝȜȏșȖȕȡ ȚȳȟȠȎ ȃȜșȚ ȃȓșȚ

ɜɮɝ ɢɛɧɩɥ ɮ Ɇɮɱɷɥɮ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɢɝɩɟɣɭɣ ɨɛɪɫɣ ȟȡȥȎȟțȖȗ ȐȖȑșȭȒ

ɥʀɨɱʀ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ

I əɤɿ ɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɤɢ ɚɪɯɿɬɟɤɬɭɪɢ Ƚɚɥɢɰɶɤɨ ȼɨɥɢɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɡɛɟɪɟɝɥɢɫɹ ɞɨ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɱɚ ɫɿɜ" əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɚɪɯɿɬɟɤɬɭɪɢ Ƚɚɥɢɰɶɤɨ ȼɨɥɢɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ"

ɉɜɫɛɢɩɭɝɩɫɲɠ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɩ Ɂɣɝɩɪɣɬɮ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɦɛ ɪɫɩɝʀɟɨɛ ɫɩɦɷ ɮ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɷɥʀɤ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫʀ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ȳʁ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɩ ɧɩɨɮɧɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɧ ɡɣɝɩɪɣɬɩɧ ɯɫɠɬɥɛɧɣ ɭɛ ʀɥɩɨɛɧɣ

Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêà äåðæàâà

179

ɏɫɠɬɥɩɝɣɤ ɡɣɝɩɪɣɬ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɝɛɝ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥʀ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀʁ Ɉɣɧɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɫɩɢɪɣɬɛɨɩ ɞɩɦɩɝɨʀ ɰɫɛɧɣ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ ɤ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨɣ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɝʀɨ ɨɠ ɨɛɜɮɝ ɢɨɛɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ³ ɢ ɩɬ ɭɛɨɨɷɩʁ ɲɝɠɫɭʀ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ ɜɮɟɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɰɫɛɧɣ ɝ ɺɥɣɰ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɯɫɠɬɩɥ ȿɩ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɬɪɩɫɮɟ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɬɩɜɩɫ ɮ Ɇɮɱɷɥɮ Ƚɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɯɫɠɬɥɣ ɢɨɛɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨ ɨɺ ɝ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɛɦɛɭɛɰ Ȳɬɨɮɹɭɷ ɦʀɭɩ ɪɣɬɨʀ ɬɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɨɣɧɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɫɩɢɧɛ ɦɷɩɝɛɨʀ ɪɛɦɛɭɣ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɉɬɧɩɧɣɬɦɛ Ɏɬʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥʀ ɧɩɭɣɝɣ Ɏ ɐȲȲȲ ² ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɐȲ9 ɬɭ ɨɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ ɝɠɟɠɭɷɬɺ ʀɨɭɠɨɬɣɝɨɠ ɰɫɛɧɩɝɠ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɴɩ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɭɫɛɟɣ ɱʀɤ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɯɫɠɬɩɥ ɛɦɠ ɨɣɧɣ ɝɥɫɣɝɛ ɹɭɷ ɦɣɳɠ ɝʀɝɭɛɫɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɰɫɛɧʀɝ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɟɩ ɨɛɳɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨɠ ɢɜɠ ǰȳȞȚȓțȟȪȘȖȗ ȟȜȏȜȞ ȡ ǹȪȐȜȐȳ ȠȎ ȗȜȑȜ ɫɠɞɦɩɬɺ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɯɫɛɞɧɠɨɭʀɝ ɯɫɠɬɩɥ ɢɛ ȞȜȕȝȖȟȖ ȟȡȥȎȟțȖȗ ȐȖȑșȭȒ

ɝɣɨɺɭɥɩɧ ɫɩɢɪɣɬɮ Ƚʀɫɧɠɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɩɜɩɫɮ ɮ Ɇɷɝɩɝʀ ɺɥʀ ɟɛɭɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɐȲ9²ɐ9 ɬɭ Ƚɣɬɩɥɣɤ ɫʀɝɠɨɷ ɧɩɨɮɧɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɝɩɪɣɬɮ ɲɛɬʀɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺ ɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɢɛɬɝʀɟɲɮɾ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɝ ɐȲ9²ɐ9 ɬɭ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɣ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɧɩɨɮɧɠɨɭɛɦɷɨʀ ɫɩɢɪɣ ɬɣ ɝ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɺɥʀ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ ɝ Ɍɛɨɟɩɧɣɫʀ ɭʀ ɫɫ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ Ʌɫɛɥɩɝʀ ³ ɥɛɪɦɣɱɺ Ɍɝ ɐɫɠɬɭɛ ɨɛ Ƚɛɝɠɦʀ ɫ Ƚɣɬɦɣɱʀ ³ ɥɩɬɭɷɩɦ ɐȲ9 ɬɭ ɏɫɠɬɥɣ ɢɛɧɥɩɝɩʁ ɥɛɪɠɦɣ ɝ Ɇɹɜɦʀɨʀ ɨɛ ɢɛɧɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɚʊɛɤɦɛ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɞɫɮɪɛ ɡɣɝɩɪɣɬɱʀɝ ɺɥɮ ɩɲɩɦɹɝɛɝ ɧɛɤɬɭɠɫ Ȼɨɟɫʀɤ ʀɢ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ Ƚ ɩɯɩɫɧɦɠɨɨʀ ɰɫɛɧʀɝ ɮ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨʀ ɭɛ ɨɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ ɛɥɱɠɨɭ ɫɩɜɣɝɬɺ ɨɛ ʀɥɩɨɛɰ ɺɥʀ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɣ ɱʀɦʀ ɛɨɬɛɧɜɦʀ Ɋɩɪɠɫɝɛɰ ɰɫɛɧɣ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɝɩɧɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧɣ ɢɛ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɛɧɣ ʀɥɩɨɛɧɣ ɴɩ ɨɛɞɛɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɯɫɠɬɥɩɝɣɤ ɫɩɢɪɣɬ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ʁɰɨɺ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɮɾɭɷɬɺ Ɏɭɝɩɫɹɾɭɷɬɺ ʀɥɩɨɩɬɭɛɬ Ȳɥɩɨɩɬɭɛɬ ³ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɛ ɪɠɫɠɞɩɫɩɟɥɛ ɴɩ ɢɛɥɫɣɝɛɾ ɝʀɝɭɛɫɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɫɺɟʀɝ ʀɥɩɨ Ȳɥɩɨɣ ɴɩ ɪɩɳɣɫɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨʀ ɭɛ ɨɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ ɧɛɦɣ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɠ ɲɣ ɥɣʁɝ ɬɷɥɠ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɨɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ ɭɛ ɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨʀ ɪɩɬɭɛɦɣ ɝɦɛɬɨʀ ɳɥɩɦɣ ʀɥɩɨɩɪɣɬɮ Ʉɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭ ɪɫɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɨɛ ɟɫɮɞɮ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɮ ɐȲȲȲ²ɐȲ9 ɬɭ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝʀɬɭɹ

180

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 4

DzȜȞȜȑȜȏȡȕȪȘȎ ȳȘȜțȎ ǯȜȑȜȚȎȠȓȞȳ

ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȎ ǯȜȑȜȚȎȠȳȞ

ȅȓțȟȠȜȣȜȐȟȪȘȎ ȳȘȜțȎ ǯȜȑȜȚȎȠȓȞȳ

ʀɥɩɨɩɪɣɬɮ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɮ ɾ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɝʀɨ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɝɬɺ ɜɠɢ ɡɩɫɬɭɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɨɭɫɩɦɹ ɢ ɜɩɥɮ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɲɣ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɇɣɭɱʀ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɟɳɮɥɛɭɣ ɝɣɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɬɹɡɠ ɭɮ ʀɨɩɟʀ ɪɩɫɮɳɮɹɲɣ ɥɛɨɩɨɣ ɂɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ʀɥɩɨɛɰ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɦɠɞɥɮ ɩɜ·ɾɧɨʀɬɭɷ ɲɣɧ ɬɮɭɭɾɝɩ ɫʀɢɨɺɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɫɛɢɥʀɝ Ɉɛɤɬɭɛɫʀɳɩɹ ʀɥɩɨɩɹ ɴɩ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɛɬɺ ɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨʀ ɾ ɯɫɛɞɧɠɨɭ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɥɩɨɣ ©ɇɠɨɩɦɩɞʀɺª ɥʀɨɠɱɷ ɐȲȲ ² ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ȳʁ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɨɛɤɟɠɨɩ ɫ ɝ ɱɠɫɥɝʀ Ɍɝ ɇɣɥɩɦɛɺ ɝ ɍɮɫ·ʁ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ Ɍɭɛɫɩɞɩ Ɍɛɧɜɩ ɫɛ ɛɦɠ ɟɩ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɱʀɝ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɦɛ ɦɣɳɠ ɝ ɫ Ɉɛ ɨʀɤ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɩ ɯʀɞɮɫɣ ɬɝɺɭɣɰ ɪʀɟɥɫɠɬɦɠɨɩ ɝɣɟɩɝ ɡɠɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɪɩɫɱʀɤ ʀɢ ɧɛɦɣɧɣ ɞɩɦɩɝɛɧɣ ɉɟɺɞ ɬɝɺɭɣɰ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɩ ɝ ɭɠɧɨɣɰ ɭɩɨɛɰ ɂ ɪɩɧʀɡ ɨɣɰ ɝɣɫʀɢɨɺɾɭɷ ɬɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɧɮɲɠɨɣɥ Ⱦɠɩɫɞʀɤ ȿɩ ɨɛɤɥɫɛɴɣɰ ɢɫɛɢɥʀɝ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɡɣ ɝɩɪɣɬɮ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɮ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɲɮɟɩɟʀɤɨɛ ʀɥɩɨɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩʁ ȼɩɞɩɧɛɭɠɫʀ ©ȼɩɞɩɫɩɟɣɱɺ ɉɟɣɞɣɭɫʀɺª ɢ Ɋɩɥɫɩɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɝ Ɇɮɱɷɥɮ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɐȲ9 ɬɭ

Ƚɩɨɛ ɝɫɛɡɛɾ ɞɦɺɟɛɲɛ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɹ ɬɮɝɩɫʀɬɭɹ ɩɜɫɛɢʀɝ ȼɩɞɩɧɛɭɠɫʀ ʀ ɧɛɦɩɞɩ Ȳɬɮɬɛ ɺɥɩʁ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɝ ʀɥɩɨɛɰ ɪɩɪɠ ɫɠɟɨɷɩɞɩ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɮ Ɍɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɪɫɩɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɠɦɠɧɠɨ ɭʀɝ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɛ ɾ ɬɩɫɩɲɥɛ Ȳɬɮɬɛ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɠ ɨɛ ɝɣɳɣɭɣɧɣ ɥɝʀɭɩɲɥɛɧɣ ɔɠ ɩɟɨɣɧ ɳɠɟɠɝɫɩɧ ʀɥɩɨɩɪɣɬɮ ɭɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɾ ɳɛɨɩ ɝɛɨɛ ɝ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɒɠɨɬɭɩɰɩɝɬɷɥɛ ʀɥɩɨɛ ȼɩɞɩɧɛɭɠɫʀ ɐȲ9 ɬɭ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɨɛ ɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨʀ Ɏ Ɇɷɝʀɝɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɧɮɢɠʁ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɛ ɢɜɠ ɫʀɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɩɟɨɛ ɢ ɪɠɫɦɣɨ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ʀɥɩɨɩɪɣɬɮ ³ ©əɫʀɤ ɂɧʀɾɜɩɫɠɱɷª ʀɢ ɬɠɦɛ Ɍɭɛɨɣɦʀɝ ɴɩ ɪɩɜɦɣ ɢɮ ȿɫɩɞɩɜɣɲɛ ȳʁ ɛɝɭɩɫ ɜɮɝ ɭɛɦɛɨɩɝɣɭɣɧ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɩɧ ɥɩɧɪɩɢɣɱʀʁ ɭɛ ɥɩɦɩɫɣɭɮ ɴɩ ɢɧʀɞ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɭɣ ɝʀɟɲɮɭɭɺ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɞɛɫɧɩɨʀɤɨɩʁ ɝɫʀɝɨɩɝɛɡɠɨɩɬɭʀ ɢ ɫɣɭɧʀɲɨɣɧ ɫɮɰɩɧ ɛ ɯɩɫɧɮ ³ ɢ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɩɧ Ƚʀɟɩɧʀ ɤ ʀɨɳʀ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɥɣ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɡɣɝɩɪɣɬɮ ɐȲ9 ɬɭ ɺɥɣɧ ɪɫɣɭɛɧɛɨɨʀ ɝɣɬɩɥɛ ɧɛɤɬɭɠɫɨʀɬɭɷ ɡɣɝɩ ɪɣɬɱʀɝ ɝɣɫɛɢɨɛ ʀɨɟɣɝʀɟɮɛɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɝʀɢɛɨ ɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɤ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɫɮɬɷɥɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ ʀ ɬɭɫɮ ɧɠɨɺ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩɞɩ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɛ Ɉɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɪɩɪɮɦɺɫɨɣɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ʀɥɩɨɣ ʀɢ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺɧ Ɍɝ ɇɣɥɩ

Ãàëèöüêî-Âîëèíñüêà äåðæàâà

ɦɛɺ ɭɛ ɬɝɺɭɣɰ ɧɮɲɠɨɣɥʀɝ ȿɧɣɭɫʀɺ ɏɫɩɦɛ ʀ Ɇɛɝɫɛ ȼɩɫɣɬɛ ɭɛ Ⱦɦʀɜɛ ɔɠ ɩɟɨɣɧ ɝɣɟɩɧ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɨɛɜɮɝ ɪɩɳɣ ɫɠɨɨɺ ɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝʀ ɜɮɦɛ ɬɥɮɦɷɪɭɮɫɛ ɑɠɤ ɝɣɟ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɛ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɝɬɺ ɮ ɯɩɫ ɧʀ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɮ ɺɥɣɧ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɛɦɣɬɺ ɰɫɛɧɣ ɚɬɥɫɛɝɣɧ ɢɫɛɢɥɩɧ ɬɥɮɦɷɪɭɮɫɣ ɭʀɾʁ ɟɩɜɣ ɾ ɳɣɯɠɫɨɣɤ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɺɥɣɤ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɛɾ Ɍɝ ȿɧɣɭɫʀɺ ɂɛɫɛɢ ɝʀɨ ɢɜɠɫʀ ɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ Ʌɛɧ·ɺɨɠɱɷ Ɋɩɟʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɧɮɢɠʁ Ɋʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɫɩɢɥɩɪɩɥ ɫɮʁɨ Ɏɬɪɠɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɩɜɩɫɮ ɝ Ⱦɛɦɣ ɲʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɨɛɤɟɠɨɩ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɨɠ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɟɫɛɥɩɨɛ ʀɢ ɪɛɴʀ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɝɣɫɩɬɭɛɾ ɪɣɳɨɛ ɞʀɦɥɛ Ɋɫɣɥɫɛɳɠɨʀ ɲɣɬ ɦɠɨɨɣɧɣ ɫɠɦɷɾɯɛɧɣ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ Ɍɝ Ɋɛɨɭɠɦɠɤɧɩ ɨɛ ɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɲʀ ɭɛ Ȳɩɛɨɨɛ ɂɦɛɭɩɮɬɭɛ ɝ ɐɩɦɧʀ ȳɰɨʀɧ ɭɝɩɫ ɱɠɧ ɜɮɝ ©ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɰɣɭɫɠɱɷ Ȼɝɟʀɤª ɑɠ ³ ɪɠɫɳɠ ʀɧ·ɺ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɛ ɬɥɮɦɷɪɭɮɫɣ ɺɥɠ ɢɨɛɾ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɛ ɇɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɩ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɠ ɭɛɥɩɡ ʀ ɥɨɣɡɨɩɹ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɩɹ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭ ɺɥɩʁ ɪɫɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɨɛ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ Ɉɠɲɣɬɦɠɨɨʀ ɢɜɠ ɫɠɡɠɨʀ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɣ ɫɮɥɩɪɣɬʀɝ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɝɣɥɦɹɲɨɩ ɟɩ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɪɫɩɯɠɬʀɤɨɣɰ ɢɫɛɢɥʀɝ Ɉɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳɣɧ ʀɦɹɬɭɫɩ ɝɛɨɣɧ ɫɮɥɩɪɣɬɩɧ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀʁ ɴɩ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɬɺ ɟɩ ɨɛɳɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɾ ȿɩɜɫɣɦɩɝɠ Ȱɝɛɨɞɠɦʀɾ ɫ ɮ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɭɺɭɷɬɺ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɣ ɾɝɛɨ ɞɠɦʀɬɭʀɝ ɨɛ ɭɦʀ ɩɜɦɛɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɥɨɣɞɩɪɣɬɨɩʁ ɧɛɤɬɭɠɫɨʀ Ȼɫɰʀɾɫɠɤɬɷɥɣɤ Ɍɦɮɡɠɜɨɣɥ ʀɢ Ɋɠɫɠɧɣɳɦɺ ɪɩ ɲɛɭɩɥ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɠɨɩ ɭɫɷɩɧɛ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛɧɣ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ ɟɝʀ ɬɝɺɭɣɰ Ƚɛɬɣɦʀɺ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ Ȳɩɛɨɨɛ ɂɦɛɭɩɮɬɭɛ ɭɛ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɺ ȼɩɞɩɬɦɩɝɛ ɚɥ ʀ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɣ ɱʀ ɩɜɫɛɢɣ ɾ ɝɣɟɩɝɡɠɨɣɧɣ ɢ ɧɛɦɣɧɣ ɞɩ ɦɩɝɛɧɣ ³ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ ɟɩ ɥɛɨɩɨʀɝ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɣɬ ɭɠɱɭɝɛ ɂɨɛɲɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɾ ɥɩɪʀɺɧɣ ɯɫɠ ɬɩɥ ɰɫɛɧʀɝ ʀɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɫɮɥɩɪɣɬɨʀ ɥɨɣɞɣ ɚɬɥɫɛɝɩ ɝɣɫʀɢɨɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɣ Ȱɝɛɨɞɠɦʀɺ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɨɠɝʀɟɩɧɠ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ Ƚɩɨɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɟɠ ɥɩɫɩɝɛɨʀ ɪɫɩɥɫɠɬɦɠɨɣɧɣ ɟɫʀɜɨɣɧɣ ɟɠɭɛɦɺɧɣ Ȼɦɠ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɛ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɢɜɠɫɠɡɠɨɣɰ ɫɮɥɩɪɣɬʀɝ ɧɛɹɭɷ

181

ȌȞȳȗ ǵȚȳȱȏȜȞȓȤȪ ǥȘȜțȎ

ǺȳțȳȎȠȬȞȎ ȕ DzȜȏȞȖșȜȐȜȑȜ ǣȐȎțȑȓșȳȭ

ǴȳțȜȥȳ ȝȞȖȘȞȎȟȖ ȕȳ ȟȘȎȞȏȡ ȕțȎȗȒȓțȜȑȜ ȡ ǯȜȔȟȪȘȡ ǯȜșȜȣȳȐȟȪȘȎ ȕȓȚșȭ

182

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 4

ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɬɥɫɩɧɨʀɳɠ ɩɢɟɩɜɦɠɨɨɺ ɮ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀ ɢɛɬɭɛɝɩɥ ɥʀɨɱʀɝɩɥ ʀɨʀɱʀɛɦʀɝ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɛɫɥɮɳʀɝ ɩɫɨɛɧɠɨɭɛɱʀʁ Ɉɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɛɫɰɠɩɦɩɞɣ ɝɣɺɝɣɦɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɬɥɛɫɜʀɝ ɢ ɮɬʀɦɺɥɣɧɣ ɹɝɠɦʀɫɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɬɛɧɣ Ɉɛɤɲɛɬɭʀɳɠ ɢɨɛɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɬɠɫɠɡɥɣ ɥɩɦɭɣ ɪɫɣɝʀɬɥɣ ɜɫɛɬɦɠɭɣ ɨɛɫɮɲʀ ɪʀɟɝʀɬɥɣ ɑʀ ɢɨɛɰʀɟɥɣ ɬɝʀɟɲɛɭɷ ɪɫɩ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɤ ɫʀ ɝɠɨɷ ɧɛɤɬɭɠɫɨɩɬɭʀ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɹɝɠɦʀɫʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɢɨɛɦɣ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɭɠɰɨʀɲɨʀ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɣ ɦɣɭɭɺ ɥɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɥɛɫɜɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɩɢɩɦɩɭɮ ʀɨɥɫɮɬɭɛɱʀɹ ɭɩɴɩ ȼɂɋɇɈȼɄɂ Ʌɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɧɛɦɛ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɢɟɩɜɮɭɥɣ Ƚɩɨɛ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɛ ɪɩ ɬɩɜʀ ɢɫɛɢɥɣ ɺɥʀ ɝɫɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɧɛɤɬɭɠɫɨʀɬɭɹ ɤ ɟɩɬɥɩɨɛ ɦʀɬɭɹ ȼɮɟɮɲɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɩɝɩɹ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɋɮɬʀ ɝɩɨɛ ɧɛɦɛ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɠɨʀ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɣɧɣ ɮɧɩɝɛɧɣ ɤ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨɣɧɣ ɝɪɦɣɝɛɧɣ ɬɮɬʀɟʀɝ ɁȺɄɊȱɉɂɆɈ ɁɇȺɇɇə ȍȘȳ ȜȟȜȏșȖȐȜȟȠȳ ȞȜȕȐȖȠȘȡ ȘȡșȪȠȡȞȖ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜ ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȜȑȜ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȎ" Dzȓ Ȑ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜ ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȜȚȡ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȳ ȚȜȔțȎ ȏȡșȜ ȕȒȜȏȡȠȖ ȜȟȐȳȠȡ" ǽȜȒȳȴ ȭȘȜȑȜ ȝȓȞȳȜȒȡ ȳȟȠȜȞȳȴ ȜȣȜȝșȬȱ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜ ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȖȗ șȳȠȜȝȖȟ" ȍȘȳ ȜȟȜȏșȖȐȜȟȠȳ șȳȠȜȝȖȟȎțțȭ Ȑ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜ ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȜȚȡ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȳ" ǻȎȕȐȳȠȪ țȎȗȐȳȒȜȚȳȦȳ ȎȞȣȳȠȓȘȠȡȞțȳ ȝȎȚ·ȭȠȘȖ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜ ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȜȑȜ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȎ ȍȘȳ ȕ țȖȣ ȕȏȓȞȓȑșȖȟȭ ȒȜ țȎȦȖȣ ȒțȳȐ" ǰȖȕțȎȥȠȓ ȞȖȟȖ ȎȞȣȳȠȓȘȠȡȞȖ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜ ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȜȑȜ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȎ ȍȘȳ ȔȎțȞȖ ȜȏȞȎȕȜȠȐȜȞȥȜȑȜ ȚȖȟȠȓȤȠȐȎ țȎȏȡșȖ ȞȜȕȐȖȠȘȡ Ȑ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜ ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȜȚȡ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȳ" ǻȎȕȐȳȠȪ țȎȗȐȳȒȜȚȳȦȳ ȕȞȎȕȘȖ ȝȎȚ·ȭȠȜȘ ȜȏȞȎȕȜȠȐȜȞȥȜȑȜ ȚȖȟȠȓȤȠȐȎ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜ ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȜȑȜ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȎ ȁ ȥȜȚȡ ȐȖȭȐșȭșȎȟȭ ȟȎȚȜȏȡȠțȳȟȠȪ ȘȡșȪȠȡȞȖ DZȎșȖȤȪȘȜ ǰȜșȖțȟȪȘȜȑȜ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȎ"

ÇÀÏÈÒÀÍÍß ÒÀ ÇÀÂÄÀÍÍß ÄËß ÓÇÀÃÀËÜÍÅÍÍß ÇÀ ÒÅÌÎÞ «ÃÀËÈÖÜÊÎ-ÂÎËÈÍÑÜÊÀ ÄÅÐÆÀÂÀ» Ɍɥɦɛɟʀɭɷ ɪɠɫɠɦʀɥ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ʀɢ ɢɛɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɫɩɥʀɝ ʁɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ Ƚɣɢɨɛɲɭɠ ɰɫɩɨɩɦɩɞʀɲɨɮ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɲʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɩɟʀɤ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩ ɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɋɩɺɬɨʀɭɷ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɨɺɭɷ ʀ ɭɠɫɧʀɨʀɝ ©ɜɩɺɫɬɷɥɠ ɬɝɛɝʀɦɦɺª ©ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣª ©ɂɩɦɩ ɭɛ ɉɫɟɛª ©ɢɩɦɩɭɩɩɫɟɣɨɬɷɥɠ ɺɫɧɩª ©ɩɫɟɛª ©ɺɫɦɣɥª ©ɜɛɬɥɛɥª ©ɮɦɮɬª Ɍɥɦɛɟʀɭɷ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɤ ɪɩɫɭɫɠɭ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɋɩɧɛɨɛ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲɛ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ Ⱦɛ ɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ Ɇɠɝɛ ȿɛɨɣɦɩɝɣɲɛ əɫʀɺ Ȳ Ɇɷɝɩɝɣɲɛ ɢɛ ɝɣɜɩɫɩɧ

ɒɣ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɬɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɝɛɭɣ ɴɩ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɟɩɜɩɹ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭɮ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ" Ɍɝɩɹ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɩɜʊɫɮɨɭɮɤɭɠ ɐɭɩ ɢ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɝ ɭɣɭɮɦ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ" Ȳɢ ɺɥɩɹ ɧɠɭɩɹ ɝɩɨɣ ɱɠ ɢɫɩɜɣɦɣ" ɒɣ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɧɠɭɣ" Ƚɣɥɩɨɛɤɭɠ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɢɛ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɩɹ ɥɛɫɭɩɹ Ɋɩɥɛɡʀɭɷ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɬɮɬʀɟʀɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɋɩɥɛɡʀɭɷ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭʀ ɧɠɡʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɛ ɮ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɩɞɩ ɪʀɟɨɠ ɬɠɨɨɺ ɜ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɨɛɝɛɦɣ ȼɛɭɣɺ Ƚɣɢɨɛɲɭɠ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɺɥʀ ɝ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɲɛɬɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɫɠɢɣɟɠɨɱʀɺɧɣ ɬɭɩɦɣ ɱɺɧɣ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɂɛɢɨɛɲɭɠ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɝ ɺɥɣɰ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɣɬɺ ɝɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨʀ ɜɣɭɝɣ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷ ɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɋɫɩɝɠɟʀɭɷ ɧɠɡɮ ɢɛ ɺɥɩɹ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɟʀɦɠɨɩ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɧʀɡ Ɋɩɦɷɴɠɹ ɭɛ Ɇɣɭɝɩɹ ɒɩɧɮ ɧʀɡ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɧɣ ɬɮɬʀɟɛɧɣ ɝɠɦɛɬɺ ɭɛɥɛ ɞɩɬɭɫɛ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢɛ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ ɝɩ ɦɣɨɬɷɥɮ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɮ" ɂɛɪɩɝɨʀɭɷ ɭɛɜɦɣɱɹ ©ɉɜ·ɾɥɭɣɝɨʀ ɭɛ ɬɮɜ·ɾɥɭɣɝɨʀ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɣ ɢɛɞɣɜɠɦʀ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷ ɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛª ɂɫɩɜʀɭɷ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨʀ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɥɣ ɉɜ·ɾɥɭɣɝɨʀ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɣ

Ɍɮɜ·ɾɥɭɣɝɨʀ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɣ

ȿɛɤɭɠ ɟɩɥɦɛɟɨɣɤ ɩɪɣɬ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɢ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɩɥ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ

184

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 4

ɂɛɪɩɝɨʀɭɷ ɭɛɜɦɣɱɹ ©Ʌɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛª Ⱦɛɦɮɢɷ

ɉɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɠɨɨɺ

ɉɬɝʀɭɛ Ɇʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ Ȼɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɛ ɇɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɩ

Ƚɝɛɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɴɩ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɾɧɱɠɧ ɋɮ ɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɍɪɫɩɜɮɤɭɠ ɛɫɞɮɧɠɨɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɱɹ ɟɮɧɥɮ

ÒÅÑÒβ ÇÀÂÄÀÍÍß ÄÎ ÒÅÌÈ «ÃÀËÈÖÜÊÎ-ÂÎËÈÍÑÜÊÀ ÄÅÐÆÀÂÀ» 1. Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɠ ɭɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɩ ɝ ɾɟɣɨɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ɝ Ȼ ɫ ȼ ɫ Ƚ ɫ Ⱦ ɫ 2. ɚɥɠ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɠɨɩ ʀ ɫɩɢɩɫɠɨɩ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɛɧɣ ɮ ɫ " Ȼ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝ ȼ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝ Ƚ Ʌɣʁɝ Ⱦ Ⱦɛɦɣɲ 3. ɔɩ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɧɩɝɩɹ ɭɣɧɲɛɬɩɝɩʁ ɝɭɫɛɭɣ ɝ ɫ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩʁ ɾɟɨɩɬɭʀ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ" Ȼ ɛɞɫɠɬʀɺ Ɏɞɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɭɛ Ɋɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝ ȼ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɛ ɨɛɝɛɦɛ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɋɮɬʀ Ƚ ɢɧɩɝɛ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɰ ɜɩɺɫ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɢ ɜɩɺɫɣɨɩɧ Ƚ Ʌɩɫɧɣɦɷɲɣɲɠɧ Ⱦ ɢɛɞɣɜɠɦɷ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɋɩɧɛɨɛ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲɛ ɮ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɪʀɟ ɂɛɝɣɰɝɩɬɭɩɧ Ɏɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɜɣɭɝɣ ɫ ɥɨɺɢɷ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɋɩɧɛɨɩɝɣɲ Ȼ ɪɩɢɜɮɝɬɺ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɩɬɭʀ ɝʀɟ ɰɛɨʀɝ ɂɩɦɩɭɩʁ ɉɫɟɣ ȼ ɢɦɛɧɛɝ ɩɪʀɫ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɜɩɺɫɬɭɝɛ ɭɛ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɮɭɝɠɫɟɣɝɬɺ ɪɫɣ ɝɦɛɟʀ Ƚ ɢɮɪɣɨɣɝ ɪɫɩɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɭɠɝɭɩɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ɨɛ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ⱦ ɪɩɳɣɫɣɝ ɬɝɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɨɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨɷ ʀ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɝ ɾɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɜɛɭɷɥɛ 5. Ɏ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɦɛ ɝ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɂɩɦɩɭɩʁ ɉɫɟɣ" Ȼ ɋɩɧɛɨɛ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲɛ ȼ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ ɋɩɧɛɨɩɝɣɲɛ Ƚ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɉɬɧɩɧɣɬɦɛ Ⱦ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɩɝɣɲɛ 6. ɒɣɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɩ ɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ȿɛɨɣɦɩɧ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɧ ɮɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɷ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɧʀɬɭ ɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨʀ ɭɛ ɨɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨʀ" Ȼ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɩɹ ɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɢ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɛɧɣ ȼ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɩɹ ɢ ɜɩɺɫɬɷɥɩɹ ɩɪɩɢɣɱʀɾɹ Ƚ ɮɬɪʀɰɛɧɣ ɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɢ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɩɹ ɭɛ Ɋɩɦɷɴɠɹ Ⱦ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɺɧ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ 7. Ɏ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɨɛ ɫ Ʌɛɦɥɛ ɮ ɫ ɬɩɹɢɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɜɮɦɣ Ȼ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɣ ȼ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞɣ Ƚ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀ Ⱦ ɰɩɢɛɫɣ

186

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 4

ɚɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ ©Ȳ ɩɟɟɛɝ ɝʀɨ Ʌɣʁɝ ɮ ɫɮɥɣ >ɝɩɾɝɩɟʀ@ ȿɧɣɭɫɩɝʀ >ɴɩɜ@ ɮɟɠɫɡɛɭɣ >ɞɩɫɩɟ@ ɪɫɩɭɣ ʀɨɩɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɣɰ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɜɠɢɜɩɡɨɣɰ ɭɛɭɛɫ ɧɩɨɞɩɦʀɝ «ª" Ȼ ɋɩɧɛɨ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲ ȼ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɉɬɧɩɧɣɬɦ Ƚ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɤ Ⱦ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ Ɏ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɫɩɱʀ ɬɭɛɦɛɬɺ ɪɩɟʀɺ ɩɪɣɬɛɨɛ ɝ ɮɫɣɝɥɮ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ" ©ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɝɣɤɳɩɝ ɢ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɧ ʀɢ ɐɩɦɧɛ ɭɛ ɨɛ ɭɫɠɭʀɤ ɟɠɨɷ ɬɭɛɝ ɮ Ⱦɛɦɣɲʀ ɝɝʀ ɤɳɩɝ ɮ ɬɝʀɤ ɞɩɫɩɟ ɭɛ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɝ ɬɭʀɦ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɜɛɭɷɥɛ ɭɛ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɝ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɮ ª Ȼ ɫ ȼ ɫ Ƚ ɫ Ⱦ ɫ ɚɥɣɤ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɰɫɛɧ ɬɭɛɝ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɧ ɱɠɨɭɫɩɧ ɩɪɩɫɮ ɥɣɺɨ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɩɜɦɩɞɣ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛɧɣ ɰɛɨɛ ȼɛɭɣɺ ɝ ɫ " Ȼ Ɍɩɯʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɩɜɩɫ ȼ ȿɠɬɺɭɣɨɨɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ Ƚ Ɏɬɪɠɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɩɜɩɫ Ⱦ ɇɣɰɛɤɦʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɂɩɦɩɭɩɝɠɫɰɣɤ ɬɩɜɩɫ Ɏɬɭɛɨɩɝʀɭɷ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɧʀɡ ɪɩɟʀɺɧɣ ɭɛ ʀɧɠɨɛɧɣ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ 1 ʀɨʀɱʀɹɝɛɝ Ɇɹɜɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɢ·ʁɢɟ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ȼ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰ ȼ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝ ɉɬɧɩɧɣɬɦ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ɝɣɢɨɛɝ ɢɝɠɫɰɨʀɬɭɷ ɂɩɦɩɭɩʁ ɉɫɟɣ Ƚ ɋɩɧɛɨ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɮ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɮ ɧɣɭɫɩ Ⱦ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ ɋɩɧɛɨɩɝɣɲ ɪɩɦʀɹ ʉ əɫʀɤ Ȳ Ɇɷɝɩɝɣɲ Ɏɬɭɛɨɩɝʀɭɷ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɟʀɤ Ȼ ɪɠɫɳɛ ɢɞɛɟɥɛ ɨɛɢɝɣ ©Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɛª ɝ ɪɣɬɠɧɨɣɰ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛɰ ȼ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɠɨɨɺ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɛɧɣ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɢ ɰɛɨɩɧ ȼɛɭɣɾɧ Ƚ Ɇɹɜɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɢ·ʁɢɟ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ⱦ ɥɩɫɩɨɛɱʀɺ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 5 Óêðà¿íñüê³ çåìë³ â ñêëàä³ Âåëèêîãî êíÿç³âñòâà Ëèòîâñüêîãî òà ³íøèõ äåðæàâ (äðóãà ïîëîâèíà Õ²V–ÕV ñò.) Ó öüîìó ðîçä³ë³ Âè ä³çíàºòåñÿ ïðî: Âõîäæåííÿ óêðà¿íñüêèõ çåìåëü äî ñêëàäó Âåëèêîãî êíÿç³âñòâà Ëèòîâñüêîãî ²ñíóâàííÿ óêðà¿íñüêèõ óä³ëüíèõ êíÿç³âñòâ Âõîäæåííÿ óêðà¿íñüêèõ çåìåëü äî ñêëàäó Óãîðùèíè, Ìîëäà⳿, Ìîñêî⳿, Êðèìñüêîãî õàíñòâà, Îñìàíñüêî¿ ³ìïå𳿠Ãîñïîäàðñüêèé ðîçâèòîê óêðà¿íñüêèõ çåìåëü â Õ²V– ÕV ñò., ðîçâèòîê óêðà¿íñüêèõ ì³ñò ³ ìà´äåáóðçüêå ïðàâî Îñîáëèâîñò³ ðîçâèòêó óêðà¿íñüêî¿ êóëüòóðè öüîãî ÷àñó

§ 21–22. ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÑÜʲ ÇÅÌ˲ Ó ÑÊËÀIJ ÂÅËÈÊÎÃÎ ÊÍßDzÂÑÒÂÀ ËÈÒÎÂÑÜÊÎÃÎ Ɏɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɭɛ ʁʁ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɛ ɴɩɟɩ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ɏ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɺɥ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɦɣ ɪʀɟ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɪɛɨɮ ɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɛɰ ɥɩɦɣɳɨɷɩʁ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɪɩɬɭɛɦɛ Ɇɣ ɭɩɝɬɷɥɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ Ɉɛɢɝɛ ©Ɇɣɭɝɛª ɨɛ ɟɮɧɥɮ ɟɠɺɥɣɰ ɮɲɠɨɣɰ ɪɩɰɩ ɟɣɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɦɩɝɛ ©ɦɣɭɣª Ɍɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɬɦɩ ɝɩ ©ɦɣɭɝɛª ɧɩɞɦɩ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɛɭɣ ɢɦɣɭɭɺ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɫʀɲɩɥ ɭɣɧ ɪɛɲɠ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩʁ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ɝ ɫʀɲɥɮ Ɉʀɧɛɨ ɮɪɛɟɛɹɭɷ Ƚʀɦʀɺ Ⱦɛɨɲɛ ɇɠɫɠɲɛɨɥɛ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ Ɍɮɲɛɬɨʀ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥʀ ɝɲɠɨʀ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɮɹɭɷ ɨɛɢɝɮ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɢ ɧɠ ɡɛɤɭɬɷɥɣɧ ɧɠɡɛɤɭɣ ³ ɩɟɨɠ ɢ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ

ɬɦɩɝɩɧ ©ɦɠɭɮɝɛª ɴɩ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ ©ɬɝɩɜɩɟɛª ©ɝʀɦɷɨɣɤ ɥɫɛɤª ȳʁ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɥɦɛɟɠɨɩ ɝ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɲɝɠɫɭʀ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɋʀɨɞɩɦɷɟɩɧ ɺɥɣɤ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɝ ɪʀɟ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ DZȓȞȏ ǹȖȠȐȖ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ Ɍɣɨ ɋʀɨɞɩɦɷɟɛ ɇʀɨ ɟɩɝʊ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɣɝ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɮ ɜɛɭɷɥɛ ɢ ɫɩɢɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ Ɍɛɧɠ ɢ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺɧ ʀ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɮɹɭɷ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ɍɭɩɦɣɱɠɹ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɇʀɨɟɩɝʊ ɩɜɫɛɝ ɧʀɬɭɩ Ɉɩɝɩɞɫɮɟɩɥ Ɉɩɝɞɩ ɫɩɟɩɥ

Ɍɭɛɨɩɧ ɨɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɮ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɇʀɨɟɩɝʊ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɝ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɝɦɛɟʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɒɩɫɨɩʁ ɋɮɬʀ Ⱦɫɩɟɨɩ Ɍɦɩɨʀɝ ɭɛ ʀɨ ʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ȼʀɦɩʁ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɫɣɧɮɬɣɝ ɝɣɢɨɛɭɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɪɩ ɦɩɱɷɥɣɰ ɝʀɭɠɜɬɷɥɣɰ ʀ ɧʀɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ɏ ʀ ɫɫ ɇʀɨɟɩɝʊ ɢɛɝɟɛɝ ɪɩɫɛɢɩɥ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɛɧ ɴɩ ɪʀɟɨɺɦɩ ʀ ɢɧʀɱɨɣɦɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭ Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɣɧ ɥɫɩɥɩɧ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɰɫɠɴɠɨɨɺ ɮ ɫ ɢɛ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɣɧ ɩɜɫɺɟɩɧ Ɉɛ ɱɠɤ ɥɫɩɥ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɬɪɩɨɮɥɛ ɦɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɩɬɨɩɝɮ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩʁ ɭɛ ɝɩɾɨɨɩʁ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɩɬɭʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɣ ɥɩɦɣɳɨʀ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɜʀɦɩɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ

Ɏ ² ɫɫ ɇʀɨɟɩɝʊ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɝ ɪʀɟ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɝɬʀ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ȼɥ ɭɣɝɨɛ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɛ ɇʀɨɟɩɝʊɛ ɬɪɫɩɝɩɥɮɝɛɦɛ ɩɪʀɫ ʀɢ ɜɩɥɮ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɇʀɡ ɟɝɩɧɛ ɝɣɟɛɭɨɣɧɣ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɺɧɣ ɬɪɛɦɛɰɨɮɦɛ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɛ ɝʀɤɨɛ ɇʀɨɟɩɝʊ ɝʀɟɲɮɝɛɹɲɣ ɴɩ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɾ ɝʀɤɨɮ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɝɬɺ ɪɩ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɮ ɟɩ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɣɰ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ɑɹ ɟɩɪɩ ɧɩɞɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɜɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɩ ɰɫɠɴɠɨɨɺɧ ɇʀɨɟɩɝʊɛ ɢɛ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɣɧ ɩɜɫɺɟɩɧ ɮ ɫ ɍɩɟʀ ɡ ɇʀɨɟɩɝʊɛ ɜɮɦɩ ʀ ɥɩɫɩɨɩɝɛɨɩ ɔɩɪɫɛɝɟɛ ɺɥ ɪɣɳɠ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬ ©ɰɫɠɴɠɨɨɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɯɛɦɷɳɣɝɠ Ƚʀɨ ɪɫɣɨɩɬɣɝ ɡɠɫɭɝɣ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɜɩɞɛɧ ɬɪɛɦɹɝɛɝ ɭʀɦɛ ɪɩɧɠɫɦɣɰ ʀ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɩ ɬɪɫɛɝɦɺɝ ɬɝɩʁ ɺɢɣɲɨɣɱɷɥʀ ɩɜɫɺɟɣª

Óêðà¿íñüê³ çåìë³ â ñêëàä³ Âåëèêîãî êíÿç³âñòâà Ëèòîâñüêîãî òà ³íøèõ äåðæàâ (äðóãà ïîëîâèíà Õ²V–ÕV ñò.)

ǰȓșȖȘȓ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȜ ǹȖȠȜȐȟȪȘȓ

Ɏ ɭɩɤ ɡɠ ɲɛɬ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɺɥɣɤ ɞɩɭɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɟɩ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɢ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɛɧɣ ɭɠɡ ɜɮɦɩ ɥɩɫɩɨɩɝɛɨɩ ȿɝɛ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦʀ ɝʀɟ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɪɠ ɫɠɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɟɩ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɩɹɢɨɣɱɷɥɣɰ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨ ɬɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɣɰ ɟɣɨɛɬɭɣɲɨɣɧ ɳɦɹ ɜɩɧ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɟʀɭɠɤ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɺɥ ɝɛɧ ɮɡɠ ɝʀɟɩ ɧɩ ɬɣɨ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ ɓɝɛɫɨɩ ɬɭɛɝ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ȿɝʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɟɦɺ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɨɠɧɩɝɜɣ ɴɣɭɩɧ ɝʀɟ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɩ ɭɛɭɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɨɛɜʀɞʀɝ

ǰȓȔȎ DZȓȒȖȚȳțȎ ȡ ǰȳșȪțȬȟȳ ȟȡȥȎȟțȖȗ ȐȖȑșȭȒ

189

190

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 5

ǯȖȠȐȎ țȎ ǿȖțȳȣ ǰȜȒȎȣ

I əɤɢɣ ɟɬɚɩ ɛɢɬɜɢ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɡɢɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɿ" ɉɟɪɲɢɣ ɟɬɚɩ ɛɢɬɜɢ ɉɪɨɬɢɫɬɨɹɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɿɥɟɧɨʀ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɜɿɞɞɿɥɢ ɨɪɞɢ ɿ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɩɿɜɤɨɥɨɦ ɩɨɞɿɥɟɧɢɯ ɧɚ ɲɿɫɬɶ ɡɚɝɨɧɿɜ ɜɿɣɫɶɤ Ɉɥɶɝɟɪɞɚ ɇɟɜɞɚɥɚ ɫɩɪɨɛɚ ɨɪɞɢɧɰɿɜ ɡɧɢɳɢɬɢ ɡɚɝɨɧɢ ɭ ɰɟɧɬɪɿ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨ ɪɨɡɫɬɭɩɚɥɨɫɹ ɿ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɥɨ ɤɿɧɧɨɬɭ ɨɛɫɬɪɿɥɸɸɱɢ ʀʀ ɡ ɛɨɤɿɜ

Ⱦɪɭɝɢɣ ɟɬɚɩ ɛɢɬɜɢ ȼɿɣɫɶɤɚ Ɉɥɶɝɟɪɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɭ ɧɚɫɬɭɩ ɩɪɚɝɧɭɬɶ ɨɬɨɱɢɬɢ ɨɪɞ ɧɢɰɿɜ ɿ ɡɧɢɳɢɬɢ Ɉɪɞɢɧɰɿ ɧɟ ɜɢɬɪɢɦɭɸɬɶ ɧɚɬɢɫɤɭ ɿ ɜɿɞɫɬɭɩɚɸɬɶ Ȼɢɬɜɚ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɥɚɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɫɥɿɞɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɚɦɢ Ɉɥɶɝɟɪɞɚ ɡɚ ɥɢɲɤɿɜ ɨɪɞɢ

ǸțȭȕȪ ȼȓȒȖȚȳț

Ɋɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɓɝɛɫɨɛ ɟɩ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɝ Ɇɣɭɝʀ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɦɛɬɺ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɛ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀɺ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɾ Ɇɣɭɝɛ ɢɛ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɥɨɺɢɺ ʉɠɟɣɧʀɨɛ ² ɫɫ ɺɥɣɤ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɣɝ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɭɠ ɇʀɨɟɩɝʊɩɧ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɜʀɦɩɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠ ɧɠɦɷ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ʉɠɟɣɧʀɨ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɝ ɨɩɝɮ ɬɭɩɦɣɱɹ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ƚʀɦɷɨɩ Ɋɩɟɛɦɷɳɠ ɪɫɩɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɬɭɫɣɧɮɝɛ

Óêðà¿íñüê³ çåìë³ â ñêëàä³ Âåëèêîãî êíÿç³âñòâà Ëèòîâñüêîãî òà ³íøèõ äåðæàâ (äðóãà ïîëîâèíà Õ²V–ÕV ñò.)

191

ɦɩɬɺ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɹ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɹ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɪʀɬɦɺ ʁʁ ɢɛɞɣɜɠɦʀ Ɇɣɭɝɛ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɟɩ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ɋɠɫɳɣɧ ɝɛɞɩɧɣɧ ɢɟɩɜɮɭ ɥɩɧ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ɬɭɛɦɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨɷ ɟɠ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɬɭɛɝ ɬɣɨ ʉɠɟɣɧʀ ɨɛ Ɇɹɜɛɫɭ Ɋɩɟɛɦɷɳɠ ɪɫɩɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɦɣɭɩɝɱʀɝ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɝʀɟ ɜɮɦɩɬɺ ɢɛ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɉɦɷʊɠɫɟɛ ² ɫɫ ɺɥɣɤ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɜɮɝ ɬɣɨɩɧ ʉɠɟɣɧʀɨɛ Ƚʀɨ ǸțȭȕȪ ǼșȪȽȓȞȒ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ³ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɫ ɩɝɩɦɩɟʀɝ Ʌɣɾ ɝɩɧ ɭɛ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɣɳɨʀɧɣ ɢɠɧɦɺɧɣ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɒɠɫɨʀɞɩɝɩ Ɍʀ ɝɠɫɴɣɨɩɹ ɭɛ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɹ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɩɹ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɴɣɨɣ Ɏ ɪɩɰɩɟɛɰ ɉɦɷʊɠɫɟɮ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɦɛ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɛ ɢɨɛɭɷ ɺɥɛ ɫɛɟɳɠ ɝɩɦʀɦɛ ɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɨɛɟ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɮ ɢɝɠɫɰ ɨʀɬɭɷ ɨʀɡ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɮ Ɏɬɪʀɳɨɠ ɪɫɩɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɦɣɭɩɝɱʀɝ ɟɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɒɩɫɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɨɠɧɣɨɮɲɠ ɝɣ ɥɦɣɥɛɦɩ ɩɪʀɫ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɩ ɭɛɭɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɭɠɧɨɣɥʀɝ ɴɩ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɦɣ Ɋɩɟʀɦɦɺɧ ʀ ɪɫɣɲɩɫ ɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɬɭɠɪɛɧɣ Ƚɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɛ ɜɣɭɝɛ ɬɭɛɦɛɬɺ ɝ ɫ ɢɛ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɝʀɟɩɧɩ ɬɭɺɧɣ ³ ɮ ɫ ɨɠɪɩɟɛɦʀɥ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ɍɣɨʀ Ƚɩɟɣ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɺɥ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɝɲɠɨɣɰ ɱɠ ɫʀɲɥɛ Ɍɣɨɹɰɛ ɴɩ ɝɪɛɟɛɾ ɝ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɣɤ ȼɮɞ ɨɠɪɩɟɛɦʀɥ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ɉɩɝɩ Ȼɫɰɛɨɞɠɦɷɬɷɥ ɂɟɩɜɮɝɳɣ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɮ ɉɦɷʊɠɫɟ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɝɣɭʀɬɨɣɝ ɩɫɟɣɨɱʀɝ ʀɢ Ɋɩɟʀɦɦɺ Ɋɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɣɧ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥɩɧ ɜɣɭɝɣ ɨɛ Ɍɣɨʀɰ Ƚɩɟɛɰ ɜɮɦɩ ɝʀɟɬɮɨɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɧɠɡ ɂɩɦɩɭɩʁ ɉɫɟɣ ɝ ɪɩɨɣɢɢʀ ȿɨʀɬɭɫɛ ɤ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɞɩ ȼɮɞɮ ɟɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɨɩʁ ɬɧɮɞɣ ɛ ɨɛ ȿɨʀɪɫʀ ³ ɟɩ ɪɩɫɩɞʀɝ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɩɧ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɬɮɭɭɾɝɠ ɪɩɬɦɛɜɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɝɪɦɣɝɮ ɭɛɭɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɩɫɟ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɨɛ ɢɛɰʀɟ ɝʀɟ ȿɨʀɪɫɛ ʀ ɢɛɞɩɬɭɫɠɨɨɺ ɬɮɪɠ ɫɠɲɨɩɬɭɠɤ ɮ ɂɩɦɩɭʀɤ ɉɫɟʀ Ɉɛɬɦʀɟɥɩɧ ɮɬɪʀɳɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɉɦɷʊɠɫɟɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɟɩɦɮɲɠɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɮ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ³ Ʌɣʁɝɴɣɨɣ ɢ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝ ɴɣɨɩɹ Ɋɩɟʀɦɦɺ ʀ ɒɠɫɨʀɞɩɝɩ Ɍʀɝɠɫɴɣɨɣ ɓɝɣɟɥɣɤ ɪɠɫɠɰʀɟ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɮ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ɪɩɺɬɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɯɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɨɠ ɢɧʀɨɹɝɛɦɣ ʀɬɨɮɹɲɣɰ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨ ɨɠ ɪɩɫɮɳɮɝɛɦɣ ɭɫɛ ɟɣɱʀɤ ɺɥʀ ɬɥɦɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɱɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɂɜɠɫʀ ɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɛ ɝʀɫɛ ɧɩɝɛ ɬɮɟɩɲɣɨ ɬɭɝɩ Ɇɣɭɩɝɱʀ ɟʀɺɦɣ ɢɛ ɪɫɣɨɱɣɪɩɧ ©ɇɣ ɬɭɛɫɩɝɣɨɣ ɨɠ ɫɮɳɣɧɩ ʀ ɨɩɝɣɢɨɣ ɨɠ ɝɝɩ ɟɣɧɩª ȿɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɥɩɦɣɳɨʀ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɬɭɝɛ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɣ ɫɠɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɬɣɦɣ ɺɥɛ ɧɩɞɦɛ ɜɣ ɪɫɩɭɣɬɭɩɺɭɣ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪɫɩɬɮɝɛɨɨɹ Ɋɫɣɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɟɩ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɟɛɦɩ ȀȞȎȘȎȗȟȪȘȖȗ ȕȎȚȜȘ ³ ȞȓȕȖȒȓțȤȳȭ ɉɦɷʊɠɫɟɩɝʀ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɤ șȖȠȜȐȟȪȘȖȣ ȘțȭȕȳȐ ȟȡȥȎȟțȖȗ ȐȖȑșȭȒ

192

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 5

ɨɛ ʀɨɳɮ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɫɮɬɷɥɮ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɮ Ɉɛ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɳɦɺɰɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɧ ɝɩɫɩɞɩɧ ɜɮɦɛ ɇɩɬɥɝɛ Ƚʀɟɥɫɣɭɣɤ ɥɩɨɯɦʀɥɭ ɧʀɡ ɩɜɩɧɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛɧɣ ɴɩ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɦɣ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɭɣ ɪʀɟ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɮ ɋɮɬʀ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɬɪɛɦɛɰɨɮɝ ɮ ɫ ʀ ɭɫɣɝɛɝ ɨɠ ɩɟɨɠ ɬɭɩ ɦʀɭɭɺ

I Ʉɨɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɥɨ ȼɟɥɢɤɟ ɤɧɹɡɿɜɫɬɜɨ Ʌɢɬɨɜɫɶɤɟ" ɍ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɪɨɰɿ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɚɫɹ ɛɢɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɋɢ ɧɿɯ ȼɨɞɚɯ" əɤɿ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɿ ɡɟɦɥɿ ɭɜɿɣɲɥɢ ɞɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɤɧɹɡɿɜɫɬɜɚ Ʌɢɬɨɜɫɶɤɨ ɝɨ ɜ ɏȱ9 ɫɬ "

Ƚʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɮɟʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ ɨɛ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɭɛ ʁɰ ɦʀɥɝʀɟɛɱʀɺ Ʌɫɠɝɬɷɥɛ ɮɨʀɺ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɟɩɦɮɲɠɨɨɺ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɟɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɮ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɇɣɭɩɝ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɉɦɷʊɠɫɟ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɝ ɮɟʀɦɷɨɣɤ ɮɬɭɫʀɤ Ȼɦɠ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ ɬɭɩɺɦɣ ɪɫɠɟ ɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɣ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀɤ ʉɠɟɣɧʀɨɩɝɣɲʀɝ ʀ ɉɦɷʊɠɫɟɩɝɣɲʀɝ ɍɛɥ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɬɷɥɠ Ɉɩɝɞɩɫɩɟ Ɍʀɝɠɫɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɋɠɫɠ ɺɬɦɛɝɴɣɨɮ ʀ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɮɟʀɦɣ ɨɛ Ɋɩɟʀɦɦʀ ɉɦɷʊɠɫɟ ɫɩɢɟɛɝ ɬɣɨɛɧ ʀ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɣɥɛɧ Ɉɛ ɲɩɦʀ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɬɭɛɝ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɉɦɷʊɠɫɟɩɝɣɲ ɨɛ Ɋɩɟʀɦɦʀ ³ əɫʀɤ Ʌɩ ɫʀɛɭɩɝɣɲ ɨɛ Ɉɩɝɞɩɫɩɟ Ɍʀɝɠɫɴɣɨʀ ³ ȿɧɣɭɫɩ Ʌɩɫɣɜɮɭ ɭɩɴɩ Ɏɟʀɦɷɨʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɮ ɝɛɬɛɦɷɨʀɤ ɢɛ ɦɠɡɨɩɬɭʀ ɝʀɟ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɤ ɢɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ©ɬɦɮ ɡɣɭɣ ɝʀɫɨɩª ɝɣɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɴɩɫʀɲɨɮ ɟɛɨɣɨɮ ʀ ɝ ɫɛɢʀ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɣ ɝɣɬɭɛɝɦɺɭɣ ɬɝɩɾ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ Ȼɦɠ ɝɡɠ ɬɥɩɫɩ ɟɦɺ ɮɟʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɬɭɛɾ ɩɜɭɺɡɦɣ ɝɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɹɭɷ ɪɫɩ ɺɝɦɺɭɣ ɩɢɨɛɥɣ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɍɛɥʀ ɪɫɛɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɪɫɩɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɪɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɉɦɷʊɠɫɟɛ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɜɩ ɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɢɛ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɥɨɺɡɣɤ ɬɭʀɦ Ɏ ɭɩɤ ɡɠ ɲɛɬ ɪɩɬɭɛɦɩ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɢɜɠɫɠɡɠɨ ǯȞȎȠȖ ǸȜȞȳȎȠȜȐȖȥȳ ɨɺ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɱʀɦʀɬɨɩɬɭʀ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ȟȘȡșȪȝȠȡȞțȎ ȘȜȚȝȜȕȖȤȳȭ

Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɚɟɫɩ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɉɦɷ ʊɠɫɟ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɝ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɬɭɛɫɳɩɧɮ ɬɣɨɩɝʀ ɝʀɟ ɟɫɮɞɩʁ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɣ ³ ɚʊɛɤɦɮ Ƚʀɨ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɝ ɝɠɫɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɩ ɨɛɟ ɮɬʀɧɛ ʉɠɟɣ ɧʀɨɩɝɣɲɛɧɣ ɤ ɉɦɷʊɠɫɟɩɝɣɲɛɧɣ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɬɭɛɫɳʀ ɜɫɛɭɣ ³ ɬɣɨɣ ɪɠɫɳɩʁ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɣ ɉɦɷʊɠɫɟɛ ³ ɨɠ ɢɧɣɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɢ ɱɣɧ Ɋɫɩɭɣ ɚʊɛɤɦɛ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɣɦɣ ɪɩɦɩɱɷɥɣɤ ɲɠɫɨʀɞɩ ɝɩ ɬʀɝɠɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɩɟʀɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢʀ Ɍɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɱɣɧ ɜɫɛɭ ɉɦɷ ǻȎȏȳȑ ȣȞȓȟȠȜțȜȟȤȳȐ țȎ ǹȖȠȐȡ ʊɠɫɟɛ Ʌɠɤɬɭɮɭ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝ Ƚʀɦɷɨɩ ɭɛ ɮɬɮɨɮɝ ȣȡȒ ǮțȒȔȓȗ Ǹșȭȗț

Óêðà¿íñüê³ çåìë³ â ñêëàä³ Âåëèêîãî êíÿç³âñòâà Ëèòîâñüêîãî òà ³íøèõ äåðæàâ (äðóãà ïîëîâèíà Õ²V–ÕV ñò.)

193

ɚʊɛɤɦɛ ɝʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɣ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɤ ɝɭʀɥ ɟɩ ɍɠɝɭɩɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɩɫɟɠɨɮ ʀ ɢɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɣ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɝ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɪɩɦɩɨɣɝɳɣ Ʌɠɤɬɭɮɭɛ ɭɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɣɨɛ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭɛ Ɋɩ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɟɨɺɰ Ʌɠɤ ɬɭɮɭɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɟɮɳɠɨɩ ɛɦɠ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭ ɢɧʀɞ ɮɫɺ ɭɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ʀ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɣɭɣ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɋɩɢɮɧʀ ɹɲɣ ɨɠɪɠɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɛ ɚʊɛɤɦɩ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɝ ɩɪɠɫɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɮ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɺɥɛ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɲɠɫɞɩɹ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɣ ǿȝȎșȓțțȭ șȖȠȜȐȤȭȚȖ ȕȎȚȘȡ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɢ ɍɠɝɭɩɨɬɷɥɣɧ ɩɫɟɠɨɩɧ ȃȞȖȟȠȚȓȚȓșȪ Ȑ Ȟ ȣȡȒ ǮțȒȔȓȗ ɂɫɠɳɭɩɹ ɝ ɫ ɧʀɡ ɟɝɩɧɛ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɧɣ Ǹșȭȗț

ɜɮɦɩ ɮɥɦɛɟɠɨɩ Ʌɫɠɝɬɷɥɮ ɮɨʀɹ ɢɞʀɟɨɩ ɢ ɺɥɩɹ Ɇɣɭɝɛ ɧɛɦɛ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɣ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɣɢɧ ʀ ɨɛɝʀɥ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɭɣ ɟɩ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɬɝɩʁ ɦɣ ɭɩɝɬɷɥʀ ɭɛ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɉɭɡɠ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɮɹɲɣɬɷ ʀɢ Ɋɩɦɷɴɠɹ Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ɇɣ ɭɩɝɬɷɥɠ ɝɭɫɛɲɛɦɩ ɬɝɩɹ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɩɜɣɫɛɦɩ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɣɤ ɳɦɺɰ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀɤɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ

Ɏɨʀɺ ³ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɬɩɹɢ Ɏ ɨɛɳɩɧɮ ɝɣɪɛɟɥɮ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɪɠɝɨɣɰ ɮɧɩɝɛɰ ɟɝɩɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɪʀɟ ɢɝɠɫɰɨʀɬɭɹ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɨɛɫɰɛ

Ɏ ɫ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɚʊɛɤɦɩ ɩɰɫɠɬɭɣɝɬɺ ɢɛ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɣɧ ɩɜɫɺɟɩɧ ɪʀɟ ʀɧ·ɺɧ Ƚɦɛɟɣɬɦɛɝ ɩɟɫɮɡɣɝɬɺ ɢ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɹ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɝɩɹ ɚɟɝʀ ʊɩɹ ɤ ɬɭɛɝ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɛ ɩɟɨɩɲɛɬɨɩ ɤ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɣɧ Ɍɭɛɝɳɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ ɚʊɛɤɦɩ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩ ɝɢɺɝɬɺ ɢɛ ɫɠɛ ɦʀɢɛɱʀɹ ɮɧɩɝ ɮɨʀʁ Ɋɩɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɰɫɠɴɠɨɨɺ ɦɣɭɩɝɱʀɝ ɢɛ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɣɧ ɩɜɫɺɟɩɧ ɛ ɦɣɭɩɝɱʀ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɥɣ ɩɭɫɣɧɛ ɦɣ ɭɛɥʀ ɡ ɪɫɣɝʀɦɠʁ ɺɥ ʀ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɛ ɝɠɫɰʀɝɥɛ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɣɝɠɟɠɨɩ ɟɩ ɪɫɣɬɺɞɣ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɮɟʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ȳɰɨɺ ɝɛɬɛɦɷɨɛ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɚʊɛɤɦɛ ɝɣɫɛ ɡɛɦɛɬɷ ɮ ɝɣɪɦɛɭʀ ɴɩɫʀɲɨɩʁ ɟɛɨɣɨɣ ɭɛ ɝ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩɬɭʀ ɨɛɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɮ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɮ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɹ Ɏ ɝɬɷɩɧɮ ʀɨɳɩɧɮ ɝɩɨɣ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɩɝɨɩɹ ɬɝɩɜɩɟɩɹ ɍɛɥ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɉɦɷʊɠɫɟɩɝɣɲ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɥɛɫɜɮɝɛɝ ɝɦɛɬɨɮ ɧɩɨɠɭɮ Ɋɫɩɭɠ Ʌɫɠɝɬɷɥɩɹ ɮɨʀɾɹ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɠɝɟɩɝɩɦɠɨʀ ɟɠɺ ɥʀ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɺɥɣɰ ɬɭɛɝ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭ Ƚɩɨɣ ǰȓșȖȘȖȗ șȖȠȜȐȟȪȘȖȗ ȘțȭȕȪ ǰȳȠȜȐȠ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɣɦɣ ɢɛ ɢɜɠɫɠɡɠɨɨɺ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɩɬɭʀ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ȳɰɨɺ

194

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 5

ǯȖȠȐȎ țȎ Ȟ ǰȜȞȟȘșȎ Ȟ

ɢɜɫɩɤɨɛ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢɧɮɬɣɦɛ ɚʊɛɤɦɛ ɝ ɫ ɝɣɢɨɛɭɣ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭɛ ɨɛɧʀɬɨɣɥɩɧ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ʀ ɝʀɨ ɯɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɬɭɛɝ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ Ȼɦɠ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɨɩɝɞɩɫɩɟ ɬʀɝɠɫɬɷɥɣɤ ȿɧɣɭɫɩ Ʌɩɫɣɜɮɭ ʀ ɪɩ ɟʀɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɏɠɟʀɫ Ʌɩɫʀɛɭɩɝɣɲ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɝɣɢɨɛɭɣ ɝɦɛɟɮ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭɛ Ɍɪɛɦɛɰɨɮɦɛ ɢɜɫɩɤɨɛ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɺɥɩʁ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝ ɦʀɥɝʀɟɛɱʀɹ ɮɟʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ ȿɩ ɥʀɨɱɺ ɰ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɐȲ9 ɬɭ ɝɬʀ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɮɟʀɦɷɨʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɢɨɣɥɦɣ Ʌɨɺɢʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɛɧʀɨɠɨʀ ɨɛ ɨɛɧʀɬɨɣɥʀɝ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭɛ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɭɛɥɣɧ ɟʀɺɧ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭ ɬɪɫɣ ɺɝ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɭɛ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɹ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨɩɬɭʀ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ʌɫɠɝɬɷɥɮ ɮɨʀɹ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɥɛɬɩɝɛɨɩ Ƚɦɛɟɮ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭɛ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɛ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɛ ɢɨɛɭɷ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɪɩɥɛɭɩɦɣɲɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɝɜɛɲɛɦɛ ɝ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɺ ɢɟɛɭɨɩɞɩ ɪɫɩɭɣɬɭɩɺɭɣ ɢɛɢʀɰɛɨɨɺɧ ɇɩɬɥɝɣ ʀ ɨɛɪɛ ɟɛɧ ɭɛɭɛɫ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɪɦɛɨɛɧ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭɛ ɢ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɮ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɹ ɟɠɫ ɡɛɝɮ ɨɠ ɬɮɟɣɦɩɬɺ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɭɣɬɺ Ɏɦʀɭɥɮ ɫ ɝ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɨɛ ɫʀɲɱʀ Ƚɩɫɬɥɦɛ ɝʀɨ ɢɛɢɨɛɝ ɱʀɦɥɩɝɣɭɩʁ ɪɩɫɛɢ ɥɣ ɝʀɟ ɭɛɭɛɫ ʀ ɜɮɝ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɳɮɥɛɭɣ ɪɩɫɩɢɮɧʀɨɨɺ ɢ ɚʊɛɤɦɩɧ ɑɺ ɪɩɟʀɺ ɧɛɦɛ ɴɠ ɩɟɣɨ ɭɫɛɞʀɲɨɣɤ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɟɦɺ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɨɠʁ ɪɩɦɺɞɦɩ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɨɛɴɛɟɥʀɝ ɋɹɫɣɥɩɝɣɲʀɝ ɴɩ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɪɩɬɦɛɜɣɦɩ ǽȓȥȎȠȘȎ Șțȭȕȭ ǰȳȠȜȐȠȎ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɮ ɨɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɮ ɠɦʀɭɮ

Óêðà¿íñüê³ çåìë³ â ñêëàä³ Âåëèêîãî êíÿç³âñòâà Ëèòîâñüêîãî òà ³íøèõ äåðæàâ (äðóãà ïîëîâèíà Õ²V–ÕV ñò.)

195

ɬʀɲɨɺ ɫ ɮ Ƚʀɦɷɨɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɮɥɦɛɟɠɨɩ ɮɨʀɹ ɢɞʀɟɨɩ ɢ ɺɥɩɹ Ƚɠɦɣ ɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɠ ɝɣɢɨɛɝɛɦɩ ɝɛɬɛɦɷɨɮ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɝʀɟ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ Ɏɬʀ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥʀ ɤ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɪɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭɛ ɧɛɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɤɭɣ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɪɩɦɷ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɑɺ ɮɨʀɺ ɩɢɨɛɧɠɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɪɩɺɝɮ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɫɩɭɣɝɨɣɥɛ ɢɜɦɣɡɠɨɨɺ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ɭɛ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ³ ɧɩɦɩɟɳɩɞɩ ɜɫɛɭɛ ɚʊɛɤɦɛ Ɍɝɣɟɫɣʊɛɤɦɛ ɉɦɷʊɠɫɟɩɝɣɲɛ ȼȞȬțȐȎșȪȒȟȪȘȎ ȏȖȠȐȎ ɺɥɣɤ ɯɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɝɭɫɛɲɛɝ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɨɛɬɦʀ ɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɥɨɺɡɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ Ɏɥɦɛɝɳɣ Ƚʀɦɠɨɬɷɥɮ ɮɨʀɹ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭ ʀɢ ɨɩɝɣɧ ɢɛɝɢɺɭɭɺɧ ɮɢɺɝɬɺ ɢɛ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɝɩ ɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ƚʀɨ ɟɩɬɺɞ ɮɬɪʀɰɮ ɮ ɝʀɤɨʀ ɢ ɇɩɬɥɝɩɹ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɝɳɣ ɟɩ ɬɠɜɠ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ʁʁ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ Ɏ Ɉɩɝɞɩɫɩɟʀ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭ ɪɫɣɝʀɝ ɟɩ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɫɣɰɣɦɷɨɣɥʀɝ ɛ ɋɺɢɛɨɬɷɥɠ ʀ ɍɝɠɫɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɝɣɢɨɛɦɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɝɛɬɛɦɷɨɮ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɨɷɩɞɩ Ɏɪɩɫɺɟɥɮ ɝɛɝɳɣ ɭɛɥɣɧ ɲɣɨɩɧ ɬɝɩʁ ɬɰʀɟɨʀ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɣ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ Ɋɩɦɷɴɠɹ ɝɢɺɝ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɮ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɢ ɍɠɝɭɩɨɬɷɥɣɧ ɩɫɟɠɨɩɧ ɺɥɛ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɣɦɛɬɺ ʉɫɹɨɝɛɦɷɟɬɷɥɩɹ ɜɣɭɝɩɹ ɫ

Ɏ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɮ ɚʊɛɤɦɛ ɭɛ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɝɣɰʀɟɱʀɝ ɢ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɍɛɥ ʀɢ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɦɥʀɝ ɳʀɬɭɷ ɜɮɦɩ ɮɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɭɩɝɛɨɩ ɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨʀ ɭɛ ɨɛ Ɋɩɟʀɦɦʀ ȿɩ

ǽȜșȘȖ ȕ ȡȘȞȎȴțȟȪȘȖȣ ȕȓȚȓșȪ ȡ ȏȜȬ ȝȳȒ ȼȞȬțȐȎșȪȒȜȚ ȣȡȒ Ǯ ǼȞșȪȜțȜȐ

I ɉɨɥɤɢ ɡ ɹɤɢɯ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɢɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɿ"

196

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 5

ɬɥɦɛɟɮ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɴɩ ɨɛɦʀɲɮɝɛɦɩ ɪɩɦ ɥʀɝ ɝɰɩɟɣɦɩ ɬʀɧ ɬɯɩɫɧɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɨɛ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧ ɦɺɰ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɣ ɨɛɟ ɍɠɝɭɩɨɬɷɥɣɧ ɩɫɟɠɨɩɧ ɴɩ ɬɭɛɝ ɝɛɬɛɦɩɧ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ɉɩɝɮ ɫɩɢɬɭɛɨɩɝɥɮ ɬɣɦ ɜɮɦɮ ɢɛɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɩ Ⱦɩɫɩɟɠɦɷɬɷɥɩɹ ɮɨʀɾɹ ɫ ɑɠɤ ɟɩɥɮɧɠɨɭ ɝɣɢɨɛɝɛɝ ɨɠ ǮȘȠ DZȜȞȜȒȓșȪȟȪȘȜȴ ȡțȳȴ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ʀ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭɛ ɛɦɠ ɪʀɟ ɢɝɠɫɰɨʀɬɭɹ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɮɨʀɺ ɪʀɟɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɝɛɦɛ ɪɫɣɝʀɦɠɤɩɝɛɨɠ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɠ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɥʀɝ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɧɩɞ ɦɣ ɩɜʀɤɧɛɭɣ ɝɣɴʀ ɪɩɬɛɟɣ ɝ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ ɑʀ ɪɮɨɥɭɣ ɬɪɫɩɝɩɥɮɝɛɦɣ ɩɜɮɫɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɬɦɛɝɨɩʁ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɭɛ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɣɦɣ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɤ ɥɩɨɯɦʀɥɭ ɮ Ɇɣɭɝʀ ɴɩ ɝɣɜɮɰɨɮɝ ɮɡɠ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭɛ Ɉɩɝʀ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɣ ɟɛɦɣ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ Ƚʀɭɩɝ ɭɮ ɨɛɟɛɦʀ ɫɩɢɳɣɫɹɝɛɭɣ ɧɠɡʀ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɟɠɫɡɛ ɝɣ ȿɩɧɩɝɣɝɳɣɬɷ ʀɢ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫɠɧ ɂɩɦɩɭɩʁ ɉɫɟɣ ɍɩɰɭɛɧɣɳɠɧ ɝʀɨ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝ ɩɬɝɩɾɨ ɨɺ ɲɩɫɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɧʀɡ ȿɨʀ DZȜȞȜȒȓșȪȟȪȘȎ ȡțȳȭ

ǵ·ȴȕȒ ȚȜțȎȞȣȳȐ ȡ ǹȡȤȪȘȡ Ȟ ȣȡȒ Ƿ ǺȎȘȓȐȳȥȡȟ

Óêðà¿íñüê³ çåìë³ â ñêëàä³ Âåëèêîãî êíÿç³âñòâà Ëèòîâñüêîãî òà ³íøèõ äåðæàâ (äðóãà ïîëîâèíà Õ²V–ÕV ñò.)

197

ɪɫɩɧ ʀ ȿɨʀɬɭɫɩɧ Ɋɩɲɣɨɛɹɭɷ ɢɝɩɟɣɭɣɬɺ ɯɩɫɭɠɱʀ ɝ ɐɛɟɡɣɜɠʁ ɢɛɫɛɢ ɉɟɠɬɛ Ʌɛɫɛ ɝɮɦʀ ȼʀɦɞɩɫɩɟʀ Ȼɥɠɫɧɛɨ ɢɛɫɛɢ ȼʀɦɞɩɫɩɟ ȿɨʀɬɭɫɩɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɒɩɫɨɩɞɩɫɩɟʀ ȿɛɳɠɝʀ ɢɛɫɛɢ ɉɲɛɥʀɝ Ƚʀɨ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɬɪɫɣɺɾ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɹ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨɩɞɩ Ʌɫɣɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɰɛɨɬɭɝɛ ɔɩɜ ɮɬɮɨɮɭɣ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɇɩɬɥɝɣ ɮ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺɰ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭ ɟɩɧɛɞɛɝ ɬɺ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɩʁ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɝ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ɏ ɫ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɩɥɫɠɧɮ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɮ ɧɣɭɫɩɪɩɦʀɹ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɢ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɾɧ ɑɣɧɜɦɛɥɩɧ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɮ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨʀɤ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɱʀ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭ ɟɩɧɛɞɛɝɬɺ ɮɥɦɛɟɠɨɨɺ ɮɨʀʁ ɧʀɡ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɥɛɧɣ ʀ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɣɧɣ ɨɛ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɢɜɠɫɠɡɠɨɨɺ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɧɣ ɝɬʀɰ ɩɜɫɺɟʀɝ ʀ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɤ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɟɩɝɠɬɭɣ ɱɹ ɬɪɫɛɝɮ ɟɩ ɥʀɨɱɺ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭ ɨɠ ɢɧʀɞ ɇɩɞɮɭɨʀɬɭɷ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭɛ ɬɪɩɨɮɥɛɦɛ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫʀɝ ɟɩ ɮɥɦɛɟɠɨɨɺ ɬɩɹɢɮ ɢ ɨɣɧ Ɏ ɫ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ Ɍɝɺɴɠɨɨɩʁ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɢɛɪɫɩɪɩɨɮɝɛɝ ɥɩɫɩɨɮɝɛɭɣ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭɛ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɛɨɩ ɤ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɺɧɣ Ʌɩɫɩɨɛɱʀɹ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɩ ɨɛ ɝɠɫɠɬɨɺ ɫ Ɏ ɥɩɫɩɨɛɱʀɤɨɩɧɮ ɛɥɭʀ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ɇɣɭɩɝ ɬɷɥɠ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɳɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩɧ ɨɛ ɝʀɲɨʀ ɲɛɬɣ ɢ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀ ©ɜɮɟɮɭɷ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɨɠ ɪʀɟɝɦɛɟɨɣɧɣ ɛɜɩ ɝɛɬɛɦɛɧɣ ɨʀ ɨɛɳɣɧɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɨʀ Ɍɝɺɴɠɨɨɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɨʀ ɲɣʁɧɩɬɷ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɬɦɮɡɛɲɣ ɴɣɭɩɧ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɨɛ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɪɩɞɫɛɨɣɲɲʀ ³ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɹɲɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɺɢɣɲɨɣɱɷɥɣɰ ɨɛɪɛɟʀɝª

I ɉɪɨ ɳɨ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶ ɰɟɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ" əɤɢɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɦɚɥɨ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢ ȼɟɥɢɤɟ ɤɧɹ

ɡɿɜɫɬɜɨ Ʌɢɬɨɜɫɶɤɟ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɤɨɪɨɧɚɰɿʀ ȼɿɬɨɜɬɚ" əɤɚ ɪɨɥɶ ɜɿɞɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɹ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɦɭ ɤɧɹɡɿɜɫɬɜɭ Ʌɢɬɨɜɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɜ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɿɣ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɰɿ"

Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɮ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɥɩɫɩɨɛ ɨɠ ɪɫɣɜɮɦɛ ɟɩ Ƚʀɦɷɨɛ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ʁʁ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɠɫɠ ɰɩɪɦɠɨɩ ʀ ɢɨɣɴɠɨɩ ɪɩɦɺɥɛɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɨɠ ɜɛɡɛɦɣ ɫɩɢɫɣɝɮ ɮɨʀʁ Ʌɩɫɩɨɛɱʀɹ ɜɮɦɩ ɝʀɟ ɥɦɛɟɠɨɩ ɛ ɡɩɝɭɨɺ ɫ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭ ɨɠɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɨɩ ɪɩɧɠɫ ȿɠɺɥʀ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɣ ɪɫɣɪɮɬ ɥɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɮɧɥɣ ɴɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɭɫɮɾɨɩ

I Ʉɨɥɢ ɛɭɥɚ ɭɤɥɚɞɟɧɚ Ʉɪɟɜɫɶɤɚ ɭɧɿɹ" əɤɿ ʀʀ ɭɦɨɜɢ" ɓɨ ɡɭɦɨɜɢɥɨ ɥɿɤɜɿɞɚɰɿɸ ɭɞɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɤɧɹɡɿɜɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɢɯ ɡɟɦɥɹɯ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɦ ɤɧɹɡɟɦ ȼɿɬɨɜɬɨɦ"

Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɋɮɬɷɥɠ Ƚʀɦɷɥɩɧɣɫɬɷɥɛ ɜɣɭɝɛ ɭɛ ʁʁ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥɣ Ɋɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭɛ ɜʀɦɩɫɮɬɷɥɛ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɛ ɭɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɜɠɢ ɢɞɩ ɟɣ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɩɜɫɛɦɣ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ɍɝɣɟɫɣʊɛɤɦɛ ɉɦɷʊɠɫɟɩɝɣɲɛ ² ɫɫ ɑʀ ɟʀʁ ɪɩɬɭɛɝɣɦɣ ɪʀɟ ɢɛɞɫɩɢɮ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɠ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɮɨʀʁ Ɋɩɦɷɴɛ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɛ ɝʀɤɨɮ ȳʁ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɝɟɠɫɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨɷ ʀ Ɋɩɟʀɦɦɺ ɩɟɨɛɥ ɢɛɪɠɥɦɣɤ ɩɪʀɫ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɬɩɹɢ ɮɥɦɛɟɠɨɣɤ Ɍɝɣɟɫɣʊɛɤɦɩɧ ʀɢ ɍɠɝɭɩɨɬɷɥɣɧ ɩɫɟɠɨɩɧ ʀ ɲɠɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɞɮɬɣɭɛɧɣ ɢɛɝɛɟɣ ɦɣ ɪɩɦɺɥɛɧ ɩɝɩɦɩɟʀɭɣ ɱɣɧɣ ɢɠɧɦɺɧɣ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɮɭɫɣɧɛɭɣɬɺ ɪɫɣ ɝɦɛɟʀ Ɍɝɣɟɫɣʊɛɤ

198

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 5

ɦɩ ɨɠ ɢɧʀɞ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɛ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɛ ɢɨɛɭɷ ɴɩ ɜɩɺɦɛɬɺ ɝɭɫɛɭɣɭɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɪɫɣɝʀɦɠʁ ɝɲɣɨɣɦɛ ɢɛɥɩɦɩɭ ʀ ɪɩɬɛɟɣɦɛ ɨɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɥɨɺɡɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɜɫɛɭɛ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭɛ Ɍɣʊʀɢɧɮɨɟɛ Ʌɠɤɬɭɮɭɩɝɣɲɛ ² ɫ Ɍɝɣɟɫɣʊɛɤɦɩ ɦɠɟɷ ɮɫɺɭɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɝɭɠɲɠɹ Ɍɣʊʀɢɧɮɨɟ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɝ Ƚʀɦɠɨɬɷɥɮ ɮɨʀɹ ɫ ɛɦɠ ɪɩɳɣɫɣɭɣ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɨɛ ɝɬɠ Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɠ ɨɠ ɢɧʀɞ ȼɠɫɠɬɭɠɤɴɣ ɨɛ Ɋʀɟɦɺɳɳɺ Ɋɩɦɩɱɷɥɛ Ƚʀɭɠɜɬɷɥɛ Ɍɧɩɦɠɨɬɷɥɛ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ɍʀɝɠɫɴɣɨɛ Ʌɣʁɝɴɣɨɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨɷ ɭɛ Ɍɰʀɟɨɠ ǸțȭȕȪ ǿȐȖȒȞȖȽȎȗșȜ Ɋɩɟʀɦɦɺ ɝɣɢɨɛɦɣ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫɠɧ Ɍɝɣɟɫɣʊɛɤɦɛ ɭɛ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɦɣɬɺ ɮ Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɋɮɬɷɥɠ Ɍɪɣɫɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɮ ɱɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ɍɝɣɟɫɣʊɛɤɦɩ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝ ɮɬɪʀɳɨɣɤ ɨɛ ɬɭɮɪ ɪɫɩɭɣ Ɍɣʊʀɢɧɮɨɟɛ ɂɛɨɠɪɩɥɩɾɨʀ ɭɛɥɣɧ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɩɧ ɪɩɟʀɤ Ɍɣʊʀɢɧɮɨɟ ʀ ɚʊɛɤɦɩ ɝɨɠɬɦɣ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɥɩɫɠɥɭɣɝɣ ɟɩ ɮɞɩɟɣ ɪɫɩ ɮɨʀɹ Ɏ ʀ ɫɫ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɟɛɨɩ ɛɥɭɣ ɺɥʀ ɢɫʀɝɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɝ ɪɫɛɝɛɰ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɮ ʀ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɮ ɢɨɛɭɷ Ȼɦɠ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɣɧ ɨɛɟɛɦʀ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɺɦɩɬɺ ɩɜʀɤɧɛɭɣ ɨɛɤɝɣɴʀ ɪɩɬɛɟɣ ɝ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ ɑʀ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɥɣ ɟɠɴɩ ɢɧɠɨɳɣ ɦɣ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɣɰɣɦɷɨɣɥʀɝ Ɍɝɣɟɫɣʊɛɤɦɛ ɺɥɣɤ ʀ ɜɠɢ ɭɩɞɩ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɨɠɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨʀɬɭɹ ɬɰɣɦɷɨʀɬɭɹ ɟɩ ʀɨɭɫɣɞ ɜɠɢɪɫɣɨɱɣɪɨʀɬɭɹ ɨɛɟɧʀɫɨɩɹ ɪʀɟɩɢɫʀɦʀɬɭɹ ɤ ɡɩɫɬɭɩɥʀɬɭɹ ɝʀɟɳɭɩɝɰɮɝɛɝ ɝʀɟ ɬɠɜɠ ɢɨɛɲɨɮ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɩɭɣɝɨɣɥʀɝ Ɍɣʊʀɢɧɮɨɟɛ ɍɛɥ Ɍɝɣɟɫɣʊɛɤɦɩ ɢɛɛɫɠɳɭɮɝɛɝ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɏɠɟɷɥɛ Ɉɠɬɝʀɭɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɺɥɣɤ ɮɟɛɦɩ ɝʀɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢ ɪɩɦɺɥɛɧɣ ɨɛ Ɋɩɟʀɦɦʀ ɪʀɟɩɢɫɹɹɲɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɝ ɢɛɢʀɰɛɨɨɺɰ ɨɛ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɷɥɮ ɝɦɛɟɮ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɪʀɟʀɫɝɛɦɩ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭ Ɍɝɣɟ ɫɣʊɛɤɦɛ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɩʁ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɬɪɛ ɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɣɧ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɩɞɩ ɧɣɭɫɩɪɩɦɣɭɛ Ⱦɠɫɛɬɣɧɛ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɢɝɣɨɮɝɛɭɣɦɣ ɮ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɛɰ ʀɢ ɇɩɬɥɝɩɹ Ƚɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɩɹ ɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɢɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɩ ɥɨɺɡɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɜɣɭɝɛ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɛɬɺ ɝɠɫɠɬɨɺ ɫ ɨɛ ɫʀɲɱʀ ɓɝɺɨɭʀ ɨɠɪɩ ɟɛɦʀɥ ɝʀɟ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ƚʀɦɷɥɩɧɣɫ ɢɛɫɛɢ ɧʀɬɭɩ Ɏɥɧɠɫɞɠ ɝ Ɇɣɭɝʀ Ɏ ɱʀɤ ɜɣɭɝʀ Ɍɝɣɟɫɣʊɛɤɦɩ ɭɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɰɣɦɷɨɣɥɣ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɣ ɱʀɦɥɩɝɣɭɩʁ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ɭɩɡ ʀɟɠɹ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨɩɞɩ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɋɮɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɭʀɦɠɨɩ ɝ ɡɣɭɭɺ ȿɩ ɥʀɨɱɺ ɫ Ɍɣʊʀɢ ɧɮɨɟ ɩɝɩɦɩɟʀɝ ɮɬʀɾɹ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɾɹ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ɍɣʊʀɢɧɮɨɟ ɝɣɺɝɣɝɬɺ ɧɮɟɫɣɧ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɩɧ Ƚʀɨ ɨɠ ɬɭɛɝ ɪɠɫɠɬɦʀɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɫɩɭɣɝ ǹȖȠȜȐȟȪȘȳ ȐȜȴțȖ

Óêðà¿íñüê³ çåìë³ â ñêëàä³ Âåëèêîãî êíÿç³âñòâà Ëèòîâñüêîãî òà ³íøèõ äåðæàâ (äðóãà ïîëîâèíà Õ²V–ÕV ñò.)

199

ɨɣɥʀɝ ɢɜɠɫʀɞ ɡɣɭɭɺ Ɍɝɣɟɫɣʊɛɤɦɩɝʀ Ɍɣ ʊʀɢɧɮɨɟɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɢɟɩɜɮɝ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɮ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɨɠɢɛɜɛɫɩɧ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɩɜɭɺɡɮɝɛɭɣ ʁʁ ɢɝɠɫɰɨʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɝʀɨ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɣɨɛɾ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɮ ɬɪɫɺɧɩɝɛɨɮ ɨɛ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɺ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨɩɬɭʀ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ɏ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɱʀ Ɍɣʊʀɢɧɮɨɟ ɬɪɣɫɛɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɟɫʀɜɨɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɠɝɦɛɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ ɛ ɨɠ ɨɛ ɮɟʀɦɷ ɨɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɺɥɣɰ ɝʀɨ ɩɜɧɠɡɮɝɛɝ ɑɠ ɝɣɥɦɣɥɛɦɩ ɢɧɩɝɮ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ʀ ɜʀɦɩɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɝɜɣɦɣ Ɍɣʊʀɢɧɮɨ ɟɛ Ɋɫɩɝʀɟɨɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɮ ɱʀɤ ɢɧɩɝʀ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɝɛɦɣ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ Ȳɝɛɨ ɭɛ ɉɦɠɥɬɛɨɟɫ ɒɛɫ ɭɩɫɣɤɬɷɥʀ ɪɫɩɭɠ ʁɰɨɺ ɬɪɫɩɜɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɭɣ ɨɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɥɨɺɡɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ Ɍɝɣɟɫɣʊɛɤɦɛ ǯȖȠȐȎ ȝȳȒ ǰȳșȪȘȜȚȖȞȜȚ Ȟ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɛ ɮɬɪʀɰɮ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɩɤ ɮɡɠ ɨɠ ɧɛɝ ɨʀɺɥɩɞɩ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭɮ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ɉɩ ɝɣɧ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɛ ɢɨɛɭɷ ɩɜɫɛɦɛ ɧɩɦɩɟɳɩɞɩ ɬɣɨɛ ɚʊɛɤɦɛ ³ Ʌɛɢɣɧɣɫɛ ² ɫ ɪɫɩɭɠ ɫɠɛɦɷɨɛ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɣɦɛɬɺ ɝ ɫɮɥɛɰ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɢ ɚɨɩɧ Ⱦɛɳɭɩɦɷɟɩɧ Ɏ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɨɛ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɬɪɛɦɛɰɨɮɦɩ ɪɩɝ ɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɺɥɠ ɝɟɛɦɩɬɺ ɪɫɣɜɩɫɥɛɭɣ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɥɛɧ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨʀɤ ɢɨɛɭʀ Ɋɫɩɞɩɦɩɳɠɨɨɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ Ʌɛɢɣɧɣɫɛ ɛ ɨɠ ɪɫɛɝɦɺɲɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩ ɦɺ Ƚɦɛɟɣɬɦɛɝɛ ȲȲȲ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɦɩ ɯɛɥɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɫɩɢɫɣɝ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɮɨʀʁ ɐɩɲɛ ɝ ɫ Ʌɛɢɣɧɣɫ ɬɭɛɝ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɢɛɞɣɜɠɦʀ Ƚɦɛɟɣɬɦɛɝɛ ȲȲȲ ɮ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɢ ɭɮɫɥɛɧɣ ɪʀɟ Ƚɛɫɨɩɹ Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɠ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɩ ɬɝɩɹ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɣɤ ɭɩɟʀ ɡ Ƚʀɦɠɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɣɝʀɦɠɤ ɨɛɟɛɝ ɟɩɟɛɭɥɩɝʀ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥʀɤ ʀ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨʀɤ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɂɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɺɥ ʀ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɐɛɫɭʀɺ ɝɩɦɷɨɩɬɭɠɤ ɫ ɝʀɨ ɞɛɫɛɨɭɮɝɛɝ ɨɠɟɩɭɩɫɥɛɨɨʀɬɭɷ ɩɬɩɜɣ ɝʀɟ ɛɫɠɳɭɮ ʀ ɮɝ·ɺɢɨɠɨɨɺ ɜɠɢ ɝɣɫɩ ɥɮ ɬɮɟɮ

I əɤɿ ɩɨɞɿʀ ɡɭɦɨɜɢɥɢ ɩɨɹɜɭ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɤɧɹɡɿɜɫɬɜɚ Ɋɭɫɶɤɨɝɨ" əɤɿ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ȼɿɥɶɤɨɦɢɪ ɫɶɤɨʀ ɛɢɬɜɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɢɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ"

Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ʀ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɠ ɮɟʀɦɷɨʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɉɠɢɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɮ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥʀ ɮɟʀɦɷɨʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɛɞɩɧɩɹ ɭɛ ɝɪɦɣɝɩɝɩɹ ɬɣɦɩɹ ɔɩɜ ɢɛɪɩɜʀɞɭɣ ʁʁ ɨɩɝɣɧ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɧ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɳɠɨɨɺ Ʌɛɢɣ ɧɣɫɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɦɠɨɩ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ʀ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɠ ɮɟʀɦɷɨʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɝʀɟɟɛɨɩ Ɍɝɣɟɫɣʊɛɤɦɩɝʀ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɫɛɝɣɝ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩɧ ɟɩ ɥʀɨɱɺ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɪɩɧɠɫ ɫ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɲɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɦʀɥɝʀɟɩɝɛɨɠ Ɏ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɮɟʀɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɦɠɨɩ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀɹ ɉɦɷʊɠɫ ɟɩɝɣɲʀɝ Ʌɨɺɢɠɧ ɬɭɛɝ ɬɣɨ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɉɦɷʊɠɫɟɩɝɣɲɛ ɉɦɠɥɬɛɨɟɫ ɉɦɠɦɷɥɩ

Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɩɝɣɲ ² ɫɫ

200

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 5

Ʌɨɺɢɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɉɦɠɦɷɥɛ ɭɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɣɨɛ Ɍɠɧɠɨɛ ² ɫɫ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɺɭɷ ɱʀɦʀɬ ɨɣɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɺɥɣɤ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɬɪɫɩɜɩɹ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɩɬɭʀ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ʌɫʀɧ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɺ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɉɦɠɦɷɥɩɝɣɲʀ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɦɣ ɫɩɢɳɣɫɣɭɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɍɛɥ ɪʀɟ ʁɰɨɷɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɩɪɣɨɣɦɣɬɺ Ʌɣʁɝɴɣɨɛ Ɋɠɫɠɺɬɦɛɝɴɣɨɛ ȼɫɛɱɦɛɝɴɣɨɛ Ɍɰʀɟɨɠ Ɋɩɟʀɦɦɺ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɒɠɫɨʀɞʀɝɴɣɨɣ ɉɦɠɦɷɥɩɝɣɲʀ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɣ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɨɹ ɬɭɠɪɩ ɝɣɰ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫʀɝ ȿɣɥɠ Ɋɩɦɠ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɝʀɟ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɝɠɟɮɲɣ ɢɛɪɠɥɦɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷ ɜɮ ɢ ɭɛɭɛɫɛɧɣ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɪɠɫɠɤɧɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɛɧɣ ɨɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɛ ɤ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɥɨɺ ɡɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ Ɏ ɫ Ɍɠɧɠɨ ɉɦɠɦɷɥɩɝɣɲ ɟɩɧʀɞɬɺ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɩɥɫɠɧɩʁ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɩʁ ɧɣɭɫɩɪɩɦʀʁ ɑɺ ɪɩɟʀɺ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɫɩɢɟʀɦɣɦɛ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɮ ɤ ɧɩɬ ɥɩɝɬɷɥɮ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨʀ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɂɫɩɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɩɬɭʀ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɭɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɠ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɛɨɠɪɩɥɩʁɦɩ ɝɠ ɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ Ɍɠɧɠɨɛ ǺȜțȓȠȎ ǰȜșȜȒȖȚȖȞȎ ɉɦɠɦɷɥɩɝɣɲɛ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɫ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ ǼșȪȽȓȞȒȜȐȖȥȎ ɦʀɥɝʀɟɮɝɛɝ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ȼɫɛɭ Ɍɠɧɠɨɛ ɇɣɰɛɤɦɩ ɉɦɠɦɷ

Ɋɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɰɫɩɨʀɬɭ ɚɨ ȿɦɮɞɩɳ ɪɫɩ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɣ ɦʀɥɝʀɟɛɱʀʁ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ©Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥʀ ɪɛɨɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɰɩɭʀɦɣ ɴɩɜ ɱɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɠɨɠ ɨɛ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɮ ɪɫɩɝʀɨɱʀɹ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɺɥ ʀ ʀɨɳʀ ɫɮɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ʀ ɝɣɧɛɞɛɦɣ ɭɩ ɝʀɟ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɴɩɜ ɝʀɨ ɭɮɭ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɣɝ ɨɛɧʀɬ ɨɣɥɩɧ ɇɛɫɭʀɨɛ Ⱦɛɳɭɩɦɷɟɛª Ɇʀɥɝʀɟɛɱʀɺ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɮɫɣɝɩɥ ʀɢ ©ȿɩɟɛɭɥɛ ɟɩ Ȳɪɛɭɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɮª

©ɋɩɥɮ Ɏɪɩɥɩʁɝɬɺ Ɍɠɧɠɨ ɉɦɠɦɷɥɩɝɣɲ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ Ʌɛɢɣɧɣɫ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɜɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɴɩɜ ɪɠɫɠɬɭɛɦɩ ʀɬɨɮɝɛ ɭɣ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ɨɠ ɪɩɬɛɟɣɝ ɮɡɠ ɭɛɧ Ɍɠɧɠɩɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɬɣɨɛ ɇɛɫɭʀɨɛ ɛ ɪɩɬɛɟɣɝ ɝɩɾɝɩɟɮ ɢ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ɇɛɫɭʀɨɛ Ⱦɛɳɭɩɦɷɟɭɛ ɦɺɰɛ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɰɩɭʀɦɣ ɥɣɺɨɣ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɣ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɝʀɨ ɨɠ ɜɮɝ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɛ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɝʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɦɺɰɩɧ ɩɟɨɛɥ ɜɮɟɮɲɣ ɪɫɣɧɮɳɠɨʀ ɪɩɞɩɟɣɦɣɬɺ Ȳ ɢ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɝ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɪɠɫɠɬɭɛɦɣ ɜɮɭɣ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɛ ɢɛɧʀɬɭɷ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɝɩɾɝɩɟɣª

I əɤɿ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɥɿɤɜɿɞɚɰɿʀ Ʉɢʀɜɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɭɞɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɧɹɡɿɜɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɽ əɧ Ⱦɥɭɝɨɲ"

əɤ ɩɨɹɫɧɸɽ ɥɿɬɨɩɢɫ ɧɟɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɤɢɹɧɚɦɢ ɥɢɬɨɜɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɽɜɨɞɢ" ɑɢ ɛɭɥɚ ɥɿɤɜɿɞɚɰɿɹ ɭɞɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɤɧɹɡɿɜɫɬɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɢɦ ɹɜɢɳɟɦ"

Óêðà¿íñüê³ çåìë³ â ñêëàä³ Âåëèêîãî êíÿç³âñòâà Ëèòîâñüêîãî òà ³íøèõ äåðæàâ (äðóãà ïîëîâèíà Õ²V–ÕV ñò.)

201

ɥɩɝɣɲ ɨɠ ɜɮɝ ɟɩɪɮɴɠɨɣɤ ɟɩ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɧʀɬɨɣɥɩɧ ɜɮɝ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɩ ɇɛɫɭʀɨɛ Ⱦɛɳɭɩɦɷɟɛ Ⱦɛɳɭɩɦɷɟɮ ɟɩɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɬɣɦɩɹ ɮɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɝ Ʌɣɾɝʀ ɺɥɣɤ ɨɠ ɜɛɡɛɝ ɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɨɛɧʀɬɨɣɥɩɧ ɉɭɡɠ ɬɭɛɨɩɧ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɰ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɐ9 ɬɭ ɨɛ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɬɭɛ ɭɩɲɨɩ ɦʀɥɝʀɟɩɝɛɨɩ ɮɟʀɦɷɨɣɤ ɮɬɭɫʀɤ ʀ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɩ ɝɩɾɝɩɟɬɷɥɠ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ

I Ʉɨɥɢ ɿ ɹɤ ɛɭɥɨ ɥɿɤɜɿɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɭɞɿɥɶɧɿ ɤɧɹɡɿɜɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɢɯ ɡɟɦɥɹɯ" Ƚɣɬɭɮɪɣ ɫɮɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɩʁ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɐ9 ² ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɐ9Ȳ ɬɭ Ɇʀɥɝʀɟɛɱʀɺ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɮɟʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ ɬɝʀɟɲɣɦɛ ɪɫɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɛ ɢɨɛɭɷ ɢɧʀɱɨʀɦɛ ɨɛɬɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɴɩ ɧɩɞɦɛ ɝɡɠ ɨɠ ɢɝɛɡɛɭɣ ɨɛ ʀɨɭɠɫɠɬɣ ɫɮɬɷ ɥɩʁ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɩʁ ɺɥɮ ɨɠ ɝɦɛɳɭɩɝɮɝɛɝ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɬɭɛɨ ɫɠɲɠɤ ȳʁ ɪɫɩɝʀɟɨɣɥɣ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɣ ɬɺ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɭɣ ɥɩɦɣɳɨʀɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɫɮɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɩʁ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɭɛ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɠ ɉɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɝɣɺɝʀɝ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɛ ɢɧɩɝɛ ɫ ɥɩɦɣ ɧɩɦɩɟɳʀ ɨɛɴɛɟɥɣ ɉɦɠɦɷɥɩɝɣɲʀɝ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɩɢɜɛɝɦɠɨʀ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɮɟʀɦʀɝ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɟɩɥɫɠɧɣɭɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɥɩɦɣɳɨʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɝʀɟ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɭɣ ʁɰ ɟɩ ɇɩɬɥɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɣɬɮɝɛɦɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɢʀʁ ɨɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɥɨɺɡɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɨɛ ɪɫɛɝɛɰ ɬɭɛɫ ɳɣɨɬɭɝɛ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɉɦɷʊɠɫɟɩɝɣɲʀɝ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɢɧɩɝɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɥɫɣɭɩ ɛ ɢɛɥɩɦɩɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɬɭɫɛ ɲɠɨɩ Ȳɨɭɫɣɞɛ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɝɣɫɛɢɨɩ ɢɛɬɝʀɟɲɣɦɛ ɴɩ ɫɮɬɷɥɮ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɮ ɢɨɛɭɷ ɜɮɦɩ ɮɬɮɨɮ ɭɩ ɝʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɛ ɞɩɫɮ ɮ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɧɮ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝʀ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɝɢɺɦɣ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥʀ ɥɛɭɩ ɦɣɱɷɥʀ ɧɛɞɨɛɭɣ Ɋɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ʌɛɢɣɧɣɫɛ ,9 ɚʊɠɦ ɦɩɨɲɣɥɛ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɾɧɱɠɧ ɬɭɛɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɣɨ ɉɦɠɥɬɛɨɟɫ ² ɫɫ Ɉɩɝɣɤ ɝɠɦɣ ɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɣɝ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɮ ɬɪɫɺɧɩɝɛɨɮ ɨɛ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɣ ɝɦɛɟʀ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɥʀɝ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɛ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɛ ɳɦɺɰɭɛ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛ ɦɛ ɢɛ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ʀ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɮɨʀʁ ɢ Ɋɩɦɷɴɠɹ ɝɜɛɲɛɹɲɣ ɝ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥʀɤ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɥɩɨɥɮɫɠɨɭʀɝ Ɉɛɪɫɮɡɠɨɣɧɣ ɝʀɟɨɩ ɬɣɨɛɧɣ ɧʀɡ Ɇɣɭɝɩɹ ɭɛ Ɋɩɦɷɴɠɹ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɬɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɦɛɬɺ ɇɩɬɥɝɛ ɺɥɛ ɮɥɦɛɝɳɣ ɬɩɹɢ ʀɢ Ʌɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɧ ɰɛɨɬɭɝɩɧ ɪɩɲɛɦɛ ɨɛɬɭɮɪ ɨɛ Ɇɣɭɝɮ ɇɩɬɥɝɛ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɦɛ ɍɝɠɫ ʀ Ɉɩɝɞɩɫɩɟ ɴɩ ɭɺɡʀɦɣ ɟɩ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ɢɛ ɰɩɪɣɦɛ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɝɬɹ ɒɠɫɨʀɞɩɝɩ Ɍʀɝɠɫɴɣɨɮ Ƚɠɫɰʀɝɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɨɛɴɛɟɥɣ ɋɹɫɣɥɩɝɣɲʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɦɣ ɨɛ ɬɦɮɡɜɮ ɟɩ ɧɩɬɥɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ɏ ɱɠɤ ɡɠ ɲɛɬ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɪɩ ǹȖȠȜȐȟȪȘȳ ȐȓȞȦțȖȘȖ ɲɛɦɣ ɪɩɭɠɫɪɛɭɣ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɜʀɞʀɝ ɥɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɰ

202

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 5

ɭɛɭɛɫ Ɏɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɢɛ ɨɠɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɫɮɤɨɩɝɛɨɩ ɝɬʀ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɡɠɨʀ ɢɛ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭɛ ɯɩɫɭɠɱʀ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɒɩɫɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɢɨɣɴɠɨɩ ɝɬʀ ɢɟɩɜɮɭɥɣ ɢ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ ȿɣɥɩɞɩ Ɋɩɦɺ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɴɩ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɫɛɤɩɨɣ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɝʀɟ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɩɜɠɢɦɹɟɨʀɦɣ ɍɛɥ ɟɩ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟɮ ɫɮɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɩʁ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɟɩɟɛɦɩɬɺ ɫɩɢɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɉɬɭɛɨɨʀɧ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɩɧ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɣɰ ɝɠɦɷɧɩɡ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɫ ɪʀɟ ɪɫɩ ɝɩɟɩɧ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɇɣɰɛɤɦɛ Ⱦɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɴɩ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɝ ɟɩ ɭʀɾʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɫɮɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɺɥɛ ɪɩɲɛɦɛ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩ ɬɪɫɣɤɧɛɭɣ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥʀ ʀɟɠʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɤ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥ ɇ Ⱦɫɮɳɠɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɹɲɣ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ Ⱦɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɣɬɛɝ ©Ɉɠɟɩɜɣɭɥɣ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɡɣɰ ɫɩɟʀɝ ʀ ɪɛɨʀɝ ɢɧɣɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɢʀ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɟɫɮɞɩɫɺɟɨɩɹ ɫɩɦɦɹ ɮ Ƚɠɦɣɥʀɧ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝʀ ɤ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɣ ɛɨʀ ɝʀɟɝɛɞɣ ɛɨʀ ɠɨɠɫɞʀʁ ɜɩɫɩɭɣɬɺ ɢ ɦɣɭɩɝ ɬɷɥɩɹ ɛɫɣɬɭɩɥɫɛɭʀɾɹª ɍɛɥɩɡ ɝɣɬɭɮɪ Ⱦɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɝʀɨ ɨɛɢɝɛɝ ©ɩɬɭɛɨɨɷɩɹ ɥɩɨ ɝɮɦɷɬʀɾɹ ɫɮɬɷɥɩʁ ɛɫɣɬɭɩɥɫɛɭʀʁ ɮ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɧɮ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝʀ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɧɮª

I ɑɢɦ ɛɭɥɨ ɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɨ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɢ ɪɭɫɶɤɨʀ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɧɨʀ ɡɧɚɬɿ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɿɧɰɿ ɏ9 ± ɧɚ ɩɨ ɱɚɬɤɭ ɏ9ȱ ɫɬ "

Ɋɩɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɐȲ9² ɐ9 ɬɭ Ȳɢ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɨɨɺɧ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨɣ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɛ ɠɥɬɪɛɨɬʀɺ ɨɛ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɨɠ ɪɫɣɪɣ ɨɣɦɛɬɺ Ɉɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɧ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɩɧ ɢɛɢʀɰɛɨɷ ɬɭɛɦɩ Ɋɩɟʀɦɦɺ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɝʀɟɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɦɣɭɩɝɱɺɧɣ Ɋɩɟʀɦɷɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɝ ɭɛɭɛɫ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɩɬɺ Ɋɩɟʀɦɷ ɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫɺɧɣ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɥɨɺɢʀ Ʌɩɫʀɛɭɩɝɣɲʀ ɂɛ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɏɠɟɩ ɫɛ Ʌɩɫʀɛɭɩɝɣɲɛ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɟɩɧɩɞɦɩɬɺ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɱʀɦɥɩɝɣɭɩʁ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɩɬɭʀ ɚɥ ɮɡɠ ɢɞɛɟɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɝɣɴɠ ɮ ɫ ɝʀɨ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɣɝɬɺ ɝɣɢɨɛɭɣ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɦɣɭɩɝ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭɛ ɩɟɨɛɥ ɨɠ ɢɧʀɞɳɣ ɝɭɫɣɧɛɭɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɢ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭɩɧ ɜɮɝ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɭʀɥɛɭɣ ɟɩ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɣ Ɋɩɟʀɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɦʀɥɝʀɟɩɝɛɨɠ ɪɫɩ ɭɠ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭɮ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɟɩɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɜɩɫɩɨɣɭɣ Ɋɩɟʀɦɦɺ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɦɺɥʀɝ Ɋɩɦɺɥɣ ɺɥʀ ɨɠ ɜɛɡɛɦɣ ɪɩɬɣɦɠɨɨɺ ɝɦɛɟɣ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭɛ ɝɭɩɫɞɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ Ɋɩɟʀɦɦɺ ɛɦɠ ɩɝɩɦɩɟʀɭɣ ɨɣɧ ɨɠ ɢɧɩɞɦɣ Ɇɣɳɠ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɢɛɪɠɥɦɩʁ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ Ƚʀɭɩɝɭ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɜɮɝ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɣɭɣɬɺ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɹ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɩɹ ɥɫɛɹ ɨɛ ɢɛɰʀɟ ɝʀɟ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɇɮɫɛɯɣ ɢ ɧʀɬɭɛɧɣ Ʌɛɧ·ɺɨɠɱɷ Ɍɧɩɭɫɣɲ ȼɩɥɩɭɛ Ɍɥɛɦɛ ɭɛ ɒɠɫɝɩɨɩɞɫɛɟ Ȼɦɠ ɝɡɠ ɫ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɠ Ɋɩɟʀɦɦɺ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɭɩ ɦɣɭɩɝɱɺɧ Ɉɛ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢɛ ɱʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɨɠ ɬɥʀɨɲɣɦɛɬɺ Ɍɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɮɬɩɜɣɱɠɹ ɝ Ɇɣɭɝʀ ɮ ɫ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɝɭɩɫɞɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ Ɋɩɟʀɦɦɺ ɑɷɩɞɩ ɫɛɢɮ ɪɩɦɺɥɣ ɨɛɫɛɢɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɣɦɷɨɣɤ ɩɪʀɫ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨ ɨɺ ɩɲɩɦɹɝɛɨɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺɧɣ ɏɠɟɷɥɩɧ Ɉɠɬɝʀɢɷɥɣɧ ɉɦɠɥɬɛɨɟɫɩɧ Ɉɩɬɩɧ ɭɛ Ȳɝɛɳɥɩɧ ɋɩɞɛɭɣɨɬɷɥɣɧ Ɋɩɦɺɥɣ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɣ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ɛɦɠ ɬɛɧɠ ɭɩɟʀ ɧʀɡ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ Ɍɝɣɟɫɣʊɛɤɦɩɧ ʀ ɏɠɟɷɥɩɧ ɬɪɛɦɛɰɨɮɝ ɥɩɨɯɦʀɥɭ ɮ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɩɬɭɛɨ ɨʀɤ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɩɝ ɨɛ ɜʀɥ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɤ ɪɩɲɛɝ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɭɣ ɪɩɦɺɥɛɧ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɭɣ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɠ Ɋɩ ɟʀɦɦɺ

Óêðà¿íñüê³ çåìë³ â ñêëàä³ Âåëèêîãî êíÿç³âñòâà Ëèòîâñüêîãî òà ³íøèõ äåðæàâ (äðóãà ïîëîâèíà Õ²V–ÕV ñò.)

203

ɔɩɜɣ ɢɛɥɫʀɪɣɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɨɣɰ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɫ ɝ Ⱦɛɦɣɲɣɨʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɋɮɬɷɥɠ ɛ ɝ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ Ɋɩɟʀɦɦʀ ³ Ɋɩɟʀɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɝɩɾɝɩɟɬɭɝɩ Ɉɛ ɢɛɞɛɫɜɛɨɣɰ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɛ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɟɩɥɩɫʀɨɨɩ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɦɛɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩʁ Ɋɩ ɦɺɥɣ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɨɠ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɢɨɛɤɭɣ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɮ ɧɩɝɮ ɢ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩɹ ɠɦʀɭɩɹ ɛ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɢɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɡɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɩɦɷ ɬɷɥɮ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɮ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɹɲɣ ʁʁ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝ ɫɮɥɣ ɪɩɦɺɥʀɝ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦɠɝɦɛɬɨɣɥɣ ɩɭɫɣ ɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɧɛɾɭɥɣ ɛ ɝ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɢɛɪɫɩɳɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥʀ ɾɝɫɠɤɬɷɥʀ ɭɛ ɝʀɫɧɠɨɬɷɥʀ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɠɨɱʀ ɺɥʀ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɬʀɦɺɥʀ ɪʀɦɷɞɣ ʀ ɪɫɣɝʀɦɠʁ ɍɛɥɛ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɛ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɛ ɟɩ ɝɭɫɛɭɣ ɧʀɬɭɛɧɣ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɮ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɱʀɝ ȂȓȒȳȞ ǸȜȞȳȎȠȜȐȖȥ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɭʀɬɨɠɨɩ ɢ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɛ ɤ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɇʀɬɭɛɧ ɨɛɟɛɝɛ ȟȘȡșȪȝȠȡȞȎ Ȑ ǺȡȘȎȥȳȐȟȪȘȜȚȡ ȕȎȚȘȡ

ɦɩɬɺ ɧɛʊɟɠɜɮɫɢɷɥɠ ɪɫɛɝɩ ³ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɨɛ ɬɛɧɩɝɫɺɟɮɝɛɨ ɨɺ ɛɦɠ ɨɣɧ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɥɣ Ɏ Ɇɷɝɩɝʀ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥʀ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨʀ ɧʀɴɛɨɣ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɜɠɢ ɪɫɛɝɨɮ ɞɫɮɪɮ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɧʀɬɭɛ ȳɧ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɺɦɩɬɺ ɪɫɩɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɭɥɛɨɣɨɣ ɞɩɫʀɦɥɮ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɭɩɝɛɫɣ ɡɣɭɣ ɪɩɢɛ ɧɠɡɛɧɣ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɩɞɩ ɥɝɛɫɭɛɦɮ ³ ɋɮɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɮɦɣɱʀ Ɏɬʀ ɟʀɦɩɝʀ ɟɩɥɮɧɠɨɭɣ ɝ ɧʀɬɭʀ ɧɛɦɣ ɝɠɬɭɣɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɦɛɭɣɨɩɹ ɛɜɩ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɨɛ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɢɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɡɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɬɮɟɩ ɲɣɨɬɭɝɛ ɺɥɛ ɧɛɦɛ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɤ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ Ʌɩɡɠɨ ɬɭɛɨ ɧɛɝ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɤ ɬɮɟɩɝɣɤ ɩɫɞɛɨ ɓɦɺɰɭɛ ɪʀɟɦɺɞɛɦɛ ɢɠɧɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɬɮɟɮ ɧʀɴɛɨɣ ³ ɧɛɞʀɬɭɫɛɭɩɝʀ ɛ ɫɠɳɭɛ ³ ɬɭɛɫɩ ɬɭɣɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ Ɏɭɝɠɫɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɩɧ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷ ɥɩʁ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɨɛ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɮ ȿɦɺ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɢ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɣɧɣ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɥɣ ɝɡɣɝɛɦɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɢɛɰɩɟʀɝ Ɍɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɝɦɛɬɨɛ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɛ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɛɱʀɺ ɮ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫʀ Ⱦɛ ɦɣɲʀ Ɋɠɫɠɧɣɳɦʀ Ʌɛɧ·ɺɨɱʀ ɐɩɦɧʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɛɨɩ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɬɭɝɛ ɛ ɫ ɮ Ɇɷɝɩ ɝʀ ³ ɛɫɰʀɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɬɭɝɩ ȼɮɦɩ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɠɨɩ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɩɝʀ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨʀ ɰɫɛɧɣ ɭɩɟʀ ɺɥ ɬɭɛɫʀ ɢɛɲɣɨɺɦɣɬɺ Ɉɛ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɣɰ ɬɝɺ ɴɠɨɣɥʀɝ ɜɮɝ ɨɛɥɦɛɟɠɨɣɤ ɪɩɟɛɭɩɥ ɭɩɟʀ ɺɥ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɦɣ Ɋɫɛɝɩ ɬɦɛɝɨɣɧ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɺɦɩɬɺ ɬɪɫɛɝɦɺɭɣ ɩɜɫɺɟɣ ɬɝɺɭɛ ɩɜʀɤɧɛɭɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨʀ ɪɩɬɛ ɟɣ Ɉɛ ɨɣɰ ɨɛɥɣɟɛɝɬɺ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬ ɧɠɨɳɩ ɝɛɫɭɩɬɭʀ ɤ ɨɠɪɩɝɨɩɱʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɍɩɡ ɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɛɨɮ ǾȡȟȪȘȎ ȐȡșȖȤȭ ȡ ǹȪȐȜȐȳ ɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɝɛɦɩɬɷ ɩɪɩɦɺɲɠɨɨɺɧ ʀ ȟȡȥȎȟțȖȗ ȐȖȑșȭȒ

ɩɥɛɭɩɦɣɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ

204

ÐÎÇÄ²Ë 5

ȼɂɋɇɈȼɄɂ Ɏ ɐȲ9 ɬɭ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɩɪɣɨɣɦɣɬɷ ɮ ɬɥɦɛɟʀ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ɋɩɪɠɫɝɛɰ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɛ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɛ ɩɜɭɺɡɦɣɝɩɹ ɟɦɺ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩɞɩ ɦɹɟɮ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɭʀ ɨɠ ɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɦɣ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɭɫɛɟɣ ɱʀɤ ʀ ɨɠ ɢɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɡɮɝɛɦɣ ɲɩɞɩɬɷ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ Ƚʀɟɫɩɟɣɝɬɺ ɮɟʀɦɷɨɣɤ ɮɬɭɫʀɤ ɮɥɫɛ ʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɛ ɠɦʀɭɛ ɪɠɫɠɤɨɺɦɛ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɮ ɝʀɫɮ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɮ ɤ ɢɛɥɩɨɣ ɋɮɬʀ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɣ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɠɨɨɹ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɝʀɟ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɩ ɭɛɭɛɫ ȼɣɭɝɛ ɨɛ Ɍɣɨʀɰ Ƚɩɟɛɰ ɫ ɯɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɪɩ ɥɦɛɦɛ ɥɫɛɤ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɹ ɑɠ ɟɛɾ ɝɲɠɨɣɧ ɪʀɟɬɭɛɝɮ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɪɫɩ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩ ɋɮɬɷɥɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ɂɨɛɲɨɠ ɫɩɢɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɥɩɫɟɩɨʀɝ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɝɣ ɥɦɣɥɛɦɩ ɥɩɨɯɦʀɥɭɣ ʀɢ ɬɮɬʀɟɛɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɦɣ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɭɣ ɢɠɧɦɺɧɣ ɥɩɦɣɳɨɷɩʁ ɋɮɬʀ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɨɛɪɩɦɠɞɦɣɝɩ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɛɬɺ ɪɩɳɣɫɣɭɣ ɬɝʀɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ Ɍɰʀɟ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɐȲ9 ɬɭ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɩɬɺ ɢɜɦɣɡɠɨɨɺ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ɭɛ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɴɩ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɩ ɟɩ ɮɥɦɛɟɠɨɨɺ ɧʀɡ ɨɣɧɣ ɫ Ʌɫɠɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɮɨʀʁ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɹ ɢɮɬɣɦɷ ɮɟɛɦɩɬɺ ɢɛɝɟɛɭɣ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ɍɠɝɭɩɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɩɫɟɠɨɮ ʉɫɹɨɝɛɦɷɟɬɷɥɛ ɜɣɭɝɛ ɫ ɺɥɣɤ ɢɛɞɫɩɡɮɝɛɝ ɩɜɩɧ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛɧ ɂɜɦɣɡɠɨɨɺ ɢ Ɋɩɦɷɴɠɹ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɣɦɩ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɤ ɥɩɨɯɦʀɥɭ ɮ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɧɮ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝʀ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɠ ɢɜɫɩɤɨɠ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɬɭɩɺɨɨɺ ɧʀɡ ɪɫɣɰɣɦɷɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝ·ɺ ʀ ɬɭɛɫɣɰ ɮɟʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɤ ɢ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɜɩɥɮ ɭɛ ɪɫɣɰɣɦɷɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɢɜɦɣɡɠɨɨɺ ɢ Ɋɩɦɷɴɠɹ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɣɢɧɮ ɭɛ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɺ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ³ ɢ ʀɨɳɩɞɩ Ƚʀɦɷɥɩɧɣɫɬɷɥɛ ɜɣɭɝɛ ɫ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɣɦɛ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɣɤ ɳɦɺɰ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɝ ɜʀɥ ɢɜɦɣɡɠɨɨɺ ɢ Ɋɩɦɷɴɠɹ Ɏ ʀ ɫɫ ɜɮɦɩ ɦʀɥɝʀɟɩɝɛɨɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨ ɬɷɥɠ ʀ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɠ ɮɟʀɦɷɨʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɫɮɬɷɥɛ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɛ ɢɨɛɭɷ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɝɭɫɛɭɣɦɛ ɬɝʀɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ Ɏɬʀ ʁʁ ɬɪɫɩɜɣ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɭɣ ɬɭɛɫʀ ɪɩɫɺɟɥɣ ɝɡɠ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɣ ɮɬɪʀɰɮ Ɋɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɨɛ ɮɥɫɛʁɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɹɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩ ɦɣɭɩɝ ɬɷɥɠ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɝɣɭʀɬɨɠɨɨɺɧ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɩʁ ɱɠɫ ɥɝɣ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɩɹ ɢɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɡɠɨɨɺɧ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɫɺɟɥʀɝ

Óêðà¿íñüê³ çåìë³ â ñêëàä³ Âåëèêîãî êíÿç³âñòâà Ëèòîâñüêîãî òà ³íøèõ äåðæàâ (äðóãà ïîëîâèíà Õ²V–ÕV ñò.)

205

ɁȺɄɊȱɉɂɆɈ ɁɇȺɇɇə ȁ ȞȓȕȡșȪȠȎȠȳ ȭȘȜȴ ȏȖȠȐȖ ȡȘȞȎȴțȟȪȘȳ ȕȓȚșȳ ȏȡșȜ ȕȐȳșȪțȓțȜ ȐȳȒ ȚȜțȑȜșȪȟȪȘȜȑȜ ȝȎțȡȐȎțțȭ" ȇȜ ȕȡȚȜȐȖșȜ ȐȳȒțȜȟțȜ ȚȖȞțȖȗ ȝȓȞȓȣȳȒ ȞȡȟȪȘȖȣ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐ ȝȳȒ ȐșȎȒȡ ǹȖȠȐȖ" ȍȘȳ țȎȟșȳȒȘȖ ȚȎșȜ Ȓșȭ ǹȖȠȐȖ ȝȞȖȱȒțȎțțȭ ȕțȎȥțȜȴ ȥȎȟȠȖțȖ ȕȓȚȓșȪ ȘȜșȖȦțȪȜȴ Ǿȡȟȳ ȁȘȞȎȴțȖ" ȅȜȚȡ ȳȟȠȜȞȖȘȖ ȥȎȟȠȜ țȎȕȖȐȎȬȠȪ ǰȓșȖȘȓ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȜ ǹȖȠȜȐȟȪȘȓ ǹȖȠȜȐȟȪȘȜ ǾȡȟȪȘȜȬ ȒȓȞȔȎȐȜȬ" ȅȜȚȡ ȡȘșȎȒȓțțȭ ǸȞȓȐȟȪȘȜȴ ȡțȳȴ ȝȞȖȕȐȓșȜ ȒȜ ȞȜȕȘȜșȡ ȡ ǰȓșȖȘȜȚȡ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȳ ǹȖȠȜȐȟȪȘȜȚȡ" ȍȘȓ ȳȟȠȜȞȖȥțȓ ȕțȎȥȓțțȭ ȼȞȬțȐȎșȪȒȟȪȘȜȴ ȏȖȠȐȖ" ȍȘȳ ȕȓȚșȳ Ȝȏ·ȱȒțȎșȖȟȪ ȡ ǰȓșȖȘȓ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȜ ǾȡȟȪȘȓ" ȅȜȚȡ Ȑȟȳ ȐȖȟȠȡȝȖ ȝȞȎȐȜȟșȎȐțȜȴ ȕțȎȠȳ ȡ ǰȓșȖȘȜȚȡ ȘțȭȕȳȐȟȠȐȳ ǹȖȠȜȐȟȪȘȜȚȡ ȕȎȐȓȞȦȖșȖȟȭ ȝȜȞȎȕȘȜȬ" DzȜȐȓȒȳȠȪ ȎȏȜ ȟȝȞȜȟȠȡȗȠȓ ȠȐȓȞȒȔȓțțȭ ȝȞȜ Ƞȓ ȧȜ ȟȡȠȪ ȝȜșȳȠȖȘȖ ȝȜșȪȟȪȘȜȴ ȐșȎȒȖ Ȑ DZȎșȖȥȖțȳ Ȑ ȃǥ9²ȃ9 ȟȠ ȝȜșȭȑȎșȎ Ȑ ȞȡȗțȡȐȎțțȳ ȴȴ ȝȜȝȓȞȓȒțȪȜȑȜ ȒȓȞȔȎȐțȜȑȜ ȚȖțȡșȜȑȜ ȠȎ ȡȠȐȓȞȒȔȓțțȳ ȴȴ ȭȘ țȓȐȳȒ·ȱȚțȜȴ ȥȎȟȠȖțȖ ǽȜșȪȧȳ