7 всесвітня історія гісем

ɉ Ƚ Ⱦʀɬɠɧ

ȽɌɀɌȽȲɍɈɚ ȲɌɍɉɋȲɚ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɝʀɥʀɝ

ɊȲȿɋɎɒɈɃɅ ȿɆɚ ɅɆȻɌɎ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɩɬɝLɭɨLɰ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɢɛɥɦɛɟLɝ ɋɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɩɝɛɨɩ ɇʀɨʀɬɭɠɫɬɭɝɩɧ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ ʀ ɨɛɮɥɣ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ

ɌȿɊɇɈɉȱɅɖ ɇȺȼɑȺɅɖɇȺ ɄɇɂȽȺ ² ȻɈȽȾȺɇ 2015

ɎȿɅ

ȼȼɅ ɺ Ⱦ

ɋɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɩɝɛɨɩ ɇʀɨʀɬɭɠɫɬɭɝɩɧ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ ʀ ɨɛɮɥɣ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɨɛɥɛɢ ɇʀɨʀɬɭɠɫɬɭɝɛ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ ʀ ɨɛɮɥɣ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝʀɟ ʌ

ȽɃȿȻɈɉ ɂȻ ɋȻɐɎɈɉɅ ȿɀɋɁȻȽɈɃɐ ɅɉɓɍȲȽ ɊɋɉȿȻɁ ɂȻȼɉɋɉɈɀɈɉ ɋɠɱɠɨɢɠɨɭɣ

ȼɛɫɧɛɥ ɇ Ƚ ɪɫɩɯɠɬɩɫ ɥɛɯɠɟɫɣ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɍɈɊɎ ʀɧ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ⱦɨɛɭɹɥɛ ɟɩɥɭɩɫ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɨɛɮɥ Ƚɩɝɥ ə Ȳ ɝɲɣɭɠɦɷ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɂɉɓ ʌ ɧ ɍɠɫɨɩɪɩɦɺ ɝɲɣɭɠɦɷ ɧɠɭɩɟɣɬɭ

Ⱦʀɬɠɧ ɉ Ƚ Ⱦ

Ƚɬɠɬɝʀɭɨɺ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥ ɟɦɺ ɥɦ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɩɬɝʀɭ ɨɛɝɲ ɢɛɥɦ ɉ Ƚ Ⱦʀɬɠɧ ³ ɍɠɫɨɩɪʀɦɷ Ɉɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɛ ɥɨɣɞɛ ³ ȼɩɞɟɛɨ ³ ɬ ʀɦ

Ɋʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛɭɣɢɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɝɣɥɦɛɟ ɝɬɠɬɝʀɭɨɷɩʁ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɟɦɺ ɮɲɨʀɝ ɞɩ ɥɦɛɬɮ ɇɛɭɠɫʀɛɦ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɨɩɝʀɤ ɪɫɩ ɞɫɛɧʀ ɇʀɨʀɬɭɠɫɬɭɝɛ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ ʀ ɨɛɮɥɣ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ȿɦɺ ɝɲɣɭɠɦʀɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɮɲɨʀɝ ɰ ɥɦɛɬʀɝ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɩɬɝʀɭɨʀɰ ɨɛ ɝɲɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɢɛɥ ɦɛɟʀɝ ɎȿɅ

,6%1

ȼȼɅ ɺ

ɉɰɩɫɩɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧ ɪɫɩ ɛɝɭɩɫɬɷɥɠ ɪɫɛɝɩ Ɂɩɟɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɛɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɠ ɜɮɭɣ ɝʀɟɭɝɩɫɠɨɛ ɝ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀ ɜɠɢ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɮ ɛɝɭɩɫɛ ɲɣ ɝɣɟɛɝɨɣɱɭɝɛ Ⱦʀɬɠɧ ɉ Ƚ Ɉɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɛ ɥɨɣɞɛ ³ ȼɩɞɟɛɨ

,6%1 ² ² ² ²

ɎɇɉȽɈȲ ɊɉɂɈȻɒɀɈɈɚ

Ȳɬɭɩɫɣɲɨʀ ɭɠɫɧʀɨɣ ʀ ɪɩɨɺɭɭɺ

ɑʀɥɛɝɩ ɢɨɛɭɣ Ɋɩɟɛɨɩ ɟɩɟɛɭɥɩɝɮ ɱʀɥɛɝɮ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀɹ ɟɦɺ ɭɣɰ ɰɭɩ ɰɩɲɠ ɢɨɛɭɣ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ

ɇɩɝɩɹ ɟɩɥɮɧɠɨɭɛ Ɋɩɟɛɨɩ ɭɠɥɬɭɣ ɮɫɣɝɥʀɝ ɢ ɪɣɬɠɧɨɣɰ ɟɡɠ

Ȼ ɭɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ Ɋɩɟɛɨɩ ɟɛɭɩɝɛɨʀ ɪɩɟʀʁ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɺɥʀ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɬɣɨɰɫɩɨɨɩ ɢ ɪɩɟʀɺɧɣ ɴɩ ɝɣɝɲɛɹɭɷɬɺ

ɫɠɦ ɴɩ ɢɨɛɟɩɜɦɺɭɷɬɺ ɟɦɺ ɞɦɣɜɳɩɞɩ ɢɛ ɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɮ

ɂɛɥɫʀɪɣɧɩ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ Ɋɩɟɛɨɩ ɭɠɥɬɭɣ ɮɫɣɝɥʀɝ ɢ ɪɣɬɠɧɨɣɰ ɟɡɠ ɫɠɦ ɴɩ ɢɨɛɟɩɜɦɺɭɷɬɺ ɟɦɺ ɞɦɣɜɳɩɞɩ ɢɛ ɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɮ

X ɢ ɛɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɺɥʀ ɨɛɞɩɦɩɳɮɹɭɷ ɨɛ ɩɬɨɩɝ ɨʀɤ ɟɮɧɱʀ ɪɮɨɥɭɮ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯɛ

ɑɣɧɣ ɪʀɥɭɩɞɫɛɧɛɧɣ ɮ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɮ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɩ ɭʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɩɝʀ ɺɥʀ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɣ ɮ ɠɦɠɥɭɫɩɨɨʀɤ ɝɠɫɬʀʁ ɢɛ ɪɩɬɣɦɛɨɨɺɧ KWWS ZZZ ERKGDQ GLJLWDO FRP HGX

Öèâ³ë³çàö³éíà ñïàäùèíà Ñòàðîäàâíüîãî ñâ³òó Ɏ ɧɮ ɥɦɛɬʀ ɧɣ ɝɣɝɲɛɹɲɣ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ Ɍɭɛɫɩɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɟʀɢɨɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɪɠɫɝʀɬɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ Ɍɭɛɫɩɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɩ Ȱɞɣɪɭɮ ɭɛ Ɋɠɫɠɟɨɷɩʁ Ȼɢʀʁ Ȳɨɟʀʁ ɭɛ Ʌɣ ɭɛɹ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɣɰ Ⱦɫɠɱʀʁ ɭɛ ɋɣɧɮ ɇɣ ɩɢɨɛɤɩɧɣɦɣɬɺ ɢ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɣɧ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɩɧ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɩʁ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɺɝɣ ɦɹ ɟɣɨɣ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɟɩ ɝɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɪɠɫɳɣɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ Ɏɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɦɹɟɣ ɨɛɝɲɣɦɣɬɺ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɺɭɣ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɢɨɛɫɺɟɟɺ ɪɫɛɱʀ ɫɩɢɝɩɟɣɭɣ ɝɩɞɩɨɷ ɩɟɩɧɛɳɨɹɝɛɭɣ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɦʀɪɣɭɣ ɞɦɣɨɺɨɣɤ ɪɩɬɮɟ ɝɣɪɦɛɝɦɺɭɣ ɧɠɭɛɦɣ ɪɫɺɬɭɣ ɭɥɛɨɣɨɣ ɭɩɴɩ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɪɣɬɠɧɨʀɬɭɷ ɞɫɩɳʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɣ ɛɫɧʀʁ ɫɠɦʀɞʀʁ ɨɛɮɥɛ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɳɠɟɠɝɫɣ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɛ ɤ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɣ ³ ɬɦɩɝɩɧ ɝɬɠ ɭɠ ɜɠɢ ɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɬɩɜʀ ɮɺɝɣɭɣ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀɹ ɋɩɢɞɦɺɨɷɧɩ ɧɛɦɹɨɥɣ ʀ ɪɫɣɞɛɟɛɤɧɩ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɝʀɰɣ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ɍɭɛɫɩɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ

1.

əɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɥɸɞɫɬɜɚ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ"

2.

əɤɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɪɹɞɞɹɦɢ ɩɪɚɰɿ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɥɸɞɢ"

3.

əɤɿ ʀɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɡɚɧɹɬɬɹ"

1.

ɓɨ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫ ɭ ɠɢɬɬɿ ɥɸɞɟɣ" əɤɿ ɡɧɚɪɹɞɞɹ ɩɪɚɰɿ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ"

2.

əɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɥɸɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɦɚɝɚɜɫɹ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤ"

Ƚɬɭɮɪ

1.

əɤɿ ɧɨɜɿ ɡɚɧɹɬɬɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ"

2.

ɑɨɦɭ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɨɦ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɥɢ ɧɚɡɜɭ ©ɧɟɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɚ 2. ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɿɹª"

1.

2.

1.

ɇɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɡɢɤɤɭɪɚɬ 1. əɤɭ ɪɨɥɶ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɿɞɿɝɪɚɜɚɥɢ ɭ ɠɢɬɬɿ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ɇɟɠɢɪɿɱɱɹ Ɇɟɫɨɩɨ- 2. ɬɚɦɿʀ "

ɓɨ ɞɚɽ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɢ ɫɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɜɚɬɢ ɳɨ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɱɚɫɢ ɋɬɚɪɨɞɚɜɧɶɨɝɨ ȯɝɢɩɬɭ" Ɂ ɹɤɨɸ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɟ ɛɭɞɿɜɧɢɰɬɜɨ"

Ɂɚ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɿɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɨɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɛɭɞɿɜɧɢɰɬɜɨ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨʀ ɫɩɨɪɭɞɢ" Ɂ ɹɤɨɸ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɜɨɧɚ ɛɭɞɭɜɚɥɚɫɶ"

əɤɿ ɡɚɧɹɬɬɹ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ" 1.

əɤɿ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ ɜ Ⱥɮɿɧɚɯ ɡɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ" ɏɬɨ ɦɚɜ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɛɪɚɬɢ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɶ" əɤɿ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɪɿɲɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɡɛɨɪɚɯ"

2.

Ʉɨɥɢ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɨɡɤɜɿɬ ɚɮɿɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɿʀ"

ɑɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀɤɨɛ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɛ Ɍɭɛɫɩɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ

1.

əɤɟ ɦɿɫɰɟ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɩɨɞɿɹ ɡɚɣɦɚɥɚ ɜ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ ɋɬɚɪɨɞɚɜɧɶɨʀ Ƚɪɟɰɿʀ"

1.

əɤɚ ɛɢɬɜɚ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɚ Ɇɚɤɟɞɨɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ"

2.

Ʉɨɥɢ ɜɩɟɪɲɟ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɚɫɶ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɚ 2. ɩɨɞɿɹ"

ɓɨ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɨɦ ɡɚɜɨɣɨɜɧɢɰɶɤɢɯ ɩɨɯɨɞɿɜ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɚ Ɇɚɤɟɞɨɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ"

1.

ɇɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɬɪɿɭɦɮ 1. ɪɢɦɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɤɨɜɨɞɰɹ Ɂ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ- 2. ɜɨɞɭ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɥɚɲɬɨɜɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ" əɤɿ 3. ɡɚɜɨɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɢɜ Ɋɢɦ ɡɚ ɱɚɫɿɜ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɢ ɚ ɹɤɿ ² ɡɚ ɱɚɫɿɜ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ"

ɓɨ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ"

2.

Ⱦɟ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɰɿ ɞɿɣɫɬɜɚ" əɤ ɫɬɚɜɚɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɰɢɯ ɩɨɞɿɣ"

ɋɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɨɩɢɫ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿʀ 1.

ɇɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɨɞɧɚ ɡ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɶɤɢɯ ɝɪɨɦɚɞ

2.

Ʉɨɥɢ ɡɚɪɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɬɜɨ"

3.

əɤɿ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɧɹ ɜ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɿɣ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ"

ÂÑÒÓÏ

Ùî òàêå ³ñòîð³ÿ ñåðåäí³õ â³ê³â? ɇʀɬɱɠ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɦɹɟɬɭɝɛ ɂɛɞɣɜɠɦɷ ɮ ɫ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɭɫɛɞʀɲɨɣɧ ɯʀɨɛɦɩɧ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɬɭɛɫɩɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ʀ ɝɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɩɧ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɠɭɛɪɮ ɝɬɠɬɝʀɭɨɷɩʁ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ³ Ɍɠ ɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɝʀɥʀɝ ȿɦɺ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɭɣɰ ɪɩɟʀɤ ɢɧʀɨɛ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɠɪɩɰ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɛɬɷ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨɠɪɩɧʀɭɨɩ ³ ɝ ʁɰɨɷɩɧɮ ɴɩɟɠɨɨɩɧɮ ɡɣɭɭʀ ɧɛɦɩ ɴɩ ɢɧʀɨɹɝɛɦɩɬɺ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɝɡɠ ɨɠ ɩɟɨɠ ɟɠɬɺɭɣɦʀɭɭɺ ɬɭɛɝɛɦɩ ɞʀɫɳɠ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ Ɍɭɛɫɩɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɫɩɢɪɛ ɟɛɦɛɬɺ ɟɩɝɞɩ ȿɩ ɲɛɬɭɣɰ ɢɧʀɨ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɝɡɠ ɢɝɣɥɦɣ ɍɛ ɤ ɋɣɧ ɝɡɠ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɟɝɛ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ ɨɠ ɜɮɝ ɬɭɩɦɣɱɠɹ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɡɠ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɝɬɭɣɞɦɣ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɭɣ ɪɩɞɫɛɜɮɝɛɭɣ ©ɬɩɹɢɨʀª ɋɣɧɮ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ Ȼɦɠ ɢɛ ɱɣɧ ɥɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɢɧʀɨɛ ɠɪɩɰ Ɉɩɝɮ ɠɪɩɰɮ ɴɩ ɬɛɧɠ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɣɨɛɦɛɬɺ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɣ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɨɛɢɝɛɦɣ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɧɣ ɝʀɥɛɧɣ ȱɫɬɨɪɿɹ ɫɬɚɪɨɞɚɜɧɶɨɝɨ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɹɜɢ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ ɞɨ 9 ɫɬ

ȱɫɬɨɪɿɹ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿɯ ɜɿɤɿɜ ±

ȱɫɬɨɪɿɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ ±

ɇɨɜɿɬɧɹ ɿɫɬɨɪɿɹ ±ɧɚɲɿ ɞɧɿ

Ɋɠɫɳɣɧɣ ɭɠɫɧʀɨ ©ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣª ɬɭɛɦɣ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɝ ;9²;9, ɬɭ ʀɭɛɦʀɤ ɬɷɥʀ ɧɣɬɦɣɭɠɦʀ ɑʀɾɹ ɨɛɢɝɩɹ ɝɩɨɣ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɤ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɩɥ ɧʀɡ ɟɝɩɧɛ ©ɪɫɩɬɝʀɲɠɨɣɧɣª ɠɪɩɰɛɧɣ ³ ɛɨɭɣɲɨʀɬɭɹ ʀ Ƚʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺɧ ȿɩɜɮ 9²;9 ɬɭ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɣ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɟɣɥɮɨɬɭɝɛ ʀ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɭɝɛ ɟɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɪɩɥɣ ɨɠ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɝʀɟɩ ɧɣɧɣ ɝɭɫɛɲɠɨʀ ɤ ɢɛɜɮɭʀ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ Ȳɢ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɭɠɫɧʀɨ ©ɬɠ ɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣª ɨɛɜɮɝ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɢɛɥɫʀɪɣɝɬɺ ɢɛ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɩɧ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɝʀɟ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɣ 9 ɟɩ ɥʀɨɱɺ ;9 ɬɭ ɰɩɲɛ ɤ ɨɛɜɮɝ ɟɠɴɩ ʀɨɳɩɞɩ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ² ɭ ɞɚɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɩɿɞ ɰɢɦ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɨɦ ɪɨɡɭɦɿɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɐɢɜɿɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɫɬɭɩɿɧɶ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɬɚ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ

ɔɩ ɭɛɥɠ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɝʀɥʀɝ"

ɉɢɨɛɥɣ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ

ɪɩɺɝɛ ɧʀɬɭ

ɝʀɟɟʀɦɠɨɨɺ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɛ ɝʀɟ ɢɠɧɦɠɫɩɜɬɭɝɛ

ɝɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɪɣɬɠɧɨɩɬɭʀ

Ɏ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɬɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɭʀ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɛɧɣ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɬʀɧ ɨɛɫɩɟɣ ɴɩ ɡɣɦɣ ɨɛ ɥɩɫ ɟɩɨɛɰ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɥɠɦɷɭɣ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɱʀ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ ɭɹɫɥɣ ɭɩɴɩ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɝɪɦɣɨɮɦɣ ɨɛ ɪɩ ɟɛɦɷɳɮ ɟɩɦɹ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɱʀ ɍɛɥ ɬɭɛɦɩɬɺ ɴɩ ɝɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɪɫɣɲɣɨ ɮ 9 ɬɭ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɦɩ ɱɣ ɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀɹ ʀ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɩɧ ɨɩɝɩʁ ɠɪɩɰɣ Ɍɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ³ ɱɠ ɲɛɬ ɪɩɝɠɫ ɨɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɮ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɲɛɬ ɥɩɦɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɠɨɷ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɱɣɝʀɦʀ ɢɛɱʀʁ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɭɫɛɲɠɨɩ ɱɠ ɲɛɬ ɡɩɫɬɭɩɥɩɬɭʀ ɲɛɬ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɭɝɛ ɭɛ ɨɠɩɬɝʀɲɠɨɩɬɭʀ ɢɛɜɩɜɩɨ ʀ ɫɠɦʀɞʀɤɨɣɰ ɮɪɠɫɠɟɡɠɨɷ ɢɛɜɮɭɭɺ ɢɟɩɜɮɭɥʀɝ ɨɛɮɥɣ ʀ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɱɠ ³ ɲɛɬ ʀɨɥɝʀɢɣɱʀɤ ɡɩɫɬɭɩɥɣɰ ɝɩɾɨ ʀ ɬɭɫɛɳɨɣɰ ɠɪʀɟɠɧʀɤ Ɍɠ

ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ

ɫɩɢɳɛɫɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɨɛ ɥɦɛɬɣ

Ɉɛɝɛɦɛ ɞɮɨʀɝ

Ƚɬɭɮɪ

ɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟɩɧ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ ʀ ɪɩɺɝɩɹ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝ ɍɛ ɨɠ ɝɬɠ ɭɛɥ ɩɟɨɩɢɨɛɲɨɩ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ³ ɱɠ ɲɛɬ ɳɦɺɰɠɭɨɣɰ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ ʀ ɪɫɠ ɥɫɛɬɨɣɰ ɟɛɧ ɱɠ ³ ɲɛɬ ɧɮɟɫɣɰ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝ ʀ ɝɲɠɨɣɰ ɧɩɨɛɰʀɝ ɱɠ ³ ɲɛɬ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɞɠɫɩʁɲɨɣɰ ɠɪɩɬʀɝ ʀ ɢɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ ɝɠɦɣɲɨɣɰ ɰɫɛɧʀɝ ɑɠ ɲɛɬ ɥɩɦɣ ɝɬɺ Ȱɝɫɩɪɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɝɭɺɞ ɨɮɭɛ ɝ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀɤɨɣɤ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ

Ɋɠɫʀɩɟɣɢɛɱʀɺ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɝʀɥʀɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ³ ɝɠɦɣɥɛ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɛ ɠɪɩɰɛ ɩɟɨɛɥ ʁʁ ɰɫɩɨɩɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɧɠɡʀ ɝɛɡɥɩ ɲʀɭɥɩ ɩɥɫɠɬɦɣɭɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɺɥ ɟɩɜɛ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɩɰɩɪɦɹɾ ɪɫɣɜɦɣɢɨɩ ɭɣɬɺɲɮ ɫɩɥʀɝ ʀ ɺɥ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɩ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɭɫɣ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɣ ɫɛɨɨɾ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɥʀɨɠɱɷ 9²; ɬɭ ³ ɢɛɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɢɛ ɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɠɨɠ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ;, ² ɪɠɫɳɛ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɛ ;,9 ɬɭ ³ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭ ɢɛ ɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɪʀɢɨɾ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɟɫɮɞɛ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɛ ;,9 ² ɥʀɨɠɱɷ ;9 ɬɭ ³ ɢɛ ɝɟɛɦɣɧ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɩɧ ɨʀɟɠɫɦɛɨɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɛ ;; ɬɭ Ʉɩʊɛɨɨɛ Ⱦɠɤɢʀɨɞɛ ɱɠ ©ɩɬʀɨɷ Ɍɠ ɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺª ɛɜɩ ɠɪɩɰɛ ɪɣɳɨɩɞɩ ʀ ɪɫɠɥɫɛɬɨɩɞɩ ɝʀɟɱɝʀɭɛɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɴɩ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɮɾ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɝʀɥʀɝ

ȱɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɚ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɢɡɚɰɿɹ ² ɩɨɞɿɥ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ ɧɚ ɩɟɜɧɿ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɢ ɳɨ ɽ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɟɬɚɩɚɦɢ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɛɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɤɪɚʀɧ ɬɚ ɧɚɪɨɞɿɜ ɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɧɢɦɢ ɩɨɞɿɹɦɢ ɹɜɢɳɚɦɢ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɚɦɢ Ɉɛɝʀɴɩ ɧɣ ɝɣɝɲɛɾɧɩ ɠɪɩɰɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ" Ƚɩɨɛ ɡ ɟɛɝɨɩ ɧɣɨɮɦɛ Ȼɦɠ ɺɥɴɩ ɪɩɞɦɺɨɮɭɣ ɮɝɛɡɨʀɳɠ ɬɮɲɛɬɨʀɬɭɷ ɭʀɬɨɩ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɛ ʀɢ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺɧ Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ɜɮɦɛ ɢɛɪɩɲɛɭɥɩɝɛɨɛ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɬɥɦɛɦɛɬɺ ɭɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨɩ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɛ ʀ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɛ ɬɪʀɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɺɥɮ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ©ɂɛɰɩɟɩɧª Ɉɛ Ɍɰɩɟʀ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɉɟɨɛ ɢ ɨɣɰ ³ ɝɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɛɫɛɜɩ ɧɮɬɮɦɷ ɧɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɺɥɛ ɟɩ ɫɠɲʀ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɛ ʀ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɦɛ ɂɛɰɩɟɮ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɨɛɟɜɛɨɷ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɲɛɬʀɝ Ɋɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɝɛɦɣ ɬɭɫʀɧɥɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɭɣɬɺ Ȳɨɟʀɺ ʀ Ʌɣɭɛɤ Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ɬɥɦɛɦɛɬɺ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɛ ɦʀɲɜɛ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɛ ɪɣɬɠɧɨʀɬɭɷ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɰ ɨɛ ɫɩɟʀɝ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɨɛ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɦɛɭɣɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɛɜɠɭɥɣ ³ ɮ ɂɛɰʀɟɨʀɤ ɭɛ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɨɛ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɞɫɠɱɷɥɩʁ ³ ɮ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ ɭɛ Ɍɰʀɟɨʀɤ ɍɛ Ȱɝɫɩɪɛ ɺɥɮ ɧɣ ɢɨɛɾɧɩ ʀ ɜʀɦɷ ɳʀɬɭɷ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɬɛɧɠ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ɉɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɮɭɝɠɫɟɣɦɣɬɺ ɭɛɥʀ ɬɝʀɭɩɝʀ ɫɠɦʀɞʀʁ ɺɥ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɩ ɭɛ ʀɬɦɛɧ ȼɛɞɛɭɩ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɤ ɢɛɥɩɨʀɝ ɫɣɬ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɜɠɫɮɭɷ ɬɝʀɤ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲʀ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣ ɟɦɺ ɨɛɬ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ ɬɭɛɫɩɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɲɛɬʀɝ ʀ ɬɛɧʀ ɢɛ ɦɣɳɣɦɣ ɨɛɧ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɢɟɩɜɮɭɥʀɝ ɇɣ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɾɧɩ ɟɩɜɫɩ ʀ ɢɦɩ ɲɠɬɭɷ ʀ ɜɠɢɲɠɬɭɺ ɪɫɣ ɬɭɩɤɨʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɨɠɪɫɣɬɭɩɤɨʀɬɭɷ ɭɛɥ ɺɥ ɱɠ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɦɣ ɦɹɟɣ ɭɣɰ ɲɛɬʀɝ ȿɩɭɠɪɠɫ ɮ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɮ ɧɮɢɠɺɰ ³ ɨɠɪɠɫɠɝɠɫɳɠɨʀ ɝɣɭɝɩɫɣ

ɔɩ ɭɛɥɠ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɝʀɥʀɝ"

ɧɛɤɬɭɫʀɝ ɛ ɥɨɣɞɣ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɰ ɛɝɭɩɫʀɝ ɨɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɪɩɪɮɦɺɫɨʀ Ɇɹɟɣ ɥɩɫɣɬ ɭɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɭɣɧɣ ɫɠɲɛɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɣɨɛɤɟɠɨʀ ɝ ɠɪɩɰɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ³ ʊɮɟɢɣɥɛɧɣ ɩɥɮɦɺɫɛɧɣ ɨɩɡɣɱɺɧɣ ɧɠɰɛɨʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɞɩɟɣɨɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɥʀɨɬɷɥɩɹ ɮɪɫɺɡɡɹ ɪɛɪɠɫɩɧ ɪɩɫɩɰɩɧ ɭɩɴɩ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɣ ɪɫɣɟɮɧɛɦɣ ɬɮɥɨʀ ɤ ɳɭɛɨɣ Ȳ ɱɠɤ ɪɠɫɠɦʀɥ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɝɛɭɣ Ƚɣɝɲɛɹɲɣ ɧɣɨɮɦɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɥɫɛɴɠ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɭɣ ɬɮɲɛɬ ɨʀɬɭɷ ɛ ʀɨɩɟʀ ɤ ɝɣɨɛɤɭɣ ɴɩɬɷ ɨɩɝɠ Ɉɠɟɛɫɧɛ ʀɬɨɮɾ ɝɣɬɦʀɝ ©Ɏɬɠ ɨɩɝɠ ³ ɱɠ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɢɛɜɮɭɠ ɬɭɛɫɠª ɚɥɴɩ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺ ɬɭɛɫɩɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɝɣɝɲɛɾ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɺɥʀ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛ ɦɣɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɫɠɞʀɩɨʀ ɭɩ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɝʀɥʀɝ ɝɣɝɲɛɾ ɨɛɫɩɟɣ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɬɠɦɺɦɣ Ȱɝɫɩɪɮ ɭɛ Ȼɢʀɹ Ɋɠɫɠɟ ɝɛɧɣ ɥɨɣɞɛ ɺɥɛ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɪɫɩ ɱʀ ɟɛɦɠɥʀ ɪɩɟʀʁ Ɋɫɩɲɣɭɛɤɭɠ ʁʁ ɪɩɫɣɨɷ ɭɠ ɮ ɬɝʀɭ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ʀ ɬɪɫɩɜɮɤɭɠ ɬɥɦɛɬɭɣ ɝɦɛɬɨɠ ɝɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɭɮ ɠɪɩɰɮ X əɤɿ ɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɿ ɪɚɦɤɢ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿɯ ɜɿɤɿɜ"

ȿɡɠɫɠɦɛ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɝʀɥʀɝ ɂɛ ɲɛɬ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɦɹɟɬɭɝɩ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ©ɬɦʀɟʀɝª ɬɝɩɾʁ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩ ɬɭʀ Ȳɬɭɩɫɣɥɣ ɬɭɛɫɛɨɨɩ ɝʀɟɳɮɥɮɹɭɷ ʁɰ ɝɣɝɲɛɹɭɷ ʀ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɺɥɨɛɤɝʀɫɩɞʀɟɨʀɳɠ ɝʀɟɭɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɮ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɧɮ ɚɥ ɝɣ ɝɡɠ ɢɨɛɾɭɠ ɮɲɠɨʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɱʀ ©ɬɦʀ ɟɣª ɡɣɭɭɾɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛɧɣ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ² ɜɫɟ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿ ɥɸɞɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɳɨ ȱɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɿ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɽ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɿ ɞɚɽ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɜɱɚɬɢ ɦɢɧɭɥɟ ɥɸɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɠɭɸɱɢ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɿ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɭɱɟɧɿ ɞɿɡɧɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ ɹɤɢɦ ɛɭɥɨ ɠɢɬɬɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɤɨɠɧɨʀ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨʀ ɟɩɨɯɢ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɝʀɟɟɛɦɠɨɠ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɳɣɰ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɧɠɨɳɣɧ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɥɩɧ ɲɛɬɮ ɨʀɡ ɬɭɛɫɩ ɟɛɝɨɺ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺ ɭɩɧɮ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɩɥ ʀ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨɣɰ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɟɡɠɫɠɦ ɟɦɺ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ ɠɪɩɰɣ ɨɛɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ȿɦɺ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩ ɝʀɲɲɺ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷ ɫɠɲɩɝʀ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ ȿɩ ɨɣɰ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɷ ɢɛɦɣɳɥɣ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɞɩ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ ɜɮɟʀɝɦʀ ɢɨɛɫɺɟɟɺ ɪɫɛɱʀ ɧɠɜɦʀ ɢɜɫɩɺ ɩɟɺɞ ɭɩɴɩ Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɪɣɬɠɧɨʀ ɟɡɠ ɫɠɦɛ ³ ɟɩɥɮɧɠɨɭɣ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨʀ ɭɝɩɫɣ ɰɫɩ ɨʀɥɣ ɛɜɩ ʀɨɳʀ ɪɣɬɠɧɨʀ ɬɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺ Ƚɩɨɣ ɟɩɪɩɝɨɹɹɭɷ ɭɠ ɪɫɩ ɴɩ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɟʀɢɨɛɭɣɬɺ ɢɛ ɫɠɲɩɝɣɧɣ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛɧɣ ʀ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɹɭɷ ɪɩɝɨʀɳɠ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɢɣɭɣ ɥɛɫɭɣɨɮ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɬɠ ɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɟɮɧɥɣ ɤ ɪɩɞɦɺɟɣ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɭʀɾʁ ɟɩɜɣ ɋɠɲɩɝʀ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ

Ƚɬɭɮɪ

Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɠɭɨɩɞɫɛɯʀɲ ɨʀ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ ɀɭɨɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɧɣ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲ ɨɣɧɣ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛɧɣ ɟɦɺ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɾ ɢɜɠɫɠɡɠɨʀ ɟɩ ɨɛɳɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɟɛɝɨʀ ɢɝɣɲɛʁ ɝɣɞɦɺɟ ɡɣɭɦɛ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭ ɨʀ ɭɠɰɨɩɦɩɞʀʁ ɭɛ ɯɩɦɷɥɦɩɫ Ɋɣɬɠɧɨʀ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ

ȿɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɿɹ ² ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɚ ɧɚɭɤɚ ɩɪɨ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɠɢɬɬɹ ɩɨɛɭɬ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɡɢ ɜɿɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɪɨɞɿɜ

ȿɩ ɨɛɳɣɰ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɩɬɺ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɦɠ ɞɠɨɟ ɪɠɫɠɥɛɢʀɝ ɥɛɢɩɥ ɪʀɬɠɨɷ ɭɩɴɩ ɢ ɲɛɬʀɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ Ƚɬʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɺɭɷ ɧɛ ɬɣɝ ɮɬɨɣɰ ɟɡɠɫɠɦ Ƚɩɨɣ ɟɛɹɭɷ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɨɨɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɺɥ ɬɪɫɣɤɧɛɝɬɺ ɬɝʀɭ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɹ ɦɹɟɣɨɩɹ Ȼ ʀɨɩɟʀ ɩɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɺɥʀ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɹɭɷ ʀɨɳʀ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɢɨɛɲɨɮ ɱʀɨɨʀɬɭɷ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɺɭɷ ɧɩɝɨʀ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ ɇɩɝɛ ɨɠ ɾ ɬɭɛɦɩɹ Ƚɩɨɛ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ʀ ɢɧʀɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟɜɣɝɛɹɲɣ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɮ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ Ȼɨɛɦʀɢ ɧɩɝ ɟɛɾ ɜɠɢɱʀɨɨɣɤ ɧɛ ɭɠɫʀɛɦ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɨɨɺ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɰ ɝɪɦɣɝʀɝ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɠɨɩɬɭʀ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɭɩɴɩ Ɇɣɳɠ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀʁ ɢ ɮɬʀɰ ɱɣɰ ɟɡɠɫɠɦ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɺɾ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɪɩɝɨɮ ɥɛɫɭɣɨɮ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɭɛ ʁʁ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɀɭɨɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ

ȿɡɠɫɠɦɛ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɝʀɥʀɝ ɍɣɪɣ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɟɡɠɫɠɦ ɋɠɲɩɝʀ ɂɛɦɣɳɥɣ ɜɮɟʀ ɝɠɦɷ ɪɩɰɩɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɨɛɫɺɟɟɺ ɪɫɛɱʀ ɪɩɜɮɭɮ ɢɜɫɩɺ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɬɣ ɭɩɴɩ

Ɋɣɬɠɧɨʀ

ɀɭɨɩɞɫɛ ɯʀɲɨʀ

Ɏɬɨʀ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ

Ɇʀɭɩɪɣɬɣ ɋɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɣ Ɇɠɞɠɨɟɣ ɜɣ ɟɩɥɮɧɠɨ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɷ ɦɣɨɣ ɪɠɫɠ ɭɣ ɟɩɞɩ ɠɭɨɩɞɫɛɯʀɝ ɥɛɢɣ ɥɛɢɥɣ ɝɩɫɣ ɭɩɴɩ ɪʀɬɨʀ ɭɩɴɩ

ɇɩɝɨʀ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ ȿɛɨʀ ɢ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɧɩɝɣ

ɔɩ ɭɛɥɠ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɝʀɥʀɝ"

ɚɥ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɭɣ ɢ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɩɧ Ɋɠɫɳ ɨʀɡ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɭɣ ɫɩɜɩɭɮ ɢ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɩɧ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩ ɪɩɢɨɛɤɩɧɣɭɣɬɺ ɢ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɧʀɬɭɩɧ ɭɛ ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɩɹ ɇɛɭɠɫʀɛɦ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɛ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɩ ɝ ɳʀɬɭɷ ɫɩɢɟʀɦʀɝ ɥɩɡɠɨ ɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɲɩɭɣɫɷɩɰ ɟɩ ɳɠɬɭɣ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯʀɝ ɴɩ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɲɠɫɞɩɹ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɪɮɨɥɭʀɝ Ɏ ɭɠɥɬɭʀ ɝɣ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɭɠ ɬɦɩɝɛ ʀ ɟɛɭɣ ɝɣɟʀɦɠɨʀ ɳɫɣɯɭɩɧ ɡɣɫ ɨɩɞɩ ɨɛɥɫɠɬɦɠɨɨɺ ɑɠ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɭɣ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɮ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɚɥ ɝɣ ɝɡɠ ɢɨɛɾɭɠ ɢ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺ ɺɥ ʀ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɛ ʀɨɳɛ ɨɛɮɥɛ ɧɛɾ ɝɦɛɬɨɮ ɭɠɫɧʀɨɩɦɩɞʀɹ ɺɥɮ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɭɣ Ɋʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷ ɟɛɭɣ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɰ ɪɩɟʀɤ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɨɺɭɷ ʀ ɭɠɫɧʀɨʀɝ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀɹ ɪɫɩ ɝɣɟɛɭɨɣɰ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɟʀɺɲʀɝ Ɋɫɛ ɱɹɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɢɛɨɺɭɭɺɰ ʀ ɝɟɩɧɛ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɩɝɩ ɪɠɫɠɝʀɫɺɭɣ ɬɠɜɠ ɴɩɜ ɪɠɫɠɥɩ ɨɛɭɣɬɺ ɲɣ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩ ɝɣ ɢɛɪɛɧ·ɺɭɛɦɣ ɰɫɩɨɩɦɩɞʀɹ ɪɩɟʀɤ ʀɧɠɨɛ ɩɬʀɜ ɨɩɝʀ ɪɩɨɺɭɭɺ ʀ ɭɠɫɧʀɨɣ Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɮ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɨɛɝɠɟɠɨʀ ɝ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɮ ɟɩɥɮ ɧɠɨɭɣ ʀɦɹɬɭɫɛɱʀʁ ɥɛɫɭɣ ʀ ɬɰɠɧɣ Ɋɫɛɱɹɹɲɣ ɢ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɣɧ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯɩɧ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟ ɨɩ ɪɫɩɲɣɭɛɭɣ ɟɩɟɛɨɣɤ ɟɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɟɩɥɮɧɠɨɭ ʀ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɬɭɣ ɨɛ ɪɩɬɭɛɝɦɠɨʀ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɋɩɢɞɦɺɟɛɹɲɣ ʀɦɹɬɭɫɛɱʀʁ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɩɝɩ ɢɝɠɫɭɛɤɭɠ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɨɛ ɪʀɟɪɣɬɣ ɺɥʀ ɪɩɺɬɨɹɹɭɷ ɢɧʀɬɭ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɩɞɩ Ɍɰɠɧɛ ɫɩɢɥɫɣɾ ɝɛɧ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ɧʀɡ ɬɥɦɛɟɩɝɣɧɣ ɪɠɝɨɩɞɩ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲ ɨɩɞɩ ɺɝɣɴɛ ɪɩɺɬɨɣɭɷ ɤɩɞɩ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɭɩɴɩ ɋɩɜɩɭɛ ɢ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɩɹ ɥɛɫɭɩɹ ɟɩɢɝɩ ɦɣɭɷ ɢ·ɺɬɮɝɛɭɣ ɟɠ ɬɛɧɠ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɪɫɩ ɺɥʀ ɤɟɠɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɭɠɥɬɭʀ ɛɜɩ ɺɥʀ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɣɦɣ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯɛ ɪɩɟɛɨʀ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɂɛɥʀɨɲɣɝɳɣ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɭɠɧɣ ɝɣ ɧɛɭɣɧɠɭɠ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɪʀɟɬɮɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɣɤ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦ ɢɛ ɨɛɝɠɟɠɨɣɧɣ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɨɠʁ ɮɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɹɹɲɣɧɣ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺɧɣ ɍɠɬɭɩɝʀ ɢɛɝɟɛɨ ɨɺ ɟɩ ɭɠɧɣ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɺɹɭɷ ɝɛɧ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɭɣ ɬɛɧɩɪɠɫɠɝʀɫɥɮ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɢɨɛɨɷ Ʌɩɡɨɛ ɭɠɧɛ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷ ɪɫɛɥɭɣɲɨɠ ɢɛɨɺɭɭɺ ɺɥʀ ɬɪɫɣɺɭɣɧɮɭɷ ɨɛɜɮɭɭɹ ʀ ɝɟɩɬɥɩɨɛ ɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɝɣɲɩɥ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ ɢ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛɧɣ ȿɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩɜ ɝɛɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɫɮɲɨʀɳɠ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɭɣ ɢ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥɩɧ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩ ɢɝɠɫɭɛ ɭɣ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɨɛ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨʀ ɨɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɭɩɫʀɨɥɛɰ ɮɧɩɝɨʀ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɥɣ ɭɛ ʁɰɨɾ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ

Ɂɚɤɪɿɩɢɦɨ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ 1.

ɇɚ ɹɤɿ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɢ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɿ ɜɱɟɧɿ ɩɨɞɿɥɹɸɬɶ ɿɫɬɨɪɿɸ ɥɸɞɫɬɜɚ"

2.

əɤ ɜɢɧɢɤ ɬɟɪɦɿɧ ©ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢª" əɤɿ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɿ ɦɟɠɿ ɋɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɱɹ"

3.

ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɪɿɡɧɨɜɢɞɢ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɞɠɟɪɟɥ ɡɚ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɜɢɜɱɚɸɬɶ ɿɫɬɨɪɿɸ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿɯ ɜɿɤɿɜ

4.

ɑɢ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɝɨɞɢɬɢɫɹ ɡ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɨɦ ©əɤ ɿɡ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɨɬɪɢɦɭɸɬɶ ɜɨɞɭ ɬɚɤ ɡ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɨɬɪɢɦɭɸɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɦɢɧɭɥɟª"

5.

əɤ ɜɢ ɪɨɡɭɦɿɽɬɟ ɜɢɫɥɿɜ ɩɪɨ ɬɟ ɳɨ ɿɫɬɨɪɿɹ ɽ ©ɧɚɭɤɨɸ ɩɪɨ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɭ ɱɚɫɿª"

Ƚɬɭɮɪ

6.

Ʉɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɭɣɬɟ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɿ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Ðîçä³ë ²

ÏÅÐز ÑÅÐÅÄÍÜβ×Ͳ ÄÅÐÆÀÂÈ

§ 1–2. Íàðîäæåííÿ ñåðåäíüîâ³÷íî¿ ªâðîïè ɋɣɧɬɷɥɣɤ ʀ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɝʀɭɣ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ Ȳ ɭɣɬɺɲɩɦʀɭɭɺ Ɉɛɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɹ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ʀɢ ȲȲȲ ɬɭ Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ Ȳ9²9ȲȲ ɬɭ ɫɩɢɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɝɛɫɝɛɫʀɝ ɨɛ ɭɠ ɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɭɛ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɨɣɧɣ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝ ȼʀɦɺ ɥɩɦɣɬɥɣ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɬɭɩɺɦɣ ɟɝɛ ɪɫɩɭɣɦɠɡɨʀ ɤ ɨɠɬɰɩɡʀ ɬɝʀɭɣ ɛɨ ɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɞɫɠɥɩ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɤ ɴɩ ɢ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɨɛɳɩʁ ɠɫɣ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨʀɢɮɝɛɝɬɺ ʀ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥɣɤ

ȼɚɪɜɚɪɢ ² ɡɧɟɜɚɠɥɢɜɚ ɧɚɡɜɚ ɜɫɿɯ ɿɧɨɡɟɦɰɿɜ ɹɤɿ ɧɟ ɦɚɥɢ ɝɪɟɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɿ ɪɢɦɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɯɨɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɟ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɪɢɱɟɬɧɢɦɢ ɞɨ ɚɧɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ Ɍɥɦɛɟɨɣɤ ʀ ɝɛɡɥɣɤ ɳɦɺɰ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɱɣɰ ɬɝʀɭʀɝ ɭɫɣɝɛɝ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɷ ʀɢ 9 ɟɩ Ȳɐ ɬɭ

Ɍɭɛɨɩɧ ɨɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɮ Ȳ ɭɣɬ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɜɮɦɛ ɦɣɳɠ ɭɷɧɺɨɩɹ ɭʀɨɨɹ ɥɩɦɣɳ ɨɷɩʁ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɩɬɭʀ Ʌɫɣɢɛ ʀ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɺɥʀ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɢɫɩɜɣɦɣ ʁʁ ɨɠ ɢɟɛɭɨɩɹ ɝɣɭɫɣɧɛɭɣ ɨɛɝɛɦɮ ɝɛɫɝɛɫʀɝ Ɋɫɣɪɣɨɠɨɨɺ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɱɷɥɣɰ ɝʀɤɨ ɬɪɫɣɲɣ ɨɣɦɩ ɬɥɩɫɩɲɠɨɨɺ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɫɛɜʀɝ ɴɩ ɨɠɞɛɭɣɝɨɩ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɣɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɭɛɨʀ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ ɭɛ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɛ ɔɩɜ ɺɥɩɬɷ ɥɩɧɪɠɨɬɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɠɬɭɛɲɮ ɫɩɜɩɲɣɰ ɫɮɥ ɫɛɜɣ ɭɛ ɝʀɦɷɨʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɥɩɦɩɨʀɝ

Ʉɨɥɨɧɢ ² ɡɚɥɟɠɧɿ ɜɿɞ ɡɟɦɥɟɜɥɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɨɪɟɧɞɚɬɨɪɢ ɹɤɿ ɡɚ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɡɟɦɥɟɸ ɜɿɞɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɬɪɟɬɢɧɭ ɜɢɪɨɳɟɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɨɠɚɸ Ɇɨɜɨɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ɉɪɨɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɤ ɋɚɥɶɜɿɚɧ ɩɪɨ ɜɬɟɱɭ ɪɢɦɥɹɧ ɞɨ ɜɚɪɜɚɪɿɜ 9 ɫɬ

Ȼɿɞɧɿ ɡɧɟɞɨɥɟɧɿ ɜɞɨɜɢ ɫɬɨɝɧɭɬɶ ɫɢɪɨɬɢ ɛɟɡ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ ɿ ɧɚɫɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɳɨ ɛɚɝɚɬɨ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɧɚɜɿɬɶ ɡɧɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɝɚɪɧɨ ɨɫɜɿɱɟɧɿ ɭɬɿɤɚɸɬɶ ɞɨ ɜɚɪɜɚɪɿɜ ɓɨɛ ɧɟ ɡɚɝɢɧɭɬɢ ɩɿɞ ɜɚɠɤɿɫɬɸ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɹɝɚɪɹ ɜɨɧɢ ɣɞɭɬɶ ɲɭɤɚɬɢ ɭ ɜɚɪɜɚɪɿɜ ɪɢɦɫɶɤɨʀ ɥɸɞɹɧɨɫɬɿ ɛɨ ɜɠɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɬɟɪɩɿɬɢ ɜɚɪɜɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɧɟɥɸɞɹɧɨɫɬɿ ɪɢɦɥɹɧ ɉɪɨ ɳɨ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɰɟɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ" ɑɢɦ ɛɭɥɚ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɜɬɟɱɚ ɪɢɦɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɜɚɪɜɚɪɿɜ"

Ɋɩɪɫɣ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɴɠ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɦɛ ɬɝɩɹ ɪɫɣɝɛɜɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɟɦɺ ɢɛɝɩ ɤɩɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɜɛɞɛɭʀ ɧɛɾɭɥɣ ɟɩɞɦɺɨɮɭʀ ɪɩɦɺ ɝɣɨɩɞɫɛɟɨɣɥɣ ɬɛɟɣ ©ɝʀɲ ɨʀª ɫɣɧɬɷɥʀ ɟɩɫɩɞɣ ɭɩɴɩ ɍɛɥ ɬɭɛɦɩɬɺ ɴɩ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɛɧɣ ɝ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɬɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɭʀ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɨɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɨɛ ɫɩɟɣ ɴɩ ɡɣɦɣ ɨɛ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɛɰ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɥɠɦɷɭɣ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɱʀ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɮ ɟɩɦɹ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɬɪɫɛɝɣɦɣ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɱʀ

² Ɉɛɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

ɋɣɧ ɟʀɢɨɛɝɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɱʀɝ ɫɛɨɩ ȼʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɮ Ȳ²Ȳ9 ɬɭ ɫɩɢɬɠɦɣɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɪɫɣɥɩɫɟɩɨɨɣɰ ɢ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɾɹ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɺɰ Ⱦɠɫɧɛɨɱʀ ɝɣɫɩɴɮɝɛɦɣ ɡɣɭɩ ɺɲɧʀɨɷ ɪɳɠɨɣɱɹ ɩɝɠɬ ɫɩɢɝɩɟɣɦɣ ɰɮɟɩɜɮ Ɋɩɦɹɝɛɦɣ ʀ ɢɜɣɫɛɦɣ ɪɩ ɦʀɬɛɰ ʀ ɜɩ ɦɩɭɛɰ ɺɞɩɟɣ ɞɫɣɜɣ ɭɩɴɩ Ȳɢ ɜɩɦɩɭɨɣɰ ɫɮɟ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɱʀ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɢɛɦʀɢɩ ɢ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɺɦɣ ɢɨɛɫɺɟɟɺ ɪɫɛɱʀ ɭɛ ɢɜɫɩɹ Ɍʀɧ·ʁ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɱʀɝ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧɣ Ɋʀɟ ɩɟɨɣɧ ɟɛɰɩɧ ɪɫɩɡɣɝɛɦɣ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɟɠɬɺɭ ɥʀɝ ɨɛɤɜɦɣɡɲɣɰ ɫɩɟɣɲʀɝ Ʌʀɦɷɥɛ ɬʀɧɠɤ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɣ ɫʀɟ Ȳɢ ɫɩɟʀɝ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɦɠ ɧɠɨɛ ɺɥʀ ɝ ȲȲȲ²Ȳ9 ɬɭ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɝ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨʀ ɬɩɹɢɣ

Ɍʀɧ·ɺ

ɋʀɟ

Ɋɦɠɧ·ɺ

Ɍɩɹɢ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ

X ɓɨ ɡ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ" X ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ ɜɨɠɞɹ ɩɥɟɦɟɧɿ X ɑɨɦɭ ɛɿɥɶɲɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɱɨɥɨɜɿɤɿɜ ɨɡɛɪɨɽɧɚ" ɑɢɦ ɨɡɛɪɨɽɧɿ ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɶɤɿ ɜɨʀɧɢ" X əɤɿ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ ɨɞɹɝɭ ɝɟɪɦɚɧɰɿɜ ɧɟ ɫɯɨɠɿ ɧɚ ɪɢɦɫɶɤɿ"

Ɉɛɤɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳʀ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɡɣɭ ɭɺ ɪɦɠɧɠɨʀ ɝɣɫʀɳɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ Ɋɩɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɱʀɝ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɢɜɩɫɛɰ Ɍɭɛɫʀɤɳɣɨɣ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɝɩɡɟɷ ɩɜɞɩɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɣ ʀ ɪɫɣɤɧɛ ɦɣ ɨɛɤɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳʀ ɫʀɳɠɨɨɺ ɺɥʀ Ɍɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɮ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɬɰɝɛɦɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɢɜɩɫɛɰ ɋɛɟɛ ɬɭɛɫʀɤɳɣɨ Ɉɛɫɩɟɨʀ ɢɜɩɫɣ ȿɠɺɥʀ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɣɫʀɳɮɝɛ ɦɣ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɨɠ ɫɛɟɺɲɣɬɷ ɢ ɮɬʀɧ Ƚɩɡɟɷ ȿɫɮɡɣɨɛ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɠɧ Ƚɩɡɟɺ ʀ ɬɭɛɫʀɤɳɣɨ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɢɨɛɭɭɹ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɜɮɦɛ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭ ʀ ʁɰ ɪɩɝɛɡɛɦɣ ɚɥ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɩ ɪɦɠɧ·ɺ ɩɜɣɫɛɦɩ ɝɩɡɟɠɧ ɬɧʀɦɣɝɩɞɩ ɧɮɟɫɩɞɩ ɤ ɟɩɬɝʀɟɲɠɨɩɞɩ ɝɩʁɨɛ Ȼɦɠ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɹɲɣ ɝʀɟ Ȳ9²9Ȳ ɬɭ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɝɩɡɟʀɝ ɮ ɟɠɺɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɬɭɛɾ ɬɪɛɟ ɥɩɝɩɹ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨɩɹ ɩɪɩɫɩɹ ɝɩɡɟɺ ɜɮɦɛ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɛ ³ ɢɛɞʀɨ ɝʀɟɝɛɡɨɣɰ ɤ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɩ ɝʀɟɟɛ ɨɣɰ ɝɩʁɨʀɝ Ɇɛɟ ɴɩ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɝ ɮ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɱʀɝ ɮ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ Ȳ ɭɣɬ ɨ ɠ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɭɣ ɝɩɾɨɨɩɹ ɟɠɧɩɥɫɛɭʀɾɹ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ɍɚɛɿɪ ɪɢɦɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɝɚɪɧɿɡɨɧɭ Ⱦɨɪɨɝɚ

ɋɬɨɪɨɠɨɜɚ ɜɟɠɚ

Ȼɭɞɢɧɨɤ ɫɬɨɪɨɠɿ ȼɚɪɬɨɜɢɣ

ȼɚɥɢ ɪɿɜ ɭɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɚɪɤɚɧ

Ɇʀɧɠɬ X Ɂɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɨɦ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ ɥɿɦɟɫɭ X ɑɨɦɭ ɥɿɦɟɫ ɧɟ ɜɪɹɬɭɜɚɜ Ɂɚɯɿɞɧɭ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɭ ɿɦɩɟɪɿɸ ɜɿɞ ɡɚɝɢɛɟɥɿ"

Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɝ ɮɺɝʀ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩɞɩ ɰɮɟɩɡɨɣɥɛ

Ƚɢɺɭɭɺ ɋɣɧɛ Ⱦɠɤɢɠɫʀɰɩɧ ɰɮɟ Ʌ ȼɫɹɦɩɝ

ɋɣɧ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɨɠɝɟɛɦɣɰ ɬɪɫɩɜ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɭɣ ɬɝʀɭ ɝɛɫɝɛɫʀɝ ɝʀɟɞɩɫɩɟɣɝɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɦʀɧɠɬɩɧ ³ ɮɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɩɹ ɦʀɨʀɾɹ ɨɛ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɛɰ ɴɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɛɬɺ ɢ ɫɩɝʀɝ ɜɛɳɭ ɝɩɾɨɨɣɰ ɭɛɜɩɫʀɝ Ȼɦɠ ɥɩɫɟɩɨ ɨɠ ɫɩɢ·ɾɟɨɛɝ ɟɝɛ ɬɝʀɭɣ ɛ ɫɛɟɳɠ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɝ ʁɰ Ɏ ɪɫɣɥɩɫ ɟɩɨɨɣɰ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ɪɫɩɱɝʀɭɛɦɛ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦɺ ɮɬɠ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɱʀɝ ʀɳɦɣ ɬɦɮɡɣɭɣ ɟɩ ɫɣɧ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɬɷɥɛ ɢɨɛɭɷ ɪɠɫɠ ɤɧɛɦɛ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɧɛɨɠɫɣ ɤ ɢɝɣɲɛʁ ɫɣɧɦɺɨ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɛɝɦɺɦɛ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɟʀɭɠɤ ɨɛɝɲɛɭɣɬɺ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɧɮɟɫɩɬɭʀ Ȼɦɠ ɝ Ȳ9 ɬɭ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɪɫɩ ɺɥʀ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɥ ɪɣɬɛɝ ɭɛɥ ©Ⱦɮɨɣ ɨɛɥɣɨɮɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɛɦɛɨʀɝ ɛɦɛɨɣ ³ ɨɛ ɞɩɭʀɝ ɞɩɭɣ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɣɞɨɛɨʀ ɢʀ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝɴɣɨɣ ɝʀɟʀɜɫɛɦɣ ɝ ɨɛɬ Ȳɦɦʀɫʀɹ Ȳ ɱɠ ɴɠ ɨɠ ɥʀɨɠɱɷ«ª Ɍɝʀɭ ɝɛɫɝɛɫʀɝ ɪɫɣɤɳɩɝ ɮ ɫɮɰ ɺɥɣɤ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɨɛɢɝɮ ©Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝª Ȳ9² 9Ȳ ɬɭ Ɏ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɮ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɮ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɹ ɫɮɳɣ ɦɛ ɬɣɦɛ ɬɣɦɠɨɨɛ ɝɛɫɝɛɫʀɝ ɢɮɪɣɨɣɭɣ ɺɥɮ ɝɩɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɠ ɝ ɢɧɩɢʀ

² Ɉɛɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

Ɉɛɬɦʀɟɥɩɧ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɪɛɟʀɨɨɺ ɋɣɧɮ ɫ ɫɩɢɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɛɨɟɛɦɛɧɣ ɫ ɢɛɞɣɜɠɦɷ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɫ

ʀ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝ ȼɟɥɢɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɪɨɞɿɜ ² ɩɟɪɟɫɭɜɚɧ ɧɹ ɜ ȱ9±9ȱȱ ɫɬ ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɶɤɢɯ ɫɥɨɜ¶ɹɧɫɶɤɢɯ ɫɚɪɦɚɬɫɶɤɢɯ ɬɸɪɫɶɤɢɯ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɩɥɟɦɟɧ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɨʀ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ X əɤɿ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɿɠ ɚɧɬɢɱɧɢɦ ɿ ɜɚɪɜɚɪɫɶɤɢɦ ɫɜɿɬɚɦɢ" X ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ȼɟɥɢɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɪɨɞɿɜ"

ɉɟɩɛɥɫ

Ƚɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɋɠɫɳɮ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ³ ɍɮɦɮɢɷ ɥɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ³ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɝɠɬɭɞɩɭɣ ɝ ɫ ɢɛ ɢɞɩɟɩɹ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ Ⱦɩɨɩɫʀɺ Ʌɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɯɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɣɧ ɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɭɩɦɣɱɠɹ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɍɮɦɮɢɛ Ɋɫɣɜɦɣɢɨɩ ɭɩɟʀ ɡ ɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ Ȼɯɫɣɱʀ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɩ Ƚɛɨɟɛɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɢʀ ɬɭɩɦɣɱɠɹ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɩ Ʌɛɫɯɛɞɠɨɛ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ

ȼɚɪɜɚɪɫɶɤɿ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɬɜɚ ² ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɿ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɶɤɢɯ ɩɥɟɦɟɧ ɳɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɟɧɚɯ Ɂɚɯɿɞɧɨʀ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɨʀ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɪɨɞɿɜ

Ⱦɩɭɣ

ɇʀɞɫɛɱʀɺ ɞɩɭʀɝ

ɇɛɝɢɩɦɠɤ ɍɠɩɟɩɫʀɰɛ

ɂɩɦɩɭɛ ɧɩɨɠɭɛ ɍɠɩɟɩɫʀɰɛ

Ɏ ɜɛɬɠɤɨʀ ɋɩɨɣ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ 9 ɬɭ ɝɣɨɣ ɥɦɩ ȼɮɫʊɮɨɟɬɷɥɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɢʀ ɬɭɩɦɣ ɱɠɹ ɝ Ɇʀɩɨʀ Ɉɠɝɠɦɣɥɠ ɢɛ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɛɧɣ ɝɩɨɩ ɧɛɦɩ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɮɬɮɨɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɷɩɞɩ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɋɩɧɮɦɛ Ȼɝɞɮɬɭɮɦɛ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɉɟɩɛɥɫɛ ɢʀ ɬɭɩ ɦɣɱɠɹ ɝ ɋɛɝɠɨɨʀ Ȼɦɠ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɺ ɢɧɩɝɣɦɣɬɺ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɂɠɨɩɨ ʀ ɧɩɦɩɟɣɤ ɝɩɡɟɷ ɩɬɭɞɩɭʀɝ ɍɠɩɟɩɫʀɰ Ɏ ɫɠ ɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɤ ɮ ɫ ɝɭɩɫɞɬɺ ɟɩ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ ʀ ɮɜɣɝɳɣ ɉɟɩɛɥɫɛ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɝ ɬɠɜɠ ©ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ ɞɩɭʀɝ ɭɛ ʀɭɛɦʀɥʀɝª ȿɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɍɠ ɩɟɩɫʀɰɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɧ ʀɢ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɱɺɧɣ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɋɣɧ ɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɠɫ ɡɛɝɛ ɪɫɣɪɣɨɣɦɛ ɬɝɩɾ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ƚʀɟ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɣ 9 ɬɭ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɧɛɬɩɝɠ ɝɭɩɫɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ɥɩɦɣɳɨɷɩʁ ɫɣɧ ɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɫɩɝʀɨɱʀʁ ȼɫɣɭɛɨʀɺ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ ɢɛɰʀɟ ɨɣɰ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɬɛɥɬʀɝ ɛɨɞɦʀɝ ʀ ɹɭʀɝ Ɏ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɛɨɞɦɩ ɬɛɥɬɩɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɢɛ ɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ȼɫɣɭɛɨʀʁ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɬɺ ɬʀɧ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɛɨɛ ɨɣɧɣ ɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɭɣɬɺ Ȼɨɞɦʀɾɹ Ɏ ɱɠɤ ɡɠ ɲɛɬ ɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ ʉɛɦɦʀʁ ɝɣɨɣ ɥɛɾ ɏɫɛɨɥɬɷɥɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ɏɬʀ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɨɠɟɩɝɞɩ ɩɟɨʀ ɫɩɢɪɛɟɛɦɣɬɺ ʀɨɳʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɛ ɝɩɤɩɝɛɨʀ Ɇɣɳɠ ɏɫɛɨɥɬɷɥɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɦɩ ɬɝɩɹ ɧʀɱɷ Ɍɛɧɠ ɝɩɨɩ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɦɩ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɮ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɩ ɧɮ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

² Ɉɛɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

Ƚɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɉɛɢɝɛ

ɋɩɥɣ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ

Ƚɠɬɭɞɩɭɬɷɥɠ

²

Ƚɛɨɟɛɦɷɬɷɥɠ

²

ȼɮɫɞɮɨɟɬɷɥɠ

²

ɉɟɩɛɥɫɛ

²

ɏɫɛɨɥɬɷɥɠ

²

ɉɬɭɞɩɭɬɷɥɠ

²

ɏɫɛɨɥɬɷɥɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɇɠɫɩɝʀɨɞʀɝ Ɉɛɢɝɮ ©ɯɫɛɨɥɣª ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɺɥ ©ɝʀɦɷɨʀª ©ɝʀɟɝɛɡɨʀª ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩ ɝɮɝɛɭɣ ʀɢ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɣ ȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɬɭɩɬɩɝɨɩ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɺɥʀ ɡɣɦɣ ɝ ɨɣɡɨʀɤ ɭɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɤ ɭɠɲʀɺɰ ɋɠɤɨɮ Ɏ 9 ɬɭ ɯɫɛɨɥɣ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɣ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ Ɍɰʀɟɨɮ ʉɛɦɦʀɹ ɉɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɝʀɟɩɧʀɳɣɰ ɝɩɡɟʀɝ ɯɫɛɨɥʀɝ ɮ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɜɮɝ ɇɠɫɩɝɠɤ Ɍɛɧɠ ɝʀɨ ɢɛɪɩɲɛɭɥɮɝɛɝ ɪɠɫɳɮ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɮ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀɹ ɯɫɛɨɥʀɝ ³ ɇɠɫɩɝʀɨɞʀɝ Ɉɛɤɬɦɛɝɠɭɨʀɳɣɧ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɱʀɾʁ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ɬɭɛɝ ɩɨɮɥ ɇɠɫɩɝɠɺ ³ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɐɦɩɟɝʀɞ ²

Ɏ ɫ ɐɦɩɟɝʀɞ ɮɥɦɛɝ ɬɩɹɢ ʀɢ ɝɩɡɟɺɧɣ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ʀ ɝɣɫɮɳɣɝ ɮ ɫɣɧɬɷɥʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ Ɋɩɜɦɣɢɮ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ɍɮɛɬɩɨ ɮ ɝɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨʀɤ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɯɫɛɨɥɣ ɫɩɢɜɣɦɣ ɫɣɧɬɷɥʀ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ʀ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɦɣ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɮ ʉɛɦɦʀɹ ɟɠ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɩɬɺ ɏɫɛɨɥɬɷɥɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɂɛɝɩɹɝɛɝɳɣ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɮ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ɐɦɩɟɝʀɞ ɴɠɟɫɩ ɨɛ ɟʀɦɣɝ ɮɬʀɰ ɯɫɛɨɥʀɝ ɢɠɧɦɠɹ ȼʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɰ ʀ ʊɛɦɦɷ ɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɠɝɦɛɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɝɣɢɨɛɦɣ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɐɦɩɟɝʀɞɛ ɢɜɠɫɠɞ ɏɫɛɨɥɣ ɦɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ʀ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɯɫɛɨɥɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɝɩɡɟɺɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɭɠɡ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧɣ ɢɠɧɦɠɝɦɛɬɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɫɛɝɦɺɲɮ ɝɠɫɰʀɝɥɮ ɏɫɛɨɥɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɋɫɩɬɭʀ ɯɫɛɨɥɣ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɟɫʀɜɨɣɧɣ ɢɠɧɦɠɝɦɛɬɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɝɳɣ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ʉɛɦɦʀʁ ɐɦɩɟɝʀɞ ɢɨɣɴɣɝ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɝɩɡɟʀɝ ʀɢ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɝɩɹɝɛɝ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɫɣɧɦɺɨ ʀ ɬɭɛɝ ɥɩɫɩ ɦɠɧ ³ ɾɟɣɨɣɧ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɠɧ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ

Ʉɨɪɨɥɶ ² ɨɞɧɨɨɫɿɛɧɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɜɥɚɞɚ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɫɩɚɞɨɤ Ɏɬʀ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɐɦɩɟɝʀɞ ɝɣɫʀɳɮɝɛɝ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɛɜɩ ɫɛ ɟɣɝɬɺ ɢ ɟɩɝʀɫɠɨɣɧɣ ɩɬɩɜɛɧɣ Ɏ ɫɩɢɪɩɫɺɟɡɠɨɨʀ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɛ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɛ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɛ ɨɛ ɮɭɫɣɧɛɨɨɺ ɺɥɩʁ ɢɛ

ɐɦɩɟɝʀɞ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ

ɐɫɠɴɠɨɨɺ ɐɦɩɟɝʀɞɛ

ɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɧ ɢɝɣɲɛɾɧ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɢɜɣɫɛɭɣ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɣ ȿɦɺ ɢɜɩɫɮ ɪɩɟɛɭɥʀɝ ʀ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɛɨɨɺ ɪɩɫɺɟɥɮ ɝ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ ɐɦɩɟɝʀɞ ʀɢ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɣɰ ɤɩɧɮ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɛɝ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦʀɝ ³ ɞɫɛ ɯʀɝ Ɉɛɤɝɣɴɣɧ ɬɮɟɟɠɹ ɮ ɏɫɛɨɥɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝʀ ɜɮɝ ɬɛɧ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ Ȼ ɭɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ« Ȳ ɬɭ ɨ ɠ ³ ɪɠɫɳɛ ɢɞɛɟɥɛ ɪɫɩ ɝɠɨɠɟʀɝ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɫ ³ ɬɧɠɫɭɷ ɛɨɭɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ȼɩɡɛ Ʌʀɨ 9 ³ ɪɩɲ 9Ȳ ɬɭ ³ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ʌɣɾɝɛ Ɍɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɯɫɛɨɥɛɧɣ ɢɛ ɐɦɩɟɝʀɞɛ Ʌɩɫɩɦɷ

Ʌɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɟɝʀɫ

ɉɪɩɦɲɠɨɨɺ

Ɍɭɩɫʀɨɥɣ ɢ ©Ɍɛɦʀɲɨɩʁ ɪɫɛɝɟɣª

ȿɫɮɡɣɨɛ

Ⱦɫɛɯɣ

Ɂɣɭɠɦʀ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɛɨɩʁ ɯɫɛɨɥɛɧɣ Ɋʀɝ ɨʀɲɨɩʁ ʉɛɦɦʀʁ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺ ɨɛɧɣ ȿɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩɜ ɪɩɬɣɦɣɭɣ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɤ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ɐɦɩɟɝʀɞ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɩɹ ɝ ɫ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɝ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ ɬɭɝɩ ɢɛ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɧ ɢɫɛɢɥɩɧ Ɉɛ ɬɦʀɟɥɩɧ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɛ ɐɦɩɟɝʀɞɛ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɥʀɝ ʀɢ ɜɩɥɮ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɛ ɴɩ ɪɩɦɠɞɳɣɦɩ ɪɩ ɟɛɦɷɳɠ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɠɨɨɺ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ ʉɛɦɦʀʁ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɩ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɹ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭɮ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɯɫɛɨɥʀɝ

² Ɉɛɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

ȿɩ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ʉɛɦɦʀʁ ɮ ɯɫɛɨɥʀɝ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɣɬɛɨɣɰ ɢɛɥɩɨʀɝ ɛ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɢɝɣ ɲɛʁ ɺɥʀ ɝ ɮɬɨʀɤ ɯɩɫɧʀ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɢ ɪɩɥɩɦʀɨɨɺ ɝ ɪɩɥɩɦʀɨɨɺ ɍɛɥʀ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɛ ɪɩɝɠɟʀɨ ɥɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɢɝɣɲɛɾɝɣɧ ɪɫɛɝɩɧ ɂɛɪɣɬ ɢɛɥɩɨʀɝ ɯɫɛɨɥʀɝ ɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɣɤ ɢɛ ɐɦɩɟɝʀɞɛ ɾ ɩɟɨʀɾɹ ɢ ɨɛɤɝɣɢɨɛɲɨʀɳɣɰ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɩɥ ɢɝɣɲɛɾɝɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ Ƚʀɨ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɨɛɢɝɮ ©Ɍɛɦʀɲɨɛ ɪɫɛɝɟɛª ɢɛ ɨɛɢɝɩɹ ɯɫɛɨɥɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɦɠɧɠɨʀ ɢ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɣɝ ɐɦɩɟɝʀɞ ³ ɬɛɦʀɲɨʀ ɯɫɛɨɥɣ ʀ ɬɭɛɝ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ɢɜʀɫɨɣɥɩɧ ɪɣɬɛɨɣɰ ɢɛɥɩɨʀɝ ɮ ɯɫɛɨɥʀɝ Ɉɛɥɛɢɛɝɳɣ ɢɛɪɣɬɛɭɣ ɟɛɝɨʀ ɢɛɥɩɨɣ ɐɦɩɟɝʀɞ ɭɣɧ ɬɛɧɣɧ ɰɩɭʀɝ ɪʀɟɥɫɠɬɦɣɭɣ ɴɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɬɮɟɣɝ ɢɛ ɟɛɝɨʀɧɣ ɢɝɣɲɛɺɧɣ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ɂɜʀɫɨɣɥ ɢɛɥɩɨʀɝ ©Ɍɛɦʀɲɨɛ ɪɫɛɝɟɛª ɧɛɝ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɬɭɛɝ ɬɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɮ ɝʀɟ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɭɝɛ ɟɩ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɐɦɩɟɝʀɞɛ ɏɫɛɨɥɬɷɥɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɪɩɟʀɦɣɦɣ ɧʀɡ ɲɩɭɣɫɧɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɣ ɨɛɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɣɦɣ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɜɛɭɷɥɛ Ƚɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɜɫɛɭɣ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɢɨɣɴɣɭɣ ɩɟɣɨ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɤ ɢɛɞɛɫɜɛɭɣ ɲɮɡʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ 9Ȳ ɬɭ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɣɬɺ ɝɛɡɦɣɝʀ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɝ ɬɣɬɭɠɧʀ ɢɠɧɦɠɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɯɫɛɨɥʀɝ ɂɠɧɠɦɷɨʀ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɨʀ ɯɫɛɨɥɛɧɣ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ʉɛɦɦʀʁ ɬɭɛɦɣ ʁɰɨɷɩɹ ɪɫɣɝɛɭɨɩɹ ɝɦɛɬɨʀɬɭɹ ³ ɛɦɩɟɩɧ ɺɥɣɤ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɝʀɦɷɨɩ ɪɫɩɟɛɭɣ ɛɜɩ ɢɛɪɩɝʀ ɬɭɣ Ɋɩɺɝɛ ɪɫɣɝɛɭɨɩʁ ɝɦɛɬɨɩɬɭʀ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɬɝʀɟɲɣɦɛ ɪɫɩ ɫɩɢɪɛɟ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɰ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɤ ʀ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɪʀɟɝɛɦɣɨ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ

Ⱥɥɨɞ ² ɩɪɢɜɚɬɧɟ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɟ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ

Ɏ ɟɫɮɞʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ 9,, ɬɭ ɏɫɛɨɥɬɷɥɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɦɩ Ɍɮɲɛɬ ɨɣɥɣ ɨɛɢɝɛɦɣ ɱɹ ɟɩɜɮ ©ɲɛɬɩɧ ɦʀɨɣɝɣɰ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝª Ʌɩɫɩɦʀ ɢ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ɇɠɫɩɝʀɨɞʀɝ ɦɣɳɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɣ ɝɦɛɟʀ ɛɦɠ ɨɛɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɝɬʀ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ ɝɣɫʀɳɮɝɛɦɣ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥʀ ɮɪɫɛɝɣ ɭɠɦʀ ³ ɧɛɤɩɫɟɩɧɣ

Ɇɚɣɨɪɞɨɦ ² ɭɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɶɤɢɦɢ ɦɚɽɬɤɚɦɢ ɞɜɨɪɨɦ

X əɤɿ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɭ ɠɢɬɬɿ ɮɪɚɧɤɿɜ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɢɫɶ ɡɚ ɱɚɫɿɜ ɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɏɥɨɞɜɿɝɚ" X ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ©ɋɚɥɿɱɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɞɚª"

Ʌɛɫɩɦʀɨɞɣ ɏɫɛɨɥɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ 9,, ɬɭ ɾɟɣɨɩʁ ɏɫɛɨɥɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɯɛɥ ɭɣɲɨɩ ɨɠ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɩ ɟɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ʁɤ ɢɛɞɫɩɡɮɝɛɦɣ ɨɩɝʀ ɢɛɝɩ ɤɩɝɨɣɥɣ ³ ɛɫɛɜɣ ȼɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɨɣɰ ɩɲɩɦɣɝ ɧɛɤɩɫ ɟɩɧ Ʌɛɫɦ ɇɛɫɭɠɦɦ ² Ƚʀɨ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɝ ɴɩ ɦɣɳɠ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɩɢɜɫɩɾɨɣɤ ɥʀɨɨɩɭɨɣɥ ɢɟɛɭɨɣɤ ɟɩ ɟɛɦɠɥɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ ʀ ɳɝɣɟɥɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɠɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɧʀɞ ɢɮɪɣɨɣɭɣ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɮ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɺɥɣɰ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɛ ɦɠɞɥɛ ɥʀɨɨɩɭɛ Ȼɦɠ ɬɪɩɫɺɟɡɠɨ ɨɺ ɝɠɫɳɨɣɥɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɟɮɡɠ ɟɩɫɩɞɣɧ ɟɩɫʀɝɨɹɝɛɦɩ ɝɛɫɭɩɬɭʀ ² ɥɩɫʀɝ ʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɣɤ ɯɫɛɨɥɬɷɥɣɤ ɝɩʁɨ ɨɠ ɧɛɝ ɢɧɩɞɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɥɮɪɣɭɣ

Ʌɛɫɦ ɇɛɫɭɠɦɦ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ

Ɋʀɪʀɨ Ʌɩɫɩɭɥɣɤ

Ʌɩɫɩɦɷ Ɋʀɪʀɨ Ʌɩɫɩɭɥɣɤ ɬɣɨ ɇɛɫɭɠɦɦɛ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɾ ɢɛ ɪɩɬɭɫɣɞɩɧ ɠɥɬ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɐʀɦɷɟɠɫʀɥɛ ,,, ɝ ɧɩɨɛɰɣ ɞɫɛɝɹɫɛ

ȿɦɺ ɪɫɣɟɜɛɨɨɺ ɢɜɫɩʁ ʀ ɥɩɨɠɤ Ʌɛɫɦ ɪɩɲɛɝ ɝʀɟɜɣɫɛɭɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɝ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɤ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɝɛ ɭɣ ʁɰ ɮ ɟɩɝʀɲɨɠ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɝɩʁɨɮ ɢɛ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɨɠɬɠɨɨɺ ɨɣɧ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɩʁ ɬɦɮɡɜɣ Ɍɠɦɺɨɣ ɺɥʀ ɡɣɦɣ ɨɛ ɱɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɪɩɝɣɨɨʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɮɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɪɫɛɱɠɹ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɍɛɥɛ ɯɩɫɧɛ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɢɠɧɦɠɹ ɟʀɬɭɛɦɛ ɨɛɢɝɮ ɜɠɨɠɯʀɱʀɤ ɝʀɟ ɦɛɭɣɨ EHQHÀFLXP ³ ɜɦɛɞɩɟʀɺɨɨɺ ɂʀ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺɧ ɝɛɡɥɩʁ ɥʀɨɨɩɭɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɪɩɲɛɭɥɩɝɛɨɠ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɠ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɝʀɟ ɨʀɧ 5LWWHU ³ ɝɠɫɳɨɣɥ ɥʀɨɨɣɤ ɝɩʁɨ

² ɞɿɥɹɧɤɚ ɡɟɦɥɿ ɹɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɭ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ Ȼɟɧɟɮɿɰɿɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ

Ɋɫɩ ɩɜɫɺɟ ɪɩɧɛɢɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɱɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɢɞɛɟɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɝ ɥɨɣ ɞɛɰ Ɍɭɛɫɩɞɩ ɂɛɪɩɝʀɭɮ Ɋʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɱɷɩ ɞɩ ɩɜɫɺɟɮ ɝɣɴʀ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɨɩɬɦɮɡɣɭɠ ɦʀ ɢɧɛɢɮɝɛɦɣ ɧɣɫɩɧ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɹ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɨɩɹ ɩɦʀɾɹ ɲɩɦɩ ɫɮɥɣ ʀ ɬɪɣɨɮ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɺ Ɋɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɺɥ ɮɝɛɡɛɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɧɩɨɛɫɰɛ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɣ ɦɛ ɟɛɫɩɝɛɨɛ ȼɩɞɩɧ ɝɣɴɛ ɜɦɛɞɩ ɟɛɭɷ ʀ ɝʀɨ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɝ ɪʀɟ ȼɩɡɣɧ ɢɛɰɣɬɭɩɧ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɩɜɫɺɟ ɪɩɧɛɢɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɱɛɫ ɬɭɝɩ ɢɛɪɩɢɣɲɣɦɣ ɮ ɯɫɛɨɥʀɝ ʀɨɳʀ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥʀ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫʀ

Ɍɪɣɫɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɥʀɨɨɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ Ʌɛɫɦ ɇɛɫɭɠɦɦ ɫɩɢɜɣɝ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɫ ɝ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɪʀɟ Ɋɮɛɭɷɾ ɑɺ ɜɣɭɝɛ ɧɛɦɛ ɝɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɟɩɦʀ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɰɫɣɬɭɣ ɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ³ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɮɪɣɨɠɨɩ ɨɛɬɭɮɪ ɛɫɛɜɩ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɨɛ Ȱɝɫɩɪɮ Ɉɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɥɩɧ Ʌɛɫɦɛ ɇɛɫɭɠɦɦɛ ɬɭɛɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɣɨ Ɋʀɪʀɨ Ʌɩɫɩɭɥɣɤ ²

ɺɥɣɤ ɬɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɧɛɝ ɭɣɭɮɦ ɧɛɤɩɫ ɟɩɧɛ Ɏɬɮɨɮɝɳɣ ɝʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɷɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩ ɦɺ ɢ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ɇɠɫɩɝʀɨɞʀɝ ɮ ɫ Ɋʀɪʀɨ Ʌɩɫɩɭɥɣɤ ɬɭɛɝ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ ɔɩɜ ɪʀɟɥɫɠɬɦɣ ɭɣ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɨɣɤ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɝʀɨ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɝ ɩɜɫɺɟ ɪɩɧɛɢɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɱɛɫɬɭɝɩ

² Ɉɛɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

Ɋʀɪʀɨ Ʌɩɫɩɭɥɣɤ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɝ ɬɝɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɬɣɨɮ Ʌɛɫɦɮ ɺɥɩ ɞɩ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɨɛɢɝɮɭɷ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɍɛɥ ɜɮɦɛ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɛɨɛ ɨɩɝɛ ɟɣ ɨɛɬɭʀɺ ɴɩ ɟʀɬɭɛɦɛ ɨɛɢɝɮ Ɋʀɪʀɨʀɟʀɝ ɛɜɩ Ʌɛɫɩɦʀɨɞʀɝ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ² ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɛɤɝɣɟɛɭɨʀɳɣɧ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ Ʌɛɫɩɦʀɨɞʀɝ ɛ ɤ ɨɛɤɝʀɟɩɧʀɳɣɧ ɧɩɨɛɫɰɩɧ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɑɠ ɤ ɨɠ ɟɣɝɨɩ Ʌɩɫɩɦɷ ɯɫɛɨɥʀɝ ɭɛ ©ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɂɛɰɩɟɮª ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɝ ɮ ɧɠɡɛɰ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɩʁ ɨɣɧ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɜʀɦɷɳɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ƚʀɨ ɪɩɥɦɛɝ ɥɫɛɤ ɟɩɜʀ ©ɭɠɧɨɣɰ ɝʀɥʀɝª ɴɩ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɪɩ ɢɛɞɣɜɠɦʀ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ɏɬɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɝʀɨ ɪɫɩɝʀɝ ɮ ɝɩɾɨɨɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟɛɰ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɮɹɲɣ Ʌɛɫɦ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ɏɬɪʀɰɛɧ Ʌɛɫɦɛ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɛ ɝɛɡɥɛ ɥʀɨɨɩɭɛ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɛ Ʌɛɫɦɩɧ ɇɛɫɭɠɦɦɩɧ Ʌɛɫɦ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɮɬɦɛɝɣɝɬɺ ɨɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺɧɣ ɂɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɝʀɟɜɮ ɦɩɬɺ ɪʀɟɨɠɬɠɨɨɺ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɥɩɭɫɠ ɨɛɢɝɛɦɣ ©Ʌɛɫɩɦʀɨɢɷɥɣɧ ɝʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺɧª ɢɛ ɬɪɫɩ ɜɮ ɝʀɟɫɩɟɣɭɣ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɮ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɮ Ɍɛɧ Ʌɛɫɦ ɧɛɝ ɟɩɜɫɮ ɺɥ ɨɛ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɩɬɝʀɭɮ ɢɨɛɝ ɞɫɠɱɷɥɮ ʀ ɦɛɭɣɨɬɷɥɮ ɧɩɝɣ ɪɩɦɹɜɦɺɝ ɲɣɭɛɭɣ ɥɨɣɡɥɣ ɛ ɩɭ ɪɣɬɛɭɣ ɭɛɥ ɟɩ ɥʀɨɱɺ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɤ ɨɠ ɨɛɝɲɣɝɬɺ Ƚʀɨ ɢɛɪɫɩɳɮɝɛɝ ɟɩ ɬɠɜɠ ʀ ɢɛɦɮɲɛɝ ɟɩ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɹ ɝɲɠɨɣɰ ɢ ɮɬʀɾʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɞɮɫɭɩɥ ɪɫɣ ɟɝɩɫʀ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɪʀɟ ɨɛɢɝɩɹ ©Ȼɥɛɟɠɧʀɺª ³ ɨɛ ɥɳɭɛɦɭ ɯʀɦɩɬɩɯɬɷɥɩʁ ɳɥɩɦɣ ɞɫɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɯʀɦɩɬɩɯɛ Ɋɦɛɭɩɨɛ ³ ɟɠ ɲɣɭɛɦɣ ɢɛ ɪɫɣɬɮɭɨɩɬɭʀ Ʌɛɫɦɛ ɭɝɩɫɣ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɯʀɦɩɬɩɯʀɝ ʀ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɣɰ ɜɩɞɩ ɬɦɩɝʀɝ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɣ ɝʀɫɳʀ ɝʀɦɷɨɩ ɩɜɧʀɨɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɮɧɥɛɧɣ ɢ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɭɠɧ ɬɪɠɫɠɲɛɦɣɬɺ ɂɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɲɦɠɨʀɝ ©Ȼɥɛɟɠɧʀʁª Ʌɛɫɦ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɝ ɪɫɣ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɰ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɬɭɝ ɳɥɩ ɦɣ ɝ ɺɥɣɰ ɞɩɭɮɝɛɦɣ ɩɬɝʀɲɠɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɟɦɺ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɹ Ɏ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ʀɢ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɤ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɰɩɟɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɩɭɩɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɢɠɧ ɦʀ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɬʀɧ ɬɛɥɬʀɝ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɜɮɦɛ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀɺ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɠɨɛ ɛɫɛɜɛ ɧɣ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɛɧɣ ɨɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɡɣɦɣ ɛɝɛɫɣ ɭɛ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ Ɍɭɛɝɳɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ Ʌɛɫɦ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɮ ² ɫɫ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɢɨɣɴɣɝ Ɇɛɨʊɩ ɜɛɫɟɬɷɥɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɝ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ ʀ ɪɫɣ ɾɟɨɛɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɟɩ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ȼɦɠ ɝ ɢɛɪɠɥɦʀɤ ɝʀɤɨʀ ɢ ɛɫɛɜɛɧɣ ɮɬɪʀɰɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɧʀɨʀɧɛɦɷɨɣɧɣ Ɇɣɳɠ ɝ ɫ Ʌɛɫɦ ɩɬɭɛ ɭɩɲɨɩ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɝ ɟɩ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɝʀɟ Ɋʀɫɠɨɠʁɝ ɟɩ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɀɜɫɩ ɇʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ ɢ Ȼɛɰɠɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ȱɝɛɨɞɠɦʀɺ

24

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ

,

,

² Ɉɛɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

Ɉɛɤɭɫɣɝɛɦʀɳɣɧɣ ʀ ɨɛɤɝɛɡɲɣɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɬɛɥɬʀɝ ɴɩ ɝɠɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɫɩɥʀɝ ² ɫɫ Ɍɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ Ʌɛɫɦ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɝɬɹ Ɍɛɥɬɩɨʀɹ ʀ ɬɪɫɩɜɮ ɝɛɝ ɨɛɝɠɫɨɮɭɣ ʁʁ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɮ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɩ Ɏ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɝɩɦɠɦɹɜɨʀ ɝʀɫɨʀ ɜɩɞɛɧ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɫɛɴɮɫʀɝ ɬɛɥɬɣ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɦɣ Ɂɩɫɬɭɩɥʀɬɭɷ ɝɣɥɦɣɥɛɦɛ ɡɩɫɬɭɩɥʀɬɭɷ Ɍɛɥɬɣ ɝɜɣɝɛɦɣ ɝɬʀɰ ɯɫɛɨɥʀɝ ʀ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɣ Ɍɛɥɬɣ ɥʀɝ Ʌɛɫɦ ɨɛɥɛɢɛɝ ɬɭɫɛɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɛɥɬʀɝ ɂɛ ɪɠɫɠɥɛɢɛɧɣ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝɳɣ ɩɟɨɠ ɢ ɬɛɥɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɠɦɣɴ Ʌɛɫɦ ɮɬɭɫɩɧɣɝ ɬɝʀɤ ɧɠɲ ɪɩɬɠɫɠɟ ɧɛɤɟɛɨɮ ɤ ɨɛɥɛɢɛɝ ɮɜɣɭɣ ɝɬʀɰ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɨɛ ɢɫʀɬɭ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɣɴɣɧɣ ɢɛ ɧɠɲ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɧɮ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɫ Ʌɛɫɦ ɢɛ ɰɩɪɣɝ ȼɛɝɛɫɬɷɥɠ ɞɠɫɱɩɞɬɭɝɩ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɝʀɨ ɝɩɹɝɛɝ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɛ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɮɥɦɛɝ ʀɢ ɨɣɧɣ ɬɩɹɢ ɪɫɩɭɣ Ȼɝɛɫ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɛɞɛɨɛɭɮ ³ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɩʁ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɥɛɧɣ ɛɝɛɫɛɧɣ ɝ Ɋɛɨɨɩɨʀʁ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɣ Ƚʀɤɨɛ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɥɛɞɛ ɨɛɭɮ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɛ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɪ·ɺɭɨɛɟɱɺɭɣ ɫɩ ɥʀɝ ² ɫɫ Ƚɩʁɨɣ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ Ʌɩɫɩɨɛɱʀɺ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɞɫɩɧɣɦɣ ɛɝɛɫʀɝ ɤ Ȼɝɛɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɛɞɛɨɛɭ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ

ɢɨɣɥ ʀɢ ɥɛɫɭɣ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ɏɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɷ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɪʀɟ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɩɪɣɨɣɦɛɬɺ ɢɨɛɲɨɛ ɭɠɫɣ ɭɩɫʀɺ ɴɩ ɢɛ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɛɧɣ ɨɛɞɛɟɮɝɛɦɛ ɥɩɦɣ ɳɨɹ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɮ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɮ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɹ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɩɭɩɲɠɨɨɺ Ʌɛɫɦɛ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɛ ʀɟɠɺ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɩɧ ɨɛ ɥɳɭɛɦɭ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɫɣɧɦɺɨ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɺɥ Ʌɛɫɦ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɟɩɪɩ ɧʀɞ Ɋɛɪʀ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɭɣ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɞɳɣ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɮ ɢɨɛɭɷ ɪɛɪɛ Ɇɠɝ ȲȲȲ ɢɛɪɫɩɬɣɝ ɧɩɨɛɫɰɛ ɟɩ ɋɣɧɮ Ɋʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɮɫɩ ɲɣɬɭɩɞɩ ɫʀɢɟɝɺɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɦɠɜɨɹ ɞɫɮɟɨɺ Ʌɩɫɩɨɛ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɫ ɝʀɨ ɨɠɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɨɩ ɟɦɺ ɪɫɣɬɮɭɨʀɰ ɮɝʀɨɲɛɝ ɮɥɦʀɨɨɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ʀɧɪɠɫɬɷɥɩɹ ɥɩɫɩɨɩɹ ɤ ɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɧ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɩɧ Ɏ ɫ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɺ Ɍɰʀɟɨɛ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɝɣɢɨɛɦɛ Ʌɛɫɦɛ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɩɧ ɂɛɰɩɟɮ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ

ȿɠɫɡɛɝɛ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɩɟʀɦɠɨɛ ɨɛ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɩɥɫɮɞɣ ³ ɞɫɛɯɬɭɝɛ Ɋɫɣ ɢɨɛɲɠɨʀ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ ɞɫɛɯɣ ɢɜɣɫɛɦɣ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɣ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɬɮɟɩɲɣɨɬɭɝɩ ɩɲɩɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɠ ɩɪɩɦɲɠɨɨɺ ȿɦɺ ɪɠɫɠɝʀɫɥɣ ʁɰɨɷɩʁ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝ ɬɷɥʀ ɫɠɝʀɢɩɫɣ ɴɩ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɛɦɣɬɺ ɢ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɩɭɩɲɠɨɨɺ Ʌɛɫɦɛ

Ƚɪɚɮɫɬɜɨ ² ɜɟɥɢɤɚ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɚ ɨɞɢɧɢɰɹ ɳɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɥɚɫɹ ɝɪɚɮɨɦ ɹɤɢɣ ɦɚɜ ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɭ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɭ ɿ ɫɭɞɨɜɭ ɜɥɚɞɭ X Ʉɨɥɢ ɿ ɹɤ ɩɨɫɬɚɥɚ ɿɦɩɟɪɿɹ Ʉɚɪɥɚ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ" X ɑɢɦ ɜɨɧɚ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɥɚɫɹ ɜɿɞ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɨʀ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ"

ɂɛɞɣɜɠɦɷ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ Ɏɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩ ɝʀɲɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ʌɛɫɦ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɪɩɧɠɫ ɮ ɫ ɭɛ ɜɮɝ ɪɩɰɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɝ Ȼɛɰɠɨʀ ɟɠ ɡɣɝ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀ ɫɩɥɣ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɛ ɨɣɧ ʀɧɪɠ ɫʀɺ ɪɫɩʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɨɠɟɩɝɞɩ Ɋɫɣɲɣɨɣ ɫɩɢɪɛ ɟɮ ɪɩɦɺɞɛɦɣ ɮ ɬɛɧɩɧɮ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɩʁ Ʌɛɫɦɩɧ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɧ Ƚʀɨ ɬɣɦɩɹ Ȼɛɰɠɨ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɤ ɝɣɞɦɺɟ

ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɝ ɨɛɫɩɟɣ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɢɛ ɫʀɝɨɠɧ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ʀ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɩɹ ɮ ɺɥɣɰ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɩɹ ɜɮɦɛ ɦɣɳɠ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɝʀɫɛ Ⱦɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɧɛɦɩ ɨɛɭɮɫɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɰɛ ɫɛɥɭɠɫ ɮɬʀ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨʀ ɫɠɲʀ ɭɛ ɪɫɩɟɮɥɭɣ ɝɣɫɩɜɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɨɠ ɟɦɺ ɪɫɩɟɛɡɮ ɛ ɟɦɺ ɝɦɛɬɨɩɞɩ ɬɪɩɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ Ƚʀɟɬɮɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɣɰ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥʀɝ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɹɝɛɦɛ ʀɢɩɦɺɱʀɹ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɠɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ Ⱦɫɛɯɣ ɺɥʀ ɮɪɫɛɝɦɺɦɣ ɢɠɧɦɺɧɣ ɰɩɭʀɦɣ ɢɛɥɫʀɪɣɭɣ ʁɰ ɢɛ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɴɩɜ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɝ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɮ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɨɛɴɛɟɥɛɧ Ɉɛɝʀɭɷ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɥɣ ɟɫʀɜɨɣɰ ɜɠɨɠɯʀɱʀʁɝ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɣ ʁɰ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɝɦɛɬɨʀɬɭɹ Ⱦɫɛɯɬɭɝɛ ʀ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɲɣ ɟɫʀɜɨʀ ɢɠɧɦɠɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɱɠɨɭɫɣ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ʀ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɩ ɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɉɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɜɮɦɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɛ ɧʀɱɨɩʁ Ʌɛɫɦ Ɇɣɬɣɤ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɮ ɏɫɛɨɥɬɷɥʀɤ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɨɠ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɩ ɭɩ ɝɩɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɦɛ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɫɩɢɪɛɟɛɭɣɬɺ ɂɛ ɩɨɮɥʀɝ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ³ Ɇɩɭɛɫɛ Ɇɹɟɝʀɞɛ Ɉʀɧɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ʀ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ɇɣɬɩɞɩ ³ ɪɫɩɭɣɬɭɩɺɨɨɺ ɢɛɞɩɬɭɫɣɦɩɬɺ ȿɝɛ ɧɩɦɩɟɳʀ ɜɫɛɭɣ ³ Ɇɹɟɝʀɞ ʀ Ʌɛɫɦ ³ ɨɠ ɰɩɭʀɦɣ ɝɣɢɨɛɝɛɭɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɭɣɭɮɦɮ ɢɛ ɬɭɛɫɳɣɧ ɜɫɛɭɩɧ Ɇɩɭɛɫɠɧ ɭɩɧɮ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɨɷɩɞɩ Ɇɩɭɛɫ ɨɠ ɧɛɝ ɟɩɬɭɛɭɨʀɰ ɬɣɦ ɛɜɣ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɭɣ ɩɜ·ɾɟ ɨɛɨʀ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɜɫɛɭʀɝ ʀ ɜɮɝ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɪʀɭɣ ɨɛ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɥɣ ³ ɪɩɞɩɟɣɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɩɟʀɦ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ɏ ɫ ɨɛ ɢ·ʁɢɟʀ ɮ Ƚɠɫɟɠɨʀ ɩɨɮɥɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɮɥɦɛɦɣ ɮɞɩɟɮ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɟʀɦ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɨɛ ɭɫɣ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ Ȳɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɭɣɭɮɦ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɝɬɺ ɢɛ Ɇɩɭɛɫɠɧ ɛɦɠ ɨʀɺɥɣɰ ɩɬɩ

² Ɉɛɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

ɜɦɣɝɣɰ ɪɫɛɝ ɬɭɩɬɩɝɨɩ ɜɫɛɭʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɣɧɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɺɧɣ ɝʀɨ ɨɠ ɧɛɝ ɇɩ ɦɩɟɳɣɤ Ʌɛɫɦ ȲȲ Ɇɣɬɣɤ ɮɢɺɝ ɬɩɜʀ ɢɛɰʀɟ ɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɤ Ɇɹɟɝʀɞ Ɉʀɧɠɱɷ ɥɣɤ ³ ɬɰʀɟɨɮ Ɍɭɛɫɳɣɤ ɡɠ ɩɨɮɥ Ɇɩɭɛɫ

ɩɭɫɣɧɛɝ Ȳɭɛɦʀɹ ³ ɨɛɤɜɛɞɛɭɳɣɤ ɥɫɛɤ ɭɩɟʀɳɨɷɩʁ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ƚɠɫɟɠɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɩɟʀɦ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɩɨɮɥɛɧɣ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɢɛɪɩɲɛɭɥɮɝɛɝ ɭɫɣ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨʀ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩ ɪɠɤɬɷɥʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ³ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨɮ Ȳɭɛɦʀɹ ʀ ɏɫɛɨɱʀɹ Ȼ ɭɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ Ɋɩɲ 9ȲȲ ɬɭ ³ ɫɩɢɪɛɟ Ȼɨɭɬɷɥɩ ɞɩ ɬɩɹɢɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟɣɨɛ ,; ɬɭ ² ɫɫ ³ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ Ȼɬɥɩɦɷɟɛ ʀ ȿʀɫɛ

Ëþäâ³ãà

Ƚɠɫɟɠɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɩɟʀɦ

Ɂɚɤɪɿɩɢɦɨ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ 1. əɤ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɥɢɫɹ ɜɡɚɽɦɢɧɢ ɦɿɠ ɜɚɪɜɚɪɚɦɢ ɿ ɪɢɦɥɹɧɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɭ ȱ ɬɢɫ ɧ ɟ " 2. ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ ©ɍ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɨʀ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɜɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɜɚɪɜɚɪɢɡɚɰɿʀ Ɋɢɦɭ ɿ ɪɨɦɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɜɚɪɜɚɪɿɜª 3. ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ©ȼɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɪɨɞɿɜª 4. ɑɨɦɭ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɧɢɣ ɥɚɞ ɭ ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɶɤɢɯ ɩɥɟɦɟɧ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶ ©ɜɨɽɧɧɨɸ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɿɽɸª" 5. əɤ ɛɭɥɨ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɚɧɟ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɬɜɨ ɮɪɚɧɤɿɜ" 6. ɓɨ ɫɩɨɧɭɤɚɥɨ ɏɥɨɞɜɿɝɚ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɢ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɬɜɨ" ɋɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɩɭɫɬɢɬɢ ɹɤɿ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɢ ©ɡɚª ɿ ©ɩɪɨɬɢª ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɬɜɚ ɜɿɧ ɦɚɜ 7. ɑɢɦ ɛɭɥɢ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɜ ɠɢɬɬɿ ɮɪɚɧɤɿɜ ɩɿɫɥɹ ʀɯ ɡɚɜɨɸɜɚɧɧɹ ʈɚɥɥɿʀ" 8. Ɂɚɜɞɹɤɢ ɱɨɦɭ Ʉɚɪɥɭ Ɇɚɪɬɟɥɥɭ ɜɞɚɥɨɫɹ ɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɢ ɩɪɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɪɚɛɿɜ" 9. Ɋɨɡɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɹɜɭ ©ɋɚɥɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɪɚɜɞɢª ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɜɢ ɜɛɚɱɚɽɬɟ ʀʀ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ" 10. ɑɨɦɭ ɜ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɬɜɿ ɮɪɚɧɤɿɜ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɚɫɹ ɡɦɿɧɚ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɿʀ Ɇɟɪɨɜɿɧɝɿɜ ɧɚ Ʉɚɪɨɥɿɧɝɿɜ" 11. ɑɢɦ ɛɭɥɚ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɚ ɛɨɪɨɬɶɛɚ Ʉɚɪɥɚ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɩɿɞɤɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɫɚɤɫɿɜ" 12. Ɋɨɡɤɪɢɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɪɨɡɩɚɞɭ Ɏɪɚɧɤɫɶɤɨʀ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ əɤ ɜɿɧ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɜɫɹ" əɤɢɦɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ"

§ 3–4. ³çàíò³éñüêà ³ìïåð³ÿ Ɉɛɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɮ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɹ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛ ɹɭɷ ©ɢɩɦɩɭɣɧ ɧʀɬɭɥɩɧª ɧʀɡ ɬɭɛɫɩɟɛɝɨɷɩɹ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɾɹ ɭɛ ɨɩɝɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ Ɏ ©ɭɠɧɨʀ ɬɭɩɦʀɭ ɭɺª ɫɛɨɨɷɩɞɩ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɭɛ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɝɳɣ ʁɰ ɢ ʀɟɠɛɦɛɧɣ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ ɬɭɝɛ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɦɣ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀɧ ɨɛɫɩɟɛɧ Ɉɛ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɟɛɝɨɷɩʁ ɞɫɠɱɷɥɩʁ ɥɩɦɩɨʀʁ Ƚʀ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷ ɫɠɥɩɨɬɭɫɮɥɱʀɺ

ɢɛɨɭʀɺ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɤ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨ Ȳ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɫ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɝ ɨɩɝɮ ɬɭɩɦɣɱɹ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɧʀɬɭɩ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷ ɂɛ ɨɛɢɝɩɹ ©Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɺª ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɣ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ʀ ɟɛɦɣ ɨɛɢɝɮ Ɍɰʀɟɨʀɤ ɋɣɧɬɷɥʀɤ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɬɛɧʀ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɬɠɜɠ ɫɩ ɧɠɺɧɣ ɫɣɧɦɺɨɛɧɣ ɛ ɬɝɩɹ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ³ ɫɩɧɠɤɬɷɥɩɹ ɒɛɬɩɧ ɪɩɺɝɣ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɛɜɩ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɫ ɥɩɦɣ ʀɧɪɠ ɫɛɭɩɫ ɏɠɩɟɩɬʀɤ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɪɩɟʀɦɣɝ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɹ ɧʀɡ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɬɣɨɛɧɣ Ɋʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɑɠɫɠɧɩɨʀɺ ɥɩɫɩɨɛɱʀʁ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɷ ɰɣɭɫʀ ɥɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷɬɷɥʀ ʀɧ ɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɣ ɢɧɩɞɦɣ ɝɫɺɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɤ ɬɪɫɺɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɝɛɫɝɛɫʀɝ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ɏ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɥɩɦɣ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɛ Ȱɝɫɩɪɛ ɦɠɡɛɦɛ ɝ ɫɮʁɨɛɰ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɧʀɱɨʀɦɛ ɤ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭɛɦɛ Ɉɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɣ ɞɫɠɥɣ ɬɣɫʀɤɱʀ ɾɝɫɠʁ ɾɞɣɪɭɺɨɣ ɝʀɫɧɠɨɣ ɞɫɮɢɣɨɣ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɨɛ ɫɩɟɣ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɧɣ ɧʀɬɭɛɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣ ɨɩɪɩɦɷ Ȼɦɠɥɬɛɨɟɫʀɺ Ȼɨɭʀɩɰʀɺ ɟɠ ɧɠɳɥɛɦɩ ɪɩ ² ɭɣɬ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ Ɍɭɩɦɣɱɺ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ³ Ʌɩɨ ɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷ ³ ɜɮɦɛ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠɢʀ ɪɫɩɭɩɥɣ ȼɩɬɯɩɫ ɟɠ ɪɠɫɠɭɣɨɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛɤɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳʀ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨʀ ɳɦɺɰɣ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ³ ʀɢ ɒɩɫɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ Ƚɛɬɣɦɠɝɬ ɢɜʀɫɨɣɤ ɩɜɫɛɢ

ɟɩ Ɍɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɞɩ ɭɛ ɬɮɰɩɟʀɦɷɨɣɤ ³ ʀɢ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɟɩ Ȼɢʀʁ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɺ ɝɠɦɛ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦɹ ɢ Ʌɣɭɛɾɧ Ȳɫɛɨɩɧ Ȳɨɟʀɾɹ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɧɣ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɭɛ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

² Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ

ɂɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɣɧ ɮɬɭɫɩɾɧ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɺ ɜɮɦɛ ɧɩɨɛɫɰʀɾɹ Ɏɬɺ ɪɩɝɨɩɭɛ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɦɛ ɝɛɬɣɦɠɝɬɮ ɞɫɠɱɷɥɛ ɨɛɢɝɛ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɜɮɝ ©ɨɣɡɲɠ ȼɩɞɛ ʀ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɧ ɪʀɬɦɺ ȼɩɞɛª ɐɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɛ ɝɦɛɟɮ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɛ ɰɣɬɨɣɥɩɧ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɤ ɝɣɧɛɞɛɦɛ ɝʀɟ ɪʀɟɟɛɨɣɰ ɝʀɟɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɤɩɧɮ ɜɩɞɩɫʀɝɨɮ ɳɛɨɮ Ȼɦɠ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɩɹ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝʀɬɭɹ ɜɮɦɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɨɩɹ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɛɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɪɩɬɛɟɛ ʀɧɪɠɫɛ ɭɩɫɛ ɛ ɨɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɩɬɩɜɛ Ȳɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɨɠ ɮɬɪɛɟɥɩɝɮɝɛɝ ɭɫɩɨɮ ɛ ɩɜɣɫɛɝɬɺ ɛɫɧʀɾɹ ɬɣɨ ɥɦʀɭɩɧ ɞɫɠɱɷɥɛ ɨɛɢɝɛ Ɍɠɨɛɭɮ ʀ ɨɛɫɩɟɩɧ Ƚɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɝɦɛɟɛ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɛɜɬɩɦɹɭɨɩɹ ɭɛ ɨɠɩɜɧɠɡɠɨɩɹ Ƚʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɪɩ ɨɛɟ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧ ɫɩɢɪɩɫɺɟɡɛɝɬɺ ɡɣɭɭɺɧ ʀ ɧɛɤɨɩɧ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪʀɟɟɛɨɣɰ Ȳɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɪɫɛɝɣɝ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɹ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɝɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɲɣɨɩɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɬɣɨɥɦʀɭɮ ɴɩ ɜɮɝ ɟɩɫɛɟɲɣɧ ɩɫɞɛɨɩɧ ɪɫɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫʀ Ƚʀɨ ɜɮɝ ʀ ɞɦɛɝɩɹ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ʀ ɝɣɴɣɧ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɟɛɝ ɱɠɧ ʀ ɥɠɫʀɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɮɫɺɟɮ ʀ ɝɣɴɣɧ ɬɮɟɟɠɹ ʀ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɩɥɩɧɛɨɟɮɝɛɲɠɧ ɛɫɧʀʁ X Ʉɨɥɢ ɿ ɹɤ ɜɢɧɢɤɥɚ ȼɿɡɚɧɬɿɣɫɶɤɚ ɿɦɩɟɪɿɹ" X əɤɢɦ ɛɭɜ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɭɫɬɪɿɣ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ"

Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɺ ɢɛ əɬɭɣɨʀɛɨɛ Ȳ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɂɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ əɬɭɣɨʀɛɨɛ Ȳ ² ɫɫ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɛ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɣ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɩɬɭʀ əɬɭɣɨʀɛɨ ɧɛɝ ɟɩɜɫɮ ɩɬɝʀɭɮ ɜɮɝ ɪɫɛɱɠɦɹɜɨɣɧ ɫʀɳɮɲɣɧ ɨɛɪɩɦɠɞɦɣɝɣɧ ʀ ɭɛɦɛɨɩɝɣɭɣɧ ɟɩ ɥɠɫʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɛ Ȼɦɠ ɝ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɨɛɲɠ ɬɪʀɝʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɟɝʀ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɩɬɭʀ ɂ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɜɩɥɮ əɬɭɣɨʀɛɨ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɺɝ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥʀɤ ɦɹɟɣɨʀ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɣɭɣ ɝɦɛɬɨɮ ɟɮɧɥɮ ʀ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɪɩɥɛɢɮɝɛɝ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɨɠɢɛɟɩɝɩɦɠɨɨɺ ɢɩɝɨʀ ɛɦɠ ɝɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɝʀɨ ɢɛ ɬɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺɧɣ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɜɮɝ ɰɣɭɫɣɧ ʀ ɪʀɟɬɭɮɪɨɣɧ ɮɧʀɦɩ ɪɫɣɰɩ ɝɮɝɛɝ ɬɝʀɤ ɞɨʀɝ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɢɛ ɂɛ ɫɩɢɮɧɩɧ ʀ ɪʀɟɬɭɮɪɨʀɬɭɹ əɬ əɬɭɣɨʀɛɨɛ Ȳ ɭɣɨʀɛɨɮ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɦɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɛ ɏɠɩɟɩɫɛ Ƚɩɨɛ ɧɛɦɛ ɢɛɦʀɢɨɮ ɝɩɦɹ ʀ ɝ ɫɛɢʀ ɬɥɫɮɭɣ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɛ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥɛ Ɏ ɫ ɪɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɟɺɟɷɥɛ əɬɭɣɨʀɛɨ ʀ ɏɠɩɟɩɫɛ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɳɠɨʀ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɩɧ ɭɛ ʀɧɪɠ ɫɛɭɫɣɱɠɹ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɂɛ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɧ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ əɬɭɣɨʀ ɛɨɛ Ȳ ɝ ² ɫɫ ɜɮɦɩ ɮɥɦɛɟɠɨɩ ɢɜʀɫɥɮ ɢɛɥɩɨʀɝ ©ɂɝʀɟ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɬɷɥɩ ɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɛª ɟɠ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɛɝɨʀ ɫɣɧɬɷɥʀ ɪɫɛɝɩɝʀ ɨɩɫɧɣ ɤ ɟɮɰɩɝɨʀ əɬɭɣɨʀɛɨ ɨɛ ɯɫɠɬɱʀ 9, ɬɭ ɝ ɋɛɝɠɨɨʀ

30

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ

ɏɠɩɟɩɫɛ ɧɩɢɛʁɥɛ

ɱʀɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ©ɂɝʀɟ«ª ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɳɮɝɛɝ ɫʀɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɮɬʀɰ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɺɨ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɧ ɐɩɲɛ ɫɛɜɬɭɝɩ ɨɠ ɬɥɛɬɩɝɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɛɦɠ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɺɦɩɬɺ ɝɜɣɝɛɭɣ ɫɛɜʀɝ ʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɢɧɩɞɮ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɣɭɣɬɺ ɂɛɥɩɨɣ əɬɭɣɨʀɛɨɛ ɢɫʀɝɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɝ ɪɫɛɝɛɰ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥɛ ɭɛ ɡʀɨɥɮ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɺɦɣ ɫɩɢɦɮɲɠɨɨɺ ɢɛɬɮɟɡɠɨɠ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩɹ ɱɠɫɥɝɩɹ Ɏ ©ɂɝɩɟʀª ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɳɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ʀɟɠɺ ɨɠɩɜɧɠɡɠɨɩʁ ɭɛ ɛɜɬɩɦɹɭɨɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ©ɝɩɦɺ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ³ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɩ ɢɛɥɩɨʀɝª ȼɮɦɩ ɢɛɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɩ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɨɠɟɩɭɩɫɥɛɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɣɝɛɭɨɩʁ ɝɦɛɬɨɩɬɭʀ ©ɂɝʀɟ«ª ɬɭɛɝ ɢɫɛɢɥɩɧ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɢɫɩɜɥɣ ɢɛɥɩɨʀɝ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɮ ɐȲȲ²ɐȲ9 ɬɭ ȼɮɫɰɦɣɝɛ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ əɬɭɣɨʀɛɨɛ ɝɣɧɛɞɛɦɛ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɥɩɳɭʀɝ ɂɫɩɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɪɩɟɛɭɥʀɝ ɢɦɩɝɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɤ ɰɛɜɛɫɨɣɱɭɝɩ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɲɣɨɩɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɮ ɫ ɝɣɥɦɣɥɛɦɣ ɝ

² Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ

Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦʀ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɺɥɠ ɩɟɠɫ ɡɛɦɩ ɨɛɢɝɮ ©Ɉʀɥɛª ɲɠɫɠɢ ɞɛɬɦɩ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨ ɂɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ əɬɭɣɨʀɛɨɛ Ȳ ɝ ɱʀɝ ©Ɉʀɥɛ ª ³ ©Ɋɠɫɠɧɩɞɛ ª Ƚʀɬʀɧ ɟɨʀɝ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩ ɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɩ ɰɫɛɧ Ɍɝɺɭɩʁ Ɍɩɯʀʁ Ʉɩɞɩ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɱʀ ɝ ɧʀɬɭʀ Ȼɦɠ ʀɧɪɠɫɛ ɢɝɩɟɣɦɣ ɭɣɬ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɭɩɫ ɪʀɟɥɮɪɣɝ ɝɩɡɟʀɝ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩ ɪ·ɺɭɣ ɫɩɥʀɝ ² ɫɫ ɂɢɩɝɨʀ ɧɩɞɩɹ ɢɛɞɩɨʀɝ ɝɛɫɝɛɫʀɝ ɨɛɤɧɛɨɱʀɝ ɪɫɣɟɮ ɰɫɛɧ ɝɣɞɦɺɟɛɝ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɛɦɠ ɝɬɠ ɳɣɝ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɮɜɣɝɳɣ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɭɣɬ ɫɠɟɣɨʀ ɝɫɛɡɛɝ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɛɧɣ Ⱦʀɞɛɨɭ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɬɷɥɠ ɧɩɢɛʁɲɨɠ ɬɥɦɠɪʀɨɨɺ ɟʀɛɧɠ ɋɩɢɪɫɛɝɣɝɳɣɬɷ ʀɢ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɱɺɧɣ əɬɭɣ ɭɫɩɧ ɧ ɨɠɨɛɲɠ ɝɣɬʀɦɩ ɝ ɪɩɝʀɭɫʀ ɨʀɛɨ ɮɢɺɝɬɺ ɢɛ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɠɨɨɺ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɩʁ ɧɠɭɣ ɜɠɢ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɩʁ ɩɪɩɫɣ ɑɠ ɟɩɬɺɞɛɦɩ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ³ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ɬɺ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɛ ɜɛɨɺ ɭɫɣɧɛɦɛɬɺ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɝ ʁʁ ɥɩɦɣɳɨʀɰ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɛɰ ɨɛ ɟɝɩɰ ɪʀɝɜɛɨɺɰ ɥɩɡɨɛ ɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɮ Ɏ ɫ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɛɫɧʀɺ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɢ ɬɝɩɹ ɲɠɫɞɮ ɬɪɣɫɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɭɫɣ ɧɛɦʀ ɝɣɟɛɭɨɣɧ ɪɩɦɥɩɝɩɟɱɠɧ Ƚɠɦɣɢɛɫʀɾɧ ɪʀɝɜɛɨʀ ɒɩɭɣɫɣ ɬɭɩɝɪɣ ɴɩ ɭɫɣ ɫɩɢɞɫɩɧɣɦɛ ɝɛɨɟɛɦʀɝ ʀ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɛ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲ ɧɛɦɣ ɬɥɦɠɪʀɨɨɺ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɣɰɩɝɛɨʀ ɨɮ Ȼɯɫɣɥɮ ȿɛɦʀ ɛɫɧʀɺ Ƚɠɦɣɢɛɫʀɺ ɩɝɩ ɛ ɲʀɭɥɩ ɝɣɟɨʀɦɣɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɝʀɭɫɣ ɦɩɟʀɝɳɣ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɩɧ Ɍɣɱɣɦʀɺ ɝɟɠɫɦɛɬɺ ɟɩ ɦɛ ɭɫɣɥɮɭɨɣɥɣ ɧʀɡ ɛɫɥɛɧɣ ɐɫɠɬɭ ɨɛ ɬɥɦɠɪʀɨɨʀ ɬɣɧɝɩɦʀɢɮɝɛɝ ȼɩɡɮ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ ɂɨɛɲɨɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɦɛ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɛ ɩɪʀɥɮ ɤ ɢɛɰɣɬɭ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ʌɩɦɣ ɫ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀɝ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩɹ ɱɠɫɥɝɩɹ ɤ ɩɬɝɺɲɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɰɫɛɧ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ əɬ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺɧ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ Ɏ ɫ ɛɫɧʀɺ Ƚɠɦɣ ɭɣɨʀɛɨ Ȳ ɢɛɲɛɫɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɠɦɣɲ ɢɛɫʀɺ ɜɠɢ ɜɩɹ ɝɬɭɮɪɣɦɛ ɟɩ ɋɣɧɮ ɛ ɢɛ ɭɫɣ ɨɩɹ ɥɫɛɬɩɹ ɝɣɞɮɥɨɮɝ ©ɐɝɛɦɛ ɫɩɥɣ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɣ ɬɭɩɦɣɱɹ ɝɛɫɝɛ Ⱦɩɬɪɩɟɮ ɺɥɣɤ ɨɛɟɣɰɨɮɝ ɧɠɨɠ ɫʀɝ ³ ɋɛɝɠɨɨɮ ɂɟɛɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɴɩ əɬɭɣɨʀɛɨ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɭɣ ɭɛɥɮ ɬɪɫɛɝɮ Ɍɩɦɩɧɩɨɠ ɮɡɠ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɟɩɬɺɞ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɭɨɩʁ ɧɠɭɣ ɛɦɠ ɭɮɭ ɺ ɭɠɜɠ ɪɠɫɠɝɠɫɳɣɝ ª Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɺ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɛ ɨɛɪɛɟɮ ɢ ɜɩɥɮ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ʀ ɪɠɫɬʀɝ Ȳɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɝʀɟɥɦɣɥɛɝ Ƚɠɦɣɢɛɫʀɺ ʀ ɪɩɬɦɛɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɢ ɛɫɧʀɾɹ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɣɬɭ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɥɩɫɟɩɨʀɝ Ɋɩɦɥɩɝɩɟɠɱɷ ɮɪɩɫɛɝɬɺ ʀ ɢ ɱɣɧ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺɧ ȿɩ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɨɛ ɂɛɰɩɟʀ əɬɭɣɨʀɛɨ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɝɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɫ ʀ ɰɩɲɛ ɨɠ ɢɧʀɞ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɭɣ ɧɠɡʀ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɲɛɬʀɝ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɛ ɪɫɩɭɠ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɣɝ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ɍɩɜɩɫ Ɍɝɺɭɩʁ Ɍɩɯʀʁ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɝɟɝʀɲʀ ɝ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦʀ ɂɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ əɬɭɣ ɫɠɥɩɨɬɭɫɮɥɱʀɺ

ɨʀɛɨɛ Ȳ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣ ɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɱɠɨɭɫ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ X əɤɿ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɿ ɡɞɨɛɭɬɤɢ ɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɘɫɬɢɧɿɚɧɚ ȱ"

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ

©Ⱦɫɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɝɩɞɩɨɷª ³ ɭɛ ɾɧɨɮ ɢɜɫɩɹ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ³ ɝɣɨɛɤɳɩɝ ɬɣɫʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɩɫ ʀ ɰʀɧʀɥ Ʌɛɦɦʀɥɩɨ ɑɠ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɛɦɛɹɲɛ ɬɮɧʀɳ ɺɥɮ ɪʀɟ ɭɣɬ ɥɩɧ ɝɣɥɣɟɛɦɣ ɢʀ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɩɧɪ ɛɜɩ ɨɛɦɣɝɛɦɣ ɝ ɧɮɳɦʀ ɤ ɥɣ ɟɛɦɣ ɢ ɥɛɭɛɪɮɦɷɭ ɨɛ ɝɩɫɩɡʀ ɥɩɫɛɜ ɦʀ Ɍɥɦɛɟ ɱʀɾʁ ɬɮɧʀɳʀ ɨɛɬɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɫɠɭɠɦɷɨɩ ɪɫɣɰɩɝɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɴɩ ɤ ɟɩ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɮɬʀ ʁʁ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɣɥɣ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɩɧʀ Ƚʀɫɩɞʀɟɨɩ ©ɞɫɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɝɩɞɩɨɷª ɧʀɬ ɭɣɝ ɬɧɩɦɮ ɬʀɫɥɮ ɬɠɦʀɭɫɮ ɨɛɯɭɮ Ɉɛɬɦʀɟɥɣ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺ ©ɞɫɠɱɷɥɩ ɞɩ ɝɩɞɨɹª ɜɮɦɣ ɡɛɰɦɣɝɣɧɣ Ɋɛɦɛ ɹɲɛ ɧɛɬɦɺɨɛ ɫʀɟɣɨɛ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɹɝɛ ɦɛ ɝɬɠ ɨɛ ɪɩɪʀɦ ʁʁ ɨɠɧɩɡɦɣɝɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɞɛɬɣɭɣ ʀ ɝɫɺɭɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɨɠʁ ɪɦɛɝɩɧ ɬɮɧʀɳ ɞɩ ɫʀɦɛ ɨɛ ɝɩɟʀ Ɏɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɷ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɱʀɾɹ ɢɜɫɩɾɹ ɢɛ ɜɠɢ ɪɠɲɮ ɝɛɦɩ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɣ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱɺɧ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɨɛ ɧɩɫʀ

Ƚ ʀɢɛɨɭʀɺ ɭɛ ɛɫɛɜɣ Ɋɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ Ɇɠɝɛ ȲȲȲ Ȳɬɛɝɫɛ Ȳɥɩɨɩɜɩɫɬɭɝɩ Ɏ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ 9,, ɬɭ ɜʀɦɺ ɥɩɫɟɩ ɨʀɝ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɢ·ɺɝɣɝɬɺ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɝɩɫɩɞ ³ ɛɫɛ ɜɣ ɟɩɥɦɛɟɨʀɳɠ ɪɫɩ ɨɣɰ ɜɮɟɠ ɫɩɢɥɛɢɛɨɩ ɝ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɩɧɮ ɪɛɫɛɞɫɛɯʀ Ɋʀɟ ɪɫɛɪɩɫɩɧ ©ɬɝɺɴɠɨɨɩʁ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɝ ʀɧ·ɺ Ȼɦɦɛɰɛª ɝɩɨɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɬɭɫʀɧɥɠ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɝʀɢɛɨ ɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɝʀɨɱʀɤ Ɋɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ² ɫɫ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɺ ɝɭɫɛɭɣɦɛ Ɍɣɫʀɹ Ɋɛɦɠɬɭɣɨɮ Ƚɠɫɰɨɹ ɇɠɬɩɪɩɭɛɧʀɹ ɛ ɴɠ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɪʀɝɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ ³ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɮ Ȼɯɫɣɥɮ Ɋɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɢ ɟɩɜɩɹ əɬɭɣɨʀɛɨɛ Ȳ ɭɠɫɣɭɩ ɫʀɺ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɢɧɠɨɳɣɦɛɬɺ ɝɭɫɣɲʀ Ɉɠɢɛɜɛɫɩɧ ɛɫɛɜɣ ɪɩɥɦɛɦɣ ɥɫɛɤ ʀ ɪɛɨɮ ɝɛɨɨɹ ɯɦɩɭɮ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɨɛ ɧɩɫɺɰ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɝ ɳɣ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɤ ɯɦɩɭ ʀ ɝʀɟʀɜɫɛɝɳɣ ɮ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤ ɱʀɝ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ Ʌɫɣɭ Ɍɣɱɣɦʀɹ ɭɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ȼɛɦɥɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ Ɋɩɲɣɨɛɹɲɣ ɢ ɫ ɛɫɛɜɣ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɭɣ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷ ɩɟɨɛɥ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɝʀɟɜɣɝɛɦɣ ʁɰ ɝʀɟ ɧɮɫʀɝ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɛ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɤ ɯɦɩɭ ɢɨɣɴɣɦɣ ©ɞɫɠɱɷ ɥɣɧ ɝɩɞɨɠɧª

ȼʀɤ ɧʀɡ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱɺɧɣ ɤ ɛɫɛɜɛɧɣ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɛ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ

² Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ

33

Ɏ ɫ ɛɫɛɜɣ ɝɭɫɠɭɾ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɳɭɮɫɧ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɩɹ ɬɮɰɩɟʀɦɷɨɩɹ ɛɫɧʀɾɹ ʀ ɯɦɩɭɩɧ ʀɢ ɥɩɫɛɜɦʀɝ ɍɛ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɫʀɳɮɲɣɧ ɟʀɺɧ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɢ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɩɧ Ɇɠɝɩɧ ȲȲȲ Ȳɬɛɝɫɩɧ ² ɝɩɫɩɞɛ ɪɩɴɛɬɭɣɦɩ ɢɮɪɣɨɣɭɣ ɤ ɝʀɟɥɣɨɮɭɣ ɝʀɟ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ȳɢ ɥɩ©Ⱦɫɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɝɩɞɩɨɷª ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ

ɫɛɜɦʀɝ ɝ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɩɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɪ·ɺɭɷ ʀɢ ɭɣɬ ɝɩʁɨʀɝ ɮɫɺɭɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɭɣɬɺɲ Ɋɠɫɠɧɩɞɛ Ɇɠɝɛ ȲȲȲ Ȳɬɛɝɫɛ ɨɛɟ ɛɫɛɜɛɧɣ ɧɛɦɛ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ Ɏɬɪʀɳɨɛ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɛ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ ɢɮɪɣɨɣɦɛ ɪɫɩɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɭɛ ɝɫɺɭɮɝɛɦɛ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪɮ ɝʀɟ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɨɛɝɛɦɣ ȼɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɬɪɩɨɮɥɛɦɛ Ɇɠɝɛ ȲȲȲ Ȳɬɛɝɫɛ ɫɠɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɮ ɛɫɧʀɹ Ȳɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ Ɇɠɝ ȲȲȲ Ȳɬɛɝɫ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɝ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɥʀɨɨɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɩɢɜɫɩɾɨɨɺ ɥʀɨɨɩɭɨɣɥɛ ɥɩɳɭɮɝɛɦɩ ɟɩɫɩɞɩ ɍɩɟʀ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɦɣ ɢɛɪɩɢɣɲɣɭɣ ɟɩɬɝʀɟ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɝɩɨɣ ɫɩɢɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ ʀɢ ɬɠɦɺɨɛɧɣ ɴɩ ʁɰ ɩɜɫɩɜɦɺɦɣ ɝɩʁɨɛɧ ɺɥʀ ɢɛ ɪɫɣɜɮɭɩɥ ɝʀɟ ɱɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɥɮɪɮɝɛɭɣ ɥɩɨɠɤ ɭɛ ɩɢɜɫɩɾɨɨɺ Ȼɦɠ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɠɨɨɺ ɱʀɾʁ ʀɟɠʁ ɝɣɧɛɞɛɦɩ ɝʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦɮ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɧɣ ɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛɧɣ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɦɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɇɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɭɣ ʁɰ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɝ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɫɮɰɮ ʀɥɩɨɩɜɩɫɱʀɝ ɪɫɣɝɩɟɩɧ ɟɩ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɬɮɪɠɫɠɲɥɣ ɧʀɡ ɪɫɣɰɣɦɷɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɤ ɬɮɪɫɩɭɣɝɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɝɳɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ʀɥɩɨ ɰɫɠɬɭʀɝ ʀ ɬɝɺɭɣɰ ɧɩɴɠɤ Ɍɮɪɫɩɭɣɝɨɣɥɣ ɝɳɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ʀɥɩɨ ɭɝɠɫɟɣɦɣ ɴɩ ɪɩɥɦɩɨʀɨɨɺ ʀɥɩɨɛɧ ɾ ʀɟɩɦɩɪɩɥɦɩɨɬɭɝɩɧ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɱɠ ɪɩɥɦɩɨʀɨɨɺ ɫɠɲɛɧ ɛ ɨɠ ȼɩɞɮ ɛɦɠ ɪɫɣɰɣɦɷɨɣɥɣ ɝɳɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ʀɥɩɨ ɜɮɦɣ ʀɨɳɩʁ ɟɮɧɥɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɣ ɴɩ ɝ ʀɥɩɨɛɰ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɬɝɺɭɣɰ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭɛɰ ɪɫɣɬɮɭɨɺ ȼɩɡɛ ɬɣɦɛ ɍɩɟʀ Ɇɠɝ ȲȲȲ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɝ ɬɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɭɣɬɺ ʀɢ ɱɣɰ ɬɮɪɠɫɠɲɩɥ ʀ ɝ ɫ ɝɣɟɛɝ ɮɥɛɢ ɪɫɩ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɮ ɪɩɥɦɩɨʀɨɨɺ ʀɥɩɨɛɧ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝɳɣ ɝʀɟɜɣɫɛɭɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɝ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀɝ ɇɣɫɺɨɛɧ ɪɩɺɬɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɴɩ ɝɳɛɨɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɭɫɠɜɛ ȼɩɞɛ ɛ ɨɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ȿʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɝʀɟʀɜɫɛɨɣɰ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɨɛɟɛɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɧ ɝɩʁɨɛɧ ɥʀɨɨɩɭɨɣɥɛɧ Ɉɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɫɩɢɥɩɦɩɦɩɬɺ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɛ ɢɨɛɭɷ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɛ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɛ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɞɩ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ɤ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɛ ɢɛɬɮɟɡɮɝɛɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ȼɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɧʀɡ ɪɫɣɰɣɦɷɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɬɮɪɫɩɭɣɝɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɳɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ʀɥɩɨ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɛ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ Ɉɛɫɠɳɭʀ ɫ ɳɛɨɮɝɛɦɷɨɣɥɣ ʀɥɩɨ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɦɣ ɥɮɦɷɭ ʀɥɩɨ ɜɮɦɩ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɦɠɨɩ ɛ ʀɥɩɨɩɜɩɫɱʀɝ ɢɛɬɮɟɡɠɨɩ ɱɠɫɥɝɩɹ Ɏ ɱʀɤ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɢɛɞɣɨɮɦɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɳɠɟɠɝɫʀɝ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɛ

ȱɤɨɧɨɛɨɪɰɿ ² ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɢɤɢ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɩɨɤɥɨɧɿɧɧɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɭ Ȼɨɝɚ ɫɜɹɬɢɯ ȼɢɫɬɭɩɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɬɢ ɜɲɚɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɿɤɨɧ ɯɪɟɫɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɫɜɹɬɢɯ ɦɨɳɟɣ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ

Ɇɨɳɿ ² ɦɭɦɿɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɩɨɦɟɪɥɨɝɨ ɫɜɹɬɨɝɨ

ɋɮɰ ʀɥɩɨɩɜɩɫɱʀɝ ɟɛɝ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ Ɇɠɝɮ ȲȲȲ Ȳɬɛɝɫɮ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɮ ɥʀɨ ɨɩɭɮ ɴɩ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɩɥɫɠɧɮ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɮ ɝɠɫɬɭɝɮ ɨɛ ɢɫɛɢɩɥ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤ ɬɷɥɣɰ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ X Ɂɚɜɞɹɤɢ ɱɨɦɭ ȼɿɡɚɧɬɿʀ ɜɞɚɥɨɫɹ ɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɢ ɧɚɜɚɥɭ ɚɪɚɛɿɜ"

Ɋɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɇɛɥɠɟɩɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ɂɛɬɨɩɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɇɛɥɠɟɩɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ɬɭɛɝ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ Ƚɛɬɣɦʀɤ Ȳ ² Ƚʀɨ ɨɛɫɩɟɣɝɬɺ ɝ ɬɠɦɺɨɬɷɥʀɤ ɫɩɟɣɨʀ Ɋʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɢ ɜɩɦɞɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɨɛɜʀɞʀɝ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɝ ɮ ɪɩɦɩɨ ʀ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɡɣɝ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɩ ɨɠɝɩɦɹɝɛɲʀɝ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɠɨɨɺ ɟɩ Ƚʀɢɛɨ Ƚɛɬɣɦʀɤ Ȳ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɧɩɨɠɭʀ

ɭʀʁ Ƚɛɬɣɦʀɤ ɮɦɛɳɭɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɥɩɨɹɰɩɧ ɝ ʀɧɪɠ ɫɛɭɩɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɭɛɤɨɺɰ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɥɫɛɬʀ ɫɩɢɮɧɮ ɬɣɦʀ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɧ ɢɟʀɜɨɩɬɭɺɧ ɝʀɨ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ ɥɛɫɥɩɦɩɧɨɮ ɥɛɫ·ɾɫɮ ʀɢ ɥɩɨɹɰɛ ɝɣɫʀɬ ɟɩ ɬɪʀɝɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɺ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɇɣɰɛʁɦɛ ȲȲȲ Ȳɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɬɭɛɝ ɝʀɟɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɠ ɜɠɢɪɠɥɮ ɢ ɜɩɥɮ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɬɪʀɝɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɺ ʀ ɨɛɥɛɢɛɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɜɣɭɣ Ɋɫɩɭɠ Ƚɛɬɣɦʀɤ ɝɣɺ ɝɣɝɬɺ ɬɪɫɣɭɨʀɳɣɧ ɮɜɣɝ ɇɣɰɛʁɦɛ ȲȲȲ ʀ ɬɛɧ ɬɭɛɝ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɩɧ ɔɩɜ ɨɠ ɝɭɫɛɭɣɭɣ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɝʀɨ ɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɝ ɪɩɫɺɟɩɥ ɢɛ ɺɥɣɧ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɮɬɪɛɟɥɮɝɛɭɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɲɦɠɨɣ ɪɫɛɝɦɺɲɩʁ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɣ ɇɛɥɠɟɩɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ɪɫɛɝɣ ɦɣ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɾɹ ɟɩ ɫɩɥɮ ȿɩɜɛ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫʀɝ ɇɛɥɠɟɩɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭɮ Ƚʀ ɢɛɨɭʀʁ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɝɬɺ ɝ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɤ ɨɛ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɣɤ ɱɠɨɭɫ ɛ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɥɮɪɱʀ ɪʀɟɪɩɫɺɟɥɮɝɛɦɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɝɬɹ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦɹ ɧʀɡ ɂɛɰɩɟɩɧ ʀ Ɍɰɩɟɩɧ Ɍɛɧɠ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɟɩ ɬɥɛɫɜɨɣɱʀ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɨɛɟɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɭɛɥʀ ɪɫɣɜɮɭɥɣ ɺɥɣɰ ɨɠ ɧɛɝ ɡɩɟɠɨ ʀɢ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ Ȳɐ ɬɭ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɺ ɫɩɢɞɩɫɨɮɦɛ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɮ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ʀɢ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɬɮ ɬʀɟɨʀɰ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ Ɋɩɬɦɛɨɱʀ ɥɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɛɭɫʀɛɫɰɛ ɝʀɟɪɫɛɝ ɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɨɠɬɭɣ ɬɝʀɭɦɩ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɝʀɫɣ ɟɩ ɬɠɫɜʀɝ ɜɩɦɞɛɫ ʀ ɮ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɧɩɫɛɝɬɷɥɮ ɟɠɫ ɡɛɝɮ Ɋɫɩɪɩɝʀɟɨɣɥɣ Ʌɣɫɣɦɩ ʀ ɇɠɯɩɟʀɤ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɮ ɛɜɠɭɥɮ ɤ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɦɣ ȼʀɜɦʀɹ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ ɴɩ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɦɩ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɬɠ ɫɠɟ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ Ɍɛɧɠ ɭɩɟʀ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɝ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɩ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ Ȼɬɥɩɦɷɟ Ƚʀɟ ɟɫɮɞɩʁ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɣ Ȳɐ ɬɭ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɺ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɦɛ ɝ ɨɛɬɭɮɪ ʀ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɛ ɭɫɣɝɛɦʀ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɢɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɠɨɨɺ ɝɭɫɛɲɠɨɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɤ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɰ ɮɬɪʀɰʀɝ ɟɩɬɺɞ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ Ƚɛɬɣɦʀɤ ȲȲ ȼɩɦɞɛɫɩɜʀɤɱɺ ²

Ɋɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ Ƚɛɬɣɦʀɺ ȲȲ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɢɛ ɭɺɡɥɣɰ ɲɛɬʀɝ Ɉɛ ɢɠɧɦʀ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɪɩɲɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛɜʀɞɣ ɜɩɦɞɛɫ ɑɛɫ ȼɩɦɞɛɫʀʁ Ɍɛɧɮʁɦ ɬɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɧɣ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɢɛɥɩɦɩɭɛɧɣ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɪɫɩɭɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝ Ɍɰʀɟɨɮ ȼɩɦɞɛɫʀɹ ʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ Ɍɠɫɜʀʁ

² Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ

Ʌɩɦɣ ɢɛɥɩɦɩɭɨɣɥɣ ɫ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɨɛɬɭɮɪ ɨɛ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɝ ɬɺ ɪɩ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɮ ɟɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ʌɣʁɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɋɮɬʀ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɋɮɬɷɥɛ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɦɛ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɮ ɪɫɣɟɮɳɣɭɣ ɢɛɥɩɦɩɭ ȿɦɺ ɢɛ ɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɩɹɢɮ ɢ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɝʀɢɛɨ ɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɪɩɞɩɟɣɝɬɺ ɝɣɟɛɭɣ ɢɛ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɝɩɹ ɟɩɨɷɥɮ Ȼɨɨɮ ɢɛ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɴɩ Ƚɩ ɦɩɟɣɧɣɫ ɪɫɣɤɧɠ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɮ ɝʀɫɮ Ɋɫɣ ɟɮɳɣɝɳɣ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ Ƚɛɬɣɦʀɤ ȲȲ ɫɩɢɪɩ ɲɛɝ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɮ ɝʀɤɨɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ ȼɩɦɞɛɫʀʁ Ɇɣɳɠ ɫ ɝʀɨ ɟɩɧʀɞɬɺ ɝɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɣ ɨɛɟ ɜɩɦɞɛɫɛɧɣ ɤ ɫɩɢɞɫɩɧɣɝ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɱɛɫɺ Ɍɛɧɮʁɦɛ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɱɷɩɞɩ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɩɝʀ ɝɣ ɺɝɣɦɩɬɺ ɢɛɧɛɦɩ Ƚɛɬɣɦʀɤ ȲȲ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɝ ɛɥɭ ɨɠɜɛɲɠɨɩʁ ɡɩɫɬɭɩɥɩɬɭʀ ɢɛ ɴɩ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɝ Ƚɛɬɣɦʀɤ ȲȲ ȼɩɦɞɛɫɩɜʀɤɱɺ ɪɫʀɢɝɣɬɷɥɩ ȼɩɦɞɛɫɩɜʀɤɱɺ Ƚʀɨ ɨɛɥɛɢɛɝ ɝɣɥɩɦɩɭɣ ɩɲʀ ɭɣɬ ɪɩɦɩɨɠɨɣɧ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɝɳɣ ɨɛ ɥɩɡɨɮ ɬɩɭɨɹ ɪɩɝɩɟɣɫɺ ɢ ɩɟ ɨɣɧ ɩɥɩɧ Ʌɩɦɣ ɱɛɫ Ɍɛɧɮʁɦ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɝ ɛɫɧʀɹ ɬɦʀɪɣɰ ɴɩ ɪɫɣɤɳɦɛ ɟɩ ȼɩɦɞɛɫʀʁ ɝʀɨ ɨɠ ɝɣɭɫɣɧɛɝ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɩɝɣɴɛ ɤ ɪɩɧɠɫ ɝʀɟ ɡɛɰɮ Ƚɛɬɣɦʀɤ ȲȲ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɝ ɩɬɦɛɜɦɠɨɠ ȼɩɦɞɛɫɬɷɥɠ ɱɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɟɩ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɉɟɨɩɲɛɬɨɩ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɝʀɝ ɮɬɪʀɳɨʀ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɝ Ȼɢʀʁ ɭɛ ɂɛɥɛɝɥɛɢɢʀ ɪɦɛɨɮɝɛɝ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɣɭɣ ɝʀɟ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ Ɍɣɱɣɦʀɹ ɛɦɠ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɪʀɟɞɩɭɩɝɥɣ ɟɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɪɩɧɠɫ Ƚɛɬɣɦʀɤ ȲȲ ȼɩɦɞɛɫɩɜʀɤɱɺ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɮ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɹ ɨɛɤɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɳɩɹ ɟɠɫɡɛ ɝɩɹ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɛɦɠ ɤ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɣɝ ʁʁ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟ ɝɣɭɫɛɲɛɹɲɣ ɝɬʀ ɬɣɦɣ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɨɛ ɢɛɝɩ ɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɉɬɦɛɜɦɠɨɨɺ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɩɟɨʀɾɹ ɢ ɪɫɣɲɣɨ ʁʁ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɢ ɨɩɝɣɧɣ ɝɩɫɩɞɛɧɣ ³ ɭɮɫɥɛɧɣ ɬɠɦɷɟɡɮɥɛɧɣ X ɑɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ Ɇɚɤɟɞɨɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɿʀ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɨɡɤɜɿɬɨɦ ȼɿɡɚɧɬɿʀ" X Ɂɚ ɳɨ ɿɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ȼɚɫɢɥɿɣ ȱȱ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɜ ɫɜɨɽ ɩɪɿɡɜɢɫɶɤɨ" Ȼ ɭɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ« ² ɫɫ ³ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɫ ³ ɰɫɠɴɠɨɨɺ ɋɮɬʀ ɫ ³ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɠɨɨɺ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɛ ȿɠɬɺɭɣɨɨɩʁ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ² ɫɫ ³ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɇɮɟɫɩɞɩ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ

Ȳɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɋɩɧɛɨ ,9 ɤ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɫɣɱɺ Ȱɝɟɩɥʀɺ ɜɛɫɠɦɷɾɯ

ɍɮɫɥɣ ɬɠɦɷɟɡɮɥɣ ɨɛɦɠɡɛ ɦɣ ɟɩ ɭɹɫɥɬɷɥɣɰ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɟɛɝɨɺ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝɴɣɨɛ ɺɥɣɰ ɜɮɦɛ ɝ ɨɣɢɩɝɣɨʀ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ɍɣɫɟɛɫ·ʁ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ Ȼɫɛɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɂɝʀɟɬɣ ɩɟɨɠ ɢ ɭɹɫɥɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɢ ɝɩɡ ɟɠɧ Ɍɠɦɷɟɡɮɥɩɧ ɪɠɫɠɥɩɲɮɝɛɦɩ ɨɛ ɢɛɰʀɟ Ɋɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɭɮɫɥɣ ɬɠɦɷɟɡɮ ɥɣ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɦɣ ʀɨɳʀ ɭɹɫɥɬɷɥʀ ɤ ɭɮ ɫɠɱɷɥʀ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛ ɭɛ ɢɛ ɪʀɝɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɣ ɜʀɦɷɳɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ Ɋɠɫɠ ɟɨɷɩʁ Ȼɢʀʁ Ȳɫɛɥ Ȳɫɛɨ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɹ Ȼɢʀɹ Ɉɛɝʀɭɷ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɷ Ȼɫɛɜ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭɮ ɜɛʊɟɛɟɬɷɥɣɤ ɰɛ ɦʀɯ ɜɮɝ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɭɣɬɺ ɭɮɫɥɛɧ ʀ ɝɣɢɨɛɭɣ ʁɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɝɩɡɟɺ ɍɩɫɞɮɦ ɜɠɥɛ ɬɮɦɭɛɨɩɧ ʀ ©ɱɛɫɠɧ Ɍɰɩɟɮ ʀ ɂɛɰɩɟɮª ɢɛɦɣɳɣɝɳɣ ɢɛ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɦɣɳɠ ɭɣɭɮɦ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɩɞɩ ɞɩ ɦɩɝɣ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨ Ƚʀɟ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɠɨɣɰ ʀɫɛɨɱʀɝ ɭɮɫɥɣ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɦɣ ʀɬɦɛɧ ɭɛ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɨɩɝɮ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɧɮɬɮɦɷ ɧɛɨɬɷɥɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ³ Ɍɠɦɷɟɡɮɱɷ ɥɣɤ ɬɮɦɭɛɨɛɭ

Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɺ ʀ ɭɮɫɥɣ ɬɠɦɷɟɡɮɥɣ ɀɪɩɰɛ Ʌɩɧɨʀɨʀɝ ȼɠɢɪɠɫɠɫɝɨʀ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɴɩ ɝɠɦɛ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɺ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;, ɬɭ ɝɣɬɨɛɡɣɦɣ ʁʁ Ȳɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɴɠ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɛɬɺ ɬɣɦɷɨɩɹ ɤ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɷɩɹ ɛɦɠ ɺɥ ɮɭɩɧɦɠɨɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɛ ɝʀɟɪɩ ɲɣɨɥɮ Ɋʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɝʀɤɨ ɮ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɧɩ ɞɮɭɨɺ ɢɨɛɭɷ ɺɥɮ ɨɛɟɣɰɛɦɣ ɢɟɩɜɮɭʀ ɪɠɫɠ ɧɩɞɣ Ƚɩɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɨɛ ɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɧɩɡɠ ɮɪɫɛɝɦɺɭɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɹ ɥɫɛɴɠ ɢɛ ʀɧ ɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ Ɏ ɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɫɩɢɞɩɫɨɮɦɛɬɺ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢɛ ɭɫɩɨ Ɋɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ² ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɰ ɫɫ ;, ɬɭ ɨɛ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦʀ ɪɩɜɮɝɛ ɦɣ ɟɠɬɺɭɷ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫʀɝ ɳʀɬɭɷ ʀɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɧʀɴɠɨɩ ɬɣɦɩɹ Ɋɩɥɣ ɝɠɦɛɬɺ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢɛ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɛɫɧʀɺ ɬɦɛɜɳɛɦɛ ɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɩɪɣɨɣɦɛɬɺ ɝ ɩɭɩɲɠɨɨʀ ɝɩɫɩɞʀɝ Ɉɛ ȼɛɦɥɛ ɨɣ ɢ Ɋɫɣɲɩɫɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɭɠɪʀɝ ɝɭɩɫɞɦɣɬɺ ɩɫɟɣ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞʀɝ ʀ ɜɩɦɞɛɫ Ƚʀɥʀɨɞɣ ɨɩɫɧɛ ɨɣ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɣ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤ ɱʀɝ ɝ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɨɛɤɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɲɨʀɳɣɧɣ ɝɩɫɩɞɛɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɭɮɫɥɣ ɬɠɦɷɟɡɮɥɣ ɺɥʀ ɨɛ ɬɭɮɪɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟɨʀ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɣ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɋɩɧɛɨ ,9 ɢɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɜɮɝ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɭɣ ɝ ɫ ɬɪɫɛɝɡɨɹ ɝʀɤɨɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɭɮɫɥʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɬɪɮ ɬɭɩɳɮɝɛɦɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ƚʀɤɨɛ ɭɩɲɣɦɛ ɬɺ ɢ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɨɨɣɧ ɮɬɪʀɰɩɧ Ɉɛɝɠɬɨʀ ɫ ɜʀɦɺ ɝʀɫɧɠɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɇɛɨɱɣɥɠɫɭɛ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɛɫɧʀɺ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɛ ɱʀɦɥɩɝɣɭɩʁ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ Ȳɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ʀ ɝɬʀ ɝɩɾɨɛɲɛɦɷɨɣɥɣ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɦɣ ɝ ɪɩɦɩɨ Ɍɮɦɭɛɨ Ȼɦɷɪ Ȼɫ ɬɦɛɨ ©ɐɩɫɩɜɫɣɤ Ɇɠɝª ɝʀɟɪɮɬɭɣɝ ʀɧɪɠɫɛ ɭɩɫɛ ɦɣɳɠ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɞɩɟɣ ɝɣɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɠɦɷɟɡɮɥɛɧ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɮ ɟɛɨɣɨɮ ɂɝʀɬɭɥɛ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɮ ɪʀɟ ɇɛɨɱɣɥɠɫɭɩɧ ɪɫɣɞɩɦɩɧɳɣɦɛ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀɝ ³ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɡɠ ɨɣɤ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɮɭɫɛɭɣɝ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɛ ɟɩɞɩɝʀɫ ʀɢ ɬɠɦɷɟɡɮɥɛɧɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɫɩɢʀɫɝɛɨɩ

² Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ

ɍɮɫɥɣ ɨɠ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɝɳɣ ɩɜʀɱɺɨɩɞɩ ɫɮɳɣ ɦɣ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɝ ɇɛɦʀɤ Ȼɢʀʁ Ɉɛ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɠɨɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɝɩɨɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ɋɮɧɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɮɦɭɛɨɛɭ ɛɜɩ ɋɮɧ ɋɣɧ ³ ɭɛɥ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥɣ ɨɛɢɣ ɝɛɦɣ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɹ ɍɠɪɠɫ ɢʀ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɝɩɨɣ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɟɣɝɣɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɛɦɛɱɣ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨ ɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ ɴɩ ɫɩɢɥɣɨɮɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɫɩɭɣɦɠɡɨɩ ɧɮ ɜɩɱʀ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ ɂɛɞɫɩɢɛ ɨɠɧɣɨɮɲɩʁ ɢɛɞɣɜɠɦʀ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɝɣɥɦɣɥɛɦɛ ɨɩɝɮ ɰɝɣɦɹ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɢɛ ʀɧɪɠ ɫɛɭɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ Ɉɛɫɠɳɭʀ ɮ ɫ ɟɩ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɪɫɣɤɳɩɝ ɟɩɬɝʀɟɲɠɨɣɤ ɝɩɾɨɛ ȼɣɭɝɛ ɪɫɣ ɇɛɨɱɣɥɠɫɭʀ ɲɛɦɷɨɣɥ ɉɦɠɥɬʀɤ Ʌɩɧɨʀɨ ɺɥɣɤ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɝ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ

ɨɩɝɮ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀɹ Ʌɩɧɨʀɨʀɝ ² ɫɫ

ɺɥɛ ɨɛ ɱʀɦɠ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɦɛ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɥɩɦɣɳɨɹ ɬɦɛɝɮ ɤ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɬɭɷ Ʌɩɦɣ ɉɦɠɥɬʀɤ Ȳ Ʌɩɧɨʀɨ ² ɟɩɬɭɮ ɪɣɝɬɺ ɟɩ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɭɩ ɝ ɬɭɩɦɣɱʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɦɣɳɠ ɝɩʁɨʀɝ Ɍɪɣɫɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɫɣɜʀɲɨɣɥʀɝ ɝʀɨ ɪɫɣɟɮɳɣɝ ɜɮɨɭʀɝɨɮ ɥɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɮ ɢɨɛɭɷ ɥɩɨɯʀɬɥɮ ɝɛɝ ʁʁ ɧɛɤɨɩ ʀ ɨɛɜɫɛɝ ɨɛɤɧɛɨɮ ɛɫɧʀɹ Ȳɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɩ ɝʀ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɟɩɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɮɪɠɫɳɠ ɮ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥʀɤ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɭɣɬɺ ɪɩ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɮ ɟɩ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝ Ɍɪɣɫɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɨɩɝɮ ɛɫɧʀɹ ɉɦɠɥɬʀɤ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝ ɝʀɤɨɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɝɩɫɩɞʀɝ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ɍɪɠɫɳɮ ɝʀɨ ɪɫɩɞɨɛɝ ɉɦɠɥɬʀɤ Ȳ Ʌɩɧɨʀɨ ɝʀɟ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɥɩɫɟɩɨʀɝ ɭɮɫɥʀɝ ɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɫɮɳɣɝ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ

ɨɩɫɧɛɨʀɝ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɲɩɭɣɫɣɫʀɲɨɩʁ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɝ ɫ ɉɦɠɥ ɬʀɤ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɞ ɨɩɫɧɛɨʀɝ ʀ ɪɫɣɧɮɬɣɝ ʁɰ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɭɣ ȼɛɦɥɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫʀɝ ɂɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩ ɞɩɹ ɟɣɪɦɩɧɛɭʀʁ ɝʀɨ ɮɪɩɫɛɝɬɺ ʀɢ ɢɛɞɫɩɢɩɹ ɢ ɜɩɥɮ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞʀɝ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɴɠɟɫɣɧ ɟɛɫɛɧ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɬɩɹɢɨɣɥɛɧɣ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɥʀɝ ³ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɺɥɣɰ ʀ ɫɩɢɜɣɝ ɪɠɲɠɨʀɞʀɝ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɱɣɰ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞ ɮ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥʀɤ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɨɛɬɭɛɝ ɬɪɩɥʀɤ Ʌɩɦɣ ɫ ɟɩ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ ɪɫɣɜɮɦɣ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɢɛɞɩɨɣ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɫɣ ɱɛɫʀɝ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ɭɩ ʁɰɨɷɩʁ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɣ ɉɦɠɥɬʀɤ Ȳ Ʌɩɧɨʀɨ ɮɡɠ ɨɠ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɮɝɛɝ ɂɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɬɣɨɛ ɉɦɠɥɬʀɺ Ȳɩɛɨɨɛ Ȳ Ʌɩɧɨʀɨɛ ² ɫɫ Ƚʀɢɛɨ ɭʀɺ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɛ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢʀ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɣɧ ɥɩɨɥɮɫɠɨɭɩɧ ³ Ƚɠɨɠɱʀɾɹ ɂɛ ɨɛ ɥɛɢɩɧ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɝɬʀɰ ɝɠɨɠɱʀɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɮɪɱʀɝ ɜɮɦɩ ɥɣɨɮɭɩ ɟɩ ɝ·ɺɢɨɣɱɷ ʀ ɝʀɟʀɜɫɛɨɩ ɭɩɫɞɩɝʀ ɪɫɣɝʀɦɠʁ ɇɛɜɮɭɷ ɨʀɰɭɩ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀɝ ɭɩɟʀ ɨɠ ɧʀɞ ɮɺɝɣɭɣ ɟɩ ɺɥɣɰ ɨɛ ɬɦʀɟɥʀɝ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɟɠ ɱɺ ɪɩɟʀɺ ɝ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɧɮ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ

Ɋɩɥɣ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɝɠɦɛ ɨɛɪɩɦɠɞɦɣɝɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɪɩɫɺɟ ʀɢ ʁʁ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɛɧɣ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɪɩɬɣɦɣɝɬɺ ɋɮɧɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɮɦɭɛɨɛɭ Ɏ ɫ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɇɛɨɮʁɦ Ȳ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝ ɞɫɛɨɟʀɩɢɨɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɭɮɫɥʀɝ ɩɟɨɛɥ ɮ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɜʀɦɺ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɇʀɫʀɩɨɥɠɯɛɦɛ ɜɮɝ ɮɴɠɨɭ ɨɣɧɣ ɫɩɢɞɫɩɧɦɠɨɣɤ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɺ ɝɭɫɛɭɣɦɛ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɩɦɩ ɟʀɨɨɺ ɝ ɇɛɦʀɤ Ȼɢʀʁ ɉɬɭɛɨɨɾ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ ɬɦɛɝɣ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɧɣɨɮ ɦɩ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɨɛ ɝɬʀɰ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɛɰ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɦɛ ɟɩ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɣ X Ɂɚɜɞɹɤɢ ɱɨɦɭ Ɉɥɟɤɫɿɸ ȱ Ʉɨɦɧɿɧɭ ɜɞɚɥɨɫɹ ɜɿɞɪɨɞɢɬɢ ɜɟɥɢɱ ȼɿɡɚɧɬɿʀ"

ɇɛɨɮʁɦ Ʌɩɧɨʀɨ ɧɩɢɛʁɥɛ

Ȼ ɭɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ«

² ɫɫ ³ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ

Ʌɛɭɛɬɭɫɩɯɛ ɫ Ɋɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɇɛɨɮʁɦɛ Ȳ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɺ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɦɛ ɂɨɩɝɮ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɛɬɺ ɡɩɫɬɭɩɥɛ ɤ ɥɫɣɝɛɝɛ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢɛ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɮ ɺɥʀɤ ɮɞɫɮɪɩɝɛɨɨɺ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɨɛɧɛ ɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɜɣɝɬɭɝɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɪʀɟɬɭɮɪɩɧ ɪɫɩɥɦɛɬɭɣ ɳɦɺɰ ɟɩ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦɮ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɣɥɛɧ ɉɬɭɛɨɨʀɤ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ʀɢ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ Ʌɩɧɨʀɨʀɝ Ȼɨɟɫɩɨʀɥ Ȳ ² ɫɫ ɢɛ ɥɫɣɝɛɝɣɝ ɬɝɩʁ ɫɮɥɣ ɝɜɣɝɬɭɝɩɧ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨɣɥɛ ɲɩɭɣɫ ɨɛɟɱɺɭɣɫʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɉɦɠɥɬʀɺ ȲȲ ² ɫɫ ɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɝ ɮ ɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɬɪɫɛɝɡɨʀɤ ɭɠɫɩɫ ɭɛ ɜɮɝ ɮɜɣɭɣɤ ɫɩɢɦɹɲɠɨɣɧ ɨɛɭɩɝɪɩɧ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɝ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦʀ Ɉɩ ɝɣɧ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɩɧ ɬɭɛɝ Ȳɬɛɛɥ Ȼɨɞɠɦ ² ɫɫ

Ȼɦɠ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀɺ ©ɢɠɧɨɣɰ ɛɨɞɠɦʀɝª ɝɣɺɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɨʀɥɲɠɧɨɩɹ Ȳɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɫɩɢɪɛɟɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɩɲɛɰ Ɏɞɩɫɱʀ ɩɝɩɦɩɟʀɦɣ ȿɛɦɧɛɱʀɾɹ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɣ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɝɭɩɫɞɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ȼɛɦɥɛɨɣ Ȳɬɛɛɥ Ȼɨɞɠɦ ɜɩɦɞɛɫɣ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɣɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀɝ ʀ ɝʀɟɫɩɟɣ ɦɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɬɠɫɜɣ ɢɟɩɜɮɦɣ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ Ȼɦɠ Ȳɬɛɛɥ Ȼɨɞɠɦ ɢɛɧʀɬɭɷ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩɜ ɪʀɥɦɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ɝɣɭɫɛɲɛɝ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɥɩɳɭɣ ɨɛ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɝɠɦɣɲɨɣɰ ɬɪɩɫɮɟ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭʀ ɝɣɭɫɛɭɣ Ɍɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɝ ɳɣɬɷ ɨɠɝɟɩɝɩɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ɜɫɛɭ ɩɬɦʀɪɣɝ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɤ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝ ɭɫɩɨ ɬɭɛɝɳɣ ɉɦɠɥɬʀɾɧ ȲȲȲ ² ɫɫ Ȼɦɠ ɬɣɨ Ȳɬɛɛɥɛ ɢɧʀɞ ɮɭɠɥɭɣ ɟɩ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ ɟɠ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɝɬɺ ɟɩ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ ɴɩ ɞɩɭɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɲɠɭɝɠɫɭɩɞɩ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ʀɢ ɪɫɩɰɛɨɨɺɧ ɟɩ ɪɩɧɩɞɭɣ ɤɩɧɮ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɭɣ ɭɫɩɨ ɜɛɭɷɥɛ ɩɜʀɱɺɹɲɣ ɢɛ ɱɠ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɭɣ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɮ ɱɠɫɥɝɮ ɪɛɪʀ ɤ ɢɛɪɦɛɭɣɭɣ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɮ ɬɮɧɮ ɞɫɩɳɠɤ Ɏɪɠɫɳɠ ɢɛ ɝɠɬɷ ɲɛɬ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ©ɧʀɬɭɩ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɛª ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɠɨɠ ɝɩɫɩɞɩɧ ɭɣɬ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ɩɝɩɦɩɟʀɦɣ ɧʀ ɬɭɩɧ ʀɢ ɪʀɝɧʀɦɷɤɩɨɨɣɧ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺɧ ʀ ɪɩɞɫɛɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ

39

² Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ

ɂɠɧɦʀ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɠɨʀ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱɺɧɣ ɨɛɢɝɛɦɣ Ɇɛɭɣɨɬɷɥɩɹ ɋɩɧɛɨʀɾɹ ɋɩɧɛɨʀɾɹ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɝ ɂɛɰʀɟɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɹ ʀ ɪɩɟʀɦɣɦɣ ɨɛ Ɇɛɭɣɨɬɷɥɮ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɹ ɛɜɩ ɝɦɛɬɨɠ ɋɩɧɛɨʀɹ ɢʀ ɬɭɩɦɣɱɠɹ ɝ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦʀ ɭɛ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀ ɝʀɟ ɨɠʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ɨɛ ȼɛɦɥɛɨɛɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ Ƚɠɨɠɱʀʁ ʉɠɨɮʁ ɭɛ ɩɫɟɠɨɮ ʀɩɛɨɨʀɭʀɝ ɭɫɛɝɨɺ ɫ ɝ ɬɩɜɩɫʀ Ɍɝɺɭɩʁ Ɍɩɯʀʁ ɥɩɫɩɨɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɋɩɧɛɨʀʁ ɩɟɣɨ ʀɢ ɝɩɡɟʀɝ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ɯɦɛɨɟɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɞɫɛɯ ȼɩɦɟɮʁɨ Ɉɛ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɦɛɭɣɨɺɨɣ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɦɣ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɫɺɟɥɣ Ƚɢɺɭɭɺ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱɺɧɣ ɢɛ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɧ ɢɫɛɢɥɩɧ Ȳɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɜɮɝ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ɬɠɫɠɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫʀɝ Ɋɩ ɝɬʀɤ ɋɩɧɛɨʀʁ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɢɛɧɥɣ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɝɭɫɛɭɣɦɣ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɮ ɬɝɩɜɩɟɮ Ɉɩɝɣɧ ɥɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɧ ɪɛɭɫʀɛɫɰɩɧ ɬɭɛɝ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɥ Ɋɩɝɨɩʁ ɢɛɧʀɨɣ ɝɬɷɩɞɩ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɛ ɭɛ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɣɰ ɩɜɫɺɟʀɝ ɢɛ

1 2

3 ɑɣɯɫɛɧɣ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭʀ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɩ Ʌɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɏɠɬɬɛɦɩɨʀɥɛ

Ⱦɠɫɱɩɞɬɭɝɩ Ȼɯʀɨɣ

Ⱦɠɫɱɩɞɬɭɝɩ Ȼɰɛɤɛ ɋɩɢɪɛɟ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ

ɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɧ ɢɫɛɢɥɩɧ ɦɛɭɣɨɺɨɣ ɨɠ ɨɛɝɛɡɣɦɣɬɺ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɹɲɣ ɴɩ ɱɠ ɝɣɥɦɣɲɠ ɩɪʀɫ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀɝ X əɤɢɦ ɛɭɜ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɧɹ ɯɪɟɫɬɨɧɨɫɰɹɦɢ Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɩɨɥɹ"

Ƚʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɢɛɞɣɜɠɦɷ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ Ɇɛɭɣɨɺɨɣ ɨɠ ɢɧɩɞɦɣ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɭɣ ɝɬʀ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɪɫɩɝʀɨɱʀʁ ³ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɲɣ ɨɣɦɣ ɝʀɟɲɛɤɟɮɳɨɣɤ ɩɪʀɫ Ɏ ɨɠɪʀɟɥɩɫɠɨɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɣ ɭɫɣ ɞɫɠɱɷɥʀ ɟɠɫɡɛ ɝɣ ɴɩ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɱɺɧɣ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ³ Ɉʀɥɠɤɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɀɪʀɫɬɷɥɠ ɱɛɫ ɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɍɫɛɪɠɢɮɨɟɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɑʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɫɩɢɞɩɫɨɮɦɣ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢɛ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɛɦɠ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɭɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɬɣɦɣ ɨɠ ɢɧɩɞɦɣ ɬɪɠɫɠɲɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɰɭɩ ɜɮɟɠ ɨɩɝɣɧ ʀɧ ɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɩɧ Ɋɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɪɫɩɝʀɟɨɛ ɫɩɦɷ ɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɦɛɭɣɨɺɨ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɦɛ ɟɩ Ɉʀɥɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ɉɩɝɣɧ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɩɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɜɫɛɨɩ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɛ ɢɨɛɭɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɟɮ ɏɠɩɟɩɫɛ Ɇɛɬɥɛɫʀɬɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɩɲɛɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢɛ ɝʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɏɠɩɟɩɫ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɝ ɧʀɱɨɮ ɛɫɧʀɹ ʀɢ ɺɥɩɹ ɫɩɢɜɣɝ ɭɮɫɥʀɝ ɬɠɦɷɟɡɮɥʀɝ ʀ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɯɦɩɭ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɲɛɝ ɪɩɝɠɫɭɛɭɣ ɝɭɫɛɲɠɨʀ ɧɩɫɬɷɥʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ƚɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɮɬɪʀɰʀɝ ɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɢɛ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ Ƚʀ ɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɟɩɬɺɞ ɨʀɥɠɤɬɷɥɣɤ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ Ȳɩɛɨɨ ȲȲȲ Ɇɛɬɥɛ ɫʀɬ ² ɫɫ ɒɠɫɠɢ ɟɝɛ ɫɩɥɣ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ Ȳɩɛɨɨ ȲȲȲ ɫɩɢɜɣɝ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬ ɱʀɝ Ɋɩɭʀɧ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɮɝɛɝ ɪʀɟ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɥɩɦɣɳɨʀɰ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɂɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɛ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭɮ ɺɥɣɤ ɨɛɞɛɟɮɝɛɝ ʁʁ ɡɣɭɠɦɺɧ ɟɛɝɨʀ ɲɛɬɣ ɋɩɢɝɣɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɛ ȿɦɺ ɬɪɫɣɺɨɨɺ ɫɩɢ ɝɣɭɥɮ ɫɠɧɠɬɠɦ Ȳɩɛɨɨ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɣɝ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɪʀɟɟɛɨɣɧ ɨɩɬɣ ɭɣ ɩɟɺɞ ɢ ʀɨɩɢɠɧɨɣɰ ɭɥɛɨɣɨ ʀ ɨɛɥɛɢɛɝ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ Ȳɩɛɨɨ ȲȲȲ Ɇɛɬɥɛɫʀɬ ɦɣɳɠ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɩ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɛɧɣ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɮ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɹ ɜɮɦɩ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɦɠɨɩ ɢɛ ɨʀɥɠɤ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɇɣɰɛʁɦɛ 9,,, Ɋɛɦɠɩɦɩɞɛ ² ɫɫ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɨɣɥɛ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɷɩʁ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤ ɬɷɥɣɰ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫʀɝ Ɇɛɭɣɨɺɨɣ ɨɛ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀɝ ɜɛ ɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɝʀɟɲɮɭɨɣɰ ɮɟɛɫʀɝ ɛɦɠ ɴɠ ɮɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ Ʌɩɨ ɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷ ɔɩɜ ɩɝɩɦɩɟʀɭɣ ɧʀɬɭɩɧ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɇɣ ɰɛʁɦ 9,,, ɨɛɥɛɢɛɝ ɪɩɬɭɛɝɣɭɣ ɮ ɯɩɫɭɠɱɺɰ ɪɩɫɺɟ ʀɢ ɧʀɬɭɩɧ ɞɛɫɨʀɢɩɨɣ ɺɥʀ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɝɣɦɛɢɥɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɦɛɭɣɨɺɨ ɉɟɨɩɞɩ ɫɛɢɮ ɢɛɞʀɨ ɨʀɥɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀɧɪɠ ɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɴɩ ɫɮɰɛɝɬɺ ɪɩɝɢ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɝ ɮ ɲɠɫɞɩɝɣɤ ɫɛɢ ɨɛɦɺɥɛɭɣ ɦɛɭɣɨɺɨ Ɍɭɛɦɩɬɺ ɭɛɥ ɴɩ ɝɬʀ ɬɣɦɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ɜɮɦɣ ɝ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪɩɰɩɟʀ ɪɫɩ ɇɣɰɛʁɦ 9,,, Ɋɛɦɠɩɦɩɞ

² Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ

ɭɣ ɨʀɥɠɤɱʀɝ ʀ ɝ ɧʀɬɭʀ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɝɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ʀɢ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɢɛɞɩɨɩɧ Ɉʀɥɠɤɱʀ ɦɠɞɥɩ ɩɝɩɦɩɟʀɦɣ ɬɭʀɨɛɧɣ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɦɣ ɝɩɫɩɭɛ ɧʀɬɭɛ ʀ ɝɪɮɬɭɣɦɣ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɍɛɥ ɨɠɬɪɩɟʀ ɝɛɨɩ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɣ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷ Ʌɩɦɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɦɣɬɺ ɭɩ ɬɪɫɩɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɟʀɬɭɛɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɛɦɠ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɣ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ɤ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɧɮɳɠɨʀ ɨɛ ɥɩɫɛɜɦɺɰ ɪɩɝɠɫɭɛɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɍɛɥ Ɇɛɭɣɨɬɷɥɛ ɋɩɧɛɨʀɺ ɪɫɣɪɣɨɣɦɛ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɪɨɺ ɫ ɇɣɰɛɤɦɩ 9,,, Ɋɛɦɠɩɦɩɞ ɬɭɛɝ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɩɧ ɝʀɟɨɩɝ ɦɠɨɩʁ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫʀɝ ɪɩɳɣɫɹɝɛ ɦɛɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ȼɛɦɥɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ɇɛɦɩʁ Ȼɢʀʁ ɭɛ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɝ ɀɞɠɤɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɧɩɫʀ Ƚʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨʀɤ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɪɩɲɛɦɛ ɢɛɞɫɩɡɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɩɝɛ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɥɛ ³ ɭɮɫɥɣ ɩɬɧɛ ɨɣ ʀɢ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɝɩɨɛ ɝɪɩɫɛɭɣɬɺ ɨɠ ɢɧɩɞɦɛ ɭɫɛɝɨɺ ɫ ɭɣɬɺɲɩɦʀɭɨɺ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɝɪɛɦɛ ȿɠɺɥʀ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɣ ɞɩɝɩɫɺɭɷ ɪɫɩ ɱɹ ɟɛɭɮ ɺɥ ɪɫɩ ɥʀɨɠɱɷ ɠɪɩɰɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ X Ɂɚ ɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɿɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɛɭɥɚ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ȼɿɡɚɧɬɿɣɫɶɤɚ ɿɦɩɟɪɿɹ" X Ʉɨɥɢ ɡɚɝɢɧɭɥɚ ȼɿɡɚɧɬɿɣɫɶɤɚ ɿɦɩɟɪɿɹ" Ȼ ɭɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ« ɫ ³ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ² ɫɫ ³ ɡɣɭɭɺ ȿɛɨɣɦɛ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɫ ³ ɝɢɺɭɭɺ ɧɩɨɞɩɦɛɧɣ Ʌɣɾɝɛ

Ɋɩɜɮɭ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀɝ ɂɛɨɠɪɛɟ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɂɛɰɩɟʀ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɨɠ ɭɩɫɥ ɨɮɝɬɺ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ɂɣɭɭɺ ɝʀɢɛɨ ɭʀɤɱʀɝ ɝ ɠɪɩɰɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɦɩ ɬɺ ɨɛ ɥɳɭɛɦɭ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɫɣɧɦɺɨ ȼɮɟɣɨɥɣ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀɝ ɜɮɦɣ ɩɜɬɭɛɝɦɠɨʀ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɩ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɣɜɮɭɥʀɝ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɺ ɫʀɢɨɩ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɧɛɨʀɭɨɣɧɣ ɧɠɜɦɺɧɣ Ɋɫɩɬɭʀ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɬɣɟʀɦɣ ɨɛ ɬɭʀɦɷɱɺɰ ɢɛ ɬɭɩɦɛɧɣ ɛ ɝʀɟɪɩɲɣ ɝɛɦɣ ɮ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɰ ɥɫʀɬɦɛɰ ³ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɤ ɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɮɡɣɝɛɭɣ ʁɡɮ ɦɠɡɛɲɣ ɢɨɣɥ ɉɟɺɞ ɰɩ ɝɛɦɣ ɮ ɬɥɫɣɨʀ Ɏ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɛɰ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɧɠɜɦʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɠɨʀ ɫʀɢɷɜɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɩɢɟɩɜɦɠɨʀ ɥɩɳɭɩɝɨɣɧ ɥɛɧʀɨɨɺɧ ʀ ɬɦɩɨɩɝɩɹ ɥʀɬɭɥɩɹ Ɇʀɡɥɛ ɤ ɪʀɟɦɩɞɣ ɝɥɫɣɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɥɣɦɣɧɛ ɧɣ ʀ ɢɝʀɫɣɨɣɧɣ ɳɥɮɫɛɧɣ Ɏ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɜɮɟɣɨɥʀɝ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɛɬɥɦɠɨʀ ɝʀɥɨɛ ɝɩɨɣ ɩɪɛɦɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɡɛɫɩɝɨɺɧɣ ɢ ɝɮɞʀɦɦɺɧ ɤ ɩɬɝʀɭɦɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɧɛɬɦɺɨɣɧɣ ɬɝʀɭɣɦɷɨɣɥɛɧɣ ȼʀɟɨɺɥɣ ɭɮɦɣɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɮɜɩɞɣɰ ɥɩɧʀɫɥɛɰ ɟɠ ɢ ɧɠɜɦʀɝ ɧʀɞ ɜɮɭɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɩɟɣɨ ɨɛɪɰɛɨɣɤ ɩɲɠɫɠɭɩɧ ɧɛɭɫɛɱ ȳɦɣ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɟɝʀɲʀ ɨɛ ɟɠɨɷ Ɏ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɛɰ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɝɦɛɳɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɠɦɣ ɥʀ ɜɠɨɥɠɭɣ ɟɠ ɞɩɬɭɠɤ ɪɫɣɞɩɴɛɦɣ ɫʀɟɥʀɬɨɣɧɣ ɬɭɫɛɝɛɧɣ ȿɦɺ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɣɰ ɝʀ ɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀɝ ɢɝɣɲɨɩɹ ʁɡɠɹ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɛɫɠɨɛ ɫɣɜɛ ɜɩɜɣ ɰɦʀɜ ɬɣɫ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ ɩɝɩɲʀ ɭɛ ɯɫɮɥɭɣ Ɏ ɪɩɳɛɨʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɣɨɩɞɫɛɟɨʀ ɭɛ ɯɫɮɥɭɩɝʀ ɝɣɨɛ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɝɭɛɧɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɬɪɫɛɞɮ ɢɛɪɣɝɛɦɣ ʁɡɮ ɦʀɥɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɨɠɟɮɞ ɨɛɬɭɩɺɝɳɣ ʁɰ ɨɛ ɭɫɛɝɛɰ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ

ɂɛ ɩɟɺɞɩɧ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱɺ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɣɭɣ ɟɩ ɺɥɩʁ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɩʁ ɝɠɫɬɭɝɣ ɝʀɨ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɂɨɛɭɷ ɨɩɬɣ ɦɛ ɩɟɺɞ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɣɤ ʀɢ ɦɦɺɨɣɰ ɝɩɝɨɺɨɣɰ ɳɩɝɥɩ ɝɣɰ ɭɥɛɨɣɨ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɠɨɣɤ ɩɫɨɛɧɠɨɭɩɧ Ɉɛ ɜɠɨɥɠɭɣ ɢɝɠɫɰɮ ɩɟɺɞɛɦɣ ɟɩɝɞɣɤ ɪɦɛɴ ³ ɰɦɛɧɣɟɮ ɂɝɣɲɨɣɧ ɩɟɺɞɩɧ ɪɫɩɬɭɣɰ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀɝ ɜɮɝ ɰʀɭɩɨ ³ ɬɩɫɩɲɥɛ ɢ ɞɫɮɜɩʁ ɭɥɛɨɣɨɣ ɳɭɛɨɣ ɲɩɜʀɭɥɣ ʀ ɥɩɫɩɭɥɣɤ ɪɦɛɴ Ɂʀɨɥɣ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɜɛɞɛɭʀʁɝ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɥɩɬɧɠɭɣɥɩɹ ɯɛɫɜɩɹ ɟɦɺ ɝʀɤ ʀ ɪɩɝʀɥ ɫɮɧ·ɺɨɛɧɣ ɜʀ ɦɣɦɛɧɣ ɂɛɧɩɡɨʀ ɡʀɨɥɣ ɤ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥɣ ɨɩɬɣɦɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɹɝɠɦʀɫɨɣɰ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɬ ɥɛɜɦɮɲɩɥ ɜɫɛɬɦɠɭʀɝ ɢɛɬɭʀɜɩɥ Ɂʀɨɩɲɣɤ ɰʀɭɩɨ ɨɛ ɪɦɛɴɛɰ ɭɩɴɩ ɮ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ Ȼɨɭɣɲɨʀ ɫɣɧɦɺɨɣ ɪɫɣɟʀɦɺɦɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɮɝɛɞɣ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɬɷɥɣɧ ɬɪɫɛɝɛɧ ɛ ɟɦɺ ɬɠ ɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɰ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀɝ ɱɠɨɭɫɩɧ ʁɰ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɬʀɧ·ɺ Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɝ ɪɩɜɮɭʀ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀɝ ɪɩɬʀɟɛɦɛ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ Ɏɬʀ ɨɛɤ ɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳʀ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɢ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɩɜɫɺɟɛɧɣ ³ ɰɫɠ ɴɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɨɲɛɨɨɺ ɪɩɰɩɫɩɨ Ɏ ɥɩɡɨɩɧɮ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɮ ɜɮɦɣ ʀɥɩɨɣ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɐɫɣɬɭɛ ɫɩɢʀɪ·ɺɭɩɞɩ ɨɛ ɰɫɠɬɭʀ Ɏ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ɜɮɦɩ ɜɛɞɛ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɬʀɧ·ɺ ɩɜʀɟɛɾ ɭɩ ɰɫɛɧʀɝ Ʌʀɦɷɥɛ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɨɛ ɟɠɨɷ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ

ɱʀ ɧɩɦɣɦɣɬɺ ɫɛɨɥɩɝɛ ɤ ɝɠɲʀɫɨɺ ɧɩɦɣɭɝɛ ɜɮɦɣ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɩɝɣɧɣ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɪɩɥɦɩɨɺɦɣɬɺ ȼɩɞɩɫɩɟɣɱʀ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ʁʁ ɢɛɰɣɬɨɣ ɱɠɹ ɞɫʀɳɨɣɥʀɝ ɜɦɣɡɲɩɹ ɟɩ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɨʀɡ ɐɫɣɬɭɩɬ

Ʌɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɂɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɩɝʀɥɩɝɣɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɬɝɩɞɩ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɺ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɦɛ ɪɩɭɮɡɨɮ ʀ ɬɝɩ ɾɫʀɟɨɮ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɮ ɴɩ ɝɝʀɜɫɛɦɛ ɝ ɬɠɜɠ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɫɣɧɬɷɥʀ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀʁ Ɍɝɩɾɹ ɲɠɫɞɩɹ ɝɩɨɛ ɬɪɫɛɝɣɦɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀɰ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɪʀɝɟɠɨ ɨɣɰ ɭɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ Ƚʀɟ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɤ ɟɩ ɥʀɨɱɺ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ɟɮɡɠ ɪɩ ɝɛɡɛɦɩ ɤ ɱʀɨɮɝɛɦɩ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ Ɍɦɛɝɨɩɢɝʀɬɨɣɤ ɝɣɬɦʀɝ ©Ɏɲɠɨɩɧɮ ³ ɬɝʀɭ ɛ ɨɠɝɲɠɨɩ ɧɮ ³ ɭɷɧɛª ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɧɣɬɦɣɭɠɦɠɝʀ Ȳɩɛɨɨɮ ȿɛɧɛɬɥʀɨɮ Ɏɧʀɨɨɺ ɲɣɭɛɭɣ ɤ ɫɛɰɮɝɛɭɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɠɦɷɧɣ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɠ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ Ɋɩɭɺɞ ɟɩ ɢɟɩɜɮɭɭɺ ɢɨɛɨɷ ɬɭɣɧɮɦɹɝɛɦɛ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɛ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ɩɬɝʀɲɠɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɺɰ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɣɰ ɮɫɺɟɩɝɱʀɝ ɉɬɝʀɲɠɨɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɮ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɧɛɦɛ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɩɜʀɤɨɺɭɣ ɝɣɬɩɥɮ ɪɩɬɛɟɮ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɝɛɦɩ ɳɦɺɰ ɟɩ ɝɦɛ ɟɣ ɤ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɛ

² Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ

Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɺ ɨɛɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɪɠɫɠɝɠɫɳɮɝɛɦɛ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝ ɫɩɪɣ ɢɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹ ɩɬɝʀɲɠɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɠɨʀɤ ɧɠɫɠɡʀ ɳɥʀɦ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɣ ɺɥ ɜɠɢɥɩɳɭɩɝɨɣɧɣ ³ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨʀ ɧɩ ɨɛɬɭɣɫɬɷɥʀ ɧʀɬɷɥʀ ɟɠ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɨɛɝɲɛɭɣɬɺ ɟʀɭɣ ɜʀɟɨɺɥʀɝ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɪɦɛɭɨɣɧɣ ³ ɪɫɣɝɛɭɨʀ ɟɦɺ ɟʀɭɠɤ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɓɥɩ ɦɛ ɧɛɦɛ ɟɝɛ ɬɭɮɪɠɨʀ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɩɝɣɤ ʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɤ Ɏ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɩɝʀɤ ɳɥɩɦʀ ɝɣɝɲɛɦɣ ɭɫɣ ɞɩɦɩɝɨʀ ɱɣɥɦɣ ɨɛɮɥ ³ ©ɭɫɣɝʀɮɧª ɞɫɛ ɧɛɭɣɥɮ ɟʀɛɦɠɥɭɣɥɮ ɭɛ ɫɣɭɩɫɣɥɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨʀɤ ɬɭɮɪʀɨɷ ɪɠɫɠɟɜɛ ɲɛɝ ©ɥɝɛɟɫʀɮɧª ɟɩ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɝɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɞɩɦɩɝɨʀ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭɣ ɛɫɣɯɧɠɭɣɥɛ ɞɠɩɧɠɭɫʀɺ ɛɬɭɫɩɨɩɧʀɺ ɭɛ ɧɮɢɣɥɛ ɉɥɫʀɧ ɱɣɰ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɰ ɨɛɮɥ ɮ ɫʀɢ Ȳɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨ ȼɛ ɨɣɰ ɳɥɩɦɛɰ ɟɩɟɛɭɥɩɝɩ ɝɣɝɲɛɦɣɬɺ ɠɭɣɥɛ ɞɫɺɨɩɫɩɟɨɣɤ ² ɝɣ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɛ ɯʀɦɩɬɩɯɬɷɥʀ ɨɛɮɥɣ Ɏ ɫʀɳɣɝ ɢʀɜɫɛɭɣ ɝɬʀ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɨɛɥɩɪɣ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ,; ɬɭ ɪɫɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɲɠɨʀ ɦɹɟɬɭɝɩɧ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɟɝɩɫʀ ɝ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦʀ ɜɮɦɩ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ɍɩɭɨʀ ɝɲɠɨɣɰ ɢɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɩ ɝɣɴɮ ɳɥɩɦɮ Ɏ ɨʀɤ ɝɣɥɦɛɟɛɦɣ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɧ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɱɹ ɞɫɛɨɟʀɩɢɨɮ ɪɫɛɱɹ Ƚɩɨɣ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɦɣ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɥɫʀɧ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɰ ʀ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥʀ ɨɛɮɥɣ ɧʀɯɩ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɣɰ ©ɠɨɱɣɥɦɩɪɠɟʀɤª ɭɛ ɩɥ ɦɩɞʀɹ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɮ Ɏ ɫ ɝ ɫɠɧɣɰ ɭɫɛɥɭɛɭʀɝ ɢ ɛɬɭɫɩɨɩɧʀʁ ɧɠ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦʀ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɝɬɺ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɟɣɱɣɨɣ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɝʀɤ ɢɛɥɦɛɟ ɺɥɣɤ ɢɛ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɫʀɝɨɠɧ ɨɛɜɦɣɡɛɝɬɺ ɬɷɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɛ ɟɣɪɦɩɧɛɭʀʁ ɭɛ ɟɩ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭʀɝ ɴɩ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɣ ɨɛɜɛɞɛɭɩ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɨɛɮɥ Ɍɛɧ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɝ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɝ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɭɝɩɫʀɝ ɟɩ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɢʀ Ƚɠɦɣɥʀ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɫɩɜɦɠɨʀ ɝʀ ɜɫɛɨɨɺ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɣɰ ɢɨɛɨɷ ɦɹɟɬɭɝɛ ɢɛɨɭʀɤɱɺɧɣ ɝ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɣɰ ɢɨɛɨɷ ȿɩ ɨɛɳɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɛɱʀ Ɏɲɠɨɣɤ Ɇɠɝ ɇɛɭɠɧɛɭɣɥ ɩɟɣɨ ʀɢ ɩɬɨɩɝɩ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ©Ɋɫɩ ɯɠɧɣª ©Ɋɫɩ ɥɠ ɪɩɦɩɡɨɣɥʀɝ ɛɦɞɠɜɫɣ ɝʀɨ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ɪɩɲɛɝ ɫʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɾɹª ʀ ©Ɋɫɩ ɱɠɫɠ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɦʀɭɠɫɨʀ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ

ɧɩɨʀʁ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɟɝɩɫɮª ɝɣɨɛɤɳɩɝ ɮ ,; ɬɭ ɬɝʀɭɦɩɝɣɤ ɭɠɦɠɞɫɛɯ ɟɦɺ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɲʀ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɠɨɷ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɬɭɛɨʀ ɂɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɝɣɨɛɰɩɟɮ ɝ ɬɭɩɦɣɱʀ ɟʀɢɨɛɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɝɭɩɫɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɛɰ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ƚʀɨ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɫɩɢ ɫɩɜɣɝ ɛɝɭɩɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɪɫɣɬɭɫɩʁ ɴɩ ɪɫɣɝɩ ɟɣɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɟʀɹ ɝɩɟɩɹ ɂɛ ʁɰɨɷɩɹ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɭɫɩɨ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɜɠɨɥɠɭʀɝ ɫɛɪɭɩɝɩ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɛɝɬɺ ɝɞɩɫɮ ɉɟɨɩɲɛɬɨɩ ɬɭɛɭɮʁ ɦɠɝʀɝ ɴɩ ɩɭɩɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɭɫɩɨ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɦɣ ɫɣɲɛɭɣ ɤ ɜɣɭɣ ɰɝɩɬɭɛɧɣ ɛ ɧɠɭɛɦɠɝʀ ɪɭɛɰɣ ³ ɦʀɭɛ Ƚɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɤ ɝɣɞɦɺɟ ɬɩɜɩɫɮ Ɍɝ Ɍɩɯʀʁ ɝ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦʀ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɤ ɝɣɞɦɺɟ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ

ɭɣ ɤ ɴɠɜɠɭɛɭɣ ɑɺ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɛ ©ɝɣɬɭɛɝɛª ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɬɪɫɛɝɦɺɦɛ ɪɫɣɞɩɦɩɧɳɦɣɝɠ ɝɫɛ ɡɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ʀɨɩɢɠɧɱʀɝ f əɤɿ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ ɚɪɯɿɬɟɤɬɭɪɢ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɭ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɿ ɜ ɨɡɞɨɛɥɟɧɧɿ ɯɪɚɦɭ"

ȿɛɫɣ ɝɩɦɰɝʀɝ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɯɫɠɬɥɛ

Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɺ ɧɛɦɛ ɨɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɝɣɬɩ ɥɣɤ ɟɦɺ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɫʀɝɠɨɷ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɜɮ ɟʀɝɠɦɷɨɩʁ ɭɠɰɨʀɥɣ Ƚɣ ɝɡɠ ɢɨɛɾɭɠ ɪɫɩ ɰɫɛɧ Ɍɝɺɭɩʁ Ɍɩɯʀʁ ɝ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦʀ ɪɩɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɮ 9, ɬɭ ɢɛ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɧ ʀɧɪɠɫɛ ɭɩɫɛ əɬɭɣɨʀɛɨɛ Ȳ Ɍɪɩɫɮɟɣɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɩ ɢɛ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɟɩɬɥɩɨɛɦɩɞɩ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨ ɨɺ ɜɮɟʀɝɠɦɷɨɩɹ ɬɪɫɛɝɩɹ ɮɧʀɨɨɺɧ ɝɣɞɩ ɭɩɝɦɺɭɣ ɧʀɱɨɮ ɱɠɞɦɮ ɺɥʀɬɨɣɤ ɝɛɪɨɺɨɣɤ ɫɩɢɲɣɨ ɮɥɦɛɟɛɭɣ ɱɠɞɦɮ ɬɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɭɣ ɧɩ ɨɮɧɠɨɭɛɦɷɨʀ ɜɛɨʀ ɭɛ ʀɨ

Ɍɭɫʀɭɠɨɨɺ ɯɫɠɬɥɛ

ɛɪɩɬɭɩɦʀɝ ɯɫɠɬɥɛ

ɇɩɢɛʁɥɣ ɝ ɰɫɛɧʀ Ɍɝ Ɍɩɯʀʁ ɐɫɣɬɭɩɬ Ɋɛɨɭɩɥɫɛɭɩɫ ʀ ȼɩɡɛ ɇɛɭʀɫ ɉɫɛɨɭɛ

² Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ

Ɂɚɤɪɿɩɢɦɨ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ 1. Ɂɚ ɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɿɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ȼɿɡɚɧɬɿɹ ɞɨɫɹɝɥɚ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɢ ɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹ" 2. ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɜɨɪɨɝɿɜ ȼɿɡɚɧɬɿɣɫɶɤɨʀ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ ɡɚ ɱɚɫ ʀʀ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ 3. ɉɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɿɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɜɞɚɥɨɫɹ ɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩ ɚɪɚɛɿɜ" 4. ɍ ɹɤɿ ɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɹ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɚɫɹ ɫɥɨɜ¶ɹɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɛɚɥɤɚɧɫɶɤɢɯ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɶ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ" 5. Ʉɨɥɢ ɭ ȼɿɡɚɧɬɿɣɫɶɤɿɣ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ ɫɩɚɥɚɯɧɭɥɚ ɛɨɪɨɬɶɛɚ ɦɿɠ ɩɪɢɯɢɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɿ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɲɚɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɿɤɨɧ" 6. ɑɨɦɭ ɜ ɛɨɪɨɬɶɛɿ ȼɿɡɚɧɬɿʀ ɡ ɫɟɥɶɞɠɭɤɚɦɢ ɠɨɞɧɚ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɬɚɤ ɿ ɧɟ ɞɨɫɹɝɥɚ ɜɢɪɿɲɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɟɪɟɦɨɝɢ" 7. ɑɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɿʀ Ʉɨɦɧɿɧɿɜ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɤɢ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɥɢ ©ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɦ ɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɹɦ ɫɥɚɜɢª ȼɿɡɚɧɬɿʀ" 8. Ʉɨɥɢ Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɩɨɥɶ ɛɭɜ ɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɯɪɟɫɬɨɧɨɫɰɹɦɢ" 9. əɤɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɭ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɥɢ Ʌɚɬɢɧɫɶɤɨɸ Ɋɨɦɚɧɿɽɸ" ɑɢ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɜɚɠɚɬɢ Ʌɚɬɢɧɫɶɤɭ Ɋɨɦɚɧɿɸ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ȼɿɡɚɧɬɿɣɫɶɤɨʀ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ" 10. əɤɢɦɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɢɦɢ ɡɞɨɛɭɬɤɚɦɢ ɜɿɡɚɧɬɿɣɫɶɤɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɡɛɚɝɚɬɢɥɚ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɭ" 11. ɋɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɣ ɥɚɧɰɸɠɨɤ ɤɥɸɱɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɞɿɣ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ ȼɿɡɚɧɬɿʀ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ʀʀ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ 12. ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ȼɿɡɚɧɬɿɣɫɶɤɨʀ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ 13. ɍ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɪɨɰɿ ȼɿɡɚɧɬɿɣɫɶɤɚ ɿɦɩɟɪɿɹ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɢɥɚ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ" ɏɬɨ ɫɬɚɜ ʀʀ ɡɚɜɨɣɨɜɧɢɤɨɦ" 14. ɑɢ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɚɞɿɧɧɹ ȼɿɡɚɧɬɿɣɫɶɤɨʀ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɢɦ ɹɜɢɳɟɦ"

§ 5. Àðàáñüêèé õàë³ôàò Ȼɫɛɝʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫʀɝ ɭɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ȼʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɩɞɩ Ȼɫɛɝʀɤ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ ɪɦɩɴɛ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɟɩɫʀɝɨɹɾ ɲɝɠɫɭʀ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ³ ɱɠ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ ɤ ɬɭɠɪɣ Ȼɫɛ ɝʀɺ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɢɛ ɪɫɣ ɫɩɟɨɣɧɣ ɮɧɩɝɛɧɣ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɠɤ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩ ɧɮ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɨɮɝɬɺ Ȱɧɠɨ ʀɢ ɫɩɟɹɲɣɧɣ ɢɠɧɦɺɧɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɩɹ ɭɫɩɪʀɲ ɨɩɹ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɨʀɬɭɹ Ɉɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ ɢɟɛɝɨɛ ɢɛɤɧɛɦɩɬɺ ɫʀɦɷɨɣɱɭɝɩɧ ʀ ɬɛɟʀɝɨɣ Ȼɫɛɝʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫʀɝ ɱɭɝɩɧ Ɍɠɫɠɟɣɨɛ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ ³ Ɉɠɟɡɟ ³ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɠ ɪɩɬɮɳɦɣɝɠ ɪɦɩɬɥɩɞʀɫ·ɺ ɟɠ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɥɩɲɩɝɠ ɬɥɩɭɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɋʀɲɩɥ ɭɮɭ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɦɣɳɠ ɬɮɰʀ ɫɮɬɦɛ ɴɩ ʀɨɥɩɦɣ ɢɛ ɪɩɝɨɹɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɩɴɩɝɣɧɣ ɪɩɭɩɥɛɧɣ Ɂɣɭ ɭɾɟɛɤɨɮ ɝɩɟɮ ɦɹɟɺɧ ɟɛɹɭɷ ɝɣɥɦɹɲɨɩ ɥɫɣɨɣɱʀ ȿɩɝɞɛ ɬɧɮɞɛ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ɒɠɫɝɩɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ³ ɐʀɟɡɛɢ ³ ɪɫɣɟɛɭɨɛ ɰʀɜɛ ɴɩ ɟɦɺ ɫʀɦɷɨɣɱɭɝɛ ɝ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɩɛɢɛɰ ȼɠɢɧɠɡɨʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫɣ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɨɛ ɩɥɩɦɣɱɺɰ ɪɦɩɬɥɩ ɞʀɫ·ɺ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɨɠɢɛɬɠɦɠɨɣɧɣ ȼɠɟɮʁɨɣ Ɋɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɮɧɩɝɣ Ȼɫɛɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪʀɝɩɬ ɭɫɩɝɛ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɣɦɣ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɛɫɛ ɜʀɝ ɜɮɦɣ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɥɛɧɣ ³ ɜɠɟɮʁɨɛɧɣ ©ɧɠɳɥɛɨɱɺɧɣ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀª ɺɥʀ ɫɩɢɝɩɟɣɦɣ ɥʀɢ ɩɝɠɱɷ ʀ ɝɠɫɜɦɹɟʀɝ Ɂɣɭɭɺ ɜɠɟɮʁɨɛ ɨɠɧɩɡɦɣɝɩ ɮɺɝɣɭɣ ɜɠɢ ɝɠɫɜɦɹɟɛ ɑɺ ɭɝɛɫɣ ɨɛ ³ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɣɤ ɬɮɪɮɭɨɣɥ ʀ ɢɛɬʀɜ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɰ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ȼɠɟɮʁɨɣ ɡɣɦɣ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɫɩɟɣ ɤ ɬʀɧ·ʁ Ɏ ɨɣɰ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɢɨɛɭɷ ³ ɳɠɤɰɣ ʀ ɬɛʁɟɣ ɺɥʀ ɧɛɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɩɭɛɫɣ ɫɛɜʀɝ ɭɛ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɜʀɦɷɳɮ ɲɛɬɭɥɮ ɢɟɩɜɣɲʀ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɝʀɤɨ Ɏɬʀ ɲɦɠɨɣ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɪɦɠɧɠɨʀ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɣɬɺ ɫɩɟɣɲɛɧɣ ȼʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɪɩɥɦɩɨɺɦɣɬɺ ɫʀɢɨɣɧ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɣɧ ɜɩɞɛɧ ɾɟɣɨɩʁ ɫɠɦʀɞʀʁ ɝ ɨɣɰ ɨɠ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɩ Ɉɛɤɳɛɨɩɝɛɨʀɳɣɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɜɩɞ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɭɛ ɫɩɟɹɲɩɬɭʀ Ȼɬɭɛɫ ɜɩɞɣɨɺ ɧʀɬɺɱɺ Ɍʀɨ ɜɩ ɞɣɨɺ ɧɛɭɣ Ɇɛɭ Ɏɩɬɩɜɦɠɨɨɺɧɣ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɜɩɞʀɝ ɛɫɛɜɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɣ ɫɮɥɩɭɝɩɫɨɣɰ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɣɰ ʀɟɩɦʀɝ ʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨʀ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨʀ ɬɭɩɝɪɣ ɍɫɛɪɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɤ ɨɠɲɣɬɦɠɨɨʀ ɪɫɣɰɣɦɷɨɣɥɣ ʀɮɟɛʁɢ ɧɮ ɭɛ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɒɠɫɠɢ ɐʀɟɡɛɢ ɮɢɟɩɝɡ ɒɠɫɝɩɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɪɫɩɦɺɞɛɝ ɬɭɛɫɩɝɣɨɨɣɤ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɣɤ ɳɦɺɰ ʀɢ Ɍɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɩɫ·ɺ ɟɩ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɭɛ Ȳɨɟʀʁ ɨɛ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɭɩɫɞɩ

Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɤ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭ

ɝɠɦɷɨʀ ɱɠɨɭɫɣ ɺɥʀ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɭɛ ³ ɇɠɥɥɛ ɚɭɫɣɜ ɭɛ ʀɨ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɦɛ ɇɠɥɥɛ ɴɩ ɝɣɨɣɥ ɦɛ ɝ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɢɮɪɣɨɥɣ ɥɛɫɛɝɛɨʀɝ ȳʁ ɧɠɳɥɛɨɱʀ ɡɣɦɣ ɮ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɧɮɫɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɛɰ ɔɩɝɠɬɨɣ ɝ Ȼɫɛɝʀʁ ɨɛ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɧʀ ɬɺɱʀ ɪɫɣɪɣɨɺɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɫɩɢɜʀɤɨɣɱɷɥʀ ɨɛ ɪɛɟɣ ʀ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɹɝɛɝɬɺ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɧɣɫ Ɏ ɱɠɤ ɲɛɬ ɮɬʀ ɛɫɛɜɣ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɝʀɟɝʀɟɛɭɣ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɠ ɬɝɺɭɣɦɣɴɠ ɇɠɥɥɣ ³ Ʌɛɛɜɮ ɮ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɟʀ Ʌɛɛɜɛ ɝ ɇɠɱɱʀ ɢ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɩʁ ³ ©Ʌɮɜª ɮ ɬɭʀɨɮ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɧɮɫɩɝɛɨɩ ɲɩɫɨɣɤ ɧɠɭɠɩɫɣɭ Ɏ ɱɠɤ ɡɠ ɲɛɬ ɮ ɧʀɬɭʀ ɝɦɛɳɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ ɢɧɛ ɞɛɨɨɺ ɤ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɺɫɧɛɫɩɥ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ 9, ɬɭ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ɩɰɩɪɣɦɛ ɥɫɣɢɛ Ʌʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɪʀɝɩɬ ɭɫɩɝɛ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɣɦɛɬɺ ɜɫɛɥɮɝɛɦɩ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɍɩɫ ɞʀɝɦɺ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɦɛ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɨɛɪɛɟɣ ʀɫɛɨɱʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɦɣ ɴɩɜ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨʀ ɳɦɺɰɣ ɪɫɩɰɩ ɟɣɦɣ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺɧ Ɋɠɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ ʀ ɢɜɛɞɛ ɲɮɝɛɦɣ ʁɰɨɹ ɥɫɛʁɨɮ Ɋɩɞʀɫɳɠɨɨɺ ɮɧɩɝ Ȼɫɛɜɣ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɪʀɟɳɭɩɝɰɮɝɛɦɩ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɟɩ ɟɮɧɥɣ ɪɫɩ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨʀɬɭɷ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɴɩɜ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɝɠɬɭɣ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢɛ ɥɫɛɴɠ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɛɦɠ ɨɛ ɢɛɝɛɟʀ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɬɭɩɺɦɣ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨʀ ɝʀɫɮɝɛɨɨɺ X Ⱦɟ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɚ ɛɚɬɶɤɿɜɳɢɧɚ ɚɪɚɛɿɜ" X əɤɢɦɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɭ" Ɋɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɹɤɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɶ ɜɨɧɢ ɫɩɪɢɹɥɢ"

Ƚɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ʀɬɦɛɧɮ ɭɛ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɉɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɹ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɛ ɪɩɺɝɛ ɨɩɝɩʁ ɫɠɦʀɞʀʁ ³ ʀɬɦɛɧɮ ɮ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɟʀ ɢ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɩʁ ³ ©ɪɩɥʀɫɨʀɬɭɷª

Ɇɹɟɠɤ ɺɥʀ ɬɪɩɝʀɟɮɹɭɷ ʀɬɦɛɧ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɧɮɬɮɦɷ ɧɛɨɛɧɣ ɂɛɬɨɩɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɱʀɾʁ ɫɠɦʀɞʀʁ ɬɭɛɝ ɇɮɰɛɧɧɠɟ ² ɑɠ ʀɧ·ɺ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ ©ɨɛɭɰɨɠɨɨɣɤª ©ɪɫɩɫɩɥª Ɏ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɇɛɞɩɧɠɭɩɧ

Ɇɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɢɧ ² ɥɸɞɢɧɚ ɹɤɚ ɫɩɨɜɿɞɭɽ ɿɫɥɚɦ

ɇɮɰɛɧɧɠɟ ɬɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɝɛɝ ɴɩ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɨɩɝɩʁ ɝʀɫɣ ɤɩɧɮ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɝ Ȼɦɦɛɰ Ɏɲɨʀ ɤ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨɣ

Ɋɫɩɫɩɥ ɇɮɰɛɧɧɠɟ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɛ ɞɫɛɝɹɫɛ ɐȲɐ ɬɭ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ

ɇɠɳɥɛɨɠɱɷ ɇɠɥɥɣ ɇɮɰɛɧ ɧɠɟ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɝ ɟɩ ɜʀɟɨɩʁ ɫɩ ɟɣɨɣ Ɏ ɳʀɬɭɷ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɝʀɨ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɝ ɬɺ ɬɣɫɩɭɩɹ ʀ ɬɭɛɝ ɪɛɬɭɮɰɩɧ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɇɮɰɛɧɧɠɟ ɮɦɛɳɭɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɝɠɬɭɣ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨʀ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɩʁ ɝɟɩɝɣ ɐɛɟʀɟɡɣ ɤ ɪɩɲɛɝ ɧɛɨɟɫɮɝɛ ɭɣ ɢ ɥɮɪɠɱɷɥɣɧɣ ɥɛɫɛɝɛɨɛɧɣ Ɉɠ ɢɛɜɛɫɩɧ ɝʀɨ ɩɟɫɮɡɣɝɬɺ ɢʀ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɣɨɠɹ ʀ ɫɩɢɜɛɞɛɭʀɝ ɒɠɫɠɢ ɟɠɺɥɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɇɮɰɛɧɧɠɟ ɬɭɛɝ ɥɛɢɛ ɭɣ ɴɩ ɲɮɾ ɞɩɦɩɬ ɜɩɞɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɨɛɥɛ ɢɮɾ ɤɩɧɮ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɭɣ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦɹ ʀ ɪɫɩɪɩɝʀɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɩɝɮ ɫɠɦʀɞʀɹ ɇɮ ɰɛɧɧɠɟ ɬɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɝɛɝ ɴɩ ɝʀɨ ³ ɢɨɛɫɺɟɟɺ ɜɩɡɠ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɥ ɪɫɩɫɩ ɥʀɝ Ȼɝɫɛɛɧɛ ɇɩɤɬɠɺ ɭɛ Ȳɬɮɬɛ ȼɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɫ ɝʀɨ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɝʀɟɮɝɛɭɣ ʀɬɦɛɧ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɨɠ ɝɬʀɧ ɡɣɭɠɦɺɧ ɇɠɥɥɣ ɬɪɩɟɩɜɛɦɣɬɺ ɢɛ ɥɦɣɥɣ ɇɮɰɛɧɧɠɟɛ ɝʀɟɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩɾ ɧɛɤɨɩ ɜʀɟɨɣɧ ʀ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɺɭɣ ɫɛɜʀɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɝʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɪɠɫɠɜɫɛ ɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɚɭɫɣɜɛ ³ ɬɮɪɠɫɨɣ ɥɛ ɇɠɥɥɣ ɚɭɫɣɜ ɡɣɭɠɦʀ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɝ ɫ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɦɣ ɇɮɰɛɧɧɠɟɛ ɪɩ ɲɛɦɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɭɣ ɇɠɟɣɨɩɹ ³ ɧʀ ɬɭɩɧ ɪɫɩɫɩɥɛ Ƚʀɟɭɩɟʀ ʀɢ ɫɩɥɮ ɐʀɟɡɫɣ ɺɥ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɮ ɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɣ ɝɠɟɠɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɟɦʀɥ ɲɛɬɮ ɝ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ Ɏɲɠɨɨɺ ɇɮɰɛɧɧɠɟɛ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɪɩɳɣɫɹɝɛɦɩ ɬɺ ʀ ɫ ɝʀɨ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɡɱɠɧ ɪɩɝɠɫ ɨɮɝɬɺ ɟɩ ɇɠɥɥɣ Ɏ ɫ ɇɮɰɛɧ ɧɠɟ ɪɩɧɠɫ Ʉɩɞɩ ɧɩɞɣɦɛ ɝ ɇɠɟɣɨʀ ɺɥ ʀ Ʌɛɛɜɛ ɾ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɩɹ ɬɝɺɭɣ ɨɠɹ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨ ɂɛ ɫɠɦʀɞʀɤɨɩɹ ɦɠ ɞɠɨɟɩɹ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɪɫɩɫɩɥ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɢʀ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɥɩɨɠɧ ɢɨʀɬɬɺ ɨɛ ɨɠɜɩ

ɏɫɛɞɧɠɨɭ ɬɮɫɣ Ʌɩɫɛɨɮ

ɥɣ ɢɛɪɣɬɮɝɛɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɛ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɇɮɰɛɧɧɠɟɛ ɝɬʀ ɱʀ ɢɛɪɣɬɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɢʀɜɫɛɨɩ ɝ ɩɟɨɮ ɥɨɣɞɮ ³ Ʌɩɫɛɨ ɮ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɟʀ ɢ ɛɫɛɜ ɬɷɥɩʁ ³ ©ɲɣɭɛɨɨɺª

ɉɬɨɩɝɨɩɹ ɫɠɦʀɞʀɤɨɩɹ ɝɣɧɩɞɩɹ ɇɮɰɛɧ ɧɠɟɛ ɟɩ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɜɮɦɛ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɛ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɥɦɩɨʀɨ ɨɺ ɫʀɢɨɣɧ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɣɧ ɜɩɞɛɧ ʀ ɝɣɢɨɛɨɨɺ ʀɬ ɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɾɟɣɨɩɞɩ ɜɩɞɛ ³ Ȼɦɦɛɰɛ ©Ɉɠɧɛɾ ɜɩɞɛ ɥɫʀɧ Ȼɦɦɛɰɛ ʀ ɇɮɰɛɧɧɠɟ ³ ɪɫɩɫɩɥ ɤɩɞɩª ³ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɛ ɫɠɦʀɞʀɤɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɮɦɛ ʀɬɦɛ ɧɮ Ƚɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ʀɬɦɛɧ ʀɮɟɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɭɛ ɰɫɣɬɭɣ ɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɫɠɦʀɞʀɤ ɝɣɺɝɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɮ ɝɣɢɨɛɨɨʀ ɇɩɤɬɠɺ ɭɛ Ȳɬɮɬɛ ɪɫɩɫɩɥɛɧɣ ɤ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨɣ ɥɛɧɣ ɇɮɰɛɧɧɠɟɛ Ɍɝɺɴɠɨɨɠ ɧʀɬɭɩ ʀɮɟɠʁɝ ʀ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ ³ Ȱɫɮɬɛɦɣɧ ³ ɝɣɢɨɛɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɤ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɛɧɣ ȿɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩɜ ɜɮɭɣ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɣɨɩɧ ɪɩ ɭɫʀɜɨɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɢɨɛɭɣ ɭɛ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɪ·ɺɭɷ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɰ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɷ Ƚʀɫɣɭɣ ɝ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɾɟɣɨɩɞɩ ɜɩɞɛ ³ Ȼɦɦɛɰɛ Ɋ·ɺɭɷ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɨɛ ɟɠɨɷ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɩɝɮ ɧɩɦɣɭɝɮ ɋɛɢ ɨɛ ɫʀɥ ɟɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɩ ɝɩɞɩ ɪɩɬɭɮ ³ ɫɛɧɛɢɛɨɮ ³ ɝʀɟ ɬɝʀɭɛɨ ɥɮ ɟɩ ɢɛɰɩɟɮ ɬɩɨɱɺ Ƚɣɭɫɛɲɛɭɣ ɪ·ɺɭɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɪɫɣɜɮɭɥɮ ɨɛ ɧɣɦɩɬɭɣɨɹ ɴɩɜ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɣɭɣɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɞɫʀɰʀɝ

Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɤ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭ

ɐɩɲɛ ɜ ɫɛɢ ɢɛ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɭɣ ɪɛɦɩɧɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɝʀɟɝʀɟɛɨɨɺ ɬɝɺɭɣɰ ɧʀɬɱɷ ɟɩ ɇɠɥɥɣ ɤ ɇɠɟɣɨɣ ɇɮɰɛɧɧɠɟ ɝɣɥɦɛɝ ʀ ©ɢɛɪɩɝʀɭ ɬɝɺɴɠɨ ɨɩʁ ɝʀɤɨɣª Ƚʀɨ ɝɣɫʀɢɨɣɝ ʀɮɟɠʁɝ ʀ ɰɫɣɬɭɣ ɺɨ ɺɥ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɥɩɭɫʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɹɭɷ ɪɣɬɛɨɨɺɧ Ɍɝɺɭɣɧ Ɋɣɬɷɧɩɧ ʀɢ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɝɠɬɭɣ ɳɦɺɰɠɭɨʀ ɬɮɪɠɫɠɲɥɣ ɛ ɺɢɣɲɨɣɥʀɝ ɢɛɥɦɣ ɥɛɝ ɢɨɣɴɮɝɛɭɣ Ɉɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɪɫɩɪɩɝʀɟɨɣɱɭɝɛ ɇɮ ɰɛɧɧɠɟ ɢɛɬɮɟɡɮɝɛɝ ɜɛɞɛɭʀʁɝ ɛɦɠ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɣɝɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɱɷɩɞɩ Ɏ Ʌɩɫɛɨʀ ɢɛɢɨɛɲɠɨɩ ɴɩ ɨɠɫʀɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɛ ɜɩɞɩɧ ʀ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɣɨ ɨɠ ɪɩɝɣɨɠɨ ɢɛɢɟɫɣ ɭɣ ɭɩɧɮ ɰɭɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɳɣɤ ɢɛ ɨɷɩɞɩ

Ɇɨɜɨɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

Ʌɩɫɛɨ

ɏɚɞɢɫɢ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɣ ɧɚɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ

ɩɪɨɪɨɤɚ Ɇɭɯɚɦɦɟɞɚ Ɍɨɣ ɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɥɢɬɜɚ ɧɟ ɫɬɪɢɦɭɽ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɝɚɧɢɯ ɫɩɪɚɜ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɜɿɞɿɣɲɨɜ ɜɿɞ ɛɨɝɚ ɉɟɺɞ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɩɥ Ɂɚɞɨɜɨɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ ɦɚɥɨɝɨ ² ɧɟɜɢɱɟɪɩɧɟ ɛɚɝɚɬɫɬɜɨ Ɋɚɣ ² ɩɿɞ ɫɬɨɩɚɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɜ ɋɨɪɨɦ ² ɨɞ ɜɿɪɢ ɋɭɯɿɫɬɶ ɨɱɟɣ ² ɨɡɧɚɤɚ ɠɨɪɫɬɨɤɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɰɹ ɇɚɣɤɪɚɳɿ ɡ ɜɚɫ ɬɿ ɯɬɨ ɡɚɤɥɢɤɚɽ ɞɨ ɛɥɚɝɚ ȼɟɥɢɤɚ ɰɟ ɡɪɚɞɚ ɹɤɳɨ ɬɢ ɧɿɱɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɫɤɚɡɚɜ ɛɪɚɬɭ ɿ ɬɨɣ ɩɨɜɿɪɢɜɲɢ

ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɜ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɟ ɬɨɛɨɸ ɚ ɬɢ ɡɛɪɟɯɚɜ ɣɨɦɭ Ⱥɛɢ ɫɬɚɬɢ ɛɪɟɯɭɧɨɦ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɸɜɚɬɢ ɜɫɟ ɬɟ ɳɨ ɩɨɱɭɜ Ⱥɛɢ ɫɬɚɬɢ ɧɟɜɿɝɥɚɫɨɦ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ ɤɚɡɚɬɢ ɜɫɟ ɳɨ ɡɧɚɽɲ ɉɪɢɹɡɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɨ ɥɸɞɟɣ ² ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɚ ɪɨɡɭɦɭ Ⱦɨɛɪɟ ɫɩɢɬɚɬɢ ² ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɚ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɒɭɤɚɣ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɜɿɬɶ ɭ Ʉɢɬɚʀ ɩɪɚɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɡɧɚɧɶ ² ɨɛɨɜ¶ɹɡɨɤ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɢɧɚ ɣ ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɤɢ ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɿ ɭɱɟɧɶ ² ɞɪɭɡɿ ɜ ɞɨɛɪɿɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɿ Ʉɨɠɟɧ ɯɬɨ ɡɚɝɢɧɭɜ ɡɚɯɢɳɚɸɱɢ ɫɜɨɽ ɦɚɣɧɨ ² ɫɜɹɬɢɣ ɦɭɱɟɧɢɤ Ɇɚɣɧɨ ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɢɧɚ ² ɤɪɨɜ ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɢɧɚ Ȼɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ² ɩɨɪɿɝ ɡɧɟɜɿɪɢ ɚ ɡɚɡɞɪɿɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɟ ɡɦɿɧɢɬɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ əɤɟ ɜɚɲɟ ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɧɚɫɬɚɧɨɜ Ɇɭɯɚɦɦɟɞɚ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɯɢɥɶɧɢɤɚɦ" ɑɢ ɦɿɫɬɹɬɶ ɧɚɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɩɪɨɪɨɤɚ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɥɸɞɫɶɤɿ ɿɞɟɚɥɢ ɹɤɢɯ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɥɸɞɢ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ʀɯɧɿɯ ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɧɶ" Ⱦɨɜɟɞɿɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɭɦɤɭ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ

Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɝɣɞɨɛɨɨɺ ɢ ɇɠɥɥɣ ɇɮɰɛɧɧɠɟ ɪɩɲɛɝ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɭɣ ɢɛ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɝɬʀɰ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɮ ɾɟɣɨɮ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɮ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨ ɇʀɡ ɇɠɟɣɨɩɹ ʀ ɇɠɥɥɩɹ ɫɩɢɞɩɫɨɮɦɛɬɺ ɝʀɤɨɛ ȼʀɦɷ ɳʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɩɬɭɣɰ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɫɩɫɩɥɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɢɨɛɭɷ ɜɮɦɛ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɛ ɪʀɟɥɩ ɫɣɭɣɬɺ ɇɮɰɛɧɧɠɟɮ ʀ ɝɪɮɬɭɣɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ɏ ɫ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩɫɩɥɛ ɟɩ ɇɠɥɥɣ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɝɣɢɨɛɦɣ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɇɮɰɛɧɧɠɟɛ ʀ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɦɣ ʀɬɦɛɧ ɍɛɥ ɪʀɟ ɪɫɛɪɩɫɩɧ ʀɬɦɛɧɮ ɇɮɰɛɧɧɠɟ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɝ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥʀ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛ Ɉɛ ɲɛɬ ɬɧɠɫ Ɋɫɣʁɰɛɝɳɣ ɟɩ ɇɠɥɥɣ ɇɮ ɭʀ ɇɮɰɛɧɧɠɟɛ ɪʀɟ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛ ɰɛɧɧɠɟ ɪɩɪɫɺɧɮɝɛɝ ɟɩ ɞɩ ɦɛ ɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɴɩ ɨɛɬɠɦɺɦɣ ɦɩɝɨɩɞɩ ɬɝɺɭɣɦɣɴɛ ³ Ʌɛɛɜɣ Ȼɫɛɝʀɹ ɉɜ·ʁɰɛɝɳɣ ʁʁ ɨɛ ɥɩɨʀ ɬʀɧ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɝʀɨ f ɏɬɨ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɿɫɥɚɦɭ ɿ ɟɩɭɩɫɥɨɮɝɬɺ ɪɩɬɩɰɩɧ ɟɩ ɲɩɫɨɩɞɩ ɱɨɦɭ" ɥɛɧɠɨɺ ʀ ɪɫɩɧɩɝɣɝ ©Ȳɬɭɣɨɛ ɪɫɣ f Ⱦɟ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɚ ɫɜɹɬɢɧɹ ɚɪɚɤɳɦɛ ɰɛɤ ɢɨɣɥɨɠ ɨɠɪɫɛɝɟɛ ª ȿɛɦʀ ɛɿɜ" əɤ ɜɨɧɚ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ" ɨɛɥɛɢɛɝ ɢɨɣɴɣɭɣ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɫʀɢ f ɍ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɪɨɰɿ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɨɫɹ ɨɛ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɚɪɚɨɣɰ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɣɰ ʀɟɩɦʀɝ ɴɩ ɩɭɩɲɮɝɛ ɛɿɜ ɩɿɞ ɡɜɟɪɯɧɿɫɬɸ Ɇɭɯɚɦɦɟɞɚ" ɦɣ Ʌɛɛɜɮ ɇɮɰɛɧɧɠɟ ɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɝ Ʌɛ f əɤ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɚ ɤɧɢɝɚ ɦɭɫɭɥɶɛɜɮ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɧ ɬɝɺɭɣɦɣɴɠɧ ɮɬʀɰ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɣɝ ɝʀɟɝʀɟɮɝɛ ɦɚɧ" ɭɣ ʁʁ ɨɠɝʀɫɮɹɲɣɧ ɛɫɛɜɛɧ ʀɮɟɠɺɧ ɭɛ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɛɧ Ʌɩɡɠɨ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛ ɨɣɨ ɢɛ ɬɦɩɝɛɧɣ ɇɮɰɛɧɧɠɟɛ ɪɩ ɝɣɨɠɨ ɰɩɲɛ ɜ ɫɛɢ ɮ ɡɣɭɭʀ ɪɩɜɮɝɛɭɣ ɝ Ʌɛɛɜʀ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨɣɧ ɬɝɺɭɣɦɣɴɠɧ ʁʁ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɢɨɛɨɩ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɢɛ ɛɫɛɜ ɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɪɠɫɠɥɛɢɛɧɣ Ʌɛɛɜɮ ɪɩɜɮ ɟɮɝɛɝ ©ɪɫɛɩɭɠɱɷ ɾɝɫɠʁɝª Ȼɝɫɛɛɧ ɟɦɺ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɬɣɨɛ Ȳɢɧɛʁɦɛ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɛɫɛ ɜɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɣ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɫɩɟɩɨɛɲɛɦɷɨɣ ɥɩɧ Ȼɝɫɛɛɧ ɺɥ ʀ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɣ ɝʀ ɫɣɝ ɮ ɾɟɣɨɩɞɩ ɜɩɞɛ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɤ ɪɫɣɬɝɺɭɣɝ ɱɠɤ ɰɫɛɧ ɛ ɺɢɣɲɨɣɥɣ ɨɛ ɟɮɧɥɮ ɇɮɰɛɧɧɠɟɛ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɩɪɩ ɞɛɨɣɦɣ ɬɝɺɭɣɨɹ ɍɠɪɠɫ Ʌɛɛɜɛ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɝ ɱɠɨ ɭɫʀ ɧɠɲɠɭʀ ɛɦɷ ɐɛɫɛɧ ³ ɥɮɜʀɲɨɩʁ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɩʁ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɣ ɢɛɝɝɣɳɥɣ ɮ ɪ·ɺ ɭɣɪɩɝɠɫɰɩɝɣɤ ɜɮɟɣɨɩɥ Ɏ ɨʀɤ ɢɜɠ ɫʀɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ©ɲɩɫɨɣɤ ɥɛɧʀɨɷª ɪɩɟɛ ɫɩɝɛɨɣɤ ȼɩɞɩɧ Ȼɟɛɧɩɝʀ ³ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɦɹɟɣɨʀ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦʀ

ɂɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ

ɢɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɪɠɫɳɣɰ ɰɛɦʀɯʀɝ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɪɫɩɫɩɥɛ ɧʀɡ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɭɛ ɫɣɧɣ ɪɫɣɰɣɦɷɨɣɥɛɧɣ ʀ ɢɨɛɭɭɹ ɇɠɟɣɨɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɣɬɺ ɬɮɪɠɫɠɲɥɣ ɪɫɩ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɾɧɨʀɬɭɷ Ȼɟɡɠ ɫʀɲ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝ ɭʀɧ ɰɭɩ ɜɮɟɠ ɫɠɦʀɞʀɤɨɣɧ ɝɩɡɟɠɧ ɛ ɤ ɮ ɭʀɧ ɰɭɩ ɩɲɩɦɣɭɷ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɮ ɨɣɧ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ Ɏɫɠɳɭʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣ ɫʀɳɠɨɩ ɴɩ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɹ ɥɠɫɮɝɛɭɣɧɮɭɷ ɰɛ ɦʀɯɣ ³ ©ɢɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɥɣ ɪɫɩɫɩɥɛª Ɉɛɟɛɦʀ ɥɩɡɠɨ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɷ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɝɬɺ ɬɛɧɠ ɭɛɥ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɰɛɦʀɯɣ ɺɥʀ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɣ ɝ ² ɫɫ ɜɮɦɣ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɣɧɣ ɟɫɮɢɺɧɣ ʀ ɫɩɟɣɲɛɧɣ ɇɮɰɛɧɧɠɟɛ ɐɛɦʀɯɣ ɢɛɥɦɣɥɛɦɣ ɨɛɫɩɟ ɫɮɳɛɭɣ ɝ ɪɩ ɰʀɟ ɢɛ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ʀɬɦɛɧɮ ɩɜʀɱɺɹɲɣ ɥɩɡ ɨɩɧɮ ɝɣɨɛɞɩɫɩɟɮ ɺɥ ɢɛ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɪɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ Ɍɝʀɭ ʀɬɦɛɧɮ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɩɝ ɮ ɨɛɬɭɮɪ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɛɬɺ ɟɩɜɛ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɷ Ɉɛɤɢɨɛɲɨʀɳʀ ɢɛɞɛɫɜɛɨɨɺ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɠɨɩ

Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɤ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭ

ɢɛ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɟɫɮɞɩɞɩ ɰɛɦʀɯɛ ³ ɉɧɛɫɛ ² ɫɫ Ȼɫɛɜɣ ɝʀɟɝɩɹɝɛɦɣ ɮ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ Ɍɣɫʀɹ Ɋɛɦɠɬɭɣɨɮ Ȱɞɣɪɠɭ ʀ Ɇʀɝʀɹ ɛ ɝ Ȳɫɛɨɮ ³ ɢɨɛɲɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɛɡ ɟɩ ɂɛɥɛɝɥɛɢɢɺ ɂɛ ɪɠɫɠɥɛɢɩɧ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ Ȱɞɣɪɭɮ ɰɛɦʀɯ ɉɧɛɫ ɨɛɥɛɢɛɝ ɢɨɣɴɣɭɣ ɬɦɛɝɨɩɢɝʀɬɨɮ Ȼɦɠɥɬɛɨɟɫʀɤɬɷɥɮ ɜʀɜɦʀɩɭɠɥɮ ɬɥɛɢɛɝɳɣ ©Ɏɬɠ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ Ʌɩɫɛɨɮ ɝ ɬɭɛɫɩɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɥɨɣɞɛɰ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɝ ɪɩɰɩɟʀ ɾ ɝ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɛ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɨɠ ɪɩX Ɂɚɜɞɹɤɢ ɱɨɦɭ ɚɪɚɛɫɶɤɟ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨ ɭɫʀɜɨɠ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɛɧª ɞɨɫɹɝɚɥɨ ɜɢɫɨɤɨʀ ɪɭɯɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ" Ƚɩɾɨɨɣɧ ɮɬɪʀɰɛɧ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɣ ɪɠɫɠX əɤɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɟ ɨɡɛɪɨɽɧɧɹ ɚɪɚɛɝɛɞɣ ɮ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝʀɤ ɭɛɥɭɣɱʀ Ƚɩɨɣ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɜɨʀɧɚ" ɪɠɫɳɩɥɦɛɬɨɮ ɦɠɞɥɮ ɥʀɨɨɩɭɮ ɴɩ ɬɭɫʀɧɥɣɧɣ ɛɭɛɥɛɧɣ ɨɛɝɩɟɣɦɛ ɡɛɰ ɨɛ ɪʀɰɩɭɮ ɪɫɩɭɣɝɨɣɥɛ ʀ ɨɠ ɧɠɨɳ ɮɬɪʀɳɨɩ ɛɭɛɥɮɝɛɦɛ ɝɛɡɥɣɰ ɥʀɨɨɩɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɝɩɫɩɞɛ ȳʁ ɪɩɺɝɛ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɩɹ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɝɣɨɛɤɟɠɨɨɹ ɥɣɭɛɤɱɺɧɣ ɬɭɫɠɧɠɨ Ɍɛɧɠ ɬɪɠɫɳɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥʀ ɝɠɫɳɨɣɥɣ ɫɩɢɫɮɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɳɛɜɦɺɧɣ ɝɩɫɩɞʀɝ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨɛɝɪʀɦ ɂɨɛɲɨɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɝɛɦɩ ɤ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɧɛɦɣ ɯɩɫɧɮ ©ɬɝɺɴɠɨɨɩʁ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɝ ʀɧ·ɺ Ȼɦɦɛɰɛª Ʌɩɡɠɨ ɢɛɞɣɜɦɣɤ ɨɛ ɱʀɤ ɝʀɤɨʀ ɺɥ ɥɛɢɛɦɣ ɰɛɦʀɯɣ ɩɪɣɨɺɝɬɺ ɝ ɫɛɹ ɤ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɝ ɝʀɲɨɠ ɜɦɛɡɠɨɬɭɝɩ Ƚɩɾɨɨʀ ɮɬɪʀɰɣ ɨɛɟɣɰɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɨɩɝʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ Ɏ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ ɛɫɛɜɣ ɨɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɧɛɤɨɩ ɜɛɞɛɭʀʁɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɨɠɝɩɦɠɨɣɰ ɜɛɲɣɦɣ ɝ ɨɣɰ ɝɣɢɝɩɦɣɭɠɦʀɝ Ȼɫɛɜɣ ɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɫɠɦʀɞʀɤɨɮ ɬɝɩɜɩɟɮ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɹ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɛɦɠ ɝɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɫʀɢɨɣɧɣ ɪʀɦɷɞɛɧɣ ɢɛɩɰɩɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɰʀɟ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɣɰ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɮ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɬɷɥɮ ɝʀɫɮ Ɏɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɷ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɛ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ³ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɤ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭ

ɐɛɦʀɯɛɭ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ

ɇɠɲɠɭɷ ɰɛɦʀɯɛ ɉɧɛɫɛ ɝ Ȱɫɮɬɛɦɣɧʀ

Ɏɡɠ ɢɛ ɪɠɫɳɣɰ ɰɛɦʀɯʀɝ ɝ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭʀ ɫɩɢɞɩɫɨɮɦɛɬɺ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢɛ ɝɦɛɟɮ Ƚɩɨɛ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɪɩɬɣɦɣɦɛɬɺ ɢɛ ɬɭɛɫɩɞɩ ɤ ɜɠɢɝɩɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɭɫɠɭɷɩɞɩ ɰɛɦʀɯɛ ³ ɉɬɧɛɨɛ ² ɫɫ ʀ ɲɠɭɝɠɫɭɩɞɩ ɰɛɦʀɯɛ ³ Ȼɦʀ ² ɫɫ ȳɰ ɩɜɩɰ ɮɜɣɦɣ ɢɧɩɝɨɣɥɣ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝ ɨɛɧʀɬɨɣɥ Ɍɣɫʀʁ ɇɮɛɝʀɺ ɢ ɫɩɟɮ ɉɧɠɤɺ Ƚʀɨ ɬɭɛɝ ɢɛ ɬɨɩɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɨɩɝɩʁ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ɉɧɠɤɺɟʀɝ ɍɛɥ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝɬɺ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ȼɫɛɜ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭɮ

X əɤɿ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɛɭɥɢ ɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɿ ɚɪɚɛɚɦɢ ɡɚ ɱɚɫ ɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɯɚɥɿɮɿɜ" X əɤɭ ɧɚɡɜɭ ɦɚɥɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɚ ɚɪɚɛɿɜ" X Ɋɨɡɤɪɢɣɬɟ ɡɦɿɫɬ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɿ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɿɜ ɛɟɞɭʀɧ ɟɦɿɪ ɯɚɥɿɮɚɬ

ɉɧɠɤɺɟɣ ɭɛ Ȼɜɜɛɬɣɟɣ ɇɮɛɝʀɺ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɣɝɬɺ ɡɣɭɣ ɝ ɇɠɱɱʀ ɲɣ ɇɠɟɣɨʀ ɭɛ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɝɬɺ ɝ ȿɛɧɛɬɥɮ ɴɩ ɪɠ ɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɭɩɦɣɱɹ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭɮ ȿɛɧɛɬɷɥɣɤ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭ ɉɧɠɤɺɟʀɝ ɪɫɩʀɬɨɮɝɛɝ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɫɩɥʀɝ ² ɫɫ ɂɛ ɱɠɤ ɲɛɬ ɛɫɛɜɣ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɫɩɢɳɣɫɣɦɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɩɦɩ ɟʀɨɨɺ ȿɩ ɥʀɨɱɺ 9,, ɬɭ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥʀ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥɣ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɦɣ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ Ƚʀɫɧɠɨʀʁ Ɋʀɝ ɟɠɨɨɣɤ Ȼɢɠɫɜɛɤɟɡɛɨ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ȿɩ ɫ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɣ ɝɬʀ ɛɯɫɣɥɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɨɛ ɢɛɰʀɟ ɝʀɟ Ȱɞɣɪɭɮ ɬɮɲɛɬɨʀ Ɇʀɝʀɺ Ȼɦɡɣɫ ɍɮɨʀɬ ɇɛɫɩɥɥɩ ʀ ɟɛɦɣ ʁɧ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɮ ɨɛɢɝɮ ɇɛɞɫɣɜ ³ ©ɂɛɰʀɟª Ɏ ɫ ɛɫɛɜɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀʁ ɟɠ ɡɣɦɣ ɝɠɬɭɞɩɭɣ Ɋɩɦɥɩɝɩɟɠɱɷ ȿɡɠɜɠɦɷ ɛɦɷ ɍɛɫʀɥ ʀɢ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɧ ɮ ɭɣɬ ɥʀɨɨɩɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɪɫɛɝɣɝɬɺ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɪɫɩɭɩɥɮ Ⱦɠɫɥɮɦɠɬɩɝʀ ɬɭɩɝɪɣ ɨɛɢɝɛɨɮ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɤɩɞɩ ʀɧ·ɺɧ ʉʀɜɫɛɦɭɛɫ Ƚʀɨ ɫɩɢɞɫɩɧɣɝ ɝɠ ɬɭɞɩɭʀɝ ʀ ɟɮɡɠ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɝ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɝɬɹ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀɹ Ȼɫɛɜɣ ɬɪɫɩɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɭɣ ʀ ɏɫɛɨɥɬɷɥɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɪɫɩɭɠ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɣ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ɪʀɟ Ɋɮɛɭɷɾ Ɉɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɦɥɩɝɩɟɱʀ ɪɫɩɬɮɨɮɦɣɬɺ ɝɞɦɣɜ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩʁ Ȼɢʀʁ ɩɝɩɦɩ ɟʀɦɣ ɐʀɝɩɹ ȼɮɰɛɫɩɹ Ɍɛɧɛɫɥɛɨɟɩɧ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɦɣ Ȼɯɞɛɨʀɬɭɛɨ ʀ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɮ ɲɛ ɬɭɣɨɮ Ȳɨɟʀʁ ɟɩ ɫʀɲɥɣ Ȳɨɟ Ȼɫɛɜɣ ɭɫɣɲʀ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɨɛ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷ ɮ ² ɫɫ ɮɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɫɩɥɮ ɭɫɣɧɛɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɝ ɩɜɦɩɢʀ ɩɟɨɛɥ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɭɣ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɨɠ ɢɧɩɞɦɣ Ɏɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɷ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɣ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭɮ ɉɧɠɤɺɟʀɝ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɟ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲ ɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ ɨɛ ɂɛɰɩɟʀ ɟɩ Ʌɣɭɛɹ ɭɛ Ȳɨɟʀʁ ɨɛ Ɍɰɩɟʀ ɂɛ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɛɧɣ Ȼɫɛɜ ɬɷɥɣɤ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭ ɪɠɫɠɝɣɴɮɝɛɝ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɮ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɹ ɢɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ʁʁ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭɮ ɲɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ Ȼɦɠɥɬɛɨɟɫɛ ɇɛɥɠɟɩɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ɏ ɫ ɉɧɠɤɺɟʀɝ ɬɥɣɨɮɦɛ ʀɫɛɨɬɷɥɛ ɭɛ ʀɫɛɥɬɷɥɛ ɢɨɛɭɷ ɨɠɝɟɩɝɩɦɠɨɛ ɢɛɬɣɦɦɺɧ ɬɣɫʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɰ ɧɩɡɨɩɝɦɛɟɱʀɝ ɐɛɦʀɯɩɧ ɬɭɛɝ Ȼɜɮɦ Ȼɜɜɛɬ Ʌɫɣɝɛɝɣɤ ɢɛ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɧ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɨɣɴɠɨɩ ɝɬʀɰ ɉɧɠɤɺɟʀɝ Ƚʀɨ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɝ ɨɩɝɮ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀɹ Ȼɜɜɛ ɬɣɟʀɝ ɴɩ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɛ ɝ ² ɫɫ Ɍɭɩɦɣɱɹ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɠɫɠɨɠɬɠɨɩ ɟɩ ȼɛɞɟɛ

Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɤ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭ

ɟɛ ɝ Ȳɫɛɥɮ ȼɛɞɟɛɟɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭɮ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ©ɢɩɦɩɭɣɧ ɝʀɥɩɧ Ȼɜɜɛ ɬɣɟʀɝª ɲɛɬɩɧ ɨɠɜɛɲɠɨɩʁ ɫɩɢɥɩɳʀ ɰɛɦʀɯʀɝ Ɍɭɩɦɣɱɺ Ȼɜɜɛɬɣɟʀɝ ɝɫɛɡɛɦɛ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɛɧɣ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨɣɧɣ ɪɛɦɛ ɱɛɧɣ ɪɛɫɥɛɧɣ ɰɛɦʀɯɛ ɭɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɜɦɣɡɠɨɣɰ Ɉɛ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɣɰ ɫɣɨɥɛɰ ȼɛɞɟɛɟɛ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɭɣ ɥɮɪɱʀɝ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɝʀɟɟɛɦɠɨʀ ɳɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɬɝʀɭɮ ³ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀɝ ɥɣɭɛɤɱʀɝ ʀɨɟʀɤɱʀɝ ɧɛɦɛɤɱʀɝ ɍɮɭ ɪɫɩɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɳɩɝ ɥɩɝʀ ɭɥɛɨɣɨɣ ɢ Ʌɣɭɛɹ ɠɥɢɩɭɣɲɨʀ ɪɛɰɩɴʀ ɢ Ȳɨɟʀʁ ɰɮɭɫɛ ɢ ɟɛɦɠɥɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ Ʌɮɪɱʀ ɤ ɧɩɫɠɪɦɛɝɱʀ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɦɣ ɪɫɩ ɟɣɝɩɝɣɡɨʀ ɟɛɦɠɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ɉɠ ɟɣɝɨɩ ɴɩ ʀ ɭʀ ɲɛɬɣ ʀ ɬɛɧ ɜɛɞɟɛɟɬɷɥɣɤ ɰɛɦʀɯ Ⱦɛɫɮɨ ɛɦɷ ɋɛɳɣɟ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɪɫɩɭɩɭɣɪɛɧɣ ɞɠɫɩʁɝ ɥɛɢɩɥ ©ɍɣɬɺɲɛ ɤ ɩɟɨɛ ɨʀɲª X ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɿʀ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɿɜ ɚɪɚɛɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ

Ɍɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɣɤ ɦɛɟ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭɮ ɂɛ ɪɠɫɳɣɰ ɲɩɭɣɫɷɩɰ ɰɛɦʀɯʀɝ ɟɠɫɡɛ ɝɩɹ ɥɠɫɮɝɛɦɛ ɝɣɴɛ ɫɠɦʀɞʀɤɨɛ ɩɬɩɜɛ ɺɥɮ ɩɜɣɫɛɦɣ ɢ ɟɫɮɢʀɝ ʀ ɫɩɟɣɲʀɝ ɇɮɰɛɧɧɠɟɛ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɪɫɣɰɩɟɮ ɟɩ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɉɧɠɤɺɟʀɝ ɪɩɬɛ ɟɛ ɰɛɦʀɯɛ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɝɩɹ ɐɛɦʀɯɛɭ ɪɠ ɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɭɠɩɥɫɛɭɣɲɨɮ ɧɩɨɛɫɰʀɹ ɴɩ ɨɛɜɮɦɛ ɫɣɬ ɬɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɟɠɬɪɩɭʀʁ ³ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɞɩ ɮɬɭɫɩɹ ɢɛ ɺɥɩʁ ɧɩɨɛɫɰ ɧɛɾ ɨɠɩɜɧɠɡɠɨɮ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɟɛɝɲɮ ʀ ɬɮɟɩɝɮ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɨʀ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɥɣɧ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɢɛ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɲɣɨɥɣ ɭɫɣɧɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɨɛɬɣɦɷɬɭɝʀ ɤ ɭɠɫɩɫʀ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɤ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭ ɜɮɝ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɹ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɩɹ ɝɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɷ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ Ɏɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɭɣ ʁɰ ɮ ɪɩɥɩɫʀ ɧɩɡ ɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɦɣɳɠ ɬɣɦɩɹ ȿɦɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɰɛɦʀɯɣ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɮ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɮ ɛɫɧʀɹ ³ ɟɩ ɝɩɺɥʀɝ ɛ ɟɦɺ ɝɦɛɬɨɩɞɩ ɢɛɰɣɬɭɮ ³ ɪɛɦɛɱɩɝɮ ɞɝɛɫɟʀɹ ɚɥ ʀ ɝɬʀ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨʀ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ɝ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭʀ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɷ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɤ ɰɛɦʀ ɯɛɭ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɝ ʀ ɫɩɢɪɛɝɬɺ Ɋɫɣɲɣɨ ɫɩɢɪɛɟɮ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ Ɋɩ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭ ɬɣɦɩɹ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɝ ɨɛɫɩ ɟɣ ɺɥʀ ɧɛɦɣ ɫʀɢɨɮ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ ɭɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɮ Ƚʀɟɭɩɟʀ ɺɥ ɝɩɨɣ ɩɪɣɨɣɦɣɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ʁɰɨɺ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢɛ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɨɠ ɪɫɣɪɣɨɺɦɛɬɺ Ɋɩ ɟɫɮɞɠ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɰɛɦʀɯʀɝ ɥɩɭɫʀ ɡɣɦɣ ɝ ɫɩɢɥɩɳʀ ɛ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɟɠɫ

ɂɛ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɢɛɥɩɨɛɧɣ ɝɬɺ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɦɛ ɰɛɦʀ ɯɛɧ ɺɥʀ ɦɣɳɠ ɭɣɧɲɛɬɩɝɩ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɛ ɦɣɬɺ ʁʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɧɣ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɬɦɮɞɛɧ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɝɠɦɷɧɩɡʀ ɝɬɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɛɤɨɩ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɣɦɩ ɟɩ ɬɥɛɫɜɨɣɱʀ ɰɛɦʀɯɛ ʀ ɦɣɳɠ ɝʀɟ ɜɛɡɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɪɫɣ ɰɣɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɰɛɦʀɯɛ ɢɛɦɠɡɛɦɩ ɲɣ ɩɭ ɫɣɧɛɾ ɨɛɴɛɟɩɥ ɪɩɧɠɫɦɩɞɩ ɺɥɣɤɬɷ ɬɪɛɟɩɥ Ƚɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɛ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɲɣɨɩɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɬɭɠɡɣɦɛ ɢɛ ɬɪɦɛɭɩɹ ɪɩɟɛɭɥʀɝ ɟɩ ɬɥɛɫɜɨɣɱʀ ɰɛɦʀɯɛ Ȳɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɭɫɣ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɝɣɟɣ ɪɩɟɛɭɥʀɝ ɰɛɫɛɟɡ ³ ɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɣɤ ɪɩɟɛɭɩɥ ɟɡɣɢʀɺ ³ ɪɩɟɮɳɨɠ ɴɩ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɨɠɧɮ ɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɣ ɢɺɥɺɭ ³ ɟɠɬɺɭɣɨɛ ɴɩ ɨɛɟɰɩɟɣɦɛ ɝ ɫɩɢɪɩɫɺɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɰɛɦʀɯɛ Ɍɮɟɩɲɣɨɬɭɝɩ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ Ʌɩɫɛɨɮ ʀ Ɍɮɨɨɣ ³ ɥɨɣɞɣ ɟɩɪɩɝɨɠɨɷ ɟɩ Ʌɩɫɛɨɮ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɨɠ ɝɬʀ ɛɫɛɜɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɣ Ɍɮɨɨɮ ɬɝɺɴɠɨ ɨɩɹ ɥɨɣɞɩɹ ɫʀɝɨɩɹ ɢɛ ɢɨɛɲɠɨ ɨɺɧ Ʌɩɫɛɨɮ ɂɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɉɧɠɤɺɟʀɝ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɫɩɢɥɩɦɩɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɮɨʀɭʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɝɣɢɨɛɝɛɦɣ Ɍɮɨɨɮ ʀ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɰɛɦʀɯɛ ɭɛ ɳɣʁɭʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɨɠ ɝɣɢɨɛɝɛɦɣ Ɍɮɨɨɣ ʀ ɨɠ ɪʀɟ ɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɉɧɠɤɺɟʀɝ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ

ɡɛɝɩɹ ɟɩɫɮɲɛɦɣ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɨɛɜɦɣɡɠɨɣɧ ɟɠɟɛɦʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɬɦɛɜɳɛɦɛ ɀɧʀɫɣ ɨɛɧʀɬɨɣɥɣ ɰɛɦʀɯʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɮɪɫɛɝɦɺɦɣ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ʀ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɝɣɧɣ ɴɩɜ ɜɮɭɣ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨɣɧɣ ɝʀɟ ɰɛɦʀɯɛ Ɏɬɠ ɱɠ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɩ ɟɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩ ɝʀɟ ɥʀɨɱɺ 9,,, ɬɭ ɟɩ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;, ɬɭ ɰɛɦʀɯɣ ɝɭɫɛ ɭɣɦɣ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ Ɏ ɫ ȼɛɞɟɛɟ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɦɣ ɭɮɫɥɣ ɬɠɦɷɟɡɮɥɣ ʀ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭ ɪɫɣɪɣɨɣɝ ɬɝɩɾ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ X ɋɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɪɨɤɿɜ ɩɪɨɿɫɧɭɜɚɜ Ⱥɪɚɛɫɶɤɢɣ ɯɚɥɿɮɚɬ"

Ʌɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭɮ ȿɩɜɛ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭɮ ɢɜɛɞɛɭɣɦɛ ɬɝʀɭ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɨɣɧɣ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨɣɧɣ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɠɨ ɨɺɧɣ ɐɩɲɛ ɧɣ ɤ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɾɧɩ ɱɹ ɥɮɦɷɭɮ ɫɮ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɩɹ ɱɠ ɨɠ ɢɩɝɬʀɧ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɝɩɨɛ ɮɝʀɜɫɛɦɛ ɝ ɬɠɜɠ ɥɮɦɷɭɮ ɫɣ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɠɨɣɰ ɛɫɛɜɛɧɣ Ȼɫɛɜɣ ɪɫɩɺɝɣɦɣ ɫʀɟɥʀɬɨɮ ɢɟɛɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɢɛɬɝɩɹɝɛɭɣ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀʁ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɠɨɣɰ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɤ ɫɣɨɩɥ ȼʀɦɷɳɠ ɭɩɞɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɧɩɞɦɣ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɭɣ ɥɮɦɷ ɭɮɫɨʀ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɝ ɩɟɨɠ ɱʀɦɠ ɨɛ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ʀɬɦɛɧɮ ɭɛ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɩʁ ɧɩɝɣ Ȼɫɛɜ ɬɷɥɛ ɧɩɝɛ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɩɯʀɱʀɤɨɩɹ ɨɠɹ ɬɥɦɛ ɟɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɩɥɮɧɠɨɭɣ ɝɠɦɣɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɞɩɝɩɫɣ ʀ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɣ ɧɩɦɣɭɝɣ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɝɩɨɛ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɧɩɝɩɹ ɨɛɮɥɣ ʀ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɝɬɷɩɞɩ ɧɮɬɮɦɷ ɧɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ɍɰɩɟɮ Ɉɛɤɝɛɞɩɧʀɳɣɤ ɝɨɠɬɩɥ ɢɫɩɜɣɦɣ ɛɫɛɜɣ ɝ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɲɣɰ ɭɩɲɨɣɰ ɨɛɮɥ ɯʀɦɩ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɛ ɢɜɫɩɺ ɬɩɯʀʁ ɭɛ ɧɠɟɣɱɣɨɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝɣɝɲɛɦɣ ɤ ɪɠɫɠ ɥɦɛɟɛɦɣ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ ɪɫɛɱʀ Ȼɫʀɬɭɩɭɠ ɦɺ Ⱦʀɪɩɥɫɛɭɛ ɀɝɥɦʀɟɛ Ɋɭɩɦɠɧɠɺ Ɏ ȼɛɞɟɛɟʀ Ʌɩɫɟɩɝʀ Ʌɛʁɫʀ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɣɴʀ ɳɥɩɦɣ ɮ ɺɥɣɰ ɪɩɫɺɟ ʀɢ Ʌɩɫɛɨɩɧ ɝɣɝɲɛɦɣɬɺ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥʀ ɨɛɮɥɣ ɑʀ ɝɣɴʀ ɳɥɩɦɣ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɢɫɛɢɥɛ ɧɣ ɟɦɺ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɰ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭʀɝ Ɏ Ʌɛʁɫʀ Ʌɩɫɟɩɝʀ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨʀ ɜʀ ɜɦʀɩɭɠɥɣ ɟɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɢʀɜɫɛɨɩ ɬɩɭɨʀ ɭɣɬɺɲ ɥɨɣɞ ɓɝɣɟɥɩɧɮ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɹ ɥɨɣɞ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɮ 9ȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɛɫɛɜɣ ɢɛɪɩ ɢɣɲɣɦɣ ɢ Ʌɣɭɛɹ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɩ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɛɪɠɫɮ Ɏ ȼɛ ʊɟɛɟʀ ȿɛɧɛɬɥɮ Ɍɛɧɛɫɥɛɨɟʀ ɟʀɺɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɩɜɬɠɫɝɛɭɩɫʀʁ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥʀ ɛɬɭɫɩɨɩɧɣ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɦɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɢʀɫɩɥ ʀ ɬɥɦɛɦɣ ɥɛɫ ɭɣ ɢɩɫɺɨɩɞɩ ɨɠɜɛ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɣɦɣ ɩɥɫɮɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɂɠɧɦʀ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɤ ɯʀɦɩɬɩɯ

Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɤ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭ

Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥʀ ɧɛɭɠɧɛɭɣɥɣ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɛɦɞɠ ɜɫɮ ɬɛɧɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɳɣɫɩɥɩ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩ ɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɱɣɯɫɣ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɣɨɛɤɟɠɨʀ ɝ Ȳɨɟʀʁ ɛɦɠ ɝʀɟɩɧʀ ɨɛɧ ɺɥ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥʀ Ȼɫɛɜɣ ɪɠɫɳɣɧɣ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɝʀɝʀɬɠɥ ɱʀɹ ³ ɫɩɢɭɣɨɣ ɡɣɝɣɰ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ʀɢ ɧɠɭɩɹ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɯɮɨɥɱʀɤ ɲɛɬɭɣɨ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢ ɧɮ ʀ ɪɫɣɲɣɨ ɢɛɰɝɩɫɹɝɛɨɷ Ɏ ɞɛɦɮɢʀ ɧɠ ɟɣɱɣɨɣ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɮɬɦɛɝɣɝɬɺ Ȳɜɨ Ɍʀɨɛ ² ɫɫ ɝʀɟɩɧɣɤ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɪʀɟ ʀɧ·ɺɧ Ȼɝʀɱɠɨɨɛ Ɏ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɞɩɦɩɝɨʀɤ ɪɫɛɱʀ ©Ʌɛɨɩɨ ɧɠɟɣɲɨɩʁ ɨɛɮɥɣª ɝʀɨ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɝ ɟɩɬɝʀɟ Ɍɪʀɝɛɥ ʀ ɧɮɢɣɥɛɨɭ ɂʀɫɤɺɜ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ

ɛɨɭɣɲɨɣɰ ʀɨɟʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɛɢʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɦʀɥɛɫʀɝ ɑɺ ɪɫɛɱɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɷ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɛ ɬɭʀɦɷɨɩɹ ɥɨɣɞɩɹ ɦʀɥɛɫʀɝ Ɍɰɩɟɮ ʀ ɂɛɰɩɟɮ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥʀ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɨɣɥɣ Ȳɜɨ ɏɛɟɦɛɨ Ȼɦɷ ɇɛɬɮɟʀ Ȳɜɨ ɋɮɬɭɠ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɪɠɫɳɣɧɣ ɝʀɟɝʀɟɛɦɣ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɴɩ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɝʀɟɩ ɧʀ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɂɛɦɣɳɣɦɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɤ ɮɨʀɥɛɦɷɨʀ ɩɪɣɬɣ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɮ ,;²; ɬɭɩ ɦʀɭɭɺɰ Ɏ ,; ɬɭ ɡɣɝ ɬɪʀɝɛɥ ʀ ɧɮɢɣɥɛɨɭ ɂʀɫɤɺɜ Ƚʀɨ ɬɪʀɝɛɝ ʀ ɧɮɢɣɥɮɝɛɝ ɮ ɜɛɞɟɛɟɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪɛ ɦɛɱʀ ɢɨɛɧɠɨɣɭɩɞɩ ɰɛɦʀɯɛ ɐɛɫɮɨɛ ɛɫ ɋɛ ɇɛɨɟɫʀɝɨɣɥ Ȳɜɨ ɏɛɟɦɛɨ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ

ɳɣɟɛ Ɋʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɧɮɢɣɥɛɨɭ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɣɝɬɺ ɟɩ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀʁ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɧ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɨɣɥɛɧ Ȳɜɨ ɏɛɟɦɛɨ Ȼɦɷ ɇɛɬɮɟʀ Ȳɜɨ ɋɮɬɭɠ ɭɛ ʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɝʀɟɩ ɧɣɤ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɜʀɦɷɳɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɨʀɡ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱɺɧ ȿɦɺ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɩɥ ɛɫɛɜɣ ɬɭɝɩ ɫɣɦɣ ɢɫɮɲɨɣɤ ʀ ɨɛɟʀɤɨɣɤ ɥɩɫɛɜɠɦɷ ³ ɟɛɮ ɭɩɲɨʀ ɥɛɫɭɣ ʀ ɨɛɝʀɞɛɱʀɤɨʀ ɪɫɣɦɛɟɣ Ɉɛɫɠɳɭʀ ɟɦɺ ɝɬʀɰ ɲɛɬʀɝ ʀ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɨɠɪɠɫɠɝɠɫɳɠɨɩɹ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɥɩɹ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɩʁ ɦʀɭɠ ɫɛɭɮɫɣ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɜʀɫɥɛ ɥɛɢɩɥ ©ɍɣɬɺɲɛ ɤ ɩɟɨɛ ɨʀɲª ɴɩ ɝɝʀɜɫɛɦɛ ɝ ɬɠɜɠ ɥɛɢɥɣ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɛɫɛɜɩ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɓɝɣɟɥɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ ɡɛɨɫɣ ɪɩɠɢʀʁ ɉɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɝʀɟɩɧʀɳɣɰ ɪɩ ɠɭʀɝ ɜɮɝ ɏʀɫɟɩɮɬʀ Ƚʀɨ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɝ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɣɤ ɠɪɩɬ ©ɓɛɰɨɛɧɠª ©Ʌɨɣɞɛ ɱɛɫʀɝª

ɮ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɩɪɣɬɛɨɩ ɟʀɺɨɨɺ ɪɠɫɬɣɟɬɷɥɣɰ ɳɛɰʀɝ ɋɩɢɥɝʀɭ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭɮ ɝʀɟɢɨɛɲɣɝɬɺ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɧ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩɧ ɂɝɩɟɣɦɣɬɺ ɝɠɦɣɲɨʀ ɧɠɲɠɭʀ ɪɛɦɛɱɣ ɰɛɦʀɯʀɝ ɧɛɝɢɩɦɠʁ ɞɫɩɜɨɣɱʀ ɯɩɫɭɠɱʀ Ȼɫɛɜɣ ɝɧʀɦɣ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɝʀɤ ɪɩɜɮɭ Ɋɩɾɟɨɛɝɳɣ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀʁ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɬɭʀ Ƚʀ ɢɛɨɭʀʁ Ɋɠɫɬʀʁ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɝɣɭɩɨɲɠɨɮ ɬɰʀɟɨɮ ɫɩɢɥʀɳ ³ ɨɛɤɭɩɨɳʀ ɭɥɛɨɣɨɣ ɥɠɫɛɧʀɥɮ ɬɥɦɩ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɬɣ ɢɜɫɩɹ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɮɬɪʀɰʀɝ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɛ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ

ɝ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɛɨɨʀ ɪɛɦɛɱʀɝ ʀ ɝɣɫɩɴɮɝɛɨɨʀ ɬɛɟʀɝ Ɏɧʀɦɣ ɛɫɛɜɣ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɤ ɟɩɢɝʀɦ ɦɺ ɪɩɦɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɤ ɢɛɬɭʀɦɦɺ ɳɛɰɣ ɤ ɨɛɫɟɣ ɧɮɢɣɥɛ ɤ ɭɛɨɱʀ Ȼɫɛɜɛɧ ɨɛɦɠɡɣɭɷ ɝɣɨɛɰʀɟ ɭɛɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɪɮɦɺɫɨɩɞɩ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɧɮɢɣɲɨɩɞɩ ʀɨ ɬɭɫɮɧɠɨɭɛ ɺɥ ɞʀɭɛɫɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɮ ɪɩɪɮɦɺɫɨʀɬɭɷ ɝ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɧɛɦɣ ɦɛɢɨʀ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɧʀɬɱɠɧ ɟɠ ɧɣɦɣ ɬɺ ɛ ɤ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɥɦɮɜɛɧɣ ɟɠ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲɛ ɦɣɬɺ ɟɫɮɢʀ ɂɛ ɬɭɩɦɩɧ ɛɫɛɜɣ ɢɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɣɦɣ ɇɠɲɠɭɷ Ȼɦɷ Ȼɢɰɛɫ Ʌɛʁɫ Ȱɞɣɪɠɭ

ɪɠɫɠɧʀɨɮ ɬɭɫɛɝ ɧɣɭɭɺ ɫɮɥ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɤ ɝɣɞɦɺɟ

ɢɮɜɩɲɣɬɭɥɛɧɣ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ɧɛɦɛ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪɮ ɂɛɰɩɪɦɠɨɛ ɛɫɛɜɛ ɧɣ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀɺ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɩɧ ɢɝʀɟɥɣ ɮ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥʀ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɪɩɳɣɫɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛɮɥɩɝʀ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɣ ɪɫɣʁɢɟɣɦɣ ɝɲɣɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ Ʌɩɫɟɩɝɣ ɺɥɮ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛ ɦɣ ©ɬɝʀɭɦɩɹ ɥɫɛɬɩɹ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɹɨɣɧ ɟɣɝɨɣɧ ɧʀɬɭɩɧ ɬɺɹɲɣɧ ɮ ɜɦɣɬɥɮ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝª ɂɝʀɟɬɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɫɣɝɩɢɣɦɣ ɟɩ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɟɠɨʀ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ ɪɫɛɱʀ ɝɲɠɨɣɰ ɟɛɝɨɣɨɣ Ɏ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫɺɰ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɱɠɨɭɫɣ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɟɮ ɪɫɛɱɷ ɢ ɛɫɛɜ ɬɷɥɩʁ ɧɩɝɣ ɦɛɭɣɨɩɹ ɍɛɥ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɛɫɛɜɛɧ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɛ Ȱɝɫɩɪɛ ɟʀɢɨɛɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɨɛɮɥɩɝʀ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɲɛɬʀɝ ʀ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ f ɋɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɥɿɤ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɶ ɚɪɚɛɫɶɤɨʀ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨɩɹ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɩɹ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ɍɰɩɟɮ ɜɮɦɛ ɧɠɲɠɭɷ ɂɩɝɨʀ ɧɠɲɠɭʀ ɲɛ ɬɭɩ ɨɛɞɛɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɯɩɫɭɠɱʀ ɩɜɨɠɬɠɨʀ ɞɦɮɰɣɧɣ ɬɭʀɨɛɧɣ ɢ ɧʀɨʀɧɮɧɩɧ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɬ ȿɩ ɬɭʀɨ ɧɠɲɠɭɠɤ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɣɬɩɥʀ ɧʀɨɛɫɠɭɣ ʀɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɪ·ɺɭɷ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɨɛ ɟɠɨɷ ɝʀɫɮɹɲɣɰ ɢɛɥɦɣɥɛɦɣ ɟɩ ɧɩɦɣɭɝɣ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɢɩɝɬʀɧ ʀɨɳɛ ɥɛɫɭɣɨɛ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɝʀɫɮɹɲɣɧ ɺɥʀ ɝɝʀɤɳɦɣ ɟɩ ɧɠɲɠɭʀ Ɍɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɦɺɦɣ ɟɩ ɪɫɺɧɩɥɮɭɨɩɞɩ ɟɝɩɫɮ ɩɜɞɩɫɩɟɡɠ ɨɩɞɩ ɛɫɩɲɨɣɧɣ ɞɛɦɠɫɠɺɧɣ Ɏ ɱɠɨɭɫʀ ɟɝɩɫɮ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɜɮɝ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɠɨɣɤ ɯɩɨɭɛɨ ɟɦɺ ɩɜɧɣ ɝɛɨɨɺ Ȳɢ ɟɝɩɫɩɧ ɪɩɾɟɨɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɢɛɦ ɟɦɺ ɧɩɦɣɭɩɝ Ɍɭɠɦɺ ɢɛɦɮ ɭɫɣɧɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɫɺɟɛɰ ɥɩɦɩɨ Ɏ ɨɛɤɝʀɟɩɧʀɳʀɤ Ʌɩɫɟɩɝɬɷɥʀɤ ɧɠɲɠɭʀ 9,,,²; ɬɭ ɨɛɫɛɰɩɝɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɭɣ ɬɺɲʀ ɧɛɫɧɮɫɩɝɣɰ ɥɩɦɩɨ Ƚɩɨɛ ɩɬɝʀɲɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɦɹɬɭɫɛɧɣ ʀɢ ɭɣɬ ɦɛɧɪɛɧɣ Ɉɛɤ ɥɫɛɬɣɝʀɳɩɹ ɝɝɛɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ Ʌɛʁɫɬɷɥɛ ɧɠɲɠɭɷ ;,9 ɬɭ Ɍɝɺɭɣɧ ɧʀɬɱɠɧ ɮ ɧɠɲɠɭʀ ɾ ɧʀ ɰɫɛɜ ³ ɨʀɳɛ ɝ ɬɭʀɨʀ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɭɛ ɝ ɜʀɥ ɇɠɥɥɣ ɺɥɛ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɠɨɛ ɫʀɢɷɜɦɠɨɨɺɧ ʀ ɧɩɢɛʁɥɩɹ ɍʀ ɴɩ ɧɩɦɺɭɷɬɺ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɭʀ ɟɩ ɧʀɰɫɛɜɛ Ɏ ɧɠɲɠɭɺɰ ɨɠɧɛɾ ɛɨʀ ʀɥɩɨ ɛɨʀ ɯɫɠɬɩɥ Ȳɬɦɛɧ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɺɾ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɛɭɣ ȼɩɞɛ ʀ ɪɩɥɦɩɨɺɭɣɬɺ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɣɧ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨ ɨɺɧ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ʀɨɭɠɫ·ɾɫ ɧɠɲɠɭʀ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɠɨɣɤ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨɣɧɣ ɛɫɛɜɠɬɥɛɧɣ ³ ɪɠɫɠɪɦɠɭɠɨɣ ɧɣ ɧʀɡ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɦʀɨʀɺɧɣ ɞɠɩɧɠɭɫɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɯʀɞɮɫɛɧɣ ʀ ɥɝʀɭɛɧɣ Ȼɫɛɜɠɬɥɣ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɨʀ ɧɩ ɢɛʁɥɩɹ ɫʀɢɷɜɦɠɨɨɺɧ ʀɨɥɫɮɬɭɛɱʀɾɹ Ɋɩɫɺɟ ɢ ɩɫɨɛɧɠɨɭɩɧ ɨɛ ɬɭʀɨɛɰ ɧɠɲɠɭɠɤ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɨɛɪɣɬʀɝ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɣ ɢ Ʌɩɫɛɨɮ ɺɥʀ ɬɛɧʀ ɨɛɞɛɟɮɹɭɷ ɩɫɨɛɧɠɨɭ ɝ·ɺɢɷ ɑɠ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɩ ɥɛɦʀɞɫɛɯʀʁ ɺɥɣɧ ɛɫɛɜɣ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɦɣ ɝʀɫɭɮɩɢɨɩ

Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɤ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭ

Ɂɚɤɪɿɩɢɦɨ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ 1. ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɩɨɹɜɢ ɿɫɥɚɦɭ ɑɨɝɨ ɧɚɜɱɚɽ ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɫɶɤɚ ɪɟɥɿɝɿɹ" əɤɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɿɫɥɚɦɭ" 2. ɑɨɦɭ ɫɚɦɟ Ⱥɪɚɜɿɹ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɤɨɥɢɫɤɨɸ ɧɨɜɨʀ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɨʀ ɪɟɥɿɝɿʀ" ɑɨɦɭ ɿɫɥɚɦ ɞɨɫɢɬɶ ɲɜɢɞɤɨ ɩɨɲɢɪɢɜɫɹ ɫɟɪɟɞ ɚɪɚɛɫɶɤɢɯ ɩɥɟɦɟɧ" 3. Ʉɭɞɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɿ ɜɨɽɧɧɿ ɩɨɯɨɞɢ ɚɪɚɛɿɜ" əɤɿ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ʀɦ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɹ ɡɚɜɨɸɜɚɬɢ" ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɱɨɦɭ ɚɪɚɛɫɶɤɿ ɡɚɜɨɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɛɭɥɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɿ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɲɜɢɞɤɨ ɿ ɡ ɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɢɦɢ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ 4. Ɂɚ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɥɿɮɚ ɛɭɥɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɿ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɿ ɡɚɜɨɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɪɚɛɿɜ" 5. əɤɿ ɛɢɬɜɢ ɩɨɤɥɚɥɢ ɤɪɚɣ ɩɪɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɸ ɚɪɚɛɿɜ ɭ ȯɜɪɨɩɭ" 6. ɓɨ ɡɭɦɨɜɢɥɨ ɪɨɡɩɚɞ ɿ ɡɚɧɟɩɚɞ Ⱥɪɚɛɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɥɿɮɚɬɭ" Ʉɨɥɢ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɢɜ ɫɜɨɽ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ Ⱥɪɚɛɫɶɤɢɣ ɯɚɥɿɮɚɬ" 7. Ɂɚɜɞɹɤɢ ɱɨɦɭ ɚɪɚɛɫɶɤɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɞɨɫɹɝɥɚ ɡɞɨɛɭɬɤɿɜ" əɤɿ ʀʀ ɜɢɬɨɤɢ" 8. ɑɢɦ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɧɢɣ ɥɚɞ ɯɚɥɿɮɚɬɭ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɜɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɥɚɞɭ Ɏɪɚɧɤɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɬɜɚ ɡɚ ɱɚɫɿɜ ɏɥɨɞɜɿɝɚ" ɊɋȻɅɍɃɒɈɀ ɂȻɈɚɍɍɚ Ƚɪɦɣɝ ɪɠɫɳɣɰ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɰ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɤ ɨɛ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɮ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ ɇɠɭɛ Ƚɣɢɨɛɲɣɭɣ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɪɠɫɳɣɰ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɰ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɤ ɨɛ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɮ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ ɐʀɟ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ ɋɩɢɞɦɺɨɷɭɠ ɥɛɫɭɮ ʀ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɭɠ Ȼ ɚɥʀ ɫɠɞʀɩɨɣ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɩɰɩɪɣɦɣ ɬɝɩʁɧ Ⱥɚɯɟɧ ɝɪɦɣɝɩɧ ɭɫɣ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɋɛɨɨɷɩɞɩ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤ Ɋɢɦ ɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩ Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɨɩɨɥɶ ɞɩ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɤ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭ " ȼ ɚɥʀ ɫɠɞʀɩɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɭɣɨɩɧ ʁɰɨʀɰ ʀɨ Ⱦɚɦɚɫɤ ɭɠɫɠɬʀɝ ɝɪɦɣɝɮ " ȯɪɭɫɚɥɢɦ Ƚ ɚɥɛ ɢ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɤ ɪɫɩʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɨɛɤɟɩɝ ɳɠ" ȿɛɤɭɠ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟʀ ɨɛ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ Ȼ ɒɣ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝɝɛɡɛɭɣ ɥɩɨɯɦʀɥɭ ɧʀɡ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺɧɣ ɫɠɦʀɞʀɤɨɣɧ" Ɍɝɩɹ ɟɮɧɥɮ ɩɜ ʊɫɮɨɭɮɤɭɠ ȼ ɚɥʀ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɨʀ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɥɣ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝɝɛɡɛɭɣ ɬɣɧɝɩɦɩɧ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭɮ" ɉɜɞɩɝɩɫʀɭɷ ɮ ɞɫɮɪɛɰ ɚɥ ɝɪɦɣɨɮɦɣ ɭɫɣ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɫɛɨɨɷɩɞɩ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɨɛ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɣɤ ɫɩɢ ɝɣɭɩɥ " Ȼ ɫɠɦʀɞʀʁ ȼ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ Ƚ ɬɩɱʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨ ɂɫɩɜʀɭɷ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɩɥ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ ɟɩ ɧɠɭɣ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ

Óçàãàëüíåííÿ çà òåìîþ

Ɂɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɭɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɟɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɬɟɦɨɸ ©ɇɚɪɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɿɬɭ Ɉɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɣɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭª

1. ɑɨɦɭ ɥɿɦɟɫ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɜ ɫɟɪɣɨɡɧɨɸ ɩɟɪɟɲɤɨɞɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɜɚɪɜɚɪɿɜ ɭ ɦɟɠɿ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɨʀ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ" 2. ɑɨɦɭ ɩɚɥɚɰɨɜɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɪɨɬ ɪ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɤɿɧɰɟɦ Ɂɚɯɿɞɧɨʀ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɨʀ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ" 3. ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɱɨɦɭ ɜ ȱɬɚɥɿʀ ɨɫɬɝɨɬɢ ɿ ɪɢɦɥɹɧɢ ɧɟ ɨɛ¶ɽɞɧɚɥɢɫɹ ɜ ɨɞɢɧ ɧɚɪɨɞ ɚ ɮɪɚɧɤɢ ɿ ʉɚɥɥɨ ɪɢɦɫɶɤɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɫɢɬɶ ɲɜɢɞɤɨ ɨɛ¶ɽɞɧɚɥɢɫɹ ɦɿɠ ɫɨɛɨɸ 4. ɏɥɨɞɜɿɝ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɢɣ ɱɚɫ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɹɜɫɹ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɢ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɬɜɨ ɧɟɡɜɚɠɚɸɱɢ ɧɚ ɜɫɿ ɜɦɨɜɥɹɧɧɹ ɞɪɭɠɢɧɢ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɤɢ əɤ ɜɢ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɟ ɹɤɿ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɢ ©ɡɚª ɣ ©ɩɪɨɬɢª ɳɨɞɨ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɬɜɚ ɛɭɥɢ ɜ ɏɥɨɞɜɿɝɚ" 5. ɋɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɭ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɿɣ ɡ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ Ɏɪɚɧɤɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɬɜɚ ɬɚ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ Ʉɚɪɥɚ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ 6. ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɿ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɿɜ ©ȼɟɥɢɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɪɨɞɿɜª ©ɦɿɝɪɚɰɿɹª ©ɜɚɪɜɚɪɫɶɤɿ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɬɜɚª ©ɯɚɥɿɮɚɬ ©ɚɪɚɛɫɶɤɢɣ ɫɜɿɬª ©ɿɫɥɚɦª ©Ʉɨɪɚɧª ©ɜɚɫɢɥɟɜɫª ©ɿɦɩɟɪɿɹ ©ɚɪɚɛɟɫɤɢª ©ɿɤɨɧɨɛɨɪɫɬɜɨª 7. ɋɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɡ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɧɢɯ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɞɿɹɱɿɜ ɏɥɨɞɜɿɝɚ Ʉɚɪɥɚ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ Ɇɭɯɚɦɦɟɞɚ ɘɫɬɢɧɿɚɧɚ ȱ ȼɚɫɢɥɿɹ ȱȱ Ȼɨɥɝɚɪɨɛɿɣɰɹ 8. ɑɢ ɛɭɜ ȼɟɪɞɟɧɫɶɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɿɥ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ Ʉɚɪɥɚ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɢɦ ɹɜɢɳɟɦ" 9. Ɂɚɜɞɹɤɢ ɱɨɦɭ ɮɪɚɧɤɢ ɬɚ ɜɿɡɚɧɬɿɣɰɿ ɡɭɩɢɧɢɥɢ ɚɪɚɛɫɶɤɿ ɡɚɜɨɸɜɚɧɧɹ" 10. ɇɟɡɚɛɚɪɨɦ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɫɦɟɪɬɿ ɘɫɬɢɧɿɚɧɚ ȱ ȼɿɡɚɧɬɿɹ ɜɬɪɚɬɢɥɚ ɛɿɥɶɲɿɫɬɶ ɿɡ ɬɨɝɨ ɳɨ ɛɭɥɨ ɧɢɦ ɡɚɜɨɣɨɜɚɧɨ ɉɨɦɿɪɤɭɣɬɟ ɳɨ ɡɚɜɚɞɢɥɨ ɜɿɡɚɧɬɿɣɰɹɦ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɢɬɢ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɭ ɿɦɩɟɪɿɸ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɲɧɿɯ ʀʀ ɦɟɠɚɯ" 11. Ɋɨɡɲɢɮɪɭɣɬɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɢɣ ɜɢɫɥɿɜ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɤɚ ɇ Ⱦɟɣɜɿɫɚ ©ȼɿɡɚɧɬɿɣɫɶɤɚ ɿɦɩɟɪɿɹ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɜɢɝɧɚɧɧɹ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɶɤɢɯ ɿɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɿɜ ɫɤɢɞɚɥɚɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɿɧɶ ɜɥɚɫɧɨʀ ɬɿɧɿª 12. ɇɚ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɿ ɠɢɬɬɹ Ɇɭɯɚɦɦɟɞɚ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɫɭɬɶ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ ©ɧɟɦɚɽ ɩɪɨɪɨɤɚ ɭ ɫɜɨʀɣ ɜɿɬɱɢɡɧɿª 13. ɑɢɦ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɢ ɲɜɢɞɤɟ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɧɹ ɿɫɥɚɦɭ ɫɟɪɟɞ ɚɪɚɛɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɿɞɤɨɪɟɧɢɯ ɧɢɦɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɿɜ" 14. ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣɬɟ ɚɪɚɛɫɶɤɿ ɡɚɜɨɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɡ ɧɚɜɚɥɨɸ ɜɚɪɜɚɪɿɜ ɧɚ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɭ ɿɦɩɟɪɿɸ ɑɨɝɨ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɨɝɨ ɱɢ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɝɨ" 15. ɑɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɬɢ ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɫɶɤɭ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɚɪɚɛɫɶɤɨɸ" ɋɜɨɸ ɞɭɦɤɭ ɨɛʉɪɭɧɬɭɣɬɟ

Ɏɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɠɨɨɺ ɢɛ ɭɠɧɩɹ

16. ɑɨɦɭ ɤɚɥɿɝɪɚɮɿɹ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɿɡ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɢɯ ɦɢɫɬɟɰɬɜ ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧ" 17. ɑɨɦɭ ɞɨɥɿ Ɂɚɯɿɞɧɨʀ ȯɜɪɨɩɢ ɣ ȼɿɡɚɧɬɿʀ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɥɟɠɧɨ ɪɿɡɧɢɦɢ ɩɟɪɲɚ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɧɚɛɢɪɚɥɚ ɫɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɚ ² ɯɢɥɢɥɚɫɹ ɞɨ ɡɚɧɟɩɚɞɭ" 18. ȼɢɤɨɧɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɸ ɤɚɪɬɨɸ ɉɨɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɜɚɪɜɚɪɫɶɤɿ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɬɜɚ ɳɨ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɢɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɟɧɚɯ Ɂɚɯɿɞɧɨʀ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɨʀ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɳɨ ɡɚɯɨɩɢɥɢ ɮɪɚɧɤɢ ɩɿɫɥɹ ʀɯ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɦɟɠɿ Ɋɟɣɧɭ ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɹɤɢɯ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯ ɤɪɚʀɧ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɭɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɿɦɩɟɪɿɹ Ʉɚɪɥɚ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɍɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɦɟɠɿ ɩɨɞɿɥɭ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ Ʉɚɪɥɚ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ Ɉɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ ɦɟɠɿ ɚɪɚɛɫɶɤɢɯ ɡɚɜɨɸɜɚɧɶ Ɉɛɜɟɞɿɬɶ ɤɨɪɞɨɧɢ ȼɿɡɚɧɬɿɣɫɶɤɨʀ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ ɭ ɱɚɫ ʀʀ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɲɢɪɟɧɧɹ əɤɿ ɧɚɪɨɞɢ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɭɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɩɚɞɳɢɧɭ ȼɿɡɚɧɬɿʀ"

Çàâäàííÿ äëÿ òåìàòè÷íîãî îö³íþâàííÿ 1.

ɍ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɦɿɫɬɿ ɜ ɪ ɛɭɜ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɿɪ ɩɪɨ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥ Ɏɪɚɧɤɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɦɿɠ ɨɧɭɤɚɦɢ Ʉɚɪɥɚ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ" Ȼ Ȼɛɰɠɨ

2.

Ƚ Ƚɠɫɟɠɨ

Ⱦ ɋɛɝɠɨɨɛ

əɤɿ ɩɥɟɦɟɧɚ ɫɬɜɨɪɢɥɢ ɧɚɣɦɨɝɭɬɧɿɲɭ ɜɚɪɜɚɪɫɶɤɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɭ ɭ Ɂɚɯɿɞɧɿɣ ȯɜɪɨɩɿ ɳɨ ɡɝɨɞɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɧɚ ɿɦɩɟɪɿɸ" Ȼ ɩɬɭɞɩɭɣ

3.

ȼ Ɋɛɫɣɡ

ȼ ɝɛɨɟɛɦɣ

Ƚ ɜɮɫɞɮɨɟɣ

əɤɚ ɩɨɞɿɹ ɞɚɥɚ ɩɨɲɬɨɜɯ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɟɧɧɸ ɧɚɪɨɞɿɜ ɭ ȱ9±9ȱ ɫɬ " Ȼ ɨɛɝɛɦɛ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɰ ɩɫɟ ɞɮɨʀɝ ȼ ɪɩɟʀɦ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɨɛ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɮ ʀ Ɍɰʀɟɨɮ Ƚ ɮɭɝɠɫɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɝ ɋɣɧɬɷɥʀɤ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ⱦ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɠɨɨɺ ɞɩɭɛɧɣ ɋɣɧɮ

4.

əɤɢɣ ɤɨɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɜɟɪɧɭɜ ɮɪɚɧɤɿɜ ɞɨ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɬɜɚ" Ȼ ɐʀɦɷɪɠɫɣɥ Ƚ Ɋʀɪʀɨ Ʌɩɫɩɭɥɣɤ

5.

Ⱦ ɯɫɛɨɥɣ

ȼ ɐɦɩɟɝʀɞ Ⱦ Ʌɛɫɦ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ

ɇɚ ɮɨɬɨ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɤɿɧɧɭ ɫɬɚɬɭɸ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɚ Ȼ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭɮ ȼ ɏɫɛɨɥɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ƚ Ɍɝɺɴɠɨɨɩʁ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ⱦ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ

əɤɢɣ ɧɚɪɨɞ ɱɢɧɢɜ ɧɚɣɞɨɜɲɢɣ ɨɩɿɪ Ʉɚɪɥɭ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɦɭ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɣɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɨɣɨɜɧɢɰɶɤɢɯ ɩɨɯɨɞɿɜ" Ȼ ɬɛɥɬɣ

ȼ ɛɝɛɫɣ

Ƚ ɞɩɭɣ

Ⱦ ɦɛɨɞɩɜɛɫɟɣ

ɍ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɿɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ȼɿɡɚɧɬɿɹ ɞɨɫɹɝɥɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɲɢɪɟɧɧɹ" Ȼ əɬɭɣɨʀɛɨɛ Ȳ

Ƚ ɉɦɠɥɬʀɺ Ȳ Ʌɩɧɨʀɨɛ

ȼ Ʌɩɨɭɛɨɭɣɨɛ ȼɛɞɫɺɨɩɫɩɟɨɩɞɩ Ⱦ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɛ ɐȲ

Ȼɿɥɹ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɦɿɫɬɚ ɬɭɪɤɢ ɫɟɥɶɞɠɭɤɢ ɭ ɪ ɪɨɡɛɢɥɢ ɜɿɡɚɧɬɿɣɫɶɤɿ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɚ ɳɨ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ʀɦ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɬɢ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɭ ² ȱɤɨɧɿɣɫɶɤɢɣ ɫɭɥɬɚɧɚɬ" Ȼ Ȼɨɥɛɫɛ ȼ ɇɛɨɱɣɥɠɫɭ Ƚ Ȼɨɭʀɩɰʀɺ Ⱦ ɀɟɠɬɛ

Ɂɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɯɪɚɦ ɛɭɜ ɨɤɪɚɫɨɸ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɿ Ȼ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ȼ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭɮ Ƚ ɏɫɛɨɥɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ⱦ Ɍɝɺɴɠɨɨɩʁ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ

ȼɿɞ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɤɭ ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɢ ɜɟɞɭɬɶ ɫɜɨɽ ɥɿɬɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɹ" Ȼ ɫ ȼ ɫ Ƚ ɫ Ⱦ ɫ

ɇɚ ɹɤɿɣ ɤɚɪɬɿ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɋɯɿɞɧɭ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɭ ɿɦɩɟɪɿɸ"

Ȼ

ȼ

B

Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɿɡ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɿɜ ɚɪɚɛɫɶɤɢɯ ɡɚɜɨɸɜɚɧɶ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɧɹ Ȼ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ȼ ʀɬɦɛɧɮ Ƚ ɜɮɟɟɣɢɧɮ Ⱦ ɪɩɞɛɨɬɭɝɛ

Ⱦ

Ðîçä³ë ²I

CÅÐÅÄÍÜβ×ÍÈÉ ÑÂ²Ò ÇÀÕ²ÄÍί ªÂÐÎÏÈ

§ 6. Ëþäèíà â Ñåðåäíüîâ³÷÷³ Ƚɪɦɣɝ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɮɧɩɝ ʀ ɥɦʀ ɧɛɭɮ ɨɛ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ɇɹɟɣɨɛ ɝ ɟɩɜɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɨɛɟɢɝɣ ɲɛɤɨɩ ɢɛɦɠɡɛɦɛ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɛɟɡɠ ɬɛɧɠ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɛ ɟɛɝɛɦɛ ɦɹɟɣɨʀ ɪɫɩɟɮɥɭɣ ɰɛɫɲɮ ɝɛɨɨɺ ɝɩɟɮ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦ ɟɦɺ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɢɨɛɫɺɟɷ ɪɫɛɱʀ Ɍɛɧɠ ɝʀɟ ɬɪɫɣɺɭɦɣɝɩʁ ɪɩɞɩɟɣ ɢɛɦɠɡɛɝ ɴɠɟɫɣɤ ɮɫɩɡɛɤ ȿɩɴʀ ɢ ɞɫɛɟɩɧ ɪɩɬɮɰɣ ɲɣ ɪɩɝɠɨʀ ɜɮɫɠɝʀʁ ɲɣ ɢɛɧɩɫɩɢɥɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɩ ɝʀɬɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɞɩɦɩɟɮ ɍɩɧɮ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɝʀɟɲɮɝɛ ɉɦɠɨɷ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɛ ɞɫɛɝɹɫɛ

ɦɛ ɬɝɩɹ ɬɦɛɜɥʀɬɭɷ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɩɹ Ʌɦʀ ɧɛɭ ɨɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɬɣɦɷɨɩ ɝɪɦɣɝɛɝ ɨɛ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ Ƚɬɠ Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɮ Ȱɝ ɴɩ ɝɩɨɛ ɬɪɩɡɣɝɛɦɛ ɝ ʁɡɮ ɩɟɺɞɛɦɛɬɺ ɢ ɫɩɪʀ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɢɧʀɨɹɝɛɝɬɺ ɭɩ ɲɩɞɩ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɦɛ ɬɝɩɾ ɡɣɭɦɩ ɢɛɦɠɡɛɦɩ ɝʀɟ ɰɩɦɩɟɨʀɳɛɦɩ ɭɩ ɭɠɪɦʀɳɛɦɩ Ɋɩɰɩ ɪɩɞɩɟɨɩ ɥɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɮɧɩɝ ɑɠ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɦɩɟɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɪɩɬɮɳɦɣɝɣɤ ɥɦʀ ɲɠɫɞɩɹ ɧɛɦɩ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɥɮɦɷɭɮ ɧɛɭ ɮ ,9 ɬɭ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɩɹ Ƚɠ ɫɣ ʀ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɮ ɭɩɞɩ ɲɣ ʀɨɳɩɞɩ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ Ɉɛ ɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨʀ ɨɛɫɩɟɣ ɥɩɭɫʀ ɪɫɩɡɣɝɛ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɦɩɬɺ ɢɨɛɲɨɠ ɪɩ ɭɠɪɦʀɨɨɺ Ƚɝɛɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɴɩ ɝ ;, ɬɭ ɹɭɷ ɮ ɰɩɦɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɪɩɺɬʀ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɬɭɫɣɧɛɨʀ ɭɛ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɮ ɨɛɞɛɟɮɝɛɝ ɬɮ ɪɫɛɱɷɩɝɣɭʀ ɛ ɦɹɟɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɭɠɧ ɲɛɬɨɣɤ ɪɠɫɛɧɠɨɭɨʀ Ɏ ;,,,²;,9 ɬɭ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɩɬɺ ɫʀɢɥɠ Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɮ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɝɛɝ ɪɩɰɩɦɩɟɛɨɨɺ ɺɥɠ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɩ ɛɡ ɟɩ ɭɩɟʀ ɦɛɨɟɳɛɯɭ ɍɛɥ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɨʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɬɪɫɣ ;9ȲȲ ɬɭ ɺɦɣ ɪɩɺɝʀ ɬʀɦ ɛ ɪɩɫʀɢɛɨɣɤ ɫɠɦɷɾɯ ɢɧɮɳɮ ɝɛɝ ɟɩ ɰɮɭɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɟɫɩɜɦɠɨ ɨɺ ɫʀɦɦʀ Ɇɹɟɣɨɛ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɨɛɟɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɬɣɦɷɨɩ ɢɛɦɠɡɛɦɛ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɣɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɠ ɫɠɟɩɝɣɴɛ ɛɦɠ ɝɬɠ ɡ ɭɛɥɣ ɝɡɠ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɝɧʀɦɛ ɪɫɣɬɭɩɬɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɩ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɩɭɫɠɜ Ɋɩɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɜʀɦɺ ɫʀɥ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɜʀɦɺ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ ɝɩɟɣ ɞɩɫɩɟɣɴɛ ʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ³ ɨɛ ɪɛɞɩɫɜɛɰ ɟɦɺ ɢɛɰɣɬɭɮ ɝʀɟ ɝɩɫɩɡɣɰ ɝɭɩɫɞɨɠɨɷ ɂɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɦʀɬɮ ɟɦɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ Ɏ ɫɛɨɨɷɩɧɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲʀ 9²ɐ ɬɭ ɥɩɦɣ ɥɦʀɧɛɭ ɪɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɢ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɲɛ ɬɛɧɣ ɬɭɛɝ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɝɩɦɩɞɣɧ ʀ ɭɠɪɦɣɧ ɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɜɮɦɛ ɝɥɫɣɭɛ ɦʀɬɛɧɣ Ɇʀɬ ɮ ɭʀ ɲɛɬɣ ³ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɠ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ʀ ɟɩɰɩɟʀɝ ɍɛɧ ɪɛɬɦɣ ɰɮɟɩɜɮ ɝʀɟɞɩɟɩɝɮ ɝɛɦɣ ɡɩɦɮɟɺɧɣ ɬɝɣɨɠɤ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɬɠɦɺɨɣɨ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɝ ɨɛ ɢɣɧɮ ɞɛɫɛɨɭɩɝɛ

Ɇɹɟɣɨɛ ɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲʀ

ɨɣɤ ɢɛɪɛɬ ɧ·ɺɬɨɩʁ ʁɡʀ Ɏ ɦʀɬʀ ɢɛɞɩɭɩɝɦɺɦɣ ɬɺ ɟɫɩɝɛ ɟɦɺ ɩɪɛɦɠɨɨɺ ɤ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɺɦɩɬɺ ɟɠɫɠɝɨɠ ɝɮɞʀɦɦɺ ³ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɤ ɥɩɧɪɩɨɠɨɭ ɟɦɺ ɝɣɫɩɜɨɣɱɭɝɛ ɢɛɦʀɢɨɣɰ ɢɨɛɫɺɟɷ ɪɫɛɱʀ ɭɛ ɢɜɫɩʁ Ɇʀɬ ɟɛɝɛɝ ʀ ɜɮɟʀɝɠɦɷɨʀ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɣ Ɏ ɦʀɬʀ ɢɜɣɫɛɦɣ ɝɬʀɦɺɥʀ ɬɧɩɦɣɬɭʀ ɫɠ ɲɩɝɣɨɣ ɟɦɺ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɧɩɦɩɬɥɣɪʀɝ ɍɮɭ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɢɛɞɩɭɩɝɦɺɦɣ ɥɩɫɮ ɟɮɜɛ ɜɠɢ ɺɥɩʁ ɨɠɧɩɡɦɣɝɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɜ ɝɣɲɣɨɺɭɣ ɳɥɮɫɣ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ Ɋɩɪʀɦ ɬɪɛɦɠɨɣɰ ɥɮɴʀɝ ɪʀɟɦʀɬɥɮ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɟɦɺ ɝʀɟɜʀɦɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɛɜɩ ɯɛɫɜɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɭɥɛɨɣɨ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɮ ɦʀɬʀ ɤ ɨɛ Ɋɩɦɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ ;9 ɬɭ

ɞɛɦɺɝɣɨɛɰ ɢɜɣɫɛɦɣ ɦʀɥɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɣ ³ ɾɟɣɨʀ ɦʀɥɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɢɛɬɩɜɣ ɭɣɰ ɲɛɬʀɝ Ɇʀɬ ɜɮɝ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɧʀɬɱɠɧ ɪɩɦɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɂɛɞɛɦɩɧ ɦʀɬ ɟɛɝɛɝ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɩɬɭʀɤ ɦɹ ɟɣɨʀ ɝɣɡɣɭɣ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɮ ɞɩɦɩɟɨʀ ɫɩɥɣ ɺɥʀ ɭɫɛɪɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɔɠ ɝ ;,, ² ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ;,,, ɬɭ ɟɩ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɝɥɫɣɝɛɦɣ ɦʀɬɣ Ȳɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɟɠɬɺɭɥɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɦʀɬɩɝɣɰ ɧɛɬɣɝʀɝ ɥɩɡɠɨ ɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɢɛɤɧɛɝ ɬɩɭɨʀ ɭɣɬɺɲ ɞɠɥɭɛɫʀɝ Ƚɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧɣ ɢɛɪɛɬɛ ɧɣ ɨɠɥɮɦɷɭɣɝɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɨɠɢɛɬɠɦɠɨɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɤ

Ɇɨɜɨɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

Ʉɚɩɿɬɭɥɹɪɿɣ ȼɿɥɿɫɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɨɤ ȱɏ ɫɬ

ɏɚɣ ɝɚɪɧɨ ɫɥɿɞɤɭɸɬɶ ɡɚ ɧɚɲɢɦɢ ɥɿɫɚɦɢ ɿ ɝɚɹɦɢ ɿ ɬɚɦ ɞɟ ɽ ɦɿɫɰɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɡɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɯɚɣ ɧɚɲɿ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɢ ɰɟ ɡɪɨɛɥɹɬɶ ɿ ɯɚɣ ɜɨɧɢ ɞɢɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɬɢɦ ɳɨɛ ɩɨɥɹ ɧɟ ɡɚɯɨɩɥɸɜɚɥɢ ɥɿɫɢ ɿ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɛɭɬɢ ɬɚɤɿ ɥɿɫɢ ɞɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɛɚɝɚɬɨ ɪɭɛɚɬɢ ɞɟɪɟɜ ɚɛɨ ɡɚɜɞɚɜɚɬɢ ʀɦ ɿɧɲɨʀ ɲɤɨɞɢ ɿ ɯɚɣ ɜɨɧɢ ɫɥɿɞɤɭɸɬɶ ɡɚ ɞɢɱɢɧɨɸ ɜ ɥɿɫɿ ɿ ɯɚɣ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜɿɡɶɦɭɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɹɫɬɪɭɛɢ ɿ ɲɭɥɿɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɲɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɯɚɣ ɡɛɢɪɚɸɬɶ ɨɩɥɚɬɭ ɹɤɚ ɧɚɦ ɧɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɰɟ ȱ ɯɚɣ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɢ ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɩɚɫɭɬɶ ɫɜɢɧɟɣ ɭ ɥɿɫɿ ɯɚɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɿ ɱɢ ʀɯɧɿ ɥɸɞɢ ɯɚɣ ɜɨɧɢ ɩɟɪɲɿ ɡɚɩɥɚɬɹɬɶ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɧɭ ɬɚɤ ɳɨɛ ɞɚɬɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɿɧɲɢɦ ɳɨɛ ɩɨɬɿɦ ɣ ɿɧɲɿ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɡɚɩɥɚɬɢɥɢ əɤɿ ɧɚɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɞɚɽ ɫɟɧɶɣɨɪ ɫɜɨʀɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦ" əɤ ɫɟɧɶɣɨɪ ɫɬɚɜɢɜɫɹ ɞɨ ɥɿɫɭ" ɑɢɦ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɢ ɬɚɤɟ ɣɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ"

Ɏ ɭɩɤ ɡɠ ɲɛɬ ɦʀɬ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɝ ɝɣɞɛɟɛɨɮ ɲɣ ɬɪɫɛɝɡɨɹ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɥɮ Ƚʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨ ɭɩɧ ɟɦɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɩɧ ɧʀɡ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺɧɣ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫʀɝ Ȳɢ ɦʀɬɮ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɞɩɦɩɟɨʀ ɝɩɝɥɣ ɫɩɢɜʀɤɨɣɥɣ ʀ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥɣ Ɉɠ ɟɣɝɨɩ ɴɩ ɝ ɥɛɢɥɛɰ ʀ ɦɠɞɠɨɟɛɰ ɭɣɰ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɦʀɬ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɠɳɥɛɨɱʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɩɝɣɧɣ ɪɠɫɬɩɨɛɡɛɧɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɦʀɬɩɝɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɜɮɦɣ ɫɩɢɥɣɟɛɨʀ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɪɩɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɺɥɣɰ ɪɫɣɦɺ ɞɛɦɣ ɥɦɛɪɭɣɥɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ɉɛ ɨɣɰ ɝɣɫɩɴɮɝɛɦɣ ɞɩɫɩɟɣɨɮ ɜɩɜɩɝʀ ɭɛ ɢɠɫɨɩɝʀ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ X ɓɨ ɥɿɫ ɞɚɜɚɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɿɣ ɥɸɞɢɧɿ"

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

Ɉɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɇʀɞɫɛɱʀʁ Ɇɣɰɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ Ȱɝɫɩɪɮ ɢɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɝʀɥʀɝ ɨɛɬɠɦɺɦɣ ɫɩ ɧɛɨʀɢɩɝɛɨʀ ɨɛɫɩɟɣ ɥɩɦɣɳɨɷɩʁ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɞɫɠɥɣ ɥɠɦɷɭɣ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɱʀ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺ ɨɣ ɯɫɛɥʀɤɱʀ ɜɛɦɭɣ ɮɞɫɩ ɯʀɨɣ Ɏɲɠɨʀ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɴɩ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɫɩɢɪɛɟɮ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧ ɪɠɫʀʁ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɬɥɩɫɩɭɣɦɛɬɺ ɐɝɩɫʀ ɨɛ ɲɮɧɮ

ȿɩɿɞɟɦɿɹ ² ɯɜɨɪɨɛɚ ɹɤɚ ɡɚ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɦɿɠɨɤ ɱɚɫɭ ɨɯɨɩɥɸɽ ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɦɚɫɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɲɢɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ

Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɧɣ ɦɣɰɛɧɣ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɝʀɥʀɝ ɜɮɦɣ ɞɩɦɩɟ ɰɝɩɫɩɜɣ ɠɪʀɟɠɧʀʁ ɭɛ ɝʀɤ ɨɣ Ɋɩɬɭʀɤɨɛ ɢɛɞɫɩɢɛ ɞɩɦɩɟɮ ³ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɛ ɫɣɬɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ Ɉɠɟɩɬɭɛɭɨʀɤ ɫʀɝɠɨɷ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɭɠɰɨʀɥɣ ɪɫɣɢɝɩɟɣɝ ɟɩ ɨɣɢɷɥɣɰ ɮɫɩɡɛʁɝ Ɍɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɠ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɣɰ ɬɠɦɺɨ ³ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɝɣɫɩɜɨɣɥʀɝ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɫɩɟɮɥɱʀʁ ³ ɨɠ ɬɪɩɨɮɥɛɦɩ ʁɰ ɟɩ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɠɨɨɺ ɝɫɩɡɛʁɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɛ Ȱɝɫɩɪɛ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɛ ɨɛ ɧɠɡʀ ɞɩɦɩɟɮ ɍʀ ɰɭɩ ɨɠ ɞɣɨɮɝ ɝʀɟ ɞɩɦɩɟɮ ɬɭɫɛɡɟɛɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɰɝɩɫɩɜ Ɋɩɞɛɨɠ ɰɛɫɲɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɠɺɥʀɬ ɨʀ ɪɫɩɟɮɥɭɣ ɝʀɟɬɮɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɮɺɝɦɠɨɷ ɪɫɩ ɞʀɞʀɾɨɮ ɜɫɛɥ ɠɦɠɧɠɨɭɛɫɨɩʁ ɧɠɟɣɲɨɩʁ ɟɩɪɩ ɧɩɞɣ ɫɩɜɣɦɣ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɮ ɦɹɟɣɨɮ ɝɥɫɛɤ ɮɫɛɢɦɣɝɩɹ ɟɩ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɢɛɰɝɩɫɹɝɛɨɷ ³

Ɇɹɟɣɨɛ ɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲʀ

ɭɮɜɠɫɥɮɦɷɩɢɮ ɪɫɩɥɛɢɣ ɰɩɦɠɫɣ ɟɣɢɠɨɭɠɫʀʁ ɭɣɯɮ Ȼɦɠ ɨɛɤɬɭɫɛɳɨʀɳɩɹ ɨɠɟɮɞɩɹ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɛɬɺ ɲɮɧɛ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ʁʁ ɠɪʀɟɠɧʀɺ ɝɫɛɢɣɦɛ Ȱɝɫɩɪɮ ɝ ² ɫɫ ȼɠɢɪɩɫɛɟɨʀ ɭɛ ɢɨɠɝʀɫɠɨʀ ɦɹɟɣ ɝɜɛɲɛɦɣ ɝ ɨɣɰ ȼɩɡɮ ɥɛɫɮ ʀ ɢɝɠɫɭɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɩ ɟɩɪɩ ɧɩɞɮ ɟɩ ɬɝɺɭɣɰ Ƚɝɛɡɛɦɩɬɺ ɴɩ ɪɛɦɩɧɨɣɱɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɩɭɣɥ ɟɩ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɧɩɴɠɤ ɝɣɦʀɥɩɝɮɾ ɰɝɩɫɩɜɣ Ɉɠ ɧɠɨɳ ɥɛɭɛɬɭɫɩɯʀɲɨʀ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɝʀɤɨɣ ȼɩɤɩɝʀ ɟʀʁ ɢɧɠɨɳɮɝɛɦɣ ɛɜɩ ɪɩɝ ɨʀɬɭɹ ɢɨɣɴɮɝɛɦɣ ɧʀɢɠɫɨʀ ɢɛɪɛɬɣ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɩɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɟɩɝɩɟɣɦɣ ɟɩ ɡɠɜɫɛɱɭɝɛ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɪɩɬɦɛɜɦɹɹɲɣ ʁɰɨɹ ɢɟɛɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɩɭɣɬɭɩɺɭɣ ɰɝɩɫɩɜɛɧ ɤ ɠɪʀɟɠɧʀɺɧ Ɏɬʀ ɦɣɰɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɪɫɣɢɝɩɟɣɦɣ ɟɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɺ ɭɫɣɝɛɦʀɬɭɷ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɦɛ ² ɫɩɥɣ Ɇʀɬɩɝɠ ɬɠɫɠɟɩɝɣɴɠ ɮ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɡɣɦɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɹɝɛɦɩ ʁʁ ɩɜ ɧɠɡɠɨɣɤ ɥɫɮɞɩɢʀɫ Ȼɦɠ ɱɠ ɨɠ ɾ ɬɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩ ɦɹɟɣ ɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɟɩ ɧɮɝɛɦɷɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɪɫɣɝ·ɺɢɛɨɣɧɣ ɟɩ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ɝɠɬɷ ɲɛɬ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɩ ɝ ɫɮɬʀ Ƚʀɟɜɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɣɤ ɪɫɩɱɠɬ ɧʀɞɫɛɱʀʁ ɔɩ ɳɭɩɝɰɛɦɩ ɱɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɮ ɟɩɝɞɣɤ ʀ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɲɨɣɤ ɳɦɺɰ" Ɋɫɣɲɣɨ ɜɮɦɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ² ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ Ɇɿɝɪɚɰɿɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɿɦɢ ɥɢɯɚɦɢ ɩɨɲɭɤɚɦɢ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɚɛɨ ɤɪɚɳɢɯ ɭɦɨɜ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɜʀɟɨɣɧ ɚɥ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɩ ɮɬɠ ɧɛɤɨɩ ɢɝɣ ɲɛɤɨɩʁ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɧʀɬɭɣɭɣ ɝ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɭɩɫɜɣɨɥɮ ʀ ɭɩɧɮ ɝ ɪɩɳɮɥɛɰ ɥɫɛɴɩʁ ɟɩɦʀ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɞɩɭɩɝɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɤɭɣ ɬɝʀɭ ɢɛ ɩɲʀ ȿɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɮɬɺ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɦɛ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛɧ ɛ ɬɠɦɺɨɣɨ ɦɣɳɠ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɝ ɨɛ ɨʀɤ Ȳɨɳɛ ɝɠɫɬɭɝɛ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ³ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ ɴɩɜ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɭɣ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɞɩɭɩɝʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɤɭɣ ɝ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɤ ɩɬɠɦɺɭɣɬɺ ɭɛɧ ɟɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɦɣ Ɏ ɟɛɦɠɥɮ ɟɩɫɩɞɮ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɳɭɩɝɰɛɦɩ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɩ ³ ɝɩɨɣ ɤɳɦɣ ɟɩ ɧʀɬɱɷ ɪɛɦɩɧɨɣɱɭɝɛ ɴɩɜ ɬɪɩɥɮɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɞɫʀɰɣ ȿɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɦɹɟɣ ɭʀɥɛɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɠɪʀɟɠɧʀɤ ɰɝɩɫɩɜ ɞɩɦɩɟɮ ɝʀɤɨ ɤ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɨɠɞɛɫɛɢɟʀɝ Ɇɣɳɠ ɢ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɩɧ ɐȲ9 ɬɭ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀ ɬɭɛɹɭɷ ɟɩɧɮɝɛɦɷɨɣɥɛɧɣ X əɤɿ ɥɢɯɚ ɡɚɝɪɨɠɭɜɚɥɢ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɿɣ ɥɸɞɢɧɿ"

Ƚɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɺ ɥɩɦɩɨʀɢɛɱʀɺ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ;, ɬɭ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɩ ɝʀɟɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɴɩ ɤɩɧɮ ɭʀɬɨɩ ɨɛ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭʀ ɓɦɺɰɛɧɣ ɜɦɮɥɛɦɣ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɥɩɝɮɹɲɣ ɟɠ ɢɨɛɤɭɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɮ ɺɥʀɤ ɝʀɤɨʀ ɝɢɺɭɣ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ʀ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɭɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ɍɠɦɺɨɛɧ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɩɲɛɦɩ ɜɫɛɥɮɝɛɭɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɴɩɜ ɪɫɩɞɩɟɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɤ ɝʀɟɟɛɭɣ ɨɛɦɠɡɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɩɝʀ Ɏɬɠ ɱɠ ɢɧɮɳɮɝɛɦɩ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀɝ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɭɣ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɢɠ ɧɠɦɷ ³ ɥɩɦɩɨʀɢɛɱʀɹ ɒɛɬɩɧ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩʁ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɥɩɦɩɨʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɬɭɛɝ ɝɠɬɷ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ;,²;,,, ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ Ƚʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɛɬɷ ɺɥ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɺɥɮ ɜɮɟɠ ɫɩɢɥɛɢɛɨɩ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɺ ɥɩɦɩɨʀɢɛɱʀɺ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

ɤɨɥɨɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɛɭɥɚ ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɨɜɢɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ Ɂɨɜɧɿɲɧɹ ɫɢɥɨɸ ɡɛɪɨʀ ɡɚ ɦɟɠɚɦɢ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɯɿɞɧɨɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɰɢɜɿɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɏɪɟɫɬɨɜɿ ɩɨɯɨɞɢ ɜ ɉɚɥɟɫɬɢɧɭ ɉɪɢɛɚɥɬɢɤɭ Ɋɟɤɨɧɤɿɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɉɿɪɟɧɟɣɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɩɿɜɨɫɬɪɨɜɿ

ȼɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ² ɨɫɜɨɽɧɧɹ ɫɟɥɹɧɚɦɢ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɭ ȯɜɪɨɩɿ

Ɉɛ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɝʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɤ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɨɠ ɜɫɛɥɮɝɛɦɩ Ɋɩɭɫʀɜɨɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɦɣɳɠ ɜɛ ɞɛɭɩ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɭɣ ɟɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩɜ ɝɩɨɣ ɟɛɦɣ ɝɫɩɡɛʁ ɭɛ ɞɩɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɦɹɟɠɤ Ɉɩɝʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɩɬɝɩɹɝɛɦɣ ɢ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧɣ ɭɫɮɟɨɩɴɛɧɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝɣɫɮɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɦʀɬɣ ɩɬɮɳɮɝɛɦɣ ɜɩɦɩɭɛ ɤ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɣ ʁɰ ɨɛ ɫɩɟɹɲʀ ɪɩɦɺ ɑɠɤ ɪɫɩɱɠɬ ɜɮɝ ɟɮɡɠ ɝɛɡɥɣɧ ɝɣɬ ɨɛɡɦɣɝɣɧ ʀ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɧ Ɍɠɨɷɤɩɫɣ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɢɮɬɣɦɦɺ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɛɟɡɠ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɦɣ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɢɠ ɧɠɦɷ ɟɛɬɭɷ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɪɫɩɟɮɥɭʀɝ ɰɛɫɲɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɩ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɝɣɨɣɥɨɮɭɷ ɨɩɝʀ ɬɠɦɛ ɡɣɭɠɦʀ ɺɥɣɰ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɭɣɧɮɭɷ ʁɧ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɣ ʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɴɠ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɢɜɛɞɛɭʀɹɭɷ ɍɩɧɮ ɯɠ ɩɟɛɦɣ ɢɛɩɰɩɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɟɩ ɩɜɫɩɜʀɭɥɮ ɱʀɦɣɨɨɣɰ ɝʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɨɠɢɛɤɧɛɨɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɺɹɲɣ ʁɰ ɨɛ ɪɠɝɨɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɝʀɟ ɬɪɦɛɭɣ ɪɩɟɛɭɥʀɝ Ɏ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɫɛɤɩɨʀɝ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɭɫɣɪʀɦɦɺ Ɍɝɩɹ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɬɠɦɺɨɣɨ ɟʀɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɭɫɣ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ Ɋɠɫɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɢ ɩɬɠɨʀ ɢɛɬʀɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɩɢɣɧɣɧɣ ɥɮɦɷ ɭɮɫɛɧɣ ȿɫɮɞɛ ³ ɨɛɝɠɬɨʀ ɺɫɩɝɣɧɣ ɍɫɠɭɺ ³ ɝʀɟɪɩɲɣɝɛɦɛ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɜɮɦɛ ɪʀɟ ɪɛɫɩɧ Ɉɛɬɭɮɪɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɪɩɦɠ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɣ ɪʀɟ ɪɛɫ ɟɫɮɞɠ ɢɛɬʀɝɛɦɣ ɩɢɣɧɣɧɣ ɛ ɭɫɠ ɭɾ ³ ɺɫɩɝɣɧɣ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛɧɣ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɬʀɝɩɢɧʀɨɮ Ɉɛ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɤ ɭɩɧɮ ɡ ɪɩɦʀ ɨɠ ɬʀɺɦɣ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɪɩɬɪʀɦɷ ɩɟɨɮ ɤ ɭɮ ɬɛɧɮ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɮ Ɋɩɲɛɦɣ ɝɣɥɩ ɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɲɨʀ ɟɩɜɫɣɝɛ ɑʀ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɝ ɭɠɰɨʀɱʀ ɤ ɭɠɰɨɩɦɩɞʀʁ ɟɛɦɣ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɟɠɴɩ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɣɭɣ ɝɫɩɡɛɤɨʀɬɭɷ Ⱦɜɨɩɿɥɶɧɚ ɿ ɬɪɢɩɿɥɶɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɡɟɦɥɟɪɨɛɫɬɜɚ ȼɚɠɤɢɣ ɤɨɥɿɫɧɢɣ ɩɥɭɝ

1

2

X ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɝɚ ɬɪɢɩɿɥɶɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɡɟɦɥɟɪɨɛɫɬɜɚ" X əɤ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɜɚɠɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɿɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɭɝɚ ɫɩɪɢɹɥɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ"

3

Ɇɹɟɣɨɛ ɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲʀ

Ƚɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɺ ɥɩɦɩɨʀɢɛɱʀɺ ɧɛɦɛ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɪɩɢɣɭɣɝɨʀ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥɣ ɍɛɥ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ȱɝ ɫɩɪɣ ɪɩɟɝɩʁɦɩɬɺ Ƚɟɛɦɩɬɺ ɪɩɢɜɮɭɣɬɺ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩʁ ɪɫɣɧɛɫɣ ɞɩɦɩɟɮ ɂɧʀɨɣɝɬɺ ɫɛɱʀ ɩɨ ɰɛɫɲɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɠɫɨɩɝʀ ɭɛ ɞɩɫɩɟɨʀ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɝɣɭʀɬɨɣɦɣ ɟɛɫɣ ɦʀɬʀɝ ɂɛ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɷ ɨɛɪɩɦɠɞɦɣɝɩʁ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɫɛɱʀ ɢɛɧʀɬɭɷ ©Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɦʀɬʀɝª ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɛ ©Ȱɝɫɩɪɛ ɪɩɦʀɝª Ȼɦɠ ɱɠɤ ɪɫɩɱɠɬ ɨɠ ɧʀɞ ɜɮɭɣ ɜɠɢɥʀɨɠɲɨɣɧ Ɉɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;,9 ɬɭ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɝɪɩɝʀɦɷɨɣɝɬɺ ɛ ɢ ɫ ɥɩɦɣ ɬɭɛɝɬɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɞɩɦɩɟ ɮɢɛɞɛɦʀ ɪɫɣɪɣɨɣɝɬɺ ɀɥɩ ɨɩɧʀɥɛ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɝɬɭɮɪɣɦɛ ɝ ɬɧɮɞɮ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɩʁ ɥɫɣɢɣ ɺɥɮ ɝɩɨɛ ɢɧɩɞɦɛ ɪɩɟɩɦɛɭɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɬɭɩ ɫɩɥʀɝ X ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ" X ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɱɢɦ ɜɨɧɚ ɛɭɥɚ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɧɚ

Ɂɚɤɪɿɩɢɦɨ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ 1. ɑɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɬɢ ɬɨɞɿɲɧɸ ȯɜɪɨɩɭ ©ɤɪɚʀɧɨɸ ɥɿɫɿɜª" 2. əɤɭ ɪɨɥɶ ɜɿɞɿɝɪɚɜɚɜ ɥɿɫ ɭ ɠɢɬɬɿ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɪɚɧɧɶɨɝɨ ɋɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɱɹ" 3. əɤɨɸ ɛɭɥɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɿɤɚ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ȯɜɪɨɩɢ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ" ɑɢɦ ɜɨɧɚ ɛɭɥɚ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɚ" 4. ɑɨɦɭ ɜ ɪɚɧɧɶɨɦɭ ɋɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɱɿ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɰɿ ɧɟ ɛɚɠɚɥɢ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɦɿɫɰɿ" 5. əɤɚ ɯɜɨɪɨɛɚ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ ɜɜɚɠɚɥɚɫɹ ɧɚɣɫɬɪɚɲɧɿɲɨɸ" 6. Ɂɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɸ ©ȼɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɭ ȯɜɪɨɩɿª ɒɣɨɨɣɥɣ Ɋɩɢɣɭɣɝɨɩ ɝɪɦɣɝɛɦɣ

Ɉɠɞɛɭɣɝɨɩ ɝɪɦɣɝɛɦɣ

ɋɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɣ Ɋɩɢɣɭɣɝɨʀ

Ɉɠɞɛɭɣɝɨʀ

§ 7. Ñåðåäíüîâ³÷íå ºâðîïåéñüêå ñóñï³ëüñòâî ɏɠɩɟɛɦʀɢɧ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ 9ȲȲ ² ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ 9ȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɣɦɩɬɺ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɰ ʀ ɢɨɛɭɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝ Ƚɩɨɣ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɤ ɪɫɩ ɳɛɫɩɥ ɢɠɧɦɠɝɦɛɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɺɥɣɰ ɜɮɦɩ ʀ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɝɠɫɰʀɝɥɣ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ Ɍɛɧɠ ɱʀ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɢɠɧɦɠɝɦɛɬɨɣɥɣ ʀ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɩɬɨɩɝɩɹ ɟɦɺ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɛɨʀɝɨɩɞɩ ɪɫɩɳɛɫ ɥɮ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɨɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɬɪɣɫɛɦɛɬɺ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɛ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɺɬɥɫɛɝɩ ɱɠ ɪɫɩɺɝɣɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɥɩɦɣɳɨɷɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠɦɣ ɥɩɞɩ ³ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɏɫɛɨɥɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝʀ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɤ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɺɥ ʁʁ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɭɣ ɢ ɐ²ɐȲ ɬɭ

Ɍɭɩɦɣɱɠɹ ɨɩɝɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɧʀɬɭɩ Ɋɛɫɣɡ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɠ ɨɛ ɫʀɲɱʀ Ɍɠɨɛ Ƚɦɛ ɟɛ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɰ Ʌɛɫɩɦʀɨɞʀɝ ɮɭɫɣɧɛɦɛɬɺ ɭɮɭ ɨɛɤɟɩɝɳɠ ɟɩ ɥʀɨɱɺ ɐ ɬɭ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɝɩɨɛ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɬɦɛɜɳɛɦɛ ʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀ ɝɭɫɛɲɛɦɣ ɥɩɨɭɫɩɦɷ ɨɛɟ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺɧɣ Ɋɫɣ ɬɥɩɫɣɦɛ ɱɠɤ ɪɫɩɱɠɬ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨɺ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɥɛ Ȳɢ ɥʀɨɱɺ 9ȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɢɛɢɨɛɝɛɭɣ ɨɛɪɛɟʀɝ ɨɩɫɧɛɨʀɝ ɝʀɥʀɨɞʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɨɛ ɥɩɫɛɜɦɺɰ ɪɠɫɠɭɣɨɛɦɣ ɧɩɫɠ ʀ ɞɫɛɜɮɝɛ ɦɣ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɨʀ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɨɛɞɛɨɺɹɲɣ ɡɛɰ ɨɛ ɮ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɣɰ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ ȿɩ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɟɩɟɛɦɣɬɺ ɬɪɮ ɟ Ʉɨɪɨɥɶ ɨ ɬɭɩɳɦɣɝʀ ɨɛɜʀɞɣ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɤ ɮɞɫʀɝ ɧɛɟɺɫʀɝ

ɞ Ƚɟɪɰɨɝɢ ɺɥʀ ɭɮɭ ɪɩɬɠɦɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ Ȳɐ ɬɭ ɚ Ɋɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɣ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɢɩɜɩɝ·ɺ ɥ Ƚɪɚɮɢ ɿ ɛɚɪɨɧɢ ɢ ɢɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɠɝɦɛɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɮ ɫɛɢʀ Ȼɚɪɨɧɢ ɿ ɪɢɰɚɪɿ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɥɣ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɭɣɬɺ ɢʀ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɢɛɞɩɨɛɧɣ ɟɦɺ ɝʀɟɜɣɭɭɺ ɨɛɪɛɟɮ Ƚɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɟɫʀɜɨʀ ɢɠɧ ɦɠɝɦɛɬɨɣɥɣ ɬɛɧʀ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɳɮɥɛɭɣ ɪɩɫɺɭɮɨɥɮ ɋɟɥɹɧɢ ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɞɨ ɮɟɨɞɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɜʀɞʀɝ ʀ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɣɭɣ ɪʀɟ ɢɛɰɣɬɭ ɬɣɦɷ ɞɪɚɛɢɧɢ ɨɣɰ ɪɩɥɫɩɝɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɍɛɥɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɏɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɛ ɟɫɛɜɣɨɛ ɬɰɠɧɛ

ɝɛɬɛɦɛɧɣ ɂɛ ɨɛɟɛɨɨɺ ɢɛɰɣɬɭɮ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɣ ɥɦɺɭɝɮ ɝʀɫɨɩɬɭʀ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɪɩɥɫɩɝɣɭɠɦɹ ³ ɬɠɨɷ ɤɩɫɮ ɝʀɟ ɦɛɭɣɨ VHQLRU ³ ɬɭɛɫ ɳɣɤ ʀ ɢɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɬɦɮɡɣɭɣ ɤɩɧɮ ɪɫɣɜɮɝɛɹɲɣ ɩɢɜɫɩɾɨɣɧɣ ɝ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɔɩɜ ɧɛɭɣ ɮ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɫɩɢɪɩɫɺ ɟɡɠɨɨʀ ɢɛɞʀɨ ɝɛɡɥɩɩɢɜɫɩɾɨɣɰ ɝɠɫɳɨɣɥʀɝ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ Ɋɫɣɬɺɞɛ ɝɛɬɛɦɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɛ ɞɫɛɝɹɫɛ

ɢɠɧɦɠɝɦɛɬɨɣɥ ɧʀɞ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɬɝɩɾʁ

Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɠ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ

ɢɠɧɦʀ ɫɩɢɟɛɭɣ ɝɩʁɨɛɧ ɢɛ ɬɦɮɡɜɮ ɺɥʀ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɲɠɫɞɩɹ ɺɥɴɩ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɺɝ ɫɩɢɧʀɫ ɝɩɦɩ ɟʀɨɨɺ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɛ ɬɦɮɡɜɮ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɝɛɬɛɦɛɧ ɍɛɥɣɧ ɲɣɨɩɧ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɢɛɾɧɣɨɣ ɧʀɡ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛɧɣ ʀ ɝɛɬɛɦɛɧɣ ɑʀ ɬɭɩɬɮɨɥɣ ɨɛɞɛɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɟɫɛɜɣɨɮ ɛɜɩ ɪʀɫɛ ɧʀɟɮ Ɉɛ ɝɠɫɳɣɨʀ ɱʀɾʁ ɟɫɛɜɣɨɣ ɜɮɝ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɺɥɣɤ ɮɝɛɡɛɝɬɺ ɝɛɬɛɦɩɧ ȼɩɞɛ ȿɠɺɥʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɛɬɛɦɛɧɣ Ɋɛɪɣ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ȳɬɭɩɫɣɥɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɪɩɫɺɟɩɥ ©ɯɠ ɩɟɛɦɷɨɩɹ ɟɫɛɜɣɨɩɹª ɛɜɩ ©ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɩɹ ʀɾɫɛɫɰʀɾɹª ɋɟɧɶɣɨɪ ² ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ ɡɟɦɥɟɜɥɚɫɧɢɤ ɮɟɨɞɚɥ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪ ɫɬɨɫɨɜɧɨ ɫɜɨʀɯ ɜɚ ɫɚɥɿɜ

ȼɚɫɚɥ ² ɨɫɨɛɚ ɹɤɚ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɥɚ ɜɿɞ ɫɟɧɶɣɨɪɚ ɭ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɮɟɨɞ ɡɚ ɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ȼɚɫɚɥɿɬɟɬ ² ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɡɚɽɦɢɧ ɦɿɠ ɮɟɨɞɚɥɚɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɚ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɿɫɬɶ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɮɟɨɞɚɥɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɿɧɲɢɯ Ʌɩɦɣ ɨɛɪɛɟɣ ɨɩɫɧɛɨʀɝ ɪɩɲɛɬɭʀɳɛɦɣ Ʌɛɫɦ ȲȲ Ɇɣɬɣɤ ɮ ɫ ɢɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɛɝ ©ɥɩɡɨɮ ɝʀɦɷɨɮ ɦɹɟɣɨɮ ɩɜɫɛɭɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛª Ɋɫɛɝɛ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛ ɨɛɟ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɝɛɬɛɦɛɧɣ ɪɫɣ ɫʀɝɨɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɨɛɟ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɪʀɟɟɛɨɣɧɣ Ȼ ɴɠ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣ ɢɨɛɨɩ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɝʀɬɭɷ ɜɠɨɠɯʀɱʀʁɝ ʀ ɞɫɛɯɬɷɥɣɰ ɭɣɭɮɦʀɝ ɍɠɪɠɫ ɜɠɨɠɯʀɱʀʁ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɝʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ³ ɯɠɩɟɣ Ɍɦɩɝɩ ©ɯɠɩɟª ɝʀɟ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɺɭɷ ɬɦɩɝɛ ©ɯɠ ɩɟɛɦª ©ɯɠɩɟɛɦʀɢɧª ɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ ©ɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɠ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺª ɨɛɟɛɨɠ ɪɩɟɛɫɩɝɛɨɠ ɞɩɬɪɩ ɟɛɫɠɧ ³ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɩɧ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɝɛɬɛɦɩɝʀ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɨʀɤ ɦɹɟɣɨʀ ɺɥɣɤ ɢɛ ɱɠ ɧɛɝ ɬɦɮɡɣɭɣ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɠɝʀ Ƚɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɯɠɩɟɩɧ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɩ ɟɩ ɜɠɨɠɯʀɱʀɺ ɝɣɧɛɞɛɦɩ ɬɦɮɡɜɣ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡ ɨɩ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɩʁ Ƚɩɦɩɟɛɫʀɝ ɯɠɩɟʀɝ ɪɩɲɛ ɍɫɛɪɠɢɛ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛ ɢ ɝɛɬɛɦɛɧɣ ɦɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɭɣ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɛɧɣ Ʌɩɡɠɨ ɯɠɩɟɛɦ ɧɛɝ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɛ ɩɬ Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ɬɦɩɝɛ ©ɯɠɩ ɭɛɨɨʀ Ʌɛɫɩɦʀɨɞɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɜɠɢɬɣɦɣɧɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɠ ɟɛɦª ʀ ©ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷ ɧɛɦɣ ɛɨʀ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭɮ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɯɠɩɟɛɦʀɝ ɛɨʀ ɬɭɝɩª ɨɠ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ȳɰ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɟɦɺ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɰ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɝɡɣɝɛɭɣ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɮ ɝɩɫɩɞʀɝ Ɋɩɲɛɦɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɞɫɛɯɬɭɝɛ ɐ9ȲȲ²ɐ9ȲȲȲ ɬɭ Ɍɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɝɩɨɣ ɴɩ ɨɛɞɛɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɧɛɦɠɨɷɥʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɉɛ ɧɛɦɣ ɦɛɤɦɣɝɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɪɩɢɨɛ ɬɭɛɝ ɲɛɬ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɫɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨɩɬɭʀ ɲɛɦɣ ɝʀɟɬɭɛɦɣɤ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɣɤ ɦɛɟ ʀ Ʌɩɫɩɦɷ ɮɡɠ ɜɮɝ ɦɣɳɠ ©ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɫʀɝ ɭɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɴɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɦɣ Ƚ ɨɣɰª Ɋɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɦɛɟ ɪɩɳɣɫɣɝɬɺ ɨɛ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨʀɤ ɨɛɮɱʀ ɱʀ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɝɬʀ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ ʀ ɲɛɬɭɣ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɴɠ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɨɣ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɛɦɠ ɨɛɜɮɦɣ ɳɣɫɩɥɩɞɩ ɝɡɣɭɥɮ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

Ɏɟɨɞ ² ɫɩɚɞɤɨɜɟ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɟ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɹɤɟ ɫɟɧɶɣɨɪ ɞɚɪɭɜɚɜ ɜɚɫɚɥɨɜɿ ɹɤ ɩɥɚɬɭ ɡɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ Ɏɟɨɞɚɥ ² ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪ ɮɟɨɞɭ Ɏɟɨɞɚɥɿɡɦ ² ɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɨ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɿ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɢɣ ɥɚɞ ɳɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɞɢɜɫɹ ɡɚ ɱɚɫɿɜ ɩɚɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɮɟɨɞɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ Ɏɟɨɞɚɥɶɧɚ ɪɨɡɞɪɨɛɥɟɧɿɫɬɶ ² ɪɨɡɩɚɞ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɿ ɤɧɹɡɿɜɫɬɜɚ ɍɫɣ ɬɭɛɨɣ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ Ƚɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɐ²ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɮ ɂɛɰʀɟɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɬɭɛɨɣ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷ ɬɭɝɛ Ʌɩɡɨɛ ɢ ɱɣɰ ɬɩɱʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɞɫɮɪ ɧɛɦɛ ɬɝɩʁ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ɪɩɞɦɺɟɣ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ ² ɰɟ ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɝɪɭɩɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɹɤɿ ɋɬɚɧɢ ɪɿɡɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɜɿɥɟɹɦɢ ɪɨɞɨɦ ɡɚɧɹɬɬɹ ɿ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɳɟɦ ɭ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɿ

ɍɫɣ ɬɭɛɨɣ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲ ɨɩɞɩ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɛ ɞɫɛɝɹɫɛ

Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɜɮɦɛ ɭɠɩɫʀɺ ɪɫɩ ɪɩ ɟʀɦ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɨɛ ɭɫɣ ɬɭɛɨɣ ©ɭɣɰ ɰɭɩ ɧɩɦɣɭɷ ɬɺª ɬɝɺɴɠɨɣɥɣ ʀ ɧɩɨɛɰɣ ©ɭɣɰ ɰɭɩ ɝɩɹɾª ɫɣɱɛɫʀ

ʀ ©ɭɣɰ ɰɭɩ ɪɫɛɱɹɾª ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥɣ ɭɛ ʀɨ Ɍɩɱʀ ɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɬɭɛɭɮɬ ɮɬɪɛɟɥɩɝɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɜɛɭɷɥɛ ɟɩ ɬɣɨɛ Ɉɛ ɟɮɧɥɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɰ ɧɮɟɫɠɱʀɝ ɥɩɡɠɨ ɬɭɛɨ ɧɛɝ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɛɡɦɣɝʀ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ʀ ɜɮɝ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɣɧ ɟɦɺ ʀɨɳɣɰ Ƚɩɨɣ ɨɠ ɧɩɞɦɣ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɩɟɣɨ ɜɠɢ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɍɛɥ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨ ɬɭɝɩ ɪʀɥɦɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɟɮɳʀ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɦɣ ɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɛ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɝɬʀɰ ɞɩɟɮɝɛɦɣ

Ɇɨɜɨɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ȯɩɢɫɤɨɩ Ⱥɞɚɥɶɛɟɪɨɧ Ʌɚɧɫɶɤɢɣ ɩɪɨ ɬɪɢ ɫɬɚɧɢ ɏȱ ɫɬ

ɉɟɪɲɢɣ ɫɬɚɧ ² ɜɨʀɧɢ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɢɤɢ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɿ ɧɚɪɨɞɭ ɭɫɿɯ ɛɟɡ ɜɢɧɹɬɤɭ ɹɤ ɫɢɥɶɧɢɯ ɬɚɤ ɿ ɫɥɚɛɤɢɯ« Ⱦɪɭɝɢɣ ɫɬɚɧ ² ɫɟɥɹɧɢ ɰɿ ɧɟɳɚɫɧɿ ɥɸɞɢ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɳɨɫɶ ɥɢɲɟ ɰɿɧɨɸ ɜɚɠɤɨʀ ɩɪɚɰɿ ɍɫɿɦ ² ɝɪɨɲɢɦɚ ɨɞɹɝɨɦ ɯɚɪɱɚɦɢ ² ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɸɬɶ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɟɫɶ ɫɜɿɬ ɀɨɞɧɚ ɜɿɥɶɧɚ ɥɸɞɢɧɚ ɧɟ ɡɦɨɝɥɚ ɛ ɩɪɨɠɢɬɢ ɛɟɡ ɫɟɥɹɧ« ɋɟɥɹɧɢɧ ɝɨɞɭɽ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɹ ɹɤɢɣ ɫɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽ ɳɨ ɰɟ ɜɿɧ ɝɨɞɭɽ ɫɟɥɹɧɢɧɚ« Ɍɚɤ ɞɿɦ Ȼɨɠɢɣ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɞɿɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɨɞɧɿ ɦɨɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɿɧɲɿ ɜɨɸɸɬɶ ɳɟ ɹɤɿɫɶ ɩɪɚɰɸɸɬɶ Ɍɪɢ« ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɩɚɸɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɫɜɨɽʀ ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɨɫɥɭɝɢ ɧɚɞɚɧɿ ɨɞɧɿɽɸ ɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɸɬɶ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɰɿ ɞɜɨɯ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɤɨɠɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɩɿɤɥɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨ ɰɿɥɟ Ɍɚɤ ɰɟɣ ɬɪɨʀɫɬɢɣ ɫɨɸɡ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɽɞɢɧɢɦ ɡɚɜɞɹɤɢ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɚɧɭɽ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɚ ɥɸɞɢ ɧɚɫɨɥɨ ɞɠɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɦɢɪɨɦ ɑɢɦ ɽɩɢɫɤɨɩ Ⱥɞɚɥɶɛɟɪɬ ɩɨɹɫɧɸɜɚɜ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɿɥ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ" ɓɨ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɨɤɥɚɞɟɧɨ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɿɥɭ"

Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɠ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ

ɓɨ ɧɚ ɞɭɦɤɭ ɽɩɢɫɤɨɩɚ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɜɚɥɨ ɽɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ" ɑɢɦ ɬɚɤɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɪɢɦɫɶɤɨʀ ɱɢ ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɶɤɨʀ"

ɂɛɪɫɩɪɩɨɩɝɛɨɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɧɮɟɫɠɱɺɧɣ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɪɩɟʀɦɮ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ʀ ɝɢɛɾɧɣɨ ɧʀɡ ɫʀɢɨɣɧɣ ɬɭɛɨɛɧɣ ɨɠ ɝɣɭɫɣɧɛɦɛ ɝɣɪɫɩɜɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɲɛɬɩɧ Ɉɛɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɥɩɡɨɛ ɢ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɝɠɫɬɭɝ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɟɫʀɜɨʀ ɞɫɮɪɣ ɺɥʀ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɧɛɦɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɪɫɣɝʀɦɠʁ ɭɛ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɣ Ȳɢ ɪɩɺɝɩɹ ɧʀɬɭ ɭɛ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɠɨɨɺɧ ʁɰɨɷɩʁ ɫɩɦʀ ɝ ɡɣɭɭʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɝɢɛɾɧɣɨ ɧʀɡ ɬɩɱʀɛɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɞɫɮɪɛɧɣ ɴɠ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɮɬɥɦɛɟɨɣɦɛɬɺ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɪɩɟʀɦ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɨɛ ɬɩɱʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɝɠɫɬɭɝɣ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɬɪɫɛɝɦɺɭɣ ɢɠɧɠɦɷɨʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ʀ ɞɫɩɳʀ Ɏɬʀ ɰɭɩ ɧɛɝ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɛ ʀ ɬɭɛɭɮɬ ɮ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝʀ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɭɣ ɟɩ ɛɫɣɬɭɩɥɫɛɭʀʁ ɍɛɥ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɛ ʀ ɧʀɬɷɥɛ ɛɫɣɬɭɩɥɫɛɭʀɺ Ʌɩɡɠɨ ɰɭɩ ɝɝɛɡɛɝ ɬɠɜɠ ɛɫɣɬɭɩɥɫɛɭɩɧ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɝ ɴɠ ɤ ɟɩɝɠ ɬɭɣ ɟɛɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɫɩɟɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɬɭɷ

Ⱥɪɢɫɬɨɤɪɚɬɿɹ ² ɧɚɡɜɚ ɩɪɢɜɿɥɟɣɨɜɚɧɨʀ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɹɤɚ ɦɚɽ ɛɚɝɚɬɫɬɜɚ ɿ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɉɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɬɭɛɨɣ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ Ɋɠɫɳɣɤ ɬɭɛɨ

ȿɫɮɞɣɤ ɬɭɛɨ

ɍɫɠɭʀɤ ɬɭɛɨ

©ɍʀ ɴɩ ɧɩɦɺɭɷɬɺª Ⱦɦɛɝɣ ɱɠɫɥɩɝ ³ Ɋɛɪɛ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɛɭɫʀɛɫɰ Ȼɫɰʀɾɪɣɬɥɩɪ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪ ɝʀɥɛɫʀʁ ɧɣɭɫɩɪɩɦɣɭ ɛɜɛɭ ʀɞɮɧɠɨ ɥɛɫɟɣɨɛɦ ©ȼʀɦɠ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɩª ɪɫɣɰɩɟɬɷɥʀ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɣɥɣ

©ɒɩɫɨɠ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɩª ɲɠɨɱʀ

©ɍʀ ɴɩ ɝɩɹɹɭɷª Ⱦɦɛɝɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ʀɧɪɠ ɫɛɭɩɫ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɥɨɺɢɷ

ɂɨɛɭɷ ɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɛ ɛɫɣɬ ɭɩɥɫɛɭʀɺ ɞɠɫɱɩɞɣ ɞɫɛɯɣ ɝʀɥɩɨɭɣ ɜɛɫɩɨɣ

ȿɝɩɫɺɨɣ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ

Ɉɩɭɛɫɣ ³ ɲɣɨɩɝɨɣɥɣ ʀ ɹɫɣɬɭɣ Ʌɮɪɱʀ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫʀ ɦɛɝɩɥ ɧɛɨɟɫɮɹɲʀ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɱʀ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɥɣ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɣɰ ɬɮɟɠɨ

ɋɠɧʀɬɨɣɥɣ Ɍɠɦɺɨɣ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀ ɬɠɫɝɣ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɩ ɝʀɦɷɨʀ ɝʀɦɦɛɨɣ

ȿɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɩ Ɉɛ ɪɠɫɳɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɬɭɛɨʀɝ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɬɭɩɺɦɣ ɧɩɨɛɰɣ ʀ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɣɥɣ ȳɰɨʀɧ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɧ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɪʀɥɦɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɬɪɛɬʀɨɨɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɟɮɳ ɑɠ ɢɛɨɺɭɭɺ ɝ ɮɺɝʀ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɭɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳɣɧ ɢɛ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥʀ ɢɠɧɨʀ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɷ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɩɬɺ ɜʀɟɨɣɧ ɦɹɟɣ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɞɩɦɩɟɮɝɛɦɣ Ȳ ɝɬɠ ɡ ɨɠ ɫɛɰɮɹɲɣɬɷ ʀɢ ɝɣɭɫɛɭɛɧɣ ɬɣɦɩɹ ʀ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀ ɜɮɟɮɝɛ ɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨʀ ɬɩɜɩɫɣ ʀ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨʀ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɝʀɟɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɮ ɟɠɬɺɭɣɨɮ ³ ɟɠ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

ɬɺɭɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɝɫɩɡɛɹ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɪɫɣɜɮɭɥʀɝ ȼɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɝɫɺɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɟɮɳʀ ɜɛɞɛɭʀ ɭɛ ɜʀɟɨʀ ɟɛɫɮɝɛɦɣ ɱɠɫɥɝʀ ɬɝɩɾ ɧɛɤɨɩ ʀ ɢɠɧɠɦɷɨʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ Ɉɛɝʀɭɷ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɬɮɬ ɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ɝʀɟɟɛɝɛɦɩ ɱɠɫɥɝʀ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɢɟʀɜɨɣɰ ɤ ɩɬɝʀɲɠɨɣɰ ɬɣɨʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɪɫɣɬɝɺɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɬɝɩɾ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɬɦɮɡʀɨɨɹ ȼɩɞɮ Ɋɠɫɳɣɤ ɬɭɛɨ ɜɮɝ ɾɟɣɨɣɧ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɩɪɩɝɨɹɝɛɝɬɺ ɝɣɰʀɟ ɱɺɧɣ ɢ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɬɭɛɨʀɝ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɇɛɤɡɠ ɝɬʀ ɝʀɟɩɧʀ ɝɲɠɨʀ ɤ ɧɣɬɦɣɭɠɦʀ ɺɥ ʀ ɢɨɛɲɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɪɣɬɷɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɰɮɟɩɡɨɣɥʀɝ ɧɮɢɣɥɛɨɭʀɝ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɦɣ ɟɩ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɛ

Ⱦɟɫɹɬɢɧɚ ² ɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɤɭ ɜɪɨɠɚɸ ɹɤɭ ɜɿɞɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɥɸɞɢ ɰɟɪɤɜɿ ȼɿɞɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ² ɩɨɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɯɢɫɬ ɰɟɪɤɜɨɸ ȱɧɬɟɪɞɢɤɬ ² ɩɨɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɢ ɦɿɫɬɚ ɫɟɥɚ ɚɛɨ ɰɿɥɨʀ ɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɯɢɫɬ ɰɟɪɤɜɨɸ ȿɦɺ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɫɩɞʀɝ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɛ ɝʀɟɦɮɲɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ʀɨɭɠɫɟɣɥɭ ȿɦɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɝʀɟɦɮɲɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɭɫɛɳɨɩɹ ɥɛɫɩɹ ɏɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɱɠ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɦɩ ɝɭɫɛɭɮ ɝɬʀɰ ɪɫɛɝ ɲɦɠɨɛ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ Ɇɹɟɣɨɛ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɛ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɜɫɛɭɣ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɮ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɩɜɫɺɟɛɰ ɩɜʀɤɧɛɭɣ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥʀ ɪɩ ɬɛɟɣ ɨʀɰɭɩ ɨɠ ɧɛɝ ɪɫɛɝɛ ʁɤ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɭɣ ʁʁ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɮɜɣɭɣ ɚɥɴɩ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɝɝɛ ɡɛɦɛ ɴɩ ɝ ɨɠɪɩɬɦɮɰɩɝʀ ɝɣɨɨʀ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɦɹɟɣ ɝɩɨɛ ɧɩɞɦɛ ɝʀɟɦɮɲɣɭɣ ɱʀɦʀ ɬɠɦɛ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɛɜɩ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɍɛɥɠ ɝʀɟɦɮ ɲɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɩɬɺ ʀɨɭɠɫɟɣɥɭɩɧ Ɏ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ʀ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ ɝʀɟɦɮɲɠɨɣɰ ɝʀɟ ɱɠɫ ɥɝɣ ɢɛɥɫɣɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɰɫɛɧɣ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɺɦɩɬɺ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɭɣ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥʀ ɩɜɫɺɟɣ ³ ɰɫɠ ɴɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɨɲɛɨɨɺ ɪɩɰɩɫɩɨ ɭɩɴɩ ȿɩ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɪɩɲɛɦɛ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɩɝɮɝɛ ɭɣ ɢɜɫɩɤɨʀ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀʁ ³ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɑɠɫɥɝɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɩɹ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩɹ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩɹ ʀ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɩɹ ɬɣɦɩɹ Ɍɪɣɫɛɹ ɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɱɠ ɫɣɧɬɷɥʀ ɪɛɪɣ ɝ ɐ²ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɪɩ ɝɠɦɣ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢɛ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɝɬɷɩɞɩ ɰɫɣɬ ɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɪʀɟ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɝɠɫɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɩɧ Ɋɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɧ ɢɠɧ ɦɠɝɦɛɬɨɣɥɩɧ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɛ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɝɠɫɰʀɝɥɣ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɨʀɲɣɧ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɦɩɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥɣɰ ɯɠɩɟɛɦʀɝ ȿɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɩ ɝɡɠ ɨɠ ɩɜɧɠɡɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɮ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɦɣɳɠ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɩɹ ɬɦɮɡɜɩɹ ɭɛ ɧɩɦɣɭɝɛɧɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɮɟɟɺ ɜɫɛɦɣ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɝ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɹ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɯɠ ɇɠɬɛ ɜɩɞɩɬɦɮɡʀɨɨɺ ɩɟɛɦɷɨʀ ɯɮɨɥɱʀʁ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɣ ɝ ɳɥɩɦɛɰ ɭɛ ɝ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɩɧɮ ɰɫɛɧʀ

ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭɛɰ ɯʀɨɛɨɬɮɝɛɦɣ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥʀ

Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɠ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ

ɢɛɰɩɟɣ ɭɩɴɩ ȿɦɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɛ ɧɩɦɣɭɝɛ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɦɣɳɠ ɟɫɮ ɞɩɫɺɟɨɣɧ ɢɛɨɺɭɭɺɧ

ɏɠɩɟɛɦɣ ɂɛɧɥɣ Ɏɬʀɰ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɠɝɦɛɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɡɣɦɣ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɪɫɛɱʀ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɣɰ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɨɛɢɣ ɝɛɦɣ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɛɧɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɦɣ ² ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɬʀɟɛɹɲɣ ɪɛɨʀɝɨɠ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣ ɴɠ ɝ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝʀ ɇʀɡ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɛɧɣ ɬɥɦɛɦɛɬɺ ɺɥ ɝɣ ɝɡɠ ɢɨɛɾɭɠ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɝɢɛɾɧɣɨ ɴɩ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɦɛ ɨɛɢɝɮ ɝɛɬɛɦʀɭɠɭ ɇʀɡ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɩɧ ʀ ɝɛɬɛɦɩɧ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɬɝɩɾ ɫʀɟɨɛ ɮɬɨɛ ɮɞɩɟɛ ɝɛɬɛɦ ɢɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɝʀɟɟɛɨɩ ɬɦɮɡɣɭɣ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɹ ɛ ɭɩɤ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɲɠɫɞɩɹ ɩɜʀɱɺɝ ɝɛɬɛɦɩɝʀ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɮ ʀ ɢɛɰɣɬɭ ɑɠɤ ɟɩɞɩɝʀɫ ɮɥɦɛɟɛɝɬɺ ɪɫɣ ɬɝʀɟɥɛɰ ʀ ɝɝɛɡɛɝɬɺ ɨɠɪɩɫɮɳɨɣɧ ɚɥɴɩ ɝɛɬɛɦ ɪɩɫɮɳɮɝɛɝ ɟɩɞɩɝʀɫ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɝɣɨɠɨ ɜɮɝ ɢɦɛɧɛɭɣ ɨɛɟ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɞɩɦɩɝɩɹ ɞʀɦɥɮ ʀ ɫɩɢɥɣɟɛɭɣ ʁʁ ɳɧɛɭɥɣ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ Ƚɛɬɛɦɣ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɺɥ ɯɠɩɟʀɝ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɬɣɦɷ ɨɣɰ ɢɨɛɭɨɣɰ ɢɛɰɣɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɛ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛ ɢɛɦɠɡɛɦɛ ɝʀɟ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɝʀɟɟɛɨɣɰ ʀ ɜɩɾɢɟɛɭɨɣɰ ɝɛɬɛɦʀɝ ȼɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɩ ³ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɭɛ ɞɫɩɳʀ ³ ɬɛɧʀ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɴɠ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɝɣɫʀɳɮɝɛɦɣ Ɏ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɢɟɛɲʀ ɝɛɬɛɦɛɧ ɚɥ ɮɡɠ ɢɛɢɨɛɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɝɛɬɛɦʀɭɠɭɮ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɩɬɭʀ ɜɮɦɛ ɬɰɩɡɛ ɨɛ ɟɫɛɜɣɨɮ ɲɣ ɪʀɫɛɧʀɟɮ ɝɠɫɳɣɨɩɹ ɺɥɩʁ ɜɮɝ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ Ɋɫɺɧɣɧɣ ɝɛɬɛɦɛɧɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɨɛɤɲɛɬɭʀɳɠ ɜɮɦɣ ɞɠɫɱɩɞɣ ɝɛɬɛɦɛɧɣ ɞɠɫɱɩɞʀɝ ³ ɧɛɫɥʀɢɣ ɝɛɬɛɦɛɧɣ ɧɛɫɥʀɢʀɝ ³ ɞɫɛɯɣ ɟɛɦʀ ɜɛ ɫɩɨɣ ʀ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ Ɏ ɪɩɰɩɟɛɰ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɝɛɦɣ ɢɜɫɩɾɨɩɬɱʀ ɹɨɛɥɣ ɢ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɬʀɧɠɤ ɺɥʀ ɴɠ ɨɠ ɢɟɩɜɮɦɣ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɢɝɛɨɨɺ ɐɩɲɛ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɩɬɺ ɴɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɾ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɩɧ ɟɦɺ ɝɬʀɰ ɪɫɩɭɠ ɮ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɩ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɩ ©Ƚɛɬɛɦ ɧɩɞɩ ɝɛɬɛɦɛ ³ ɨɠ ɧʀɤ ɝɛɬɛɦª ɍɩɜɭɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɨɠ ɪɩɝɣɨɠɨ ɜɮɝ ɝɭɫɮɲɛɭɣɬɺ ɝ ɬɭɩɬɮɨɥɣ ɧʀɡ ɞɠɫɱɩɞɛɧɣ ʀ ɧɛɫɥʀɢɛɧɣ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ Ȼɦɠ ɭɛɥɛ ɲʀɭɥɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɮɬɥɦɛɟɨɹɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɺɥɴɩ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɺɥɣɤɬɷ ɞɫɛɯ ɩɭ ɫɣɧɮɝɛɝ ɟɩɟɛɭɥɩɝɣɤ ɯɠɩɟ ɝʀɟ ɬɛɧɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɲɣ ɝʀɟ ʀɨɳɩɞɩ ɞɫɛɯɛ Ɍɪɫɛɝɛ ɭɛɥ ɢɛɪɦɮɭɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɴɩ ɝɢɛɞɛɦʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɛɡɥɩ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɭɣ ɰɭɩ ɲɣɤ ɝɛɬɛɦ ɍɛɥʀ ɪɦɮɭɛɨɣ ɨɣ ɪɫɣɢɝɩɟɣɦɣ ɟɩ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨɣɰ ɬɮɭɣɲɩɥ ɧʀɡ ɝɛɬɛɦɛɧɣ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛɧɣ ʀ ɝɛɬɛɦɛɧɣ Ɋɠɫɠ ɧɩɞɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɛ ɜɩɱʀ ɬɣɦɷɨʀɳɩɞɩ ɇʀɡɮɬɩɜɣ ɱʀ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɨɠɞɛɭɣɝɨɩ ɪɩɢɨɛɲɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɠɦɺɨɛɰ ɺɥʀ ɬɭɛɝɛɦɣ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɛɧɣ ɪɩɞɫɛɜɮ ɝɛɨɷ ʀ ɨɛɬɣɦɦɺ Ɏ Ȳɐ²ɐȲ ɬɭ ɨɛɪɛɟɣ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɮɞɫʀɝ ɨɩɫ ɧɛɨʀɝ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɣ ɟɩ ɪɩɺɝɣ ɝ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɝɣɟɮ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɨɣɰ ɬɪɩɫɮɟ ³ ɢɛɧɥʀɝ ɂɛɧɩɥ ɜɮɝ ɩɟɨɩɲɛɬɨɩ ʀ ɯɩɫɭɠɱɠɹ ʀ ɪɩɧɠɳɥɛɨ ɏɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɢɛɧɩɥ ɨɺɧ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɛ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

Ɂɚɦɨɤ ² ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɶ ɹɤɚ ɞɨɦɿɧɭɽ ɧɚɞ ɩɟɜɧɨɸ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɽɸ ɠɢɬɥɨ ɮɟɨɞɚɥɚ Ⱦɨɧɠɨɧ ² ɛɚɝɚɬɨɩɨɜɟɪɯɨɜɚ ɜɟɠɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚ ɡɚɦɤɨɜɚ ɫɩɨɪɭɞɚ Ɋɢɰɚɪ ² ɜɚɠɤɨɨɡɛɪɨɽɧɢɣ ɤɿɧɧɢɣ ɜɨʀɧ ɧɚɣɜɢɳɢɣ ɫɬɭɩɿɧɶ ɮɟɨɞɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɞɪɚɛɢɧɢ Ɋɢɰɚɪɫɶɤɢɣ ɬɭɪɧɿɪ ² ɡɦɚɝɚɧɧɹ ɪɢɰɚɪɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɫɜɨʀɯ ɛɨɣɨɜɢɯ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɂɛɧɥɣ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɢɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɨɛ ɪɛɞɩɫɜʀ ɺɥɣɤ ɝɣɬɩɲʀɝ ɨɛɟ ɧʀɬɱɠɝʀɬɭɹ ɉɭɩɲɠ ɨɣɤ ɫɩɝɩɧ ʀɢ ɝɩɟɩɹ ʀɢ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɧɣ ɬɭʀɨɛɧɣ ʀ ɝɠɡɛɧɣ ɝ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɫɺɟʀɝ ɢɛɧɩɥ ɜɮɝ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɨɛɟʀɤɨɣɧ ɬɰɩɝɣɴɠɧ Ɉɛɟ ɮɬʀɧɛ ɜɮɟʀɝɦɺɧɣ ɢɛɧɥɮ ɝɣɬɩɲʀɦɛ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɛ ɝɠɡɛ ³ ɟɩɨɡɩɨ Ƚɩɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɛ ɺɥ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɝɬɺɥɟɠɨɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɛ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɟɦɺ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɣ ȳʁ ɪʀɟ ɝɛɦɣ ɪɫɣɬɭɩɬɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɟɦɺ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɪɛɬʀɝ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɭɛɧ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɝɣɥɩɪɮɝɛɦɣ ɥɫɣɨɣɱɹ ɛɜɩ ɝɦɛɳɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɝ·ɺɢɨɣɱʀ Ƚɠɫɰɨʀ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɛɦɛɧɣ ɟɠ ɧɠɳɥɛɝ ɯɠɩɟɛɦ ɢʀ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɫɩɟɣɨɩɹ ɭɛ ɬɦɮɞɛɧɣ Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɣɧ ɠɦɠɧɠɨɭɩɧ ɝɠɡʀ ɜɮɝ ɪɩɭɛɾɧ ɨɣɤ ɰʀɟ ɴɩ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɺɝ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɠɝʀ ɝ ɫɛɢʀ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩɬɭʀ ɝɭɠɥɭɣ ɝ ɜɠɢɪɠɲɨɠ ɧʀɬɱɠ Ɍɛɧɛ ɝɠɡɛ ɧɩɞɦɛ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɺɭɣɬɺ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɭɩɟʀ ɥɩɦɣ ʀɨɳʀ ɮɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɨɺ ɢɛɧɥɮ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɹɝɛɝ ɝɩɫɩɞ ɋɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɢɛɧɥɛɧɣ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ʀ ɝɛɡɥɩ ɩɢɜɫɩɾɨʀ ɪɫɩɯɠɬʀɤɨʀ ɝɩʁɨɣ ³ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ Ƚɩɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɟʀɤɩɝɣɧɣ ɩɬɩɜɛɧɣ ɝɬʀɰ ɝʀɤɨ ɠɪɩɰɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲ ɲɺ ɋɣɱɛɫ ɜɮɝ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɬɭɩ ɝɠɫɳɨɣɥɩɧ ɛ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɩɹ ɜɩɤɩɝɩɹ ɩɟɣɨɣɱɠɹ Ƚʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɩɟɺɞɨɠɨɣɤ ɪɩɪɠɫɝɛɰ ɮ ɥɩɦɷɲɮɞɮ ³ ɬɩɫɩɲɥɮ ɢʀ ɬɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɣɰ ɧʀɡ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɧɠɭɛɦɠɝɣɰ ɥʀɦɠɱɷ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ʁʁ ɢɛɬɭɮɪɣɦɣ ɥɩɝɛɨʀ ɦɛɭɣ ɴɩ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɦɣ ɫɣɱɛɫɺ ɢ ɨʀɞ ɟɩ ɞɩɦɩɝɣ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɝɩʁɨ ɪɫɣɥɫɣɝɛɝɬɺ ɝ ɜɩɹ ɴɣɭɩɧ ɨɛ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɩ ɞɠɫɜ ³ ɫɩɢ ɪʀɢɨɛɝɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɢɨɛɥ ɤɩɞɩ ɫɩɟɮ ʀ ɟɠɝʀɢ ³ ɬɭɣɬɦɣɤ ɝɣɬɦʀɝ ɴɩ ɪɩɺɬɨɹɝɛɝ ɢɧʀɬɭ ɞɠɫɜɛ ɉɢɜɫɩɾɨɨɺ ɫɣɱɛɫɺ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɩɬɺ ɢ ɟɩɝɞɩɞɩ ɝɛɡɥɩɞɩ ɬɪɣɬɛ ʀ ɧɠɲɛ ɫʀɟɳɠ ɜɩɤɩɝɩʁ ɬɩ ɥɣɫɣ ɛɜɩ ɪɛɦɣɱʀ ȼɩɤɩɝɣɤ ɥʀɨɷ ɝɠɫɳɨɣɥɛ ɭɠɡ ɬɪɩɫɺɟɡɛɝɬɺ ɩɜɦɛɟɮɨɥɛɧɣ ɉɭɡɠ ɫɣɱɛɫ ɨɛ ɥɩɨʀ ɬɭɛɝɛɝ ɬɝɩɾɫʀɟɨɩɹ ɫɮɰɩɧɩɹ ɯɩɫɭɠɱɠɹ ɋɣɱɛɫʀ ɨɠ ɬɭɛɝɣɦɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɢɛ ɧɠɭɮ ɝɜɣɭɣ ɝ ɜɩɹ ɪɫɩɭɣɝɨɣɥɛ Ƚɩɨɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɣ ɬɺ ɝɣɜɣɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ʀɢ ɬʀɟɦɛ ɫɩɢɢɜɫɩʁɭɣ ʀ ɝɢɺɭɣ ɝ ɪɩɦɩɨ ɂɛ ɢɨɛɭɨɩɞɩ ɜɫɛɨɱɺ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɭɣ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɤ ɝɣɥɮɪ Ɋɠɫɠɧɩɡɠɱɷ ɪɩ ɥɫɣɝɛɝ ɬɠɜɠ ɬɦɛɝɩɹ ɛ ɱɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɨɛɤɝɛɡɦɣ ɝʀɳɣɧ ɒɠɫɠɢ ɭɠ ɮ ɝʀɤɨɛɰ ɐ²ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɛɫɧʀʁ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɠɲɣɬɦɠɨɨɣɧɣ ɛ ɝɭɫɛɭɣ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɫɣɱɛ ɋɣɱɛɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɭɮɫɨʀɫ ɫʀɝ ³ ɨɠɢɨɛɲɨɣɧɣ

Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɠ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ

Ɍɦɛɝɮ ɨɠɪɠɫɠɧɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɝɩʁɨɛ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɟɩɜɮɭɣ ɨɛ ɝʀɤɨʀ ɛɜɩ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɫɣɱɛɫ ɬɷɥɣɰ ɭɮɫɨʀɫʀɝ ³ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɣɰ ɢɧɛɞɛɨɷ ɮ ɬɣɦʀ ɭɛ ɝɪɫɛɝɨɩɬɭʀ ȳɰ ɝɦɛɳɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɥɩɫɩɦʀ ɛɜɩ ɢɨɛɭɨʀ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɣ Ɉɛ ɭɮɫɨʀɫɣ ɢ·ʁɡɟɡɛɦɣɬɺ ɺɥ ɭʀ ɰɭɩ ɜɛɡɛɝ ɮɢɺɭɣ ɝ ɨɣɰ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɭʀ ɰɭɩ ɰɩɭʀɝ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɭɣ ɝɣɟɩɝɣɴɠ ɔɩɜ ɬɭɛɭɣ ɫɣɱɛɫɠɧ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɩɤɭɣ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨɮ ɪɫɩɱɠɟɮɫɮ ɪɩɬɝɺɲɠɨ ɨɺ Ɍɭɛɫɳɣɤ ɬɣɨ ɺɥɣɤ ɮɬɪɛɟɥɩɝɮɝɛɝ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɯɠɩɟ ɴɩ ɨɠ ɪʀɟɦɺɞɛɝ ɪɩɟʀ ɦɮ ɮ ɧɩɦɩɟʀ ɫɩɥɣ ɜɮɝ ɢɜɫɩɾɨɩɬɱɠɧ ɨɛɝɲɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɝɠɫɰɩɝɩʁ ʁɢɟɣ ʀ ɭɠɰɨʀɥɣ ɝɩɦɩ ɟʀɨɨɺ ɢɜɫɩɾɹ ȿɩɬɺɞɨɮɝɳɣ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɝʀɨ ɩɟɣɨ ɛɜɩ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɢ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɧɣ ɫɣɱɛɫɺɧɣ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɣɝ ɨʀɲ ɮ ɧɩɦɣɭɝɛɰ Ɉɛɬɭɮɪɨɩɞɩ ɟɨɺ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫ ɪɫɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɬɝʀɟ ɥɛɰ ɝɫɮɲɛɝ ɹɨɛɥɩɝʀ ɧɠɲ ʀ ɳɪɩɫɣ Ɋɩɬɝɺɲɠɨɣɤ ɮ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ ɟɛɝɛɝ ɥɦɺɭɝɮ ɝʀɫɨɩɬɭʀ ɢɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɭɣ ɝɟʀɝ ɬɣɫʀɭ ʀ ɭɣɰ ɰɭɩ ɬɦɮɡɣɭɷ ȼɩɞɩɝʀ Ɏ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ ɩɜɫɺɟ ɧɛɝ ɬɝɩʁ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɬɪɠɫɳɮ ɝʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɪɫɩɬɭɣɧ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɮɬɥɦɛɟɨɹɝɛɝɬɺ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɐȲ ɬɭ ɟɩ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɩɜɫɺɟɮ ɟɩɦɮɲɣɦɛɬɺ ɤ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ

Ɇɨɜɨɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

Ɋɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɢɣ ɨɛɪɹɞ ɩɨɫɜɹɱɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɪɢɰɚɪɿ ɏȱ ɫɬ

ɋɩɟɪɲɭ ɽɩɢɫɤɨɩ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɥɨɜɥɹɽ ɩɪɚɩɨɪ ɪɢɰɚɪɹ Ɇɨɥɢɬɜɚ Ȼɨɠɟ ɜɿɱɧɢɣ ɿ ɜɫɟɦɨɝɭɬɧɿɣ« Ɉɫɜɹɬɢ ɧɟɛɟɫɧɢɦ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɥɨɜɟɧɧɹɦ ɰɟɣ ɩɪɚɩɨɪ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɣ ɞɨ ɛɨɸ ɳɨɛ ɜɿɧ ɛɭɜ ɫɢɥɶɧɢɦ ɭ ɛɨɪɨɬɶɛɿ ɩɪɨɬɢ ɧɟɜɿɪɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɛɭɧɬɿɜɧɢɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɿɜ ɿ ɳɨɛ ɡɚ ɬɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɜɿɧ ɧɚɜɿɸɜɚɜ ɠɚɯ ɧɚ ɜɨɪɨɝɿɜ ɥɸɞɭ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ« Ɂ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɿ ɪɢɰɚɪɟɦ ɫɩɢɫ ɿ ɩɪɚɩɨɪ ɽɩɢɫɤɨɩ ɨɫɜɹɱɭɽ ɫɜɹɬɨɸ ɜɨɞɨɸ Ⱦɚɥɿ ɜɿɧ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɥɨɜɥɹɽ ɦɟɱ ©Ⱦɨɡɜɨɥɶ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɥɨɜɢɬɢ ɰɟɣ ɦɟɱ ɧɚ ɩɨɹɫɿ ɪɚɛɚ ɬɜɨɝɨ ɳɨɛ ɜɿɧ ɦɿɝ ɨɯɨɪɨɧɹɬɢ ɿ ɡɚɯɢɳɚɬɢ ɰɟɪɤɜɭ ɭɞɿɜ ɫɢɪɿɬ ɿ ɜɫɿɯ ɬɢɯ ɯɬɨ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ Ȼɨɝɨɜɿ ɩɪɨɬɢ ɠɨɪɫɬɨɤɨɫɬɿ ɜɨɪɨɝɚ ɿ ɳɨɛ ɜɿɧ ɧɚɜɿɸɜɚɜ ɠɚɯ ɧɚ ɜɫɿɯ ɬɢɯ ɯɬɨ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɢɜ ɩɪɨɬɢ ɧɶɨɝɨ« ɏɬɨ ɨɝɨɥɨɲɭɜɚɜɫɹ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɢɦ ɜɨɪɨɝɨɦ ɪɢɰɚɪɹ ɿ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ" ȱɡ ɹɤɨɸ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɰɟɪɤɜɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚ ɨɛɪɹɞ ɩɨɫɜɹɱɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɪɢɰɚɪɿ" ɋɩɢɪɚɸɱɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɿ ɦɚɥɸɧɨɤ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɩɪɨ ɨɛɪɹɞ ɩɨɫɜɹɱɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɪɢɰɚɪɿ

Ɍɠɦɺɨɣ ʀ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫʀɺ Ⱦɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ

ɬɠɦɺɨɣɨɛ Ɍɠɦɺɨɬɭɝɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɨɛɤɲɣɬɦɠɨɨʀɳɩɹ ɝɠɫɬɭɝɩɹ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ Ɍɠ ɦɺɨɣ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɩɢɛ ©ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɩɹ ɟɫɛɜɣɨɩɹª ɝɩɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɠ ɝɛɬɛɦɛɧɣ ɛ ɪʀɟ ɟɛɨɣɧɣ Ɂɣɭɭɺ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɪɩɝɨɠɨɠ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɥɣ ʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɣɨɩɝʀ ɟɩ ɝɩɟɣɦɩɬɺ ɳɮɥɛɭɣ ɢɛɰɣɬɭɮ ɝ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛ Ƚ ɩɜɧʀɨ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫ ɪɫɣɬɝɩɹɝɛɝ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɬɠɦɺɨɣɨɛ ʀ ɪɫɣɧɮɳɮɝɛɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɩɝɣɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɝʀɟɫɩɜɦɺɭɣ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

ɪɛɨɴɣɨɮ ɲɣ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɩɜɫɩɥ Ɍɠɦɺɨɣ ɩɜɫɩɜɦɺɦɣ ɪɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɦɺ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɦɣ ʀ ɦɛɞɩ ɟɣɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɮɟɣɨɩɥ ɥɩɧɩɫɣ ʀ ɧɩɬɭɣ ɲɣ ɬɭɣɦɣ ɬɭɛɝɥɣ ɦɩɝɣɦɣ ɫɣɜɮ ɭɩɴɩ

ɉɚɧɳɢɧɚ ² ɜɫɿ ɞɚɪɦɨɜɿ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɫɟɥɹɧ ɭ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɿ ɫɟɧɶɣɨɪɚ ² ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜ ɫɟɥɹɧ Ɉɛɪɨɤ ɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɡɟɪɧɨ ɯɭɞɨɛɚ ɩɬɢɰɹ ɬɨɳɨ ɹɤɭ ɫɟɥɹɧɢɧ ɛɭɜ ɡɨɛɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɫɩɥɚɱɭɜɚɬɢ ɫɜɨɽɦɭ ɫɟɧɶɣɨɪɭ Ɉɛɪɨɤ ɦɿɝ ɛɭɬɢ ɿ ɜ ɝɪɨɲɨɜɿɣ ɮɨɪɦɿ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫ ɬɮɟɣɝ ɬɠɦɺɨɣɨɛ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɬɮɟɩɧ Ɍɠɦɺɨɣɨ ɨɠ ɧɛɝ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɪɠɫɠ ɬɠɦɺɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ʀɨɳɩʁ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩɬɭʀ ɜɠɢ ɟɩɢɝɩ ɦɮ ɭɩɴɩ Ȼɦɠ ɨɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɂɛɰɩɟʀ ɝʀɨ ɮɬɠ ɡ ɭɛɥɣ ɨɠ ɜɮɝ ɜɠɢɪɫɛɝɨɣɧ ɚɥɴɩ ɬɠɦɺɨɣɨ ɬɪɫɛɝɨɩ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɝ ɪɩɝɣɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫ ɨɠ ɧʀɞ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɣɭɣ ɤɩɧɮ ɝ ɥɩɫɣɬ Ɋɫɛɱɺ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɭɮɝɛɨɨʀ ɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɩɹ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɩɹ ɨɛ ɺɥʀɤ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɴɮɫɣ Ɏɬʀ ɱʀ ɩɜɧɠɡɠɨɨɺ ɬɝɩɜɩɟɣ ɮɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɨɠ ɬɪɫɣɤɧɛɦɣɬɺ ɬɠɦɺɨɛɧɣ ɺɥ ɨɛɟɭɩ ɩɜɭɺɡɦɣɝʀ ɋɩɢɧʀɫɣ ɪɩɝɣɨɨɩɬɭɠɤ ɩɜɫɩɥɮ ɴɩ ɨɠ ɢɧʀɨɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ ɧɣ ʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɛɪɣɬɛɨɣɧɣ ɬɪɫɣɤɧɛɦɣɬɺ ɦɹɟɷɧɣ ɺɥ ɢɝɣɲɛɤ ȼɮɟɷ ɺɥʀ ɝʀɟɰɣɦɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟ ɢɝɣɲɛɹ ɪɫɣɢɝɩɟɣɦɣ ɟɩ ɪɫɩɺɝɮ ɨɠɝɟɩɝɩɦɠɨɨɺ ɛɜɩ ɟɩ ɝɣɬɭɮɪʀɝ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɚɛɨ ɫɟɪɜ ² ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɢɣ ɜɿɞ ɡɟɦɥɟɜɥɚɫɧɢɤɚ ɿ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨ Ʉɪɿɩɚɤ ɩɪɢɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɞɨ ɩɟɜɧɨʀ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɨʀ ɞɿɥɹɧɤɢ ɫɟɥɹɧɢɧ ² ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨ ɜɿɥɶɧɢɣ ɫɟɥɹɧɢɧ ɹɤɢɣ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɜɫɹ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɨɸ ɞɿ ȼɿɥɥɚɧ ɥɹɧɤɨɸ Ȼɦɠ ɨɠ ɝɬʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɣɧɣ ɢɛ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɪɫɛɝɛɧɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɩ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɣɰ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɥɫʀɪɛɥʀɝ ʀ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɩ ɝʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɉɬɩɜɣɬɭɩ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɣɰ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɬɠɫɝɛɧɣ ɮ Ɍɭɛɫɩɟɛɝɨɷɩɧɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɬɦɩɝɩ ɬɠɫɝ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɦɩ ɫɛɜ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨɩɹ ɪɩɝɣɨɨʀɬɭɹ ɬɠɫɝʀɝ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɛɨɴɣɨɛ ɺɥɛ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɛ ² ɟɨʀ ɨɛ ɭɣɡ ɟɠɨɷ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɤ ɩɜɫɩɥ Ƚɦɛɬɨʀɬɭɹ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɛ ɤ ɧɛɤɨɩ ɬɠɫɝɛ ɚɥɴɩ ɬɠɫɝ ɰɩɭʀɝ ɴɩɬɷ ɪɫɩɟɛɭɣ ɝʀɨ ɧɛɝ ɩɭɫɣɧɛ ɭɣ ɟɩɢɝʀɦ ɝʀɟ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛ ɢɛɪɦɛɭɣɝɳɣ ɪɠɝɨɣɤ ɪɩɟɛɭɩɥ ɚɥɴɩ ɪɩɧɣɫɛɝ ɬɠɫɝ ɜɛɭɷɥɩ ɭɩ ɬɣɨ ɜɮɝ ɢɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɣɤ ɝʀɟɟɛɭɣ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɮ ɥɫɛɴɮ ɥɩɫɩɝɮ ɛɜɩ ɥɩɨɺ ʀɨɛɥɳɠ ɬɠɨɷ ɤɩɫ ɧɛɝ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɢɛɜɫɛɭɣ ɝ ɬɠɫɝɛ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɉɟɫɮɡɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɬɠɫɝ ɭɠɡ ɧʀɞ ɦɣɳɠ ɢ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɮ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛ Ʌɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ ɬɠɫɝ ɧɛɝ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɭɣ ɝ ɢɛɧɩɥ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛ ɪʀɝɨɺ ɺɥ ɬɣɧɝɩɦ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɝɨʀɬɭɹ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɝɦɛɟʀ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛ

Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɠ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ

ȿɠɴɩ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɪɫɛɝ ɧɛɦɣ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɩ ɝʀɦɷɨʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ³ ɝʀɦɦɛɨɣ ɝʀɟ ɦɛɭɣɨ YLOOD ³ ɝʀɦɦɛ ɧɛɾɭɩɥ Ƚɩɨɣ ɺɥ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɩ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɩɜɫɩɥ ɍɛɥɣɤ ɬɠɦɺɨɣɨ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɧʀɞ ɪɫɩɟɛɭɣ ɬɝʀɤ ɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɣɤ ɨɛɟʀɦ ɛɦɠ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫ ɧɛɝ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɮ ɩɜɫɩɥ Ɏɬʀ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛ ɬɭɩɬɩɝɨɩ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɹɭɷ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɠ ɪɩɨɺɭɭɺ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫʀɺ Ɍɠɨɷɤɩɫʀɺ ³ ɱɠ ʀ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɺɥɮ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɮ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɝʀɟ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛ ʀ ɬɛɧʀ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɱɠ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛ ɨɛɟ ɨɣɧɣ ʀ ɪɩɝɣɨɨɩɬɭʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɣɨɛ ɨɛ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɷ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛ Ɍɠɨɷɤɩɫʀɺ ɾ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɩɹ ɩɢɨɛɥɩɹ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɮ ɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ

Ɇɨɜɨɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ȱɡ ©ɉɨɟɦɢ ɩɪɨ ɜɟɪɫɨɧɫɶɤɢɯ ɜɿɥɥɚɧɿɜª ȿɫɬɭɥɟ Ƚɨɡɚ ɏȱȱ ɫɬ

ɉɟɪɲɚ ɩɪɚɰɹ ɜ ɪɨɰɿ ² ɞɨ ȱɜɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɥɢɩɧɹ ȼɿɥɥɚɧɢ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɤɨɫɢɬɢ ɥɭɤɢ ɡɝɪɿɛɚɬɢ ɿ ɡɛɢɪɚɬɢ ɫɿɧɨ ɜ ɤɨɩɢɲ ɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɬɢ ʀɯ ɭ ɫɬɿɝ« ɚ ɩɨɬɿɦ ɜɟɡɬɢ ɧɚ ɛɚɪɫɶɤɢɣ ɞɜɿɪ ɤɨɥɢ ɫɤɚɠɭɬɶ« Ⱥɥɟ ɧɚɫɬɚɽ ɫɟɪɩɟɧɶ ɿ ɡ ɧɢɦ ɧɨɜɚ ɪɨɛɨɬɚ« ȼɨɧɢ ɩɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɿ ɩɚɧɳɢɧɨɸ ɿ ɩɪɨ ɧɟʀ ɧɟ ɫɥɿɞ ɡɚɛɭɜɚɬɢ ȼɿɥɥɚɧɢ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɠɚɬɢ ɯɥɿɛ ɡɛɢɪɚɬɢ ɿ ɡɜ¶ɹɡɭɜɚɬɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɧɨɩɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɬɢ ɫɤɢɪɬɚɦɢ ɩɨɫɟɪɟɞ ɩɨɥɹ ɿ ɜɿɞɜɨɡɢɬɢ ɧɟɝɚɣɧɨ ɞɨ ɚɦɛɚɪɭ ɐɸ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ ɜɨɧɢ ɧɟɫɭɬɶ ɿɡ ɞɢɬɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɹɤ ɧɟɫɥɢ ʀʀ ɩɪɟɞɤɢ Ɍɚɤ ɩɪɚɰɸɸɬɶ ɜɨɧɢ ɧɚ ɫɟɧɶɣɨɪɚ« ɉɨɬɿɦ ɜɨɧɢ ɡɧɨɜɭ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɜɿɞɪɨɛɢɬɢ ɩɚɧɳɢɧɭ Ʉɨɥɢ ɜɨɧɢ ɪɨɡɨɪɚɥɢ ɡɟɦɥɸ ɬɨ ɣɞɭɬɶ ɡɚ ɡɟɪɧɨɦ ɞɨ ɚɦɛɚɪɭ ɫɿɸɬɶ ɿ ɛɨɪɨɧɭɸɬɶ« Ⱦɨ Ɋɿɡɞɜɚ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨ ɡɞɚɬɢ ɤɭɪɟɣ« ɇɚ ɉɚɫɯɭ ɡɧɨɜɭ ɩɚɧɳɢɧɚ« ɉɿɫɥɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨ ʀɯɚɬɢ ɜ ɤɭɡɧɸ ɩɿɞɤɭɜɚɬɢ ɤɨɧɟɣ« ɉɨɬɿɦ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɩɿɱɧɢɣ ɛɚɧ ɿ ɰɟ ɧɚɣɝɿɪɲɟ Ʉɨɥɢ ɞɪɭɠɢɧɚ ɜɿɥɥɚɧɚ ɬɭɞɢ ɜɿɞɩɪɚɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɿ ɫɩɪɚɜɧɨ ɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɫɜɿɣ ɨɛɪɨɤ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɽ ɬɿɫɬɨ ɬɨ ɩɟɤɚɪɲɚ ɝɨɪɞɨɜɢɬɚ ɿ ɡɜɟɪɯɧɹ ɛɭɪɱɢɬɶ ɚ ɩɟɤɚɪ ɧɟɜɞɨɜɨɥɟɧɢɣ ɿ ɫɜɚɪɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɧ ɤɥɹɧɟɬɶɫɹ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɧɿɦɢ ɡɭɛɚɦɢ ɳɨ ɩɿɱ ɛɭɞɟ ɩɪɨɩɚɥɟɧɚ ɩɨɝɚɧɨ ɿ ɳɨ ʀɦ ɧɟ ɞɨɜɟɞɟɬɶɫɹ ʀɫɬɢ ɞɨɛɪɨɝɨ ɯɥɿɛɚ ² ɜɿɧ ɛɭɞɟ ɧɟɩɪɨɩɟɱɟɧɢɦ ɉɪɨ ɳɨ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɭɪɢɜɤɭ" ɉɪɨ ɹɤɿ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɟɥɹɧ ɡɝɚɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿ" ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɩɿɱɧɢɣ ɛɚɧ"

Ⱦɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɬɠɦɺɨɣɨɛ ɢɛ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɩɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɨɛɭɮɫɛɦɷɨɣɧ ɭɩɜ ɭɩ ɝɬɠ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɠ ɟɦɺ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɝɣɫɩɜɦɺɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɩɟɮɥɭʀɝ ɰɛɫɲɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɲɣɰ ɝɣɫɩɜʀɝ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɢɛ ɟɠɺɥɣɧɣ ɭɩɝɛɫɛɧɣ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɢɛ ɬʀɦɦɹ ɲɣ ɢɛɦʀɢɩɧ ɟɩɝɩɟɣɦɩɬɺ ɝɣɫɮɳɛɭɣ ɟɩ ɧʀɬɱɷ ɟɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɣɫɩɜɦɺɦɣɬɺ ʀ ɭɛɧ ɩɜɧʀɨɹɝɛɭɣ ʁɰ ɨɛ ɪɫɩ ɟɮɥɭɣ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɪɫɛɱʀ Ⱦɫɩɳʀ ɝ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɜɮɦɣ ɫʀɟɥʀɬɭɹ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɢ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɮɬɠ ɢɧʀɨɹɝɛɦɩɬɺ Ɏ ɐ9 ɬɭ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛɭɮɫɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ʀ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɭɩɝɛɫɨɩɞɩ ɞɩɬɪɩ ɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ ɥɩɦɣ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɫɩɜɦɠɨɩ ɛɜɩ ɝɣɫɩɴɠɨɩ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɤɳɦɩ ɨɛ ɪɫɩɟɛɡ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

Ɍɠɦɺɨɬɷɥɠ ɝɠɬʀɦɦɺ Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɴɩ ɡɣɦɣ ɪɩɩɟɣɨɱʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɟɮɡɠ ɧɛɦɩ ɚɥɴɩ ɝɭɫɛɲɛɦɣ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥɛ ɲɣ ɡʀɨɥɮ ɭɩ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɢɺɭɣ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɳɦɹɜ ɂɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɨɛɫɠɲɠɨɮ ɛɜɩ ɨɛ ɫɠɲɠɨɩɞɩ ɩɜɣɫɛɦɣ ɢɛ ɫɩɢɫɛɰɮɨɥɩɧ ɑʀɨɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɠ ɝɫɩɟɛ ɛ ɪɫɛɱɠɢɟɛɭ ɨʀɬɭɷ ɢɟɩɫɩɝ·ɺ ʀ ɪɩɬɛɞ ɓɦɹɜ ɺɥ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɩ ɮɦɛɳɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɜɛɭɷɥɣ ɢɛɢɟɛɦɠɞʀɟɷ ɟɩɧɩɝɦɺɹɲɣɬɷ ɪɫɩ ɥɛɨɟɣɟɛɭɮɫɮ ɨɛɫɠɲɠɨɩʁ Ɉɛɫɠɲɠ ɨɣɤ ɟɛɫɮɝɛɝ ɜɛɭɷɥɛɧ ɨɛɫɠɲɠɨɩʁ ɪɩɟɛɫɮɨɩɥ Ɍɝɩɾɹ ɲɠɫɞɩɹ ɢɛ ɨɛ ɫɠɲɠɨɮ ɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɪɩɬɛɞ ȼɮɦɣ ɪɩɳɣ ɫɠɨʀ ɫɛɨɨʀ ɳɦɹɜɣ ɟʀɝɲɛɭɛ ɢ ² ɫɩɥʀɝ ɹɨɛɥɣ ɢ ² ɫɩɥʀɝ Ɋɩ ɟɫɮɡɨɷɩʁ ɫʀɝɨɩɬɭʀ ɨɠ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɩ ɒɩ ɦɩɝʀɥ ɝɝɛɡɛɝɬɺ ɞɦɛɝɩɹ ɬʀɧ·ʁ ȿʀ ɭɠɤ ɨɛɫɩɟɡɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɪɫɩɭɠ ɟɩ ɟɠɬɺɭɣ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɟɩɡɣɝɛɦɛ ɦɣɳɠ ɥɩɡɨɛ ɟɫɮɞɛ ɟɣɭɣɨɛ Ƚɣɰɩɝɛɨɨɺ ɟʀɭɠɤ ɺɥɣɰ ɜɮɦɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɪɩɦɺɞɛɦɩ ɝ ɢɛɦɮɲɠɨɨʀ ʁɰ ɟɩ ɪɩɬɣɦɷɨɩʁ ɪɫɛɱʀ ɴɠ ɢ ɫɛɨɨɷɩɞɩ ɟɣɭɣɨɬɭɝɛ Ɏ ɡɣɭɭʀ ɨɛɪɩɝɨɠɨɩɧɮ ɴɩɟɠɨɨɩɹ ɪɫɛɱɠɹ ɜɛɭɷɥɣ ɫʀɟɥɩ ɪɫɩɺɝɦɺɦɣ ɟɩ ɟʀɭɠɤ ɭɠɪɦʀ ɪɩɲɮɭɭɺ ɉɬɝʀɭɮ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɟʀɭɺɧ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɺɥ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɩ ɟɛɭɣ ɨɠ ɧɩɞ ɦɣ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɳɥʀɦ ɨɛ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ Ɇɣɳɠ ɟɠɺɥɣɧ ɟʀɭɺɧ ɮɟɛɝɛ ɦɩɬɺ ɨɛɝɲɛɭɣɬɺ ɝ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩɞɩ ɬɝɺ ɴɠɨɣɥɛ

Ɍɠɦɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɛ Ɂɣɭɣ ɪɩɩɟɣɨɱʀ ɝ ɭʀ ɲɛɬɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɥɦɛɟ ɨɩ ɭɩɧɮ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɡɣɦɣ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɛɧɣ ɍɛɥ ɦɠɞɳɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɠɬɭɣ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɩɜɬɭɩɹɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩʁ ʀɨɭɠɫɠɬɣ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɩɧ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɭɣ ɪɩɜɮɭɩɝʀ ɤ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨʀ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀʁ Ⱦɫɩɧɛɟɛ ɝɣɫʀɳɮɝɛɦɛ ɬɪʀɦɷɨʀ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫ ɬɷɥʀ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ ɔɩɜ ɮɬʀ ɲɦɠɨɣ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɩɟɨɛɥɩɝʀ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɟɦɺ ɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫ ɬɭɝɛ ɨɣɝɮ ɫɩɢɜɣɝɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɣ ɢ ɫʀɢ ɨɩɹ ɺɥʀɬɭɹ ʊɫɮɨɭɮ ʀ ɥɩɡɨɩɧɮ ɝɣɟʀɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɬɧɮɡɥɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɨɛ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛɰ Ȳɢ ɱɣɰ ɬɧɮɡɩɥ ʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɝɬɺ ɨɛɟʀɦ ɬɠɦɺɨɣɨɛ Ɋɠɫʀ ɩɟɣɲɨɩ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦ ɟʀɦɺɨɩɥ Ɇʀɬɣ ɪɛɬɩɝɣɴɛ ɬʀɨɩɡɛɭʀ ɫʀɲɥɣ ɩɢɠɫɛ ɜɮɦɣ ɝ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɨɨʀ ɝɬʀɰ ɲɦɠ ɨʀɝ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɣ Ⱦɫɩɧɛɟɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɦɛ ɜʀɟɨɣɧ ɮɟɩɝɛɧ ɬɣɫɩɭɛɧ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɦɛ ɭɣɰ ɥɩɞɩ ɩɜɫɛɢɣɦɣ ɲɮɡɣɨɱʀ Ⱦɫɩɧɛɟɛ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɩɜɣɫɛɦɛ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɫɩɬɭɮ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɦɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɮɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɛ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɣɥʀɝ ɟɩɞɦɺɟɛɦɛ ɢɛ ɟɩɫɩɞɛɧɣ ɧɩɬ ɭɛɧɣ ɪɩɫɺɟɥɩɧ ɨɛ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ Ɍʀɦɷɬɷɥʀ ɬɝɺɭɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɮɦɛɳɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɝɣɪɛɟɥʀɝ ɢɛ ɫɛɰɮɨɩɥ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɣ Ɏ ɝɠɬʀɦɦɺɰ ɪɩɰɩɫɩɨɛɰ ɜɫɛɦɣ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɮɬʀ ɲɦɠɨɣ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɣ Ɉɛɤɬɭɫɛɳɨʀɳɣɧ ɪɩɥɛɫɛɨɨɺɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣ ɞɨɛɨɨɺ ɢ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɣ ɍɛɥɮ ɦɹɟɣɨɮ ɪɩɢɜɛɝ ɦɺɦɣ ɝɬʀɰ ɪɫɛɝ ʀ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɣ Ɍɠɦɺɨɣɨ ɨɠ ɮɺɝɦɺɝ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɪɩɢɛ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɩɹ Ɏ ɞɫɩ ɧɛɟɮ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɧɠɳɥɛɨɱʀ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɛɜɩ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɬʀɦ Ɋɩɪɠɫɝɛɰ ɬɠɦɛ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɩɝɬʀɧ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɲɥɣɧɣ ʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɣɬɺ ɢ ² ɟɝɩɫʀɝ Ʌɩɡɨɠ ɬɠɦɩ ɧɛɦɩ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɨɛɬɛɧ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɥɩɝɛɦʀɝ ʀ ɧʀɫɩɳɨɣɥʀɝ ȼɮɦɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦʀɬɭɣ ɢ ɞɩɨɲɛɫɬɭɝɛ ɭɥɛɱɭɝɛ ɭɩɴɩ

Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɠ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ

Ɍɝʀɭ ɬɠɦɺɨɣɨɛ Ɍɠɦɺɨɣɨ ɫʀɟɥɩ ɝɣʁɡɟɡɛɝ ɢɛ ɧɠɡʀ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɬɠɦɛ ɍɩɧɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɮɺɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɬɝʀɭ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɪɩɳɣɫɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɬɭɛɨɷ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɟɨʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɮ ɝʀɟ ɫʀɟɨɩʁ ɩɥɩɦɣɱʀ Ɉɩɝɣɨɣ ɝ ɬɠɦʀ ɩɜɧɠɡɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɣ ɧɣ ɪɩɟʀɺɧɣ Ɋɩɟɠɥɮɟɣ ɪɫɩʁɡɟɡʀ ɥɮɪɱʀ ɪɛɦɩɧɨɣɥɣ ɜɫɩɟɺɞɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɦɣ ɪɫɩ ɲɮ ɟɠɬɛ ɺɥʀ ɨɛɲɠɜɭɩ ɜɛɲɣɦɣ ɝ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɥɫɛɺɰ ɂ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɬɠɦɛ ɞɫɛɧɩɭɩɹ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɦɣ ɥɫʀɧ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɣɥɛ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩʁ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɣ ɝ ɨʀɤ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɲɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɟɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ȼʀɜɦʀɺ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɨɛ ɦɛɭɣɨɩɹ ɺɥɮ ɨɠ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɦɣ Ɏɬɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɬɠɦɺɨɣɨɛ ɢɛɦɠɡɛɦɩ ɝʀɟ ɮɫɩ ɡɛɹ ɪɫɣɪɦɩɟɮ ɰɮɟɩɜɣ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɝɬɠ ɩɜɠɫɭɛ ɦɩɬɺ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥʀ ɬɝɺɭɛ Ɉɠɫɩɢɮɧʀɨɨɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɺɝɣɴ ɪɩɬɣɦɹɝɛɦɩ ɝʀɫɮ ɬɠɦɺɨɣɨɛ ɮ ɝɬʀɦɺ ɥɣɰ ɟɮɰʀɝ ɟɩɜɫɣɰ ʀ ɢɦɣɰ ȿɦɺ ɨɩɫɧɛɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɢɝɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɝɟɛɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɧɛ ɞʀʁ ³ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɞɩ ɪɩɫɺɟɥɮ ɟʀɤ ʀɢ ɧɠɭɩɹ ɟɩ ɧɩɞɭɣɬɺ ɜɛɡɛɨɩɞɩ Ƚɩɨɣ ɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɴɩ ɧɛɞʀɺ ɝɜɠɫɠɡɠ ʁɰ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɬɮɰɣ ɨɠɝɫɩɡɛɹ ɰɝɩɫɩɜɣ ɭɩɴɩ Ƚɛɡɥɛ ɪɫɛɱɺ ɪɩɫɩɟɡɮɝɛɦɛ ɧɫʀʁ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɪɫɩ ɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɟɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɨɠ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɭɣ ʀ ɝɩɟ ɨɩɲɛɬ ɨɛɬɩɦɩɟɡɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɝɬʀɧ ɲɩɞɩ ɢɛɜɛ ɡɛɾɳ ɑɹ ɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɟɠ ɭɠɲɮɭɷ ɧɩɦɩɲɨʀ ɫʀɲ ɥɣ ɝ ɥɣɬʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɜɠɫɠɞɛɰ ɝ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ Ʌɮɥɥɛɨɷɺ ɝ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ³ Ʌɩɥɠɤɨ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ³ Ʌɩɥɛɨɷ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨʀ ³ ɓɦɛɫɛɯɯʀɺ Ɏɦɹɜ ɦɠɨɣɧɣ ɞɠɫɩɺɧɣ ɬɠɦɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɠɤ ɥɛɢɩɥ ɜɮɦɣ ɜʀɟɨɺɥɣ ³ ɬɪɫɛɝɠɟɦɣɝʀ ɭɛ ɟɩ ɜɫʀ ɝɠɬɠɦʀ ɟɮɫɨʀ ³ Ɂɛɥ Ɋɫɩɬɭɛɥ ɍɠɦɠ ɪɠɨɷ Ⱦɛɨɬ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ȿɮɫɠɨɷ ɜɦɛɞɩɫɩɟɨʀ ɫɩɢɜʀɤɨɣɥɣ ³ ɋɩɜʀɨ Ⱦɮɟ ɭɩɴɩ

ɒɛɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɝɣɨɩɞɫɛɟɮ

Ɍʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ

Ɂɨɣɝɛ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

Ɍɠɦɺɨɣ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɪɦɣ ɝɛɭɣ ɨɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɨɛ ɪɩɞɩɟɮ ɢɛɢɟɫʀɬɭɷ ɧɩɞɦɛ ɝɣɥɦɣɥɛɭɣ ɜɛɡɛɨ ɨɺ ɝɬʀɦɺɥɩ ɨɛɳɥɩɟɣɭɣ ɴɛɬɦɣɝɱɹ ɦɹɜɩɝ ³ ɪɫɣɝɩɫɩɡɣɭɣ ɨɠɪɫɣ ɬɭɮɪɨɠ ɬɠɫɱɠ Ɏ ɥɩɡɨɩɧɮ ɬɠɦʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɝʀɟɷɧɣ ʀ ɲɛɥɦɮɨɣ ɍɛɥɣɰ ɦɹ ɟɠɤ ɜɩɺɦɣɬɺ ʀ ɝɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɪɩɝɛɡɛɦɣ ɢɝɠɫɭɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɩ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɮ Ɉɠ ɧɠɨɳɠ ɢɛ ɢɦɣɰ ɝʀɟɷɩɧ ɮ ɂɛɰʀɟ ɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɜɩɺɦɣɬɺ ɝɩɝɥɮɦɛɥʀɝ ɮ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ʁɰ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ©ɝɠɫɝɩɦɷɯɛɧɣª ³ ɦɹɟɣɨɩɝɩɝɥɛ ɧɣ ȿɦɺ ɢɛɰɣɬɭɮ ɝʀɟ ɮɬʀɦɺɥɩʁ ɨɠ ɲɣɬɭʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɭɠɡ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɲɛɥɦɮɨɬɭɝɛɧɣ ɤ ɮɬʀɦɺɥɣɧɣ ɩɜɠɫɠ ɞɛɧɣ ɉɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɪɩɳɣɫɠɨʀɳɣɰ ɩɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɴɠ ɤ ɟɩɬʀ ɢɛɦɣ ɳɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪʀɟɥɩɝɛ ɪɫɣɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɛ ɨɛɟ ɝɰɩɟɩɧ ɮ ɜɮɟɣɨɩɥ Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲ ɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɭɛɥɩʁ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɺɥɛ ɜ ɨɠ ɧɫʀɺɦɛ ɧɛɭɣ ɩɜɠɫʀɞ ɴɩ ɢɛ ɰɣɴɛɝ ɜɣ ʁʁ ɝʀɟ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɨɠɞɛɫɛɢɟʀɝ Ɏɬʀɦɺɥɛ ɨɠɲɣɬɭɷ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɢɞɛɟɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɥɛɢɥɛɰ ³ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɢ ɨɛɤɪɩɳɣɫɠ ɨʀɳɣɰ ɝɣɟʀɝ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɩʁ ɭɝɩɫɲɩɬɭʀ ɯɩɦɷɥɦɩɫʀ Ʌɫʀɧ ɥɛɢɩɥ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɬɠ ɦɺɨ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨʀ ɪʀɬɨʀ ɬɝɺɭɥɩ ɝʀ ɩɜɫɺɟɩɝʀ ɭɫɮɟɩɝʀ ɞɠɫɩʁɲɨʀ ɪɠ ɫɠɥɛɢɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟʀ ɪɫɣɥɛɢɥɣ ɭɩɴɩ Ɏ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɺɰ ɪɫɩ ɢɝʀɫʀɝ ɪɫɩɬɭɠɡɮ ɹɭɷɬɺ ɫɣɬɣ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɟʀɨɥɣ

Ɂɚɤɪɿɩɢɦɨ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ

1. ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɮɟɨɞɚɥɿɡɦ" ɑɨɦɭ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɧɢɣ ɥɚɞ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿɯ ɜɿɤɿɜ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɮɟɨɞɚɥɶɧɢɦ" 2. ɇɚ ɹɤɿ ɫɬɚɧɢ ɩɨɞɿɥɹɥɨɫɹ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɟ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɨ" 3. əɤɿ ɫɬɚɧɢ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɚɧɿɜɧɢɦɢ" 4. ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɡɚɦɨɤ" ɋɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɨɩɢɫ ɡɚɦɤɭ ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɣɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ 5. ɏɬɨ ɬɚɤɿ ɪɢɰɚɪɿ" əɤɢɦ ɛɭɥɨ ɨɡɛɪɨɽɧɧɹ ɪɢɰɚɪɹ" əɤ ɜɿɧ ɩɨɜɨɞɢɜɫɹ ɜ ɛɨɸ" 6. əɤɢɦ ɛɭɥɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɫɟɥɹɧɢɧɚ" 7. ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɨɫɬɿ" əɤɿ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɥɢ ɫɟɥɹɧɢ" 8. ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɫɟɥɹɧɫɶɤɚ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɚ" 9. əɤ ɿ ɤɨɥɢ ɭɤɥɚɞɚɜɫɹ ɲɥɸɛ" əɤɨɸ ɛɭɥɚ ɫɟɥɹɧɫɶɤɚ ɫɿɦ¶ɹ" 10. əɤɢɦ ɭɹɜɥɹɜɫɹ ɫɜɿɬ ɫɟɥɹɧɢɧɨɜɿ" 11. əɤ ɧɚ ɞɭɦɤɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɢɯ ɦɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɿɜ ɛɭɥɢ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɟɧɿ ɨɛɨɜ¶ɹɡɤɢ ɦɿɠ ɪɿɡɧɢɦɢ ɫɬɚɧɚɦɢ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ" 12. ɑɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɜ ɬɨɝɨɱɚɫɧɢɦ ɪɟɚɥɿɹɦ ɩɨɞɿɥ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɫɬɚɧɢ" 13. ɑɨɦɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɿ ɦɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɿ ɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɲɟ ɦɿɫɰɟ ɜ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɿ" əɤɭ ɪɨɥɶ ɭ ɠɢɬɬɿ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜɿɞɿɝɪɚɜɚɥɚ ɰɟɪɤɜɚ"

14. ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɦɤɿɜ əɤɭ ɪɨɥɶ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɿɞɿɝɪɚɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɠɢɬɬɿ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ" 15. ɑɨɦɭ ɫɟɥɹɧɢ ɠɢɥɢ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɚɦɢ" əɤɭ ɪɨɥɶ ɜɨɧɚ ɜɿɞɿɝɪɚɜɚɥɚ ɜ ɠɢɬɬɿ ɫɟɥɹɧɢɧɚ" 16. ɓɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɥɨ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɭɹɜɥɟɧɶ ɫɟɥɹɧɢɧɚ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɢɲɧɿɣ ɫɜɿɬ" 17. ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɢ ©ɜɚɫɚɥª ©ɜɚɫɚɥɿɬɟɬª ©ɮɟɨɞɚɥɶɧɚ ɿɽɪɚɪɯɿɹª ©ɮɟɨɞɚɥɶɧɚ ɞɪɚɛɢɧɚª

Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɠ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ

18. ɋɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ 19. ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɪɢɫɢ ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ 20. ɉɿɞɝɨɬɭɣɬɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɜɭ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɡɚ ɬɟɦɨɸ ©ɀɢɬɬɹ ɫɟɥɹɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢª 21. ɑɢ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɢ ɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɭɫɬɪɿɣ ɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɢɦ" ɋɜɨɸ ɞɭɦɤɭ ɨɛʉɪɭɧɬɭɣɬɟ ɊɋȻɅɍɃɒɈɀ ɂȻɈɚɍɍɚ ɋɣɱɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀʁ ɂɛɧɥɣ Ɂɣɭɭɺ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɇɠɭɛ Ƚɣɢɨɛɲɛɭɣ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɯɠɩɟɛɦʀɝ ʀ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɐʀɟ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ ɉɢɨɛɤɩɧɣɭɣɬɺ ʀɢ ɢɛɪɫɩɪɩɨɩɝɛɨɣɧ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɩɧ ɋɩɢɞɦɺɨɷɭɠ ɧɛɦɹɨɩɥ ʀ ɬɥɦɛɟʀɭɷ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɪɫɩ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɭɮɫɨʀɫ Ɍɥɦɛɬɭɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɪɫɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɮ ɢɛɧɥɮ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɲɣ ɧɛɦɹɨɩɥ ɟɦɺ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɨɨɺ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟʀ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɯɫɛɞɧɠɨɭ ɫɩ ɧɛɨɮ Ƚ Ɍɥɩɭɭɛ ©Ȼɤɝɠɨɞɩª ɬɭ

Ɉɛɨɪɨɧɧɚ ɜɟɠɚ

Ȼɚɲɬɚ ɞɨɧɠɨɧ Ɂɭɛɰɿ ɛɿɣɧɢɰɿ

ɋɬɿɧɚ Ʉɚɩɥɢɰɹ Ɇɚɣɫɬɟɪɧɹ ɬɤɚɧɢɧ

ɋɩɚɥɶɧɹ Ʉɭɯɧɹ Ʉɚɛɿɧɟɬ

ȼɟɥɢɤɢɣ ɡɚɥ

Ʉɭɡɧɹ Ʉɨɧɸɲɧɹ Ʉɨɥɨɞɹɡɶ

ɉɟɤɚɪɧɹ ɋɿɦɟɣɧɚ ɤɿɦɧɚɬɚ

ɉɿɞɜɚɥɢ ɡ ɩɪɢɩɚɫɚɦɢ

Ɉɯɨɪɨɧɚ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

Ɋɫɩɛɨɛɦʀɢɮɤɭɠ ɱɣɥɦɣ ɬɠ ɦɺɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɮ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ɟɛɝɳɣ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟʀ ɨɛ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ

Ƚɣɢɨɛɲɭɠ ɢɛɨɺɭɭɺ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨʀ ɨɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɰ ɧɛɦɹɨɥɛɰ

ɚɥʀ ɢɨɛɫɺɟɟɺ ɪɫɛɱʀ ɝɣɥɩ ɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ"

ɂɞɫɮɪɮɤɭɠ ɱʀ ɢɛɨɺɭɭɺ ɢɛ ɬɠ ɢɩɨɛɧɣ

ɚɥɠ ʀɢ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɷ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɾ ɪɫɛɱɹ ɬɠɦɺɨɣɨɛ"

ɚɥ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɛ ɝɪɦɣɝɛɦɛ ɨɛ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɬɠɦɺɨɣɨɛ" ɂɫɩɜʀɭɷ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɩɥ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ ɟɩ ɧɠɭɣ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ

§ 8. Õðèñòèÿíñüêà öåðêâà â V–Õ² ñò. Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ʀ ȼɩɞ ɋɠɦʀɞʀɺ ʀ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɝɛɦɛ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɮ ɫɩɦɷ Ɏɬɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ʁʁ ɬɝʀɟɩɧʀɬɭɷ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɩɤɨɺɭʀ ɝʀ ɫɩɹ Ɏɺɝɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɪɫɩ ȼɩɞɛ ɬɝʀɭ ʀ ɦɹɟɣɨɮ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɝʀɥʀɝ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɩɬɨɩ ɝʀ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɂɞʀɟɨɩ ɢ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɮɺɝɦɠɨɨɺɧɣ ɦɹɟɣɨɮ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɝ ȼɩɞ ɨɛɟʀɦɣɝɳɣ ʁʁ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɣɧɣ ɺɥɩɬɭɺɧɣ ɟɮɳɠɹ ɫɩɢɮɧɩɧ ɧɩɝɩɹ ɪɩɲɮɭɭɺɧɣ ɥɫɛɬɩɹ ɬɣɦɩɹ Ɍɛɧɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɛ ɡɣɝʀ ʀɬɭɩɭɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ȼɩɞɩɧ ɢɛɫɛɟɣ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɏɫɛɞɧɠɨɭ ɢ ɥɛɫɭɣɨɣ Ȼɦɠ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɦɹɟɣ ³ Ȼɟɛɧ ʀ Ȱɝɛ ³ ɩɬɦɮɰɛɦɣɬɺ ȼɩɞɛ ɮɲɣ ɇɛɢɛɲɲɩ ©Ƚɣɞɨɛɨɨɺ ɢ ɋɛɹª ɨɣɝɳɣ ɞɫʀɰ ³ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ɛɜɩ ɪɠɫɝɩɫɩɟɨɣɤ ɂɛ ɱɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɣɞɨɛɨʀ ɢ ɋɛɹ Ɇɹɟɣɨɛ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɬɧɠɫɭɨɩɹ ɬɦɛɜɥɩɹ ɨɠɴɛɬ ɨɩɹ ȿɮɳɛ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɩʁ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɬɭɫɛɡɟɛɾ ɜɩ ɮɝ·ɺɢɨɠɨɛ ɝ ɞɫʀɰɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɭʀɦʀ ɐɩɫɩɳʀ ɺɥɩɬɭʀ ɪɩɲɮɭɭɺ ɮɲɣɨɥɣ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɲɠɬɨɩɭɛɧɣ ɪɩɞɛɨʀ ³ ɞɫʀ ɰɛɧɣ Ƚɩɫɩɞɛɧɣ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɬʀɧ ʁʁ ©ɬɧɠɫɭɨɣɰ ɞɫʀɰʀɝª ɞɩɫɟɣɨɺ ɢɛɢɟɫʀɬɭɷ ɞɨʀɝ ɦʀɨɩɴʀ ɡɛɟʀɜɨʀɬɭɷ ɧɛɫɨɩɭɫɛɭɬɭɝɩ ɨɠɨɛɡɠɫɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɑʀ ɞɫʀɰɣ ɳɭɩɝɰɛɦɣ ɦɹɟɣɨɮ ɨɛ ɜɫɠɰɨɹ ɭɛ ɝɬʀɦɺɥʀ ɢɦɩɲɣɨɣ Ɏɬʀ ɝʀɫɮɹɲʀ ɪɩɝɣɨɨʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɣɰɩɟɣɭɣ ɟɩ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɣɥɛ ɨɛ ɬɪɩɝʀɟɷ Ȳɟɠɛɦɩɧ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɜɮɝ ɛɬɥɠɭ ɍɛɥ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɫɛɟɣ ɦɹɜɩɝʀ ɟɩ ȼɩɞɛ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɫʀɟɨɣɰ ɮɬʀɰ ɢɛɟɩɝɩɦɠɨɷ ʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝ Ɇɹɟɣ ɝʀɫɣɦɣ ɴɩ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɟɮɳɛ ɧɩɡɠ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɭɣ ɛɜɩ ɝ ɪɠɥɦɩ ɛɜɩ ɝ ɫɛɤ Ɏɬʀ ɟɮɡɠ ɜɩɺɦɣɬɺ Ɋɠɥɦɛ Ɏ ɂɛɰʀɟɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɬɥɦɛɦɩɬɺ ɮɺɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɲɣɬɭɣɦɣɴɠ ³ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɟɠ ɟɮɳɛ ɧɩɡɠ ɩɲɣɬɭɣɭɣɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɟɫʀɜɨɣɰ ɞɫʀɰʀɝ ʀ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɭɣ ɝ ɋɛɤ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɛ ɴɩ ɲɛɬ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɣɤ ȼɩɞɩɧ ʀ ɭɩɧɮ ɝɬɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɣɦɩ ɢɛ ɟɢɝɩɨɩɧ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ Ɍɛɧ ɝʀɟɦʀɥ ɲɛɬɮ ɝʀɝɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɐɫɣɬɭɛ X ɑɢɦ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɪɟɥɿɝɿʀ ɧɚ ɠɢɬɬɹ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɨʀ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ"

ɐɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɝ Ȳ9²9Ȳ ɬɭ Ƚʀɟɭɩɟʀ ɺɥ ɫ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨ Ȳ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɣɝ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɛɧ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɩ ɬɪɩɝʀɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɝʀɫɮ ʀ ɟɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɧɩɧɠɨɭɮ ɥɩɦɣ ɪɫɣɪɣɨɣɦɛ ɬɝɩɾ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɹ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɛɱʀɹ ɺɥɮ ɨɠ ɢɧɩɞɦɛ ɢɨɣɴɣɭɣ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥɛ ɨɛɝɛɦɛ Ȼɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɛ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɢɫɩ ɬɭɛɝ ɑɠ ɪɩɺɬɨɹɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɟɦɺ ɭɩɞɩɲɛɬɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɋɣɧ ɜɮɝ ɩɟɨɣɧ ɢ ɱɠɨɭɫʀɝ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɛ ɬɭɛ

Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

Ɉʀɥɠɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɩɜɩɫ

Ɋɠɫɳɣɧ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɧ ɾɪɣɬɥɩ ɪɩɧ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɣ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɢ ɨɛɤ ɜɦɣɡɲɣɰ ɮɲɨʀɝ Ȳɬɮɬɛ ɐɫɣɬɭɛ ³ ɛɪɩɬɭɩɦɛ Ɋɠɭɫɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɝɬʀ ɪɛɪɣ ɫɣɧɬɷɥʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɬɠɜɠ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣ ɥɛɧɣ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɛɪɩɬɭɩɦɛ Ɋɠɫɠɰɫɠɴɠ ɨʀ ɢɩɦɩɭɣɤ ʀ ɬɫʀɜɨɣɤ ɥɦɹɲʀ ɛɪɩɬɭɩ ɦɛ Ɋɠɭɫɛ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ɬɣɧɝɩɦɩɧ ɪɛɪɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ȿɫɮɞɣɧ ɬɣɧɝɩɦɩɧ ɾ ɭʀɛɫɛ ³ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɤ ɮɜʀɫ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɛɪɛ ɩɟɺɞɛɾ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɮɫɩɲɣɬɭɩɬɭɠɤ ɉɬɨɩɝɩɹ ɪɛɪɬɷɥɩʁ ɭʀɛɫɣ ɾ ɧɣ ɭɫɛ ³ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɛ ɝɣɬɩɥɛ ɳɛɪɥɛ Ɍɣɧɝɩɦɛɧɣ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪʀɝ ɭɛ ɥɩɡ ɾ ɪɠɫɬɭɠɨɷ ɤ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɣɤ ɪɩɬɩɰ

ɦɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɭɣ ɺɥ ʀ ɝɠɫɰɩɝɨɩɞɩ ɡɠɫɱɺ ȿɛɝ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɋɣɧɮ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɪɩɨɭɣɯʀɥɩɧ ɛɜɩ «ɜɛɭɷɥɩɧ ɱɠɫɥɝɣª ɪɛɪɩɹ

Ɉɛ ɪɠɫɳɩɧɮ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɬɩɜɩɫʀ ɫ ɝ ɧʀɬɭʀ Ɉʀɥɠʁ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɢɨɛɨɩ ɾɟɣɨɣɧ ɪɛɭɫʀɛɫɰɩɧ ɞɩɦɩɝɩɹ

ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɨɛ ɂɛɰɩɟʀ Ɉɛ Ɍɰɩɟʀ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ ɬɷɥɮ ɱɠɫɥɝɮ ɩɲɩɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɪɛɭɫʀɛɫ ɰɣ ɥɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɛɦɠɥɬɛɨɟɫʀɤ ɬɷɥɣɤ ɛɨ ɭʀɩɰʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ʀ ɾɫɮɬɛɦɣɧɬɷɥɣɤ Ɉɛ Ɉʀɥɠɤɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɬɩɜɩɫʀ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɛ ɨɛ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɫ

ɢɛɥʀɨɲɣɦɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɭɣ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨ ɨɺ ɟɩɞɧɛɭɣ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ³ Ɍɣɧɝɩɦ ɝʀɫɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɩɪɣɬʀɝ ɡɣɭɭɺ Ȳɬɮ ɬɛ ɐɫɣɬɭɛ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɥɛɨɩɨʀɲɨɣɧɣ

ɜɮɦɣ ɝɣɢɨɛɨʀ ɦɣɳɠ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ³ Ȱɝɛɨɞɠ ɦʀɺ ɝʀɟ ɇɛɭɝʀɺ ɇɛɫɥɛ Ɇɮɥɣ ɭɛ Ȳɩɛɨɨɛ ɑʀ Ȱɝɛɨɞɠɦʀɺ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ȿʀɺɨɨɺɧɣ ɬɝɺɭɣɰ ɛɪɩɬɭɩɦʀɝ Ɋɩɬɦɛɨɨɺɧɣ ɬɝɺɭɣɰ ɛɪɩɬɭɩɦʀɝ ɭɛ ɉɜ·ɺɝɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɬɝɺɭɩɞɩ ɛɪɩɬɭɩɦɛ Ȳɩɛɨɨɛ ȼɩɞɩɬɦɩɝɛ ɬɥɦɛɦɣ Ɉɩɝɣɤ ɂɛɪɩɝʀɭ Ƚʀɨ ɬɭɛɝ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɠɨɨɺɧ Ɍɭɛɫɩɞɩ ɂɛɪɩɝʀɭɮ ³ ɢʀɜɫɛɨɨɺ ɬɭɛɫɩɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɨɣɰ ɭɠɥɬɭʀɝ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɟɦɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ ɭɛ ʀɮɟɠʁɝ Ɍɭɛɫɣɤ ʀ Ɉɩɝɣɤ ɂɛɪɩɝʀɭ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɬɥɦɛɦɣ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ ɬɷɥɮ ȼʀɜɦʀɹ ɛɜɩ Ɍɝɺɭɠ Ɋɣɬɷɧɩ ɂɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɱɠɫ ɥɝɣ ɨɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨʀ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ ɭɛ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨɠ

ɏɫɛɞɧɠɨɭ ɢ ȼʀɜɦʀʁ

ɍʀɛɫɛ ³ ɪɛɪɬɷɥɛ ɥɩɫɩɨɛ

ɐɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɝ 9²ɐȲ ɬɭ

ɡɣɭɭɺ ɂɛɰɩɟɮ ʀ Ɍɰɩɟɮ ɜɮɦɣ ɫʀɢɨɣɧɣ Ɉɛ ɂɛɰɩɟʀ ɰɫɣ ɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɛɬɺ ɢɛɬɭɮɪɣɭɣ ɢɫɮɤɨɩɝɛɨʀ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɛɧɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨʀ ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɣ ɛ ɨɛ Ɍɰɩɟʀ ɝɩɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɩɹ ɾɟɣɨɩɞɩ ɧɠɰɛɨʀɢɧɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɞɩ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɋʀɢɨɣɦɩɬɺ ɤ ɬɛɧɠ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɩ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɠ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɛ ɦɩɬɺ ɩɬɝʀɲɠɨʀɬɭɹ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɐɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɠ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɩ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɟɝʀ ɝɠɦɣ ɥʀ ɞɫɮɪɣ ɜʀɦɠ ʀ ɲɩɫɨɠ ȿɩ ɜʀɦɩɞɩ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɛ ɺɥɠ ɧɛɦɩ ɨɠɬɭɣ ɬɦɮɡɜɮ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɦɣ ɟɣɺɥɩɨɣ ɬɝɺɴɠ ɨɣɥɣ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɣ ʀ ɪɛɭɫʀɛɫɰɣ ȿɣɺɥɩɨɣ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɦɣ ɢɟʀɤɬ ȼɠɨɠɟɣɥɭɣɨɱʀ ɨɹɝɛɭɣ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨʀ ɬɦɮɡɜɣ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɣɥɛɧ Ɍɝɺɴɠɨɣɥɣ ɨɠɬ ɦɣ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɮ ɝʀɫɮ ɲɦɠɨɛɧ ɪɛɫɛɯʀʁ ɟɩ ɺɥɩʁ ɝɰɩɟɣɦɩ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɬʀɦ ɛɜɩ ɥɝɛɫɭɛɦʀɝ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ɋɛɫɛɯʀɺɨɣ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɣɤ ɪɩɟɛɭɩɥ ɨɛ ɮɭɫɣɧɛɨɨɺ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ³ ɟɠɬɺɭɣɨɮ Ʌʀɦɷɥɛ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɣɰ ɪɛɫɛɯʀɤ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪ ɬɭɝɩ ɩɲɩɦɹɝɛɨɠ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɩɧ Ȱɪɣɬɥɩɪɬɭɝɛ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɛɫɰʀɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɬɭɝɛ Ɉɛ Ɍɰɩɟʀ ɛɫɰʀɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɬɭɝɛ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɧɣɭɫɩɪɩɦʀɺɧɣ ɛ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɞɩɦʀɝ ³ ɧɣɭɫɩɪɩɦɣɭɛɧɣ Ɉɛ ɂɛ ɰɩɟʀ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɣ ɪʀɟɪɩɫɺɟɥɩɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ Ɋɛɪʀ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩɧɮ ³ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɮ ɋɣɧɛ ɒɩɫɨɠ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɩ ɲɠɫɨɠɱɭɝɩ ɢɛɫɩɟɣɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ Ɍɰɩɟʀ ɮ Ȱɞɣɪɭʀ Ʉɩɞɩ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɨɣɥ ɬɝɺɭɣɤ Ȼɨɭɩɨʀɤ ɫʀɥ ɪɫɩɝʀɝ ɬɛɧʀɭɨɣɥɩɧ ɮ ɾɞɣɪɠɭɬɷɥʀɤ ɪɮɬɭɠɦʀ Ɋʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɢʀ ɬɝɩ Ɍɝɺɭɣɤ Ȼɨɭɩɨʀɤ ʁɰ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɩɥ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɠɹ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɝ ɺɨɞɩɦɛ ɜɩɡɩɞɩ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɝ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɧɩɦɣɝɬɺ ʀ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɝ ©ɋɩɜɣ ɭɛɥ ɺɥ ɺ ³ ɬɥɛɢɛɝ ɝʀɨ Ȼɨɭɩɨʀɹ ³ ʀ ɭɣ ɝɫɺɭɮɾɳɬɺª Ȼɨɭɩɨʀɤ ɬɭɛɝ ɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɭɛɥ ɺɥ ɨɛɥɛɢɛɝ ɺɨɞɩɦ ȿɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɦɹɟɣ ɺɥʀ ɲɮɦɣ ɪɫɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɝɺɭʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɬɠɦɣɦɣɬɺ ɪɩɫɺɟ ɍɛɥ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɛ ɩɟɨɛ ɢ ɪɠɫɳɣɰ ɲɠɫɨɠɱɷɥɣɰ ɞɫɩɧɛɟ ɂɛɬɨɩɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɲɠɫɨɠɱɭɝɛ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɬɝɺɭɩ ɞɩ ȼɠɨɠɟɣɥɭɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɡɣɝ ɮ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ 9Ȳ ɬɭ Ƚʀɨ ɢɛ ɪɫɣɥɦɛɟɩɧ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɲɠɨɱʀɝ ɬɥɦɛɝ ɟɦɺ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɲɠɨ ɱʀɝ ɮɬɭɛɝ ³ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɛ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɩɬɨɩɝɩɹ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɛɱɺ ʀ ɧɩɦɣɭɝɛ ɒɠɨɱʀ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɧɣɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɺɥɠ ɢɛ Ȼɫɰʀɾɪɣɬɥɩɪ ɝɛɡɛɦɩ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɡɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɧɩɦɣɭɝɛɰ ʀ ɡɣɦɣ ɩɥɫɠɧɩ ɝʀɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ³ ɮ ɞɩɫɛɰ ɪɮɬɭɠɦɺɰ ɛɜɩ ɦʀɬɛɰ ɚɥɴɩ ɲɠɨɱʀ ɬɠɦɣɦɣɬɺ ɪɩɫɺɟ ʀɢ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɩɬɠɦɺɧɣ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɮ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ɭɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɝʀɟɩ ɥɫɠɧɦɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɧɣ ɧɮɫɛɧɣ ɤ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɮ ³ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫ Ɉɛ ɂɛɰɩɟʀ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɭɣ ɛɜɛɭɬɭɝɛɧɣ ɛ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɥɠɫʀɝ ɨɣɥʀɝ ³ ɛɜɛɭɛɧɣ ɨɛ Ɍɰɩɟʀ ³ ɦɛɝɫɛɧɣ ɂɛ ɫɛɨɨɷɩɞɩ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

Ɉɛ Ɉʀɥɠɤɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɬɩɜɩɫʀ ɢɛ ɨɛɪɩɦɺɞɛɨɨɺɧ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɛ ɛɫʀɛɨɬɭɝɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɢɨɛɨɩ ɾɫɠɬɬɹ ³ ©ɪɩɧɣɦɥɩɝɣɧɣ ɪɩɞɦɺɟɛ ɧɣª ɝʀɟɬɭɮɪɩɧ ɝʀɟ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɛ ɭɣɰ ɰɭɩ ɪʀɟɭɫɣ ɧɮɝɛɝ ɾɫɠɭɣɲɨʀ ɪɩɞɦɺɟɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɾɫɠɭɣɥɛɧɣ Ȼɫʀɛɨɬɭɝɩ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɩ ɺɥ ɫɠɦʀɞʀɤɨɣɤ ɨɛɪɫɺɧ ɮ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥʀɤ ɱɠɫɥɝʀ ɝ Ȳ9²9 ɬɭ Ƚɩɨɩ ɨɛɜɮɦɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɮ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɝʀɨɱʀɺɰ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɝɛɫɝɛɫʀɝ ³ ɩɬɭɞɩɭʀɝ ɝɠɬɭɞɩɭʀɝ ɝɛɨɟɛɦʀɝ ɜɮɫʊɮɨɟʀɝ ɭɛ ʀɨ ɂɛɬɨɮɝɛɝ ɛɫʀɛɨɬɭɝɩ ɛɦɠɥɬɛɨ ɟɫʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɣɥ Ȼɫʀɤ Ƚʀɨ ɭɝɠɫɟɣɝ ɴɩ ɐɫɣɬɭɩɬ Ɍɣɨ ȼɩɡɣɤ ɨɠ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɝ ɩɟɝʀɥɮ ɛ ɾ ɦɣɳɠ ɪɠɫ ɳɩɹ ɢʀ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɣɰ ȼɩɞɩɧ ʀɬɭɩɭ ɑɠ ɢɛɪɠɫɠɲɮɝɛɦɩ ɩɟɨɮ ɢ ɨɛɤɞɩɦɩɝɨʀ ɳɣɰ ɟɩɞɧ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɍɛɥɩɡ Ȼɫʀɤ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɝ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɣɥʀɝ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɝ ɢɛ ɫʀɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɮɬʀɰ ɱɠɫɥɩɝ ɨɩɬɦɮɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɾɪɣ ɬɥɩɪʀɝ ɨɛɟ ɨɣɧɣ Ɏ Ȳ9 ɬɭ ɛɫʀɛɨ ɬɭɝɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɠɨɠ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɩɧ ɏɠɩɟɩɬʀɾɧ

ɬɭɛɦɣ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɧɣ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɤ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ Ɏ Ȳ9²9Ȳ ɬɭ ɥɩɦɣ ɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɝɬɺ ʀ ɢɨɣɥɛɝ ɬɭɛɫɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɝɪɦɣɝɩɝɮ ɬɣɦɮ ɴɩ ɢɛɥɦɛɦɛ ɪʀɟɝɛɦɣɨɣ ɟɦɺ ɯɩɫɧɮ ɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɩɝɩʁ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ X Ʉɨɥɢ ɿ ɞɟ ɛɭɥɢ ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɿ ɞɨɝɦɚɬɢ ɋɢɦɜɨɥ ɜɿɪɢ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ" X ə ɤ ɛɭɥɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɨ ɇɨɜɢɣ Ɂɚɩɨɜɿɬ" ɇɚ ɡɜɿɬɶ ɱɨɬɢɪɶɨɯ ɽɜɚɧɝɟɥɿɫɬɿɜ

ɐɫɣɬɭɣɺɨʀɢɛɱʀɺ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ɉɛ ɧɩɧɠɨɭ ɪɛɟʀɨɨɺ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɋɣɧ ɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ʁʁ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɜɮɦɣ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɛɧɣ Ɋɫɩɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɰɫɣɬɭɣ ɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɧɛɦɛ ɮɬɪʀɰ ʀ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɍɛɥ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɩ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɦɣ ɝɠɬɭɞɩɭɣ ɩɬɭɞɩɭɣ ɝɛɨɟɛɦɣ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɛɦɠ ɮ ɯɩɫɧʀ ɛɫʀɛɨɬɭɝɛ Ɇɣɳɠ ɯɫɛɨɥɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɣɦɣɬɺ ɢɛ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɧ ɢɫɛɢɥɩɧ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɱʀ ɯɫɛɨɥɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝ ɬɛɧɠ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɢɧʀɱɨʀɦɛ ɤ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɮɭɝɠɫɟɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɂɛ ɰɩɟʀ Ʌɛɫɦ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɮɢɛɥɩɨɣɝ ɢɜɣɫɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɷ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɟɠɬɺɭɣɨɣ

ɏɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ² ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧ-

ɧɹ ɿ ɭɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɜɿɪɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɜɧɿɣ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ

Ȳɫɦɛɨɟɬɷɥʀ ɧɩɨɛɰɣ

Ƚɠɦɣɥɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɮ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨʀɢɛɱʀʁ Ȱɝɫɩ ɪɣ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɦɣ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɨʀ ʀɫɦɛɨɟɬɷɥʀ ɲɠɨɱʀ Ɍɝɩɾ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɲɠɨɱʀ ɝɜɛɲɛɦɣ ɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩɜ ɨɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɭɣ ɛ ɤ ɪɩɳɣɫɹ ɝɛɭɣ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ Ƚɩɨɣ ɬɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɣ ɟɣɝɩɝɣɡ ɨʀ ɢɛ ɥɫɛɬɩɹ ɫɮɥɩɪɣɬɨʀ ɥɨɣɞɣ ɫɠɦʀɞʀɤɨɩɞɩ ʀ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɢɧʀɬɭɮ Ɉɛ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɲɩɝɨɛɰ ʀɢ ɟɩɫɩɞɩɱʀɨɨɣɧɣ ɥɨɣɡɥɛɧɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɦɣɝɦɣ ɟɩ ɟɛɦɠɥɣɰ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɨɠɬɦɣ Ɍɦɩɝɩ ȼɩɡɠ ɟɩ ɝɛɫɝɛɫʀɝ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀ

ɐɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɝ 9²ɐȲ ɬɭ

Âåëèê³

Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ȼɫɣɭɛɨʀʁ ʀɫɦɛɨɟɬɷɥʀ ɲɠɨɱʀ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɨɛɝɠɫɭɛɭɣ ɝ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɩ ɛɨɞɦɩɬɛɥɬʀɝ Ɍɛɧɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɩɰɫɠɬɭɣɦɣ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ʀ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɦɣ ɪɩɳɣɫɣɭɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɨɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɛɦɠ ʁɧ ɜɫɛɥɮɝɛɦɩ ɬɣɦ ɴɩɜ ɩɰɩɪɣɭɣ ɝɬɹ ȼɫɣɭɛɨʀɹ ɂɫɠɳɭɩɹ Ɋɛɪɛ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɣɤ ɮɢɺɝ ɨɛ ɬɠɜɠ ɝɬɹ ɧʀɬʀɩɨɠɫɬɷɥɮ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ Ȳɢ ɨɩɝɩɹ ɬɣɦɩɹ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨʀɢɛɱʀɺ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɛɬɺ ɮ 9ȲȲȲ ɬɭ ʀ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɛ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨʀ ɟɝɛ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ ȿɩ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɟɩɦɮɲɣɝɬɺ ʀ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷ ɍɛɥ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɩɪɩɝʀɟɨɣɥʀɝ Ʌɣɫɣɦɛ ʀ ɇɠɯɩɟʀɺ ɮ Ȳɐ ɬɭ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɩ ɪɩɳɣɫɣɦɩɬɺ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɜɩɦɞɛɫ ɬɠɫɜʀɝ ɮ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɧɩɫɛɝɬɷɥʀɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ ɛ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ʀ ɨɛ ɋɮɬʀ Ɍɝɩɾɹ ɲɠɫɞɩɹ ɋɣɧ ɪɩɳɣɫɣɝ ɬɝʀɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɪɩɦɺɥʀɝ ɲɠɰʀɝ ɮɞɩɫɱʀɝ ɬɥɛɨɟɣɨɛɝɬɷɥʀ ɨɛɫɩɟɣ X ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɰɟɧɬɪɢ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ȯɜɪɨɩɢ

Ʌɦɹɨʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɫɮɰ Ɍɰɣɢɧɛ ɫ ɑɠɫɥɝɛ ɢɛɦɠɡɛɦɛ ɝʀɟ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥɣɰ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫʀɝ ɉɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨʀ ɪɩɬɛɟɣ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɲɣɧɛɦʀ ɪɫɣɜɮɭɥɣ ɞɠɫɱɩɞɣ ʀ ɞɫɛɯɣ ɨɛɟɛɝɛɦɣ ʁɰ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɫɩɟɣɲɛɧ ʀ ɟɫɮɢɺɧ ȿɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɩ ɢɛ ɬɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺɧɣ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɨɛɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɮɝɛɞɣ ɪɫɣɟʀɦɺɦɩ ɪɫɣɧɨɩɡɠɨɨɹ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɛ ɨʀɡ ɪɩɫɺɭɮɨɥɮ ɟɮɳ ɝʀɫɺɨ Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɩɝɣɴʀ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɨɠɝɟɩɝɩɦɠɨɣɰ ɭɛɥɣɧ ɬɭɛɨɩɧ ɫɠɲɠɤ Ɉɛɤɬɝʀɟɩɧʀɳɣɧɣ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ɜɮɦɣ ɲɠɨɱʀ ɛɜɛɭɬɭɝɛ Ʌɦɹɨʀ ɴɩ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ Ƚɩɨɣ ɢɟɩɜɮɦɣ ɪɩɝɛ-

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

ɞɮ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɛɬɥɠɭɣɢɧɩɧ ʀ ɪɫɛɞɨɠɨɨɺɧ ɢɧʀɨɣɭɣ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ Ʌɦɹɨʀɤɱʀ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɝɣɧɛɞɛɦɣ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɣɭɣ ɱɠɫɥɝɮ ɝʀɟ ɪʀɟɪɩɫɺɟɥɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥʀɤ ɝɦɛɟʀ ɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɣ ɬɮ ɝɩɫɮ ɟɣɬɱɣɪɦʀɨɮ ɟɦɺ ɝɬɷɩɞɩ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɛ ³ ɝʀɟ ɲɠɨɱʀɝ ɟɩ Ɋɛɪɣ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ

Ⱥɛɚɬ ² ɧɚɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɚɫ ɬɢɪɹ ɫɤɟɬɢɡɦ ² ɮɨɪɦɚ ɩɨɜɟɞɿɧɤɢ ɹɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽ ɩɪɢɞɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɛɚɠɚɧɶ ɜɿɞ Ⱥɦɨɜɭ ɜɿɞ ɪɨɡɤɨɲɿ ɣ ɧɚɜɿɬɶ ɛɿɥɶɲɨɫɬɿ ɡɪɭɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɜ ʀɠɿ ɬɚ ɫɧɿ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ ɫɨɛɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɠɞɚɧɶ ɿɡ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɫɩɨɤɭɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɝɪɿɯɿɜ Ʌɦɹɨʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɫɮɰ ɺɥ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɢɝɛɦɣ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɪɩɳɣɫɹɝɛɝɬɺ ȿɠɺɥʀ ɢ ɥɦɹɨʀɤ ɬɷɥɣɰ ɧɩɨɛɰʀɝ ɬɭɛɝɛɦɣ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɛɧɣ ɛɜɛɭɛɧɣ ʀ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɨɛɝɩɟɣɭɣ ɦɛɟ ɮ ɱɠɫɥɩɝ ɨɩɧɮ ɡɣɭɭʀ Ɉɛɫɠɳɭʀ ɩɟɣɨ ʀɢ ɨɣɰ ɬɭɛɝ Ɋɛɪɩɹ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɾɧ 9ȲȲ Ƚʀɨ ɫɩɢɞɩɫɨɮɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢɛ ɝɭʀɦɠɨɨɺ ɝ ɡɣɭɭɺ ʀɟɠɤ ɥɦɹɨʀɤɱʀɝ Ɏɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ² ɫɫ ɨɣɧ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɩɝɠɟɠɨʀ ɫɠɯɩɫɧɣ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɤ 9ȲȲ ɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɝ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɫɺɟɩɥ ɩɜɫɛɨ ɨɺ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɛɪ ɥɩɨɥɦɛɝɩɧ ³ ɢʀɜɫɛɨɨɺɧ ɥɛɫɟɣ ɨɛɦʀɝ ɝɣɴɣɰ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɰ ɩɬʀɜ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɩʁ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ

ɴɩ ɝɣɥɦɹɲɛɦɩ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɮɭɫɮɲɛɨɨɺ ɮ ɝɣɜɩɫɣ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥɣɰ ɩɬʀɜ Ƚʀɨ ɢɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɣɝ ɱɠɦʀɜɛɭ ³ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɮ ɩɟɫɮɡɠɨ ɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɰ ɩɬʀɜ ɲɣɧ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɮɝɛɝ ɨɠɟɩɭɩɫ ɥɛɨɨʀɬɭɷ ɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɣɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɺɥʀ ɫɛɨʀɳɠ ɟɠɰɭɩ ɢ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɛ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɝɬɺ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɭɣ ɝ ɬɪɛɟɩɥ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɟʀɭɺɧ ɐɟɥɿɛɚɬ ² ɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɚ ɨɞɪɭɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɭɯɨɜ ɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ Ʌɦɹɨʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɩɜɩɫ ɞɫɛɝɹɫɛ

Ȼɜɛɭ

Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɤ 9ȲȲ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɬɥɛɬɮɝɛɝ ʀɨɝɠɬɭɣɭɮɫɣ ³ ɪɫɛɝɛ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɲɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɢɛɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɝɛɭɣ ɟɮɰɩɝ ɨɣɰ ɩɬʀɜ ɨɛ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨʀ ɪɩɬɛɟɣ ɭɛ ɢɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɣɝ ɢɛɜɩɫɩ ɨɮ ɬɣɧɩɨʀʁ ³ ɪɫɩɟɛɡɮ ʀ ɥɮɪʀɝɦʀ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɣɰ ɪɩɬɛɟ Ɋɫɛɞɨɮɲɣ ɢɧʀɱɨɣɭɣ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɪɛɪɬɭɝɛ Ⱦɫɣɞɩ ɫʀɤ 9,, ɢʀɳɭɩɝɰɨɮɝɬɺ ɢ ɪɫɩɭɣɟʀɾɹ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ Ƚ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ ɝɝʀɤɳɦɩ ɪɫɩɭɣɬɭɩɺɨɨɺ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɺ 9,, ɭɛ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰɛ ,9 Ȳ ɰɩɲɛ ɱɺ ɭɫɣ ɝɛɦɛ ʀ ɝɣɬɨɛɡɦɣɝɛ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɣɦɛɬɺ ɬɧɠɫɭɹ ɪɛɪɣ ɛɦɠ ɫɠɯɩɫɧɣ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɠɨʀ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɾɧ 9,, ɢɛ ɥɦɛɦɣ ɪʀɟɝɛɦɣɨɣ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɩɬɭʀ ɪɛɪɬɭɝɛ ɝ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨʀ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ ɔɠ ɩɟɨɛ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɛ ɪɩɟʀɺ ɝ ɡɣɭɭʀ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɪɫɣɪɛɦɛ ɨɛ ɐȲ ɬɭ Ɍɮɪɠɫɠɲɥɣ ɧʀɡ ɰɫɣɬɭɣ ɺɨɬɭɝɩɧ ɂɛɰɩɟɮ ʀ Ɍɰɩɟɮ ɫ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɣ ɟɩ ɫɩɢ

ɐɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɝ 9²ɐȲ ɬɭ

ɥɩɦɮ ɬɰɣɢɧɣ Ɋɛɪɛ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɣɤ ʀ ɥɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɛɭɫʀɛɫɰ ɪɫɩɥɦɺɦɣ ɩɟɣɨ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ Ƚʀɟɭɩɟʀ ɾɟɣɨɛ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɫɩɢɟʀɦɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɫɣɧɩ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɮ ʀ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɮ Ɍɦɩɝɩ ©ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɛª ɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ ɝɬɠɬɝʀɭɨɺ ɛ ©ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɛª ³ ʀɬɭɣɨ ɨɛ ɬɪɫɛɝɡɨɺ

ɋɯɢɡɦɚ ² ɪɨɡɤɨɥ ɭ ɰɟɪɤɜɿ

f ɑɨɦɭ ɦɿɠ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɶɤɢɦɢ ɰɟɪɤɜɚɦɢ ɧɚ Ɂɚɯɨɞɿ ɬɚ ɋɯɨɞɿ ɜɿɞ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɥɢ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ" f Ʉɨɥɢ ɽɞɢɧɚ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɶɤɚ ɰɟɪɤɜɚ ɪɨɡɤɨɥɨɥɚɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɰɶɤɭ ɿ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɧɭ"

Ɂɚɤɪɿɩɢɦɨ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ 1.

əɤɭ ɪɨɥɶ ɜɿɞɿɝɪɚɜɚɥɚ ɰɟɪɤɜɚ ɜ ɠɢɬɬɿ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ"

2.

əɤɢɦ ɛɭɥɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɳɟ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɜ ɪɚɧɧɶɨɦɭ ɋɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɱɿ"

3.

əɤɿ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɪɿɲɭɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɢɯ ɫɨɛɨɪɚɯ"

4.

ɏɬɨ ɨɱɨɥɸɜɚɜ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɶɤɭ ɰɟɪɤɜɭ ɧɚ Ɂɚɯɨɞɿ"

5.

Ɂɚ ɳɨ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɢ ɤɥɸɧɿɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɪɭɯɭ"

6.

ɑɢɦ ɪ ɜɿɞɡɧɚɱɢɜɫɹ ɜ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɠɢɬɬɿ ȯɜɪɨɩɢ"

7.

əɤ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ȯɜɪɨɩɢ"

8.

əɤɢɦɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ɤɥɸɧɿɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɪɭɯɭ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ"

9.

ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɪɨɡɤɨɥɭ ɽɞɢɧɨʀ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɰɶɤɭ ɿ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɧɭ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ

10. əɤɚ ɪɨɥɶ ɱɟɧɰɿɜ ɭ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ȯɜɪɨɩɢ ɬɚ ɡɦɿɰɧɟɧɧɿ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɬɜɚ"

Ʌɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɛ ʀ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɪɠɝɨʀ ɝʀɟɧʀɨ ɨɩɬɭʀ Ɋɩ ɪɠɫɳɠ ɮ ɟɩɞɧɛɭɛɰ ɝʀɫɣ Ɋɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɨɠ ɝɣɢɨɛɾ ɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɞɩɦɩɝɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɛɪɣ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɠɪɩɞɫʀɳɣɧʀɬɭɷ ɝʀɟɥɣɟɛɾ ɝɣ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɨɨɺ ʀɨɟɮɦɷɞɠɨɱʀɤ ɢɝʀɦɷ ɨɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟ ɞɫʀɰʀɝ ɢɛ ɪɦɛɭɮ Ɋɫɛɝɩ ɬɦɛɝ·ɺ ɝɣɢɨɛɾ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɪɠɥɦɛ ʀ ɫɛɹ ɛ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɣɢɧ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɳɮɾ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɲɣɬɭɣɦɣɴɛ Ɋɩ ɟɫɮɞɠ ɝ ɩɜɫɺɟɛɰ Ʌɛɭɩɦɣɥɣ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɹɭɷ ɰɫɠɴɠɨɨɺ ɩɜɦɣɝɛɨ ɨɺɧ ɛ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨʀ ³ ɢɛɨɮɫɠɨ ɨɺɧ ɮ ɝɩɟɮ ɧɣɫɩɪɩɧɛɢɛɨɨɺ ɝ ɥɛ ɭɩɦɣɥʀɝ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɾ ɦɣɳɠ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪ ʀ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɛɟ ɟɩɫɩɬɦɣɧɣ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɮ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɥʀɝ ɮ ɬɮɜɩɭɮ ɪʀɬɭ Ɏ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɬɦɛɝɨɣɰ ɾ ʀɥɩɨɣ ɛ ɝ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɥʀɝ ɨɠ ɧɛɾ ɮ ɨɣɰ ³ ɡɣɝɩɪɣɬ Ɋɩ ɭɫɠɭɾ ɝ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨʀ ɱɠɫɥɝɩɹ Ʌɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɺɾ ɧɣ ɫɺɨɛɧ ɲɣɭɛɭɣ ȼʀɜɦʀɹ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɮ ɥɛ ɭɩɦɣɥʀɝ ʀɬɨɮɾ ɪɩɬɛɟɛ ɥɛɫɟɣɨɛɦɛ ʀɢ ,; ɬɭ ɢɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɡɠɨɣɤ ɱɠɦʀɜɛɭ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɛ ɩɟɫɮɡɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ Ɏ ɪɫɛ ɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɣɰ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɩ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɾɭɷ ɬɺ ɨɛ ɜʀɦɠ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɩɟɫɮɡɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ

ʀ ɲɩɫɨɠ ɳɦɹɜ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ

Ɋɩ ɲɠɭɝɠɫɭɠ ɮ ɢɝɣɲɛɺɰ Ɏ ɥɛɭɩ ɦɣɥʀɝ ɜɩɞɩɬɦɮɡʀɨɨɺ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɾɭɷɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɦɛɭɣɨɬɷɥɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ ʀ ɝɣɥɩ ɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɟɢɝɩɨɣɥɣ ɟɦɺ ɢɝɠɫ ɭɛɨɨɺ ɮɝɛɞɣ ɨɛ ɨɛɤɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳʀ ɧʀɬ ɱɺ ɪɫɩɪɩɝʀɟʀ ȿɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɮɬʀ ɧʀɬɱɺ ɝ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥʀɤ ɱɠɫɥɝʀ ɬɣɟɺɲʀ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɮ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɦɛɝɨɩʁ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ

§ 9. Âèíèêíåííÿ ñåðåäíüîâ³÷íîãî ì³ñòà. Ðåìåñëî ³ òîðã³âëÿ â ñåðåäíüîâ³÷íîìó ì³ñò³. Ïîâñÿêäåííå æèòòÿ Ƚɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ɏ ɋɣɧɬɷɥʀɤ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɜɮɦɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɭɛ ɥɝʀɭɮɲɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɨɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɮ ɛɟɧʀɨʀɬɭɫɛɭɣɝɨɮ ʀ ɝɩɾɨɨɮ ɯɮɨɥɱʀʁ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɜɮɦɣ ɩɬɠɫɠɟɥɛ ɧɣ ɟɠ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɩɫɞɛɨɣ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɭɩɴɩ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɱɠɨ ɭɫɛɧɣ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɭɛ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɛ Ȳɢ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟɩɧ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɢɞɛɬɦɩ ʀ ɧʀɬɷɥɠ ɡɣɭ ɭɺ ɇɛɤɟɛɨɣ ʀ ɝɮɦɣɱʀ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɩɦɺ ɤ ɪɛɬɩɝɣɴɛ Ʌʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɧɠɳɥɛɨɱʀɝ ɢɧɠɨɳɣɦɛɬɺ ɟɩ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɭɣɬɺɲ ɛɜɩ ɤ ɬɩɭɠɨɷ ɇɛɤɡɠ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɮ ɂɛɰʀɟɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɟɩɧʀɨɮɝɛɝ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɠɤɢɛɡ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɟɠɺ ɥʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ ɭɛ ɪʀɝɟɨɺ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣ ɬɝʀɤ ɫɣɭɧ ʀ ɫʀɝɠɨɷ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɧʀɡɨɛ ɫɩɟɨʀɤ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɭɛ ɫɠɢɣɟɠɨɱʀɺɧ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪʀɝ Ɏ ɐ²ɐȲ ɬɭ ɮ ɂɛɰʀɟɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɪɩɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɝʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɟɠɺɥɣɰ ɬɭɛɫɣɰ ʀ ɝɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ɔɩ ɡ ɢɮɧɩɝɣɦɩ ɝʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɧʀɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ" Ɉɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɪɫɩɱɠɬɣ ɝ ɋɮʁɨɣ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɱʀ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫ ɬɭɝɛ ɍɛɥ ɮ ɐ ɐȲ ɬɭ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɣɦɩɬɺ ɝɣɫɩɜ ɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɢɠɫɨɛ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɬɛɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɝɣɨɩɞɫɛɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɞɩɫɩɟɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɭɩɴɩ Ɏ ɬɠ ɦɺɨ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɝɣɨɣɥɛɾ ɨɛɟɦɣɳɩɥ ɬʀɦɷ ɬɷɥɩɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɫɩɟɮɥɭʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɜɧʀɨɺɭɣ ɨɛ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɲʀ ɝɣɫɩɜɣ Ɍɝɩ ɾɹ ɲɠɫɞɩɹ ɢɫɩɬɦɛ ɧɛɤɬɭɠɫɨʀɬɭɷ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɣɰ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥʀɝ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝɡɠ ɨɠ ɝɬɭɣɞɛɦɣ ɢɛɤɧɛ ɭɣɬɺ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɣɧ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩɧ ɱɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝʀɟɝɩɦʀɥɛɦɩ ʁɰ ɝʀɟ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩʁ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ ɂɫɠɳ ɭɩɹ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɝʀɟɩɥɫɠɧɣɦɩɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɬʀɦɷ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ ȿɦɺ ɢɜɮɭɮ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɪɫɩ ɟɮɥɱʀʁ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥɣ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɡɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɭɣɰ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ ɟɠ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɬɥɮɪɲɠɨɨɺ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɨɛ ɪɠɫɠɰɫɠɬɭʀ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɰ ɳɦɺɰʀɝ ɫʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɠɫɠɪɫɛɝɛɰ ɪʀɟ ɬɭʀɨɛɧɣ ɢɛɧɥʀɝ ɫɠɢɣɟɠɨ ɱʀɤ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪʀɝ ʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝ Ɋɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɝ ɱɣɰ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɪɩɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥʀɝ ȼɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ

Ƚɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɋɠɧɠɬɦɩ ʀ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦɺ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɭʀ Ɋɩɝɬɺɥɟɠɨɨɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ

Ɇɨɜɨɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ȱɡ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɦɿɫɬɚ Ȼɪɸʉʉɟ ȱɏ ɫɬ

ɉɿɫɥɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛ ɦɟɲɤɚɧɰɿɜ ɡɚɦɤɭ ɩɨɱɚɥɢ ɫɯɨɞɢɬɢɫɹ ɞɨ ɜɨɪɿɬ ɣɨɝɨ ɦɨɫɬɚ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɰɿ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɰɿ ɰɿɧɧɢɯ ɪɟɱɟɣ ɡɝɨɞɨɦ ɤɪɚɦɚɪɿ ɩɨɬɿɦ ɜɥɚɫɧɢɤɢ ɡɚʀɠɞɠɢɯ ɞɜɨɪɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɩɪɢɬɭɥɤɭ ɬɢɯ ɯɬɨ ɜɿɜ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɿ ɫɩɪɚɜɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɨɥɨɞɚɪɹ ɹɤɢɣ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɬɚɦ ɛɭɜɚɜ ɩɨɱɚɥɢ ɡɜɨɞɢɬɢ ɛɭɞɢɧɤɢ ɣ ɝɨɬɟɥɿ ɞɟ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɬɿ ɯɬɨ ɧɟ ɦɿɝ ɦɟɲɤɚɬɢ ɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿ ɡɚɦɤɭ ȱ ɫɬɚɥɨ ʀɯɧɿɦ ɡɜɢɱɚɽɦ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɢ ©ȱɞɟɦɨ ɞɨ ɦɨɫɬɭª Ɍɭɬ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɫɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɪɨɡɪɨɫɥɨɫɹ ɳɨ ɫɤɨɪɨ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɨɫɹ ɜɟɥɢɤɟ ɦɿɫɬɨ ɹɤɟ ɞɨɬɟɩɟɪ ɭ ɩɪɨɫɬɿɣ ɦɨɜɿ ɦɚɽ ɿɦ¶ɹ ©Ɇɿɫɬª ɛɨ ʀɯɧɶɨɸ ɝɨɜɿɪɤɨɸ ©Ȼɪɸʉʉɟª ɨɡɧɚɱɚɥɨ ©ɦɿɫɬª əɤ ɜɢɧɢɤɥɨ ɦɿɫɬɨ Ȼɪɸʉʉɟ" əɤɿ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɿ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɦɿɫɬɚ" ɉɭɡɠ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɛ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɝʀɟɩɥɫɠɧɦɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫ ɬɭɝɛ ʀ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɩ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲ ɨɠ ɧʀɬɭɩ ȼɮɟɣɨɥɣ ɬɭɩɺɦɣ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɭʀɬɨɩ ʀ ɧɛɦɣ ɟɝɛ ɭɫɣ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɣ Ɉɠɫʀɟɥɩ ɝɠɫɰɨʀɤ ɪɩ ɝɠɫɰ ɨɛɝɣɬɛɝ ɨɛɟ ɨɣɡɨʀɧ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɟɩɫɩɡɨɠɲɮ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɯɮɨɟɛɧɠɨɭɣ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɮɢɷɥɣɧɣ ɍɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɦɣ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɣɤ ɝɣɞɦɺɟ ɜʀɦɺ ɜɮɟɣɨɥʀɝ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩ ɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɬɛɟɣ ʀ ɞɩɫɩɟɣ ɮ ɟɝɩɫʀ ɭɫɣɧɛɦɣ ɰɮɟɩɜɮ ʀ ɪɭɣɱɹ ɂɛ ɧɮɫɛɧɣ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɧɠɳɥɛɨ ɱʀ ɧɛɦɣ ɢɠɧɠɦɷɨʀ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɣ ʀ ɝɣɨɩɞɫɛɟɨɣɥɣ X əɤɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɦɿɫɬ ɜ ȯɜɪɨɩɿ"

ɇʀɬɭɩ ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠɢʀ ɫʀɲɥɣ

Ɉɛ ɝɮɦɣɱɺɰ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ

ɋɨɛɨɪ Ɋɢɧɤɨɜɚ ɩɥɨɳɚ

Ɋɚɬɭɲɚ

Ɇɿɫɶɤɿ ɫɬɿɧɢ

Ƚɣɞɦɺɟ ɧʀɬɭɛ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

Ɉɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɧʀɬɭ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɮ ɧɛɬɮ ɞɩɫɩɟɺɨ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɣ ɜɹɫ ɞɠɫɣ ɝʀɟ ɨʀɧ %XUJ ³ ɯɩɫɭɠɱɺ Ƚɩɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɩɝɨɩɪɫɛɝɨɣɧɣ ɧɠɳɥɛɨɱɺɧɣ ɧʀ ɬɭɛ ɡɣɦɣ ɢ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɤ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɛ ɉɟɨʀ ɝɣ ɫɩɜɦɺɦɣ ʀ ɭɩɫɞɮɝɛɦɣ ɟɫʀɜɨɣɱɺɧɣ ɨɠɩɜ ɰʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɞɩɫɩɟɺɨɛɧ ʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɛɧ ɢ ɩɥɩɦɣɱɷ Ȳɨɳʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɳʀ ɝɠɦɣ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦɹ ɢ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɺɧɣ ɛɜɩ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɧɣ ɢɛɥɮɪɩɝɮɹɲɣ ʀ ɪɫɩɟɛɹɲɣ ȼɹɫɞɠɫɣ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɪɛɫɭʀʁ ɭɩɝɛɫʀɝ ɉɥɫʀɧ ɨɛɢɝɛɨɣɰ ɞɫɮɪ ɢɨɛɲɨɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɣ ɝɛɨɭɛɡɨɣɥɣ ɝɩɟɩɨɩɬɣ ɝɮɞʀɦɷɨɣɥɣ ɧ·ɺɬ ɨɣɥɣ ɪɠɥɛɫʀ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɭʀ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɛɤɨɺɭʀ ɮ ɬɯɠɫʀ ɩɜɬɦɮɞɩɝɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ɍɠɨɷɤɩɫɛɧ ɭɛ ʁɰɨɷɩɧɮ ɩɭɩɲɠɨɨɹ ɪɫɠɟ ɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɛɧ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥɩʁ ɭɛ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɢɨɛɭɨɣɧ ɦɹɟɺɧ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɦɣ ɨɛɤɥɫɛ Ƚɠɨɠɱʀɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɛɭɫɣɱʀɛɭ ɴʀ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɣ ɝ ɧʀɬɭʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɟɩɬɭɮɪ ɟɩ ɧʀɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ʀ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɢɛɧɩɡɨɣɧɣ ɜɹɫɞɠɫɛɧɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɣ ɪɛɭɫɣɱʀɛɭ ³ ɪɫɛɝ ɦɺɲɮ ɝɠɫɰʀɝɥɮ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ɉɛɤɜʀɟɨʀɳʀ ɪɫɩɳɛɫɥɣ ɧʀɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɦɠ ɜɠɺɧɣ Ɏ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ɪɦɠɜɠʁ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɟɩ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ

Ȼɸɪɝɟɪɢ ² ɩɨɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɿ ɦɟɲɤɚɧɰɿ ɡɚɯɿɞɧɨɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɯ ɦɿɫɬ ɉɚɬɪɢɰɿɚɬ ² ɦɿɫɶɤɚ ɜɟɪɯɿɜɤɚ

ɚɥ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɩ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɧʀɬɭ ɪɩɪɩɝɨɹɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɢɛ ɫɛɰɮɨɩɥ ɝɣɰʀɟɱʀɝ ʀɢ ɬʀɦ ɺɥʀ ɭʀ ɥɛɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫʀɝ ɚɥɴɩ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɮɭʀɥɛɲ ɪɫɩɡɣɝ ɮ ɧʀɬɭʀ ɫʀɥ ʀ ɩɟɣɨ ɟɠɨɷ ɭɩ ɝʀɨ ɬɭɛɝɛɝ ɝʀɦɷɨɣɧ Ɏ ɟɠɺɥɣɰ ɧʀɬɷɥɣɰ ɟɩɥɮɧɠɨɭɛɰ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɪɣɬɛɦɩɬɺ ©ɇʀɬɷɥɠ ɪɩɝʀɭɫɺ ɫɩɜɣɭɷ ɝʀɦɷɨɣɧª

Ɋɛɭɫɣɱʀʁ

Ƚɠɦɣɥʀ ɲɣɨɩɝɨɣɥɣ ɏɠɩɟɛɦɣ ȼɛɞɛɭʀ ɥɮɪɱʀ

ɋɺɟɩɝʀ ɜɹɫɞɠɫɣ

ɋɠɧʀɬɨɣɥɣ Ʌɮɪɱʀ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɱʀ

Ɉɠɜɹɫɞɠɫɣ ɪɦɠɜɬ

ȼʀɟɨɺɥɣ

X ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɜɟɪɫɬɜɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɢɯ ɦɿɫɬ

Ƚɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɋɠɧɠɬɦɩ ʀ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦɺ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɭʀ Ɋɩɝɬɺɥɟɠɨɨɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ

ɑɠɰɣ ɇɛɤɬɭɠɫɨɺ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥɛ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɺɥ ɱɠɨɭɫɣ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɫɠ ɧʀɬɨɣɲɩɞɩ ɝɣɫɩɜɨɣɱɭɝɛ Ɉɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɮ ɝʀɟ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥɣ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɺɦɣ ɪɫɩɟɮɥɱʀɹ ɨɛ ɪɫɩɟɛɡ Ƚɣɫɩɜɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɭɩɝɛɫʀɝ ɫɩɢ ɭɛɳɩɝɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɝ ɧɛɤɬɭɠɫɨʀ ɨɛ ɪɠɫɳɩɧɮ ɪɩɝɠɫɬʀ ɪɩɧɠɳɥɛɨɨɺ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥɛ Ɏɬɠ ɝɣ ɞɩɭɩɝɦɺɦɩɬɺ ɝɫɮɲɨɮ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɪɫɩ ɬɭɣɰ ɢɨɛɫɺɟɷ ɪɫɛɱʀ ɩɟɨɣɧ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɩɧ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ʀ ɟɩ ɥʀɨɱɺ ɂɛɢɝɣɲɛɤ ɧɛɤɬɭɠɫɨɺ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɛ ɢɛ ɥɫɛɧɨɣɱɹ ɟɠ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥ ɪɫɩɟɛ ɝɛɝ ɝɣɫɩɜɦɠɨʀ ɨɣɧ ɫɠɲʀ ɜɮɟɮɲɣ ɭɛɥɣɧ ɲɣ ɨɩɧ ʀ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɧ ɫɩɜʀɭɨɣɥɩɧ ʀ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɥɩɧ ɉɜɧɠɡɠɨʀɬɭɷ ɫɣɨɥɮ ɢɜɮɭɮ ɭɩɝɛɫʀɝ ɫɠ ɧʀɬɨɣɲɩɞɩ ɝɣɫɩɜɨɣɱɭɝɛ ɪɫɣɧɮɳɮɝɛɦɛ ɧɛɤɬɭɫʀɝ ɟɩ ɪɩɳɮɥɮ ɬɪɩɬɩɜʀɝ ɝɣɡɣɝɛɨɨɺ ɉɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɨɣɰ ɬɭɛɝ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦ ɫɣɨɥɮ ɤ ɮɬɮ ɨɠɨɨɺ ɥɩɨɥɮɫɠɨɱʀʁ ȿɩɜɫɩɜɮɭ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥɛ ɢɛɦɠɡɛɝ ɝʀɟ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɩɜɬɭɛɝɣɨ ȼɮɟɮɲɣ ɟɫʀɜɨɣɧ ɝɣɫɩɜɨɣɥɩɧ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥ ɧʀɞ ɝɣ ɞɩɭɩɝɣɭɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɬɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɩɝɛɫɮ ɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɺɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɯʀɢɣɲɨʀ ɭɛ ɫɩɢɮɧɩɝʀ ɢɟʀɜ ɨɩɬɭʀ Ȼɦɠ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥʀ ɨɠɞɛɫɛɢɟɣ ɰɝɩɫɩɜɛ ɪɩɧɣɦɥɛ ɝʀɟɬɮɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩʁ ɬɣɫɩɝɣɨɣ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɠ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɬɭɣ ɟɩ ɝɭɫɛɭɣ ɢɛɧɩɝ ɨɣɥɛ ɛ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ ʀ ɢɛɬɩɜʀɝ ɟɩ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ȿɦɺ ɝɣɫʀɳɠɨɨɺ ɟɠɺɥɣɰ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɰ ɪɫɩ ɜɦɠɧ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɢɮɬɣɦɦɺ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɩɝɮɹɲɣ ɱɠɰɣ

ȼɮɟʀɝɠɦɷɨɣɥɣ ɥɨɣɡɥɩɝɛ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ ;,9 ɬɭ

ɑɠɰɩɝʀ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɣ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɛ ɞɫɛɝɹɫɛ

ɐɟɯ ² ɡɚɦɤɧɟɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɿɹ ɪɟɦɿɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɨɞɧɿɽʀ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɿɫɬɚ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɚ ɡ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɭɫɭɧɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɿʀ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɿ ɩɪɢɛɭɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɢ ɒɦɠɨɣ ɱɠɰɮ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɦɣ ɩɟɣɨ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɩɪɛɨɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɩɝʀ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɣ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɛ ɛɦɠ ɪɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɝɩɨɣ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɺɦɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɭɛɾɧɨɣɱʀ ɝʀɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɱɠɰʀɝ Ƚɣɜɩɫɨɛ ɱɠɰɩɝɛ ɝɠɫɰʀɝɥɛ ɪɣɦɷɨɩ ɬɭɠɡɣɦɛ ɢɛ ɭɣɧ ɴɩɜ ɮɬʀ ɲɦɠɨɣ ɱɠɰɮ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɫɣɜɦɣɢɨɩ ɝ ɩɟɨɛɥɩɝɣɰ ɮɧɩɝɛɰ ɴɩɜ ɨʀɰɭɩ ɨɠ ɜɛɞɛɭʀɝ ɢɛ ɫɛɰɮɨɩɥ ʀɨɳɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɧɛɨɹ ɝɛɝ ɢɛɧɩɝɨɣɥʀɝ Ȳɢ ɱʀɾɹ ɧɠɭɩɹ ɝɝɩɟɣɦɣɬɺ ɬɮɝɩɫʀ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɛ ɟɠ ɲʀɭɥɩ ɝɥɛɢɮɝɛ ɦɩɬɺ ɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɞɩɟɣɨ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɭɣ ɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɝɠɫɬɭɛɭʀɝ ʀ ɪɩɧʀɲɨɣɥʀɝ ɝɣɥɩ ɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ Ɋɩɫɮɳɨɣɥʀɝ ɝɣɥɦɹɲɛɦɣ ɢ ɱɠɰɮ ɛ ɱɠ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɦɩ ɝɭɫɛɭɮ ɢɛɬɩɜʀɝ ɟɩ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɍɛɥɩɡ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɝ ɬɮɝɩɫɣɤ ɥɩɨɭɫɩɦɷ ɢɛ ɺɥʀɬɭɹ ɭɩɝɛɫɮ Ʌɫʀɧ ɝɣɫɩɜɨɣ ɱɭɝɛ ɱɠɰɣ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ʀ ɪɩɜɮɭ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɒɦɠɨɣ ɱɠɰɮ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɦɛɬɨɮ ɱɠɫɥɝɮ ɳɥɩɦɮ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɝʀɟɢɨɛɲɛɦɣ ɬɝɺɭɛ Ɉɛ ɮɭɫɣɧɛɨɨʀ ɱɠɰɮ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɟɩɝɣ ɬɣɫɩɭɣ ʀɨɝɛɦʀɟɣ Ɏ ɫɛɢʀ ɩɜɦɩɞɣ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɲɦɠɨɣ ɱɠɰɮ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɧ ɪɫɛɪɩɫɩɧ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɣ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɤ ɜɩɤɩɝɣɤ ɪʀɟɫɩɢɟʀɦ ɺɥɣɤ ɧɛɝ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɺɭɣ ɪɠɝɨɮ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɮ ɬɭʀɨɣ ɲɣ ɝɠɡʀ

Ɇɨɜɨɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

Ɂɿ ɋɬɚɬɭɬɭ ɰɟɯɭ ɩɚɪɢɡɶɤɢɯ ɬɤɚɱɿɜ ɜɨɜɧɢ ɏȱȱȱ ɫɬ

ɇɿɯɬɨ ɜ ɉɚɪɢɠɿ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɬɤɚɱɟɦ ɹɤɳɨ ɧɟ ɤɭɩɢɜ ɬɚɤɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ Ʉɨɠɟɧ ɬɤɚɱ ɦɨɠɟ ɦɚɬɢ ɭ ɫɜɨɽɦɭ ɛɭɞɢɧɤɭ ɞɜɚ ɲɢɪɨɤɿ ɜɟɪɫɬɚɬɢ ɣ ɨɞɢɧ ɜɭɡɶɤɢɣ Ʉɨɠɟɧ ɬɤɚɱ ɜɨɜɧɢ ɦɨɠɟ ɦɚɬɢ ɥɢɲɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɧɹ ɞɨ ɬɨɝɨ ɠ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɲɟ ɧɿɠ ɧɚ ɱɨɬɢɪɢ ɪɨɤɢ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɉɥɚɬɚ ɡɚ ɧɚɜɱɚɧɧɹ ɦɚɽ ɞɨɪɿɜɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɩɚɪɢɡɶɤɢɦ ɥɿɜɪɚɦ« Ⱥɛɨ ɧɚ ɫɿɦ ɪɨɤɿɜ ɛɟɡɨɩɥɚɬɧɨ Ɍɤɚɧɢɧɚ ɛɭɞɶ ɹɤɨɝɨ ʉɚɬɭɧɤɭ ɦɨɠɟ ɦɚɬɢ ɲɢɪɢɧɭ ɱɜɟɪɬɟɣ ɿɧɚɤɲɟ ɦɚɣɫɬɟɪ ɡɚɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɫɭ ɇɿɯɬɨ ɭ ɜɢɪɨɛɥɟɧɿ ɫɭɤɧɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɪɢɦɿɲɭɜɚɬɢ ɞɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɠɧɶɨʀ ɜɨɜɧɢ ɜɨɜɧɭ ɹɝɧɹɬ ɩɿɞ ɡɚɝɪɨɡɨɸ ɲɬɪɚɮɭ ɜ ɫɭ ɡɚ ɤɨɠɟɧ ɲɦɚɬɨɤ ɇɿɯɬɨ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɨɱɢɧɚɬɢ ɪɨɛɨɬɭ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ ɧɿɠ ɡɿɣɞɟ ɫɨɧɰɟ ɒɬɪɚɮ ɞɟɧɶɽ əɤɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɳɨɞɨ ɩɪɚɰɿ ɬɤɚɱɿɜ ɦɿɫɬɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɋɬɚɬɭɬɿ" əɤɿ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ ɋɬɚɬɭɬɭ ɞɨ ɡɧɚɪɹɞɶ ɩɪɚɰɿ" əɤ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɹɤɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ" ɑɨɦɭ ɋɬɚɬɭɬ ɧɟ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɜ ɩɨɱɢɧɚɬɢ ɩɪɚɰɸ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ ɧɿɠ ɡɿɣɞɟ ɫɨɧɰɟ" ɑɨɦɭ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɥɢ ɬɚɤɿ ɠɨɪɫɬɤɿ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɳɨɞɨ ɭɱɧɿɜ" ȿɩ ɱɠɰɮ ɝɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɩɜɣɫɛɦɣ ɞɩɦɩɝɮ ʀ ɫɛɟɮ ɱɠɰɮ Ɋʀɟɧɛɤɬ ɭɫɣ ɪɩɧʀɲɨɣɥɣ ɧɛɤɬɭɫʀɝ ɲɦɠɨɛɧɣ ɱɠɰɮ ɨɠ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɣɬɺ ɛ ɩɭɡɠ ɨɠ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɣɝʀɦɠɺɧɣ ʀ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɣ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɝɛɭɣ ɝɦɛɬɨɮ ɬɪɫɛɝɮ ɔɩɜ ɬɭɛɭɣ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɩɧ ɪʀɟɧɛɤɬɭɠɫ ɪɩɝɣɨɠɨ ɜɮɝ ɩɝɩɦɩɟʀɭɣ ɭɩɨɥɩɴɛɧɣ ʀ ɬɠɥɫɠɭɛɧɣ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɪɫɩɤɭɣ ɝɣɪɫɩɜɮɝɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɝɣɫʀɜ ɺɥɣɤ ɜɣ ɢɛɬɝʀɟɲɮɝɛɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɛɤɬɭɠɫ ɨʀɬɭɷ Ɏ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɱɠɤ ɝɣɫʀɜ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɝɬɺ ɳɠɟɠɝɫɩɧ ³ ©FKHI G·RHXYUHª Ɉɣɡɲɠ ɝʀɟ ɪʀɟɧɛɤɬɭɫɛ ɢɛ ʀɾɫɛɫɰʀɲɨɩɹ ɟɫɛɜɣɨɩɹ ɜɮɦɣ ɮɲɨʀ ɺɥɣɰ ʀɴɠ ɝ ɟɣɭɣɨɬɭɝʀ ɝʀɟɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɛɧ ɨɛ ɨɛɝɲɛɨɨɺ Ɍɪɠɫɳɮ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɫɩɦɷ ɬɦɮɞɣ ɚɥɴɩ ɨɛɝɲɛɨɨɺ ɤɳɦɩ ɮɬɪʀɳɨɩ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɣ ɨɠ ɪɩɬɪʀɳɛɦɣ ɫɩɢɥɫɣɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɬɠɥɫɠɭɣ ɮɲɠɨɷ ɧʀɞ ɬɭɛɭɣ ɪʀɟɧɛɤɬɭɫɩɧ ɑɠɰɩɝɛ ʀɾɫɛɫɰʀɺ ɇɛɤɬɭɠɫ Ɋʀɟɧɛɤɬɭɠɫ Ɏɲɨʀ

Ƚɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɋɠɧɠɬɦɩ ʀ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦɺ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɭʀ Ɋɩɝɬɺɥɟɠɨɨɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ

Ȳɢ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɪʀɟɧɛɤɬɭɫɛɧ ɬɭɛɝɛɦɩ ɟɠɟɛɦʀ ɝɛɡɲɠ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɭɣ ɬɭɛɭɮɬ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɛ Ɋɫɛɞ ɨɮɲɣ ɪɩɢɜɮɭɣɬɺ ɥɩɨɥɮɫɠɨɱʀʁ ɱɠɰɣ ɧɛɥɬɣ ɧɛɦɷɨɩ ɩɜɧɠɡɮɝɛɦɣ ɟɩɬɭɮɪ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɲɦɠɨʀɝ ɒɦɠɨɛɧɣ ɱɠɰɮ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɬɭɛɭɣ ɬɣɨɣ ɛɜɩ ɢɺɭʀ ɧɛɤɬɭɫʀɝ ȿɠɺɥʀ ɪʀɟɧɛɤɬɭɫɣ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɣɬɺ ɭɛɥɣɧɣ ɟɩɝʀɥɮ ɯɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɹɹ ɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɨɛɤɧɛɨɣɰ ɫɩɜʀɭɨɣɥʀɝ Ȳɢ ɪɦɣɨɩɧ ɲɛɬɮ ɱɠɰɣ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɞɛɦɷɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɫɠ ɧɠɬɦɛ ɍɫɛɪɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɝɣɪɛɟɥɣ ɥɩɦɣ ɧɛɤɬ ɭɫɣ ɢɨɣɴɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɣɨɛɰɩɟɣ ʀ ɪɠɫɠɬɦʀɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɣɨɛɰʀɟɨɣɥʀɝ f ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɰɟɯ" ɏɬɨ ɜ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɜ" f Ɂɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɨɦ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɯɬɨ ɿɡ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɯ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ ɦɚɣɫɬɟɪ ɩɿɞɦɚɣɫɬɪɢ

Ƚɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɩɜɦɛɟɮɨɥʀɝ

ɍɩɫɞʀɝɦɺ Ɇɣɰɝɛɫʀ ɭɛ ɜɛɨɥʀɫɣ ɋɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɺɥ ʀ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɛ ɬɭɛɝ ɩɟɨʀɾɹ ɢ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɮɧɩɝ ɝɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɧʀɬɭ ɍɩɫɞʀɝɦɺ ɝ ɜɛɬɠɤɨʀ Ɍɠ ɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ ɨɠ ɪɫɣɪɣɨɺɦɛɬɺ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɢɛɞɣɜɠɦʀ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ɋɫɠɬɭɣɡɨʀ ɭɩɝɛɫɣ ɜɮɝ ɪɩɪɣɭ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɝɠɫɰʀɝɥɣ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɩ ɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝ ȿɩɫɩɞʀ ɭɥɛɨɣɨɣ ɪɩɬɮɟ ɢɜɫɩɺ ɪɫɺɨɩɴʀ ³ ɱɠ ɭɠ ɨɛ ɲɩɧɮ ʊɫɮɨɭɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɛ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦɺ ɪɠɫ ɳɣɰ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɷ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɉɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨʀ ɳɦɺ ɰɣ ɪɫɩɦɺɞɛɦɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɣɧ ɧɩɫɠɧ ʀ ɫʀɲɥɛɧɣ Ɉɠ ɟɣɝ ɨɩ ɴɩ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɝɣɨɣɥɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɛɜɩ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ Ʌɮɪɠɱɷ ɬɮɟɨɩɪɦɛɝɨɣɰ ɫʀɲɩɥ ȿɦɺ ɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɩʁ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɥɛɪʀɭɛɦɣ ɛ ɤ ɬɧʀɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ȿɛɦɠɥʀ ɪɩɟɩɫɩɡʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɲɨɣɧɣ ɪʀɫɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɧɩɫɺɰ ɲɣ ɫɩɢ ɜʀɤɨɣɥɣ ɨɛ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦʀ ɞɫɛɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɥɮɪɱʀɝ ɍɛ ɥɩɡ ɨɛ ɭɩɝɛɫ ʀ ɞɫɩɳʀ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɤ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɣ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺɧɣ ɺɥɣɰ ɪɫɩɦɺɞɛɦɣ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨʀ ɳɦɺɰɣ Ɉɠɫʀɟɥɩ ɧɣɭɩ ɢɛ ɪɫɩ ɝʀɢ ɭɩɝɛɫɮ ɬɺɞɛɦɩ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɛɫɭɩɬɭʀ ȿɦɺ ɢɛɰɣɬɭɮ ɬɝɩʁɰ ʀɨɭɠɫɠɬʀɝ ɥɮɪɱʀ ɪɩ ɟʀɜɨɩ ɟɩ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɞʀɦɷ ɟʀʁ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɝɩɨɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨʀ ɥɩɧɪɛɨʀʁ ³ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɥɮɪɱʀɝ ʀɢ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ɢʀ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɱɭɝɛɧɣ ɚɫɧɛɫɩɥ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞ

ȼɿɫɛɿ

Ɋɢɝɚ

Ɏɚɥɶɫɬɟɪɛɨ ɒɬɪɚɥɶɡɭɧɞ Ƚɞɚɧɫɶɤ

Ʌɸɛɟɤ Ƚɚɦɛɭɪɝ Ⱥɦɫɬɟɪɞɚɦ

Ʌɨɧɞɨɧ Ȼɪɸɝɟ

Ⱦɛɨɢɠɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɩɹɢ

Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɮ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦɹ ɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɮ ɧɩɫʀ ɥɩɨɭɫɩɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɥɮɪ ɱʀ ɢ ʀɭɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ Ƚɠɨɠɱʀɺ ɭɛ ʉɠɨɮɺ ɟɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɥɩɨɥɮɫɮɝɛɦɣ ɢʀ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤ ɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɥɩɦɠɞɛɧɣ Ɏ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɝ ɜɛɬɠɤɨʀ ȼɛɦɭʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɫʀɝ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦɹ ɥɩɨɭɫɩɦɹɝɛɝ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɣɤ ɬɩɹɢ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ɺɥɣɤ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɨɛɢɝɮ Ⱦɛɨɢɛ ɉɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɭɩɫɞɩɝʀ ɩɪɠɫɛɱʀʁ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɫɣɨɥɛɰ ɧʀɬɭ ɛɜɩ ɨɛ ɬɠɢɩɨɨɣɰ ɺɫ ɧɛɫɥɛɰ Ɉɛ ɺɫɧɛɫɥɣ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩɞɩ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɢ ɨɛɤɜɦɣɡɲɣɰ ɧʀɬɭɠɲɩɥ ʀ ɬʀɦ ɢɝɩɢɣɦɣ ɢɠɫɨɩ ɝɣɨɩ ɭɥɛɨɣɨɣ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɭɩɝɛɫɣ Ɍɹɟɣ ɪɫɣʁɢɟɣɦɣ ɥɮɪɱʀ ɢɛɥɮɪɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɭɩ ɝɛɫɣ ɴɩɜ ɝɠɢɭɣ ʁɰ ɟɛɦʀ Ɏ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɨɛɤɝʀɟɩɧʀɳɣɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨʀ ɺɫɧɛɫɥɣ ɝ ɲɩɭɣɫɷɩɰ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ɓɛɧɪɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɫɛɯɬɭɝɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ

əɪɦɚɪɤɢ ² ɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɳɨɪɿɱɧɿ ɬɨɪɝɢ ɭ ɹɤɢɯ ɛɪɚɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɭɩɰɿ ɡ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɤɪɚʀɧ

Ɇɣɰɝɛɫʀ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ

Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ;,,, ɬɭ ɝ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɛɰ ɩɬ ɨɩɝɨɣɰ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɣɰ ɳɦɺɰʀɝ ɬɭɛɦɣɬɺ ɢɧʀ ɨɣ ʉɠɨɮɠɢɱʀ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɦɣ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɳɦɺɰ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɲɠɫɠɢ ʉʀɜɫɛɦɭɛɫ ɑɠ ɟɩɢɝɩ ɦɣɦɩ ɢɟɠɳɠɝɣɭɣ ɪɠɫɠɝɠɢɠɨɨɺ ɭɩɝɛɫʀɝ ʀ ɢɛ ɦɮɲɣɭɣ ɟɩ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩʁ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩɾɝɫɩ ɪɠɤɬɷɥʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɚɥ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟɛɾ ɳɦɺɰ ɬɮɰɩɟɩɦɩɧ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɛɦɷɪʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɦɣ ɺɥɣɤ ɜɮɝ ɢɛɨɛɟɭɩ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɲɨɣɧ ʀ ɝɛɡɥɣɧ ȼɮɟɷ ɺɥʀ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɯʀɨɛɨɬɩɝʀ ɩɪɠɫɛɱʀʁ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀ ɜɠɢ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ ɪɩɢɣɲɩɥ Ɇɹɟɠɤ ɺɥʀ ɪɩɢɣɲɛɦɣ ɞɫɩɳʀ ɪʀɟ ɪɫɩɱɠɨɭɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ

Ƚɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɋɠɧɠɬɦɩ ʀ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦɺ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɭʀ Ɋɩɝɬɺɥɟɠɨɨɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ

ɦɣɰɝɛɫɺɧɣ Ɇɣɰɝɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɪɩ ɳɣɫɠɨɣɧ ɺɝɣɴɠɧ ʀɢ ɧɩɧɠɨɭɮ ɪɩɺɝɣ ɞɫɩ ɳɠɤ Ⱦɫɩɳʀ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨʀ ɝɬʀɧ ɛ ɾ ɝɩɨɣ ɝ ɨɠɜɛ ɞɛɭɷɩɰ Ƚʀɟɬɩɭɥɣ ɢɛ ɪɩɢɣɥɛɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɝɣɬɩɥɣɧɣ Ɍɭɛɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɦɣɰɝɛɫʀɝ ɮ ɬɮ ɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɨɠɞɛɭɣɝɨɣɧ Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɛ ɧɛɬɛ ɪɦɛɭɠɡʀɝ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɞɩɭʀɝɥɩɹ Ƚɫɛɰɩɝɮɹɲɣ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɭɩɟʀ ɝ ɞɫɩɳɩɝɩɧɮ ɩɜʀɞɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɢɩɦɩɭɣɰ ʀ ɬɫʀɜɨɣɰ ɧɩɨɠɭ ɺɥʀ ɥɛɫ ɜɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɭɛ Ȼɢʀʁ ɛɥɭɮɛɦɷɨɩɹ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɪɫɩɯɠɬʀɺ ɧʀɨɺɦ Ʌɫʀɧ ɩɜɧʀɨɮ ɧɩɨɠɭ ɝɩɨɣ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɥɩɨɭɫɩɦɹɝɛɦɣ ʀ ʁɰɨɹ ɺɥʀɬɭɷ ɜɩ ɯɛɦɷɳɣɝʀ ɞɫɩɳʀ ʀɢ ɟɩɧʀɳ ɥɛɧɣ ɨɠɜɦɛɞɩɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɧɠɭɛɦʀɝ ʀ ɢʀɪɬɩɝɛɨʀ ɝɛɞɛ ɧɩɨɠɭɣ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɦɛ ɨɩɧʀɨɛɦɮ

ɭɫɛɪɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɟɩɝɩɦʀ ɲɛɬɭɩ Ɏ ;,9 ɬɭ ɦɣɰɝɛɫʀ ɭɛ ɧʀɨɺɦɣ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɜɛɨɥʀɝ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɜɛɨɥɣ ɨɛ ɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɟɝʀ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɪɩɬɦɮɞɣ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɦɣ ɞɫɩɳʀ ɤ ɨɛɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɥɫɠɟɣɭɣ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɪɩɢɣ ɲɛɦɣ ɞɫɩɳʀ ɢɛ ɝɣɨɛɞɩɫɩɟɮ ɪʀɟ ɪɫɩɱɠɨ ɭɣ ɋɩɢɝɣɨɮɦɛɬɺ ɨɩɝɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɫɩɢɫɛ ɰɮɨɥʀɝ ³ ɝɠɥɬɠɦɺɧɣ Ʌɢɯɜɚɪ ² ɥɸɞɢɧɚ ɹɤɚ ɧɚɞɚɽ ɝɪɨ ɲɨɜɿ ɩɨɡɢɤɢ ɩɿɞ ɜɿɞɫɨɬɤɢ ² ɰɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɡɚ ɹɤɢɦ ȼɟɤɫɟɥɶ ɨɞɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɚ ɞɨɪɭɱɚɽ ɿɧɲɿɣ ɭ ɩɟɜɧɨɦɭ ɦɿɫɬɿ ɜɢɩɥɚɬɢɬɢ ɬɪɟɬɿɣ ɨɫɨɛɿ ɩɟɜɧɭ ɫɭɦɭ ɳɨ ɜɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿ

Ɏ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭɮ ɐȲȲ ³ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɐȲ9 ɬɭ

ɳɛɧɪɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɺɫɧɛɫɥɣ ɨɛɜɮɦɣ ɢɛ ɞɛɦɷɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɍɮɭ ɮ ɓɛɧɪɛɨʀ ɬɰɩɟɣɦɣɬɺ ɭɩɫɞɩ ɝɠɦɷɨʀ ɳɦɺɰɣ ɴɩ ɤɳɦɣ ɢ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ Ɉʀɟɠɫɦɛɨɟʀɝ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨɣ Ⱦɫɛɯɣ ɓɛɧɪɛɨʀ ɺɥʀ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɺɫ ɧɛɫɥʀɝ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨʀ ɪɫɣɜɮɭɥɣ ɢɛ ɜɠɢɪɠɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɢɛɰɣɬɭ ʀ ɜɠɢɪɠɥɮ ɥɮɪ ɱʀɝ ɭɛ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɭɩɝɛɫʀɝ ɚɫɧɛɫɥɣ ɟʀɺɦɣ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ Ƚɩɨɣ ɢɜɣɫɛɦɣɬɺ ɳʀɬɭɷ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɨɛ ɫʀɥ ʀ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣ ɪɩ ² ɧʀɬɺɱʀ ɪɩ ɲɠɫɢʀ ɝ ɲɩɭɣɫɷɩɰ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ Ɋɩɬɦʀ ɟɩɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɩɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ ɺɫɧɛɫɥʀɝ ɜɮɦɛ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɛ ɫɛɢ ʀ ɨɛɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɍɫɮɛ²Ɋɫɩɝɠɨ²ɍɫɮɛ²Ɇɛɨɷʁ²ȼɛɫ² Ɋɫɩɝɠɨ ɍɩɫɞʀɝɦɺ ɨɛ ɺɫɧɛɫɥɛɰ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɢ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɫɩɢɧɛɰɩɧ ɍɮɭ ɪɫɩɟɛɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɬɮɥɨɛ ɳɩɝɥ ɰɮ ɭɫɛ ɳɥʀɫɛ ɪɫɺɨɩɴʀ ɜɛɫɝɨɣɥɣ ɬʀɦɷ ɰɮɟɩɜɛ Ɉɛ ɺɫɧɛɫɥɛɰ ɨɛɟɛ ɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɥɫɠɟɣɭɣ ʀ ɢɜɣɫɛɦɣɬɺ ɜɩɫ ɞɣ ɪɠɫɠɥɛɢɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɤ ɩɜɧʀɨɹɝɛ ɦɣɬɺ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨʀ ɬɮɧɣ ɞɫɩɳɠɤ Ȼɦɠ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɐȲ9 ɬɭ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɫɩɢɝɣ ɭɩɥ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ Ɋʀɫɠɨɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ ɪɩɦʀ ɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɨɠɞɛɫɛɢɟʀɝ ɮ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɫɩɢ ɝɣɭɥɮ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɝ Ɉʀɟɠɫɦɛɨɟɛɰ ɭɛ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨʀ ɺɫɧɛɫɥɣ ɝ ɓɛɧɪɛɨʀ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟɛɭɣ ɑɠɨɭɫ ɺɫɧɛɫɥɩɝɩʁ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɫɠɞʀɩ ɨɮ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɬɭɣɝɬɺ ɝ ɧʀɬɭɩ ȼɫɹʊʊɠ

ɍɛɥ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɺɥɴɩ ɥɮɪɠɱɷ ʀɢ Ɇɹɜɠ ɥɛ ɰɩɭʀɝ ɪɫɣɟɜɛɭɣ ɭɩɝɛɫ ɮ Ƚɠɨɠɱʀʁ ɭɩ ɤɩɧɮ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɣ ʁɰɛɭɣ ɢ ɞɩɭʀɝɥɩɹ ɟɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɛ ɟɩɬɭɛɭɨɷɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɨɠɬɭɣ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɮ ɬɮɧɮ ɝ ɥɩɨɭɩɫɮ ɴɩ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɺɦɛ ʀɨɭɠɫɠ ɬɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɠɨɠɱʀɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɪɛɫɭɨɠɫɛ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɭɣ ɝɠɥɬɠɦɷ ɺɥɣɤ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɢɛɧɩɝɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɝʀɟɪɫɛɝɦɺɦɣ ɟɩ Ƚɠɨɠɱʀʁ ʀ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɭɣ ɭɩɝɛɫ Ⱦɫɩɳʀ ɴɩ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɣ ɬɺ ɝ Ɇɹɜɠɥɮ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɝɠɨɠɱʀɛɨɱʀ ɟɦɺ ɢɛɥɮɪʀɝɦʀ ɭɩɝɛɫʀɝ ɮ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɭʀ ȼɛɨɥɣ ʀ ɝɠɥɬɠɦʀ ɟɛɦɣ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɤ ɪɩɳɭɩɝɰ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɭɛ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɮ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭɨɣɧɣ ɜɛɨɥʀɫɛɧɣ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɇɠɟʀɲʀ ɭɛ Ɍɭɫɩɱɱʀ ɝ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ ɏɮɞɠɫɣ ʀ Ƚɠɦɷɢɠɫɣ ɮ Ɍɝɺɴɠɨɨʀɤ ɋɣɧɬɷɥʀɤ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ɂɛɥ Ʌɠɫ ɮ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ X Ⱦɟ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɿ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɿɣ ȯɜɪɨɩɿ"

ɇʀɬɷɥɠ ɬɛɧɩɝɫɺɟɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɇʀɬɭɛ ɥɩɧɮɨɣ Ȳɢ ɝɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺɧ ɧʀɬɭ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɤ ɬɣɬɭɠ ɧɛ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɨɣɧɣ Ɉɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɬɭɩɺ ɦɛ ɩɬɩɜɛ ɲɣ ɞɫɮɪɛ ɩɬʀɜ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɛ ɬɠɨɷ ɤɩɫɩɧ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɛɜɩ ɩɜɫɛɨɛ ɬɛɧɣɧɣ ɧɠɳɥɛɨɱɺɧɣ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ƚɣɨɣɥɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɛ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɢɛɦɠɡɛɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɭɛ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɪɦɛɭɣɭɣ ɛɜɩ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɩ ɟɩ ɬɠɦɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɞɫɩ ɧɛɟɣ ɝʀɟɫɩɜɦɺɭɣ ɪɩɟɛɭɩɥ ɋɠɧʀɬɨɣɥɣ ɋɛɭɮɳɛ ɝʀɟɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɣɫɩɜʀɝ ɥɮɪɱʀ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɭɩɝɛɫɩɧ ɛɜɩ ɞɫɩɳɣɧɛ ɫɠɳɭɛ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɪɛɨɴɣɨʀ ɛɜɩ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɦɣ ʀɨɳɮ ɫɩɜɩɭɮ Ɂɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɧʀɬɭ ɩɜɭɺɡɮɝɛɦɛ ɭɛɥɛ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɦɣ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɣɭɣɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɨɠʁ ȼɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɧʀɬɭ ɢɛ ɬɝɩɜɩɟɮ ʀ ɪɫɣɝʀɦɠʁ ɫɩɢɞɩɫɨɮɦɛɬɺ ɝ ;,²;,,, ɬɭ ȿɦɺ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɬɭɩɺɨɨɺ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛɧ ɡɣɭɠɦʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɬɩɹɢɣ ³ ɥɩɧɮɨɣ ɒɠɫɠɢ ɪɩɝ ɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɪɩɟɛɫɮɨɥɣ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɜɩɫɩɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɪɩɬɣɦɠɨɨɺ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫʀɝ ɛɜɩ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɝɣɥɮɪɮ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɟɩɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɬɛɧɩɝɫɺɟɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɧɛɭɣ ɝɦɛɬɨʀ ɝɣɜɩɫɨʀ ɩɫɞɛɨɣ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɬɮɟɣ ɪɩɦʀɱʀɹ ɩɪɩɦɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɣ ɬɥɛɫɜɨɣɱɹ ɢɛɥɩɨɣ ɭɩɴɩ ɍʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɺɥʀ ɢɟɩɜɮɦɣ ɬɛɧɩɝɫɺɟɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɥɩɧɮɨɛɧɣ

Ʉɨɦɭɧɚ ² ɦɿɫɬɨ ɹɤɟ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɥɨɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɫɚɦɨɜɪɹɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ Ɋɚɬɭɲɚ ² ɛɭɞɢɧɨɤ ɭ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɦɿɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɜɪɹ ɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɥɩɧɮɨɣ ɪɩɬɭɛɦɣ ɝ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ ɝ ;, ɬɭ Ɂɣɭɠɦʀ ɧʀɬɭ ɬɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɩɹ ɧʀɡ ɪɛɪɛɧɣ ɭɛ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛɧɣ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɳɮɝɛɦɣ ɬɝɩɾ ɬɛɧɩɝɫɺɟɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ɏɬʀ ɬɪɫɩɜɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫʀɝ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝ ɪɫɣɟɮɳɣɭɣ ɱɠɤ ɫɮɰ ɮɬɪʀɰɮ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɣ ɍɛɥ ɥɩɧɮ ɨɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɫɮɰ ɬɭɛɝ ɪɩɳɣɫɹɝɛɭɣɬɺ Ȱɝɫɩɪɩɹ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɨɠ ɝɬʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɢɮɧʀɦɣ ɟɩɧɩɞɭɣɬɺ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɬɛɧɩɝɫɺɟɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɍɛɧ ɟɠ ɜɮɦɛ ɬɣɦɷɨʀɳɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛ ɮɬɪʀɰɣ ɥɩɧɮɨ ɜɮɦɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɭɣɧɲɛɬɩɝɣɧɣ Ɍɣɧɝɩɦɩɧ ɬɛɧɩɝɫɺɟɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɜɮɦɛ ɧʀɬɷɥɛ ɫɛɭɮɳɛ ³ ɪɫɣɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɟɠ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩ ɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɩɫɞɛɨɣ ɬɛɧɩɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɨɛ ɬɛɧɩɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɯɩɫɧɦɠɨɩ ɹɫɣɟɣɲɨɩ ʀ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɦɩ ɨɛɢɝɮ ɧɛɞɟɠɜɮɫɢɷɥɠ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɇʀɬɭɩ ɇɛɞɟɠɜɮɫɞ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ɺɥɠ ɩɯɩɫɧɣɦɩ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɬɭɛ ɭɮɬ ɴɩ ɬɭɛɝ ɢɫɛɢɥɩɝɣɧ ɟɦɺ ʀɨɳɣɰ X ɑɨɦɭ ɜɢɧɢɤɚɽ ɤɨɦɭɧɚɪɫɶɤɢɣ ɪɭɯ" X əɤɟ ɦɿɫɬɨ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɥɢ ɤɨɦɭɧɨɸ"

Ƚɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɋɠɧɠɬɦɩ ʀ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦɺ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɭʀ Ɋɩɝɬɺɥɟɠɨɨɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ

Ⱦɩɫɩɟɺɨɣɨ ³ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɭɣɪɮ Ɋɩɺɝɛ ʀ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɧʀɬɭ ɪʀɟɫɣɝɛɦɣ ɢɛɬɛɟɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɍɛɥ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɛ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɜɛɨɥʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ ɬɪɫɣ ɺɦɣ ɪʀɟɫɣɝɮ ɨɛɭɮɫɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ ʀ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɨɩɝɩ ɞɩ ³ ɭɩɝɛɫɨɩɞɩ ɇʀɬɭɛ ɢɧʀɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩ ɝʀɲɲɺ Ɂɣɭɠɦʀ ɧʀɬɭ ɪɩɧʀɭɨɩ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɣɰ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɢɛɨɺɭɭɺɧɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɪɩ ʀɨɳɩɧɮ ɬɪɫɣɤɧɛɦɣ ɬɝʀɭ ɜɮɦɣ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɠɨɠɫɞʀɤɨɣɧɣ ɪɩɥɦɛɟɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɨɛ ɬɝɩʁ ɬɣɦɣ ʀ ɪɣɳɛɦɣɬɺ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɮɬɪʀɰɛɧɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɢɨɛɦɣ ɪɫɩ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɣɳɨʀɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɜɮɦɣ ɝ ɥɮɫɬʀ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɰ ɨɩɝɣɨ ɍɠɧɪ ʁɰɨɷɩ ɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɜɮɝ ɝɣɴɣɧ ɝʀɟ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀ ɨɠ ɭɛɥɣɧ ɫɩɢɧʀɫɠɨɣɧ Ƚɩɨɣ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɪɩɬɪʀɳɛɦɣ ɱʀɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɲɛɬ ɨɠ ɝɣɪɛɟɥɩɝɩ ɴɩ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ɞɩɟɣɨɨɣɥ ɝɣɨɣɥ ɮ ɧʀɬɭʀ Ɂɣɭɠɦʀ ɧʀɬɭ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɦɣ ɟɩ ɮɬɪʀɰɮ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɫɩɢɜɛɞɛɭʀɭɣ ɪɫɣɧɨɩɡɣɭɣ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɝɩɨɣ Ⱦɩɫɩɟɺɨɣɨ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɦɣ ɝ ɬɪɛɟɩɥ Ɏ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɪɫɩɤ ɟɣɬɝʀɭʀɝ ɳɛɰɫɛʁɝ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɺɥʀ ɢɛ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɮ ɱʀɨɮ ɜɮɦɣ ɞɩɭɩɝʀ ɢɟɩɜɮɭɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɩ Ɏ ʁɰɨɷɩɧɮ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɨɨʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɩ ɟɛɝɛɦɩ ɬɝɩɜɩɟɮ ɛ ɬɝɩɜɩɟɛ ³ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɱʀɨɨʀɬɭɷ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ȳɢ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɨɛɴɛɟɥɣ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ɢɧʀɨɣɦɣ Ȱɝɫɩɪɮ ʀ ɝɠɬɷ ɬɝʀɭ Ɂɣɭɦɩ Ƚɣɞɦɺɟ ɡɣɭɦɛ ɢɛɦɠɡɛɝ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɰ ɮɧɩɝ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩɬɭʀ ɝɣɟɮ ɢɛɨɺɭɷ ʀ ɫʀɝɨɺ ɟɩɜɫɩɜɮɭɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɥɛ Ɍɠɦɺɨɬɷɥʀ ɰɛɭɣ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨɠ ɢɧʀɨɣɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɟɩ ;; ɬɭ Ȼ ɩɭ ɧʀɬɷɥʀ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɣ ɪɛɦɛɱɣ ʀ ɢɛɧɥɣ ɢɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɝʀɥʀɝ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɣ ɢɧʀɨ Ɍɪɩ ɫɮɟɡɮɝɛɦɣ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɣ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɩ ɝʀɟ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɛ ʀ ɟɩɬɭɮɪɨɣɰ ɧɛɭɠɫʀ ɛɦʀɝ ʀɢ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɥɛɧɠɨɹ ɛɜɩ ɫɩɜɣɦɣ ɞɦɣɨɩɜɣɭɨɣɧɣ Ʌɛɧʀɨɷ ɟɩɫɩɞɩ ɥɩɳɭɮɝɛɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɟɦɺ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɛ ɱɠɫɥɩɝ ɪɛɦɛɱʀɝ ʀ ɢɛɧ ɥʀɝ Ɉɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɟɠɫɠɝɛ ɨɠ ɝɣɬɭɛɲɛɦɩ ɭɩɧɮ ɪɠɫɠɝɛ ɞɮ ɨɛɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɥɛɧɠɨɹ ȿɛɰ ɪɩɥɫɣɝɛɦɣ ɬɩɦɩɧɩɹ ɲɣ ɩɲɠɫɠɭɩɧ Ɍɪʀɦɷɨɣɧ ɟɦɺ ɡɣɭɦɛ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɬɮ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɝɠɫɬɭɝ ɮ ɫɛɨɨɷɩɧɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɾ ɪɦɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ɏ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɜɮɟʀɝɠɦɷ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɥʀɧɨɛɭ Ƚ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɪɫɣɧʀɴɠɨɨʀ ɬɪɛɦɣ ɞɩɭɮɝɛɦɣ ʁɡɮ ʁɦɣ Ɇɣɳɠ ɢ ɐȲ²ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɢɛɧɩɡɨʀ ɞɩɫɩɟɺɨɣ ɤ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɝʀɟɩɥɫɠɧɦɹɝɛɭɣ ɬɪɛɦɷɨʀ ɝʀɟ ɥɮɰɩɨɷ ɭɛ ʁɟɛɦɠɨɷ Ɏ ɪɛɦɛɱɛɰ ɭɛ ɢɛɧɥɛɰ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɢɨɛ ɭʀ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɩɬɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɥʀɧɨɛɭ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɥʀɧɨɛɭɣ ɫɩɢ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɠ ɡɣɭɦɩ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

Ɍɰɠɧɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɮ

ɍɣɪɩɝɛ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɛ ɰɛɭɛ

Ȳɨɭɠɫ·ɾɫ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɩʁ ɰɛɭɣ

ɭɛɳɩɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɩɟɨɛ ɢɛ ɩɟɨɩɹ ʀ ɟɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩɜ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɭɣ ɢ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɪɛɦɛɱɮ ɟɩ ʀɨɳɩʁ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɩɤɭɣ ɝɬʀ ɪɫɣ ɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ Ɇɹɟɣ ɩɪɛɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɪɫɣɧʀɴɠɨɨɺ ɤ ɞɩɭɮɝɛɦɣ ʁɡɮ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɲɣ ɝʀɟɥɫɣ ɭɠ ɝɩɞɨɣɴɠ ɺɥɠ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɢɛɧʀɨɣɦɛ ɪʀɲ Ɋɠɲʀ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɐȲ9 ɬɭ ɥɩɦɣ ʁɰ ɢɛɪɩɢɣɲɣɦɣ ɝ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɰ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ ʀ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɉɬɝʀɭɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɡɣɭɦɩ ɬɛɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɬɝʀɲɥɛɧɣ ɤ ɧɛɬɦɺɨɣɧɣ ɦɛɧɪɛɧɣ ȿɩɫɩ ɞʀ ɝɩɬɥɩɝʀ ɬɝʀɲɥɣ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɪɫɣɟɜɛɭɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɢɛɧɩɡɨʀ ɦɹɟɣ Ʌɩɦɣ ɫɩɢɝɩɟɣɦɣ ɝɩɞɩɨɷ ɟɣɧ ɝɣɰɩɟɣɝ ɥɫʀɢɷ ɩɭɝʀɫ ɮ ɬɭɠɦʀ ȿɣɧɛɫʀ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɞɩɟɩɧ ɇɛɦɠɨɷɥʀ ɝʀɥɩɨɱɺ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɣ ɳɣɜɩɥ ɢɛɭɮɦɺɦɣ ʁɰ ɟɠɫɠɝ·ɺɨɣɧɣ ɝʀɥɩɨɱɺɧɣ ɳɥʀɫɩɹ ɛɜɩ ɪɮɢɣɫɠɧ ɐɩɦɩɟ ɨɩʁ ɪɩɫɣ ɬɠɦɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɫɩɟɣɨɛ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɡɣɦɛ ɝ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɪɫɣɧʀɴɠɨɨʀ ɢ ɰɮɟɩɜɩɹ Ɏɬɺ ɩɜɬɭɛɨɩɝɥɛ ɩɬɠɦʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɛɬɺ ɢ ɞɫɮɜɩ ɢɜɣɭɩɞɩ ɬɭɩɦɮ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɦɛɝ ɮɢɟɩɝɡ ɬɭʀɨ ɬɥɫɣɨʀ ɟɦɺ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɨɨɺ ɬɝɺɭɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɟɺɞɮ ɴɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɡɣɝɛɦɣ ɫɩɥɛɧɣ ɤ ɪɠ ɫɠɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɝ ɬɪɛɟɩɥ Ɍɪɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɳɣɫɩɥɩɧɮ ɦʀɡɥɮ ɛɜɩ ɨɛ ɦɛɝɛɰ Ɋɩɬɭʀɦɦɹ ɜɮɝ ɬʀɨ ɨɣɥ ɛɜɩ ɧɛɭɫɛɱ ɨɛɪɰɛɨɣɤ ɬɩɦɩɧɩɹ ɂɛ ɧɩɡɨʀ ɦɹɟɣ ɢɛɧɩɝɦɺɦɣ ɧɠɜɦʀ ɫʀɢɷɜɦɠɨʀ ʀɨɥɫɮɬɭɩɝɛɨʀ ɥɩɳɭɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɧɠɭɛɦɛɧɣ ɤ ɥɛɧʀɨɨɺɧ X Ɂɦɚɥɸɣɬɟ ɜɢɝɥɹɞ ɨɫɟɥɿ ɩɟɪɟɫɿɱɧɨʀ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɱɹ

ȳɡɛ ɭɛ ɨɛɪɩʁ Ɋɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɛ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀɝ ɰɛɫɲɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɬɥɫɩɧɨɩ ȳɦɣ ɢɛɢɝɣ ɲɛɤ ɟɝʀɲʀ ɨɛ ɟɠɨɷ ɮɫɛɨɱʀ ɤ ɮɝɠɲɠɫʀ Ɋɩɝɬɺɥɟɠɨɨɩɹ ʁɡɠɹ ɜɮɦɣ ɡɣɭɨʀɤ ɰɦʀɜ ɥɛɳʀ ɜɩɜɣ ɫʀɪɛ ɥɛɪɮɬɭɛ ɢɠɫɨɩɝɛ ɹɳɥɛ ɢ ɲɛɬɨɣɥɩɧ ɛɜɩ ɱɣɜɮɦɠɹ ɇ·ɺɬɛ ɬɪɩɡɣɝɛɦɣ ɧɛɦɩ ɍɣɧ ɪɛɲɠ ɴɩ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɫɩɥɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɟɨʀɝ ɪɩɬɭɮ ɥɩɦɣ ɧ·ɺɬɨʀ ɬɭɫɛɝɣ ʁɬɭɣ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɺɦɩɬɺ ɂɨɛɲɨɩ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɝ ɫɛɱʀɩɨʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɫɣɜɣ Ȳɢ ɬɩɦɩɟɩɴʀɝ ɢɨɛɦɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɧɠɟ ɑɮɥɩɫ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɝ ɟɩ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɢʀ Ɍɰɩɟɮ ɝ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ʀ ɜɮɝ ɟɮɡɠ ɟɩɫɩɞɣɧ ɏɫɮɥɭʀɝ ɭɛ ɩɝɩɲʀɝ ɬɪɩɡɣɝɛɦɣ ɧɛɦɩ

Ƚɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɋɠɧɠɬɦɩ ʀ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦɺ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɭʀ Ɋɩɝɬɺɥɟɠɨɨɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ

ɐɛɫɲɩɝɣɤ ɫɛɱʀɩɨ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɤ ɜʀɟɨɩɭɣ ɫʀɢɨɣɝɬɺ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɧ ɲɣɨɩɧ ɨɠ ɺɥʀɬɭɹ ɬɪɩɡɣ ɝɛɨɩɞɩ ɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹ Ɏ ɢɛɧɥɛɰ ʁɦɣ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɧ·ɺɬɛ ɪɫɣɲɩɧɮ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɟɣɲɣɨɣ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɪɩɦɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɩɬɺ ɪɫɣɝʀɦɠɾɧ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɂɛɧɩɡɨʀ ɦɹɟɣ ɪɩɦɹɜɦɺɦɣ ɞɩɭɮɝɛ ɭɣ ɤ ɟɣɝɩɝɣɡɨʀ ɬɭɫɛɝɣ ɨɛ ɥɳɭɛɦɭ ɬɧɛɡɠɨɣɰ ɪɛɝ ɲɣ ɦɠɜɠɟʀɝ ɛɜɩ ɪɛɳɭɠɭɮ ʀɢ ɬɩɦɩɝ·ʁ ɨɣɰ ɺɢɣɲɥʀɝ ȿɩ ʁɡʀ ɟɩɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɬɰʀɟɨʀ ɪɫɺɨɩɴʀ ³ ɪɠɫɠɱɷ ʀɧɜɣɫ ɞɝɩɢɟɣɥɮ ɧɮɬɥɛɭ ɥɩɫɣɱɹ ɉɟɨɛɥ ʁɰɨɺ ɝɛɫɭʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɩɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɪɫɺɨɩɴʀ ɨɛ ɝɛɞɮ ɢɩɦɩɭɛ ɨɠ ɥɩɡɨɩɧɮ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɩ ɥɣɳɠɨʀ Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɪɣɦɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ³ ɝɣɨɩ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ³ ɪɣɝɩ ɂɛ ɧʀɬɭɷ ɲɛɹ ɢɛɝɛɫɹɝɛɦɣ ɭɫɛɝɣ Ɋɩɬɮɟ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀɝ ɧɣɬɥɣ ɥɮɰɦʀ ɜɮɝ ɟɮɡɠ ɪɫɩɬɭɣɧ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɞɦɣɨɣ ɲɣ ɩɦɩɝɛ Ƚɣɫɩɜɛɧɣ ɢʀ ɬɫʀɜɦɛ ɲɣ ɢɩ ɦɩɭɛ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɢɨɛɭɷ Ƚɣɟɠɦɩɥ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛ ɬɭɩɦɩɧ ʁɦɣ ɦɩɡɥɛɧɣ ɓɧɛɭɥɣ ɧ·ɺɬɛ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɛɦɣ ɨɩɡɠɧ ʀ ʁɦɣ ɫɮɥɛɧɣ Ɍɠ ɦɺɨɣ ɬɪɩɡɣɝɛɦɣ ʁɡɮ ɢ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɧɣɬɥɣ ɝɬʀɾɹ ɬʀɧ·ɾɹ Ɉɛ ɜɠɨɥɠɭɛɰ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɬɭɛɝɣɦɣ ɩɟɨɮ ɉɜʀɟ ɞɫɛɝɹɫɛ

ɧɣɬɥɮ ɨɛ ɟɝɩɰ ɭɛ ɥɮɜɩɥ ɟɦɺ ɝɣɨɛ Ʌʀɬɭɥɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɥɣɟɛɦɣ ɪʀɟ ɬɭʀɦ ɛ ɫɮɥɣ ɝɣɭɣɫɛɦɣ ɬɥɛɭɠɫɭɣɨɩɹ X ɓɨ ʀɥɢ ɥɸɞɢ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ" ɋɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɥɿɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜ X ɑɢɦ ʀɠɚ ɬɚ ɧɚɩɨʀ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɬɢɯ ɱɚɫɿɜ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɥɢɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯ" ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɨʀ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ"

ɉɟɺɞ ʀ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɬɣ Ʌɦʀɧɛɭɣɲɨʀ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɝɣɧɛɞɛɦɣ ɩɟɺɞɛɭɣɬɺ ɭɠɪɦʀ ɳɠ ɨʀɡ ɮɜɣɫɛɦɣɬɺ ɫɣɧɦɺɨɣ Ɉɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɮ ɝʀɟ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɮɬɦɛɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɥɫɛɬɣ ɦɹɟ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɭʀɦɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɛ ɭʀɦɩ ɞɫʀɰɩɝɨɣɧ ʀ ɨɛɪɩɦɺɞɛɦɛ ɨɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɪɫɣɥɫɣɝɛɭɣ ɩɟɺɞɩɧ ɍɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɡʀɨɩɲɣɤ ʀ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɲɣɤ ɩɟɺɞ ɜɮɝ ɬɰɩɡɣɧ ɟɩɝɞɛ ɟɩ ɥɩɦʀɨ ɬɩɫɩɲɥɛ ɥɩɫɩɭɥʀ ɳɭɛɨɣ ɝɠɫɰɨɺ ɬɩɫɩɲɥɛ ɪɦɛɴ Ɏ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɲɛɝ ɟɠɟɛɦʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɫɩɢɫʀɢ ɨɺɭɣɬɺ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɩɢɨɛɥɣ ɧɩɟɣ ɂɧʀɨɣ ɬɭɣɦʀɝ ɩɟɺɞɮ ɝʀɟɜɣɝɛɦɣ ɭɩɞɩɲɛɬɨʀ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɨʀ ɝɪɩɟɩɜɛɨɨɺ ɒɩɦɩɝʀɥɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɨɩɬɣɭɣ ɭɩɝɬɭʀ ɪɛɨɲɩɰɣ ɴɩ ɝ ɐȲ9 ɬɭ ɪɠ ɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɳɭɛɨɣ ɡʀɨɥɣ ɩɟɺɞɛɦɣ ɝɣɥɦɹɲɨɩ ɬɪʀɟɨɣɱʀ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɧɩɟɮ ɧɛɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɣ ɢɛɧɩɡɨɣɰ ɝɠɫɬɭɝ ɑɠɫɥɝɛ ɨɠ ɬɰɝɛɦɹɝɛɦɛ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɠɨɨɺ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɧɩɟɩɹ ɉɟɺɞ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɝ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɝ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝʀ Ɏ ɝɜɫɛɨɨʀ ɢɛɧɩɡɨɣɰ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɦɣ ɺɬɥɫɛɝʀ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɣ ɜɛɝɩɝɨɺɨʀ ɤ ɳɩɝɥɩɝʀ ɭɥɛɨɣɨɣ ȼʀɟɨɩɭɛ ɝɟɩɝɩɦɷɨɺɦɛɬɺ ɭɠɧɨɣɧ ɩɟɺɞɩɧ ʀɢ ɞɫɮɜɩɞɩ ɟɩɧɩɭɥɛɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɩɭɨɛ Ƚɢɮɭɭɺɧ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɥʀɝ ʀ ɡʀɨɩɥ ɜɮɦɣ ɳɥʀɫɺɨʀ ɞɩɬɭɫɩɨɩɬʀ ɲɠɫɠɝɣɥɣ ɜɠɢ ɭɝɠɫɟɩʁ ɪʀɟɩɳɝɣ ȼʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɨɠɢɛɧɩɡɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɨɩɬɣɦɣ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

Ȼɨɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɩɟɺɞ ɉɟɺɞ ɝɠɦɷɧɩɡ

Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɩɟɺɞ

ɉɟɺɞ ɲɛɬʀɝ Ɂɛɨɨɣ ɟ·Ȼɫɥ

ɇɩɟɛ ɐȲ,, ɬɭ

ɇɩɟɛ ɐȲ, ɬɭ

X əɤɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɿɠ ɨɞɹɝɨɦ ɱɚɫɿɜ Ⱥɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɿ ɿ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿɯ ɜɿɤɿɜ"

Ƚɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɋɠɧɠɬɦɩ ʀ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦɺ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɭʀ Ɋɩɝɬɺɥɟɠɨɨɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ

ɟɠɫɠɝ·ɺɨʀ ɲɠɫɠɝɣɥɣ ɛɜɩ ɝɢɛɞɛɦʀ ɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɜɩɬɩɨʀɡ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨʀ ɮɜɩɫɣ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɣ ɝ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɤ ɝʀɟ ɭɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɜɠɢɪɠɫɠɫɝɨɩ ɢɧʀɨɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɂɝɣɲɨʀ ɫɮɥɛɝɣɲɥɣ ɨɛɜɮɦɣ ɢɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɝʀɥʀɝ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɩɞɩ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ Ɋɩɭɣɬɨɮɭɣ ɫɮɥɮ ɝ ɨɣɰ ɮɝɛɡɛɦɩɬɺ ɩɜɫɛɢɩɹ ɛ ɥɣɨɮɭɣ ɥɩɧɮɬɷ ɫɮɥɛɝɣɲɥɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɺɝɩɧ ɪɫɠɢɣɫɬɭɝɛ ʀ ɝɣɥɦɣɥɩɧ ɨɛ ɟɝɩɜʀɤ ɂɨɛɭɷ ɪɩɦɹɜɦɺɦɛ ɟɩɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɟɩ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɩɟɺɞɮ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɬɣ ɒɩɦɩɝʀɥɣ ɤ ɡʀɨɥɣ ɨɩɬɣɦɣ ɥɛɜɦɮɲɥɣ ɜɫɛɬɦɠɭɣ ɪɩɺɬɣ ɦɛɨɱɹɡɥɣ ɂ ɩɟɺɞɮ ɬɠɦɺɨɣɨ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɩ ɨɩɬɣɝ ɦɦɺɨɮ ɬɩɫɩɲɥɮ ɥɛɧɣɢɮ ʀ ɳɭɛɨɣ ɟɩ ɥɩɦʀɨ ɲɣ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɟɩ ɥʀɬɭɩɲɩɥ Ɋɩɝɠɫɰ ɥɛɧɣɢɣ ɝɟɺɞɛɦɣ ɴɠ ɩɟɨɮ ɟɩɝɞɮ ɬɩɫɩɲɥɮ ɢ ɳɣɫɩɥɣɧɣ ʀ ɟɩɝɞɣɧɣ ɫɮɥɛɝɛɧɣ ɜɦɮɢɮ Ƚɠɫɰɨʀɧ ɩɟɺɞɩɧ ɜɮɝ ɪɦɛɴ ɬɭɺɞɨɮɭɣɤ ɨɛ ɪɦɠɲɛɰ ɢɛ ɬɭʀɜɥɩɹ ɯʀɜɮɦɩɹ Ɏɢɣɧɥɮ ɨɩɬɣɦɣ ɛɜɩ ɞɫɮɜɩ ɝɣɲɠɬɛɨɣɤ ɩɝɠɲɣɤ ɥɩɡɮɰ ɛɜɩ ɭɠɪɦɮ ɨɛɥɣɟɥɮ ɢ ɱɮɪɥɩʁ ɭɥɛɨɣɨɣ ɲɣ ɰɮɭɫɛ

Ɂɚɤɪɿɩɢɦɨ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ 1. ɍ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɿ ɩɨɱɚɥɨɫɹ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɦɿɫɬ ɭ ȯɜɪɨɩɿ" 2. əɤɿ ɦɿɫɬɚ ȯɜɪɨɩɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɢɦɢ" 3. əɤ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɚɥɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɟ ɦɿɫɬɨ" Ɉɩɢɲɿɬɶ ɣɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɿ ɨɡɧɚɤɢ 4. ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɩɪɨɲɚɪɤɢ ɦɿɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɞɚɣɬɟ ʀɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ 5. ɓɨ ɲɬɨɜɯɚɥɨ ɪɟɦɿɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɨɛ¶ɽɞɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɜ ɰɟɯɢ" əɤɚ ʀɯɧɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɭ ɠɢɬɬɿ ɦɿɫɬɚ" 6. Ɂ ɹɤɨɸ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɜɫɹ ɲɟɞɟɜɪ" 7. ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɿ ɣ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɿ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɢ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɰɟɯɿɜ 8. ɏɬɨ ɨɛ¶ɽɞɧɭɜɚɜɫɹ ɜ ɝɿɥɶɞɿʀ" 9. ɏɬɨ ɛɭɜ ɫɨɸɡɧɢɤɨɦ ɦɿɫɬ ɭ ɛɨɪɨɬɶɛɿ ɿɡ ɫɟɧɶɣɨɪɚɦɢ" 10. ɓɨ ɛɭɥɨ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦ ɦɿɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ" 11. ɍ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɯ ɦɨɜɚɯ ɧɚɡɜɢ ɛɚɝɚɬɶɨɯ ɦɿɫɬ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ©ɛɭɪɝª ɧɿɦ ² ɮɨɪɬɟɰɹ ©ɯɚɮɟɧª ɧɿɦ ² ɝɚɜɚɧɶ ©ɱɟɫɬɟɪª ɥɚɬɢɧ ² ɬɚɛɿɪ ©ɮɭɪɬª ɧɿɦ ² ɛɪɿɞ ©ɛɪɿɞɠª ɚɧɝɥ ² ɦɿɫɬ ɬɨɳɨ Ɂɧɚɣɞɿɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɿ ɚɬɥɚɫɭ ɦɿɫɬɚ ɹɤɿ ɭ ɫɜɨʀɯ ɧɚɡɜɚɯ ɦɿɫɬɹɬɶ ɰɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤ ɜɢɧɢɤɥɢ ɰɿ ɧɚɡɜɢ Ɂɪɨɛɿɬɶ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ 12. əɤɨɸ ɛɭɥɚ ɪɨɥɶ ɥɢɯɜɚɪɿɜ ɦɿɧɹɥ ɭ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɿ ɬɚ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ" 13. ɑɨɦɭ ɠɢɬɟɥɿɜ ɦɿɫɬ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɤɢ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɭ" 14. Ɂɚ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɹɦɢ ɝɟɪɛɿɜ ɰɟɯɿɜ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɱɢɦ ɜɨɧɢ ɡɚɣɦɚɥɢɫɹ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

15. əɤɢɣ ɨɞɹɝ ɧɨɫɢɥɢ ɥɸɞɢ ɋɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɱɹ" 16. ɑɢɦ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɢɣ ɨɞɹɝ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɜɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨɝɨ" 17. ɑɢɦ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɢɣ ɨɞɹɝ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɜɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ" ɑɢɦ ɰɿ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɿ" 18. ɑɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɢ ɧɟɡɚɦɨɠɧɢɯ ɜɟɪɫɬɜ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɨɞɹɝɚɥɢɫɹ ɞɨɫɢɬɶ ɫɤɪɨɦɧɨ ɬɚ ɧɟɹɫɤɪɚɜɨ" 19. ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɪɢɫɢ ɦɨɞɢ ɋɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɱɹ ɉɪɨ ɳɨ ɦɿɝ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɫɬɢ ɨɞɹɝ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɨʀ ɥɸɞɢɧɢ"

Ɂɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɭɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɟɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɬɟɦɨɸ ©ɇɚɪɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɿɬɭ Ɉɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɣɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭª 1.

ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɿ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɿɜ ©ɦɿɝɪɚɰɿɹª ©ɫɬɚɧɢª ©ɚɥɨɞª ©ɛɟɧɟɮɿɰɿɣª ©ɮɟɨɞª ©ɮɟɨɞɚɥɿɡɦª ©ɪɢɰɚɪª ©ɩɨɜɢɧɧɨɫɬɿª ©ɞɨɧɠɨɧª ©ɫɟɧɶɣɨɪª ©ɜɚɫɚɥª ©ɰɟɯª ©ɝɿɥɶɞɿɹª ©ɥɢɯɜɚɪɫɬɜɨª ©ɦɿɫɶɤɚ ɤɨɦɭɧɚª

2.

ȼɢɤɨɧɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɸ ɤɚɪɬɨɸ ɉɨɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɿ ɪɟɝɿɨɧ Ɂɚɯɿɞɧɨʀ ȯɜɪɨɩɢ ɞɟ ɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ ɧɚɣɲɜɢɞɲɟ ɜɿɞɪɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɦɿɫɶɤɟ ɠɢɬɬɹ Ɉɤɪɟɫɥɿɬɶ ɪɟɝɿɨɧ ɞɟ ɡɚɪɨɞɢɜɫɹ ɤɨɦɭɧɚɪɫɶɤɢɣ ɪɭɯ ɉɨɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɦɿɫɬɨ ɹɤɟ ɩɟɪɲɢɦ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɥɨ ɦɚʉɞɟɛɭɪɡɶɤɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɉɪɨɫɥɿɞɤɭɣɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɿ ɲɥɹɯɢ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɨʀ ȯɜɪɨɩɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɜɲɢ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɿ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɿ ɰɟɧɬɪɢ əɤɿ ɦɿɫɬɚ ɨɛ¶ɽɞɧɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɜ Ƚɚɧɡɟɣɫɶɤɢɣ ɫɨɸɡ" əɤɿ ɞɜɿ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɿ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɢ ɩɚɧɭɜɚɥɢ ɭ ɋɟɪɟɞɡɟɦɧɨɦɨɪ¶ʀ"

3.

əɤɿ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɿ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɜ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɭɫɬɪɨʀ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿɯ ɜɿɤɿɜ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɢɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɧɿ ɡ ɚɧɬɢɱɧɿɫɬɸ"

4.

ɉɨɪɿɜɧɹɣɬɟ ɚɧɬɢɱɧɟ ɣ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɟ ɦɿɫɬɚ ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ʀɯɧɿ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɿ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ" ɑɨɦɭ ɝɨɪɨɞɹɧɢɧɚ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿɯ ɜɿɤɿɜ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɥɸɞɢɧɨɸ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɭ"

5.

ɑɨɦɭ ɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɰɟɯɨɜɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɪɟɦɟɫɥɚ"

6.

əɤ ɩɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɿ ɦɿɠ ɫɨɛɨɸ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɿ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ"

7.

əɤ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɩɥɢɧɭɥɨ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ ɋɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɱɹ"

ɂɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɱʀɨɹɝɛɨɨɺ

Çàâäàííÿ äëÿ òåìàòè÷íîãî îö³íþâàííÿ 1.

ɇɚ ɹɤɿ ɜɟɪɫɬɜɢ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɲɢɪɸɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɚɫɚɥɶɧɿ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɢ" Ȼ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝ ʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ȼ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ ʀ ɟɝɩɫɺɨ Ƚ ɬɠɦɺɨ ʀ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥʀɝ Ⱦ ɞɫɛɯʀɝ ʀ ɞɠɫɱɩɞʀɝ

2.

əɤ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɟɦɥɹ ɱɢ ɞɨɯɿɞ ɡ ɧɟʀ ɞɚɧɚ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɦ ɱɢ ɫɟɧɶɣɨɪɨɦ ɜɚɫɚɥɭ ɭ ɫɩɚɞɤɨɜɟ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɹɤ ɩɥɚɬɚ ɡɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ" Ȼ ɜɠɨɠɯʀɱʀɤ ȼ ɯɠɩɟ

3.

Ƚ ɧɛɫɥɛ Ⱦ ɝɛɬɛɦ

əɤɢɣ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɧ ɜ ɟɩɨɯɭ ɋɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɱɹ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɥɢ ©ɬɿ ɳɨ ɩɪɚɰɸɸɬɶª" Ȼ ɝɩʁɨʀɝ ȼ ɬɠɦɺɨ

4.

Ƚ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɩ Ⱦ ɯɠɩɟɛɦʀɝ

əɤɨɸ ɰɢɮɪɨɸ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɿ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀ ɡɚɦɤɭ ɞɨɧɠɨɧ" Ȼ ȼ Ƚ Ⱦ

5.

2

1

Ɏɟɨɞɚɥɚ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɿɞ ɫɜɨɝɨ ɫɸɡɟɪɟɧɚ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɥɢ Ȼ ɝɛɬɛɦɩɧ ȼ ɬɠɫɝɩɧ Ƚ ɝɛɞɛɨɭɩɧ Ⱦ ɧɛɤɬɭɠɫɩɧ

6.

Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɭ ɛɿɥɶɲɿɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɜɫɿɯ ɤɪɚʀɧɚɯ ɭ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿɯ ɜɿɤɿɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɥɢ A ɧʀɴɛɨɣ ȼ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɣ Ƚ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ Ⱦ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥɣ

7.

ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɦɿɫɶɤɨʀ ɜɟɪɯɿɜɤɢ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɥɢ Ȼ ɜɹɫɞɠɫɬɭɝɩ ȼ ɪɛɭɫɣɱʀɛɭ

Ƚ ɪɦɠɜɠɤɬɭɝɩ Ⱦ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɩ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

8.

Ɉɛ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɤɭɩɰɿɜ ɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɢɯ ɦɿɫɬɚɯ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɥɨɫɹ Ȼ ɱɠɰ ȼ ɩɫɟɠɨ Ƚ ɞʀɦɷɟʀɺ Ⱦ ɜɫɛɭɬɭɝɩ

9.

Ɇɿɫɬɚ ɹɤɿ ɜɢɛɨɪɸɜɚɥɢ ɫɜɨɽ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɢɯ ɫɟɧɶɣɨɪɿɜ ɨɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɥɢ ɧɚɡɜɭ Ȼ ɧɮɨʀɱɣɪʀɤ ȼ ɧɠɭɫɩɪɩɦʀɺ

Ƚ ɥɩɧɮɨɛ Ⱦ ɥɛɨɭɩɨ

10. ©Ƚɪɚɮ Ɏɥɚɧɞɪɿʀ Ȼɨɞɭɟɧ Ɂɚɥɿɡɧɚ Ɋɭɤɚ ɩɨɛɭɞɭɜɚɜ ɭɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɦɨɤ ɿɡ ɩɿɞɣɨɦɧɢɦ ɦɨɫɬɨɦ ɉɿɫɥɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛ ɠɢɬɟɥɿɜ ɡɚɦɤɭ ɩɨɱɚɥɢ ɫɬɿɤɚɬɢɫɹ ɞɨ ɜɨɪɿɬ ɣɨɝɨ ɦɨɫɬɭ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɰɿ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɰɿ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɰɿɧɧɢɯ ɪɟɱɟɣ ɩɨɬɿɦ ɤɪɚɦɚɪɿ ɩɨɬɿɦ ɜɥɚɫɧɢɤɢ ɡɚʀɠɞɠɢɯ ɞɜɨɪɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɣ ɩɪɢɬɭɥɤɭ ɬɢɯ ɯɬɨ ɜɿɜ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɿ ɫɩɪɚɜɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɹ ɹɤɢɣ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɛɭɜɚɽ ɬɚɦ ɫɚɦɨ ɩɨɱɚɥɢ ɡɜɨɞɢɬɢ ɛɭɞɢɧɤɢ ɿ ɜɥɚɲɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɝɨɬɟɥɿ ɞɟ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɬɿ ɤɨɬɪɿ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɠɢɬɢ ɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿ ɡɚɦɤɭ ȱ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɡɜɢɱɧɢɦ ɤɚɡɚɬɢ ³ȱɞɟɦɨ ɞɨ ɦɨɫɬɭ´ Ɍɭɬ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɫɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɪɨɡɪɨɫɥɨɫɹ ɳɨ ɧɟɜɞɨɜɡɿ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɨɫɹ ɜɟɥɢɤɟ ɦɿɫɬɨ ɹɤɟ ɣ ɞɨɫɿ ɜ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɿɣ ɦɨɜɿ ɦɚɽ ɿɦ¶ɹ ɦɨɫɬɭ ² ɚɞɠɟ ɧɚ ʀɯɧɶɨɦɭ ɞɿɚɥɟɤɬɿ ³Ȼɪɸʉʉɟ´ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɽ ³ɦɿɫɬ´ª ȼ ɭɪɢɜɤɭ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɣɞɟɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨ Ȼ ɩɟɨɮ ɢ ɪɫɣɲɣɨ ɝɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɧʀɬɭ ȼ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɯɠɩɟɛɦʀɝ ɮ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ Ƚ ɬɭɛɨɣ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ⱦ ɪɫɣɝʀɟ ɟɦɺ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɛ ɢɛɧɥɮ

11. ɇɚ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɝɟɪɛ ɮɟɨɞɚɥɚ"

Ȼ

ȼ

Ƚ

Ⱦ

12. ɉɪɨ ɳɨ ɣɞɟɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɭɪɢɜɤɭ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ©Ɍɚɦ ɫɩɢɫɢ ɜɟɪɲɧɢɤɢ ɥɚɦɚɸɬɶ ɳɨɛ ɡɛɢɬɢ ɡ ɡɦɢɥɟɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɟɣ ɫɜɨʀɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɫɤɨɪɿɲª" Ȼ ɭɮɫɨʀɫ ȼ ɩɜɦɩɞɮ ɢɛɧɥɱ Ƚ ɢʀɭɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ Ⱦ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ

Ðîçä³ë ²I²

ªÂÐÎÏÅÉÑÜÊÅ ÑÓÑϲËÜÑÒÂÎ ² ÄÅÐÆÀÂÈ Â Õ–ÕV ñò.

§ 10. ϳâí³÷íà ªâðîïà ó VIII–ÕI ñò. Ɉɩɫɧɛɨɣ ɝʀɥʀɨɞɣ ɝɛɫɺɞɣ Ɋɩɲɛɭɩɥ ,; ² ɪɠɫɳɮ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɮ ;, ɬɭ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ©ɠɪɩɰɩɹ ɨɩɫ ɧɛɨʀɝª Ɏ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛ ɺɥʀ ɡɣɦɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɨɛ əɭɦɛɨɟ ɬɷɥɩɧɮ Ɍɥɛɨɟɣɨɛɝɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɰ ʀ ɟɠɺɥɣɰ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛɰ ȼɛɦɭɣɥɣ ɫɮɳɣɦɣ ɨɛ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ɏ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ʁɰ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɛɧɣ ³ ©ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɦɹɟɷɧɣª ɂɝɣɲ ɨɩɹ ɧɩɦɣɭɝɩɹ ɭɩɟʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɩɰɛɨɨɺ ȼɩɞɛ ɝɫɺɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɝʀɟ ɦɹɭʀ ɨɩɫɧɛɨʀɝ ɥɩɦɣ ɢɨɠ ɨɛɱɷɥɛ ɜʀɦɺ ɜɠɫɠɞʀɝ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɦɣɬɺ ʁɰɨʀ ɟɩɝɞʀ ɜɠɢɪɛɦɮɜɨʀ ɥɩɫɛɜɦʀ ³ ɟɫɛɥɛɫɣ ³ ɪʀɟ ɲɩɭɣɫɣɥɮɭɨɣɧɣ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɣɧɣ ɛɜɩ ɬɧɮɞɛɬɭɣ ɧɣ ɝʀɭɫɣɦɛɧɣ ɢʀ ɬɭɫɛɰʀɭɦɣɝɣɧɣ ɫʀɢɷɜɦɠ ɨɣɧɣ ɞɩɦɩɝɛɧɣ ɟɫɛɥɩɨʀɝ ɨɛ ɨɩɬɛɰ Ɏ ɬɛɧʀɤ Ɍɥɛɨɟɣɨɛɝʀʁ ɭɣɰ ɰɭɩ ɨɠ ɰɩɭʀɝ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɭɣ ɝɟɩɧɛ ɛ ɨɛɟɛɝɛɝ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɞɮ ɡɣɭɭɹ ɬɪɩɝɨɠɨɩɧɮ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɥ ʀ ɪɫɣɞɩɟ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɝʀɥʀɨɞɛɧɣ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɨɠ ɢ·ɺɬɩɝɛɨɩ Ƚʀɥʀɨɞɣ ɪɦɛɝɛɦɣ ɨɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɨɛ ɢɛɰʀɟ ɛ ɤ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟ ȼɛɦɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɧ ɧɩɫɠɧ ʀ ɟɛɦʀ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩɹ ȿɝɣ ɨɩɹ ɟʀɬɭɛɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɟɠ ɡɣɦɣ ɬɰʀɟɨʀ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɣ ɺɥʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɲɮɡɣɨɱʀɝ ɝɛɫɺɞɛɧɣ ɍɮɭ ɝɩɨɣ ɭɩɫɞɮɝɛɦɣ ɢ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɣɧ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɮɹɲɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɯɛɥɭɩɫʀʁ ɂɛɥɦɣɥɛɨɨɺ ɝɛɫɺɞʀɝ ɰɮɟ Ƚ Ƚɛɬɨɾɱɩɝ

ɛɜɩ ɫɮɰɛɦɣɬɺ ɳɦɺɰɩɧ ©ʀɢ ɝɛɫɺɞʀɝ ɮ ɞɫɠɥɣª ɟɛɦʀ ɟɩ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ Ƚɛɫɺɢɷɥʀ ɟɫɮ ɡɣɨɣ ɨɛɤɧɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ʀɧɪɠ ɫɛɭɩɫʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɝɣɬɩɥɩ ɱʀɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɰɩɫɩɜɫʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɮ ɧɛɤɬɭɠɫɨʀɬɭɷ ɨɩɫɧɛɨʀɝ Ɋɩɰɩɟɣ ɝʀɥʀɨɞʀɝ ɜɮɦɣ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɷɩɹ ɰɝɣ ɦɠɹ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ Ɋɠɫ ɳɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɰɝɣɦɺ ɝ 9²9, ɬɭ ɢɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɮ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɹ ʀ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɛ ɟɩ ɪɩɺɝɣ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ³ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɩ ɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝ ȿɫɮɞɛ ɰɝɣɦɺ ɝ ,;²;, ɬɭ ɟɩɥɩɭɣ ɦɛɬɺ ɟɩ ɨɩɝɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ƚʀɥʀɨɞɣ ɨɠ ɢɧɩɞɦɣ ɢɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɭɣ ʁʁ ɭɩɧɮ ɢɧɮɳɠɨʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɣɬɭɩ ɬɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɨɠʁ ɢɛɪɩɢɣɲɮɹɲɣ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀʁ ɭɛ Ƚɩʁɨɣ ɝʀɥʀɨɞɣ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɹɭɷ ɨɛɜʀɞ ɨɛ ɪɩɫɺɟɥɣ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ

Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ Ȱɝɫɩɪɛ ɮ 9,,,²ɐ, ɬɭ

X əɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶ ©ɟɩɨɯɨɸ ɧɨɪɦɚɧɿɜª"

Ɋɩɰɩɟɣ ɝʀɥʀɨɞʀɝ ȿɩ ɥʀɨɱɺ 9,,, ɬɭ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɦɣ ɪɫɩ ɨɩɫɧɛɨʀɝ ³ ɪɫɠɟɥʀɝ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɰ ɨɩɫɝɠɡɱʀɝ ɳɝɠɟʀɝ ɟɛɨɱʀɝ ɭɛ ʀɬɦɛɨɟɱʀɝ Ɏ ɫ ɢɛɞʀɨ ɨɩɫɧɛɨʀɝ ɮɪɠɫɳɠ ɨɛɪɛɝ ɨɛ ɧɩ ɨɛɬɭɣɫ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ Ȼɨɞ ɦʀʁ ɪɩɞɫɛɜɮɝɛɝ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝ ɮ ɪɩɦɩɨ ɲɠɨɱʀɝ ʀ ɬɪɛɦɣɝ ɤɩɞɩ Ƚʀɟɭɩɟʀ ɪɩɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɧɩɫ ɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨɣ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɩɜ·ɾɥɭɣ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɣɰ ɨɛ ɪɛɟʀɝ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɫɩɢɜʀɤɨɣɥʀɝ ɐɩɫɩɜɫʀ ɭɛ ɜɠɢɡɛɦɷɨʀ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɣ ɬʀɺɦɣ ɬɧɠɫɭɷ ɞɫɛɜɮɝɛ ɦɣ ɬɪɛɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɣ

ȼɿɤɿɧɝɢ ² ɫɤɚɧɞɢɧɚɜɫɶɤɿ ɜɨʀɧɢ ɇɚ Ɋɭɫɿ ɛɭɥɢ ɜɿɞɨɦɿ ɹɤ ɜɚɪɹɝɢ ɧɚ Ɂɚɯɨɞɿ ² ɹɤ ɧɨɪɦɚɧɢ ©ɩɿɜɧɿɱɧɿ ɥɸɞɢª

Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɣ ɪɩɝɠɫɭɛɦɣɬɺ ɢ ɨɛɞɫɛɜɩɝɛɨɣɧ ɨɛ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝɴɣɨɮ ɛɦɠ ɢ ɲɛ ɬɩɧ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɹɝɛɭɣ ʀ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɺɭɣ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɝɦɛɟʀ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨʀ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɝ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɰ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɤ ɩɬɠɦɺɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɪɩɬɭɫɛɡɟɛɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɨɩɫɧɛɨ ɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥʀɝ ȼɫɣɭɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɩɬɭɫɩ ɝɣ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨʀ ɝʀɟ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝɴɣɨɣ ɨɩɫɧɛɨʀɝ Ɏ ɫ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɣ ɪɩɞɫɛɜɮɝɛɦɣ ʀ ɬɪɛɦɣɦɣ Ɇɩɨɟɩɨ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɝɩɨɣ ɫɩɢɬɠɦɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɪʀɝ ɨʀɲɨɩ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɴɩ ɩɪɣɨɣɦɣɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɨɩɫɧɛɨʀɝ ³ ɝɣ ɰʀɟɱʀɝ ɢ ȿɛɨʀʁ ³ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɭɣ ©ɉɜɦɛɬɭɹ ɟɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɛª ɛɜɩ ȿɠɨɦɩ Ȳɢ ɱʀɾʁ ɲɛɬɭɣ ɨɣ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɪɫɩɬɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɟɛɦʀ Ɍɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɠ ɛɨɞɦɩɬɛɥɬɩɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝ ɨɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɢɛɞɫɩɢɦɣɝɣɧ ȼɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɢɛɞɛɫɜɨɣɥʀɝ ɩɲɩɦɣɦɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ɏɠɬɬɠɥɬ

Ƚʀɥʀɨɞɣ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

Ìîãóòíüîìó

ɔɩ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɩ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭʀ"

ɒɩɧɮ ɨɛ ɝɛɳɮ ɟɮɧɥɮ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭʀ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨʀ ɟɝɩɧɛ ɝɣɟɛɧɣ ɬɭɫʀɦɩɥ"

ȿɠ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɛ ɜɛɭɷɥʀɝɴɣɨɛ ɝʀɥʀɨɞʀɝ"

ɚɥʀ ɫɠɞʀɩɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɥɩɦɩɨʀɢɩɝɛɨʀ ɝʀɥʀɨɞɛɧɣ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɛɧɣ "

Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ Ȱɝɫɩɪɛ ɮ 9,,,²ɐ, ɬɭ

ɒɩɧɮ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɷ ɝʀɥʀɨɞɣ ɨɛɝɩɟɣ ɦɣ ɡɛɰ ɨɛ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪɮ"

ɚɥʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ɝʀɥʀɨɞɛɧɣ"

Ɋɩɢɨɛɲɭɠ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭʀ Ɉɩɫɧɛɨɟɬɷɥɠ ɞɠɫ ɱɩɞɬɭɝɩ ʀ Ɍɣɱɣɦʀɤɬɷɥɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨʀ ɝʀɥʀɨɞɛɧɣ

ɚɥɣɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥɣ ɠɪɩɰɣ ɝʀɥʀɨɞʀɝ ɟɦɺ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ"

Ɋɠɫɠɦɩɧɨɣɧ ɧɩɧɠɨɭɩɧ ɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɛɨ ɞɦɩɬɛɥɬʀɝ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɟɛɨɱʀɝ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɮɠɬɬɠɥɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ȼɦɷɯɫɠɟɛ ²

ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɫɠɯɩɫɧɛɧ ɤɩɧɮ ɝɟɛɦɩɬɺ ɧɩɜʀɦʀɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɝɩɫɩɞɛ ɝɬʀ ɬɣɦɣ ɪɫɩɭɠ ɝɣɞɨɛɭɣ ɨɩɫɧɛɨʀɝ ɢ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɝʀɨ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɨɠ ɢɮɧʀɝ Ɋɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ȼɦɷɯɫɠɟɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɟɛɨɱʀɝ ɫɩɢɞɩɫɨɮɦɛɬɺ ɢ ɨɩ ɝɩɹ ɬɣɦɩɹ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ; ɬɭ ɟɩ ɾɟɣɨɩɞɩ Ȼɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɨɩ ɢɠɧɦʀ ȿɠɨɦɩ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɮ ɫ ɛɫɧʀɺ ɟɛɨ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɝɣɬɛɟɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ɤ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɛ ɝɬɹ Ȼɨɞɦʀɹ ɍɛɥ ɩɬɭɫʀɝ ɩɪɣɨɣɝɬɺ ɝ ɬɥɦɛɟʀ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɩʁ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɟɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ʌɛɨɮɭɛ ɇɩɞɮɭ ɨɷɩɞɩ ² ɟɩ ɺɥɩʁ ɝɰɩɟɣɦɣ ȿɛɨʀɺ Ɉɩɫɝɠɞʀɺ ɓɝɠɱʀɺ ʀ ɓɩɭɦɛɨɟʀɺ Ɋɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ Ʌɛɨɮɭɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɫɩɢɪɛɦɛɬɺ ʀ ɝ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɛɨɞɦɩɬɛɥɬʀɝ ɛɦɠ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɨɠ ɨɛ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ Ɋɫɣ ɬɦɛɜɥɣɰ ɨɛɴɛɟɥɛɰ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠ ɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɣ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɝɭɩɫ ɞɛɭɣɬɺ ɮ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ʀ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɩɬɠɦɺɭɣɬɺ ɝ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ Ƚʀɥʀɨɞɣ ɭɫɣɲʀ ³ ɮ ɫɫ ɬɪɮɬɭɩɳɮɝɛɦɣ Ɋɛɫɣɡ Ɏ ² ɫɫ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɟɠɬɺɭɣ ɧʀɬɺ ɱʀɝ ɭɫɣɧɛɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɝ ɩɜɦɩɢʀ ɛɦɠ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɫɛɢɮ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɭɣ ɧʀɬɭɩ ʁɧ ɨɠ ɪɩɴɛɬɭɣɦɩ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɣ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ʁɰ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɟɱɺɧɣ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɦɣ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ ɬɭɝɩ ɢɛɬɝɩʁɦɣ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɮ ɧɩɝɮ ʀ ɢɫɩɜɣ

ɂɨɛɰʀɟɥɣ ɛɫɰɠɩɦɩɞʀɝ ɭɛ ʀɬ ɦɛɨɟɬɷɥʀ ɬɛɞɣ ³ ɦɠɞɠɨɟɣ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɟɝɣɞɣ ɝʀɥʀɨɞʀɝ ³ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɺ ɹɭɷ ɨɛɧ ɝʀɟɭɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɤ ɝɣ ɞɦɺɟ ɨɩɫɧɛɨʀɝ Ɉɛ ɢɨɛɤɟɠɨɣɰ ɥɛ ɧɠɨɺɰ ɮɲɠɨʀ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɦɣ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɜɩɫɩɟɛɭɣɰ ɝɩʁɨʀɝ ɮ ɞɩɬɭɫɩɝɠɫɰɣɰ ɳɩɦɩɧɛɰ ʀ ɥɩɦɷɲɮɞɛɰ ɩɢɜɫɩɾɨɣɰ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧɣ ɜɩɤɩɝɣɧɣ ɬɩɥɣɫɛɧɣ ɤ ɧɠɲɛɧɣ Ȳɬɦɛɨɟɬɷɥʀ ɬɛɞɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛ ɹɭɷ ɨɛɤɰɩɫɩɜɫʀɳɣɰ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɝɩʁɨʀɝ ɜɠɫɬɠɫɥɛɧɣ ɑʀ ɦɹɟɣ ɪɫɣ ɬɝɺɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɬɝɩɾ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɬɦɮɡʀɨɨɹ ɜɩɞɮ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɉɟʀɨɮ ɤ ɝʀɫɣɦɣ ɴɩ ɪʀɬ ɦɺ ɢɛɞɣɜɠɦʀ ɝ ɜɩɹ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɦɺɭɷ ɟɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɛɦɛɱɮ ɨɛ ɨɠɜʀ ³ Ƚɛɦɞɛɦɦɣ Ɋɠɫɠɟ ɜɣɭɝɩɹ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɡɣɝɛɦɣ ɪɩ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɧɮ ɪɫɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɣɤ ɬʀɥ ɞɫɣɜʀɝ ɧɮɰɩɧɩɫʀɝ Ƚʀɟ ɤɩɞɩ ɟʀʁ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɜɩɹ ɜɠɫɬɠɫɥɣ ɝɪɛɟɛɦɣ ɝ ɳɛ ɦɠɨɬɭɝɩ ɢɫɣɝɛɦɣ ʀɢ ɬɠɜɠ ɥɩɦɷɲɮɞɣ ɭɛ ɜɣɦɣɬɺ ɢ ɝɩɫɩɞɩɧ ɩɞɩɦɠɨɣɧɣ ɟɩ ɪɩɺɬɛ ɨɠ ɪɩɧʀɲɛɹɲɣ ɪɩɫɛɨɠɨɷ ʀ ɜɩɦɹ Ƚɩɨɣ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɜɣɭɣɬɺ ɢ ɝɩɫɩ ɞɩɧ ɩɜɩɧɛ ɫɮɥɛɧɣ ɭɫɣɧɛɹɲɣ ɮ ɥɩɡɨʀɤ ɧɠɲ Ɉɛ ɜɠɫɬɠɫɥʀɝ ɟɣɝɣɦɣ ɬɺ ɢ ɩɬɭɫɛɰɩɧ ʀ ɡɛɰɩɧ ɨɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɝɩ ɫɩɞɣ ɛ ɤ ɬɛɧʀ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɣ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ʁɰ ʀ ɟɮɡɠ ɱʀɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɫɣɫʀɝɨɹɹɲɣ ɩɟ ɨɩɞɩ ɜɠɫɬɠɫɥɛ ɟɩ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɣɰ ɝɩ ʁɨʀɝ

ȿɫɛɥɛɫ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

ɦɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɨɛɤɬɣɦɷɨʀɳɣɧ ɞɠɫɱɩɞɬɭɝɩɧ ɨɛ ɪʀɝ ɨɩɲʀ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɞɠɫɱɩɞɬɭɝɩ Ɉɩɫɧɛɨɟʀɺ Ɏ ² ɫɫ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɟɱʀ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɦɣ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɮ Ȳɭɛɦʀɹ ɭɛ Ɍɣɱɣɦʀɹ ɛ ɝ ɫ ³ Ȼɨɞɦʀɹ Ʌɫʀɧ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɱɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɣ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɦɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭʀɝ Ɏ ɰ ɫɫ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɣ ɢ Ɉɩɫɝɠɞʀʁ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɦɣ ɤ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɢɛɬɠɦɺɭɣ Ȳɬɦɛɨɟʀɹ ³ ©Ʌɫɣ ɡɛɨɮ ɥɫɛʁɨɮª ɺɥ ɨɛɢɝɛɦɣ ɨɩɝʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɪɩɬɠɦɠɨɱʀ Ɏ ,;²; ɬɭ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɢɛɬɠɦɺɭɣ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ ɪʀɝ ɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ Ȼɭɦɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɥɠɛɨɮ Ƚʀɥʀɨɞ ɀɤɫʀɥ ɋɮ Ȼɦɷɯɫɠɟ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɟɣɤ ɢɛ ɬɥɩɾɨɣɤ ɢɦɩɲɣɨ ɪɫɣɫɠɲɠɨɣɤ ɨɛ ɝɣɞɨɛɨɨɺ ɢ Ȳɬɦɛɨɟʀʁ ɝʀɟɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɣɤ ɢɛɰʀɟ ʀ ɨɠɩɲʀɥɮɝɛɨɩ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɝ ʉɫɠɨɦɛɨɟʀɹ ³ ©ɂɠɦɠɨɮ ɢɠɧɦɹª Ɍɧʀɦɣɝɣɤ ɧɩɫɠɪɦɛɝɠɱɷ Ɇɠɤɯ ɀɫʀɥ ɬɩɨ ©ɔɛɬɦɣɝɣɤª ɭɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɮɪɮɭɨɣɥɣ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɫ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɣ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀɝ ɫɩɢɭɛ ɳɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ Ɏ ɬɛɞɛɰ ɱʀ ɧʀɬɱɺ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ©Ɇʀ ɬɩɝɩɹ ɥɫɛʁɨɩɹª ©Ʌɫɛʁɨɩɹ ɪɦɩɬɥɣɰ ɥɛɧɠ ɨʀɝª ɭɛ ©Ʌɫɛʁɨɩɹ ɟɣɥɩɞɩ ɝɣɨɩɞɫɛɟɮª ɚɥɴɩ ɨɩɫɝɠɡɱʀ ɭɛ ɟɛɨɱʀ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɉɜɦɩɞɛ Ɋɛɫɣɡɛ ɝʀɥʀɨɞɛɧɣ ² ɬɝɩʁ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɨɛ ɢɛɰʀɟ ɭɩ ɳɝɠɟ ɬɷɥʀ ɝʀɥʀɨɞɣ ³ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟ Ɏ 9ȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɩ ɰɮɟ Ɂ Ɋ ɏɫɛɨɥ

ɲɛɦɣ ɪɫɩɨɣɥɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɯʀɨɩ ɮɞɩɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɜɛɦɭɬɷɥɣɰ ʀ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ Ƚ Ʌɣʁɝ ɬɷɥʀɤ ɋɮɬʀ ʁɰ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɝɛɫɺɞɛɧɣ ȳɰɨʀ ɪɩ ɰɩɟɣ ɝ ɱʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɺɥ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɩ ɨɩɬɣɦɣ ɧɣɫ ɨɣɤ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɣɤ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ Ƚɩɨɣ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɩɪɛɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɳɦɺɰɛɧɣ ɴɩ ɪɫɩɦɺɞɛɦɣ Ƚɩɦɞɩɹ ɟɩ Ʌɛɬɪʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɭɛ ȿɨʀɪɫɩɧ ɟɩ ɒɩɫɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɝ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ȼɫɛɜ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭɮ ɭɛ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɂɛɞɩɨɣ ɝɛɫɺ ɞʀɝ ɧɛɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨ ɨɺ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɬɭʀ ɮ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ X əɤɢɦɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɩɨɯɨɞɿɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɧɿɜ" X Ʉɭɞɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɩɨɯɨɞɢ ɜɿɤɿɧɝɿɜ" əɤɚ ʀɯ ɛɭɥɚ ɦɟɬɚ" Ɋɛɧ·ɺɭɨɣɥ Ɇɠɤɯɮ ɀɫʀɥɬɩɨɮ X əɤɿ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɿ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɡɪɨɛɢɥɢ ɜɿɝ ɇʀɨɨɠɬɩɭʀ ɌɓȻ

ɤɿɧɝɢ"

Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ Ȱɝɫɩɪɛ ɮ 9,,,²ɐ, ɬɭ

Ƚɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɥɛɨɟɣɨɛɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ Ɋɩɰɩɟɣ ɨɩɫɧɛɨʀɝ ɟɛɦɣ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɤ ɪɩɳ ɭɩɝɰ ɟɩ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȱɝ ɫɩɪɣ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɨɣɧ ɪɩɬɣɦɣɦɛɬɺ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɣɰ ɝɩɡɟʀɝ ³ ɥɩɨɮɨɞʀɝ Ɉɛɤɳɝɣɟɳɠ ɪɫɩɱɠɬ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɟɠɫ ɡɛɝɣ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɝ ȿɛɨʀʁ ʀɢ 9ȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɍɮɭ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɬɪɫɣɺɭɦɣɝɣɧ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɧ ɮɧɩɝɛɧ ɳɝɣɟɳɠ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɺ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɤ ɝɩɡɟʀɝ ɂ·ɺɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɛ ɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɛ ɝɦɛɬɨʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀ ɪɫɩɳɛɫ ɥɣ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ Ɏ ɟɫɮɞʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ɐ ɬɭ Ⱦɛɫɛɦɷɟ Ɍɣɨɷɩɢɮɜɣɤ ɜɦɣɢ ²

ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɮɾ ȿɛɨʀɹ ɪʀɟ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ Ȳɐ ɬɭ ɥɩɨɮɨɞɮ Ⱦɛ ɫɩɦɷɟɮ Ɋɫɠɥɫɛɬɨɩɧɮ ɝɟɛɦɩɬɺ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɭɣ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɝɦɛɟʀ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ Ɉɩɫɝɠɞʀʁ ɉɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɠ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɩ ɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɐȲ ɬɭ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɥɩɫɩ ɦʀɝɬɷɥɛ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɝɣɺɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɠɭɫɣɝɛɦɩɹ ʀ Ɉɩɫɝɠɞʀɺ ɭɣɧɲɛɬɩɝɩ ɝɝʀɤɳɦɛ ɟɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɮ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɷɩɞɩ ɟɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ʌɛɨɮɭɛ ɇɩɞɮɭɨɷɩɞɩ Ȼɦɠ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɬɣɨɛ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɷɩɞɩ ɨɩɫɝɠɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɥɩ ɫɩɨɮ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɝ Ⱦɛɫɛɦɷɟ Ⱦɛɫɟɫɛɟ ²

ɝʀɟɩɧɣɤ ɺɥ ©Ɍɮɝɩɫɣɤ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɷª Ɏ ɓɝɠɱʀʁ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɩɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɉɦɛɯɛ Ɍɥɷɩɭɥɩɨɮɨɞɛ ɜɦ ² ɛɦɠ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɭɫɣɝɛ ɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɛɬɺ ɬɦɛɜɥɩɹ ɔɩɜ ɢɧʀɱɨɣɭɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɮɬʀ ɬɥɛɨɟɣ ɨɛɝɬɷɥʀ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦʀ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɦɣ ɬɪɠɫɭɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɮ ɱɠɫɥɝɮ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɮɭɝɠɫɟɡɠɨ ɨɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɝ Ɍɥɛɨɟɣɨɛɝʀʁ ɫɩɢɭɺɞɦɩ ɬɺ ɨɛ ɟɮɡɠ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ

Ɏ ɫ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɯɫɛɨɥɬɷ ɥɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ Ʌɛɫɦ Ɋɫɩɬɭɛɥ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɝ ɟɩɧɩɝɣɭɣɬɺ ɢ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɛɧɣ ɤ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɭɣ ʁɰ ʀɢ ɝɦɛɬɨɩɹ ɧɠ ɭɩɹ Ƚʀɨ ɨɛɟɛɝ ɮ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɝɛ ɭɛɡɥɮ ɟɛɨɱʀɝ ɋɩɦɦɩɨɮ Ɋʀɳɩɰɩɟɮ ɝʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɨɛɬɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɥɫɠɧɠɢɨɣɤ ɴɩ ɡɩɟɠɨ ɥʀɨɷ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɝɣɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɝ

ɧʀɬɭɩ ɋɮɛɨ ʀɢ ɤɩɞɩ ɩɥɩɦɣɱɺɧɣ ɜʀɦɷɳɛ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩʁ Ɉɩɫ ɧɛɨɟʀʁ ɂɛ ɱɠ ɋɩɦɦɩɨ ɪɫɣɬɺɞɨɮɝ ɨɛ ɝʀɫɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɩɫɩɦɹ ɤ ɪɩɩɜʀɱɺɝ ɢɛ ɰɣɴɛɭɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɞɠɫɱɩɞɬɭɝɛ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɪɛɟʀɝ ɨɩɫɧɛɨʀɝ ɏɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɩ ɝɛ ɬɛɦɷɨɠ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɨɩɝɠ ɞɠɫɱɩɞɬɭɝɩ Ɉɩɫɧɛɨɟʀɺ ɜɮɦɩ ɯɛɥ ɭɣɲɨɩ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨɣɧ ɺɥ ɝʀɟ ɬɦɛɜɥɣɰ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɯɫɛɨɥɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɝʀɟ ɟɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɩ ɨɮɨɞʀɝ

Ⱦɛɫɛɦɷɟ Ɍɣɨɷɩɢɮɜɣɤ

X əɤɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɜɢɧɢɤɥɢ ɧɚ ɋɤɚɧɞɢɧɚɜɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɩɿɜɨɫɬɪɨɜɿ" ɇɩɨɠɭɛ ɉɦɛɯɛ Ɍɥɷɩɭɥɩɨɮɨɞɛ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

ȿɮɰɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɨɛɫɩɟʀɝ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɉɬɭɫʀɝ Ȳɬɦɛɨɟʀɺ ɢɛɬɠɦɠɨɣɤ ɝʀɥʀɨɞɛɧɣ ɝ Ȳɐ²ɐ ɬɭ ³ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɮɨʀɥɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɩɥ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲ ɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ȳɢ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɲɛɬʀɝ ʀɬɦɛɨɟɱʀ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣ ɬɛɞɣ ɪɫɩ ɪɩ ɟɝɣɞɣ ɝʀɥʀɨɞʀɝ ɭɛ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɜɩɞʀɝ Ɍɪʀɝɱɺɧɣ ɱɣɰ ɬɛɞ ɜɮɦɣ ɬɥɛɦɷɟɣ ɪɩɠɭɣ ʀ ɝɩʁɨɣ ɩɟɨɩɲɛɬɨɩ Ɏ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɱʀ ɦɠɞɠɨɟɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɛɪɣɬɛɨʀ ɝ ɥɨɣɞɛɰ ɢɛ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɧɣ ɧɩɡɠɧɩ ɝʀɟɭɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɪɩɜɮɭ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɭɛ ɩɜɫɛɢɣ ɞɠɫɩʁɝ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɱʀɝ Ɍɥɛɨɟɣɨɛɝɬɷɥʀ ɨɛɫɩɟɣ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɣɬɺ ɺɢɣɲ ɨɣɥɛɧɣ ȳɰɨʀɧ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɧ ɜɩɞɩɧ ɜɮɝ ɉɟʀɨ ɟɛɝɨʀ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɱʀ ɨɛ ɉɟʀɨ ɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ Ƚɩɭɛɨɩɧ Ɍɛɧɠ ɟɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɮ Ƚɛɦɞɛɦɦɮ ɨɠɜɠɬɨʀ ɟʀɝɣ ³ ɝɛɦɷɥʀɫʀʁ ³ ɪɫɣɝɩɟɺɭɷ ɟɮɳʀ ɢɛɞɣɜɦɣɰ ɮ ɜɩɹ ɝɩʁɨʀɝ ɍɮɭ ɝ ɩɲʀɥɮɝɛɨɨʀ ɝɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɜɣɭɝɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɬɣɦ ɢɦɛ ɝɩɨɣ ɝʀɟɪɩɲɣɝɛɹɭɷ ʀ ɜɠɨɥɠɭɮɹɭɷ ɂ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɜɩɞʀɝ ɨɛɤɝʀɟɩɧʀɳɣɧ ɜɮɝ ɍɩɫ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɠɫ ȿɩ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɭɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ ɧɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ȿɩɨɛɫ Ƚʀɨ ɥɣɟɛɝ ɬɝʀɤ ɝɛɡɥɣɤ ɬɭɝɛ ʀ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɦɛɭɣɨ ɧɩɦɩɭ ɮ ɰɧɛɫɣ ʀ ɝɣɥɫɠɳɮɝɛɝ ɜɦɣɬɥɛɝɥɣ ɬɷɥɣɰ ɜɮɥɝ ɮ Ɍɥɛɨɟɣɨɛɝʀʁ ɝɣɥɩ ȿɫɮɡɣɨɩɹ ɉɟʀɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɏɫɠɤɺ ³ ɜɩɞɣ ɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɫɮɨʀɲɨɠ ɪɣɬɷɧɩ ɨɺ ɟɩɜɫɣɰ ɮɫɩɡɛʁɝ ʀ ɫɩɟɹɲɩɬɭʀ ɪɩɥɫɩɝɣ ©ɫɮɨɛª ɝ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɟʀ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ ɭɛɾɧ ɭɠɦɷɥɛ ɫɩɟɣɨɣ ʀ ɳɦɹɜɮ Ɍɣɦɣ ɢɦɛ ɮɩɬɩɜ ɨɣɱɺ ɋɮɨɣ ³ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝʀ ɢɨɛɥɣ ɦʀ ɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɜɩɞɣɨɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɤ ɪɩɭɩɤɜʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɭɠɫɣ ɺɥɣɰ ɮ Ȳɐ ɬɭ ɨɛɫɛɰɩɝɮɝɛɦɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɐɠɦɷ ɡɛɰɦɣɝɣɤ ɟɫɛɥɩɨ ɏɛɯɨʀɫ ʀ ɬɺ ɛ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ³ Ȼɜɠɭɥɛ ɝɩɝɥ ɏɠɨɫʀɫ Ʌɫɣɝɟɣɦɣ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɧɛ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɯɛɭɛɫɥ ɬɛɧɠ ɭɛɥ ɝɣ ɧɩɝɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɳʀɬɭɷ ɫɮɨ ɋɮɨɣ ɦɠɨɷɥʀ ɢɦʀ ɭɫɩɦʀ ɺɥʀ ɬɭɠɫɠɞɦɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɛ ɜɮɦɣ ɥɮɭɛɬɭɩʁ ɯɩɫɧɣ ʀ ɺɥ ɪɫɛɝɣ ɢɠɧɨɣɰ ɨɛɟɫ ɦɩ ɝɣɫʀɢɷɜɦɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɢɜɫɩʁ Ⱦɠɫɧɛɨɱʀ ɤ ɬɥɛɨɟɣɨɛɝɣ ɬɭɛɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭɛɰ ɥɮɦɷɭɮ ɥɛɧɠɨɺɰ Ƚɝɛ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɜɩɞʀɝ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɨɠɢɝɣɲɨɩ Ƚɩɨɣ ɪɫɣɨɩ ɡɛɦɩɬɺ ɴɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɣɦɣ ʁɧ ɮ ɡɠɫɭɝɮ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɛ ʀɨɥɩɦɣ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɢɛɰɣɬɭɣ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɛɦɠ ɪɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɬɣɦɣ ɝ ɜɩɞʀɝ ɭɣ ɝ ɜɩɹ ɟɩɪɩ ɢɛɰɣɬɭɮ ɤ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɣ ɛ ɝɣɧɛɞɛɦɣ ɚɥɴɩ ɧɩɞɭɣ ɩɟɮɡɛɭɣ ɜɩɞɣ ɨɠ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩ ɝʀɟ ɨɣɰ ɝɣ ɭɩɴɩ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɧɛɞɛɦɩɬɺ ɭɩ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɣ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɪɩɦɣɳɣɭɣ ɫɮɨɣ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩ ɱɣɰ ɜɩɞʀɝ ʀ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ʀɨɳɣɰ Ɋʀɬɨʀ ɪɫɩ ɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɡɠɫɱɺ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɜɩɞʀɝ ʀ ɞɠɫɩʁɝ ɮɝʀɤɳɦɣ ɟɩ ɢɜʀɫɨɣɥɛ ɧɣ ɟɦɺ ɞɛɟɛɨɨɺ ©ɀɟɟɛª ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɮ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɥɦɛɟɠɨɛ ɦɠɞɠɨɟɛ ɂɛ ɦɠɞɠɨɟɛɧɣ ɪɫɩ ɬɥɛɫɜ ɨʀɜɠɦɮɨɞʀɝ ³ ɪʀɟɢɠɧɨɣɰ ɥɛɫɦɣ ɫɮɨɣ ɢ ɪʀɟɢɠɧɨɩ ɥʀɝ ɥɩɝɛɦʀɝ ɂɛ ɪɠɫɠɥɛɢɛɧɣ ɭɩɤ ɰɭɩ ɝɩ ɞɩ ɱɛɫɬɭɝɛ ɪɫɣɨʀɬ Ɍɥɛɨɟɣɨɛɝɬɷɥʀ ɦɩɟʀɝ ɱɣɧ ɬɥɛɫɜɩɧ ɧɛɝ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɮ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɜɩɞ ɉɟʀɨ ɫɮɨɣ ɤ ɭɛɦɛɨ ɮ ɝɬʀɰ ɬɪɫɛɝɛɰ Ɉɛ ʊɫɮɨɭʀ ɱɣɰ ɦɠ

Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ Ȱɝɫɩɪɛ ɮ 9,,,²ɐ, ɬɭ

ɞɠɨɟ ɮ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɝ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨʀ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɛɬɺ ©Ɋʀɬɨɺ ɪɫɩ Ɉʀɜɠɦɮɨɞʀɝª Ɍɥɛɨɟɣɨɛɝɬɷɥɛ ɧʀɯɩɦɩɞʀɺ ɬɪɩɝɨɠɨɛ ɪɩɰɧɮɫɣɰ ɩɜɫɛɢʀɝ ɮ ɺɥɣɰ ɝʀɟɜɣɦɣɬɺ ɬɮɝɩɫʀ ɥɛɫɭɣɨɣ ɫɠɛɦɷɨɩ ɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ Ȳɬɦɛɨɟɬɷɥʀ ɬɛɞɣ ɧʀɬɭɺɭɷ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɩɪɣɬɣ ɫɠɛɦɷɨɣɰ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɟʀɤ Ɍɛɧɠ ɢ ɨɣɰ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɣ ɟʀɢɨɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭɺ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɣ Ɇɠɤɯɩɧ ɔɛɬɦɣ ɝɣɧ ɪɫɩ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦʀɝ Ɉɩɫɝɠɞʀʁ ɪɫɩ ɢɛɝɩɹ ɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɛɧɣ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ

ɏɫɠɤɺ

X əɤ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ ɜɢɧɚɣɞɟɧɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɧɚɦɢ" X əɤɿ ɛɨɝɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɲɚɧɨɜɚɧɢɦɢ ɜ ɧɚɪɨɞɿɜ ɋɤɚɧɞɢɧɚɜɿʀ"

Ɂɚɤɪɿɩɢɦɨ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ 1. ɏɬɨ ɬɚɤɿ ɧɨɪɦɚɧɢ ɜɿɤɿɧɝɢ ɣ ɜɚɪɹɝɢ" 2. ɑɢɦ ɜɬɨɪɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɧɿɜ ɞɨ ɤɪɚʀɧ ȯɜɪɨɩɢ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɥɢɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɿɯ" 3. ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɳɨ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɠɞɚɥɢ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɯɨɞɿɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɧɿɜ 4. ɓɨ ɡɚɥɢɲɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɫɨɛɿ ɧɨɪɦɚɧɫɶɤɿ ɩɨɯɨɞɢ ɭ ȯɜɪɨɩɿ" 5. ɑɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɜɚɲɭ ɞɭɦɤɭ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɢɥɢɫɹ ɩɨɯɨɞɢ ɜɿɤɿɧɝɿɜ" 6. Ʉɨɥɢ ɿ ɹɤ ɜɢɧɢɤɥɢ ɫɤɚɧɞɢɧɚɜɫɶɤɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ" əɤɚ ɫɤɚɧɞɢɧɚɜɫɶɤɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɚ ɜɢɧɢɤɥɚ ɩɟɪɲɨɸ" 7. ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɧɚɣɦɨɝɭɬɧɿɲɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɿɜ ɫɤɚɧɞɢɧɚɜɫɶɤɢɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜ ɭ ɏȱȱ±ɏ9 ɫɬ 8. ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɫɚɝɢ" ɑɢ ɦɨɠɧɚ ʀɯ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɹɤ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɟ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɨ" əɤɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɨɫɬɿ ɜɨɧɢ ɞɚɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɤɿɜ" 9. ɑɨɦɭ ɧɚɪɨɞɢ ɋɤɚɧɞɢɧɚɜɿʀ ɞɨɫɢɬɶ ɩɿɡɧɨ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɥɢ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɬɜɨ" 10. ɉɪɨ ɳɨ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɥɨ ɜɢɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɹ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ ɧɚɪɨɞɚɦɢ ɋɤɚɧɞɢɧɚɜɿʀ" 11. ȼɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɳɨ ɩɨɯɨɞɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɧɿɜ ɛɭɥɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɦ ɟɬɚɩɨɦ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɪɨɞɿɜ ɑɨɦɭ ɩɨɯɨɞɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɧɿɜ ɧɟ ɦɚɥɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɿɜ ɹɤ ɜɬɨɪɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɜɚɪɜɚɪɿɜ ɭ ɦɟɠɿ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɨʀ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ" 12. ɑɢ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɫɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɜɚɬɢ ɳɨ ɩɨɯɨɞɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɧɿɜ ɫɩɪɢɹɥɢ ɭɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɸ ɮɟɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɞɭ ɜ ȯɜɪɨɩɿ" ɋɜɨɸ ɞɭɦɤɭ ɨɛʉɪɭɧɬɭɣɬɟ 13. ɑɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɧɿɜ ɭ ɋɯɿɞɧɭ ȯɜɪɨɩɭ ɛɭɥɨ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɧɨ ɦɢɪɧɢɦ" 14. ɑɨɦɭ ɦɿɮɨɥɨɝɿɹ ɫɤɚɧɞɢɧɚɜɫɶɤɢɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɿɜ ɫɩɨɜɧɟɧɚ ɩɨɯɦɭɪɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɿɜ ɿ ɠɨɪɫɬɨɤɨɫɬɿ"

§ 11. Åïîõà õðåñòîâèõ ïîõîä³â Ɋɫɣɲɣɨɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ Ʌʀɨɠɱɷ ɐȲ²ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɱɠ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɥɩɦɣ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀ ɥɠɫɩɝɛɨʀ ʀɟɠɾɹ ɝɣɢɝɩɦɠɨɨɺ Ⱦɫɩɜɮ Ⱦɩɬɪɩɟɨɷɩɞɩ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɨɛ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ Ȱɫɮɬɛɦɣɧɛ ʀ Ɋɛɦɠɬɭɣɨɣ ɑʀ ɪɩ ɰɩɟɣ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɦɣ ɨɛɢɝɮ ³ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝʀ Ɏɬɷɩɞɩ ɢ ɟɩ ɫ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɠɨɩ ɝʀɬʀɧ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ ɟɩ Ɍɝɺɭɩʁ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɨɛɢɝɮ ©ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣª ɬɭɛɦɣ ɢɛɬɭɩ ɬɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɴɩɟɩ ɫɠɦʀɞʀɤɨɣɰ ɝʀɤɨ ɺɥʀ ɝɠɦɛ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɢ ɧɠɭɩɹ ɢɛɰɣɬɭɮ ʀ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ

ɏɪɟɫɬɨɜɿ ɩɨɯɨɞɢ ɧɚ ɋɯɿɞ ² ɰɟ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨɜɿ ɟɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɿʀ ɹɤɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɨɜɭɜɚɜ ɡɚɯɿɞɧɢɣ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɶɤɢɣ ɫɜɿɬ ɩɪɨɬɢ ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧ ȿɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩɜ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɭɣ ɲɩɧɮ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɣɬɺ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩ ɪɩɟɣ ɝɣɭɣɬɺ ɺɥɣɧ ɜɮɝ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ;, ɬɭ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɫɠɯɩɫɧɛɧ ɪɛɪɣ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɺ 9,, ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɧɛɦɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥʀ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ ɂɛ ɥɦɣɥ ɴɩ ɦɮɨɛɝ ʀɢ ɋɣɧɮ ɝʀɟ ɪɛɪɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɝɬɺ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɩɝɣɧ ɟɦɺ ɝɬʀɰ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɥʀɝ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɩ ɝ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɬɥɦɛɟɨʀɤ ɬɣɭɮɛɱʀʁ Ɋɫɛɝɩ ɧɛɤɩ ɫɛɭɮ ɪɠɫɳɩɬɭʀ ɝ ɮɬɪɛɟɥɮɝɛɨɨʀ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɺɦɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɧɛɾɭɩɥ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɛ ɮɬɪɛɟɥɩɝɮɝɛɝ ɦɣɳɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɫɳɣɤ ɬɣɨ ɛ ɧɩɦɩɟɳʀ ɢɧɮɳɠɨʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɬɛɧʀ ɳɮɥɛɭɣ ɢɛɬɩɜɣ ɟɩ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨ ɨɺ ȼɠɢɢɠɧɠɦɷɨʀ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ ɴɩ ɞɫɛɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɭɛ ɝɦɛɳɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɥɫɣɝɛɝʀ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɢʀ ɬɦɛɜɳɣɧɣ ɬɮɬʀɟɛɧɣ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɪɫɛɝɡɨɾ ɦɣɰɩ Ƚʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɨɛ ɱɠɤ ɲɛɬ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɝɡɠ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɛ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɭɣ ɲɣ ɭɩɫɞɮɝɛɭɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɩɬɺ ɟɦɺ ɫɣɱɛ ɫɺ ɞɛɨɷɜɩɹ Ɏɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɬɠɧɣ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥʀ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɪɩɭɠɫɪɛɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɞɩɦɩɟɮ ɠɪʀɟɠɧʀɤ ɲɮɧɣ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɰɝɩɫɩɜ ȿɩ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɟɩ ɟɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɠɢɝɣɲɨɩ ɬɮɝɩɫʀ ɢɣɧɣ ʀ ɪɩɝɠɨʀ ² ɫɫ Ɍɭɛ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɤ 9,, ɦɣ ɪɩɳɣɫɹɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɲɮɭɥɣ ɪɫɩ ɨɛɜɦɣɡɠɨɨɺ ɥʀɨɱɺ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ɏɬʀ ɲɠɥɛɦɣ ȼɩɡɩʁ ɥɛɫɣ ɢɛ ɬɝɩʁ ɞɫʀɰɣ ɭɛ ɜɮɦɣ ɞɩɭɩɝʀ ɬɪɩ ɥɮɭɮɝɛɭɣ ʁɰ ɪɛɦɩɧɨɣɱɭɝɩɧ ɟɩ Ɍɝɺɭɩʁ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɛɜɩ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɭɣ ɬɪɛɬʀɨɨɺ ʀɨɳɣɧ ɪɩɟɝɣɞɩɧ ɢɛ ɝʀɫɮ Ɋɛɦɩɧɨɣɥɣ ɺɥʀ ɪɩɝɠɫ ɭɛɦɣɬɺ ɢ Ȱɫɮɬɛɦɣɧɛ ɝʀɟɝʀɟɛɝɳɣ Ⱦɫʀɜ Ⱦɩɬɪɩɟɨʀɤ ɫɩɢɪɩ ɝʀɟɛɦɣ ɪɫɩ ɪɠɫɠɬɦʀɟɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ ɭɮɫɥɛɧɣ ɬɠɦɷɟɡɮ ɥɛɧɣ Ȳɢ ɱɣɰ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɠɨɷ ɨɛɫɩɟɣɦɛɬɺ ʀɟɠɺ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɞɩ ɪɛɦɩɧɨɣɱɭɝɛ ³ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɢɛ ɐɫɣɬɭɛ ʀ ɝɣɢɝɩɦɠɨɨɺ Ⱦɫɩɜɮ Ⱦɩ ɬɪɩɟɨɷɩɞɩ ɢ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɨɠɝʀɫɨɣɰ Ɍɣɭɮɛɱʀɺ ɴɩ ɬɥɦɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ Ɍɰɩɟʀ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ;, ɬɭ ɜɮɦɛ ɬɪɫɣɺɭɦɣɝɩɹ ɟɦɺ ɝɭɫɮɲɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɪɠɫɠɡɣɝɛɦɛ ɬɥɫɮɭɨʀ ɲɛɬɣ Ɏɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɨɛɪɛɟʀɝ ɭɮɫɥʀɝ ɬɠɦɷɟɡɮɥʀɝ ɝɩɨɛ ɝɭɫɛɲɛɦɛ ɬɝɩʁ Ɏɫɜɛɨ ȲȲ

ɀɪɩɰɛ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ

ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɝ ɇɛɦʀɤ Ȼɢʀʁ Ɋɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɨɛɪɛɟɣ ɬɠɦɷɟɡɮɥʀɝ ɢɫɩɜɣɦɣ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɲɨɣɧɣ ɳɦɺ ɰɣ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɪɠɫɠɬɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥʀ ɪɛ ɦɩɧɨɣɥɣ ɟɩ Ɍɝɺɭɩʁ ɂɠɧɦʀ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɉɦɠɥɬʀɤ , Ʌɩɧɨʀɨ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɝɬɺ ɢ ɪɫɩɰɛɨɨɺɧ ɪɫɩ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɮ ɟɩ Ɋɛɪɣ ɋɣɧ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɂɛɥɦɣɥ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɲɮɭɩ ɦɣɬɭɩɪɛɟɛ ɫ ɝ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɯɫɛɨ ɱɮɢɷɥɩɧɮ ɧʀɬɭʀ Ʌɦɠɫɧɩɨ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɬɺ ɝɠɦɣ ɥɣɤ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɩɜɩɫ Ɋɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɠɨ ɨʀ ɪɛɪɛ Ɏɫɜɛɨ ,, ɢɝɠɫɨɮɝɬɺ ɢ ɪɫɩɧɩɝɩɹ ɟɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɭɩɝɪɮ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɧʀɴɛɨ ʀ ɫɣ ɱɛɫʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɢʀɜɫɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɧɛɤɟɛɨʀ Ƚʀɨ ɢɛɥɦɣɥɛɝ ɮɬʀɰ ɟɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɨɛ Ɍɰʀɟ Ʌɦɠɫɧɩɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɩɜɩɫ ɢɛɫɛɟɣ ɝɣɢɝɩɦɠɨɨɺ Ɋɛɦɠɬɭɣɨɣ ɢ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛ ɟɣ ɨɠɝʀɫɨɣɰ ʀ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɠɨɨɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɛɧ Ⱦɫɩɜɮ Ⱦɩ ɬɪɩɟɨɷɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɱɺ ɪɩɰɩɝɛɨɨɺ Ȳɬɮɬɛ ɐɫɣɬɭɛ Ɏɬʀɧ ɝɣɢɝɩɦɣɭɠɦɺɧ Ɍɝɺɭɩʁ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɪɛɪɛ ɪɩɩɜʀɱɺɝ ɬɪɩɥɮ ɭɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɞɫʀɰʀɝ ©Ɉɠɰɛɤ ɬɭɛɨɮɭɷ ɝʀɟɨɣɨʀ ɝɩʁɨɛɧɣ ɐɫɣɬɭɛ ³ ɪɫɩɧɩɝɣɝ Ɏɫɜɛɨ ȲȲ ³ ɭʀ ɰɭɩ ɫɛɨʀɳɠ ɜɮɦɣ ɞɫɛɜʀɡɨɣɥɛɧɣ Ɉɠɰɛɤ ɬɪɫɛɝɠɟɦɣɝɩ ɜ·ɹɭɷɬɺ ɢ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɛɧɣ ɭʀ ɰɭɩ ɫɛɨʀɳɠ ɝɩɹɝɛɝ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɜɫɛɭʀɝ ʀ ɫɩɟɣɲʀɝª ȿɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɪɛɪɛ ɢɞɛɟɛɝ ʀ ɪɫɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɮ ɢɟɩɜɣɲ ɴɩ ɲɠɥɛɾ ɨɛ Ɍɰɩɟʀ ©ɍɛɥ ɰɩɲɠ ȼɩɞ ª ³ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɹɝɛɝ ɨɛɭɩɝɪ ɪɛɪ ɬɷɥʀ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɺɥʀ ɪɫɩɪɩɝʀɟɨɣɥɣ ɪɩɳɣɫɣɦɣ ɨɛ ɝɬʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ Ɏ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨʀ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ ɦɹɟɣ ɨɛ ɳɣɝɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɬɝʀɤ ɩɟɺɞ ɰɫɠɬɭɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɲɣ ɬɠɜɠ ɪɛ Ɋɠɭɫɩ Ɋɮɬɭɠɦɷɨɣɥ ɢɛɥɦɣɥɛɾ ɦɩɧɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɛ ɬɝʀɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ³ ɪɛɦɩɧɨɣɱɭɝɩɧ ɛɜɩ ɟɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɨɣɧ ɳɦɺɰɩɧ Ɋɛɦɩɧɨɣɱɭɝɩ ³ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɥɛ ɝʀɫɺɨ ɟɩ ɧʀɬɱɷ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɢɨɛɲɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɹ ɬɝɺɭʀɬɭɹ Ɉɛɢɝɛ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɛ ɝʀɟ ɢɝɣ ɲɛɹ ɪɛɦɩɧɨɣɥʀɝ ɪɫɣɝɩɢɣɭɣ ɢ Ɋɛɦɠɬɭɣɨɣ ɪɛɦɷɧɩɝʀ ɞʀɦɥɣ Ɇɣɳɠ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɱʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɟɩ Ɍɝɺɭɩʁ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɦɣ ɨɛɢɝɮ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɛ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɮɲɛɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɭɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱɺɧɣ ɂɛɞɛɦɩɧ ɮ ɐȲ²ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɝʀɟɜɮ ɦɩɬɷ ɝʀɬʀɧ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ ɨɛ Ɍɰʀɟ X ɓɨ ɫɩɨɧɭɤɚɥɨ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɰɿɜ ɞɨ ɯɪɟɫɬɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɯɨɞɿɜ"

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

Ɋɠɫɳɣɤ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ Ɋɠɫɳɣɤ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɭɫɣɝɛɝ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ² ɫɫ Ɍɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɝ ɪɩ ɰʀɟ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɣɦɣ ɭɣɬɺɲʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɑɠ ɜɮɝ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɨɛɭɩɝɪ ɩɢɜɫɩɾɨɣɤ ɥɩɬɛɧɣ ɝɣɦɛɧɣ ʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɩ ɟɫɹɲɥɛɧɣ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɦɣ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɢ ɡʀɨɥɛɧɣ ʀ ɟʀɭɷ ɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɧʀɴɛɨɣ ʀ ɟɫʀɜɨʀ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ ɓɦɺɰ ɪɛɦɩɧɨɣɥʀɝ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɢ ɧɩɨɛɰɩɧ Ɋɠɭɫɩɧ Ɋɮɬɭɠɦɷɨɣɥɩɧ ɭɛ ɜɠɢɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɣɧ ɫɣɱɛɫɠɧ Ƚɛɦɷɭɠɫɩɧ Ⱦɩɦɺɥɩɧ ɪɫɩɦɺɞɛɝ ɲɠɫɠɢ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɮ ʀ ȼɩɦɞɛɫʀɹ ɟɠ ɨɠ ɧɛɹɲɣ ɪɫɣɪɛɬʀɝ ʀ ɬɪɩɫɺɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀ ɞɫɛɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɣɰ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ ʀ ɝɦɛɳɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɾɝɫɠɤɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɞɫɩɧɣ Ʌɩɦɣ ɝ ɬɠɫɪɨʀ ɫ ɱɠ ©ɝɩʁɨɬɭɝɩª ɪɫɣɜɮɦɩ ɟɩ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɉɦɠɥɬʀɤ Ȳ Ʌɩɧɨʀɨ ɪɩɬɪʀɳɣɝ ɪɠɫɠɪɫɛɝɣɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɲɠɫɠɢ ȼɩɬɪɩɫ ɮ ɇɛɦɮ Ȼɢʀɹ ɍɛɧ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ʀɢ ɨɣɰ ɢɛ ɞɣɨɮɦɛ ɮ ɬɮɭɣɲɥɛɰ ɢ ɭɮɫɥɛɧɣ ɬɠɦɷɟɡɮɥɛɧɣ ɉɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɬɣɦɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ɴɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɣɬɺ ɢ ɲɩɭɣɫɷɩɰ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɛɫɧʀɤ ɫɮ ɳɣɦɣ ɝ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɪɠɫɠɞɩɟɩɧ ɂɛɞɛɦɩɧ ɢɛɞɩɨɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ɨɛɦʀɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɭɣɬ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ ʀ ɭɣɬ ɪʀɰɩɭɣɨɱʀɝ ɐɩɲ ɮ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɾɟɣɨɩɞɩ ɥɠɫʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɛ ɛɦɠ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ ɧɛɦɣ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɩɢɜɫɩ ɾɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɝɧʀɦɣ ɝɩɹɝɛɭɣ ȿɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩɜ ɪʀɟɞɩɭɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɪɫɩ ɟɛɦɣ ɛɜɩ ɪɩɢɛɭɛɝɦɺɦɣ ɬɝɩɾ ɧɛɤɨɩ Ɉɛɝɠɬɨʀ ɫ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ɢʀɜɫɛɦɣɬɺ ɜʀɦɺ ɬɭʀɨ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ

ɉɦɠɥɬʀɤ Ȳ Ʌɩɧɨʀɨ

119

ɀɪɩɰɛ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ

ɂɛ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɧ ɉɦɠɥɬʀɺ Ȳ Ʌɩɧɨʀɨɛ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ɪɩɲɠɫɞɩɝɩ ɪɠɫɠɪɫɛɝɣɦɣ ɟɩ ɇɛɦɩʁ Ȼɢʀʁ Ɏ ɲɠɫɝɨʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɣ Ɉʀɥɠɹ ʀ ɫɮɳɣɦɣ ɟɛɦʀ Ƚɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɛ ɜɣɭɝɛ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɛɬɺ ɦɣɪɨɺ ɫ ɪɩɜɦɣɢɮ ɟɩɦɣɨɣ ȿɩɫɣɦɠʁ ɟɠ ɬɠɦɷɟɡɮɥɣ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɣ ɱʀɦɥɩɝɣɭɩʁ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ɓɦɺɰ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟ ɜɮɦɩ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɩ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɭɺɡɥɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɠɰɩɟɮ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɠ ɪɦɛɭɩ ɪʀɟ ɪɛɦɹɲɣɧ ɬɩɨɱɠɧ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀ ɪʀɟʀɤɳɦɣ ɟɩ Ȼɨɭʀɩɰʀʁ Ɍʀɧ ɧʀɬɺɱʀɝ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɛ ɩɜɦɩɞɛ ɨɠɪɫɣɬɭɮɪɨɩʁ ɯɩɫɭɠɱʀ ɐɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀ ɪɩɭɠɫɪɛɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɞɩɦɩɟɮ ʀ ɰɝɩɫɩɜ ɭɛ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɝɭɫɛɭɣɦɣ ɨɛɟʀɹ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɭɣ ɧʀɬɭɩ Ɇɣɳɠ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɢɫɛɟʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɢɺɦɣ Ȼɨɭʀɩɰʀɹ ɉɬɥɛɡɠɨʀɦʀ ɝʀɟ ɞɩɦɩɟɮ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀ ɞɫɛɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɛɡ ɫɛɪɭɩɧ ɬɛɧʀ ɩɪɣɨɣɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɩɜɦɩɢʀ Ȼɨɭʀɩɰʀɹ ɩɭɩɲɣɦɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɛ ɛɫɧʀɺ ɬɠɦɷɟɡɮɥʀɝ Ɉɛɟʀʁ ɨɛ ɪɩɫɺɭɮɨɩɥ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ʀ ɝɬʀ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɦɣ ɟɮɰɩɧ Ɇɣɳɠ ɟɣɝɩ ɧɩɞɦɩ ɝɫɺɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ʀ ɝɩɨɩ ɬɭɛɦɩɬɺ ɉɟɣɨ ʀɢ ɝɩʁɨʀɝ ɢɛɺɝɣɝ ɪɫɩ ɬɝɩɾ ɝɣɟʀɨɨɺ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɬɨɮ ɨʀɜɣ ɛɪɩɬɭɩɦ Ȼɨɟɫʀɤ ɬɥɛɢɛɝ ɤɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀ ɝɫɺɭɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɥɩɦɣ ɢɨɛɤɟɮɭɷ ɨɛɥɩɨɠɲɨɣɥ ɬɪɣɬɛ ɺɥɣɧ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɤ ɝɩʁɨ ɪɫɩɬɭɫɩɧɣɝ ɭʀɦɩ ɫɩɢʀɪ·ɺɭɩɞɩ Ȳɬɮɬɛ ʀ ɝɥɛɢɛɝ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɟɠ ɬɰɩɝɛɨɩ ɱɹ ɫɠɦʀɥɝʀɹ Ɉɛɥɩɨɠɲɨɣɥ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɨɛɤɟɠɨɩ ʀ ɨɛɭɰɨɠɨʀ ɱɣɧ ɟɣɝɩɧ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀ ɫɩɢɜɣɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɮ ɛɫɧʀɹ ɬɠɦɷɟɡɮɥʀɝ ɔɩɪɫɛɝɟɛ ɟɠɰɭɩ ɢɛɪʀɟɩɢɫɣɝ ɩɳɮɥɛɨɬɭɝɩ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɛɥɩɨɠɲɨɣɥ ɝɣɞɦɺɟɛɝ ɢɛɨɛɟɭɩ ɨɩɝɣɧ« Ɋɫɩɤɳɩɝɳɣ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺɧ ʀ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝɳɣ ɪɫɣɧɩɫɬɷɥʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɲɠɫɝɨɠɝɩɞɩ ɫɛɨɥɮ ɫ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɦɣ Ȱɫɮɬɛɦɣɧ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɩʁ ɪʀɟɐɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀ ɞɩɭɩɝɥɣ ʀ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɨɠɝɟɛɦɣɰ ɳɭɮɫɧʀɝ ɦɣɪɨɺ ɫ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɢɺɭɠ Ɉɛ ɂɛɰɩɟʀ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɢɛɞɛɫɜɛɨɨɺ Ȱɫɮɬɛɦɣɧɛ ɝɣɥɦɣɥɛɦɩ ɨɠɜɛɲɠɨɮ ɫɛɟʀɬɭɷ ɛ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɣ ɭɛ ʀɮɟɠʁ ɨɛɟɩɝɞɩ ɢɛɪɛɧ·ɺɭɛɦɣ ɾɫɮɬɛɦɣɧɬɷɥɮ ɫʀɢɛɨɣɨɮ ɮɦɛɳɭɩɝɛɨɮ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɛɧɣ

ɉɜɦɩɞɛ Ȱɫɮɬɛɦɣɧɛ ɮ ɫ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ

ɓɭɮɫɧ Ȼɨɭʀɩɰʀʁ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ

120

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

X Ʉɨɥɢ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɫɹ ɩɟɪɲɢɣ ɯɪɟɫɬɨɜɢɣ ɩɨɯɿɞ" X əɤɢɦ ɛɭɜ ɣɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ"

ȿɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ȿɮɰɩɝɨɩ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɩɫɟɠɨɣ ɂɛɝɩɤɩɝɛɨʀ ɨɛ Ɍɰɩɟʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɣ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɝɦɛɬɨʀɬɭɹ ʀ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ ɬɝɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ȱɫɮɬɛɦɣɧɬɷɥɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ȼɨɭʀɩɰʀɤ ɬɷɥɠ ɞɫɛɯɬɭɝɩ ɀɟɠɬɬɷɥɠ ʀ ɞɫɛɯɬɭɝɩ ɍɫʀɪɩɦʀ Ⱦɩ ɦɩɝɨɣɧ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɩɬɺ Ȱɫɮɬɛɦɣɧɬɷɥɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɩɨɛɫɰ ³ ɢɛɰɣɬɨɣɥɩɧ Ⱦɫɩɜɮ Ⱦɩɬɪɩɟɨɷɩɞɩ Ɏ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛɰ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɦɣ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨʀ ɪɩɫɺɟɥɣ Ʌɩɡɠɨ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɷ ɪɩɟʀɦɣɝ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɜɛɫɩ ɨʀʁ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɜɛɫɩɨʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɲɠɫɞɩɹ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɯɠɩɟɣ Ɏɬʀ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɥɣ ɯɠɩɟʀɝ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɨɠɬɭɣ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɮ ɬɦɮɡɜɮ ɮ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫʀɝ ɇʀɬɱɠɝʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɦɣ ɝ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫʀɝ ʀ ɪɩɝɣɨɨʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɝʀɟɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɝɫɩɡɛɹ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɛɧ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ ȿɦɺ ɢɛɰɣȾɩɭɯɫʀɟ ɬɭɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɣɰ ɥɩɫɟɩɨʀɝ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɪɛɟʀɝ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨ ɰɫɠɬȼɮɦɷɤɩɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɭɩɨɩɬɱʀ ɪɩɜɮɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɧʀɱɨʀ ɯɩɫɭɠɱʀ ɑʀ ɯɩɫɭɠɱʀ ɤ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɛ ɞɩɭɩɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ ɟɩ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɣɦɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱɺɧ ɟɩɝɞɩ ɮɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩɾ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ Ɍɰɩɟʀ ȿɦɺ ɢɛɰɣɬɭɮ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɝʀɟ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɩ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɩɫɟɠɨɣ ɲɦɠɨɣ ɺɥɣɰ ɧɛɦɣ ɢɛ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɮ ɬɪɫɛɝɮ ɨɠ ɧɩɦɣɭɝɮ ɛ ɝʀɤɨɮ Ƚɬɭɮɪɛɹɲɣ ɟɩ ɩɫɟɠɨɮ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ ɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɭɫɣ ɩɜʀɭɨɣɱʀ ɪɩɥɩɫɣ ɜʀɟɨɩɬɭʀ ɜɠɢɳɦɹɜɨɩɬɭʀ ʀ ɢɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɮ ɝʀɟ ɢɝɣɲɨɣɰ ɲɠɨɱʀɝ ɢʀ ɢɜɫɩɾɹ ɝ ɫɮɥɛɰ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɭɣ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɮ ɝʀɫɮ

Ⱦɭɯɨɜɧɨ ɪɢɰɚɪɫɶɤɢɣ ɨɪɞɟɧ ² ɰɟ ɨɛ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɯ ɪɢɰɚɪɿɜ ɹɤɿ ɩɨɪɹɞ ɡ ɱɟɪɧɟɱɟɸ ɨɛɿɬɧɢɰɟɸ ɡɨɛɨɜ¶ɹɡɭɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɡɿ ɡɛɪɨɽɸ ɜ ɪɭɤɚɯ ɡɚɯɢɳɚɬɢ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɶɤɭ ɜɿɪɭ Ȼɭɥɢ ɩɿɞ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜɚɧɿ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɉɚɩɿ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɨɦɭ

ɀɪɩɰɛ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ

ɏɩɫɭɠɱɺ Ʌɫɛɥ ɟɠ ɓɠɝɛɦɷɾ

ɐɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɮɝɛɦɣ ɨɛ Ɍɰɩɟʀ ɭɫɣ ɩɫɟɠɨɣ Ɉɛɤɟɛɝɨʀɳɣɤ ³ ɩɫɟɠɨ ɞɩɬɪʀɭɛɦɷɾɫʀɝ ɛɜɩ ʀɩɛɨɨʀɭʀɝ Ɏ Ȱɫɮɬɛɦɣɧʀ ɴɠ ɟɩ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɝ ɜɮɟɣɨɩɥ ɟɦɺ ɝʀɟɪɩɲɣɨɥɮ ɪɛɦɩɧɨɣɥʀɝ ³ ɞɩɬɪʀɭɛɦɷ ɪɫɣɭɮɦɩɥ ɺɥɣɤ ɧɛɝ ʀɧ·ɺ Ɍɝ Ȳɩɛɨɨɛ ɪɛɭɫʀɛɫɰɛ Ȼɦɠɥɬɛɨɟɫʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ 9,, ɬɭ ɇɩɨɛɰɣ ɬɪɠɫɳɮ ɟɩɞɦɺɟɛɦɣ ɪɩɫɛɨɠɨɣɰ ɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɬɛɧʀ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɝɩɹɝɛɭɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɨɠɝʀɫɨɣɰ Ɏ ɫ ɪɛɪɛ ɩɯʀɱʀɤ ɨɩ ɝɣɢɨɛɝ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɞɩɬɪʀɭɛɦɷɾɫʀɝ ʀ ɢɛɭɝɠɫɟɣɝ ɮɬɭɛɝ ɩɫɟɠɨɮ ɢɞʀɟɨɩ ɢ ɺɥɣɧ ɤɩɞɩ ɲɦɠɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɜɩɫɩɭɣɬɺ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɝɩɫɩɞʀɝ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɝʀɟɝɩɹɝɛɨ ɨɺ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɛɧɣ ɫ Ɋɛɦɠɬɭɣɨɣ ɞɩɬɪʀɭɛɦɷɾɫɣ ɢɛɝɩɦɩɟʀɦɣ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɩɧ ɋɩɟɩɬ ɛ ɥɩɦɣ ɭɮɫɥɣ ɩɬɧɛɨɣ ɫ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɣ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɩɫɟɠɨ ɪɠɫɠɜɫɛɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɇɛɦɷɭɮ Ƚʀɟɭɩɟʀ ɩɫɟɠɨ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɇɛɦɷɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɧ ɝʀɨ ʀɬɨɮɾ ɤ ɟɩɭɠɪɠɫ ɛ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɧ ɪɫɩɺɝɩɧ ɤɩɞɩ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɾ ɟɩɜɫɩɲɣɨɨʀɬɭɷ Ɉɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;,, ɬɭ ɝɣɨɣɥ ɩɫɟɠɨ ɭɛɧɪɦʀɾɫʀɝ ɛɜɩ ɰɫɛɧɩɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɝʀɟ ɯɫɛɨɱ WHPSOH ³ ɰɫɛɧ

Ʉɩɞɩ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɝ ² ɫɫ ɟɠɝ·ɺɭɷ ɯɫɛɨ ɱɮɢɷɥɣɰ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ ɋɠɢɣɟɠɨɱʀɺ ɩɫɟɠɨɮ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮ ɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɝ Ȱɫɮɬɛɦɣɧʀ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɰɫɛɧɮ Ɍɩɦɩɧɩɨɛ Ȳɬɭɩɫʀɺ ɝɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɩɫɟɠɨɮ ɭɛɧɪɦʀɾɫʀɝ ɬɪɩɝɨɠ ɨɛ ɭɛɾɧɨɣɱɷ Ɋɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɟɠɬɺɭɣ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɨɣ ɥɣ ɪɫɣɰɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ Ɇɣɳɠ ɫ ɪɛɪɛ ɢɛɭɝɠɫɟɣɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɭɮɭ ɇɠɭɩɹ ɩɫɟɠɨɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɳɠɨɩ ɢɛɰɣɬɭ ɳɦɺɰʀɝ ɟɩ Ɍɝɺɭɩʁ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɭɛ ɬɛɧɣɰ ɪɛɦɩɧɨɣɥʀɝ ɍɛɧɪɦʀɾɫɣ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɮ ɝʀɟ ʀɨ ɳɣɰ ɩɫɟɠɨʀɝ ɧɛɦɣ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ Ɉɠ ɋɣɱɛɫʀ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɩ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɩɜʀɭɨɣɱɹ ɜʀɟɨɩɬɭʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɛɥɩɪɣɲɣ ɩɫɟɠɨʀɝ ɦɣ ɨɠɢɦʀɲɠɨɨʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɛ ɨɛ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɢʀɰɛɦɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɢɛɢɟɫʀɬɨɣɥʀɝ Ɏ ;Ȳ9 ɬɭ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɏʀɦʀɪɪ ,9 ɮɲɣ ɨɣɝ ɫɩɢɪɫɛɝɮ ɨɛɟ ɭɛɧɪɦʀɾɫɛɧɣ ɛɦɠ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɬɥɛɫ ɜʀɝ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɨɠ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɝ

X Ɂɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɠɟɪɟɥ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɢ ɹɤɢɯ ɨɪɞɟɧɿɜ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɭ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

Ɏ ɫ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥʀ ɰɫɠɬɭɩ ɨɩɬɱʀ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɝ Ɋɛɦɠɬɭɣɨʀ ɍɠɝɭɩɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɛɜɩ Ɉʀɧɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɩɫɟɠɨ Ɍɝ ȿʀɝɣ ɇɛɫʀʁ Ɉɛ ɝʀɟ ɧʀɨɮ ɝʀɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɩɫɟɠɨʀɝ ɟɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɝɬɭɮɪɣɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥʀ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ Ɏ Ɋɛɦɠɬɭɣɨʀ ɩɫɟɠɨ ɢɛɦɣ ɳɛɝɬɺ ɨɠɟɩɝɞɩ Ɋɩɭɩɧɮ ɭɠɝɭɩɨɣ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɦɣ ɮɞɩɫɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɝʀɟ ɪɩ ɦɩɝɱʀɝ ɛ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɨɛ ɢɛɪɫɩɳɠɨɨɺ X Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɦɚɥɸɧɨɤ ɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɛɨʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɬɭɣɦɣɬɺ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɭ ©ȼɢʀɡɞ ɪɢɰɚɪɿɜ ɝɨɫɩɿɬɚɥɶɽɪɿɜ ɡ ɟɩ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ɋɫɣɜɛɦɭɣɥɣ Ɍɪɩɲɛɭ ɥɮ ɧɠɭɩɹ ɭɠɝɭɩɨʀɝ ɜɮɝ ɢɛɰɣɬɭ ȯɪɭɫɚɥɢɦɚª ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɪɛɟʀɝ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɪɫɮɬʀɝ ɛɦɠ ɪɫɣɜɦɣɢɨɩ ɢɛ ɪʀɝɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ ɩɫɟɠɨ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɝ ɮɬʀ ɪɫɮɬɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɤ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɝ ɨɛ ɨɣɰ ɬɝɩɹ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ɉɫɟɠɨɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ɪʀɟɪɩɫɺɟɥɩɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɜɠɢɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩ ɪɛɪʀ Ɋɩɝɠɫɰ ɩɜɦɛ ɟɮɨɥʀɝ ©ɜɫɛɭɣ ɫɣɱɛɫʀª ɨɩɬɣɦɣ ɟɮɡɠ ɟɩɝɞʀ ɪɦɛɴʀ ³ ɧɛɨɭʀʁ Ȳɩɛɨɨʀɭɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɲɩɫɨɣɤ ɪɦɛɴ ʀɢ ɜʀɦɣɧ ɝɩɬɷɧɣɥɩɨɠɲɨɣɧ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɧ ɭɛɧɪɦʀɾɫɣ ³ ɜʀɦɣɤ ɪɦɛɴ ʀɢ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɣɧ ɝɩɬɷɧɣɥɩɨɠɲɨɣɧ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɧ ɭɠɝɭɩɨɣ ³ ɜʀɦɣɤ ɪɦɛɴ ʀɢ ɪɫɩɬɭɣɧ ɲɩɫɨɣɧ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɧ X əɤɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɡɚɫɧɭɜɚɥɢ ɯɪɟɫɬɨɧɨɫɰɿ ɜ ɉɚɥɟɫɬɢɧɿ" X əɤɿ ɪɢɰɚɪɫɶɤɿ ɨɪɞɟɧɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɚɧɿ ɜ ɉɚɥɟɫɬɢɧɿ" Ȼ ɭɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ« ² ɫɫ ³ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɭɫʀɮɧɝʀɫɛɭɮ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɣɲʀɝ ³ Ȳɢɺɬɦɛɝɛ Ɍɝɺ ɭɩɬɦɛɝɛ Ƚɬɠɝɩɦɩɟɛ ɫ ³ Ɇɹɜɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɢ·ʁɢɟ

Ɍɛɦɛɟʀɨ

ȿɫɮɞɣɤ ʀ ɭɫɠɭʀɤ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ Ɉɠɢɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɝ ɜɩɤɩɝʀɤ ɞɩ ɭɩɝɨɩɬɭʀ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɠ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ɨɛ Ɍɰɩɟʀ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɧʀɱ ɨɣɧ Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ;,, ɬɭ ɬɠɦɷɟɡɮɥɣ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɦɣ ɝ ɨɛɬɭɮɪ Ƚɩɨɣ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɦɣ ɟɡɣɰɛɟ ³ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɨɮ ɝʀɤɨɮ ʀɬɦɛɧɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɨɠɝʀɫɨɣɰ Ȱɫɮɬɛɦɣɧɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɮɭɫɛɭɣɝɳɣ ɜʀɦɷɳɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɝɬɺ ɪɩ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɮ ɟɩ ɪɛɪɣ ɺɥɣɤ ɮ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɝ ɟɫɮɞɣɤ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ² ɫɫ Ɉɠɢɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝʀ ɬɣɦɣ ɭɣɬ ɝɩʁɨʀɝ ɴɩ ɝɠɦɣ ʀɢ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɣɤ ʀɧɪɠ ɫɛɭɩɫ Ʌɩɨɫɛɟ ȲȲȲ ʀ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ 9,, ɪɩ ɰʀɟ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɣɝɬɺ ɪɩɝɨɩɹ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɩɹ ɇʀɬɭɩ ȿɛɧɛɬɥ ³ ɧɠɭɛ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ³ ɝɣɭɫɣɧɛɦɩ ɩɜɦɩɞɮ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ

ɀɪɩɰɛ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ

Ɏ ɟɫɮɞʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ;,, ɬɭ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɠ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ɨɛ Ɍɰɩɟʀ ɴɠ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɪɩɞʀɫ ɳɣɦɩɬɺ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɾɞɣɪɠɭɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɮɦ ɭɛɨɛ Ɍɛɦɛɰ ɛɟ ȿʀɨɛ ɛɜɩ Ɍɛɦɛɟʀɨɛ ɺɥ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀ Ɍɛɦɛɟʀɨ ɩɲɩɦɣɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ Ƚʀɨ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝ Ȱɫɮɬɛɦɣɧ ʀ ɝɢɺɝ ɢɛ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɣɤ ɝɣɥɮɪ Ɏ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɂɛɰʀɟ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɮɝɛɝ ɭɫɠɭʀɤ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ² ɫɫ ɉɲɩ ȼɠɨɠɟɣɥɭ ɢɛɥɦɣɥɛɾ ɟɩ ɟɫɮɞɩɞɩ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɦɣɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɭɫɣ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀ ɯɫɛɨ ɱɮɢɷɥɣɤ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ʀ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɍɛ ɝʀɟ ɬɛɧɩɞɩ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɮɲɛɬɨɣɥɛɧ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɨɠ ɭɛɦɛɨɣɦɩ Ɋʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɪɠɫɠɪɫɛɝɣ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɮ ɫʀɲɥɮ ɝ Ɍɣɫʀʁ ɝɭɩɪɣɝɬɺ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɣɤ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰ Ȳ ȼɛɫɜɛɫɩɬɬɛ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɲɩɞɩ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɣɰ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɦɣɬɺ ɟɩɟɩɧɮ ɏɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɏʀ ɦʀɪɪ ȲȲ Ȼɝɞɮɬɭ ʀ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɋʀɲɛɫɟ Ȳ Ɇɠɝɩɝɠ Ɍɠɫɱɠ ɜɮɦɣ ɟɛɝɨʀɧɣ ɝɩɫɩɞɛ ɧɣ ʀ ɢɛɧʀɬɭɷ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩɜ ɟʀɺɭɣ ɫɛɢɩɧ ɦɣɳɠ ɲɣɨɣɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɳɥɩɟɣ ɩɟɣɨ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ Ƚɣɬɛɟɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɫ ɝ Ɍɣɫʀʁ ɛɨɞɦʀɤ ɬɷɥʀ ɭɛ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥʀ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɩɭɩɲɣɦɣ ɯɩɫ ɭɠɱɹ Ȼɥɫɛ ʀ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɩʁ ɩɜɦɩɞɣ ɢɛɰɩ ɪɣɦɣ ʁʁ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɏʀɦʀɪɪ ȲȲ Ȼɝɞɮɬɭ ʀ ɋʀɲɛɫɟ Ȳ Ɇɠɝɩɝɠ Ɍɠɫɱɠ ɪɩɬɝɛɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ʀ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɣ ɪɩɥɣɨɮɝɳɣ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɱʀɝ ɨɛɪɫɣ ɢɝɩɦɺɴɠ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɦɣɬɺ ɟɩɟɩɧɮ ɋʀɲɛɫɟ Ȳ Ɇɠɝɩɝɠ Ɍɠɫɱɠ ɭɫɣɲʀ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɝ ɬɺ ɝɢɺɭɣ Ȱɫɮɬɛɦɣɧ ɛɦɠ ɨɠ ɢɧʀɞ Ƚʀɨ ɦɣɳɠ ɮɥɦɛɝ ɫ ɮɞɩɟɮ ɢ Ɍɛɦɛɟʀɨɩɧ ɢɛ ɺɥɩɹ ɬɮɦɭɛɨ ɞɛɫɛɨɭɮɝɛɝ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɣɧ ɪɛɦɩɧ ɨɣɥɛɧ ɜɠɢɪɠɫɠɳɥɩɟɨɠ ɝʀɟɝʀɟɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɝɺ ȿɛɧɛɬɥ ɭɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ³ Ȱɫɮɬɛɦɣɧɛ Ɉɛɢɛɫɠɭɛ ʀ Ƚɣɯɦɠɾɧɛ ɮɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɫɩɥʀɝ ȿɫɮɞɣɤ ʀ ɭɫɠɭʀɤ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝʀ ɪɩɰɩ ɟɣ ɪɩɥɛɢɛɦɣ ɴɩ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɣɤ ɰɫɣɬ ɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɮɡɠ ɨɠ ɧɛɝ ɭɩɞɩ ɫɠɦʀɞʀɤɨɩɞɩ ɪʀɟɨɠɬɠɨɨɺ ɺɥ ɫɛɨʀ ɳɠ Ʌɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɝɡɠ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɠɬɪɫɩɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɩɟɩɦɛɭɣ ɬɮɪɠɫɠɲ ɥɣ ɧʀɡ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛɧɣ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɢɛ ɟɩ ɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɝɠɦɣɲɨɩʁ ʀɟɠʁ ɬɦɮɡʀɨɨɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɮ ɏʀɦʀɪɪ ȲȲ Ȼɝɞɮɬɭ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰ ȼɛɫɜɛɫɩɬɬɛ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

X ɑɨɦɭ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɿ ɬɪɟɬɶɨɝɨ ɯɪɟɫɬɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɯɨɞɿɜ ɛɭɥɢ ɫɤɪɨɦɧɿɲɢɦɢ ɧɿɠ ɩɟɪɲɨɝɨ"

Ȼ ɭɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ« ɫ ³ ©ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɤª ɪɩɰʀɟ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɩɝɛɨɣɤ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɩɧ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɩɧ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɪɩɦɩɝɱʀɝ ² ɫɫ ³ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɥɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɛ ɫɩɝɣɲɛ ² ɫɫ ³ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɚɫɩɬɦɛɝɛ ɉɬɧɩɧɣɬɦɛ ɫ ³ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ ©Ɍɦɩɝɛ ɩ ɪɩɦɥɮ Ȳɞɩɫɠɝʀɧª ɫ ³ ɪɠɫɳɛ ɦʀɭɩɪɣɬɨɛ ɢɞɛɟɥɛ ɪɫɩ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɫ ³ ɮɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ

ɒɠɭɝɠɫɭɣɤ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ Ɉɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;,,, ɬɭ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɦɣɧ ɴɩ ɝɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɟɩɦʀ Ɍɝɺɭɩʁ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɧɛɾ Ȱɞɣɪɠɭ ɬɮɦɭɛɨ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɢɛɞɫɩɡɮɝɛɝ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺɧ ɰɫɠɬɭɩ ɨɩɬɱʀɝ Ɋɛɪɛ Ȳɨɩɥɠɨɭʀɤ ȲȲȲ ɪɩɲɛɝ ɞɩɭɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɟɩ Ȱɞɣɪɭɮ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɨɠ ɟʀɤɳɦɣ ɔɩɜ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɭɣ ɟɩ Ȱɞɣɪɭɮ ɥɠɫʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɢɝɠɫɨɮ ɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ Ƚɠɨɠɱʀʁ ɺɥɛ ɧɛɦɛ ɨɛɤɥɫɛɴɣɤ ɯɦɩɭ ʀɢ ɪɫɩɰɛɨ ɨɺɧ ɪɠɫɠɪɫɛɝɣɭɣ ʁɰɨʀ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ȿɩɡ ɀɨɫʀɥɩ ȿɛɨɟɩɦɩ ³ ɞɩɦɩɝɛ Ƚɠɨɠɱʀɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɫɠɬɪɮɜɦʀɥɣ ³ ɪɩɞɩɟɣɝɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɝɠɢɭɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ɢɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɬɮɧɮ ɞɫɩɳɠɤ ³ ɭɣɬ ɧɛɫɩɥ ɬɫʀɜɦɩɧ Ɏ ɲɠɫɝɨʀ ɫ ɥɩɦɣ ɥɩɫɛɜɦʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɡɠ ɞɩɭɩɝʀ ɨɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ Ɇʀɟɩ ɢʀɜɫɛɦɛɬɺ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɫɠɭɣɨɛ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ Ʌɠɫʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɢɧɩɞɦɣ ɢʀɜɫɛɭɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɨɠɩɜ ɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɬɮɧɣ ɍɩɟʀ ɟɩɡ ɢɛɪɫɩɪɩɨɮɝɛɝ ɝʀɟɥɦɛɬɭɣ ɪɦɛɭʀɡ ɢɛ ɀɨɫʀɥɩ ȿɛɨɟɩɦɩ ɮɧɩɝɣ ɴɩ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɤɩɧɮ ɢɨɣɴɣɭɣ ɭɩɫ ɞɩɝɩɞɩ ɬɮɪɠɫɨɣɥɛ ³ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɂɛɟɛɫ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɧɮ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡ ɡʀ Ȼɟɫʀɛɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ Ɉɠɢɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɮ ɪɛɪɣ ɝɩɹɝɛɭɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ ɥɠɫʀɝɨɣɥɣ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɪɫɣɬɭɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɭɛɥɮ ɪɫɩɪɩɢɣɱʀɹ Ɏ ɦɣɬɭɩɪɛɟʀ ɫ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɣ ʀ ɪɩɞɫɛɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɂɛɟɛɫ Ȳɨɩɥɠɨɭʀɤ ȲȲȲ ɝʀɟɦɮɲɣɝ Ƚɠɨɠɱʀɹ ʀ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ɝʀɟ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɛɦɠ ɜɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɢɨɣɴɣɭɣ ɾɞɣɪ ɭɺɨ ɪɩɩɜʀɱɺɝ ɢɨɺɭɣ ɝʀɟɦɮɲɠɨɨɺ ɺɥɴɩ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɝʀɟɜɮɟɠɭɷɬɺ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɟɩɡ Ƚɠɨɠɱʀʁ ɨɛɧɩɝɣɝ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ɨɛ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɴɠ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɬɮɪɠɫɨɣɥɛ ³ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ ɪɩɩɜʀɱɺɝɳɣ ʁɧ ɴɠɟɫɮ ɝɣɨɛ ɞɩɫɩɟɮ Ɋɫɣɝɩɟɩɧ ɟɩ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɜɛɡɛɨɨɺ ɬɣɨɛ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ Ȳɨɩɥɠɨɭʀɤ ȲȲȲ Ȳɬɛɛɥɛ ȲȲ Ȼɨɞɠɦɛ ɝʀɟʀɜɫɛɭɣ ɝ ɟɺɟɷɥɛ ɉɦɠɥɬʀɺ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ

ɀɪɩɰɛ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ

ɺɥɣɤ ɭɩɤ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝ ɩɬɦʀɪɣɝɳɣ ɜɫɛɭɛ Ȳɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɣɨ ɪɩɩɜʀɱɺɝ ɢɛ ɱɠ ɴɠɟɫɮ ɝɣɨɛɞɩɫɩɟɮ ɮɥɫɛɤ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɮ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱɺɧ ³ ɭɣɬ ɧɛɫɩɥ ɬɫʀɜɦɩɧ Ɏɦʀɭɥɮ ɫ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɩɜɦɩɞɮ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ Ɉɠɝɟɩɝɢʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɣ ɧʀɬɭɩ ʀ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɦɣ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ Ȳɬɛɛɥɮ ȲȲ ȿɛɦʀ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɦɩ ɫɩɢɫɛɰɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɢ ©ɝɣɢɝɩɦɣɭɠɦɺɧɣª ɛɦɠ ɝ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɬɷɥʀɤ ɬɥɛɫɜɨɣɱʀ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɤɳɦɩɬɺ ɭɛɥɩʁ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɞɫɩɳɠɤ Ʌɩɦɣ ʁɰ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɬɣɦɩɹ ɬɭɺɞɮɝɛɭɣ ɢ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɝɣɜɮɰɨɮɦɩ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ Ɉɩɝɣɤ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɬɪɫɩɜɮɝɛɝ ɢɛɰɣɬɭɣɭɣ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɝʀɟ ©ɝɣɢɝɩɦɣɭɠɦʀɝª ɐɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɳɭɮɫɧ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ ʀ ɥɝʀɭɨɺ ɫ ɝɢɺɦɣ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɪɩ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɞɫɛɜɮɝɛɦɣ ʀ ɪɩɝɜɣɝɛɦɣ ɭɣɬɺɲʀ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀ ɪɩɟʀɦɣɦɣ ɧʀɡ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɢɠɧɦʀ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ɇɛɭɣɨɺɨɣ ɭɛɥ

Ƚɢɺɭɭɺ ɂɛɟɛɫɮ

ɓɭɮɫɧ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɺ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɮɭɝɩ ɫɣɦɣ ɨɛ ɫɮʁɨɛɰ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɺɥʀ ɨɛ ɂɛɰɩɟʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ Ɇɛɭɣɨɬɷɥɩɹ ɋɩɧɛ ɨʀɾɹ ɛ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɣ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɨɛɢɝɛɦɣ Ɇɛɭɣɨ ɬɷɥɩɹ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɾɹ Ɋɫɩ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɰɩ ɟɮ ɪɠɝɨɛ ɫʀɲ ɞɩɟʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɤ ɥɛɢɛɭɣ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɪɫɣɪɣɨɠɨɨɺ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɣɫɠɲɠɨʀ ɉɟɨɠ ɢɛ ɩɟɨɣɧ ɪɛɟɛɦɣ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɯɩɫɭɠɱʀ ɰɫɠɬ ɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ³ ɍɫʀɪɩɦʀ ɍʀɫ Ɍʀɟɩɨ Ɏ ɫ ɾɞɣɪɭɺɨɣ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɦɣ Ȼɥɫɮ ³ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɹ ɬɭɩ ɦɣɱɹ Ȱɫɮɬɛɦɣɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɀɪɩɰɛ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɣɦɛɬɺ X əɤɟ ɦɿɫɬɨ ɡɚɯɨɩɢɥɢ ɯɪɟɫɬɨɧɨɫɰɿ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɝɨ ɯɪɟɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɯɨɞɭ" ɉɪɨ ɳɨ ɰɟ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɥɨ" X ɍ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɪɨɰɿ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɥɚɫɶ ɟɩɨɯɚ ɯɪɟɫɬɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɯɨɞɿɜ ɧɚ ɋɯɿɞ"

Ɏ ;,,, ɬɭ ɨɛ ɂɛɰɩɟʀ ɨɛɧɛ ɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ʀɟɠʁ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ Ɋɩɳɣɫɣɦɛɬɺ ɟɮɧɥɛ ɴɩ ɦɣɳɠ ɜɠɢɞɫʀɳɨʀ ɟʀɭɣ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɭɣ ɟɣɝɩ ʀ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɣ ɭɣ Ȱɫɮɬɛɦɣɧ Ɏ ɫ ɭɣɬɺɲʀ ɪʀɟ ɦʀɭɥʀɝ ʀɢ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɫɮɳɣɦɣ ɝ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɝɣɢɝɩɦɺɭɣ Ɍɝɺɭɮ ɂɠɧɦɹ ɒɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɟʀɭɠɤ ɴɩ ɪɫɣɜɮɦɣ ɟɩ ɪɩɫɭɮ ɇɛɫɬɠɦɷ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɥɣ ɥɩɫɛɜ ɦʀɝ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɣ ʀ ɪɫɩɟɛɦɣ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛ ɨɛɧ ɛ ɫɠɳɭɛ ɪɫɩɬɭɩ ɢɨɣɥɦɣ ȿɣ ɭɺɲɣɤ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɣɝɬɺ ɱʀɦɥɩɝɣɭɣɧ ɪɫɩɝɛɦɩɧ

Ȼ ɭɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ« ɫ ³ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɠɨɨɺ Ʌɣɾɝɛ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ ɋɩɧɛɨɩɧ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲɠɧ ɫ ³ ɢɛɞɣɜɠɦɷ ɋɩɧɛɨɛ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɣɲɛ

Ɂɚɤɪɿɩɢɦɨ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ 1. əɤɢɦɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɿ ɦɟɬɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɰɶɤɨɸ ɰɟɪɤɜɨɸ ɯɪɟɫɬɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɯɨɞɿɜ" 2. əɤɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ɯɪɟɫɬɨɧɨɫɰɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɋɯɨɞɿ" 3. Ⱦɥɹ ɱɨɝɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ ɪɢɰɚɪɫɶɤɿ ɨɪɞɟɧɢ" ɑɢɦ ©ɛɪɚɬɢ ɪɢɰɚɪɿª ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɥɢɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɱɟɧɰɿɜ" 4. ɑɨɦɭ ɉɚɩɚ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɢɣ ɛɭɜ ɡɦɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɤɥɢɤɚɬɢ ɞɨ ɧɨɜɢɯ ɯɪɟɫɬɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɯɨɞɿɜ ɩɿɫɥɹ ©ɜɢɡɜɨɥɟɧɧɹ Ƚɪɨɛɭ Ƚɨɫɩɨɞɧɶɨɝɨª" 5. Ɇɨɧɚɪɯɢ ɹɤɢɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜ ɛɪɚɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɶ ɭ ɬɪɟɬɶɨɦɭ ɯɪɟɫɬɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɨɯɨɞɿ" 6. ɏɬɨ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɋɚɥɚɞɿɧ" ɑɢɦ ɜɿɧ ɭɫɥɚɜɢɜɫɹ" 7. ɑɢɦ ɑɟɬɜɟɪɬɢɣ ɯɪɟɫɬɨɜɢɣ ɩɨɯɿɞ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɜɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɿɯ" əɤɢɦɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ" 8. Ʉɨɥɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɯɪɟɫɬɨɧɨɫɰɿɜ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɢɥɢ ɫɜɨɽ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ Ȼɥɢɡɶɤɨɦɭ ɋɯɨɞɿ" 9. əɤɿ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɩɨɪɚɡɨɤ ɯɪɟɫɬɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɯɨɞɿɜ" 10. ɑɨɦɭ ɡ ɱɚɫɨɦ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɰɿ ɜɬɪɚɬɢɥɢ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɞɨ ɯɪɟɫɬɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɯɨɞɿɜ"

ɀɪɩɰɛ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ

ɊɋȻɅɍɃɒɈɀ ɂȻɈɚɍɍɚ Ɉɛɬɦʀɟɥɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ ɇɠɭɛ Ƚɣɢɨɛɲɣɭɣ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥɣ ɭɛ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ ɐʀɟ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ ɉɢɨɛɤɩɧɣɭɣɬɺ ɢ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɣɧ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɩɧ ɐɫɠɬɭɩɝʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɺɥ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝʀ ɠɥɬɪɠɟɣɱʀʁ ɢ ɧɠɭɩɹ ɝɣɢɝɩɦɠɨɨɺ Ɍɝɺɭɩʁ ɂɠɧ ɦʀ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɣ ɥɫɛɰɮ Ƚɩɨɣ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɣɦɣ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɦɹɟɬɷɥʀ ɝɭɫɛɭɣ ɺɥ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɥɫɛʁɨ Ɍɰɩɟɮ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɬɠɫɠɟ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɮɲɛɬɨɣɥʀɝ Ɋʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɨɣɴɠɨɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɩɥ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɜʀɜɦʀɩɭɠɥ ɪɛɦɛɱʀɝ Ɏɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɲɠɭɝɠɫɭɩɞɩ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɢɛɢɨɛɝ ɢɨɛɲɨɩʁ ɳɥɩɟɣ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɭɣɨɩɪɩɦɷ ³ ɱɠɨɭɫ ɬɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɥɮɦɷɭɮ ɫɣ ɐɫɠɬɭɩɝʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɣɦɣ ɪɩɞʀɫɳɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨ ɧʀɡ Ȱɝɫɩɪɩɹ ʀ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɧɣ Ɍɰɩɟɮ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɣɧ ɭɛ ʀɬɦɛɧɬɷɥɣɧ ɬɝʀɭɛɧɣ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɠɪɩɰɛ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ ɨɠ ɧɣɨɮɦɛ ɜɠɢɬɦʀɟɨɩ ɟɦɺ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɂɨɛɲɨɩ ɪɩ ɡɝɛɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦɺ ɨɛ Ɍɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɮ ɧɩɫʀ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɞɣ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɦɣ ʀɭɛɦʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ³ Ƚɠɨɠɱʀɺ ʉɠɨɮɺ Ɋʀɢɛ ɟɩ ɺɥɣɰ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɦɛ ɪɠɫɳʀɬɭɷ ɮ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɢ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɧɣ Ɍɰɩɟɮ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɺ ɺɥ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɣɤ ɬɮɪɠɫɨɣɥ ʀɭɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɲɠɭɝɠɫɭɩɞɩ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɢɨɣɥɦɛ ɍɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨʀ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ Ɍɰɩ ɟɮ ʀ ɂɛɰɩɟɮ ɢɛ ɲɛɬ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ ɨɛɜɮɦɣ ɫɠɞɮɦɺɫɨɩɞɩ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɮ Ʌʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɭɩ ɝɛɫʀɝ ɴɩ ʁɰ ɪɫɣɝɩɢɣɦɣ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥʀ ɥɮɪɱʀ ɢʀ Ɍɰɩɟɮ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɣɦɛɬɺ ɝ ɟɠɬɺɭɥɣ ɫɛɢʀɝ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀ ɪɩɢɨɛɤɩɧɣɦɣɬɺ ɢ ɝɣɫɩɜɨɣɱɭɝɩɧ ɱɮɥɫɮ ɳɩɝɥɩɝɣɰ ɭɥɛɨɣɨ ʀ ɬɥɦɺɨɣɰ ɟɢɠɫɥɛɦ ɢɛɪɩɢɣɲɣɦɣ ɢʀ Ɍɰɩɟɮ ɞɩɦɮɜɣɨɮ ɪɩɳɭɮ ʀ ɝʀɭɫɺɥɣ ɂɨɛɤɩɧɬɭɝɩ ɢʀ Ɍɰɩɟɩɧ ɬɪɫɛɝɣɦɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ʀ ɨɛ ɪɩɜɮɭ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀɝ ɋɣɱɛɫʀ ɢɛɬɝɩʁɦɣ ɬɰʀɟɨʀ ɧɛɨɠɫɣ ɪɫɣɟɝɩɫɨɮ ɝɝʀɲɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ Ɍɛɧɠ ɝʀɟɭɩɟʀ ɨɛ ɂɛɰɩɟʀ ɪɫɣɢɝɣɲɛʁɦɣɬɺ ɧɣɭɣ ɫɮɥɣ ɪɠɫɠɟ ʁɡɠɹ ɪɫɣɤɧɛɭɣ ɝɛɨɨɣ ʀ ɧɣɭɣɬɺ ɝ ɞɛɫɺɲɣɰ ɦɛɢɨɺɰ Ɏ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɛɧɥɛɰ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɛ ɬɺ ɨɩɝɛ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɹɹɲɛ ɞɫɛ ³ ɳɛɰɣ ȿɛɭɣ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɨɛ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɚɥ ɝɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɾɭɠ ɲɩɧɮ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɩɟɨʀɾɹ ɢ ɨɛɤɺɬɥɫɛ ɝʀɳɣɰ ɬɭɩɫʀɨɩɥ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɂɛɪɩɝɨɣɭɣ ɭɛɜɦɣɱɹ ©ɐɫɠɬɭɩɝʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣª Ïîõ³ä

Äàòà

Çì³ñò, îñíîâí³ ïî䳿

Ðåçóëüòàò

² ²² ²²² ²V

Ƚɣɬɦɩɝɣ ɬɮɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɟɛɝɳɣ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɨɛ ɢɛɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɚɥ ɝɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɾɭɠ ɲɩɧɮ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɩɟɨʀɾɹ ɢ ɨɛɤɺɬɥɫɛ ɝʀɳɣɰ ɬɭɩɫʀɨɩɥ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ" Ɋʀɟɜɣɭɣ ɪʀɟɬɮɧɥɣ ɮɫɩɥɮ ɝɣɰɩɟɺɲɣ ɢ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɠɭɣ

§ 12. Äåðæàâà â ñåðåäíüîâ³÷í³é ªâðîï³ ɋɛɨɨɷɩɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ɋɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɝʀɥʀɝ ɝʀɟɢɨɛɲɣɝɬɺ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɪɩɬɭɛɦɣ ɪɫɣɨɱɣɪɩɝɩ ɨɩɝʀ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ɍɝʀɤ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɝɩɨɣ ɜɠɫɮɭɷ ʀɢ ɬɩɹɢʀɝ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɴɩ ɫɮɳɣɦɣ ɝ ɧɠɡʀ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɂɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɝɳɣ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɹ ɭɛ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɝ ɳɣ ʁʁ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ʀ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɢɛ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɧɣ ɪʀɟɫɛɰɮɨɥɛɧɣ ɝɲɠɨɣɰ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɣ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɝʀɟ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɠɨɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɝɩɡɟʀ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɩɪɣɨɣɦɣɬɺ ɪɠ ɫɠɟ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɩɹ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɱɣɧɣ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺɧɣ Ȳɬ ɨɮɹɲɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɝɣɺɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɠɪɫɣɟɛɭɨɩɹ ɟɦɺ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɠɨɣɧɣ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺɧɣ ɛ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɛ ɯɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɜɮɦɛ ɢɨɣɴɠɨɛ ʀ ɝʀɟɫɩɟɣɭɣɬɺ ɝɡɠ ɨɠ ɧɩɞ ɦɛ ȿɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɝɩɡɟʀ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲɛɦɣ ɩɪʀɫ ɩɟɨɩɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɣ ɥʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɨɠ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɭɣ ɲɩɧɮ ɫɮɤɨɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɬɭɛɫʀ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀʁ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɂɫɠɳɭɩɹ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɧ ɝɩɡɟɺɧ ɮɟɛɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɪɫɣɜɩɫ ɥɮɝɛɭɣ ɩɪʀɫ ɢɧʀɨɛɧ ɴɩ ɨɛɬɭɛɦɣ ɛ ɬɝɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɢɧʀɱɨɣɭɣ ɨɛɬɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɴɩ ʁʁ ɝɡɠ ɨʀɰɭɩ ɨɠ ɧʀɞ ɢɛɪɠɫɠ ɲɮɝɛɭɣ Ɋɩɪɠɫɝɛɰ ɺɥ ʀ ɫɛɨʀɳɠ ɭɛɥɛ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɺ ɝɦɛ ɟɛ ɭɫɣɧɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɣɦʀ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝʀɤ ɟɫɮɡɣɨʀ ɭɛ ɛɝ ɭɩɫɣɭɠɭʀ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɺɬɥɫɛɝɩ ɱɠ ɝɣɟɨɩ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɥɦɛɟʀ ɝɩɡɟɺ ɯɫɛɨɥʀɝ ɐɦɩɟɝʀɞɛ Ȼɦɠ ɺɥ ɝɛɧ ɮɡɠ ɝʀɟɩɧɩ ɝʀɨ ɢɨɛɤɳɩɝ ɟɦɺ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɤ ʀɨɳʀ ɩɪɩɫɣ ɢɛɥɩɨɣ ɞɫɩɳʀ ɬɥɛɫɜɨɣɱɺ ɛɪɛɫɛɭ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ʀ ɱɠɫɥɝɮ ɺɥɛ ɬɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɝɛɦɛ ɴɩ ©ɝɦɛɟɛ ɝʀɟ ȼɩɞɛª ɏɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɐɦɩɟɝʀɞ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɝ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ɮ ɺɥʀɤ ɜɮɝ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɬɭɩ ɝɩɡ ɐɫɠɴɠɨɨɺ ɐɦɩɟɝʀɞɛ ɟɠɧ ɪɦɠɧɠɨʀ ɛ ɧɩɨɛɫɰɩɧ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ ɥɩɭɫɣɤ ɪɫɛɝɣɝ ɩɟɨɩɩɬʀɜɨɩ ʀ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɝɛɝ ɬɝɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɮ ɬɪɛɟɩɥ ɀɭɛɪɣ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɧɩɨɛɫɰʀʁ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ Ɍɩɹɢɣ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ

ɋɛɨɨɷɩ

ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ

ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ

ɢ ɝɩɡɟɺɧɣ

ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ

ɥɩɨɮɨɞɛɧɣ

ɏɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɛ ɫɩɢɟɫɩɜ ɦɠɨʀɬɭɷ

Ɍɭɛɨɩɝɩ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛ ɝɨɣɱɷɥɛ ɧɩɨɛɫɰʀɺ

Ȼɜɬɩɦɹɭɨɛ ɧɩɨɛɫɰʀɺ

ȿɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ

Ʌɩɫɩɨɛɱʀɺ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ

ȿɠɴɩ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɠ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ʀ ɝ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛɰ ɐɩɲɛ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɝɣɺɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɬɦɛɜɥɩɹ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɩɹ ɝʀɟ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɩɬɭʀ ɧɩɨɛɫɰɛ ɝɩɨɛ ɝɬɠ ɡ ɢɛɥɦɛɦɛ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɪʀɟɝɛɦɣɨɣ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɰ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝ Ɍɭɝɩɫɣɝɳɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ʁʁ ɭɝɩɫɱʀ ɧɛɦɩ ɢɛɧɣɬɦɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɩ ʁʁ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɮ ɟɩɦɹ Ɏ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɩɲɛɰ ɝɩɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɭɛɥɣɧ ɡɠ ɧɛɤɨɩɧ ɺɥ ʀ ɝɬɠ ʀɨɳɠ Ȼ ɢ ɧɛɤɨɩɧ ɨɛ ʁɰɨɹ ɟɮɧɥɮ ɭɫɠɜɛ ɝɲɣɨɣɭɣ ɬɪɫɛɝɠɟɦɣɝɩ ³ ɫɩɢɟʀɦɣɭɣ ɧʀɡ ɬɣɨɛɧɣ ɨɛɴɛɟɥɛɧɣ ɴɩ ɤ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɩ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɭɛɥɛ ɬɪɫɛɝɠɟɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɩɜɠɫɭɛɦɛɬɺ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɩɹ ɢɛ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɧʀɡ ɨɛɴɛɟ ɥɛɧɣ ɮɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɺɥɩʁ ɢɛɞɣɨɮɦɩ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝ Ɉɛ ɫɛɨɨɾ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɪɫɣɪɛɟɛɾ ɪɩɺɝɛ ɴɠ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɯɩɫɧɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɺɥɛ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɟɮɝɛɦɛ ɨɛ ɝɬɠɩɬɺɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɤ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɛɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ Ɋʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩ ɞɩ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɦɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɩɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɩ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ȼɮɦɩ ɢɛɺɝɦɠɨɩ ɪɫɩ ɝʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ©ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁª Ɉɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɮ ɝʀɟ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨɣɱʀ ɝɩɨɛ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɛ ɡɩɫɬɭɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɫɩɢɞɛɦɮɡɠɨɩʁ ɬɣɬ ɭɠɧɣ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɾɟɣɨɩʁ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ ɪɩɟɛɭɥʀɝ ɚɥ ʀ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɝɩɨɛ ɜɛɢɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɨɱɣɪʀ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɩʁ ɝʀɟɟɛɨɩɬɭʀ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɤ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɷ ³ ɝʀɟɟɛɨʀ ɪʀɟɟɛɨʀ ɬɦɛɜɥɣɤ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɷ ³ ɮɬɠ ɧɠɨɳɠ ɝʀɟɟɛɨɣɰ ɬɦɮɞ Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ©ɋɣɧ ɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺª ɫɛɟɳɠ ɜɮɦɛ ɧɫʀɾɹ ɪɫɣɧɛɫɩɹ ɛɨʀɡ ɫɠɛɦɷɨʀɬɭɹ ɟɩ ɺɥɩʁ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɝ ɨɠ ɩɟɣɨ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɷ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɉɭɡɠ ɛɨʀ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɛɨʀ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɬɭʀɤɥɩʁ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ ɝɦɛɟɣ ʀ ɝ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɨɛɬɭɛɝ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɫɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨɩɬɭʀ X əɤɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɛɭɥɢ ɜɢɪɨɛɥɟɧɿ ɭ ɪɚɧɧɶɨɦɭ ɋɟɪɟɞɶɨɜɿɱɱɿ"

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

ɏɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɛ ɫɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨʀɬɭɷ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɫɩɢɪɛɟɮ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɛ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɾ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟɛ ɭɣ ɑɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɩ ɢ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɧɛ ɲɣɨɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɍɩ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɥɣ ɝɣɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɠɢɟɛ ɫɛɧɣ ɭɩ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɛ Ȱɝɫɩɪɛ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɛ ɨɩɝɩʁ ɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɢ ɜɩɥɮ ɨɩɫɧɛɨʀɝ ɮɞɫʀɝ ɧɛɟɺɫʀɝ

ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɬɛɫɛɱɣɨʀɝ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɩɹ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɩɹ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɝ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɠ ɢɠɧɦɠɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ Ʉɩɞɩ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫʀ ɥɫʀɧ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɩɞɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ³ ɢɠɧɦʀ ³ ɧɛɦɣ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɨɛɟ ɨɠɹ ɭɛ ʁʁ ɧɠɳɥɛɨɱɺɧɣ ©Ɉɠɧɛɾ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɜɠɢ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɺ ª ³ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɦɩɬɺ ɭɩɟʀ ɑɠ ɟɛɝɛɦɩ ʁɧ ɢɧɩɞɮ ɝʀɦɷɨɩ ɪɩɲɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɮ ɬɭɩɬɮɨɥɛɰ ʀɢ ɥɩ ɫɩɦɠɧ ʀɢ ɺɥɣɧ ɝɩɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨʀ ɦɣɳɠ ɝɛɬɛɦɷɨɩɹ ɪɫɣɬɺɞɩɹ Ƚɩɦɩ ɟʀɨɨɺ ɱɣɰ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɯɠɩɟɛɦʀɝ ʀɨɩɟʀ ɪɠɫɠɝɣɴɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɬɛɧɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɏɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɂɠɧɦɠɝɦɛɬɨɣɥ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɾ ɢɛ ɫɩɜɩɭɩɹ ɧɠɨɳ ɝʀɦɷɨɩ ɧʀɞ ɪɩɲɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɝʀɦɦɛɨʀɝ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ

ɮ ɝɦɛɬɨɩɧɮ ɟɩɧɠɨʀ ³ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɝɩɧɮ ɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨʀ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɪɩɥɛɢɩɝɣɧ ɪɫɣɥɦɛɟɩɧ ɭɛɥɩʁ ɬɣɭɮɛɱʀʁ ɾ ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ ɟɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɟɩɧɠɨ ɪɫɩɭɺɞ ɨɮɝɬɺ ɭɩɨɠɨɷɥɩɹ ɬɧɮɡɥɩɹ ɝʀɟ Ɋɛɫɣɡɛ ɟɩ ɉɫɦɠɛɨɮ ɢ ɮɬʀɰ ɜɩɥʀɝ ɢɛɭɣɬɨɮɭɣɤ ɝɩɦɩ ɟʀɨɨɺɧɣ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɯɠɩɟɛɦʀɝ ɏɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɾɟɣɨɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɝ ɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɨɠ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɩ ɛ ɬɭɩɬɮɨɥɣ ɧʀɡ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɛɧɣ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧʀ ɝɛɬɛɦʀɭɠɭɮ Ɉʀɺɥɩɞɩ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɞɩ ɛɪɛɫɛɭɮ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɾɟɣɨɣɰ ɪɩɟɛɭɥʀɝ ɾɟɣɨɩʁ ɛɫɧʀʁ ɭɩɴɩ ɨɠ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɩ Ʌɩɫɟɩɨɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɜɮɦɣ ɮɧɩɝɨɣɧɣ ʀ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɢɧʀɨɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɍɛɥɣɤ ɪɩɫɺɟɩɥ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɩɹ ɫɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨʀɬɭɹ Ʌɩɡɠɨ ɯɠɩɟɛɦ ɮ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺɰ ɪɩɲɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ Ʌɩɫɩɦʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɦɣɳɠ ©ɪɠɫɳɣɧɣ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɫʀɝɨɣɰª

Ⱦɨɦɟɧ ² ɫɩɚɞɤɨɜɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɨʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ Ɇɨɜɨɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ȱɡ ɥɢɫɬɚ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɶɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ Ƚɟɧɪɿɯɚ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɚ ɏȱ ɫɬ

Ʉɨɠɟɧ ɞɟɧɶ ɧɨɜɿ ɧɟɩɪɢɽɦɧɨɫɬɿ ɇɿɯɬɨ ɧɟ ɯɨɱɟ ɩɨɞɭɦɚɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɛɿɞɧɭ Ɏɪɚɧɰɿɸ ɛɭɞɶ ɯɬɨ ɜɜɚɠɚɽ ɳɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɲɭ ɱɟɪɝɭ ɣɨɦɭ ɬɪɟɛɚ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɢɬɢ ɫɜɨʀ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ Ɍɚɤ ɡɧɨɜɭ ɝɪɚɮ Ɋɚɭɥɶ ɜɢɤɪɚɜ ɭ ȼɟɪɞɟɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɽɩɢɫɤɨɩɚ ɤɨɪɿɜ ɿ ɧɟ ɛɚɠɚɽ ʀɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɬɚɬɢ ə ɤɨɪɨɥɶ ɛɭɜ ɡɦɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɬɢ ɩɪɨɯɚɧɧɹ ɽɩɢɫɤɨɩɚ ɿ ɞɨɪɭɱɢɜ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɢ Ɋɚɭɥɸ ɳɨ ɧɟɩɪɢɩɭɫɬɢɦɨ ɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɢ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɢɯ ɩɚɫɬɢɪɿɜ ɧɚɜɿɬɶ ɜɢɦɚɝɚɜ ɳɨɛ ɬɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɭɜ ɯɭɞɨɛɭ Ƚɪɚɮ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɜ ɩɨɫɥɚɧɰɸ ɳɨ ɧɟ ɛɨʀɬɶɫɹ ɧɿ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ ɧɿ ɝɪɨɦɭ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɐɟɣ ɧɚɯɚɛɚ ɡɧɚɽ ɳɨ ɜ ɦɟɧɟ ɧɟ ɜɢɫɬɚɱɢɬɶ ɫɢɥ ɩɿɞɤɨɪɢɬɢ ɜɫɿɯ ɩɨɪɭɲɧɢɤɿɜ Ȼɨɠɢɯ ɿ ɥɸɞɫɶɤɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɿɜ ɚɥɟ ɠ ɜɿɞ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɶɤɟ ɿɦ¶ɹ ɡɚɡɧɚɽ ɩɪɢɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɑɢɦ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɢ ɬɚɤɭ ɡɭɯɜɚɥɭ ɩɨɜɟɞɿɧɤɭ ɝɪɚɮɚ Ɋɚɭɥɹ" əɤɿ ɡɚɫɨɛɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɦɚɜ ɤɨɪɨɥɶ ɧɚ ɫɜɨʀɯ ɩɿɞɞɚɧɢɯ ɡɚ ɱɚɫɿɜ ɪɨɡɞɪɨɛɥɟɧɨɫɬɿ"

ȿɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ

ȿɠɴɩ ʀɨɳɩɹ ɜɮɦɛ ɬɣɭɮɛɱʀɺ ɝ Ɉʀɧɠɱɷɥɩɧɮ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩ ɏɫɛɨɥɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝʀ Ɏ ɱɠɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɝɩɨɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɩɬɺ ɢ ɲɩɭɣɫɷɩɰ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɰ ɞɠɫɱɩɞɬɭɝ ³ ɓɝɛɜʀʁ ȼɛɝɛɫʀʁ ɏɫɛɨɥɩɨʀʁ ɭɛ Ɍɛɥɬɩɨʀʁ ɍɮɭ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɝɣɜɩɫɨɛ ɧɩɨɛɫɰʀɺ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɩɜɣɫɛɝɬɺ ɝɣɴɩɹ ɢɨɛɭɭɹ Ɋɩɫɺɟ ʀɢ ɱɣɧ ɪɠɝɨɮ ɬɣɦɮ ɧɛɦɩ ɭɛɥ ɢɝɛɨɠ ©ɪɫɛɝɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺª Ɉɩɝɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɧɛɝ ɜɮɭɣ ɫɩɟɣɲɠɧ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɞɩ ɰɩɲɛ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨɣ ɱɠɤ ɪɫɣɨɱɣɪ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɪɩɫɮɳɮɝɛɝɬɺ Ɍɭɩɦɣɱʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɩ Ʌɩɫɩɦɷ ɪɫɛɝɣɝ ɟɠɫɡɛ ɝɩɹ ɫɩɢ·ʁɡɟɡɛɹɲɣ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɧɛɾɭɨɩɬɭɺɧɣ Ɉɠ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɩ ɡɩɟɨɣɰ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɨɣɰ ɪɩɟɛɭɥʀɝ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɡɣɝ ɨɛɬɛɧɪɠɫɠɟ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɜɮɭɥɣ ɢʀ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɧɛɾɭɥʀɝ Ȼɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭ ɪɫɣɰɩɟɣɝ ɟɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɭɩɟʀ ɥɩɦɣ ɬɪɫɛɝɛ ɟɩɰɩɟɣɦɛ ɟɩ ɢɛɬɭɩɬɮɝɛɨ ɨɺ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɩʁ ɬɣɦɣ ɛɜɩ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɝɧʀɦʀɤ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɱʀ ɬɩɹɢʀɝ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɧʀɞ ɢɛɬɦɮɡɣɭɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɳɛɨɮ ɞɠɫɱɩɞʀɝ ɑɠ ɝɟɛɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɨɠɲɛɬɭɩ Ɏ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɫɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨɩɬɭʀ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɛ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɝ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ƚɦɛɟɛ ɲʀɭɥɩ ɫɩɢɟʀɦɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɮ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɨɛ ɧɩɨɛɫ ɰɩɧ ʀ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɮ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɨɛ ɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɥɛɧɣ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɤ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɬɩɱʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɞɫɮɪɣ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɲɛɬɭɥɩɝɩ ɟɩɧɩɞɦɣɬɺ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɠɨɨɺ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ X əɤɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ ɮɟɨɞɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɪɨɡɞɪɨɛɥɟɧɨɫɬɿ"

Ɍɭɛɨɩɝɛ ɧɩɨɛɫɰʀɺ ɍɛɥɣɤ ɬɭɛɨ ɫɠɲɠɤ ɨɠ ɧʀɞ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɢɛɝɡ ɟɣ Ɍɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɩ ɬɭɛɜʀɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɛ ɬɭɛɜʀɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɜɛɢɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɣɦɷɨʀɤ ɝɦɛɟʀ Ɏ ɭɣɰ ɮɧɩɝɛɰ ɪʀɟ ɬɣɦɷɨɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɫɩɢɮɧʀ ɦɛɬɺ ɩɟɨɩɩɬʀɜɨɛ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɧɩɨɛɫɰɛ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤ ɬɷɥʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢɛ ɢɧʀɱ ɨɠɨɨɺ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɤ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ Ɉɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɧɛɝ ɨɠ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɞ ɨɛɟ ɮɬʀɧɛ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɯɠɩ ɟɛɦɛɧɣ Ƚʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɨɛ ɝɠɫɳɣɨʀ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɩʁ Ʌɩɫɩɦɷ ɪʀɫɛɧʀɟɣ ʀ ɯɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɝɠɫɰɩɝɨɣɧ ɬɮɟɟɠɹ Ʉɩɞɩ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɢɛ ɟɣɨɛɬɭɣɲɨɣɧ ɪɫɣɨɱɣɪɩɧ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɱɠɫɠɧɩɨʀɾɹ ɥɩɫɩɨɛɱʀʁ ɪɩɧɛɢɛɨɨɺɧ ɨɛ ɱɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɭɛ ɝɫɮɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɣɧɝɩɦʀɝ Ʌɩɫɩɦɷ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɲɠɫɞɩɹ ɪɫɣɬɺɞɛɝɬɺ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɭɣ ɱɠɫɥɝɮ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɧɣɫ ʀ ɬɪɫɛɝɠɟɦɣɝɩ ɲɣɨɣɭɣ ɪɫɛɝɩɬɮɟɟɺ Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɣɧ ɟɦɺ ɥɩ ɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɥɛɨɩɨʀɢɩɝɛɨʀ ɱɠɫɥɝɩɹ ɺɥ ɬɝɺɭʀ Ɏ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɢɛ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɥɩɫɩɦʀ ɢɨɛɤɳɦɣ ɬɩɹɢɨɣɥʀɝ ɑɠ ɜɮɦɣ ɧʀ ɬɭɛ ɢɛɱʀɥɛɝɦɠɨʀ ɝ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɛ ʀ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɟɫʀɜɨʀ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɣ ɴɩ ɬɭɫɛɡɟɛɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɮɭɣɬɥʀɝ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɯɠɩɟɛɦʀɝ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ʀ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ Ɍɪɣɫɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɭɛɥɮ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɹ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɮ ɮ ɐȲȲȲ²ɐȲ9 ɬɭ ɥɩɫɩɦʀ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɢɧʀɱ ɨɣɦɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɱɠ ɝɣɟɨɩ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɥɦɛɟʀ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɟɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɝɣ ɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɟɠɫɡɛɝɨʀ ɢɛɥɩɨɣ ɢɜɣɫɛɭɣ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɣ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɭɣ ɫɠɛɦɷɨɮ ɢɛ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

ɞɛɦɷɨɩɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɮ ɝɣɴɮ ɬɮɟɩɝɮ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɂ·ɺɝɣɝɬɺ ɫɩɢɞɛɦɮɡɠɨɣɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɣɤ ɛɪɛɫɛɭ ɟɩ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɺɥ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɩ ɨɛɜɣɫɛɦɣ ɨɠ ɢɛ ɢɨɛɭɨʀɬɭɹ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɛ ɢɛ ɟʀɦɩɝɣɧɣ ɺɥɩɬɭɺɧɣ

Ɍɝ ɀɭɠɦɷɜɠɫɭ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ Ʌɠɨɭɬɷɥɣɤ

Ȼɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɛɫɦɛɧɠɨɭ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ

Ɇɨɜɨɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ɏɪɨɧɿɤɚ« ɩɪɨ ɤɨɲɦɚɪ Ƚɟɧɪɿɯɚ ȱ Ⱥɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɋɩɟɪɲɭ ɜɿɧ ɩɨɛɚɱɢɜ ɧɚɬɨɜɩ ɨɡɛɪɨɽɧɢɯ ɫɟɥɹɧ ɳɨ ɨɬɨɱɢɥɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɥɨɠɟ ȼɨɧɢ ɫɤɪɟɝɨɬɚɥɢ ɡɭɛɚɦɢ ɿ ɩɨɝɪɨɠɭɸɱɢ ɤɨɪɨɥɸ ɜɢɤɪɢɤɭɜɚɥɢ ɫɜɨʀ ɫɤɚɪɝɢ ɉɨɬɿɦ ɛɚɝɚɬɨ ɪɢɰɚɪɿɜ ɭ ɥɚɬɚɯ ɿ ɲɨɥɨɦɚɯ ɨɡɛɪɨɽɧɢɯ ɫɩɢɫɚɦɢ ɞɪɨɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɿ ɫɬɪɿɥɚɦɢ ɩɨɝɪɨɠɭɜɚɥɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɛɢɬɢ ȱ ɧɚɨɫɬɚɧɨɤ ɧɚɬɨɜɩ ɚɪɯɿɽɩɢɫɤɨɩɿɜ ɽɩɢɫɤɨɩɿɜ ɚɛɚɬɿɜ ɞɟɤɚɧɿɜ ɿ ɩɪɿɨɪɿɜ ɨɛɫɬɭɩɢɥɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɥɨɠɟ ɩɿɞɧɹɜɲɢ ɧɚ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɫɜɨʀ ɩɨɫɨɯɢ əɤɿ ɤɨɲɦɚɪɢ ɜɜɢɠɚɥɢɫɹ ɤɨɪɨɥɸ" ɉɪɨ ɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɫɜɿɞɱɢɥɢ" ɏɬɨ ɡɚɡɿɯɚɜ ɧɚ ɜɥɚɞɭ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜ" Ȼɦɠ ɟɦɺ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɝɨɩɭɣ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɧɩɨɛɫɰɣ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɫɠɬɮɫɬʀɝ ɍɛɧ ɟɠ ɧɩɨɛɫ ɰɛɧ ɝɟɛɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɩɪɛɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɝɬɹ ɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɨɠ ɟɛɝɳɣ ɥɩɨɬɩɦʀɟɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɬɮɪɠɫɨɣɥɛɧ Ƚʀ ɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ Ɍɣɱɣɦʀɤɬɷɥɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɭɩɴɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɨɠ ɢɝɛɡɛɭɣ ɨɛ ʀɨɭɠɫɠɬɣ ʀɨ ɳɣɰ ɚɥ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɩ ɧɩɨɛɫɰɛɧ ɟɩɝɩɟɣɦɩɬɺ ɝɬɭɮ ɪɛɭɣ ɝ ɟʀɛɦɩɞ ɢ ɧʀɬɭɛɧɣ ɪɫɩɝʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɬɩɱʀɛɦɷ ɨɣɧɣ ɬɭɛɨɛɧɣ ɑɠ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɣɦɩ ɪɩɺɝɮ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɝ ɝɦɛɟɣ ³ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɩ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɱɷɥɣɰ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɝ ɮ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ ɝɩɨɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɨɛ ɢɝɣ ³ ɪɛɫɦɛɧɠɨɭʀɝ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɝ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩɞɩ ɬɛɧɩɝɫɺɟɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ƚ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ ɱʀ ɩɫɞɛɨɣ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɝɣɫʀɳɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɛɡɦɣɝʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨʀ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɛɦɠ ɟɛɦɠɥɩ ɨɠ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɟʀɺɦɣ ɨɛ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɷ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ɉɛɤɲɛɬɭʀɳɠ ɱʀ ɩɫɞɛɨɣ ɬɭɛɝɛɦɣ ɬɦɮɰɨɺɨɣɧ ɢɨɛ ɫɺɟɟɺɧ ɮ ɫɮɥɛɰ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɍɛɥ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɛ ɧɩ ɨɛɫɰʀɺ

ȿɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ

Ɍɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɛ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɩ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɱɷɥɣɰ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɝ ɮ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ǯțȑșȳȭ

ȂȞȎțȤȳȭ

ǻȳȚȓȥȥȖțȎ

ǽȎȞșȎȚȓțȠ ǽȎșȎȠȎ șȜȞȒȳȐ

DZȓțȓȞȎșȪțȳ ȦȠȎȠȖ DzȡȣȜȐȓțȟȠȐȜ ȚȳȧȎțȖ ȒȐȜȞȭțȟȠȐȜ

ǾȓȗȣȟȠȎȑ ǸȜșȓȑȳȭ ȘȡȞȢȬȞȟȠȳȐ

ǽȎșȎȠȎ ȜȏȧȖț ǾȖȤȎȞȳ ȠȎ ȚȳȧȎțȖ

ǸȜșȓȑȳȭ ȘțȭȕȳȐ ȑȞȎȢȳȐ ȐȳșȪțȖȣ ȝȎțȳȐ ǸȜșȓȑȳȭ ȳȚȝȓȞȟȪȘȖȣ ȚȳȟȠ

ɋɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɦɨɧɚɪɯɿɹ ² ɮɨɪɦɚ ɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɹɤɨʀ ɤɨɪɨɥɶ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɜɥɚɞɭ ɜ ɩɨɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɿ ɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦɢ ɫɬɚɧɚɦɢ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɶɤɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ X əɤɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɨɡɧɚɤɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɨʀ ɦɨɧɚɪɯɿʀ"

Ɋɫɛɝɩ ʀ ɬɮɟ Ɏ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥʀ ɲɛɬɣ ɧʀɡ ɦɹɟɷɧɣ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɝɣɨɣɥɛɹɭɷ ɬɮɪɠɫɠɲɥɣ ɺɥʀ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɮɹɭɷ ɫɩɢɝ·ɺɢɛɨɨɺ ɂɛ ɟɩɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɣɰ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɱɣɧ ɪɠ ɫɠɤɧɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɦɠɧʀɨɨɛ ɢɨɛɭɷ ɛɜɩ ɝɩɡɟɷ ɺɥʀ ɝɣɨɩɬɣɦɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɫʀɳɠɨɨɺ ɟɩɭɫɣɧɮɹɲɣɬɷ ɢɝɣ ɲɛɾɝɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɛ ³ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɨɠɪɣɬɛɨɣɰ ɢɛɥɩɨʀɝ Ȳɢ ɝɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺɧ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɬɮɟɟɺ ɬɭɛɾ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɩɹ ɯɮɨɥɱʀɾɹ ʁʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɛɧɣ ɂɛɰʀɟ ɨɩʁ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɢɨɛɭɷ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɝɛɦɛ ɟɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɢɝɣɲɛɾɝɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɛ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɠ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ³ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɛɥɩɨʀɝ ɍɛɥɣɤ ɬɭɛɨ ɫɠɲɠɤ ɨɠ ɬɪɫɣɺɝ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɹ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ Ɏɡɠ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɹɭɷ ɬɺ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɪɣɬɛɨʀ ɢɛɥɩɨɣ ɺɥʀ ɜ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɦɣ ɨɩɫɧɣ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɝɠɫɬɭɝ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɮɬɮɨɮɭɣ ɭʀ ɢɝɣɲɛʁ ɺɥʀ ɾ ɫɮɤɨʀɝɨɣɧɣ ɟɦɺ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɥɫɩɝɨɛ ɪɩɧɬɭɛ ʀ ɢɧʀɱ ɨɣɭɣ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦʀɝ Ɉɛɤɝʀɟɩɧʀɳɣɧ ɭɛɥɣɧ ɟɩɥɮɧɠɨɭɩɧ ɾ ©Ɍɛɦʀɲɨɛ ɪɫɛɝɟɛª Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɹɫɣɬɭɣ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɨɛ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɨɠ ɢɮɪɣɨɣɦɣɬɺ Ɉɣɧɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɜɠɢɦʀɲ ɢɛɥɩɨʀɝ Ɏ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀ ɝɟɫɮɞɠ ɟɦɺ ɬɠɜɠ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɦɣ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɠ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɺɥɠ ɬɭɝɠɫ ɟɡɮɝɛɦɩ ©Ɋɫɛɝɩɬɮɟɟɺ ³ ɱɠ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɠ ʀ ɨɠɩɬɦɛɜɨɠ ɜɛɡɛɨɨɺ ɨɛɟʀɦɣɭɣ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ

Ɍɭɩɫʀɨɥɛ ɢ ©Ɍɛɦʀɲɨɩʁ ɪɫɛɝɟɣª

Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɬɮɟ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɪɫɛɝɛɧɣª ɉɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɭɛɨɣ ɭɩ ʀ ɪɫɛ ɝɩɬɮɟɟɺ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɧ ɑɠɫɥɝɛ ɧɛɦɛ ɬɝʀɤ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɤ ɬɮɟ ʀ ɪɫɛɞ ɨɮɦɛ ɥɩɨɭɫɩɦɹɝɛɭɣ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ ɴɩɟɩ ɳɦɹɜɮ ʀ ɬʀɧ·ʁ Ɋɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɝɠɫɰɩɝɨɛ ɬɮɟɩɝɛ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɢɛ ɥɫʀɪɣɦɛɬɺ ɢɛ ɥɩɫɩɦɺɧɣ ɜɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɛ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɛɬɺ ɾɟɣɨɩɹ ɬɪɫɛɝɠɟɦɣɝɩɹ ɛ ɬɮɟɣɭɣ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɲɠɬɨɩ ʀ ɨɠɮɪɠɫɠ ©ȼɩɡɣɤ ɬɮɟª ɞɫɛɝɹɫɛ

ɟɡɠɨɩ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɝ ɫɠɛɦɷɨɩɧɮ ɡɣɭɭʀ ɝɬɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɨʀɳɠ Ʌɩɫɩɦɷ ɨɠ ɧʀɞ ɫɩɢɞɦɺ ɨɮɭɣ ɝɬʀ ɬɮɟɩɝʀ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ ȿɦɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɛɦɣɬɺ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɬɮɟɟʀ Ȼɦɠ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɧʀɞ ɝɣɨɠɬɭɣ ɫʀɳɠɨɨɺ ɢ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɩʁ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ ɧʀɞ ɪɩɧɣɦɮɝɛɭɣ ɺɥɴɩ ɢɛɬɮɟɡɠɨɣɤ ɝɣɢɨɛ ɝɛɝ ɬɝɩɹ ɪɫɩɝɣɨɮ ɚɥɴɩ ɬɪɫɛɝɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɢɛɨɛɟɭɩ ɢɛɪɦɮɭɛɨɩɹ ɛ ʁʁ ɮɲɛɬɨɣɥɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɛɫɣɬɭɩɥɫɛɭɣɲɨɠ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɭɩ ɬɪɫɛɝɠɟɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɛɦɛɬɺ ©ȼɩɡɣɧ ɬɮɟɩɧª ɥɩɦɣ ɩɜɣɟɝʀ ɬɭɩ ɫɩɨɣ ɬɰɩɟɣɦɣɬɺ ɮ ɟɝɩɜɩʁ Ƚɝɛɡɛɦɩɬɺ ɴɩ ɝ ɪɩɾɟɣɨɥɮ ȼɩɞ ɨɠ ɟɩɪɮɬɭɣɭɷ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ɨɠɝɣɨɨɩɞɩ Ɉɛ ɟɝɩɜʀɤ ɢɛɧʀɬɭɷ ɬɠɜɠ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɬɭɛɝɣɭɣ ɝɪɫɛɝɨɩɞɩ ɝɩʁɨɛ

©Ȼɨɠɢɣ ɫɭɞª ² ɧɢɡɤɚ ɜɢɩɪɨɛɭɜɚɧɶ ɜɨɝɧɟɦ ɜɨɞɨɸ ɡɚɥɿɡɨɦ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɢɧɨɫɢɜɫɹ ɜɢɪɨɤ ɍɛɥɣɧ ɲɣɨɩɧ ɬɮɟɩɝɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɠɟɩɬɥɩɨɛɦɩɹ ʀ ɢɛɪɦɮɭɛɨɩɹ ɧɛɦɛ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɤ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ ɛɦɠ ɨɠɢɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɱɠ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɮɝɛɦɛ ɬɭɛɜʀɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɮ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝʀ

Ɂɚɤɪɿɩɢɦɨ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ 1. ɏɬɨ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɤɨɪɨɥɶ" ɑɨɦɭ ɜɢɧɢɤɚɽ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɶɤɚ ɜɥɚɞɚ" 2. əɤ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɿʀ ɩɥɟɦɿɧɧɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɡɧɚɣɲɥɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɜɥɚɞɿ ɜɚɪɜɚɪɫɶɤɢɯ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɬɜ" 3. ɑɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɿɪɧɨɸ ɽ ɮɟɨɞɚɥɶɧɚ ɪɨɡɞɪɨɛɥɟɧɿɫɬɶ" 4. ɑɨɦɭ ɜɢɧɢɤɥɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɶɤɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ" əɤɭ ɪɨɥɶ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɥɢ" Ⱦɟ ɭ ȯɜɪɨɩɿ ɜɩɟɪɲɟ ɜɢɧɢɤ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɶɤɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ" 5. ɑɢ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɭɞɞɹ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɿɯ" ɏɬɨ ɱɢɧɢɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɭɞɞɹ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ" 6. ɓɨ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɡ¶ɹɜɢɥɨɫɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɮɟɨɞɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɪɨɡɞɪɨɛ ɥɟɧɨɫɬɿ" 7. əɤɿ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɝɢ ɦɚɜ ɤɨɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɞ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɮɟɨɞɚɥɚɦɢ" ɑɨɦɭ ɜ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɮɟɨɞɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɪɨɡɞɪɨɛɥɟɧɨɫɬɿ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɥɢ ©ɩɟɪɲɢɦɢ ɫɟɪɟɞ ɪɿɜɧɢɯª" 8. ɉɿɞɝɨɬɭɣɬɟ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɡɚ ɬɟɦɨɸ ©ɉɪɚɜɨɫɭɞɞɹ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢª 9. əɤ ɭ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɯ ɤɪɚʀɧɚɯ ɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɡɧɚɣɲɨɜ ɜɿɞɛɢɬɨɤ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ©ɓɨ ɫɬɨɫɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɫɿɯ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɨ ɛɭɬɢ ɫɯɜɚɥɟɧɨ ɜɫɿɦɚª"

§ 13. Ôðàíö³ÿ Ɋɫɣɲɣɨɣ ʀ ɪɠɫɠɟɮɧɩɝɣ ɪɩɬɣɦɠɨɨɺ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ʀ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɐ ɬɭ ɮ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɛɬɺ ɢɧʀɨɛ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ɉɬɭɛɨɨʀɰ Ʌɛɫɩɦʀɨɞʀɝ ɬɪʀɭɥɛɦɛ ɭɛɥɛ ɬɛɧɛ ɟɩɦɺ ɺɥ ʀ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨɣɥʀɝ ɇɠɫɩɝʀɨɞʀɝ ɂɛɬɨɩɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɨɩɝɩʁ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ɬɭɛɝ ɩɟɣɨ ʀɢ ɨɛɴɛɟɥʀɝ ɞɫɛɯɛ ɪɛɫɣɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɀɟɛ ɴɩ ɮɬɦɛ ɝɣɝ ɬɝɩɾ ʀɧ·ɺ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɢɛɰɣɬɭɮ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɝʀɟ ɨɩɫɧɛɨʀɝ ³ Ⱦɮɞɩ Ʌɛɪɠɭ ɍɛɥ ɮ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɨɩɝɩʁ ɟɣ ɨɛɬɭʀʁ Ʌɛɪɠɭɣɨɞʀɝ ²

Ɏ ɱʀ ɲɛɬɣ ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ ɪɠɫɠɡɣɝɛɦɛ ɲɛɬɣ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɫɩɢ ɟɫɩɜɦɠɨɩɬɭʀ Ɋɠɫɳʀ Ʌɛɪɠɭɣɨɞɣ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɣ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨʀɺɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ʀ ɝɣɢɨɛɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ©ɪɠɫɳɣɧɣ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɫʀɝɨɣɰª Ʌɩɫɩɦɷ ɨɠ ɜɮɝ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɨɛɤɬɣɦɷɨʀɳɣɧ ɬɠɫɠɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɯɠɩɟɛ ɦʀɝ Ⱦɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɠɧ ɝʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɦɣɳɠ ɮ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺɰ ³ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɟɩɧɠɨʀ ³ Ȳɦɷ ɟɠ ɏɫɛɨɬ ɑɠ ɜɮɦɛ ɝɮ ɢɷɥɛ ɬɧɮɡɥɛ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɺɥʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɺɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɢɟɩɝɡ ɫʀɲɩɥ Ɍɠɨɣ ʀ Ɇɮɛɫɣ ɝʀɟ Ɋɛɫɣɡɛ ɟɩ ɉɫɦɠɛɨɛ ɢ ɮɬʀɰ ɜɩɥʀɝ ɩɭɩɲɠɨɛ ɝɩɦɩ ɟʀɨɨɺɧɣ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɯɠɩɟɛɦʀɝ ɒɛɬɭɩ ɞɠɫɱɩ ɞɣ ɭɛ ɞɫɛɯɣ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɦɣ ɜʀɦɷɳɣɧɣ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɧɣ ɨʀɡ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ʀ ɨɠ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɛɦɣɬɺ ɤɩɧɮ ɬɣɦɩɹ ɍɛ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɮ ɝɦɛɬɨɩɧɮ ɟɩɧɠɨʀ ɥɩɫɩɦɹ ɟɩɝɩɟɣɦɩɬɺ ɝɠɬɭɣ ɨɛɪɩɦɠɞɦɣɝɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɬɝɛɝʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɜɛɫɩɨʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɬʀɦɣ ɝ ɢɛɧɥɛɰ ʀ ɨɠ ɟɮɡɠ ɜɩɺɦɣɬɺ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛ Ɋɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɣ ɨɩɝɩʁ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ɨɠ ɜɛ ɡɛɦɣ ɝɣɢɨɛɝɛɭɣ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɬɭɛɨ ɫɠɲɠɤ ʀ ɝ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ;,, ɬɭ ɥɩɫɩɦʀ ɪɩɲɛ ɦɣ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɪɩɬɣɦɹɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɝɦɛ ɟɮ ɬɪɣɫɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɮ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɝɠɫɬɭɝ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ Ɋɠɫʀɩɟ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ Ʌɛɪɠɭɣɨɞʀɝ ɪɫɣ ɪɛɝ ɨɛ ɲɛɬɣ ɥɩɦɣ ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ ɺɥ ʀ ɝɬɺ Ȱɝɫɩɪɛ ɪɠɫɠɡɣɝɛɦɛ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɷɥɠ ɪʀɟ

Ⱦɮɞɩ Ʌɛɪɠɭ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

ɨɠɬɠɨɨɺ Ɏɬɪʀɳɨɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɠ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɛ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɦɣ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɬɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɧʀɡɮɬɩɜɨʀ ɝʀɤɨɣ ʀ ɬɝɛɝʀɦɦɺ ɯɠɩɟɛɦʀɝ ɍɩɧɮ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥɣ ɤ ɥɮɪɱʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɛɱʀɥɛɝɦɠɨʀ ɝ ɬɣɦɷɨʀɤ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥʀɤ ɝɦɛɟʀ ɺɥɛ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛ ɦɛ ɥɫɛʁɨɮ Ʌɩɫɩɦʀ ɝɧʀɦɩ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛ ɦɣ ɭɛɥʀ ɬɣɭɮɛɱʀʁ ɭɛ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɦɣ ʁɰ ɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɯɠɩɟɛɦʀɝ ɇʀɬɭɛ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɲɠɫɞɩɹ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɦɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɹ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ Ɋɛɫɣɡ ɧɛɥɠɭ

ɪɫɣɜɩɫɥɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɠɪɩɥʀɫɨɣɰ ɝɛɬɛɦʀɝ Ȳɢ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɩɧ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ ɝɢɛɾɧɣɨɣ ɧʀɡ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɛɧɣ ʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɛɧɣ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɢɧʀɨɹ ɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɉɟɨʀ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɣ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɣɧɮ ɬɣɭɣ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɪɦɛɭɣɭɣ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ʀ ɨɠɝɟɩɝɩɦɠɨʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɝɭʀɥɛɦɣ ɟɩ ɧʀɬɭ ʀɨɳʀ ³ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɺɦɣ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɝʀɟ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɩɬɭʀ ɤ ɝɣɧɛɞɛɦɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɫɠɞɮɦɺɫɨɩʁ ɬɪɦɛɭɣ ɞɫɩɳɠɤ ȿɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩɜ ɮɭɫɣɧɛɭɣ ɝ ɪɩɥɩɫʀ ɝʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɬɠɦɺɨ ʀ ɝʀɟ ɏɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɳɮɥɛɭɣ ɝɭʀɥɛɲʀɝ ɟɫʀɜɨɣɧ ʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɧ ɯɠ ɩɟɛɦɛɧ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɛ ɬɣɦɷɨɛ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɛ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ȿɠɰɭɩ ɢ ɟɫʀɜɨɣɰ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ ɨɠɝɟɩ ɝɩɦɠɨɣɰ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛɧɣ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɳɮɥɛɝ ɬɪɫɛɝɠɟɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɝ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɑɠɫɥɝɛ ɺɥɛ ɢɛɬɮɟɡɮɝɛɦɛ ɜɠɢɞɦɮɢɟʀ ɧʀɡɮɬɩɜɨʀ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɝ ɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɺɥɣɰ ɞɣɨɮɦɣ ɭɣɬɺɲʀ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɭɛɥ ɬɛɧɩ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɨɛ ɜʀɥ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ɍɪɣɫɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɮ ɧʀɴɛɨ ɟɫʀɜɨɣɰ ʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɯɠɩɟɛɦʀɝ ɭɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɜɩ ɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢɛ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ X əɤɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɹ ɛɭɥɚ ɞɨɦɟɧɨɦ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɶɤɢɯ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜ" X Ʉɨɥɢ ɭ Ɏɪɚɧɰɿʀ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɢ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɿɹ Ʉɚɩɟɬɢɧɝɿɜ"

Ɋɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɢɛ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ Ɋɩɲɛɭɩɥ ;,, ɬɭ ɬɭɛɝ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɺ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ Ʌɩɫɩɦɷ Ɇɹɟɩ ɝʀɥ 9, ɍɩɝɬɭɣɤ ² ɫɛɢɩɧ ɢʀ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɪɩɧʀɲɨɣɥɩɧ ɛɜɛɭɩɧ Ɍɮɞɠɫʀɾɧ ɨɛɝʀɝ ɦɛɟ ɮ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɟɩɧɠɨʀ ɂɛɧɥɣ ɜɮɨɭʀɝɨɣɰ ɜɛɫɩɨʀɝ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɫɮɤɨɩɝɛɨʀ ɛɜɩ ɝ ɨɣɰ ɫɩɢɧʀɬɭɣɦɣɬɺ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥʀ ɞɛɫɨʀɢɩɨɣ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ 9, ɍɩɝɬɭɣɤ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɝɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨɣɥʀɝ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɹ ɨɛɪɩɦɠɞ ɦɣɝʀɬɭɹ ɭɛ ɠɨɠɫɞʀɤɨʀɬɭɹ Ƚʀɨ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝ ɬɪɫɛɝɡɨɹ ɝʀɤɨɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɧɠɳɥɛɨɱʀɝ ©ɩɬɣ ɨɣɰ ɞɨʀɢɟ ɴɩ ɪɩɡɣɫɛɦɣ ɥɫɛʁɨɮ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɫɩɢɜɩɾɧª ɺɥ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɥɣ ɜɛɫɩɨʀɝ ȿɝɛɟɱɺɭɷ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɢɨɛɟɩɜɣɦɩɬɺ ɥɩɫɩɦɹ ɴɩɜ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɭɣ ʁɰ

ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ

ȼɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥɛ 9, ɢɛ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɪɩ ɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɪɫɣɨɩɬɣɭɣ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɣ Ɍɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨʀ ɪɩɟʀʁ Ɏ ɫ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ Ȼɨɞ ɦʀʁ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ Ȳ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɣɧ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɩɧ Ⱦɠɨ ɫʀɰɩɧ 9 ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɝʀɤɨɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ Ȼɦɠ ɨɠɢɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨʀ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɟɝɩɰ ɧɩɞɮɭ ɨʀɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ ɢɟɩɜɮɦɛ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɮ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɝɛɬɛɦɛɧ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɺɥʀ ɮɪɠɫɳɠ ɢɛ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɹ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɦɣ ɬɣɦɣ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɡɣɭɭɺ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ 9, ɢɮɧʀɝ ɟɩɬɺɞɭɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɺ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɩɟɫɮ ɡɣɝɳɣ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɬɣɨɛ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥɛ 9,, ² ɢ ɀɦɠɩɨɩɫɩɹ Ȼɥɝʀɭɛɨɬɷɥɩɹ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɜɛɭɷ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ 9, ɍɩɝɬɭɣɤ ɥɛ ɀɦɠɩɨɩɫɛ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɾɟɣɨɩɹ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɾɧɨɣɱɠɹ Ȼɥɝʀ ɭɛɨʀʁ ³ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɩɞɩ ɞɠɫɱɩɞɬɭɝɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɉɟɨɛɥ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ 9,, ɧɛɝ ɨɠɩɜɠɫɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɫɩɢɦɮɲɣɭɣɬɺ ɢ ɀɦɠɩɨɩɫɩɹ ʀ ɝɩɨɛ ɝɣɤɳɦɛ ɢɛɧʀɡ ɢɛ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰɛ ȲȲ Ɋɦɛɨɭɛ ɞɠɨɠɭɛ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɝɳɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɾɧɨʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɟɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɩɦɩ ɟʀɨɷ Ɏ ɫ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ ȲȲ ɬɭɛɝ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɍɛɥɣɧ ɲɣ ɨɩɧ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɲɨɣɧ ɬɮɪɠɫɨɣɥɩɧ ɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ Ʌɛɪɠɭɣɨɞʀɝ ɢɛ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥʀ Ɋɦɛɨɭɛʊɠɨɠɭɣ Ɉɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɮ ;,, ɬɭ ɪʀɟ ʁɰɨɷɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɛ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨɛ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ Ƚɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ Ɋɦɛɨɭɛʊɠɨɠɭʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɝɝɛ ɡɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɛɬɛɦɛɧɣ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɮ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɫɛɢʀɝ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ 9,, ɪɠɫɠɝɣɴɮɝɛɦɣ ɟɩɧɠɨ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɷɩɞɩ ɏɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɧ ɥɩɫɩ ɦɺɧ ɟɩɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɭɣ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɮ ʀ ɝɣɬɨɛɡɦɣɝɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ Ɋɦɛɨɭɛʊɠɨɠɭʀɝ ɢɛ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɂɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɮɬɪʀɰʀɝ ɮ ɱʀɤ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɟɩɬɺɞ ɬɣɨ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀ ɥɛ 9,, ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɏʀɦʀɪɪ ȲȲ Ȼɝɞɮɬɭ ² Ƚʀɨ ɧɛ ɹɲɣ ɭɛɥʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɮ ɺɥ ɠɨɠɫɞʀɤɨʀɬɭɷ ɩɜɠɫɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɝʀɫɩɦɩɧɨʀɬɭɷ ɢɧʀɞ ɟɩɬɺɞɭɣ ɜɦɣɬɥɮɲɣɰ ɮɬɪʀɰʀɝ ɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɪɫɩɭɣ Ɋɦɛɨɭɛʊɠɨɠɭʀɝ ɏʀɦʀɪɪ ȲȲ ɢɝɣɨɮɝɛɲɮɝɛɝ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰɛ ȲȲ ɝ ɪɩɫɮɳɠɨɨʀ ɝɛɬɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɢɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɷ ɛɟɡɠ Ɋɦɛɨɭɛʊɠɨɠɭɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɛɬɛɦɛɧɣ ʀ ɝɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɝ ɝɛɬɛɦɷɨɮ ɪɫɣɬɺɞɮ ɝʀɟ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɣɨʀɝ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɹɲɣ ɏʀɦʀɪɪ ,, Ȼɝɞɮɬɭ ʁɰɨɹ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɜɛɭɷɥɛ ȼɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɪɫɩɭɣ Ɋɦɛɨɭɛʊɠɨɠɭʀɝ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɣɦɛɬɺ ɪɩɝɨɩɹ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɩɹ ɏʀɦʀɪɪɛ ȲȲ Ɏɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ² ɫɫ ɝʀɨ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ Ɋɦɛɨ ɭɛʊɠɨɠɭʀɝ Ƚɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɛ ɜɣɭɝɛ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɛɬɺ ɪɫɣ ȼɮɝʀɨɠ ɫ Ƚʀɟɭɛɥ ɭɠɫɣɭɩ ɫʀɺ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɟɩɧɠɨɮ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɣɦɛɬɺ ɝ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɫɛɢʀɝ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɬɣɨ ɏʀɦʀɪɪɛ ȲȲ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ 9ȲȲȲ Ɇɠɝ ² ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɝ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɩɞɩ Ɋʀɝɟɨɺ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɤ ɍɮ ɦɮɢɷɥɠ ɞɠɫɱɩɞɬɭɝɩ X Ɂɚ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ ɩɨɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɛɨɪɨɬɶɛɚ ɡɚ ɨɛ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ Ɏɪɚɧɰɿʀ" X əɤɚ ɤɪɚʀɧɚ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɸ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɧɨɸ ɭ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɿ ɨɛ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ Ɏɪɚɧɰɿʀ"

Ɋɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥɛ ,; Ɍɝɺɭɩɞɩ ɂɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɩɨɮɥɛ ɏʀɦʀɪɪɛ ȲȲ ³ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ɇɹ ɟɩɝʀɥɛ ,; Ɍɝɺɭɩɞɩ ² ɫɫ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɝʀɤɨ ɨɠ ɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɛɦɠ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɡɠɨʀ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɝ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨʀ ɟɠɫ ɡɛɝɩɹ ɪɩɬɣɦɠɨɩ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ Ɉɠɢɝɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɟɦɺ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɛ ɟɩɜɫɩ ɭɛ ʀ ɪɩɜɩɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ƚʀɨ ɮɦɛɳɭɩɝɮɝɛɝ ɪɫɣɭɮɦɥɣ ɟɦɺ ɥɛɦʀɥ ɭɛ ɜʀɟɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ Ɏ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪɛɦɛɱʀ ɝ ɥʀɧɨɛɭʀ ɟɦɺ ɭɫɛɪɠɢ ɴɩɟɠɨɨɩ ɨɛɥɫɣɝɛɦɣ ɬɭʀɦ ɟɦɺ ɡɠ ɜɫɛɥʀɝ Ʌɩɫɩɦɷ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɩ ɬɭɠɡɣɝ ɢɛ ɭɣɧ ɴɩɜ ɝɩɨɣ ɩɭ ɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɭɛɥʀ ɬɛɧʀ ɬɭɫɛɝɣ ɺɥ ʀ ɝʀɨ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ ,; ɜɫɛɝ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɮ ɬɷɩɧɩɧɮ ʀ ɝɩɬɷɧɩɧɮ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟɛɰ Ʌɩɦɣ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ ,; Ɍɝɺɭɣɤ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɨɠɝɟɛɦɩɞɩ ɬɷɩɧɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɣɥɮɪɣɦɣ ɢ ɪɩ ɦɩɨɮ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ ,; ɨɠ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɮɝɬɺ ɟɩɟɩɧɮ ɛ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɝɬɺ ɲɠɥɛɭɣ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ɮ Ɋɛɦɠɬɭɣɨʀ ɂɛ ɭɫɣ ɫɩɥɣ ɪɫɩɝɠɟɠɨʀ ɭɛɧ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɢɛɡɣɝ ɬɦɛɝɣ ɬɝɺ ɭɩɞɩ Ƚʀɨ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɝ ɜɩɬɩɨʀɡ ɮ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɧɮ ɩɟɺɢʀ ɪɛɦɩɧɨɣ ɱɭɝɩ ɟɩ Ɉɛɢɛɫɠɭɛ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɝ ɪɫɩɬɭɣɧ ɧɮɦɺɫɩɧ ʀ ɰɩ ɝɛɝ ɢɛɦɣɳɠɨʀ ɨɛɪɫɣɢɝɩɦɺɴɠ ɭɫɮɪɣ ɝɜɣɭɣɰ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ Ɇɣɳɠ ɢɝʀɬɭɥɛ ɪɫɩ ɬɧɠɫɭɷ ɧɛɭɠɫʀ ɢɧɮɬɣɦɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɝɠɫ ɨɮɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɺɥɛ ɳʀɬɭɷ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɛɬɺ ɜɠɢ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ɋɩɝɛɞɛ ɟɩ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥɛ ,; ɜɮɦɛ ɨɛɬɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɴɩ ɨɠ ɧɣɨɮɦɩ ʀ ɟɝɛɟɱɺɭɣ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɺɥ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɦɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɝɺɭɣɧ ɂɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥɛ ,; ɮ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɭɝɩ ɫɠɨɩ ɧɛɦɮ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɮ ɫɛɟɮ ³ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɮ ɫɛɟɮ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɤɜɦɣɡɲɣɰ ɪɫɣɜʀɲɨɣɥʀɝ Ɉɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ ,; ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɟɩɧɠɨɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɠɨɩ ɪɩɾɟɣɨɥɣ ɺɥ ɢɛɬʀɜ ɝɣ ɢ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɩɹ ɫʀɳɠɨɨɺ ɬɮɟɩɝɣɰ ɬɮɪɠɫɠɲɩɥ ɚɥɴɩ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɨɠ ɪɩɞɩɟɡɮ ɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɢ ɫʀɳɠɨɨɺɧ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɛɜɩ ɧʀɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɮɟɮ ɝɩɨɛ ɧɩɞɦɛ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɮɟɮ ³ Ɋɛɫɣɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɛɫɦɛɧɠɨɭɮ ɬɮɟɩɝɣɰ ɬɪɫɛɝ Ƚʀɨ ɬɭɛɝ ɝɣɴɣɧ ɬɮɟɩɧ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ Ɉɛɤɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳʀ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ ɪʀɟɪɛɦ ɥɛɫɜɮɝɛɨ ɨɺ ɯɛɦɷɳɣɝɣɰ ɞɫɩɳɠɤ ɝɣɥɫɛɟɠɨɨɺ ɡʀɨɩɥ ɭɛ ʀɨ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɟɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɣɨɺɭɥɩɝɩ ɝ ɥɩ ɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɬɮɟʀ ȿɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɭɣɬɺ ɤ ɭʀ ɰɭɩ ɡɣɝ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɨɠ ɪɫɣɾɟ ɨɛɨɣɰ ɟɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɟɩɧɠɨɮ

ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ

Ɉɛɝɠɟɠɨɨɹ ɦɛɟɮ ɝ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ ɤ ɢɧɠɨɳɠɨ ɨɹ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɝʀɤɨ ɧʀɡ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɛɧɣ ɬɪɫɣ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ ,; ɬɭɛɝ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ ɺɦɣ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɛ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥɛ ,; ɝɠɬɭɣ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɥɩɦɣ ɤɩɧɮ ɝɣɪɩɝɨɣɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɩɧɠɨɮ ʀ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɫɩ ɥʀɝ Ɋɩ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɠɨɨʀ ɪɩɝɨɩɦʀɭɭɺ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɥɛɢɛɝ ɬɠɜɠ ɞʀɟɨɣɧ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɛ © ɟɨʀɝ ɥɩɫɩɦɺª ɺɥɠ ɟʀɺɦɩ ɨɛ ɝɛɲɠɧ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɟʀɟɛ ɏʀɦʀɪ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɝɬɷɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɂɛ ɱɣɧ ɪɫɛ ɪɛ ȲȲ Ɏ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɥɩɦɣ ɬɣɦɛ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛ ɝɣɦɩɧ ɧʀɡ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɳɠɨɨɺɧ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɭɛ ʁʁ ɪɩ ɝɛɦɛ ɝɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɮ ɬɪɫɛɝɛɰ ɲɛɭɥɩɧ ɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɹɝɛɝɬɺ ɬɭɫɩɥ ɮ ɟɨʀɝ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ ,; ɟɣɝɮɝɛɝ ɮɬʀɰ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɬɦɛɜɳɛ ɬɭɩɫɩɨɛ ɧɩɞɦɛ ɪɫɣɰɣɦɷɨʀɬɭɹ ɟɩ ɢɛɥɩɨɮ Ʌɩɦɣ ɢɝɠɫɨɮɭɣɬɺ ɝ ɪɩɳɮɥɛɰ ɬɪɫɛɝɠɟɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɟɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɛɝɨʀɤ ɝɩɫɩɞ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɪɩɬɝɛɫɣɝɬɺ ɢʀ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɜɛɫɩɨɛɧɣ ɭɩ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ ,; ɢɛɪɩɲɛɭɥɮɝɛɝ ɮ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɩɜɣɟɝʀ ɬɭɩɫɩɨɣ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɦɣ ɢɝɠɫɨɮ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɾɟɣɨɩʁ ɞɫɩɳɩɝɩʁ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ Ʌɩ ɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥɛ ,; ɴɩɜ ɝʀɨ ɫɩɦɷ ɨɠ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɣɝ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛɧ ɥɛɫɜɮɝɛɭɣ ɢ·ɺɬɮɝɛɝ ɰɭɩ ɧɛɾ ɫɛɱʀɹ ɇɩɡɦɣɝɩ ɝɦɛɬɨʀ ɧɩɨɠɭɣ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɥɛɫɜɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɧɩɨɠɭ ɜɛɫɩɨɣ ɪɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɫɩɢɫɛɰɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɭɩɟʀ ɧɛɦɣ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫʀɝ ɛɦɠ ɪɫɣɧɮɬɣɝ ʁɰ ɨɛ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɺɥ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɛɬɛɦʀɝ ɟɩɪɮɬɥɛɭɣ ɮ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɩɦɩ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɛɾ ʁɰ ɛɦɠ ɟɛɫɧɛ Ɇɹɟɩ ɝʀɥ ,; ɝɣɞɩɦɩɬɣɝ ɝɣɫɩɥ ɨɛ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɷ ɟʀɨɨɺ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɮ ɧɩɨɠɭɮ ɨɛɫʀɝɨʀ ɢʀ ɬɝɩ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɾɹ Ɋɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɛ ɧɩɨɠɭɛ ɺɥɛ ɝɣɫʀɢɨɺɦɛɬɺ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɹ ɺɥʀɬɭɹ ɝɣɭʀɬɨɣɦɛ ɢ ɩɜʀɞɮ ɧʀɬɱɠɝʀ ɞɫɩɳʀ ɂɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɾɟɣ ɨɩʁ ɞɫɩɳɩɝɩʁ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɩ ɪɩɬɣɦɠɨɨɹ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩʁ ɾɟɨɩɬɭʀ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɨɛɟɜɛɨɷ ɢɛ ɫɩɥɣ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥɛ ,; ɢɟʀɤɬɨɠɨɩ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɰɩɲɛ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɣɦɣɬɺ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ ,; ɪʀɟɪɣɬɛɝ ɥɩɫɣɬɨɮ ɟɦɺ ɬɠɜɠ ɮɞɩɟɮ ɢ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ ɢɛ ɺɥɩɹ ɭɩɤ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɦɺɝɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɢʀɤ ɨɛ ɝɭɫɛɲɠɨʀ ɫɛɨʀɳɠ ɪɫɩɝʀɨɱʀʁ Ʌɩɫɩɦɷ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɝ ɢɛ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɭʀɦɷ ɥɣ Ȼɥɝʀɭɛɨʀɹ ɢɛɫɛɟɣ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɤɩɧɮ ɟɩɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɝɣɢɨɛɭɣ ɬɠɜɠ ɝɛɬɛɦɩɧ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ ,; ɨɠɩɟɨɩɫɛɢɩɝɩ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɝ ɴɩ ɧɠɭɩɹ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɾ ɧɣɫ ʀ ɬɪɫɛɝɠɟ ɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɮ ɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɭɛ ɢɛ ʁʁ ɧɠɡɛɧɣ ȿʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɬɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɞ ɨɠɨɨɺ ɫɠɛɦʀɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɱʀ ɢɛɟɮɧɣ ɢɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥɛ ,; ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ ɢɧʀɱɨʀɦɛ ɺɥ ɾɟɣɨɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ʀ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɛ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭɮ Ɉɠɟɛɫɧɛ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɥɣ ɨɛ ɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɟɩɜɮ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥɛ ,; ©ɢɩɦɩɭɣɧ ɝʀɥɩɧª ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ X əɤɿ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɿ ɡɞɨɛɭɬɤɢ ɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ Ʌɸɞɨɜɿɤɚ ,; ɋɜɹɬɨɝɨ"

Ɋɠɫɠɧɩɞɣ ʀ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ɏʀɦʀɪɪɛ ,9 Ʌɫɛɬɣɝɩɞɩ ɏʀɦʀɪɪ ,9 Ʌɫɛɬɣɝɣɤ ² ɫɫ ɩɨɮɥ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥɛ ,; ɬɭɛɝ ɲɠɭɝɠɫɭɣɧ ɝɣɟɛɭɨɣɧ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ Ʌɛɪɠɭɣɨɞʀɝ ɢɛ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɣɦɩɬɺ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɏʀɦʀɪɪ ,9 ɜɮɝ ɠɨɠɫɞʀɤɨɩɹ ɫʀɳɮɲɩɹ ɦɹɟɣɨɩɹ ɩɟɨɛɥ ɨɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɮ ɝʀɟ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɟʀɟɛ ɨɠ ɟɮɡɠ ɪɠɫɠɤɧɛɝɬɺ ɭɛɥɣɧɣ ɫɠɲɛɧɣ ɺɥ ɢɛɥɩɨ ʀ ɧɩɫɛɦɷ ɥɩɦɣ ɰɩɭʀɝ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

ɟɩɬɺɞɭɣ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɧɠɭɣ Ƚʀɨ ɺɥ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨɣɥɣ ɝʀɝ ɨɛɪɩ ɦɠɞɦɣɝɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢɛ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɠɨɨɺ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ Ƚʀɟɭɛɥ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɟɩɧɠɨ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;Ȳ9 ɬɭ ɩɰɩɪɣɝ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɋʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɱʀɝ ɢɛɦɣɳɛ ɦɛɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɝɮɢɷɥɛ ɬɧɮɞɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ȼʀɬɥɛɤ ɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɛɭɩɥɣ ɏʀɦʀɪɪ ,9 ɫɩɢɞɩɫɨɮɝ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢɛ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɨ ɨɺ ɏɦɛɨɟɫʀʁ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɩɞɩ ɱɠɨɭɫɮ ɝɩɝɨɺɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɫɩɜɨɣɱɭɝɛ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ Ʌɩɫɩɦɺ ɝɛɜɣɦɣ ɜɛɞɛɭʀ ɯɦɛɨɟɫɬɷɥʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ⱦɠɨɭ ɏʀɦʀɪɪ ,9 Ʌɫɛɬɣɝɣɤ ȼɫɹʊʊɠ Ȳɪɫ ɭɛ ʀɨ Ȼɦɠ ɭɮɭ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɪʀɭɥɛɦɛ ɨɠɝɟɛɲɛ Ɏ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɪʀɟ Ʌɮɫɭɫɠ ɦɣɪɨɺ ɫ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥʀ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɣ ɨɣ ɴʀɝɨɩʁ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ɝʀɟ ɩɪɩɦɲɠɨɨɺ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥʀɝ ʀ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɏɦɛɨɟɫʀʁ Ɉɠɢɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɪɩɫɛɢ ɥɮ ɏʀɦʀɪɪ ,9 ɝɬɠ ɭɛɥɣ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɝ ɟɩ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ ɏɦɛɨɟɫʀʁ ɂɨɛɲɨʀ ɝɣɟɛɭɥɣ ɨɛ ɝʀɤɨɮ ɮ ɏɦɛɨɟɫʀʁ ɭɛ ɇɩɨɠɭɣ ɢɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɏʀɦʀɪɪɛ ,9 ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɠ ɧɛɫɨɩɭɫɛɭɬɭɝɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɟɝɩɫɮ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɣ ɟɩ ɪɩɝɨɩɞɩ ɯʀɨɛɨɬɩɝɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɩɫɠɨɨɺ ȿɦɺ ɪɩɪɩɝɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɬɥɛɫɜ ɨɣɱʀ ɏʀɦʀɪɪ ,9 ɨɠ ɞɫɠɜɮɝɛɝ ɨʀɲɣɧ Ƚʀɨ ɪɩɢɣɲɛɝ ɞɫɩɳʀ ɝ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ɭɛ ɨɠ ɪɩɝɠɫɭɛɝ ʁɰ ɝɣɞɛɨɺɝ ʀɢ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɾɝɫɠʁɝ ɦɩɧɜɛɫɟɬɷɥɣɰ ɜɛɨɥʀɫʀɝ ɥɩɨɯʀɬɥɩɝɮɹɲɣ ɪɫɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ʁɰɨʀ ɞɫɩɳʀ ɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɜɫɛɝ ʀɢ ɨɣɰ ɞɫɩɳʀ ɢɛ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɠɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɢɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɧ ɪɬɮɝɛɦɣ ɧɩɨɠɭɮ ɢɧɠɨɳɮɝɛɦɣ ɝ ɨʀɤ ɥʀɦɷ ɥʀɬɭɷ ɢɩɦɩɭɛ ɴɩ ɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɦɩ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦɹ ɛɦɠ ɢɜɛɞɛɲɮɝɛɦɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɮ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɧɛ ȼɣɭɝɛ ɪɫɣ Ʌɮɫɭɫɠ ɾɭɥɛɰ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɪɫɣɧɮɳɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɣɥɮɪɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɬɝɩɜɩɟɮ Ɏ ɪɩɳɮɥɛɰ ɟɡɠɫɠɦ ɪɩɪɩɝɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɥɛɫɜ ɨɣɱʀ ɏʀɦʀɪɪ ,9 ɨɠ ɧʀɞ ɩɜʀɤɭɣ ɤ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷ ɥɮ ɱɠɫɥɝɮ Ƚʀɨ ɬɭɛɝ ɝɣɧɛɞɛɭɣ ɝʀɟ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨ ɬɭɝɛ ɬɪɦɛɭɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɹ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɮ Ɋɫɩɭɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɣɝ Ɋɛɪɛ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɣɤ ȼɩɨʀɯɛɱʀɤ 9,,, ɺɥɣɤ ɥɛɭɠɞɩɫɣɲɨɩ ɢɛɜɩɫɩ ɨɣɝ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɮ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɣ ɉɟ ɨɛɥ ɲɛɬɣ ɢɧʀɨɣɦɣɬɺ Ɏ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɨɛ ɝɭɫɮ ɲɛɨɨɺ ɪɛɪɣ ɏʀɦʀɪɪ ,9 ɬɥɦɣɥɛɝ ɮ ɫ Ⱦɠɨɠɫɛɦɷɨʀ ɳɭɛɭɣ

ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ

ɢɜɩɫɣ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɬɭɛɨʀɝ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ ³ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɛ ɟɝɩɫɺɨ ʀ ɧʀɴɛɨ ʀ ɢɛɪɫɩɪɩɨɮɝɛɝ ʁɧ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɨɮɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɮɪɠɫɠɲɥɮ ɢ ɪɛɪɩɹ ɍɛɥɠ ɢʀɜɫɛɨɨɺ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɥɦɣɥɛ ɨɩ ɝɪɠɫɳɠ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɤ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɦɩ ɨɛɢɝɮ Ⱦɠɨɠɫɛɦɷɨʀ ɳɭɛɭɣ Ⱦɠɨɠɫɛɦɷɨʀ ɳɭɛɭɣ ɮ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɝ ;,9 ɬɭ Ⱦɠɨɠɫɛɦɷɨʀ ɳɭɛɭɣ Ȳ ɪɛɦɛɭɛ

ȲȲ ɪɛɦɛɭɛ

ȲȲȲ ɪɛɦɛɭɛ

Ɋɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɣ ɭɫɠɭɷɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɨɮ Ɋɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɣ ɬɠ ȿɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɩ ɛɫɰʀɾɪɣɬ ɥɩɪ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɣ ɛɜɛɭɣ ɫɠɟɨɷɩɞɩ ɭɛ ɟɫʀɜɨɩɞɩ ɪɩ ɟɝɛ ɟɠɪɮɭɛɭɣ ɝʀɟ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɧɠɫɣ ɭɛ ɲɦɠ ɟɝɩɫɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀɝ

ɨɣ ɧɮɨʀɱɣɪɛɦʀɭɠɭʀɝ

ȿɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɝɩɫɺɨɣ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɦɣ ɟɩ ɪɫɣɝʀɦɠɤɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɬɭɛɨʀɝ Ƚɩɨɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɫɺɟ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɞ ɨɛɟ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɠɨʀ ɝʀɟ ɬɪɦɛɭɣ ɪɩɟɛɭɥʀɝ ɋɠɳɭɛ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ³ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥɣ ɧʀɴɛɨɣ ³ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɦɣ ɟɩ ɨɠɪɫɣɝʀɦɠ ɤɩɝɛɨɩɞɩ ɭɫɠɭɷɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɨɮ Ƚɩɨɣ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɦɣ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɣ ʀ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɣ ɨʀɺɥɣɰ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɞ ȿɩ ɮɲɛɬɭʀ ɝ Ⱦɠɨɠɫɛɦɷ ɨɣɰ ɳɭɛɭɛɰ ɝʀɟ ɭɫɠɭɷɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɨɮ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɢɛɪɫɩɬɣɝ ɦɣɳɠ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɰ ɧʀɴɛɨ ɂʀɜɫɛɨʀ ɝɪɠɫɳɠ ɏʀɦʀɪɪɩɧ ,9 Ⱦɠɨɠɫɛɦɷɨʀ ɳɭɛɭɣ ɩɟɨɩ ɬɭɛɤɨɩ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɝɭɫɮɲɛɨɨɺ ɪɛɪɣ ɮ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ɍɪɣɫɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɮ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɣ ɜʀɦɷɳʀ ɬɭɹ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɏʀɦʀɪɪ ,9 ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɡɨɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ ȼɩɨʀɯɛɱʀɺ 9,,, Ɋʀɟ ɭɣɬɥɩɧ ɏʀɦʀɪɪɛ ,9 ɨɩɝɣɧ ɪɛɪɩɹ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɜɫɛɨɩ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɛɫɰʀɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɛ Ʌɦɣɧɠɨɭɛ 9 ɂɛ ɨɛɪɩɦɺɞɛɨɨɺɧ ɏʀɦʀɪɪɛ ,9 ɨɩɝɣɤ Ɋɛɪɛ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɠɫɠɨʀɬ ɬɝɩɹ ɫɠɢɣɟɠɨɱʀɹ ɟɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ȼɝʀɨɷɤɩɨ ɮ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɑɺ ɪɩɟʀɺ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɛ ɫʀɲɨɣɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ² ɫɫ Ȼɝʀɨɷɤɩɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɩɨɮ ɪɛɪ ɺɥʀ ɩɪɣɨɣɦɣɬɺ ɪʀɟ ɥɩɨɭɫɩɦɠɧ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɰ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝ Ɏɟɫɮɞɠ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɩɹ Ⱦɠɨɠɫɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɳɭɛɭʀɝ ɏʀɦʀɪɪ ,9 ɬɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɝɬɺ ɝ ɫ ɥɩɦɣ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɝ ɪɫɣɜɫɛɭɣ ɟɩ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɫɮɥ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɛ ɩɫɟɠɨɮ ɭɛɧɪɦʀɾɫʀɝ ɉɫɟɠɨ ɭɛɧɪɦʀɾɫʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɝ ɪʀɟ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɹ ɩɪʀɥɩɹ ɫɣɧ ɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɛɪ Ɏ ;,,, ɬɭ ɝʀɨ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɢɠɧ ɦɠɝɦɛɬɨɣɥɛ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫɺ ɪɩɫɭʀɝ ɝɠɫɯɠɤ ɧɛɝ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɤ ɯɦɩɭ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ ɱɠɨɭɫ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɭɛɧɪɦʀɾɫɣ ɪɠɫɠɨɠɬɦɣ ɟɩ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɟɠ ɪɩɢɣɲɛɦɣ ɞɫɩɳʀ ɢɜʀɟ

Ɋɠɲɛɭɥɛ ɏʀɦʀɪɪɛ ,9

ȼɩɨʀɯɛɱʀɤ 9,,,

Ʌɦɣɧɠɨɭ 9

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

Ȼɝʀɨɷɤɩɨ

ɨʀɦɣɧ ɥɩɫɩɦɺɧ ʀ ɭɛɥɣɧ ɲɣɨɩɧ ɝɪɦɣɝɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤ ɬɷɥɮ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɮ ɂɛɜɩɫɞɮɝɛɝ ɭɛɧɪɦʀɾɫɛɧ ʀ ɏʀɦʀɪɪ ,9 Ɉɠ ɧɛɹɲɣ ɲɣɧ ɫɩɢɫɛɰɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɝʀɨ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɝ ɬɰɣɭɫɮɝɛɭɣ ʀ ɪɩɪɫɩɰɛɝ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɩ ɩɫɟɠɨɮ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɧɛɞʀɬɭɫ ɩɫɟɠɨɮ ɭɛɧɪɦʀɾɫʀɝ Ɂɛɨ ɟɠ ɇɩɦɠ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɣɝ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɝ ɳɣ ɴɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɰɩɲɠ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɩɲɩɦɣɭɣ ɩɫɟɠɨ ʀ ɪɫɣɝɦɛɬ ɨɣɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɛ Ɏ ɫ ɢɛ ɫʀɳɠɨɨɺɧ ɏʀɦʀɪɪɛ ,9 ɝ ɩɟɣɨ ɟɠɨɷ ɭɛɾɧɨɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɛɫɠɳɭɩɝɛɨɩ ɝɬʀɰ ɭɛɧɪ ɦʀɾɫʀɝ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɧɛɞʀɬɭɫɩɧ ȳɰ ɢɝɣɨɮ ɝɛɭɣɦɣ ɝ ɲɛɥɦɮɨɬɭɝʀ ɭɛ ɬɦɮɡʀɨɨʀ ɟɣɺɝɩɦɮ Ɍʀɧ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɩ ɬɦʀɟɬɭɝɩ Ɋʀɟ ɭɩɫɭɮɫɛɧɣ ɭɛɧɪɦʀɾɫɣ ɝɣɢɨɛɦɣ ɝɬʀ ɢɝɣɨɮɝɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɛɦɠ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɍɛɧɪɦʀɾɫɣ ɬɮɟɮ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɨɣɰ ɍɛɧɪɦʀɾɫʀɝ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɢɨɛ ɨɩ ɝɣɨɨɣɧɣ ɩɫɟɠɨ ɫɩɢɪɮɴɠɨɩ ɛ ɜʀɦɷɳɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ʁɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɧɛɤɨɛ ɝʀɟɟɛɨɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɹ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɏʀɦʀɪɪɛ ,9 ɲɠɥɛɦɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɠ ɫɩɢɲɛɫɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɬɥɛɫɜʀɝ ɩɫ ɟɠɨɮ ɢɛɞɛɟɥɩɝɩɞɩ ɢɨɣɥɦɛ ɓɮɥɛɲʀ ɬɥɛɫɜʀɝ ɟɩɭɠɪɠɫ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɹɭɷɬɺ ʁɰ ɢɨɛɤɭɣ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɧɛɞʀɬɭɫɛ Ɂɛɥɛ ɟɠ ɇɩɦɠ ɜɠɫɠɢɨɺ ɫ ɬɪɛɦɣɦɣ ɨɛ ɝɩɞɨɣɴʀ Ɋɠɫɠɟ ɬɧɠɫɭɹ ɝʀɨ ɪɫɩ ɥɦɺɝ ɪɛɪɮ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɴɛɟɥʀɝ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɝɳɣ ©Ɋɛɪɩ Ʌɦɣɧɠɨɭɠ Ʌɩɫɩɦɹ ɏʀɦʀɪɪɠ Ɉɠ ɧɣɨɠ ɤ ɫɩɥɮ ɺɥ ɺ ɪɩɥɦɣɲɮ ɝɛɬ ɨɛ Ɍɮɟ ȼɩɡɣɤ ª ɍɣɬɺɲʀ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ Ɋɛɫɣɡɛ ʀɢ ɡɛɰɩɧ ɬɦɮɰɛɦɣ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀ ɬɦɩɝɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɩ Ɍɪɛɦɠɨɨɺ Ɂɛɥɛ ɟɠ ɇɩɦɠ ɞɩ ɧɛɞʀɬɭɫɛ Ȳ ɨɠɟɛɫɠɧɨɩ ɪɫɩɥɦɺɭɭɺ ɬɪɫɛɝɟɣɦɩɬɺ Ɋɠɫɳɣɧ ɪɩɧɠɫ Ʌɦɣɧɠɨɭ 9, Ƚɩɬɠɨɣ ³ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɏʀ ɦʀɪɪ ,9 Ɋʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɪɩɧɠɫɦɣ ʀ ɝɬʀ ɭɫɣ ɟɩɫɩɬɦʀ ɬɣɨɣ ɏʀɦʀɪɪɛ ɛ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɩɝ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɟɩ ɪɩɜʀɲɨɩʁ ɞʀɦɥɣ Ʌɛɪɠɭɣɨɞʀɝ ³ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ Ƚɛɦɮɛ

ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ

Ƚʀɟ ɲɛɬʀɝ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥɛ 9, ɍɩɝɬɭɩɞɩ ɴɩ ɪɫɛɝɣɝ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;,, ɬɭ ɟɩ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɏʀ ɦʀɪɪɛ ,9 ɪɠɫɳɛ ɭɫɠɭɣɨɛ ;,9 ɬɭ ɭɫɣɝɛɝ ɪɫɩɱɠɬ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ Ɏɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɮ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;Ȳ9 ɬɭ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɛ ɧɩɨɛɫɰʀɺ ³ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦʀɢɩɝɛɨɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɮ ɺɥʀɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɪɫɛɝɣɝ ɬɪɣɫɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɢɜɩɫɣ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɬɭɛɨʀɝ ɉɟɨɩɲɛɬɨɩ ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɩɟɨʀɾɹ ɢ ɪɠɫɳɣɰ ɨɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ X Ʉɨɥɢ ɜɩɟɪɲɟ ɭ Ɏɪɚɧɰɿʀ ɛɭɥɨ ɫɤɥɢɤɚɧɨ Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɿ ɲɬɚɬɢ" X əɤɢɣ ɤɨɪɨɥɶ Ɏɪɚɧɰɿʀ ɡɧɢɳɢɜ ɨɪɞɟɧ ɬɚɦɩɥɿɽɪɿɜ"

Ɍɭɩɦʀɭɨɺ ɝʀɤɨɛ Ɏ ;,9 ɬɭ ɨɛ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨʀɤ ɛɫɠɨʀ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɪɩɬɭɛɦɣ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦʀɢɩɝɛɨʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ȿɝɩ ɧɛ ɨɛɤɢɨɛɲɨʀɳɣɧɣ ɭɛɥɣɧɣ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛɧɣ ɝ ɂɛɰʀɟɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ ɭɛ Ȼɨɞɦʀɺ Ɍɮɪɠɫɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɧʀɡ ɨɣɧɣ ɝɣɦɣɦɩɬɺ ɝ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɥɩɨɯɦʀɥɭ ɺɥɣɤ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɨɛɢɝɮ Ɍɭɩɦʀɭɨɺ ɝʀɤɨɛ ² ɫɫ Ɏ ɨʀɤ ɜɫɛɦɣ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

ɭɛ Ȼɨɞɦʀɺ ɛ ɤ ɓɩɭɦɛɨɟʀɺ Ʌɛɬɭɣɦʀɺ Ȼɫɛ ɞɩɨ Ɋɩɫɭɮɞɛɦʀɺ Ȼɨɡɮ ȼɮɫʊɮɨɟʀɺ ɉɟɨɛ ɢ ɪɫɣɲɣɨ ɥɩɨɯɦʀɥɭɮ ɪɩɦɺɞɛɦɛ ɮ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨʀɤ ɬɣɬɭɠɧʀ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ Ȼɨɞɦʀɤ ɬɷɥʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀ ɜɮɟɮɲɣ ɝɛɬɛɦɛɧɣ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷ ɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɛɦɠ ɧɛɹɲɣ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɮ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɬɭɩɺɦɣ ɨɛ ɢɛɝɛɟʀ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɹ ɾɟɣɨɩʁ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ȿɫɮɞɩɹ ɝɛ ɞɩɧɩɹ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɩɹ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɬɮɪɠɫɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɧʀɡ Ȼɨɞɦʀɾɹ ɭɛ ɏɫɛɨɱʀɾɹ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɏɦɛɨɟɫʀɹ ɏɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɦɣ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɭɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɝɛɬɛɦɷɨɠ ɛɦɠ ɪɩ ɬɮɭʀ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨɠ ɞɫɛɯ ɬɭɝɩ Ȼɨɞɦʀɺ ɧɛɹɲɣ ɭʀɬɨʀ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨʀ ɢɝ·ɺɢ ɥɣ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɛ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɯɦɛɨɟɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ɋɫɣɝɩɟɩɧ ɟɩ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɬɮɪɠɫɠɲɥɛ ɴɩɟɩ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɝɩɬɭʀ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦɮ Ɏ ɫ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɢɛɺɝɣɝ ɴɩ ɢɛɜɣɫɛɾ ɝ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩɧɮ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ Ɏ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɀɟɮɛɫɟ ,,, ɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɝ ɝʀɤɨɮ Ƚʀɤɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɦɛɬɺ ɢ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɨɛɜʀɞʀɝ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢʀɝ ɭɛ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɱʀɝ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ɩɟɨɠ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ Ɉɛɫɠɳɭʀ ɫ ɟɝɛ ɯɦɩɭɣ ɢʀɤɳɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɧɩɫɬɷɥʀɤ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɜʀɦɺ ɧʀɬɭɠɲɥɛ Ɍɦɠɤɬɠ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨɩɞɩ ɝ ɞɣɫɦʀ ɓɠɦɷ ɟɣ ɏɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɤ ɯɦɩɭ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɝɨʀɬɭɹ ɢɨɣɴɠɨɩ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɱʀɾʁ ɜɣɭɝɣ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɱʀ ɡɛɫɭɮ ɝɛɦɣ ©ɚɥɜɣ ɫɣɜɣ ɝɧʀɦɣ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɜ ɫɩɢɧɩɝɦɺɦɣ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɩɹª Ɋɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɝɬʀɰ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɬɣɨʀɝ ɏʀɦʀɪɪɛ ,9 ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ ɏɫɛɨ ɱʀʁ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɳɠɨɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɠɜɩɡɛ ɏʀɦʀɪɪɛ 9, ȿɩɝɞɩɞɩ ² ɢ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ Ƚɛɦɮɛ Ȼɦɠ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɢɛ ɪɩɫɛɟɩɹ ɯɦɛɨɟɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ɢɛɺɝɣɝ ɬɝɩʁ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɢʀʁ ɨɛ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɤ ɭɫɩɨ ɚɥ ɫʀɟɨɣɤ ɩɨɮɥ ɏʀɦʀɪɪɛ ,9 ɝʀɨ ɝɝɛɡɛɝ ɴɩ ɧɛɾ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɪɫɛɝ ɨɛ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɏɫɛɨ ɱʀʁ ɛɨʀɡ ɜɮɟɷ ɰɭɩ ɢ ɫɩɟɣɨɣ Ƚɛɦɮɛ ɔɩɜ ɝʀɟɰɣɦɣɭɣ ɟɩɧɛɞɛɨɨɺ ɛɨɞɦʀɤ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥʀ ɹɫɣɬ ɭɣ ɬɪɣɫɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɢɛɥɩɨɣ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɐɦɩɟɝʀɞɛ ³ ©Ɍɛɦʀɲɨɮ ɪɫɛɝɟɮª ɟɠ ɢɛɢɨɛɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɴɩ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɠ ɮɬɪɛɟɥɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɡʀɨɥɛ Ȳɢ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɫɩɜɣɦɣ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɩɥ ɴɩ ɩɬɥʀɦɷ ɥɣ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ³ ɱɠ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɛ ɧɛɭɣ ɀɟɮɛɫɟɛ Ȳ,, ɺɥ ɟɩɨɷɥɛ ɏʀɦʀɪɪɛ ,9 ɨɠ ɧɛɾ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɮɬɪɛɟɥɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɢɠɧ ɦɹ ɭɩ ɝɩɨɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɠ ɪɠɫɠ ɟɛɭɣ ɬɣɨɩɝʀ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɨɛ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ

ȺɇȽɅȱɃɐȱ ɧɚ ɱɨɥɿ ɡ ȿɞɭɚɪɞɨɦ ȱȱȱ ɬɢɫ

ɟ

ɚɥ

ɭ Ʉ

Ʉɪɟɫɿ

ɎɊȺɇɐɍɁɂ ɧɚ ɱɨɥɿ ɡ Ɏɿɥɿɩɩɨɦ 9ȱ ɬɢɫ ȼɣɭɝɛ ɪɫɣ Ʌɫɠɬʀ ɬɠɫɪɨɺ ɫ ɥɛɫɭɩɬɰɠɧɛ

ȼɣɭɝɛ ɪɫɣ Ʌɫɠɬʀ ʀɦɹɬɭɫɛɱʀɺ ɢ ©ɐɫɩɨʀɥ Ɂɛɨɛ ɏɫɮɛɬɛɫɛª

ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ

Ȳɢ ɫ ɝʀɤɨɛ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɬɭɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ Ɇɣɳɠ ɝ ɫ ɬɭɛɦɛɬɺ ɪɠɫɳɛ ɬɠɫɤɩɢɨɛ ɜɛɭɛɦʀɺ ɜʀɦɺ Ʌɫɠ ɬʀ ɮ ɺɥʀɤ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɮ ɛɫɧʀɹ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɴɠɨɭ ɫɩɢɞɫɩɧɦɠɨɩ Ɋɩ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɫɩɥɛɰ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɩɝ ɟɩ ɭɛɥɭɣɥɣ ɢɛɞɛɫɜɛɨɨɺ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ʀ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɠɨɨɺ ɫɠɤɟʀɝ ɮɞɦɣɜ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɢ ɪɩɞɫɛɜɮɝɛɨɨɺɧɣ ʀ ɝɢɺɭɭɺɧ ɝɠɦɣ ɥɩʁ ɢɟɩɜɣɲʀ Ƚʀɤɨɛ ɨɛɜɮɦɛ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɮ ɜɣɭɝɣ ɨɛ ɝɣɬɨɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɏɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ Ȳɩɛɨɨ ,, ȿɩɜɫɣɤ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɝ ɪɩ ɥɦɛɬɭɣ ɥɫɛɤ ɫɠɤɟɛɧ ɒɩɫɨɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɨɱɛ ɭɛɥ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɀɟɮ ɛɫɟɛ ɬɣɨɛ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ɏ ɫ ɭɣɬɺɲɨɠ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɨɛɢɟɩɞɨɛɦɩ ɜʀɦɺ ɧʀɬɭɠɲɥɛ Ɋɮɛɭɷɾ ɭɣɬɺɲɨɣɤ ɢɛɞʀɨ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɱʀɝ Ɋɫɣɨɱ ɀɟɮɛɫɟ ɮɬɝʀɟɩɧɦɹɹ Ȳɩɛɨɨ ,, ȿɩɜɫɣɤ ɲɣ ɬɝɩɾ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɠ ɝ ɩɜɧʀɨ ɨɛ ɬɝɩɜɩɟɮ ɜɮɝ ɦɛɟɠɨ ɝʀɟɟɛɭɣ ɝɬɹ ɢɟɩɜɣɲ Ȼɦɠ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷ Ȼɨɞɦʀɤɱʀ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɣ ɥɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɢɛɡɛɟɛɝ ɴɩɜ ɭɩɤ ɢɟɛɝɬɺ ɍɩɟʀ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɟɣɬɱɣɪɦʀɨʀ ɺɥɛ ʀɬ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɱʀ ɝɣɳɣɥɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɜɩɤɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɫɺ ɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɝ ɪʀɰɩɭʀ ɭɛ ɩɢɜɫɩɾɨɨɹ ³ ɟɩɥ ʀ ɪɫɣɞɩɭɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɷɩʁ ɜɣɭɝɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɟɛɦɠɥɩɜʀɤɨɣɧ ɦɮɥɛɧ ɏɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɩɬɺ ɺɥɛ ɝɣɺɝɣɦɛɬɷ ɟɦɺ ɨɣɰ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɡɨɩɹ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɢ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɛɞɩɨʀɝ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ɪʀɟ Ɋɮɛɭɷɾ ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ ɺɥʀ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɢɛ ɪɫɣɨɱɣɪɩɧ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɛ ɨɛ ɧɠɡʀ ɝɭɫɛɭɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɬɭʀ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɩʁ ɝʀɟɟɛɨɩɬɭʀ ɬɹɢɠɫɠɨɩɝʀ ɂɛ ɪɩɦɩɨɠɨɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɱʀ ɢɛɡɛɟɛɦɣ Ʌɩɡɠɨ ɫɣɱɛɫ ɺɥɣɤ ʀɳɩɝ ɮ ɜʀɤ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɣɤ ɝɣɥɮɪ ³ ɧɦɨ ɢɩɦɩɭɣɰ ɧɛ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɝ ɢɟɩɜɮɭɣ ɬɦɛɝɮ ʀ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɭɣ ɪɩɟɝɣɞ ɍɛɥɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɨɠɥɠɫɩ ɫɩɥ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɭɫɣ ɫʀɲɨʀ ɪɫɣɜɮɭɥɣ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɝɛɨɣɧ ɛ ɬɛɧ ɜʀɤ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɝɬɺ ȿɩɯʀɨ Ʌɛɫɦ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɫɛɝɣɝ ɥɫɛʁɨɩɹ ɫɩɢɮ ɨɛ ɬɠɫʀɹ ɞɠɫɱʀɝ ȿɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɫɣɱɛɫ ɧʀɝ ɴɩ ɜɠɢ ɢɞɩɟɣ ɪʀɟɟɛɨɣɰ ɭɛɥʀ ɥɩɳɭɣ ɨɠ ɬɷɥɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɨɠɲɣɬɦɠɨɨɣɧ ɢʀɜɫɛɭɣ ȼɮɦɩ ɬɥɦɣɥɛɨɩ Ⱦɠɨɠɫɛɦɷɨʀ ɳɭɛ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɬɪɩɫɺɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɭɣ Ɏ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɨɛ ɪɫɩɰɛɨɨɺ ɞɫɩɳɠɤ ɟɠ ɫɣɱɛɫɺ ɺɥ ɮɡɠ ɢɛɢɨɛɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɥɩɳ

ȼɣɭɝɛ ɪɫɣ Ɋɮɛɭɷɾ

ɭɮɝɛɦɩ ɟɩɫɩɞɩ ɍɩɧɮ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɜɣɭɝɣ ɪʀɟ Ʌɫɠɬʀ ɫɩɢɜɣɦɩɬɺ ɩɜ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɮ ɪʀɰɩɭɮ ɺɥɛ ɟʀɺɦɛ ɝ ɢɛɧɥɨɠɨɩɧɮ ɬɭɫɩɹ ɭɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɥɠɫɩɝɛɨɩɹ ȼʀɤ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɦɮɲɨɣɥɣ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɥɣɟɛɦɣ ɬɭɫʀɦɛɧɣ ɛɭɛɥɮɹɲɣɰ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɰ ɛɫɜɛɦɠɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɨɛɤ ɧɛɨɱʀɝ ʀ ɥʀɨɨɩɭɮ Ɉɠ ɝɣɭɫɣɧɛɝɳɣ ɭɛɥɩɞɩ ɩɜɬɭɫʀɦɮ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ ɝʀɟɬɭɮɪɣ ɦɣ Ʌɩɨɭɫɛɭɛɥɛ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɱʀɝ ɟɩɝɠɫ ɳɣɦɛ ɬɪɫɛɝɮ Ɏ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɢɛɞɣɨɮɦɩ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɰ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ ʀ ɦɣɳɠ ɭɫɣ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɑɠ ɜɮɝ ɴɠ ɩɟɣɨ ɬɣɞɨɛɦ ɺɥɣɤ ɬɪɩɝʀɬɭɣɝ ɴɩ ɠɪɩɰɛ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ ɟɩɜʀɞɛɦɛ ɥʀɨɱɺ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

ɪɮɭɛɭɣ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɣ ɭɫɠɭɷɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɨɮ ɝɣɬɮɨɮɦɣ ɝɣɧɩɞɮ ɢɛɬɮɟɣɭɣ ɭɣɰ ɰɭɩ ɝɣɨɠɨ ɮ ɨɠɞɛɫɛɢɟɛɰ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɭɛ ɝɬɭɛ ɨɩɝɣɭɣ ɥɩɨɭɫɩɦɷ ʀɢ ʁɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɜɩɥɮ ɢɛ ɢɜɣ ɫɛɨɨɺɧ ʀ ɝɣɭɫɛɲɛɨɨɺɧ ɪɩɟɛɭɥʀɝ Ɍɪɫɩɜɛ ɟɩɯʀɨɛ ɪɫɩɭɣɟʀɺɭɣ ɫɠɯɩɫɧɛɧ ɬɪɫɩɝɩɥɮ ɝɛɦɛ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɪɛɫɣɡɛɨ ɮ ɫ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɢ ɪɫɠɝɩ ³ ɞɩɦɩɝɩɹ ɧʀɬɷɥɩʁ ɛɟɧʀɨʀ ɬɭɫɛɱʀʁ Ɋɛɫɣɡɛ ɀɭɷɾɨɩɧ ɇɛɫɬɠɦɠɧ Ɋɩɝɬɭɛɦʀ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɣ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɛ ɦɛɱ ʀ ɝɜɣɦɣ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɨɛɜɦɣɡɠɨɣɰ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ɋɫɠɝɩ ɪɩ ɬɮɭʀ ɬɭɛɝ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɠɧ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɟɩɯʀɨ ɢɧʀɞ ɮɭɠɥɭɣ ʀ ɮ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɬɭɛ ɦɩ ɟɝɛ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦʀ ³ ɮ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɝɭɫɮɭɣɝɬɺ ɫɩɟɣɲ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ Ɉɛɝɛɫɫɣ Ʌɛɫɦ ɂɦɣɤ ɺɥɣɤ ɮɟɛ ɝɛɨɩ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɛɝ ɀɭɷɾɨɛ ɇɛɫɬɠɦɺ ɧɛɹɲɣ ɨɛɧʀɫ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɭɣ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɤ ɭɫɩɨ Ɍɣɭɮ ɛɱʀɺ ɝ ɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɝɥɫɛɤ ɢɛɞɩɬɭɫɣɦɛɬɺ Ɏɝɠɬɷ ɭɺɞɛɫ ɝʀɤɨɣ ʀ ɨɠɞɛɫɛɢɟɣ ɦɺɞɦɣ ɨɛ ɪɦɠɲʀ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɉɬɭɛɨɨɷɩɹ ɥɫɛɪɦɠɹ ɴɩ ɪɠɫɠɪɩɝɨɣɦɛ ɲɛɳɮ ɭɠɫɪʀɨɨɺ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɝɣɧɩɞɛ ɟɩ ɨɣɰ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɭɣ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ ɢ ɮɥɫʀɪɦɠɨɨɺ ɢɛɧɥʀɝ Ɏ ɭɫɛɝɨʀ ɫ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨʀɲ ɝʀɟ Ɋɛɫɣɡɛ ɬɪɛɦɛɰɨɮɦɩ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨ ɨɺ ɺɥɠ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɪɩɳɣɫɣɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩ Ɍɰʀɟɨɮ ɏɫɛɨɱʀɹ Ƚɩɨɩ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɦɩ ɨɛɢɝɮ Ɂɛɥɠɫʀɺ ɯɫɛɨ ɱɮɢɷɥʀ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɣ ɪɫɠɢɣɫɦɣɝɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɝɬʀɰ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɡɛɥɛɧɣ Ɍɠɦɺɨɣ ɨɛɪɛɟɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɢɛɧɥɣ ɢɨɣɴɮɝɛɦɣ ɢɛɪɣɬɣ ɪɩɝɣɨɨɩɬɭɠɤ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɩɝʀ ɟɩɥɮɧɠɨɭɣ ɡɩɫ ɬɭɩɥɩ ɫɩɢɪɫɛɝɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɢ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɛɧɣ ɭɛ ʁɰ ɬʀɧ·ɺɧɣ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɪʀɟɬɭɮɪɨɩɞɩ ɝɜɣɝɬɭɝɛ ɥɠɫʀɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɣɟɮɳɠɨɩ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɠ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɬɪɛɦɛɰɨɮɦɩ ʀ ɝ Ȼɨɞ ɦʀʁ ɫ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ Ƚɩɭɛ ɍɛɤɦɠɫɛ

Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɝɬʀɰ ɱɣɰ ɨɠɞɛɫɛɢɟʀɝ ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ ɢ ɝɠɦɣ ɥɣɧɣ ɭɫɮɟɨɩɴɛɧɣ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɦɛ ɬɝɩʁ ɬɣɦɣ ȿɩɯʀɨ Ʌɛɫɦ ɰɩɲ ʀ ɜɮɝ ɯʀɢɣɲɨɩ ɬɦɛɜɥɣɧ ʀ ɜɩɺɢɥɣɧ ɛɦɠ ɝɣɺɝɣɝɬɺ ɨɠɛɜɣɺɥɣɧ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɣɧ ɟʀɺɲɠɧ Ƚʀɨ ɬɪɫɩɧʀɞɬɺ ɫ ɮɥɦɛɬɭɣ ɧɣɫ ɢ Ȼɨɞɦʀɾɹ ɂɛ ɱɣɧ ɧɣɫɩɧ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɭɫɠɭɣɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ

ɏɫɛɨɱɮɢɣ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɛɹɲɣ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɮ ɪʀɟ Ʌɫɠɬʀ ɬɪʀɳɣɦɣ ɝɬɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ʀ ɝɣɳɣɥɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɭɫɣ ɫɺɟɣ Ȼɦɠ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɣɬɭɩ ɬɩɝɛɨʀ ɟɩ ɜɣɭɝɣ ɝ ɪʀɳɩɧɮ ɬɭɫɩɹ ʀ ɥɩɦɣ ɪɠɫɳɛ ɳɠɫɠɨɞɛ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢʀɝ ɥɣɨɮɦɛɬɺ ɝ ɜʀɤ ɝɩɨɛ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɜɮɦɛ ɫɩɢɜɣɭɛ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɱɺɧɣ ȿɫɮɞɛ ɳɠ ɫɠɨɞɛ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢʀɝ ɭɠɡ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɦɛ ɪʀɟ ɢɦɣɝɮ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɭɫʀɦ ʀ ɪɩ ɲɛɦɛ ɝʀɟɬɭɮɪɛɭɣ Ƚʀɟɬɭɮɪ ɪɠɫɠɫʀɬ ɮ ɪɛɨʀɥɮ ɴɩ ɩɰɩɪɣɦɛ ɤ ɳɠɫɠɨɞɮ ɩɲɩɦɹɝɛɨɮ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ Ɋɠɫɳɣɧɣ ɢɛ ɦɣɳɣɦɣ ɪɩɦɠ ɜɩɹ ɨɛɤɜɦɣɡɲʀ ɟɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɦɹɟɣ ɮ ɭɩɧɮ ɲɣɬɦʀ ɬɭɛɫ ɳɣɤ ɬɣɨ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɟɩɯʀɨ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɥ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦɮ Ʌɛɫɦ ³ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɤ ɥɩ ɫɩɦɷ Ʌɛɫɦ 9 ɇɮɟɫɣɤ ²

Ʌɩɨɭɫɛɭɛɥɛ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɱʀɝ ɟɩɝɠɫɳɣɦɛ ɬɪɫɛɝɮ Ʌɩɫɩɦɷ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɝ ɮ ɪɩɦɩɨ

ɀɭɷɾɨ ɇɛɫɬɠɦɷ

ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ

ɝʀɟɰɩɟɣɦɛ ɪʀɟ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɠ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɪʀɟɭɝɠɫɟɡɮ ɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɢɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɨɺ ɝɣɪɦɛɭɣ ɝɣɥɮɪɮ ɢɛ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɛ ɢɛ ɱɠ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɣɝɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɢʀɤ ɨɛ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ȿɩɯʀɨ Ʌɛɫɦ ɬɭɛɝɳɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ ɪɩɬɭɛɫɛɝɬɺ ɝɣɪɫɛɝɟɛ ɭɣ ɟɛɨɠ ɤɩɧɮ ɪɫʀɢɝɣɬɷɥɩ ɇɮɟɫɣɤ Ƚʀɨ ɝɪɩɫɺɟɥɮɝɛɝ ɬɣ ɬɭɠɧɮ ɢɜɣɫɛɨɨɺ ɪɩɟɛɭɥʀɝ ɪɩɲɛɝ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɛɪɛɫɛɭɮ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɮɪɩɫɺɟɥɮɝɛɝ ʀ ɪɠɫɠɩɢɜɫɩʁɝ ɛɫɧʀɹ Ɉɛɬɦʀɟ ɥɣ ɫɩɢɮɧɨɣɰ ɫʀɳɠɨɷ ɨɠ ɢɛɜɛɫɣɦɣɬɺ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɜɩɤɩɝɣɰ ɟʀɤ ɮ ɫ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷ ɥɛ ɛɫɧʀɺ ɪʀɟ ɥɩɧɛɨɟɮɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɭɛɦɛɨɩɝɣɭɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɥɩɝɩɟ ɱɺ ȿɹɞɠɥɦɠɨɛ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɪɩɝɨʀɬɭɹ ɝɣɢɝɩɦɣɦɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ Ɏ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɢɧʀɨɣɝɬɺ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ ɝʀɤɨɣ ʀɢ ɝʀɤ ɨɣ ɧʀɡ ɜɦɛɞɩɫɩɟɨɣɧɣ ɫɣɱɛɫɺɧɣ ɴɩ ɝɩɹɝɛɦɣ ɢɛ ɬɦɛɝɮ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫʀɝ ʀ ɪɫɠɥɫɛɬɨɣɰ ɟɛɧ ɝɩɨɛ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩ ɫɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɝʀɤɨɮ ɧʀɡ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛɧɣ ʀ ɨɛɫɩɟɛɧɣ ɨɛ ɱʀɺɧɣ

Ɋɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ Ʌɛɫɦɛ 9 ɇɮɟɫɩɞɩ ɬɣɭɮɛɱʀɺ ɮ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɢɛɞɩɬɭɫɣɦɛɬɺ ɋʀɢɨʀ ɮɞɫɮɪɩɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɷ ɪɩɬɛɟɣɭɣ ɨɛ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɣɥɛ ɑʀɾɹ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɩɹ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɦɣ ɬɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɭɣɬɺ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɱʀ ɺɥʀ ɪɩɨɩɝɣɦɣ ɝʀɤɨɮ

Ɇɨɜɨɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ȿɩɯʀɨ Ʌɛɫɦ

ȿɹɞɠɥɦɠɨ

Ɏɪɚɧɰɿɹ ɡɚ ɱɚɫɿɜ ɋɬɨɥɿɬɧɶɨʀ ɜɿɣɧɢ ɏɪɨɧɿɤɚ ɋɟɧ Ⱦɟɧɿ ɪ

Ɇɟɲɤɚɧɰɿ ɩɟɪɟɞɦɿɫɬɶ ɿ ɫɿɥ ɜɜɚɠɚɥɢ ɡɚ ɤɪɚɳɟ ɯɨɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɜ ɦɿɫɬɚɯ ɚɛɨ ɬɿɤɚɬɢ ɜ ɥɿɫɢ ɿɡ ɞɪɭɠɢɧɚɦɢ ɞɿɬɶɦɢ ɿ ɜɫɿɦ ɫɤɚɪɛɨɦ ɧɿɠ ɡɭɫɬɪɿɱɚɬɢɫɹ ɡ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ ɡɛɢɪɚɱɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɨɧɢ ɛɨɹɥɢɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɧɿɠ ɜɨɪɨɝɚ ɇɟɜɞɨɜɡɿ ɜɨɧɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɞɿ ɜɿɞɱɭɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɛɿ ɳɨ ɧɟ ɛɭɥɨ ɧɿɹɤɨʀ ɪɿɡɧɢɰɿ ɦɿɠ ɰɢɦɢ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ ɣ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɰɹɦɢ ɚɛɨ ɳɨ ɰɿ ɥɸɞɢ ɝɪɚɛɭɜɚɥɢ ɣ ɱɢɧɢɥɢ ɪɨɡɛɿɣ ɥɸɬɿɲɟ ɋɢɥɨɸ ɜɨɧɢ ɡɚɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɡɨɥɨɬɨ ɝɪɨɲɿ ɿ ɜɫɟ ɧɚɣɰɿɧɧɿɲɟ Ȳɯɧɹ ɠɨɪɫɬɨɤɿɫɬɶ ɧɚɝɚɧɹɥɚ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɠɚɯ ɳɨ ɫɜɹɳɟɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɡ ɰɟɪɤɨɜ ɿ ɯɨɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɧɚɞɿɣɧɢɯ ɦɿɫɰɹɯ ɫɤɚɪɛɢ ɹɤɿ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɥɢ Ȼɨɝɨɜɿ ɬɚ ɫɜɹɬɢɦ ɬɨɦɭ ɳɨ ɝɪɚɛɿɠɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɜɫɟ ɳɨ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɡɧɚɣɬɢ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɶɤɢɦɢ ɦɭɪɚɦɢ ɿ ɪɨɛɢɥɢ ɰɟ ɛɟɡ ɞɨɤɨɪɿɜ ɫɭɦɥɿɧɧɹ əɤ ɜɿɣɧɚ ɜɩɥɢɧɭɥɚ ɧɚ ɠɢɬɬɹ Ɏɪɚɧɰɿʀ" əɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɠɞɚɧɶ ɡɚɜɞɚɥɚ ɜɿɣɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɦɭ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɿ" ɑɢɦ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɿɧɤɭ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɶɤɢɯ ɡɛɢɪɚɱɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ" Ƚɩɬɠɨɣ ɫ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɛɫɧʀɺ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɢ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰɩɧ 9 ɝɣɬɛɟɣɦɛɬɺ ɝ Ɉɩɫɧɛɨɟʀʁ ɭɛ ɜʀɦɺ ɬɠɦɛ Ȼɢɠɨɥɮɫ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɫɩɢɞɫɩɧɣɦɛ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢʀɝ Ȼɨɞɦʀɤɱʀ ɝɬɭɮɪɣɦɣ ɟɩ Ɋɛɫɣɡɛ ɂɛ ɨɩɝɣɧ ɧɣɫɨɣɧ ɟɩɞɩɝɩɫɩɧ ɫ ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ ɭɛ Ȼɨɞɦʀɺ ɬɭɛɝɛɦɣ ɾɟɣɨɣɧ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩɧ ɂɟɛɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɴɩ ɝʀɤɨɛ ɬɥʀɨɲɣɦɛɬɺ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

Ʌɩɫɩɦɷ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ 9 ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɳɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɫɠɞɠɨ ɭɩɧ ʀ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɥɩɧ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦɮ Ⱥɡɟɧɤɭɪ ʀ ɝɢɺɝ ɳɦɹɜ ʀɢ ɟɩɨɷɥɩɹ Ʌɛɫɦɛ 9, Ɍɣɨ Ʌɛɫ ɦɛ 9, ³ Ʌɛɫɦ ɪɩɢɜɛɝɦɺɝɬɺ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɮɬɪɛɟɥɩɝɮ ɝɛɭɣ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ Ȼɦɠ ɟɩɯʀɨ ɨɠ ɝɣɢɨɛɝ ɟɩɞɩɝɩɫɮ ʀ ɝɭʀɥ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɟɠ ɴɠ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɣɬɺ ȺɇȽɅȱɃɐȱ ɧɚ ɱɨɥɿ ɡ Ƚɟɧɪɿɯɨɦ 9 ɬɢɫ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɰɣɦɷɨɣɥɣ Ɏ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɪɩɧɠɫɦɣ Ⱦɠɨ ɤɿɧɧɨɬɚ ɩɿɯɨɬɚ ɥɭɱɧɢɤɢ ɫʀɰ 9 ʀ Ʌɛɫɦ 9, ɂɨɩɝɮ ɬɪɛɦɛɰɨɮɦɛ ɝʀɤɨɛ Ɋɠ Ⱥɧɝɥɿɣɰɿ ɫɠɳɥɩɟɩɹ ɨɛ ɳɦɺɰɮ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɱʀɝ ɟɩ ɪɩɝɨɩɞɩ Ɏɪɚɧɰɭɡɢ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɯɩɫɭɠɱɺ ɉɫɦɠɛɨ ȼɣɭɝɛ ɪʀɟ Ȼɢɠɨɥɮɫɩɧ ɺɥɮ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɢɺɦɣ ɝ ɩɜɦɩɞɮ ɫ ɐɩɲɛ ɢɛɰɣɬ ɡɩɝɭɨɺ ɫ ɨɣɥʀɝ ɯɩɫɭɠɱʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɨʀɡ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɱʀɝ ɝɩɨɣ ɧɛɦɩ ɝʀɫɣɦɣ ɝ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɮ X ɓɨ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɸ ɿ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɦ ɞɨ ɋɬɨɥɿɬɧɶɨʀ ɜɿɣɧɢ" X əɤɿ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɿ ɛɢɬɜɢ ɋɬɨɥɿɬɧɶɨʀ ɜɿɣɧɢ" X Ʉɨɥɢ ɿ ɡ ɤɢɦ Ɏɪɚɧɰɿɹ ɜɟɥɚ ɋɬɨɥɿɬɧɸ ɜɿɣɧɭ" X ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɫɟɥɹɧɫɶɤɢɯ ɩɨɜɫɬɚɧɶ ©ɀɚɤɟɪɿʀª ɭ Ɏɪɚɧɰɿʀ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɋɬɨɥɿɬɧɶɨʀ ɜɿɣɧɢ ɎɊȺɇɐɍɁɂ ɧɚ ɱɨɥɿ ɡ ɒɚɪɥɟɦ ɞ¶Ⱥɥɶɛɪɟ ɬɢɫ

Ɂɛɨɨɛ ɟ·Ȼɫɥ ɂɛɝɠɫɳɠɨɨɺ Ɍɭɩɦʀɭɨɷɩʁ ɝʀɤɨɣ Ɏ ɜɠɫɠɢɨʀ ɫ ɟɩ ɟɝɩɫɮ ɟɩɯʀɨɛ Ʌɛɫɦɛ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɳɠɨɩɞɩ Ʌɛɫɦɩɧ 9,, ɪɫɣɜɮɦɛ ɪɩ ɲɩɦɩɝʀɲɩɧɮ ɝɜɫɛɨɛ ɟʀɝɲɣɨɛ ʀ ɬɥɛɢɛɦɛ ɴɩ ɝɩɨɛ ³ ɬɠɦɺɨɥɛ ʀɢ ɬɠɦɛ ȿɩɧɫɠɧʀ ɝ Ɇɩɭɛɫɣɨɞʀʁ ʀ ɢɝɛɭɣ ʁʁ Ɂɛɨɨɛ ɛ ɪɫɣɤɳɦɛ ɝɩɨɛ ɴɩɜ ɝɣɢɝɩɦɣɭɣ ɉɫɦɠɛɨ ɝɣɞɨɛɭɣ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɱʀɝ ʀɢ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɭɛ ɥɩɫɩɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɟɩɯʀɨɛ Ɋɫɩ ɱɠ ʁɤ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɣɦɣ ɛɫɰɛɨɞɠɦ ɇɣ ɰɛʁɦ ɬɝɺɭʀ Ʌɛɭɠɫɣɨɛ ʀ ɇɛɫɞɛɫɣɭɛ ɴɩ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɦɣɬɺ ʁɤ ɮ ɝɣɟʀɨɨɺɰ Ɂɛɨɨɮ ɟɩɪɮɬɭɣɦɣ ɟɩ ɛɫɧʀʁ Ɏ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɝɜɫɛɨɨʀ ʀɢ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɣɧ ɪɫɛɪɩɫɩɧ ɮ ɫɮɥɛɰ ɝɩɨɛ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɬɣɧɝɩɦɩɧ ɧɛɤɜɮɭ ɨɷɩʁ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɣ Ȼɫɧʀɺ ʀ ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ ɪɩɝʀɫɣɦɣ ɝ ɟɣɝɩ Ɏ Ɂɛɨɨʀ ɝɜɛɲɛɦɣ ɢɨɛɫɺɟɟɺ ȼɩɞɛ ɛ ȼɩɞ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɠ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɭɣ ɨɠɪɫɛɝɩɧɮ ɟʀɦɮ Ɋɛɭɫʀɩɭɣɲɨɠ ɪʀɟɨɠ ɬɠɨɨɺ ɩɰɩɪɣɦɩ ɥɫɛʁɨɮ Ɋʀɟ ɪɫɛɪɩɫɣ Ʌɛɫɦɛ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɬɰɩɟɣɭɣɬɺ ɭʀ ɰɭɩ ɜɛɡɛɝ ɮɫɺɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɏɫɛɨɱʀɹ ɍɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ Ɂɛɨɨɛ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɛɫɧʀʁ ɨɛɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɝɲɣ ɨɣɦɛ ɟɣɝɩ ɂɛ ɟɨʀɝ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɛ ɛɫɧʀɺ ɢɨɺɦɛ ɩɜɦɩɞɮ ɢ ɉɫɦɠɛɨɛ ʀ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɦɛ ɫɠɤɟ ɟɩ ɋɠɤɧɬɛ ³ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɟɠ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɥɩɫɩɨɛɱʀɺ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɰ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝ Ʌɩɫɩɨɛɱʀɺ Ʌɛɫɦɛ ɝ ɋɠɤɧɬʀ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɛ ɟɩɯʀɨɛ ɝ ɩɲɛɰ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢʀɝ ɨɛ ©ɢɛɥɩɨɨɩɞɩª ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɛ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢɛ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɮ ɬɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɭɩɟʀɳɨʀɰ ɦɹ Ɂɛɨɨɛ ɟ·Ȼɫɥ ɟɠɤ ³ ɱɠ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢɛ ɥɫɛʁɨɮ

ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ

Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɥɩɫɩɨɛɱʀʁ Ʌɛɫɦ 9,, ʀɢ ɩɬɭɩɫɩɞɩɹ ʀ ɪʀɟɩ ɢɫɩɹ ɬɭɛɝɣɝɬɺ ɟɩ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɹɲɩʁ ɪɩɪɮɦɺɫɨɩɬɭʀ ©ɉɫɦɠ ɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɟʀɝɣª ɜɩɺɲɣɬɷ ɴɩ ɝɩɨɛ ɧɩɡɠ ɢɛɭɷɧɛɫɣɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɭɩɧɮ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɭɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɩɭɩɲɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɺɥɩɬɷ ʁʁ ɪɩɢɜɮɭɣɬɺ Ɂɛɨɨʀ ɟɩɫɮɲɛɦɣ ɨɠɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɛɦɠ ɫɣɢɣɥɩɝɛɨʀ ɝɩɾɨɨʀ ɩɪɠɫɛɱʀʁ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɩɜɩɫɩɨɣ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ʌɩɧɪ·ɾɨɷ ɝɩɨɛ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɦɛ ɝ ɪɩɦɩɨ ɟɩ ɜɮɫʊɮɨɟɱʀɝ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɣ ɬɩɹɢɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɱʀɝ Ʌɛɫɦ 9,, ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ ɴɩɜ ɮɫɺɭɮɝɛɭɣ Ɂɛɨɨɮ Ƚɩɨɛ ɪɩɬɭɛɦɛ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɧ ɬɮɟɩɧ ɨɛ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɬɮɟɟʀ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɩɝɠɬɭɣ ɴɩ Ɂɛɨɨɛ ɝʀɟɷɧɛ ɭɛ ɾɫɠɭɣɲɥɛ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɥɩɫɩɨɛɱʀɺ Ʌɛɫɦɛ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɛ ɲɣɨ ɨɩɬɭʀ Ɉɛ ɝɬʀ ɢɝɣɨɮɝɛɲɠɨɨɺ Ɂɛɨɨɛ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɦɛ Ʌɛɫɦ 9,, ɧɮɡɨɷɩ ɤ ɟɩɭɠɪɨɩ ȳʁ ɬɪɛɦɣɦɣ ɨɛ ɪɦɩɴʀ ɝ ɋɮɛɨʀ ɺɥ ɝʀɟɷɧɮ ɛ ɪɩɪʀɦ ɥɣɨɮɦɣ ɮ ɝɩɟɮ ɐɩɲɛ Ɂɛɨɨɛ ɤ ɢɛɞɣɨɮɦɛ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɭɛ ɨɠɹ ɬɪɫɛɝɛ ɧɛɦɛ ɪɩɢɣɭɣɝɨʀ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥɣ Ɏ ɫ Ʌɛɫɦ 9,, ɝɬɭɮɪɣɝ ɟɩ Ɋɛɫɣɡɛ ɛ ɟɩ ɫ ɝɬɹ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɥɫʀɧ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ʌɛɦɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɢɝɩɦɠɨɩ ɝʀɟ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɱʀɝ Ɍɭɩɦʀɭɨɺ ɝʀɤɨɛ ɬɥʀɨɲɣɦɛɬɺ ɰɩɲ ʀ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɪʀɟɪɣɬɛɨɩ ɨʀɺɥɩɞɩ ɧɣɫɮ Ʌɛɫɦ 9,, ɴɩɜ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɭɣ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɢʀ ɢɝɣɨɮɝɛɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɮ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɢɝɠɦɛ ɾɫɠɭɣɲɥɛ ʀ ɝʀɟɷɧɛ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɮɝɛɝ ɪɫɩɱɠɬ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɠɫɠɞɦɺɨɮɝ ɬɪɫɛɝɮ Ɂɛɨɨɣ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɢ ɨɠʁ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɨɺɭɩ ɝɬʀ ɩɜɝɣɨɮɝɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɤ ɝɣɪɫɛɝɟɛɨɩ ɪɩɬɧɠɫɭɨɩ Ɍɭɩɦʀɭɨɺ ɝʀɤɨɛ ɧɛɦɛ ɟɛɦɠɥɩɬɺɡɨʀ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥɣ Ʌɫʀɧ ɫɩɢɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ʀ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɣɰ ɮɭɫɛɭ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɭɛ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨ ɨɺ ɬɣɦɷɨɩʁ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦʀɢɩɝɛɨɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ȱɟɣɨɛ ɛɫɧʀɺ ɭɛ ɾɟɣɨɣɤ ɪɩɟɛɭɩɥ ɬɭɛɦɣ ʁʁ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɩɢɨɛɥɛɧɣ ɍɛɥ ɺɥɴɩ ɫɛɨʀɳɠ ɫɣɱɛɫ ʀɳɩɝ ɨɛ ɝʀɤɨɮ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɪɫɣɬɺɞɨɮɝ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɮ ɨɛ ɝʀɫɨʀɬɭɷ ɭɩ ɬɩɦɟɛɭ ³ ɢ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɮ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɹ ɋɛɨʀɳɠ ɪɩɜɩɫɣ ɨɛ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɟɠɫɡɛɝɨʀ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɣ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɢɛ ɢɞɩɟɩɹ ɭɣɰ ɰɭɩ ɪɦɛɭɣɝ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɪɩɟɛɭ ɥɣ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɦɩ ɪɦɛɭɣɭɣ ɢɛ ɪʀɟɟɛɨɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɨʀɰɭɩ ɢɞɩɟɣ ɝɡɠ ɨɠ ɪɣɭɛɝ ɉɭɡɠ ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ ɝɣɤɳɦɛ ɢ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɢɩɝɬʀɧ ʀɨɳɩɹ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɹ ɴɩ ɤ ɝɣɢɨɛɲɣɦɩ ʁʁ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɮ ɟɩɦɹ X Ɂɚ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɶɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ ɩɨɱɚɥɚɫɹ ɿ ɡɚ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɥɚɫɶ ɋɬɨɥɿɬɧɹ ɜɿɣɧɚ" X Ʉɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɥɢ ©Ɉɪɥɟɚɧɫɶɤɨɸ ɞɿɜɨɸª"

ɂɛɝɠɫɳɠɨɨɺ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ Ɋɩ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɠɨɨʀ Ɍɭɩɦʀɭɨɷɩʁ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɣɬɺ ɢɛ ɧɠɡɛɧɣ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɂɨɛɲɨɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɮ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɠɨɨʀ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɝ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ ;, ²

Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨɩɹ ɪɠɫɠɳɥɩɟɩɹ ɨɛ ɳɦɺɰɮ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥɛ ;, ɟɩ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɜɮɝ ɞɠɫɱɩɞ ɜɮɫʊɮɨɟɬɷɥɣɤ Ʌɛɫɦ Ɍɧʀ

Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ ;,

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

ɦɣɝɣɤ ɺɥɣɤ ɧɛɝ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɭɛ ɝ Ɉʀɟɠɫɦɛɨɟɛɰ Ɉɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɮ ɝʀɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɯɠɩɟɛɦʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɲɣɨɣɦɣ ɩɪʀɫ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥɮ ;, Ʌɛɫɦ Ɍɧʀɦɣɝɣɤ ɮ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺɰ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɣɝ ɭɛɥɮ ɡ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɮ ɴɩ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɮɪɠɫ ɨɣɥ ɏɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɥɩɨɯɦʀɥɭ ɧʀɡ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥɩɧ ʀ Ʌɛɫɦɩɧ ɜɮɝ ɥɩɨɯɦʀɥɭɩɧ ɧʀɡ ɟɝɩɧɛ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɣɧɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛɧɣ Ɏ ɱʀɤ ɜɩ ɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɮ ɢɟɩɜɮɝ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ ;, Ƚɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɛ ɜɣɭɝɛ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɛɬɺ ɝ ɫ ɜʀɦɺ Ɉɛɨɬʀ ȼɮɫʊɮɨɟɱʀ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɣ ɪɩ ɫɛɢɥɣ ɛ Ʌɛɫɦ ɢɛɞɣɨɮɝ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ ;, ɟɮɡɠ ɢɫɛɟʀɝ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɩɞɩ ɪɫɩɭɣɝɨɣɥɛ ʀ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɨɛɥɛɢɛɝ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ȼɮɫʊɮɨɟɬɷɥɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɪɫɣɪɣɨɣɦɛ ɬɝɩɾ Ʌɛɫɦ Ɍɧʀɦɣɝɣɤ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ʌɫʀɧ ȼɮɫʊɮɨɟʀʁ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ ɢɧʀɞ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɭɣ ɟɩ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ Ɋʀɥɛɫɟʀɹ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ȼɠɫɫʀ ɝ ɱɠɨɭɫʀ ɭɛ Ɋɫɩɝɛɨɬ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ Ɍɣɨ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥɛ ;, ³ Ʌɛɫɦ 9,,, ² ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɝ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɾ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɴɩ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɦɩ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨʀɬɭɷ ³ ɞɠɫ ɱɩɞɬɭɝɩ ȼɫɠɭɛɨɷ ɫ ɍɛɥ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɣɝɬɺ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɪɫɩɱɠɬ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɴɩ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝɬɺ ɢɛ Ʌɛɪɠɭɣɨɞʀɝ ɛ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɣɝɬɺ ɢɛ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ Ƚɛɦɮɛ Ɏ ;9, ɬɭ ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɩɟɨʀɾɹ ɢ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɰ ʀ Ʌɛɫɦ 9,,, ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦʀɢɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ f ɍ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɿ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɨ ɨɛ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ Ɏɪɚɧɰɿʀ ɜ ɽɞɢɧɭ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɭ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ ;, ɜɮɝ ɝɣɟɛɭɨɣɧ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɭ" ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɩɧ ʀ ɟɣɪɦɩɧɛɭɩɧ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɛ ɴɠ ³ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ʀɢ ɥɩ ɫɩɦʀɝ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɠɩɜɧɠɡɠɨɩɹ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɛɜɬɩɦɹɭɨɩɹ Ɍɝɩɾɹ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨʀɬɭɹ ɝʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɞɠɭɷ ɨɠɬɰɩɡɣɤ ɨɛ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɷɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɰɮɟɣɤ ɢɞɩɫɜɦɠɨɣɤ ɮɜɫɛɨɣɤ ɮ ɪɩ ɭɠɫɭɣɤ ɟɩɝɞɣɤ ɥɛɧɢɩɦ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɬɭɮɫɜɩɝɛɨɣɤ ʀ ɢɛɥɦɩɪɩɭɛɨɣɤ ɬɪɫɛ ɝɛɧɣ Ɍɛɧɠ ɱɺ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɨɛɝɩɟɣɦɛ ɡɛɰ ɨɛ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɫɩɞʀɝ ʀ ɬɮɪɠɫɨɣɥʀɝ Ƚʀɤɨɛ ʀɨɭɫɣɞɣ ɪʀɟɥɮɪɣ ɬɩɹɢɣ ɢɫɛɟɣ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɜɫɩɾɹ Ʌɫʀɧ ɢɜɣɫɛɨɨɺ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɝʀɨ ɝɠɦɷɧɣ ɪɠɫɠ ɤɧɛɝɬɺ ʁɰɨʀɧ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɣɧ ɫɩɢɝɣɭ ɥɩɧ Ɋɫɩɧɣɬɦɣ ʀ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦɺ ɜɮɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɬɭɫɛɬɭɹ

ȼɣɭɝɛ ɜʀɦɺ Ɉɛɨɬʀ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ

ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ

Ȼ ɭɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ« ɫ ³ ɬɧɠɫɭɷ əɫʀɺ ȲȲ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɷɩɞɩ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɫ ³ ɜɣɭɝɛ ɨɛ Ɍɣɨʀɰ Ƚɩɟɛɰ ² ɫɫ ³ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɏɠɟɩɫɛ Ʌɩɫʀɛɭɩɝɣɲɛ ɨɛ ɂɛɥɛɫɪɛɭɭʀ

Ɂɚɤɪɿɩɢɦɨ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ 1. ɏɬɨ ɛɭɜ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɿʀ Ʉɚɩɟɬɢɧɝɿɜ" ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɱɨɬɢɪɶɨɯ ɜɢɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɿʀ Ʉɚɩɟɬɢɧɝɿɜ 2. əɤɿ ɜɟɪɫɬɜɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɥɢ ɨɛ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ Ɏɪɚɧɰɿʀ" 3. ɉɪɨɫɬɟɠɬɟ ɹɤ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɥɨɫɹ ɩɨɫɢɥɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɶɤɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɭ Ɏɪɚɧɰɿʀ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ;,, ɫɬ ɞɨ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ;,9 ɫɬ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɜɲɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɜɿɯɢ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ 4. ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɿ ɲɬɚɬɢ" ȱɡ ɹɤɨɸ ɦɟɬɨɸ ʀɯ ɛɭɥɨ ɫɤɥɢɤɚɧɨ" əɤ ɜɢɪɿɲɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɡɿɛɪɚɧɧɿ" 5. əɤɿ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ɦɚɜ ɤɨɧɮɥɿɤɬ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ Ɏɿɥɿɩɩɚ ,9 Ʉɪɚɫɢɜɨɝɨ ɡ ɬɚɦɩɥɿɽɪɚɦɢ" 6. ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɱɢɧɧɢɤɢ ɹɤɿ ɫɩɪɢɹɥɢ ɨɛ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɧɸ Ɏɪɚɧɰɿʀ ɚ ɹɤɿ ɡɚɜɚɠɚɥɢ 7. ɑɢɦ ɛɭɥɚ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɹɤ ɫɬɨɥɿɬɧɹ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɿɫɬɶ ɜɿɣɧɢ" 8. Ɉɰɿɧɿɬɶ ɪɨɥɶ ɀɚɧɧɢ ɞ¶Ⱥɪɤ ɭ ɩɟɪɟɦɨɡɿ ɧɚɞ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɰɹɦɢ 9. ɋɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɥɶɧɢɣ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ Ʌɸɞɨɜɿɤɚ ,; ɋɜɹɬɨɝɨ ɿ Ɏɿɥɿɩɩɚ ,9 Ʉɪɚɫɢɜɨɝɨ əɤɟ ɜɚɲɟ ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ ʀɯɧɿɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿɜ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɦɟɬɢ"

X Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɢ ɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɩɪɨ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɿ ɞɨɥɸ ɀɚɧɧɢ ɞ¶Ⱥɪɤ

§ 14. Àíãë³ÿ

Ʌɠɦɷɭɣ ɨɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɭʀɥɛɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɛ ɤ ɲɣɨɣɦɣ ʁɧ ɝʀɟɲɛɤɟɮɳɨɣɤ ɩɪʀɫ Ɉɛ ɪɩɲɛɭ ɥɮ 9, ɬɭ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɷ ɜɫɣɭʀɝ ɤ ɩɬ ɭɛɨɨʀɰ ɫɣɧɦɺɨ ɨɛ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ Ȼɧɝɫɩ ɬʀɤ Ȼɝɫɠɦʀɛɨ ɩɲɩɦɣɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɱʀɝ Ʉɩɞɩ ɝɩɾɨɛɲɛɦɷ ɨɣɥɩɧ ɛɜɩ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɩ ɝɩɡɟɠɧ ɩɟ ɨɩɞɩ ɢ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɜɮɝ ɦɠɞɠɨɟɛɫɨɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ Ȼɫɭɮɫ Ƚʀɨ ɢɧʀɞ ɢɛɝɟɛɭɣ ɬɛɥɬɛɧ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɝʀɟɲɮɭɨɣɰ ɪɩɫɛ ɢɩɥ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɫ ɝ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɜʀɦɺ ɞɩɫɣ ȼɛɟɩɨ Ɉɠɝʀɟɩɧɣɤ ɰɫɩɨʀɬɭ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɝ ɴɩ ɜɣɭɝɛ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɛ ɭɫɣ ɟɨʀ ʀ ɭɫɣ ɨɩɲʀ ɤ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɣɦɛɬɺ ɪɠɫɠ ɧɩɞɩɹ ɜɫɣɭʀɝ Ɋɛɧ·ɺɭɷ ɪɫɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ȼɫɭɮɫɛ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɛɬɺ ɝ ɦɠɞɠɨɟɛɰ ɺɥʀ ɢ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɨɛɜɮɦɣ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɥɛɢɥɩɝɩʁ ɯɩɫɧɣ ʀ ɨɠ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɩ ɞɩ ɢʀ ɬɪɫɛɝɡɨʀɧɣ ɪɩɟʀɺɧɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥʀ ɪɣɬɷɧɠɨɨɣ ɥɣ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɦɣ ɟɠɬɺɭɥɣ ɫɩɧɛɨʀɝ ɪɫɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ȼɫɭɮɫɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ ©ɥɫɮɞɦɩɞɩ ɬɭɩɦɮª ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɢ Ɇɛɨɬɠ ɦɩɭɩɧ ʀ ɲɛɫʀɝɨɣɥɛ ɇɠɫɦʀɨɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɝ ɥɩɫɩɦɹ

Ȼɨɞɦɩɬɛɥɬɩɨɬɷɥʀ ɝɩʁɨɣ

Ȼɨɞɦɩɬɛɥɬɩɨɬɷɥʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ƚʀɟ ɥʀɨɱɺ Ȳ ɟɩ ɥʀɨɱɺ Ȳ9 ɬɭ ɩɬɭɫʀɝ ȼɫɣ ɭɛɨʀɺ ɜɮɝ ɪɫɩɝʀɨɱʀɾɹ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɥɫʀɧ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩʁ ɓɩɭ ɦɛɨɟʀʁ ɋɣɧɦɺɨɣ ɪɩɜɮɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɭɮɭ ɧʀɬɭɛ ʀ ɯɩɫɭɠɱʀ ɛɦɠ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɠɨɱʀɝ ʀɢ ɭɠɪɦɩʁ Ȳɭɛ ɦʀʁ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɜɧɛɦɷ Ɏ ɫ ɫɣɧɬɷɥʀ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɣ ɩɬɭɫʀɝ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɧɮɳɠɨʀ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɭɣ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɣ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ ɝʀɟ ɝɛɫɝɛɫʀɝ ʀ ɫɣɧɩ ɜɫɣɭɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɣ ɯɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɪɫɣ ɪɣɨɣɦɣɬɺ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ɝ ȼɫɣɭɛ ɨʀʁ ɪɩɲɛɦɛ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟɛɭɣ Ƚɩɡɟʀ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɣɰ ɥɠɦɷɭɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɝɠɦɣ ɧʀɡɮɬɩɜɨɮ ɜɩ ɫɩɭɷɜɮ Ƚʀɟ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɣ 9 ɬɭ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɧɛɬɩɝɠ ɝɭɩɫɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɹ ȼɫɣ ɭɛɨʀʁ ɛɨɞɦɩ ɬɛɥɬɩɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥʀɝ Ȼɨɞɦɣ ɭɛ ɹɭɣ ɪɩɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɢ əɭɦɛɨɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɛ ȿɛɨʀɺ ɛ ɬɛɥɬɣ ³ ʀɢ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɧʀɡ ɀɦɷɜɩɹ ɭɛ ɋɠɤɨɩɧ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɛ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨɛ

Ɍɪɠɫɳɮ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥɣ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɣ ɪʀɝ ɟɠɨɨɩ ɬɰʀɟɨɠ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ ȼɫɣɭɛɨʀʁ ɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɪɫɩɬɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɝɞɦɣɜ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ Ƚɩɨɣ ɢɨɣɴɮɝɛɦɣ ɥɠɦɷɭʀɝ ɛɜɩ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɣ ʁɰ ɨɛ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɺɥɣɰ ɩɜɥɦɛɟɛɦɣ ɟɛɨɣɨɩɹ Ɋɦɠɧɠɨɛ ɜɫɣɭɭʀɝ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣ ɨɠ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɨɛ ɢɛɰɩɟʀ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ Ɏɠɦɷɬ ɭɛ Ʌɩɫɨɮɩɦɦ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɓɩɭɦɛɨɟʀɺ ɭɛ ɨɛ ɬɮɬʀɟɨɷɩɧɮ ɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ Ȳɫɦɛɨɟʀɺ ɒɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɥɠɦɷɭʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭ ɟɩ ʉɛɦɦʀʁ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫʀɝ Ȼɫɧɩɫɣɥɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɢɞɩ ɟɩɧ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɨɛɢɝɮ ȼɫɠɭɛɨɷ ɂɛɰɩɪɣɝɳɣ ȼɫɣɭɛɨʀɹ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥɣ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɬʀɧ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝ Ʌɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛɧɣ ɛɨɞɦʀɝ ɜɮɦɣ ɉɬɭɛɨɞɦʀɺ ɇɠɫɬʀɺ ʀ Ɉɩɫɭɮɧɜ ɫʀɺ ɬɛɥɬʀɝ ³ ɀɬɬɠɥɬ Ɏɠɬɬɠɥɬ Ɍɛɬɬɠɥɬ ɹɭʀɝ ³ Ʌɠɨɭ Ɏɬʀ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛ ɫɩɢ

Ȼɨɞɦʀɺ

ɧɩɝɦɺɦɣ ɫʀɢɨɣɧɣ ɞɩɝʀɫɥɛɧɣ ɛɦɠ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɪɩɳɣ ɫɹɝɛɝɬɺ ʀ ɪɩɲɛɝ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɛɭɣ ɟʀɛɦɠɥɭ ɛɨɞɦʀɝ ʀɢ ɇɠɫ ɬʀʁ ɇɩɝɮ ɺɥɩɹ ɫɩɢɧɩɝɦɺɦɣ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥɣ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɭɣ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɹ ɛ ɬɛɧɮ ɥɫɛʁɨɮ ³ Ȼɨɞɦʀɾɹ ɂɛɦɣɳɥɣ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɠɨɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥɣ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɩɟɣɨ ɨɛɫɩɟ ɺɥɣɤ ɩɟɠɫ ɡɛɝ ɨɛɢɝɮ ɛɨɞɦɩɬɛɥɬɣ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɟɝɛ ɭɫɣ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɛɨɞɦɩ ɬɛɥɬɩɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɪɫɩɬɭɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɥɠɫɦʀɝ ʀ ɢɨɛɭɨɣɰ ɠɫɦʀɝ Ʌɠɫ ɦɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɝʀɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɬɠɦɺɨɛɧɣ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɦɣ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɣɧɣ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛɧɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɛ ɝ ɫɛɢʀ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɤɳɦɣ ɝ ɩɪɩɦɲɠɨ ɨɺ ɀɫɦɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɛɨɞɦɩɬɛɥɬɩɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɤ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧɣ ɟʀɦɺɨɥɛɧɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɴɩ Ⱦɠɩɫɞʀɤ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɩɜɫɩɜ ɦɺɦɛɬɺ ɫɛɜɛɧɣ ʀ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɣɧɣ ɦɹɟɷɧɣ ³ ɪɩɨɠ ɝɩɦɠɨɣɧɣ ɜɫɣɭɛɧɣ ɲɣ ɜɩɫɡɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɥɠɫɦɛɧɣ Ȼɨɞɦɩɬɛɥɬɣ ɪɫɣɨɠɬɦɣ ʀɢ ɬɩɜɩɹ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀʁ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɝɩɡɟʀ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɺɧɣ ʁɰɨɺ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɪɩɬɣɦɣɦɛɬɺ Ʌɩɫɩɦɺ ɩɭɩɲɮɝɛɦɛ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɛ ɴɩ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɦɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɹɲɣ ɮ ɝɣɨɛɞɩɫɩɟɮ ɢɜɫɩɹ ɥɩɨɠɤ ɥɩɳɭɩɝɨɩɬɭʀ ɤ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɉɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɩɝɩɹ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɩɹ ɝɣɨɛɞɩɫɩɟɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɜɠɨɥɠɭɣ ɫɩɢɥʀɳ ɺɥɣɰ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɛ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɠɨɨɹ ɪɩɪɮɦɺɫɨɩɬɭʀ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ƚɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɝʀɟɟɛɝɨɛ ɪɫɣ ɥɩɫɩɦʀ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɛ ©ɫɛɟɛ ɧɮɟɫɣɰª ɛɜɩ ©ɭɣɰ ɰɭɩ ɢɨɛɾ ɢɝɣɲɛʁª ɴɩ ɩɜɧɠɡɮɝɛɦɛ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɮ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɑɺ ɫɛɟɛ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɛɬɺ ɢ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɢɛɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɝɛɦɛ ɨɩɝʀ ɢɛɥɩɨɣ ʀ ɢɛ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɣ ɧɩɞɦɛ ɮɬɮɨɮɭɣ ɬɭɛɫɩɞɩ ɭɛ ɩɜɫɛɭɣ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ɏɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɛɨɞɦɩɬɛɥɬɩɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ȼɫɣɭɛɨʀɺ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ Ȼɨ ɞɦʀɹ ɥɠɦɷɭʀɝ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɨɣɴɠɨɩ ɛɜɩ ɪɩɨɠɝɩɦɠɨɩ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ʀ ɢɝɣɲɛʁ ɢɨɣɥɦɣ Ƚ ɛɨɞɦɩ ɬɛɥɬɩɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛɰ ɺɥ ʀ ɝ ɥɩɨɭɣɨɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɩɲɛɦɩ ɪɩɳɣɫɹɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɩ ɐɫɣɬɭɣɺɨʀɢɛɱʀɺ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɧɛɦɛ ɟɝɛ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɛ Ɋɠɫɳɠ ³ ɱɠ ʀɫɦɛɨɟɬɷɥʀ ɧʀɬʀɩɨɠɫɣ ɟɫɮɞɠ ³ ɱɠ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ Ɋɛɪɛ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɤ Ȳ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ² ɟɩɥɦɛɝ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɢɮɬɣɦɷ ɴɩɜ ɨɛɝɠɫɨɮɭɣ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɟɩ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɝʀɫɣ ɂɛɟɦɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɬɦɛɝ ɲɠɨɱʀɝ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɢ ɝɣɟɛɭ ɨɣɧ ɜɩɞɩɬɦɩɝɩɧ Ȼɝɞɮɬɭɣɨɩɧ ɺɥɣɤ ɬɭɛɝ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɩɧ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ Ʉɩɞɩ ɫɠɢɣɟɠɨ ɱʀɾɹ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɧʀɬɭɠɲɥɩ Ʌɠɨɭɠɫɜɠɫʀ ɝ Ʌɠɨɭʀ ɋɣɧɬɷɥʀ ɧɩɨɛɰɣ ɫɩɢɞɩɫɨɮɦɣ ɠɨɠɫɞʀɤɨɮ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɨɛɝɠɫɭɛɹɲɣ ɟɩ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ʀ ɝɣɭʀɬɨɺɹɲɣ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɨɣɰ ʀɫɦɛɨɟɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɫɩɪɩɝʀɟɨɣɥʀɝ ɮ ɺɥɣɰ ɝɩɨɣ ɝɜɛɲɛɦɣ ɬɮ ɪɠɫɨɣɥʀɝ Ƚ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɮ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɛɱʀɹ ɴɩ ɪʀɟɪɩɫɺɟɥɩɝɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɋɣɧɮ ɮ ɬɠɦɛɰ ɬɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɛɫɛɯʀʁ ɟɩ ɺɥɣɰ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɣɥɣ ɂɛɧʀɬɭɷ ɧɛɦɠɨɷɥɣɰ ʀɫɦɛɨɟɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɛɪɦɣɱɷ ɢɛɪɫɩɳɠɨʀ ɢ ʉɛɦɦʀʁ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɣ ɢɝɩɟɣɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨʀ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

Ɏɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ʀɫɦɛɨɟɬɷɥɣɰ ʀ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɫɩɪɩɝʀɟɨɣɥʀɝ ɝ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɢɛɪɛɨɮ ɝɛɦɩ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɩ X Ʉɨɥɢ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɨɫɹ ɚɧɝɥɨɫɚɤɫɨɧɫɶɤɟ ɡɚɜɨɸɜɚɧɧɹ Ȼɪɢɬɚɧɿʀ" əɤɿ ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɶɤɿ ɩɥɟɦɟɧɚ ɛɪɚɥɢ ɜ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɶ" X ɋɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɬɜ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɢ ɚɧɝɥɨɫɚɤɫɢ" X ɓɟ ɛɭɥɨ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚɦɢ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ Ⱥɧɝɥɿʀ"

Ȼɨɞɦʀɺ ʀ ɝʀɥʀɨɞɣ Ȼɨɞɦɩɬɛɥɬɩɨɬɷɥɠ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ȼɫɣɭɛɨʀʁ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɟɦɺ ɨɠʁ ɨɠ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɧ Ȼɨɞɦʀɺ ɪɠɫ ɳɩɹ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɛ ɫɮɤɨʀɝɨɣɰ ɨɛɪɛɟʀɝ ɝʀɥʀɨɞʀɝ ʀ ɪɩɬɭɫɛɡɟɛɦɛ ɝʀɟ ɨɣɰ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ Ɋɠɫ ɳɣɤ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɨɛɪɛɟ ɟɛɭɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɫ Ɉɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ȼɦɷɯɫɠɟɛ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɠ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɜɮɦɩ ɟɮɡɠ ɭɺɡɥɣɧ ȿɛɨɱʀ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɣ Ɇɩɨɟɩɨ ʀ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɜɮɝ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɮɭɠɥɭɣ ɝʀɟ ɨɣɰ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɟɠ ɪɩɲɛɝ ɢɜɣɫɛɭɣ ɬɣɦɣ ɟɦɺ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ Ƚʀɨ ɫɩɢɟʀɦɣɝ ɬɝɩɾ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɨɛ ɟɝʀ ɲɛɬɭɣ ɨɣ ɔɩɫɩɥɮ ɩɟɨɛ ɤɳɦɛ ɝ ɜʀɤ ɛ ʀɨɳɛ ɩɜɫɩɜɦɺɦɛ ɪɩɦɺ ɍɛɥɛ ɭɛɥɭɣɥɛ ɝɣɺɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɮɬɪʀɳɨɩɹ ʀ ɫ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ Ȼɦɷɯɫɠɟ ɝʀɟ ɥɣɨɮɝɳɣ ɟɛɨɱʀɝ ɢɛ ɍɠɧɢɮ ɪʀɟɪɣɬɛɝ ʀɢ ɨɣɧɣ ɧɣɫɨɮ ɮɞɩɟɮ Ɏ ɝʀɤɨʀ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɟɛɨɱʀɝ Ȼɦɷɯɫɠɟ ɢɛɧʀɬɭɷ ɢɝɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɛɨɞɦɩ ɬɛɥɬɩɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɩɪɩɦɲɠɨɨɺ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɝ ɛɫɧʀɹ ɢ ɪɫɩ Ȼɦɷɯɫɠɟ ɯɠɬʀɤɨɣɰ ɝɩʁɨʀɝ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ ɂɛ ɫʀɳɠɨɨɺɧ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɥɩɡɨʀ ɪ·ɺɭɷ ɛɨɞɦɩɬɛɥɬʀɝ ɪɩɝɣɨɨʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɩɢɜɫɩɹɝɛɭɣ ʀ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɝɬʀɧ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɣɧ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɝɩʁɨɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɬɦɮɡɣɝ ɝ ɛɫɧʀʁ ɑɠ ɟɛɦɩ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ Ȼɦɷɯɫɠɟɮ ɝɠɬɭɣ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɮ ɝʀɤɨɮ ʀ ɨɠ ɟɛɭɣ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɬɭɣ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɮ Ɋɩɺɝɛ ɪɫɩɯɠɬʀɤɨɣɰ ɝɩʁɨʀɝ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ ɢɛɪɩɲɛɭɥɮɝɛɦɛ ɟɛɦɠɥɩɬɺɡɨʀ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɝ ɛɨɞɦʀɤ ɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝʀ ɴɩ ɪɩɲɛɦɩ ɨɛɜɮɝɛɭɣ ɫɣɬ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɉɥɫʀɧ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɭɝɛ ɢɛ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɧ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ȼɦɷɯɫɠɟɛ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɜɮɫɞɣ ³ ɯɩɫɭɠɱʀ ɢ ɝɛɫɭɩɝɣɧɣ ɢɛɞɩɨɛɧɣ ³ ʀ ɥɩɫɛɜɦʀ ɟɦɺ ɢɛɰɣɬɭɮ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɮɢɜɠ ɫɠɡɡɺ ɝʀɟ ɢɛɞɛɫɜɨɣɥʀɝ ȿɦɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩɜ ɝɠɬɭɣ ɮɬɪʀɳɨɮ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɮɝɛɝ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɥɩɳɭʀɝ Ȼɦɷɯɫɠɟ ɢɛɪɫɩɝɛɟɣɝ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɣɤ ɪɩɟɛɭɩɥ ʀɢ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨ ɨɺ ³ ©ɟɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɞɫɩɳʀª ȼɛɞɛɭɩ ɮɝɛɞɣ Ȼɦɷɯɫɠɟ ɪɫɣɟʀɦɺɝ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ ʀ ɨɛɮɥɣ Ƚʀɨ ɬɮɧɨɩ ɪɫɩ ɧɩɝɦɺɝ ɴɩ ɫɛɨʀɳɠ ʀɨɩɢɠɧɱʀ ʁɰɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɝɲɛɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɛ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɨɠɧɩɡɦɣɝɩ ɢɨɛɤɭɣ ɦɹɟɣɨɮ ɺɥɛ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɦɛ ɜ ɦɣɬɭɛ ɢ ɦɛɭɣɨɣ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɹ Ʌɩɫɩɦɷ Ȼɦɷ ɯɫɠɟ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɝ ɪɫɣ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɟɝɩɫʀ ɳɥɩɦɮ ɟɠ ʀɨɥɩɦɣ ɬɛɧ ɝɣɥɦɛɟɛɝ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɳɥɩɦɣ Ƚɩʁɨɣ ɝʀɥʀɨɞɣ ɪʀɟɝʀɬɥɛ ©ɉɟʀɨ ʀ ɝɩɫɩɨɣª ɐ ɬɭ

Ȼɨɞɦʀɺ

ɝ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɰ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɬɭɝ ɂɛ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɧ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɟɣ ɦɛɭɣɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɣɞ ɛɨɞɦɩɬɛɥɬɩɨɬɷɥɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ Ƚɠɦɣɥɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɪɩɬɣɦɠɨɨɺ ɾɟɨɩɬɭʀ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɧɛɦɩ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɢɜʀɫɨɣɥɛ ɢɛ ɥɩɨʀɝ ©Ɋɫɛɝɟɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ȼɦɷɯɫɠɟɛª Ʌɩɫɩɦɷ ɨɛɥɛɢɛɝ ɢʀɜɫɛɭɣ ɟɛɝɨʀ ɛɨɞɦɩ ɬɛɥ ɬɩɨɬɷɥʀ ɢɛɥɩɨɣ ³ ɪɫɛɝɟɣ ³ ɮ ɾɟɣɨɮ ɢɜʀɫɥɮ ɟɩɟɛɝ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɨɩɝʀ ɭɛ ɝɣɧɛɞɛɝ ɝʀɟ ɮɬʀɰ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɨɣɧɣ

Ɇɨɜɨɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ȼɢɬɹɝɢ ɿɡ ©ɉɪɚɜɞɢ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ Ⱥɥɶɮɪɟɞɚª ə ɤɨɪɨɥɶ Ⱥɥɶɮɪɟɞ ɡɿɛɪɚɜ ɰɿ ɡɚɤɨɧɢ ɣ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɜ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɢ ɛɿɥɶɲɿɫɬɶ ɿɡ ɬɢɯ ɹɤɢɯ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɧɚɲɿ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɤɢ ɿ ɹɤɿ ɫɩɨɞɨɛɚɥɢɫɹ ɦɟɧɿ ɚ ɛɚɝɚɬɨ ɡɥɢɯ ɳɨ ɦɟɧɿ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɞɨɛɚɥɢɫɹ ɹ ɜɿɞɤɢɧɭɜ ɡɚ ɪɚɞɨɸ ɦɭɞɪɢɯ ɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɜ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢ ɞɚɥɿ ɧɟ ɧɚɜɚɠɢɜɫɹ ɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɢ ɞɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɭ ɛɿɥɶɲɿɫɬɶ ɦɨʀɯ ɜɥɚɫɧɢɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜ ɛɨ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɧɢɣ ɳɨ ɫɩɨɞɨɛɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɧɢ ɧɚɲɢɦ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɤɚɦ« əɤɳɨ ɯɬɨɫɶ ɡɚɦɢɫɥɸɽ ɡɥɨ ɩɪɨɬɢ ɠɢɬɬɹ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ ɫɚɦ ɨɫɨɛɢɫɬɨ ɚɛɨ ɧɚɞɚɽ ɩɪɢɬɭɥɨɤ ɜɢɝɧɚɧɰɟɜɿ ɱɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɿ ɬɨ ɜɿɧ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɬɢɦɟ ɫɜɨʀɦ ɠɢɬɬɹɦ ɿ ɜɫɿɦ ɱɢɦ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɽ« ɏɬɨ ɝɨɬɭɽ ɡɚɦɚɯ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɝɨ ɩɚɧɚ ɬɨɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɰɟ ɫɜɨʀɦ ɠɢɬɬɹɦ ɿ ɜɫɿɦ ɱɢɦ ɜɿɧ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɽ ɚɛɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɢɬɶ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɤɥɹɬɜɨɸ Ɍɚɤɨɠ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɽɦɨ ɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɠɧɨʀ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɨɫɜɹɱɟɧɨʀ ɽɩɢɫɤɨɩɨɦ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɡɚɯɢɫɬ ɦɢɪɭ ɹɤɳɨ ʀʀ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟ ɩɿɲɚ ɚɛɨ ɤɿɧɧɚ ɥɸɞɢɧɚ ɹɤɚ ɪɹɬɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɦɫɬɢ ɬɨ ɧɿɯɬɨ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɢɜɟɫɬɢ ʀʀ ɡɜɿɞɬɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɫɟɦɢ ɧɨɱɟɣ Ʉɨɥɢ ɯɬɨɫɶ ɰɟ ɜɫɟ ɬɚɤɢ ɡɪɨɛɢɬɶ ɬɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɭ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɭ« ɋɬɚɪɲɢɣ ɭ ɰɟɪɤɜɿ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɚɬɢ ɡɚ ɬɢɦ ɳɨɛ ɰɹ ɥɸɞɢɧɚ ɧɟ ɨɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɰɢɯ ɫɟɦɢ ɞɧɿɜ ʀɠɿ əɤɳɨ ɜɿɧ ɫɚɦ ɡɚɯɨɱɟ ɜɿɞɞɚɬɢ ɡɛɪɨɸ ɫɜɨʀɦ ɩɟɪɟɫɥɿɞɭɜɚɱɚɦ ɬɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɛɟɪɟɝɬɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɧɨɱɟɣ ɿ ɫɩɨɜɿɫɬɢɬɢ ɩɪɨ ɰɟ ɣɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɢɱɿɜ Ⱦɚɥɿ ɩɪɨ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɿɥɟɣ ɹɤɳɨ ɬɨɣ ɯɬɨ ɜɱɢɧɢɜ ɡɥɨɱɢɧ ɩɪɨ ɹɤɢɣ ɪɚɧɿɲɟ ɧɟ ɛɭɥɨ ɜɿɞɨɦɨ ɫɯɨɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɰɟɪɤɜɿ ɣ ɬɚɦ ɩɨɤɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ Ȼɨɝɨɦ ɬɨ ɧɟɯɚɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɹɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɭ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɢɧɢ« əɤɳɨ ɯɬɨɫɶ ɭɤɪɚɞɟ ɳɨɫɶ ɭ ɰɟɪɤɜɿ ɬɨ ɧɟɯɚɣ ɡɚɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɰɟ ɨɞɧɨɪɚɡɨɜɟ ɜɿɞɲɤɨɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɲɬɪɚɮ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɲɤɨɞɭɜɚɧɧɸ ɿ ɧɟɯɚɣ ɭ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɛɭɞɟ ɜɿɞɪɭɛɚɧɨ ɪɭɤɭ ɹɤɨɸ ɜɿɧ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɢɜ ɰɸ ɤɪɚɞɿɠɤɭ« ɑɢɦ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɿɧɤɭ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɶɤɢɯ ɡɛɢɪɚɱɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ" əɤ ɤɨɪɨɥɶ Ⱥɥɶɮɪɟɞ ɭɤɥɚɜ ɡɛɿɪɧɢɤ ɡɚɤɨɧɿɜ" ɓɨ ɛɭɥɨ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɿ ɣɨɝɨ ɿ ©ɋɚɥɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɪɚɜɞɢª ɏɥɨɞɜɿɝɚ" əɤɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɜ Ⱥɧɝɥɿʀ ɡɚ ɱɚɫɿɜ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ Ⱥɥɶɮɪɟɞɚ" X ɍ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɪɨɰɿ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɫɹ ɩɟɪɲɢɣ ɧɚɩɚɞ ɜɿɤɿɧɝɿɜ ɧɚ Ȼɪɢɬɚɧɫɶɤɿ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɢ" X əɤɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɭ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɥɢ ɜɿɤɿɧɝɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ Ⱥɧɝɥɿʀ" X ɑɨɦɭ ɭɟɫɫɟɤɫɶɤɢɣ ɤɨɪɨɥɶ Ⱥɥɶɮɪɟɞ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɜ ɩɪɿɡɜɢɫɶɤɨ ȼɟɥɢɤɢɣ"

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

Ɉɩɫɧɛɨɟɬɷɥɠ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ Ɏ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɟɛɨɱʀɝ ɛɨɞɦɩɬɛɥɬɛɧ ɟɩɪɩɧɛɞɛɦɩ ɞɠɫɱɩɞɬɭɝɩ Ɉɩɫɧɛɨɟʀɺ ɴɩ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɩ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ Ƚɩɨɩ ɺɥ ɝɣ ɝɡɠ ɢɨɛɾɭɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɬɨɩ ɝɛɨɠ ɫ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɠɨɣɰ ɮ ɏɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɩɧɮ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝʀ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɬɷɥɣɧ ɝɛɭɛɡɥɩɧ ɞɠɫɱɩɞɩɧ ɋɩɦɦɛɨɩɧ

ȼɣɭɝɛ ɪʀɟ Ⱦɛɬɭʀɨɞɬɩɧ

Ɏ ɫ ɬɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɝɳɣɬɷ ɬɧɠɫɭɹ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɞɠɫ ɱɩɞ Ɉɩɫɧɛɨɟʀʁ Ƚʀɦɷɞɠɦɷɧ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɝ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɭɣ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ Ɋɫɣɝɩɟɩɧ ɟɩ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɭɛɝ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɭ ɛɨɞɦɩɬɛɥ ɬɩɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɟɬɷɥɣɤ ɞɠɫɱɩɞ ɟɩɝɩɟɣɝɬɺ ɫɩɟɣɲɠɧ Ɏ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɤɳɦɩɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ Ƚʀɦɷɞɠɦɷɧ ³ ɬɪɛɟ ɥɩɾɧɠɱɷ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦɮ Ɋɛɪɛ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɣɤ Ȼɦɠɥ ɬɛɨɟɫ ȲȲ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɭɣ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɝɪɦɣɝɮ ɛɨɞɦʀɤ ɬɷɥɮ ɱɠɫɥɝɮ ɟɛɝ ɜɦɛɞɩɬɦɩɝɠɨɨɺ Ƚʀɦɷɞɠɦɷɧɩɝʀ Ƚɩɬɠɨɣ ɫ ɝɠɦɣɥɛ ɛɫɧʀɺ ɞɠɫɱɩɞɛ ɝɭɩɫɞɦɛɬɺ ɟɩ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɡɩɝɭɨɺ ɫ Ƚʀɦɷɞɠɦɷɧ ɫɩɢɜɣɝ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɮ ɛɫɧʀɹ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɢ ɨɩɝɣɧ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ Ⱦɛɫɩɦɷɟɩɧ ɮ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɪʀɟ Ⱦɛɬɭʀɨɞɬɩɧ Ʌɩɫɩɦɷ Ⱦɛɫɩɦɷɟ ɢɛɞɣɨɮɝ ɮ ɜɩɹ Ȼɫɧʀɺ ɨɩɫ ɧɛɨɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɠɫɱɩɞɛ ɝɬɭɮɪɣɦɛ ɟɩ Ɇɩɨɟɩɨɛ ɟɠ ɞɫɮɟɨɺ Ƚʀɦɷɞɠɦɷɧ ɂɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥ ɫ ɝʀɨ ɬɭɛɝ ɨɩɝɣɧ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɪʀɟ ʀɧɠɨɠɧ Ƚʀɦɷ ɞɠɦɷɧɛ Ȳ ɂɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥɛ ²

Ȼɨɞɦɩɬɛɥɬɩɨɬɷɥɛ ɢɨɛɭɷ ɴɩ ɨɠ ɝɣɢɨɛɦɛ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɮɭɫɛɭɣɦɛ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ȳɰ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɦɣ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɩ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɟɬɷɥʀ ɢɛɞɛɫɜɨɣɥɣ Ɍɛɧ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɬɭɛɝ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɧ ɢɠɧɦɠɝɦɛɬɨɣɥɩɧ ɮ ɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɭɛ ɨɛɟɛɝɛɝ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɪɫɣɜʀɲɨɣɥɛɧ ³ ɜɛ ɫɩɨɛɧ Ɉɛ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɫɣɜʀɲɨɣɥʀɝ ɝʀɨ ɢɛɧʀɨɣɝ ʀ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɛɭ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ

Ȼɨɞɦʀɺ

² ɜɚɫɚɥ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ ɚɥɟ ɧɟ Ȼɚɪɨɧ ɫɩɚɞɤɨɜɢɣ Ʌɩɫɩɦɷ ʀ ɜɛɫɩɨɣ ɝɥɫɣɦɣ ɝɬɹ Ȼɨɞɦʀɹ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɣɧɣ ɢɛɧɥɛɧɣ Ɏ ɬɛɧɩɧɮ Ɇɩɨɟɩɨʀ ɨɛ ɜɠɫɠɢʀ ɍɠɧɢɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɩ ɪɩɰɧɮɫɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɢɛɧɩɥ ɍɛɮɠɫ ɴɩ ɬɭɛɝ ɬɣɧɝɩɦɩɧ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫʀɝ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ Ƚɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɧɛɝ ɪɫɩɝɠɟɠɨɣɤ ɢɛ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɧ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɫ ɪɠɫɠɪɣɬ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ȳɢ ɡɛɰɩɧ ɟɣɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɍɛɮɠɫ Ɇɩɨɟɩɨ ɦɹɟɣ ɨɛ ɱɹ ɟɣɝɩɝɣɡɨɮ ʀ ɨɠɢɝɣɲɨɮ ɛɥɱʀɹ ɝɜɛɲɛɹɲɣ ɮ ɨʀɤ ɢɝʀɬɭɥɮ ɪɫɩ ɨɛɜɦɣɡɠɨɨɺ ɥʀɨɱɺ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ɍɥɦɛɟɠɨʀ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɪɠɫɠɪɣɬɮ ɬɪɣɬɥɣ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɦɣ ɨɛɢɝɮ ©Ʌɨɣɞɣ Ɍɭɫɛɳɨɩɞɩ ɬɮɟɮª ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɣ ɴɩ ɥɩɦɣ ɪɫɣɤɟɠ ɐɫɣɬɭɩɬ ɝʀɨ ɬɮɟɣɭɣɧɠ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɢɛ ɭɛɥɩɹ ɬɛɧɩɹ ɥɨɣɞɩɹ Ɉɛɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɧɠɭɛ ɪɠɫɠɪɣɬɮ ɪɩɦɺɞɛɦɛ ɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩɜ ɢ·ɺɬɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɪɦɛɭɨɣɥʀɝ ɪɩɟɛɭɥʀɝ ʀɬɨɮɾ ɝ ɥɫɛʁɨʀ ȼɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɺɥʀ ɟɩ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɜɮɦɣ ɝʀɦɷɨɣɧɣ Ɍɭɩɫʀɨɥɣ ɢ ©Ʌɨɣɞɣ ɢɛɪɣɬɛɦɣ ɟɩ ©Ʌɨɣɞɣ Ɍɭɫɛɳɨɩɞɩ ɬɮɟɮª ɺɥ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɣɰ Ɍɭɫɛɳɨɩɞɩ ɬɮɟɮª ɀɪɩɰɮ Ƚʀɦɷɞɠɦɷɧɛ Ȳ ɂɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥɛ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɭɣ ©ɨɩɫɧɛɨɟɬɷɥɣɧ ɫɛɜɬɭɝɩɧª Ɍɪɩɥʀɤ ɮ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɛɨʀɤ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ Ƚʀɦɷɞɠɦɷɧ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɣɝ ɡɩɫɬɭɩɥɣɧɣ ɢɛɰɩɟɛɧɣ ɂɛ ɝɜɣɝɬɭɝɩ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɟɱɺ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɝ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɮ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɮɬʀɰ ɧɠɳɥɛɨɱʀɝ ɬɠɦɛ ɛɜɩ ɱʀɦɩʁ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩɬɭʀ ɟɠ ɱɠ ɬɭɛɦɩɬɺ Ȳɢ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɮ ɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɢɛɪɛɨɮɝɛɝ ɧɣɫ ɪɫɣɪɣɨɣɦɣɬɺ ɟɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɨɛɜʀɞɣ ɭɛ ɮɬɩɜɣɱʀ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɂɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɹ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ Ƚʀɦɷɞɠɦɷɧ ɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɝ ɪɩɫɺɟɩɥ ɢɛ ɺɥɣɧ ɮɬʀ ɝɛɬɛɦɣ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɺɦɣɬɺ ɨɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɛɧ ɛ ɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɹ Ɉɛ ɝɣɧɩɞɮ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɥɩɡɠɨ ɫɣɱɛɫ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨɩ ɝʀɟ ɭɩɞɩ ɲɣʁɧ ɝɛɬɛɦɩɧ ɝʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɪɩɝɣɨɠɨ ɜɮɝ ɨɠɬɭɣ ɬɦɮɡɜɮ ɝ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɮ Ɋɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ Ȳ ɺɥʀ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝ Ƚʀɦɷɞɠɦɷɧ Ȳ ɪɩɬɣɦɣɦɣ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɮ ɝɦɛɟɮ ʀ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ Ȼɨɞɦʀɹ ɨɛ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦʀɢɩɝɛɨɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ Ƚʀɦɷɞɠɦɷɧ Ȳ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɝ ɧʀɱɨɣɤ ɛɪɛɫɛɭ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɹ Ʌɫɛʁɨɛ ɪɩɟʀɦɺɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɞɫɛɯɬɭɝɛ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɺɥɣɰ ɬɭɩɺɦɣ ɳɠɫɣɯɣ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɠɨʀ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ ɓɠɫɣɯɣ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɦɣ ɢɛ ɢɜʀɫ ɪɩɟɛɭɥʀɝ ɟɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɬɥɛɫɜɨɣɱʀ ɪɫɩɝɛɟɣɦɣ ɬɮɟɩɲɣɨɬɭɝɩ ɤ ɮɪɫɛɝɦɺɦɣ ɞɫɛɯɬɭɝɛɧɣ ɝʀɟ ʀɧɠɨʀ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

ɂɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɺ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ʀ ɪɫɣ ɪɣɨɠɨɨɺ ɮɬɩɜɣɱɷ ɮ ɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɩ ɢɫɩɬ ɭɛɨɨɹ ɧʀɬɭ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ Ɇɩɨɟɩɨ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɣɤ ɱɠɨɭɫ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ Ȼɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɥɮɪɱʀ ɪɫɩɟɛɝɛ ɦɣ ɝɩɝɨɮ ɺɥɛ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɬɭɛɝɛɦɛ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɧ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭɩɧ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨɷɩʁ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ Ɋɩɦʀɭɣɥɮ ɢɛɪɩɲɛɭɥɩɝɛɨɮ Ƚʀɦɷɞɠɦɷ ɧɩɧ Ȳ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɣɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɩɦɩɟɳɣɤ ɬɣɨ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ Ȳ ² ɂɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɝ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨʀ ɥɫɛʁɨɩɹ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɝɛɭɣ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɛ Ʌɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɛ ɫɛɟɛ ȿɩ ɨɠʁ ɝɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɝɣɴʀ ɪɩɬɛɟɩɝʀ ɩɬɩɜɣ ɟɠɫ ɡɛɝɣ ³ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɥɛɫɜɨɣɥ ɥɠɫʀɝɨɣɥ ɥɛɨɱɠɦɺɫʀʁ ɬɮɟɟʀ ɭɛ ɝʀɫɨʀ ɥɩɫɩɦɹ ɪɫɠɟ ɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɣ ɢɨɛɭʀ Ƚɣɴɩɹ ɬɮɟɩɝɩɹ ʀɨɬɭɛɨɱʀɾɹ ɝ ɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɬɭɛɝ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɟʀɹɲɣɤ Ɍɮɟ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɦɛɝɣ ɂɛ ɟɩɫɮɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɬɮɟɟʀ ʁɢɟɣɦɣ ɞɫɛɯɬɭɝɛɧɣ ʀ ɫɩɢɜɣɫɛɦɣ ɭɛɧ ɬɮɟɩɝʀ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ ȼɮɦɩ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɤ ɥɛɢɨɛɲɠɤɬɭɝɩ ɴɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɩɬɺ Ɋɛɦɛɭɩɹ ɳɛ ɰɩɝɩʁ ɟɩɳɥɣ Ƚɩɨɩ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɦɩ ɢɛ ɨɛɟɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɟɛɭɥʀɝ ɉɭɡɠ ɝɨɛɬɦʀɟɩɥ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɝ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɪɩɬɣɦɣɦɛɬɺ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɛ ɝɦɛɟɛ ʀ ɪɩɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦʀɢɩɝɛɨɩʁ ɟɠɫ ɡɛɝɣ X ɍ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɪɨɰɿ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɨɫɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɧɞɫɶɤɟ ɡɚɜɨɸɜɚɧɧɹ Ⱥɧɝɥɿʀ" Ⱦɟ ɫɬɚɥɚɫɹ ɜɢɪɿɲɚɥɶɧɚ ɛɢɬɜɚ" X Ⱦɥɹ ɱɨɝɨ ɛɭɥɚ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɚ ©Ʉɧɢɝɚ ɋɬɪɚɲɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɞɭª" Ȼɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɬɥɛɫɜɨɣɱɺ ɩɭ ɫɣɧɛɦɛ ɨɛɢɝɮ Ɋɛɦɛɭɛ ɳɛ ɰɩɝɩʁ ɟɩɳɥɣ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɬɣɬɭɠɧʀ ɪʀɟ ɫɛɰɮɨɥɮ ɞɫɩɳɠɤ Ƚɠɦɣɥʀ ɬɭɩɦɣ ɝ ɪɛɦɛɭʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɠɫɠɟʀɦɠɨɩ ɦʀɨʀɺɧɣ ɨɛ ɬɧɮɞɣ Ɉɛ ɨɣɰ ɝ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɧɮ ɪɩɫɺɟ ɥɮ ɫɩɢɥɦɛɟɛɦɣɬɺ ɤ ɪɠɫɠɬɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɬɭɩɝɪɲɣɥɣ ɧɩɨɠɭ ɍɛɥɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɨɛ ɞɛɟɮɝɛɦɛ ɞɫɮ ɝ ɳɛɰɣ ɢɝʀɟɥɣ ʀ ɝɣɨɣ ɥɦɛ ɨɛɢɝɛ ɪɛɦɛɭɣ

Ȼ ɭɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ« ² ɫɫ ³ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɛ ɇɩɨɩɧɛɰɛ

Ɋɠɫɳʀ Ɋɦɛɨɭɛʊɠɨɠɭɣ Ɋɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰɛ Ȳ ɺɥɣɤ ɨɠ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɝ ɨɛɴɛɟɥɛ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦɮ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɛɬɺ ɧʀɡ ɮɬɩɜɣɱɺ ɺɥɛ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɛ ɟɝɛɟɱɺɭɷ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɂɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɜɠɢɝɦɛɟɟɺ ɝ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɣɪɣɨɠɨɩ Ɋɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɝ ɩɨɮɥ Ⱦɠɨɫʀ ɰɛ Ȳ ɧɩɦɩɟɣɤ ɞɫɛɯ ɛɨɡɮɤɬɷɥɣɤ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ ɴɩ ɢɛɪɩɲɛɭɥɮɝɛɝ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀɹ Ɋɦɛɨɭɛʊɠɨɠɭʀɝ ɺɥɛ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɛ ɥɫɛʁɨɩɹ ɟɩ ɥʀɨɱɺ ;,9 ɬɭ Ƚʀɨ ɪɫɛɝɣɝ ɪʀɟ ʀɧ·ɺɧ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ ȲȲ Ɋɦɛɨɭɛʊɠɨɠɭ ²

ɉɨɫɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ

Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ ,, Ɋɦɛɨɭɛʊɠɨɠɭ

Ƚɟɧɪɿɯ ȱȱ ɉɥɚɧɬɚʉɟɧɟɬ ɜɿɞɿɝɪɚɜ ɜɟɥɢɤɭ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ Ⱥɧɝɥɿʀ Ƀɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɢ ɞɨɧɶɤɚ Ƚɟɧɪɿɯɚ ȱ ɛɭɥɚ ɞɪɭɠɢɧɨɸ ɝɪɚɮɚ ɚɧɠɭɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɀɨɮɪɭɚ ɉɥɚɧɬɚʉɟɧɟɬɚ ɰɟ ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳɟ ɜɿɧ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɜ ɜɿɞ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɧɚɡɜɢ ɪɨɫɥɢɧɢ ©ɩɥɚɧɬɚ ʉɟɧɿɫɬɚª ɹɤɨɸ ɩɨɥɸɛɥɹɜ ɩɪɢɤɪɚɲɚɬɢ ɫɜɿɣ ɲɨɥɨɦ Ɂɚ ɫɜɿɞɱɟɧɧɹɦɢ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ Ƚɟɧɪɿɯ ȱȱ ɛɭɜ ɥɸɞɢɧɨɸ ɦɿɰɧɨʀ

Ȼɨɞɦʀɺ

ɫɬɚɬɭɪɢ ɡ ɛɢɱɚɱɨɸ ɲɢɽɸ ɿ ɪɭɤɚɦɢ ɫɢɥɚɱɚ ȼɿɧ ɦɚɜ ɧɟɜɪɿɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɿ ɜɢɛɭɯɨɜɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ Ƚɟɧɪɿɯ ɦɿɝ ɛɭɬɢ ɞɨɛɪɢɦ ɳɟɞɪɢɦ ɜɿɞɜɟɪɬɢɦ ɚɥɟ ɤɨɥɢ ɳɨɫɶ ɞɪɚɬɭɜɚɥɨ ɣɨɝɨ ɿ ɧɟ ɛɭɥɨ ɞɨ ɜɩɨɞɨɛɢ ² ɩɟɪɟɬɜɨɪɸɜɚɜɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɨɡɥɸɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɪɚɧɚ Ƀɨɝɨ ɝɧɿɜ ɳɨɩɪɚɜɞɚ ɲɜɢɞɤɨ ɦɢɧɚɜ ɿ ɤɨɪɨɥɶ ɡɧɨɜɭ ɫɬɚɜɚɜ ɞɨɛɪɨɡɢɱɥɢɜɨɸ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɢɜɨɸ ɥɸɞɢɧɨɸ Ƚɟɧɪɿɯ ȱȱ ɦɚɜ ɧɟɚɛɢɹɤɭ ɨɫɜɿɬɭ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɜ ɲɿɫɬɶɦɚ ɦɨɜɚɦɢ ɿ ɜɢɧɹɬɤɨɜɨ ɞɨɛɪɭ ɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɶ Ⱦɨ ɜɢɲɭɤɚɧɨʀ ʀɠɿ ɱɢ ɪɨɡɤɿɲɧɨɝɨ ɜɛɪɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɪɨɥɶ ɛɭɜ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɛɚɣɞɭɠɢɦ ɧɚɬɨɦɿɫɬɶ ɭ ɫɩɪɚɜɚɯ ɜɢɹɜɥɹɜ ɧɚɩɨɥɟɝɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɿ ɪɿɲɭɱɿɫɬɶ Ƚɟɧɪɿɯ ȱȱ ɛɭɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɜɟɥɢɱɟɡɧɢɯ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɶ Ⱦɨ ʀɯ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɤɪɿɦ Ⱥɧɝɥɿʀ ɬɚ ɇɨɪɦɚɧɞɿʀ ɜɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɫɩɚɞɤɨɜɿ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɭ Ɏɪɚɧɰɿʀ ² Ⱥɧɠɭ ɉɭɚɬɭ Ɍɭɪɟɧɶ ɬɚ ɿɧ ɉɿɫɥɹ ɨɞɪɭɠɟɧɧɹ ɡ ȿɥɟɨɧɨɪɨɸ Ⱥɤɜɿɬɚɧɫɶɤɨɸ ɜɿɧ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɜ ɿ ʀʀ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɜɭ Ƚɟɧɪɿɯɚ ȱȱ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɤɢ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɥɢ ©Ⱥɧɠɭɣɫɶɤɨɸ ɿɦɩɟɪɿɽɸª Ɏɬʀ ɬɝɩʁ ɬɣɦɣ ɨɠɝɭɩɧɨɣɤ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ ȲȲ ɪɩɥɦɛɝ ɨɛ ɭɠ ɴɩɜ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɭɣ ɝ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ ɧʀɱ ɨɮ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɮ ɝɦɛɟɮ Ƚʀɨ ɨɛɥɛɢɛɝ ɢɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɭɣ ɢɛɧɥɣ ɯɠɩɟɛɦʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɜɫɛɦɣ ɛɥɭɣɝ ɨɮ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɮ ɧʀɡɮɬɩɜɨʀɤ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɉɟɨɩɲɛɬɨɩ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ ȲȲ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝ ɮ ɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɫɠɯɩɫɧɣ Ɋɩɲɛɭɩɥ ʁɧ ɪɩɥɦɛɦɛ ɬɮɟɩɝɛ ɫɠɯɩɫɧɛ Ʌɩɡɨɛ ɝʀɦɷɨɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɝ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɦɛ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɢɛ ɪɠɝɨɮ ɪɦɛɭɮ ɢɝɠɫɭɛɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɮɟɮ ɩɧɣɨɛɹɲɣ ɬɮɟ ɜɛɫɩɨʀɝ Ʌɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥʀ ɬɮɟɟʀ ɴɩ ʁɢɟɣɦɣ ɥɫɛʁɨɩɹ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɢɞɦɺɟɮ ɬɪɫɛɝ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ ɢɛɦɮɲɛɦɣ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɣɰ ɪɫɣɬɺɡɨɣɰ Ɉɣɧɣ ɬɭɛɝɛɦɣ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɣɰ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɣ ɪɫɣɬɺ ɞɮ ɨɛ ȼʀɜɦʀʁ ɴɩ ɲɠɬɨɩ ɝɠɬɭɣɧɮɭɷ ɬɪɫɛɝɮ ɂɛɝɠɫɳɣɝɳɣ ɫɩɢɬɦʀɟɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɬɺɡɨʀ ɟɩɪɩɝʀɟɛɦɣ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɬɮɟɟʀ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɛɝ ɥɛɫɮ ɝɣɨɨɩɧɮ ɛɜɩ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɺɝ ɨɠ ɝɣɨɨɩɞɩ ɍɛɥ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɪɩɲɛɭɥɩɝɛɨɩ ɝɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɮɟɮ ɪɫɣɬɺɡɨɣɰ ɴɩ ɟʀɾ ɤ ɢɛɫɛɢ ɝ ɟɠɧɩɥɫɛɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɪɫɩɝɠɟɠɨɨɹ ɬɮɟɩɝɩʁ ɫɠɯɩɫɧɣ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ ȲȲ ɢɟɩɜɮɝ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɮ ɟɫʀɜɨɣɰ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ ɬɠɦɺɨ ɧʀɴɛɨ ɺɥʀ ɝɜɛɲɛɦɣ ɝ ɨɷɩɧɮ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɢɛɰɣɬɨɣ ɥɛ ȿɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɮɟʀɝ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɩɧ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɪɫɣɜɮɭɥʀɝ ɬɥɛɫɜɨɣɱʀ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ ȲȲ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɝ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝɮ ɫɠɯɩɫɧɮ Ɍɦɮɡɜɛ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ ɮ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɮ ɺɥ ɝɛɬɛɦʀɝ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɩɜɧɠɡɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɪɠɝɨɩɹ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɹ ɟɨʀɝ ɨɛ ɫʀɥ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ ȲȲ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɺɝ ɟɠɺɥɣɧ ɫɣɱɛɫɺɧ ɨɠ ɬɦɮɡɣɭɣ ɮ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɮ ɢɛ ɱɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɹ ©ɴɣ ɭɩɝʀ ɞɫɩɳʀª ɨɛ ɺɥʀ ɮɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɨɛɤɧɛɨɠ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɴɩ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɢɧɠɨɳɣɦɩ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɝʀɟ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɣɰ ɯɠɩɟɛɦʀɝ Ƚɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɩ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɠ ɩɪɩɦɲɠɨɨɺ ɥɩɡɨɛ ɝʀɦɷɨɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɢɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɛ ɧɛɭɣ ɢɜɫɩɹ ʀ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɭɣɬɺ ɢ ɨɠɹ ɟɦɺ ɮɲɛɬɭʀ ɝ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝ ɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟɛɰ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ ȲȲ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɝɬɺ ɪɩɬɭɛɝɣɭɣ ɪʀɟ ɬɝʀɤ ɥɩɨɭɫɩɦɷ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɮ ɱɠɫɥɝɮ ɛɦɠ ɢɛɢɨɛɝ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ Ȼɫɰʀɾɪɣɬɥɩɪ ɥɠɨɭɠɫɜɠɫʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɍɩɧɛɬ ȼɠɥɠɭ ɺɥɣɤ ɩɲɩɦɹɝɛɝ ɱɠɫ ɥɝɮ ɝ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɫʀɳɮɲɠ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɣɝ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɟɩɧɛɞɛɨɷ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ʌɩɦɣ ȼɠɥɠɭɛ ɢɛ ɭɛɾɧɨɣɧ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɧ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɜɣɭɩ ɍɩɧɛɬ ȼɠɥɠɭ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

ɮ ɬɪɫɛɝɮ ɝɭɫɮɭɣɝɬɺ ɪɛɪɛ Ɋʀɟ ɢɛɞɫɩɢɩɹ ɝʀɟɦɮɲɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ ȲȲ ɝɣɧɮɳɠ ɨɣɤ ɜɮɝ ɪɩɥɛɺɭɣɬɺ ɤ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɣɭɣɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɦɛɨʀɝ ɴɩɟɩ ɫɠɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰɛ ȲȲ Ɋɦɛɨɭɛʊɠɨɠɭɛ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɩɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɝɣɟɛɭɨʀɳɣɰ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɛ ɛɨɞɦɩ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɛ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɬɣɦ ɟɦɺ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɨɠɹ ʀ ɢɛ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɥʀɝ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰɛ ȲȲ ³ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɣɨʀɝ ɋʀɲɛɫ ɟɛ Ȳ Ɇɠɝɩɝɠ Ɍɠɫɱɠ ² ɫɫ ɭɛ Ȳɩɛɨɨɛ ȼɠɢɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɩɞɩ ² ɫɫ

ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɦɛ X əɤɿ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɢɜ Ƚɟɧɪɿɯ ȱȱ ɉɥɚɧɬɚʉɟɧɟɬ"

©Ƚɠɦɣɥɛ ɰɛɫɭʀɺ ɝɩɦɷɨɩɬɭɠɤª Ɍɦɛɝɨɩɢɝʀɬɨɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɋʀɲɛɫɟ Ȳ Ɇɠɝɩɝɠ Ɍɠɫɱɠ ɜɮɝ ɜɦɣɬɥɮɲɣɧ ɪɩɦɥɩɝɩɟɱɠɧ ɭɛɦɛɨɩɝɣɭɣɧ ɪɩɠɭɩɧ ʀ ɧɮɢɣ ɥɛɨɭɩɧ ɛɦɠ ɢɛ ɝɬɠ ɬɝɩɾ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɝ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɝʀɨ ɪɫɩɝʀɝ ɦɣɳɠ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɧʀɬɺɱʀɝ ȼɛɡɛɨɨɺ ɢɟɩɜɮɭɣ ɬɦɛɝɮ ɳɭɩɝɰɛɦɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɩ ɮɲɛɬɭʀ ɝ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟɛɰ ɛɜɩ ɝʀɤɨ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ Ɋɫɣɬɝɺɭɣɝ ɮɬɠ ɬɝɩɾ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɩ ɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɥ Ȳɩɛɨɨ ȼɠɢɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɣɤ Ɏ ɝʀɤɨʀ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɏʀɦʀɪɪɛ ȲȲ Ȼɝɞɮɬɭɛ ɝʀɨ ɢɛɢɨɛɝɛɝ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ɢɛ ɪɩɫɛɢ ɥɩɹ ʀ ɝɫɠɳɭʀ ɫɠɳɭ ɮɭɫɛɭɣɝ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɰ ɝɩ ɦɩɟʀɨɷ Ȳɩɛɨɨ ȼɠɢɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɣɤ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ʀ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɪɛɪɣ ɛɦɠ ɭɛɥɩɡ ʁʁ ɪɫɩɞɫɛɝ Ƚʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɝɣɢɨɛɭɣ ɬɠɜɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɛɬɛɦɩɧ ʀ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɤɩɧɮ ɴɩɫʀɲɨɮ ɟɛɨɣɨɮ ɝ Ȳɩɛɨɨ ȼɠɢɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɣɤ ɫɩɢɧʀɫʀ ɯɮɨɭʀɝ ɬɭɠɫɦʀɨɞʀɝ Ɋɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɟɛɭɥʀɝ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ ɪɩɜɩɫɣ ɲɣɨɩɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɭɛ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝ ɬɷɥʀ ɨɠɝɟɛɦʀ ɛɝɛɨɭɹɫɣ ɝɣɥɦɣɥɛɦɣ ɨɠɝɟɩɝɩɦɠɨɨɺ ɝ ɥɫɛʁɨʀ Ƚɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɜɛɫɩɨɣ ɝʀɟɲɮɝɳɣ ɪɩɬɦɛɜɦɠɨɨɺ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢɛ ɬɝɩʁ ɪɫɛɝɛ Ɋɫɣɝɩɟɩɧ ɟɩ ɨɠʁ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɳɠɨɨɺ Ȳɩɛɨɨɩɧ ȼɠɢɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɣɧ ɮ ɫ ɪʀɟɞɩɭɩɝɥɣ ɲɠɫɞɩɝɩʁ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɋɣɱɛɫʀ ɨɠ ɰɩɭʀɦɣ ɜɫɛɭɣ ɝ ɨʀɤ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ʁʁ ɜɠɢɨɛɟʀɤɨɩɹ ʀ ɝɦʀɭɥɮ ɫ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ Ʌɠɫɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɣ ɬɭɮɪɩɧ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɜɛɫɩɨɣ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ Ɋɩɝɬɭɛɨɱʀ ɫɮɳɣɦɣ ɨɛ Ɇɩɨɟɩɨ ʀ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɛ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɣ ɧʀɴɛɨ Ȳɩɛɨɨ ȼɠɢɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɣɤ ɮɢɺɭɣɤ ɮ ɪɩɦɩɨ ɜɮɝ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɣ ɝɣɧɩɞɣ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɱʀɝ ʀ ɪʀɟɪɣɬɛɭɣ ɲɠɫɝɨɺ ɫ ɬɥɦɛɟɠɨɮ ɜɛɫɩɨɛɧɣ Ƚɠɦɣɥɮ ɰɛɫɭʀɹ ɝɩɦɷɨɩɬɭɠɤ ɐɛɫɭʀɺ ɮ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɟʀ ɢ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɞɫɠɱ ³ ɛɫɥɮɳ ɪɛɪʀɫɮɬɮ ɧʀɬɭɣɦɛ ɬɭɛɭɭʀ ɪɠɫɠ ɝɛɡɨɛ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɺɥɣɰ ɢɛɰɣɴɛɦɛ ʀɨɭɠɫɠɬɣ ɜɛɫɩɨʀɝ ɭɛ ɩɜɧɠɡɮɝɛɦɛ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ȳɩɛɨɨ ȼɠɢɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɣɤ ɩɟɫɛɢɮ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɪʀɟɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ ɐɛɫɭʀʁ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɣɝɬɺ ʁʁ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛ ɭɣ ɉɜɮɫɠɨʀ ɜɛɫɩɨɣ ɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɦɣ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɢɜɛɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɋɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɛɬɺ ɝʀɤ ɨɛ ɮ ɫɩɢɪɛɦʀ ɺɥɩʁ Ȳɩɛɨɨ ȼɠɢɢɠɧɠɦɷɨɣɤ ɪɩɧɠɫ

Ȼɨɞɦʀɺ

Ɇɨɜɨɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ȼɢɬɹɝ ɿɡ ȼɟɥɢɤɨʀ ɯɚɪɬɿʀ ɜɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɉɨ ɩɟɪɲɟ ɦɢ ɞɚɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ Ȼɨɝɨɦ ɡɝɨɞɭ ɿ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɥɢ ɰɿɽɸ ɯɚɪɬɿɽɸ ɡɚ ɧɚɫ ɿ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɧɚɳɚɞɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɜɿɤɢ ɳɨɛ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɚ ɰɟɪɤɜɚ ɛɭɥɚ ɜɿɥɶɧɚ ɭ ɩɨɜɧɿɣ ɦɿɪɿ ɣ ɧɟɞɨɬɨɪɤɚɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɥɚ ɫɜɨʀɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɚɦɢ ɿ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɚɦɢ Ⱥɧɿ ɳɢɬɨɜɿ ɝɪɨɲɿ ɚɧɿ ɛɭɞɶ ɹɤɿ ɿɧɲɿ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɫɬɹɝɭɜɚɬɢ ɜ ɧɚɲɨɦɭ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɬɜɿ ɿɧɚɤɲɟ ɧɿɠ ɡɚ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɪɚɞɨɸ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɲɨɝɨ« Ɇɿɫɬɨ Ʌɨɧɞɨɧ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɨ ɦɚɬɢ ɜɫɿ ɫɬɚɪɨɞɚɜɧɿ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɢ ɿ ɜɿɥɶɧɿ ɫɜɨʀ ɡɜɢɱɚʀ ɹɤ ɧɚ ɫɭɯɨɞɨɥɿ ɬɚɤ ɿ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɿ Ʉɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ ɦɢ ɛɚɠɚɽɦɨ ɿ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽɦɨ ɳɨɛɢ ɜɫɿ ɿɧɲɿ ɦɿɫɬɚ ɿ ɛɭɪɝɢ ɿ ɦɿɫɬɟɱɤɚ ɿ ɩɨɪɬɢ ɦɚɥɢ ɜɫɿ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɢ ɿ ɜɿɥɶɧɿ ɫɜɨʀ ɡɜɢɱɚʀ ɓɨɛɢ ɦɚɬɢ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɭ ɪɚɞɭ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɧɨɜɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ ɱɢ ɨɛɤɥɚɞɟɧɧɹ ɳɢɬɨɜɢɦɢ ɝɪɿɲɦɢ ɦɢ ɧɚɤɚɠɟɦɨ ɫɤɥɢɤɚɬɢ ɚɪɯɿɽɩɢɫɤɨɩɿɜ ɽɩɢɫɤɨɩɿɜ ɚɛɚɬɿɜ ɝɪɚɮɿɜ ɫɬɚɪɲɢɯ ɛɚɪɨɧɿɜ ɧɚɲɢɦɢ ɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɪɟɦɨ ɿ ɤɪɿɦ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɧɚɤɚɠɟɦɨ ɫɤɥɢɤɚɬɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɲɟɪɢɮɿɜ ɬɚ ɛɟɣɥɿɮɿɜ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɭɫɿɯ ɬɢɯ ɯɬɨ ɦɚɽ ɡɟɦɥɿ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɜɿɞ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɇɿɤɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɩɪɢɦɭɲɭɜɚɬɢ ɧɟɫɬɢ ɛɿɥɶɲɭ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ ɡɚ ɫɜɿɣ ɪɢɰɚɪɫɶɤɢɣ ɥɟɧ ɚɛɨ ɿɧɲɟ ɜɿɥɶɧɟ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɧɧɹ ɧɿɠ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ȼɿɥɶɧɚ ɥɸɞɢɧɚ ɛɭɞɟ ɲɬɪɚɮɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɡɚ ɞɪɿɛɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɭɩɨɤ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɭɩɤɭ ɚ ɡɚ ɛɿɥɶɲɢɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɭɩɨɤ ɛɭɞɟ ɲɬɪɚɮɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɣɨɝɨ ɬɹɠɤɨɫɬɿ ɩɪɢɱɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɨ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɬɨɪɤɚɧɧɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɟ ɦɚɣɧɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɱɚ« ɀɨɞɧɚ ɜɿɥɶɧɚ ɥɸɞɢɧɚ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟ ɡɚɚɪɟɲɬɨɜɚɧɚ ɭɜ¶ɹɡɧɟɧɚ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɚɛɨ ɨɝɨɥɨɲɟɧɚ ɩɨɡɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɚɛɨ ɜɿɞɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɭ ɜɢɝɧɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɡɧɟɞɨɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɛɭɞɶ ɹɤɢɣ ɿɧɲɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ ɿ ɦɢ ɧɟ ɩɿɞɟɦɨ ɧɚ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɿɧɚɤɲɟ ɧɿɠ ɡɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɢɦ ɜɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɪɿɜɧɢɯ ɰɿɣ ɥɸɞɢɧɿ ɬɚ ɡɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɇɿɤɨɦɭ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɦɨ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɿ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɧɿɤɨɦɭ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɦɨ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɥɹɬɢ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɿ ɭɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɸɜɚɬɢ ʀɯ ɍɫɿ ɤɭɩɰɿ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɦɚɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜɿɥɶɧɨ ɬɚ ɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨ ɜɢʀɡɞɢɬɢ ɡ Ⱥɧɝɥɿʀ ɬɚ ɜ¶ʀɡɞɢɬɢ ɞɨ ɧɟʀ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɬɢ ɿ ʀɡɞɢɬɢ Ⱥɧɝɥɿɽɸ ɹɤ ɫɭɯɨɞɨɥɨɦ ɬɚɤ ɿ ɜɨɞɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɳɨɛɢ ɤɭɩɭɜɚɬɢ ɿ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɚɬɢ ɛɟɡ ɛɭɞɶ ɹɤɢɯ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɢɯ ɦɢɬ ɫɩɥɚɱɭɸɱɢ ɥɢɲɟ ɫɬɚɪɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɬɚ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɿ ɡɜɢɱɚɽɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɦɢɬɚ ɡɚ ɜɢɧɹɬɤɨɦ ɜɨɽɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ əɤɿ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚɞɚɜɚɜ ɤɨɪɨɥɶ ɏɚɪɬɿɽɸ ɪɿɡɧɢɦ ɜɟɪɫɬɜɚɦ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ" əɤɿ ɡ ɰɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɜɢ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɟ ɧɚɣɜɚɠɥɢɜɿɲɢɦɢ ɿ ɱɨɦɭ"

Ɋɫɣɤɨɺɭɭɺ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɰɛɫɭʀʁ ɝɩɦɷɨɩɬɭɠɤ ɧɛɦɩ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɠ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ Ɏ ɬɭɛɭɭʀ ɝɪɠɫɳɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɳɠɨɩ ɪɫɣɨɱɣɪ ɺɥɣɤ ɮ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɧɮ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɝɣ ɧɩɞɮ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɇɩɡɦɣɝɩ ɬɛɧɠ ɭɩɧɮ ɐɛɫɭʀɹ ɝɝɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɪɠɫɳɣɧ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɟɩɥɮɧɠɨɭɩɧ ɴɩ ɪʀɟɭɝɠɫɟɣɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ X ɑɨɦɭ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ ȱɨɚɧɧɚ ɩɪɨɡɜɚɥɢ Ȼɟɡɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɢɦ" X Ʉɨɥɢ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɨ ȼɟɥɢɤɭ ɯɚɪɬɿɸ ɜɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ"

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

Ȼ ɭɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ« ɫ ³ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ Ƚɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɫ ³ Ɍɪʀɳɬɷɥɛ ɮɞɩɟɛ ɧʀɡ Ɋɩɦɷɴɠɹ ʀ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɩɹ ɢɛ ɺɥɩɹ Ⱦɛɦɣ ɲɣɨɛ ɝʀɟɰɩɟɣɦɛ ɟɩ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɷɩʁ

ɂɛɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɛɫɦɛɧɠɨɭɮ Ɉɩɝɣɧ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɜɛɫɩɨɣ ɝɣɢɨɛɦɣ ɧɛɦɩɦʀɭɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɣɨɛ Ȳɩɛɨɨɛ ³ Ⱦɠɨɫʀ ɰɛ ȲȲȲ ² Ɍɦɛɜɥɣɤ ɭɛ ɜɠɢɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɣɤ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ ȲȲȲ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɝ ɪʀɟ ɲɣʁɧɩɬɷ ɝɪɦɣɝɩɧ ɪɩɪɠɫɝɛɰ ɨɠɪɩɝɨɩɦʀɭɨʀɧ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ ɥɠɫɮɝɛɦɣ ɜɛɫɩɨɣ ɛ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɩɟɫɮɡɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɝ ɪʀɟ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɫɩɟɣɲʀɝ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɣ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɡɠɨɥɣ Ƚʀɨ ɫɩɢɟɛɝɛɝ ʀɨɩɢɠɧɱɺɧ ɪɩɬɛɟɣ ɤ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɪɫɩɝɩɥɮɹɲɣ ɱɣɧ ɩɜɮɫɠɨɨɺ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɜɛ ɫɩɨʀɝ ɇʀɴɛɨɣ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ ɝʀɦɷɨʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɠɝɟɩɝɩɦɠɨʀ ɢɛɬɣɦɦɺɧ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝ ɬɷɥɣɰ ɲɣɨɩɝɨɣɥʀɝ ʀ ɬɮɟɟʀɝ Ɉɛɝɠɬɨʀ ɫ ɪɩɪɫɣ ɨɠɝɫɩ ɡɛɤ ʀ ɞɩɦɩɟ ɮ ɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɢɛɡɛɟɛɝ ɝʀɟ ɜɛɫɩɨʀɝ ɭɫɠɭɣɨɮ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɟɩɰɩɟʀɝ ɨɛ ɛɝɛɨɭɹɫɮ ʀɢ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ Ɍɣɱɣɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɍɩɟʀ ɜɛɫɩɨɣ ɥɛɭɠɞɩɫɣɲɨɩ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɣɦɣ ɥɩɫɩ ɦɹ ɝ ɞɫɩɳɛɰ ʀ ɢʀɜɫɛɦɣ ©ɬɥɛɡɠɨɮ ɫɛɟɮª ɺɥɛ ɪɩ ɬɮɭʀ ɪɠɫɠ ɜɫɛɦɛ ɝɦɛɟɮ Ȼɦɠ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɜɛɫɩɨʀɝ ɨɠ ɝɦɛɳɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɩ ʀɨɳʀ ɪɫɩɳɛɫɥɣ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɋɣɱɛɫʀ ɧʀɴɛɨɣ ɤ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɪɩ ɲɛɦɣ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɭɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɜɛɫɩɨʀɝ Ȼɨɞɦʀɹ ɩɰɩɪɣɦɛ ɞɫɩɧɛ ɟɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɝʀɤɨɛ Ɉɛ ɜʀɥ ɨɠɝɟɩɝɩɦɠɨɣɰ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɫɛɟɣ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɦɛ ʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɜɛɫɩɨʀɝ ɉɲɩɦɣɝ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ ɧʀɴɛɨ ʀ ɜɛɫɩɨʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɣɦɣ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ʀ ɫɛɟɣ Ɍɣɧɩɨ ɟɠ ɇɩɨɯɩɫ ɞɫɛɯ ɦɠɬɭɠɫɬɷɥɣɤ Ɉɛɝɠɬɨʀ ɫ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ ȲȲȲ ɝʀɨ ɫɩɢɜɣɝ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɮ ɛɫɧʀɹ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝ ɮ ɪɩɦɩɨ Ⱦɠɨɫʀ ɰɛ ȲȲȲ ɭɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɫɳɩɞɩ ɬɣɨɛ ɀɟɮɛɫɟɛ Ɉɛ ɟɠɺɥɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɝʀɨ ɬɭɛɝ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɠɧ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ³ ɦɩɫɟɩɧ ɪɫɩɭɠɥɭɩɫɩɧ ɬʀɲɨɺ ɫ ɮ Ƚɠɬɭɧʀɨɬɭɠɫʀ Ɍɣɧɩɨ ɟɠ ɇɩɨɯɩɫ ɮɪɠɫɳɠ ɢʀɜɫɛɝ ɫɛɟɮ ɨɛ ɺɥɮ ɩɥɫʀɧ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɝɣɴɩʁ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɩʁ ɭɛ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥɩʁ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɢɛɪɫɩɬɣɝ ɪɩ ɟɝɛ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ ɝʀɟ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɞɫɛɯɬɭɝɛ ʀ ɟɝɩɰ ɧʀɴɛɨ ɝʀɟ ɥɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɋɣɱɛɫʀɝ ɩɜɣɫɛɦɣ ɝɬʀ ɝʀɦɷɨʀ ɪɦɛɭɨɣɥɣ ɪɩɟɛɭɥʀɝ ɞɫɛɯɬɭɝɛ ɛ ɧʀɴɛɨ ³ ɩɫɞɛɨɣ ɬɛɧɩɝɫɺɟɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɧʀɬɭ ɑɺ ɫɛɟɛ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɦɛ ɨɛɢɝɮ ɪɛɫɦɛɧɠɨɭ ɝʀɟ ɯɫɛɨɱ SDUOHU ³ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɭɣ

ɍɛɥ ɮɪɠɫɳɠ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀɤ ɂɛɰʀɟɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɝɣɨɣɥ Ɍɣɧɩɨ ɟɠ ɇɩɨɯɩɫ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɩ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɱɷɥɣɤ ɩɫɞɛɨ ɝɦɛɟɣ

Ƚɪɨɦɚɞɹɧɫɶɤɚ ɜɿɣɧɚ ² ɜɿɣɧɚ ɦɿɠ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɹɧɚɦɢ ɨɞɧɿɽʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɹɤɿ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɿɚɦɟɬɪɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɥɟɠɧɢɯ ɩɨɝɥɹɞɿɜ ɿ ɹɤɢɯ ɧɟɦɨɠɥɢɜɨ ɩɪɢɦɢɪɢɬɢ

Ȼɨɞɦʀɺ

ȼɮɟɣɨɩɥ ɜɫɣɭɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɛɫɦɛɧɠɨɭɮ

ɉɚɪɥɚɦɟɧɬ ² ɫɬɚɧɨɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɶɤɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɡɝɨɞɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜ ɱɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɜɥɚɞɢ

Ʌɨɪɞ ² ɜɟɥɢɤɢɣ ɡɟɦɥɟɜɥɚɫɧɢɤ ɜ Ⱥɧɝɥɿʀ Ɋɠɫɠɧɩɞɛ ɨɛɟ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ ɨɠ ɪɫɣɪɣɨɣɦɛ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɝɩɨɛ ɨɛɝɪɛɥɣ ɬɪɛɦɛɰɨɮɦɛ ɢ ɨɩɝɩɹ ɬɣɦɩɹ Ɍɠɦɺɨɣ ɞɫɩɧɣɦɣ ɧɛɾɭɥɣ ɪɫɣɜʀɲɨɣɥʀɝ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɝʀɟɧɩɝ ɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɜɛɫɩɨʀɝ Ɉɛɦɺɥɛɨɛ ɫɩɢɞɩɫɭɛɨɨɺɧ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɜɛɫɩɨʀɝ ɪɠɫɠɤɳɦɛ ɨɛ ɜʀɥ ɪɫɣɨɱɛ ɀɟɮɛɫɟɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɝɭɠɲʀ ɢ ɪɩɦɩɨɮ ɬɭɛɝ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɛɭɩɫɩɧ ɬɣɦ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ƚʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɇɩɨɯɩɫɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɫɩɢɜɣɭɩ ɝʀɨ ɢɛɞɣɨɮɝ ɮ ɜɩɹ Ƚɦɛɟɮ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰɛ ȲȲȲ ɜɮɦɩ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɦɠɨɩ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɢɛ ɫɩɥɣ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɝʀɤɨɣ ʀ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ʀ ɜɛ ɫɩɨɣ ɪɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɩɬɭʀ ɢɝɛɡɛɭɣ ɨɛ ʀɨɭɠɫɠɬɣ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɝɠɫɬɭɝ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɍɩɧɮ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɧ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥɩɧ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɝɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɝ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɪɛɫ ɦɛɧɠɨɭɮ ɉɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɪɛɫɦɛɧɠɨɭ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɮ ɫɩɥɣ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɀɟɮɛɫɟɛ Ȳ ² ɂɛ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɩɹ ɛɨɞɦʀɤ ɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɛɫɦɛɧɠɨɭ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɝɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɰ Ⱦɠɨɠ ɫɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɳɭɛɭʀɝ ɉɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɩɝɨɩɝɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɛɨɞɦʀɤ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɛɫɦɛɧɠɨɭɮ ɝ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɮ ɟɫɮɞʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ;,,, ² ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;,9 ɬɭ Ȳɢ ɫ ɪɛɫɦɛɧɠɨɭ ɝ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɬɭɛɝ ɢɜɣɫɛɭɣɬɺ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨɩ Ƚʀɨ ɧɛɝ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɢɛɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɣ ɤ ɝɣɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɢɛɥɩɨɣ Ɏ ɫ ɀɟɮɛɫɟ Ȳ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɛɫɦɛɧɠɨɭ ɫɩɢɟʀɦɣɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɟɝʀ ɪɛɦɛɭɣ Ƚɠɫɰ ɨɺ ɪɛɦɛɭɛ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɪɛɦɛɭɩɹ ɦɩɫɟʀɝ ʀ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɛɬɺ ɢ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɰ ɦɩɫɟʀɝ ɛɫɰʀɾɪɣɬɥɩɪʀɝ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪʀɝ ɭɛ ɛɜɛɭʀɝ ʀ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥɣɰ ɦɩɫɟʀɝ ³ ɜɛ ɫɩɨʀɝ ȿɩ ɨɣɡɨɷɩʁ ɪɛɦɛɭɣ ³ ɪɛɦɛɭɣ ɞɫɩɧɛɟ ³ ɝɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ ɝʀɟ ɞɫɛɯɬɭɝ ʀ ɧʀɴɛɨɣ Ƚʀɦɷɨʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɭɛ ɜʀɟɨʀ ɧʀɴɛɨɣ ɝ ɪɛɫɦɛɧɠɨɭʀ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɠɨʀ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɣ ɛ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

ɢɛɦɠɡɨɣɧ ɬɠɦɺɨɛɧ ɮɢɛɞɛɦʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɠɨɩ ɜɫɛɭɣ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɮ ɝɣɜɩɫɛɰ Ȼɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɛɫɦɛɧɠɨɭ ɧɛɝ ɜʀɦɷɳɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɨʀɡ Ⱦɠɨɠɫɛɦɷɨʀ ɳɭɛɭɣ ɮ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ Ƚʀɨ ɬɭɛɝ ɭɣɧ ɩɫɞɛɨɩɧ ɟɠ ɝɣɬɦɩɝɦɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɩɞɦɺɟɣ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɫʀɢ ɨɣɰ ɝɠɫɬɭɝ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɧʀɬɱɠɧ ɧɣɫɨɩɞɩ ɮɢɞɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɥɩɨɯɦʀɥɭʀɝ ɴɩ ɝɣɨɣɥɛɦɣ ɝ ɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɉɭɡɠ ɮ ;,,,²;,9 ɬɭ ɝ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦʀɢɩɝɛɨɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɮ ɝɣɞɦɺɟʀ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɩʁ ɧɩɨɛɫɰʀʁ X Ʉɨɥɢ ɜɩɟɪɲɟ ɛɭɥɨ ɫɤɥɢɤɚɧɨ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɢɣ ɩɚɪɥɚɦɟɧɬ"

Ȼɨɞɦʀɺ ɝ ;Ȳ9 ɬɭ Ʌʀɨɠɱɷ ;Ȳ9 ɬɭ ɝɣɺɝɣɝɬɺ ɟɦɺ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɨɛɬɣɲɠɨɣɧ ɮɬʀɦɺɥɣɧɣ ɬɩɱʀɛɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɫɮ ɰɛɧɣ ɤ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɧɛɦɣ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ʁʁ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ Ɋɩɳɭɩɝɰɩɧ ɟɩ ɨɣɰ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ɝ Ɍɭɩɦʀɭɨʀɤ ɝʀɤɨʀ ɭɛ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɛ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ Ɋɦɛɨɭɛʊɠɨɠɭʀɝ Ɏ ɫ ɪɛɫɦɛɧɠɨɭ ɮɭɝɠɫɟɣɝ ɟɩɟɛɭɥɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɟɛɭɩɥ ɴɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɛɦɣ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɝɬʀ ɪʀɟɟɛɨʀ ɺɥʀ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɣ ɫʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɝʀɥɮ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨɩ ɝʀɟ ɬɭɛɭʀ ɑɠɤ ɪɩɟɛɭɩɥ ɬɭɛɝ ɝɛɡ ɥɣɧ ɭɺɞɛɫɠɧ ɟɦɺ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɝʀɨ ɢɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɝ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɤɨʀ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨɣ ɧʀɡ ɬɠɦɺɨɛɧɣ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɛɧɣ ɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɹ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɮ ² ɭʀ ɫɫ ;,9 ɬɭ Ȼɨɞɦʀɹ ɩɰɩɪɣɝ ɫɮɰ ɢɛ ɫɠɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ Ʉɩɞɩ ʀɟɠɩɦɩɞɩɧ ɜɮɝ ȿɡɩɨ Ƚʀ ɥɦʀɯ ² ɬɝɺɴɠɨɣɥ ʀ ɪɫɩɯɠɬɩɫ ɉɥɬɯɩɫɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭɮ Ɏ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɫɩɪɩɝʀɟɺɰ Ƚʀɥɦʀɯ ɢɛɪɠɫɠɲɮɝɛɝ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɪɛɪ ɟɩɝɩɟɺɲɣ ɴɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɠ ɪɩɝɣɨɨʀ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɝʀɟ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɨʀɺɥɩʁ ɟɛɨɣɨɣ Ƚʀɨ ɢɛɥɦɣɥɛɝ ɟɩ ɥɩɨɯʀɬɥɛɱʀʁ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɢɟɠɳɠɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɣɰ ɩɜɫɺɟʀɝ ʀ ɫɠ ɥɩɧɠɨɟɮɝɛɝ ɪɩɬɣɦɣɭɣ ɝ ɜɩɞɩɬɦɮɡʀɨɨʀ ɧɩɧɠɨɭ ɪɫɩɪɩɝʀ ɟʀ Ʉɩɞɩ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɩɹ ɢɛɬɦɮɞɩɹ ɜɮɦɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɝʀɨ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɝ ȼʀɜɦʀɹ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ ɨɛɜɦɣɢɣɝɳɣ Ɍɦɩɝɩ ȼɩɡɠ ɟɩ ɟɮɳ ɝʀɫɮɹɲɣɰ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɱʀɝ ɂɛɥɦɣɥɣ Ƚʀɥɦʀɯɛ ɢɨɛɤɳɦɣ ɝʀɟɞɮɥ ɮ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɳɛɫɥɛɰ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ Ʉɩɞɩ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝ ȿɡɩɨ Ƚʀɥɦʀɯ ɨɣɥʀɝ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɦɩɦɛɫɟɛɧɣ Ɋʀɟ ɝɪɦɣɝɩɧ ʀɟɠɤ Ƚʀɥɦʀɯɛ ɪɛɫɦɛɧɠɨɭ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɝ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɬɭɛɭɮɭ ɺɥɣɤ ɢɛɜɩɫɩ ɨɺɝ ɢɝɠɫɭɛɭɣɬɺ ɟɩ ɪɛɪɣ ɺɥ ɟɩ ɝɣɴɩʁ ʀɨɬɭɛɨɱʀʁ ɝ ɬɮɟɩ ɝɩ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɣɰ ɬɪɫɛɝɛɰ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɣɝɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɬɪɦɛɭɣ ɟɛɨɣɨɣ ɪɛɪʀ ɭɩɴɩ Ɍɠɦɺɨɬɭɝɩ ɡ ɬɪɫɣɤɨɺɦɩ ʀɟɠʁ Ƚʀɥɦʀɯɛ ɺɥ ɢɛɥɦɣɥ ɟɩ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɯɠɩɟɛɦʀɝ ɂɜɮɫɠɨɠ ɨɩɝɣɧɣ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɛɧɣ ʀ ɫɠɦʀɞʀɤɨɣɧɣ ɝɲɠɨɨɺɧɣ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ɝɣɜɮɰɨɮɦɩ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺɧ ɮ ɫ ɪʀɟ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɩɧ Ƚɩɭɛ ɍɛɤɦɠɫɛ Ɋɩɝɬɭɛɦʀ ɝɬɭɮɪɣɦɣ ɟɩ Ɇɩɨɟɩɨɛ Ƚʀɫɺɲɣ ɝ ©ɟɩɜɫɩɞɩ ɥɩ ɫɩɦɺª ɝɩɨɣ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɦɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɬɭɣ ɤɩɧɮ ɪɫɩ ɮɭɣɬɥɣ ɢ ɜɩɥɮ Ƚɩɭ ɍɛɤɦɠɫ

Ȼɨɞɦʀɺ

ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫʀɝ ɤ ɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɭɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɣɧɩɞɣ ɇɩ ɦɩɟɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɋʀɲɛɫɟ ,, ɝɣɞɫɛɝ ɲɛɬ ɧɛɤɬ ɭɠɫɨɩ ɢʀɞɫɛɝɳɣ ɫɩɦɷ ɢɛɰɣɬɨɣɥɛ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɞɩ ɦɹɟɮ Ɋʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɲɠɫɞɩɝɣɰ ɪɠɫɠɞɩɝɩɫʀɝ Ƚɩɭɛ ɍɛɤɦɠɫɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɜɣɭɩ Ɍɠɦɺɨɣ ɮɭɫɛɭɣɝɳɣ ɝɛɭɛɡɥɛ ɜɮɦɣ ɝ ɫɩɢɪɛɲʀ ɛ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥʀ ɢɛ ɞɩɨɣ ɫɩɢ·ʁɰɛɦɣɬɺ ɥɫɛʁɨɩɹ ɥɛɫɛɹɲɣ ɮɲɛɬ ɨɣɥʀɝ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ ȼɮɨɭɣ ʀ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥɩɧ ɭɣɰ ɬɩɱʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɢɧʀɨ ɴɩ ɩɰɩɪɣɦɣ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɠ Ƚɜɣɝɬɭɝɩ Ƚɩɭɛ ɍɛɤɦɠɫɛ ɞɫɛɝɹɫɛ

ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ɍɫɛɟɣɱʀɤɨɣɤ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɤ ɪɩɟʀɦ ɨɛ ɯɠɩɟɛɦʀɝ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɬɭɝɩ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɝ ɫɠɛɦʀɺɧ ɲɛɬɮ ɂ·ɺɝɦɺɦɣɬɺ ʀ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɩɝʀ ɪɫɩɳɛɫɥɣ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥɣ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɱʀ ɥɮɪɱʀ ɭɛ ʀɨ ɍɛ ɤ ɬɛɧʀ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɣ ɝɡɠ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɣ ɬɰɩɡɣɧɣ ɨɛ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨɣɥʀɝ ȳɰ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɨɠɪɩɥɩʁɦɣ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɤ ɪɫɣɜɮɭɥʀɝ ɛɨʀɡ ɬɦɛɝɣ ɤ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɋɣɱɛɫɬɷɥɛ ɲɠɬɭɷ ɝʀɟɰɩɟɣɦɛ ɝ ɧɣɨɮɦɠ ɍɛɥʀ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɝ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣ ɝɩ ɮ ɝɣɴɣɰ ɪɫɩɳɛɫɥɛɰ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɣ ɟɩ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɺɥɛ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɦɛ ɨɛɢɝɮ ɒɠɫɝɩɨɩʁ ɭɛ ȼʀɦɩʁ ɭɫɩɺɨɟ X ɓɨ ɡɭɦɨɜɢɥɨ ɜɢɛɭɯ ɩɨɜɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɩɿɞ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɦ ȼɨɬɚ Ɍɚɣɥɟɪɚ"

Ƚʀɤɨɛ ɒɠɫɝɩɨɩʁ ɭɛ ȼʀɦɩʁ ɭɫɩɺɨɟ Ɋɩɫɛɢɥɛ ɝ Ɍɭɩɦʀɭɨʀɤ ɝʀɤɨʀ ɝɣɥɦɣɥɛɦɛ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɮ ɥɫɣ ɢɮ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ Ɇɛɨɥɛɬɭɠɫʀɝ ɴɩ ɪɫɣɤɳɦɛ ɟɩ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɮ ɫ ɉɪɩɢɣɱʀɹ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɨɣɰ ɩɲɩɦɣɝ ɞɠɫɱɩɞ ɤɩɫɥɬɷɥɣɤ ɋʀɲɛɫɟ Ƚʀɨ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɝ ɬɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɭɣɬɺ ɢ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ 9, ɜɮɝ ɨɠ ɬɪɩɝɨɛ ɫɩɢɮɧɮ ɛ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɝ ɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɭɫɣɧɛɦɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɛ ɇɛɫɞɛɫɣɭɛ Ȼɨɡɮɤɬɷɥɛ Ɏ ɫ ɋʀɲɛɫɟɛ ɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɦɣ ɫɠ ɞɠɨɭɩɧ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɰɩɲ ɮ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰɛ 9, ɜɮɝ ɬɣɨ ɍɛɥɣɤ ɬɭɛɨ ɫɠɲɠɤ ɨɠ ɝɦɛɳɭɩɝɮɝɛɝ ɫɩɟɣɨɮ Ɇɛɨɥɛɬɭɠɫʀɝ ɺɥɛ ɨɠ ɜɛ ɡɛɦɛ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɛɭɣɬɺ Ʉɩɫɥɛɧ ɂɫɠɳɭɩɹ ɪɛɦɛɱɩɝʀ ʀɨɭɫɣɞɣ ɪɠɫɠɫɩɬɦɣ ɮ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭʀ ɢɜɫɩɤɨʀ ɬɮɭɣɲɥɣ ɧʀɡ ɪɫɣɰɣɦɷɨɣ ɥɛɧɣ ɟɝɩɰ ɫɩɟɣɨ ʀ ɝ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɺɨɬɷɥɮ ɝʀɤɨɮ ɴɩ ɩɟɠɫɡɛ ɦɛ ɨɛɢɝɮ ɒɠɫɝɩɨɩʁ ɠɦɠɧɠɨɭ ɞɠɫɜɛ Ɇɛɨɥɛɬɭɠɫʀɝ ɭɛ ȼʀ ɦɩʁ ɠɦɠɧɠɨɭ ɞɠɫɜɛ ɫɩɟɣɨɣ ɍɹɟɩɫʀɝ ɴɩ ɢɛɪɩɲɛɭɥɮɝɛɦɛ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɨɩɝɮ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀɹ ɭɫɩɺɨɟ Ɉɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɮɬɪʀɰ ɜɮɝ ɨɛ ɜɩɱʀ Ɇɛɨɥɛɬɭɠɫʀɝ Ɏ ɫ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɢ ɜɣɭɝ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɋʀɲɛɫɟɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɫɩɢɜɣɭɠ ɛ ɬɛɧ ɝʀɨ ɢɛɞɣɨɮɝ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɝɡɠ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ ɬɣɨ ɋʀɲɛɫɟɛ ɢɛ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɣ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɷɩɞɩ ɞɫɛɯɛ Ƚɩɫɝʀɥɛ ɬɭɛɝ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ ɀɟɮɛɫɟɩɧ ,9

Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ 9,

ɀɟɮɛɫɟ ,9

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

² Ʌɩɫɩɦɠɝɛ ɇɛɫɞɛɫɣɭɛ ɫɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɬɣɨɩɧ ɮɭɠɥɦɛ ɟɩ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɛ ɜɩɡɠɝʀɦɷɨɣɤ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ 9, ɪɩɥɣɨɮɭɣɤ ɮɬʀɧɛ ɜɦɮɥɛɝ Ȼɨɞɦʀɾɹ ɝ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟʀ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɟɮɰʀɝɨɣɥɛ ɪɩɥɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɪɩɬɛɟɣɦɣ ɝ ɍɛɮɠɫ Ɍɭɛɝɳɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ ɀɟɮɛɫɟ ɝʀɟʀɜɫɛɝ ɮɬʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɝ Ɇɛɨ ɥɛɬɭɠɫʀɝ ɭɛ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɪɫɣɰɣɦɷɨɣɥʀɝ ɋɩɢɟɛɹɲɣ ɱʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨ ɨɺ ɝʀɨ ɭɣɧ ɬɛɧɣɧ ɢɛɫɮɲɣɝɬɺ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɩɹ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɀɟɮɛɫɟ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɬɪɫɣɺɝ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɩʁ ɪɫɩɭɠ ɢɛ ɱɠ ɝɣɧɛɞɛɝ ɝʀɟ ɥɮɪɱʀɝ ʀ ɜɛɨɥʀɫʀɝ ɮɬʀɦɺɥɣɰ ɪɩ ɟɛɫɮɨɥʀɝ ʀ ɪɩɢɣɲɩɥ ɺɥʀ ɨɠ ɪɩɝɠɫɭɛɝ Ȳɢ ɪɛɫɦɛɧɠɨɭɩɧ ɮ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ ɨɛ ɬɥɦɛɦɣɬɺ ɭɩɧɮ ɝʀɨ ɬɥɦɣɥɛɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɫʀɟɥɩ ʀ ɨɠɩɰɩɲɠ Ɋɩɦʀɭɣɥɛ ɀɟɮɛɫɟɛ ,9 ɝɣɥɦɣɥɛɦɛ ɨɠɝɟɩɝɩɦɠɨ ɋʀɲɛɫɟ ,,, ɨɺ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɰɣɦɷɨɣɥʀɝ Ⱦɫɛɯ Ƚɩɫɝʀɥ ɪɩɬɝɛɫɣɝ ɳɣɬɷ ʀɢ ɨɣɧ ɮɭʀɥ ɟɩ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɟɠ ɮɥɦɛɝ ɬɩɹɢ ʀɢ ɇɛɫɞɛɫɣ ɭɩɹ Ɏ ɫ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ Ɇɛɨɥɛɬɭɠɫʀɝ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɢ Ƚɩɫɝʀɥɩɧ ɝɣɬɛɟɣɦɩɬɺ ɝ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɭɛ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɩ Ɇɩɨɟɩɨ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰɛ 9, ɢɨɩɝɮ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɦɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ ɛɦɠ ɀɟɮɛɫɟ ɢɧʀɞ ɪɩ ɝɠɫɨɮɭɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɝɦɛɟɮ Ƚɩɫɝʀɥ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɢɝɛɦɣ ©ɭɝɩɫɱɠɧ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝª Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ 9, ɭɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɣɨ ɢɛɞɣɨɮɦɣ ɛ ɇɛɫɞɛɫɣɭɮ ɝɢɺɦɣ ɝ ɪɩɦɩɨ Ɏɬʀ ɫɩɥɣ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɝʀɟɢɨɛɲɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɠɴɛɟ ɨɣɧ ɨɣɴɠɨɨɺɧ ɪɫɩɭɣɝɨɣɥʀɝ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɬɧɠɫ ɭʀ ɀɟɮɛɫɟɛ ,9 ɝɦɛɟɮ ɧɛɝ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɉɬɩɜɛ ɋʀɲɛɫɟɛ ,,, ɪɫɣɝɠɫ ɬɣɨ ɀɟɮɛɫɟ 9 ɛɦɠ ɜɫɛɭ ɪɩɥʀɤɨɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɭɛɦɛ ɟɩ ɬɠɜɠ ɮɝɛɞɮ ʀɬɭɩɫɣ ɞɠɫɱɩɞ ɋʀɲɛɫɟ Ⱦɦɩɬɭɠɫ ɨɛɥɛɢɛɝ ɮɝ·ɺɢɨɣɭɣ ɥʀɝ ʀ ɪɣɬɷɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɍɛɥ ɤɩɧɮ ɧɩɦɩɟɩɞɩ ɧɩɨɛɫɰɛ ɭɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɫɛɭɛ ʀ ɪɫɣɬɝɺɭɣɝ ɟɫɛɧɮ ©ɋʀɲɛɫɟ ,,,ª ɬɦɛ ɫɩɥʀɝ Ɍɛɧ ɡɠ ɝʀɨ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɝ ɬɠɜɠ ɥɩɫɩ ɝɠɭɨɣɤ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɟɫɛɧɛɭɮɫɞ ɦɠɧ ɋʀɲɛɫɟɩɧ ,,, ²

Ƚ ɓɠɥɬɪʀɫ Ɏ ɟɠɺɥɣɰ ɭɝɩɫɛɰ ʀ ɦʀ ɋʀɲɛɫɟ ,,, ɫɩɢɮɧʀɝ ɴɩ ɝʀɤɨɛ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɭɩɪɣɬɛɰ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɬɭɛɾ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɨɛɧɣ ɺɥ ɢɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɬɭɛɫʀ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨɣ ʀ ɴɩ ɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɬɪɫɛɝɡɨɾ ɲɮɟɩɝɣɬɷɥɩ ɞɩɫɜɛɭɣɤ ɪɫɣɤɧɠ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɺɥɣɤ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠ ɬɮɰɩɫɮɥɣɤ ɥɛɫɦɣɥ ɪɩɢɜɛɝɦɠɨɣɤ ɲɣɭɷ ɧɣɫ ɢɨɣɢɣɭɷ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɣ ʀ ɨɛɝɠɟɠ ɦɛɟ ɮ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɣɰ ɧɩɫɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɺɥɩɬɭɠɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ Ɏ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɨɛɪɫɺɧɥɮ ɝʀɨ ʀ ɟʀɺɝ ɲɣɧ Ʉɩɧɮ ɪɫɣɪɣɬɮɹɭɷ ɜɠɢɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨɹ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɮ ɝɜɣɝɬɭɝʀ Ⱦɠɨ ɫʀɰɛ ,9 ɭɩɴɩ ɢɟɩɜɮɝ ɪɫɣɰɣɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ Ȼɦɠ ɨɛɟ ɨɣɧ Ɉɛɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɡ ɝʀɨ ɜɮɝ ɨɠɝɣɬɩɥɣɧ ɨɛ ɭɺɡʀɦɣ ɲɮɭɥɣ ɪɫɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɲɠɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɟɩ ɢɫʀɬɭ ɫɩɢɮɧɨɣɧ ʀ ɬɧʀɦɣɝɣɧ ɹɨɛ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɟɝɩɰ ɬɣɨʀɝ ɀɟɮɛɫɟɛ ,9 ɺɥʀ ɟɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɥɩɧ Ɉɛɝʀɭɷ ɝɩɫɩɞɣ ɝɣɢɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɴɩ ɡ ɝʀɨ ɨɠ ɬɪɫɩɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɝ ɭɩ ɜɮɝ ɭɺɧɮɴɣɤ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɷ ʀ ɰɩɫɩ ɂɫɠɳɭɩɹ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɩɭɣɝɨɣɥɣ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɦɣ ɜɫɣɤ ɝɩʁɨ ɢɟʀɜɨɣɤ ɪɩɦɥɩɝɩɟɠɱɷ ɬɺ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɢ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɰ Ɇɛɨɥɛɬɭɠ ɔɩ ɡ ɟɩ ɯʀɢɣɲɨɣɰ ɝɛɟ ɭɩ ɩɟɨɠ ɫʀɝ ɺɥɣɤ ɡɣɝ ɮ ɝɣɞɨɛɨɨʀ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰɛ ɍɹɟɩ ɪɦɠɲɠ ɝ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɟɠɴɩ ɝɣɴɣɧ ɢɛ ɫɛ ɉɬɭɛɨɨʀɤ ɢʀɜɫɛɝ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ʀ ɝɣɬɛɟɣɝɬɺ ɝ ʀɨɳɠ ɛ ɦʀɝɛ ɫɮɥɛ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ȼʀɦɺ ɧʀɬɭɠɲɥɛ ȼɩɬɮɛɫɭ ɢʀɤɳɦɣɬɺ ɜɮɦɛ ɧɛɦɩɫɮɰɩɧɩɹ

Ȼɨɞɦʀɺ

ɟɝʀ ɛɫɧʀʁ ɋʀɲɛɫɟ ,,, ɜɮɝ ɢɫɛɟɡɠɨɣɤ ɤɩɞɩ ɛɫɧʀɺ ɫɩɢɜʀɞɦɛ ɬɺ Ɍɛɧ ɝʀɨ ɢɛɞɣɨɮɝ ɨɛ ɪɩɦʀ ɜɩɹ Ʌɩɫɩɨɛ ɢ ɤɩɞɩ ɞɩɦɩɝɣ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɩɥɦɛɟɠɨɛ Ⱦɠɨ ɫʀɰɮ ɍɹɟɩɫɮ ɺɥɣɤ ɬɭɛɝ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɣ ɪʀɟ ʀɧ·ɺɧ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ 9,, ² ɔɩɜ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɪɫɣɧɣɫɣɭɣ ɝɩɫɩɡʀ ɬɭɩɫɩɨɣ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ 9,, ɩɟɫɮɡɣɝɬɺ ɢ ɾɟɣɨɩɹ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɱɠɹ Ʉɩɫɥʀɝ ɛ ɮ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɞɠɫɜʀ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɝ ɲɠɫɝɩɨɮ ɭɛ ɜʀɦɮ ɭɫɩɺɨɟɣ Ƚʀɤɨɛ ɭɫɣɝɛɦʀɬɭɹ ɝ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɨɛɫɠɳɭʀ ɬɥʀɨɲɣɦɛɬɺ Ɏ ɪɛɫɦɛɧɠɨɭʀ ɬɥɦɣɥɛɨɩɧɮ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰɩɧ 9,, ɪʀɬɦɺ ɪɠɫɠ ɧɩɞɣ ɝɣɺɝɣɦɩɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɦɩɫɟʀɝ ʀɢ ɟɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɲɛɬɭɣ ɨɛ ɢ ɭɣɰ ɴɩ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɛɬɺ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɦɩɫɟɛɧɣ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɑɠ ɬɝʀɟɲɣɦɩ ɪɫɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɝɬɺ ɫɩɟɩɝɛ ɛɫɣɬɭɩɥɫɛɭʀɺ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɪɩɦɺɞɦɛ ɨɛ ɪɩɦɺɰ ɜɣɭɝ ʀ ʁʁ ɢɛɬɭɮɪɣɦɛ ɨɩɝɛ ɺɥɛ Ȱɦɣɢɛɝɠɭɛ Ʉɩɫɥɬɷɥɛ ɬɪɩɝʀɟɮɝɛɦɛ ɨɩɝʀ ɧɩɫɛɦɷɨʀ ɪɫɣɨɱɣɪɣ ɜɮɦɛ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɩɹ ɝʀɟ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ʀ ɨɠ ɩɜɬɭɩɹɝɛɦɛ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɢɝɣɲɛʁɝ ɇɛɤɡɠ ɢɨɣɥɦɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɝɛɬɛɦʀɭɠɭɮ ɛ ɢɛɧʀɬɭɷ ɨɠʁ ɪɩɲɛɦɛ ɟʀɺɭɣ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɦʀɝɫɠɤɨɣɰ ɪɩɲɭʀɝ Ɇʀɝɫɠɺ ³ ɱɠ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɣɤ ɩɟɺɞ ɬɦɮɞ ʀɢ ɞɠɫɜɩɧ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɺ Ɇʀɝɫɠɾɹ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɪɦɛɭɮ ɬɹɢɠɫɠɨɛ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɝɛɬɛɦɮ Ɇʀɝɫɠɤɨɣɤ ɪɩɲɭ ³ ɱɠ ɪɩ ɬɮɭʀ ɢɛɞɩɨɣ ɨɛɤɧɛɨɱʀɝ ɴɩ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɦɛɭɮ ɝʀɟ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɦɩɫɟɛ ʀ ɧɛɦɣ ɢ ɨɣɧ ɪɣɬɷ ɧɩɝɣɤ ɟɩɞɩɝʀɫ ɪɫɩ ɬɦɮɡɜɮ Ɍɭɛɫʀ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀʁ ɭɛ ɲɠɬɨɠ ɬɦɩɝɩ ɨɛ ɲɩɧɮ ɭɫɣɧɛɦɛɬɺ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɝɛɬɛɦʀɭɠɭɮ ɮɡɠ ɬɪɫɣɤɧɛɦɣ ɬɺ ɺɥ ɨɠɟɩɬɭɛɭɨʀ ɉɭɡɠ ɝ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɫɮɤɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɭɛɫɣɰ ɯɠɩ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ 9,, ɟɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɤ ʀ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɭɣɪɮ ɴɩ ɜɛɢɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɨɠɩɜɧɠɡɠɨʀɤ ɝɦɛɟʀ ɧɩɨɛɫɰɛ ʀ ɫɩɢɞɛɦɮ ɡɠɨʀɤ ɬɣɬɭɠɧʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɞɩ ɛɪɛɫɛɭɮ Ƚ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɱɠɤ ɪɫɩɱɠɬ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɟɠɴɩ ɪɩɝʀɦɷ ɨʀɳɠ ɨʀɡ ɮ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ȿɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɝ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɢɧʀɱɨʀɦɣ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀʁ ɪɛɫɦɛɧɠɨɭɛɫɣɢɧɮ ɴɩ ɨɠ ɟɛɝɛɦɩ ɧɩɡɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɥɩɫɩɦɹ ɪɩɝɨʀɬɭɹ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɣɭɣ ɮ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɫɮɥɛɰ ɮɬɹ ɪɩɝɨɩɭɮ ɝɦɛɟɣ X Ɇɿɠ ɤɢɦ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɚ ɜɿɣɧɚ ɑɟɪɜɨɧɨʀ ɿ Ȼɿɥɨʀ ɬɪɨɹɧɞ" ɑɨɦɭ ɜɨɧɚ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɚ ɬɚɤɭ ɧɚɡɜɭ" X ɑɢ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɨɠɰɹ ɭ ɰɿɣ ɜɿɣɧɿ" Ȼ ɭɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ« ɫ ³ ɪɠɫɳɛ ɢɞɛɟɥɛ ɪɫɩ ɥɩɢɛɥʀɝ ² ɫɫ ³ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɇɮɰɣ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

Ɂɚɤɪɿɩɢɦɨ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɑɢɦ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɧɢɣ ɥɚɞ ɚɧɝɥɨɫɚɤɫɿɜ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɜɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɿɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɯ ɏɥɨɞɜɿɝɨɦ ɭ Ɏɪɚɧɤɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɬɜɿ" əɤɿ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ɦɚɥɢ ɞɥɹ Ⱥɧɝɥɿʀ ɧɚɛɿɝɢ ɜɿɤɿɧɝɿɜ" ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɪɨɥɶ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ Ⱥɥɶɮɪɟɞɚ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɜ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ Ⱥɧɝɥɿʀ ɓɨ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɦ ɞɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɧɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɨɸɜɚɧɧɹ Ⱥɧɝɥɿʀ" Ɉɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɨɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɜɢɹɜɢɥɨɫɹ ɩɨɫɢɥɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɶɤɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɡɚ ɱɚɫɿɜ ɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ Ƚɟɧɪɿɯɚ ȱȱ" ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ȼɟɥɢɤɚ ɯɚɪɬɿɹ ɜɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ" ɑɨɦɭ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɰɿ ɜɜɚɠɚɸɬɶ ʀʀ ɩɨɹɜɭ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦ ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɫɜɨʀɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɿ ɫɜɨɛɨɞ" ɏɬɨ ɨɱɨɥɸɜɚɜ ɫɟɥɹɧɫɶɤɟ ɩɨɜɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɪ " ɑɨɦɭ ɜ Ⱥɧɝɥɿʀ ɫɩɚɥɚɯɧɭɥɚ ɜɿɣɧɚ ɑɟɪɜɨɧɨʀ ɿ Ȼɿɥɨʀ ɬɪɨɹɧɞ" Ⱦɨ ɹɤɢɯ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɿɜ ɜɨɧɚ ɩɪɢɡɜɟɥɚ" ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɫɭɬɶ ɭɱɟɧɧɹ Ⱦɠɨɧɚ ȼɿɤɥɿɮɚ" əɤɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɜɨɧɨ ɦɚɥɨ ɧɚ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɟ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɨ" Ɋɨɡɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɹɤ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɥɨɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɜ Ⱥɧɝɥɿʀ ɉɿɞɝɨɬɭɣɬɟ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɜɿɞ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɛɚɪɨɧɚ ɧɟɜɞɨɜɨɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɦ ȱɨɚɧɧɨɦ Ȼɟɡɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɢɦ ɉɨɞɭɦɚɣɬɟ ɹɤɿ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɿʀ ɜɿɧ ɦɿɝ ɜɢɫɭɧɭɬɢ ɤɨɪɨɥɸ ɇɚ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɿ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ Ɋɿɱɚɪɞɚ ȱȱȱ ɩɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɹɤ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɢɤ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɩɥɢɧɭɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ

§ 15. ͳìå÷÷èíà Ƚɣɨɣɥɨɠɨɨɺ Ɉʀɧɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɂɛ Ƚɠɫɟɠɨɬɷɥɩɹ ɮɞɩɟɩɹ ɫ ©ɢɠɧɦʀ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɯɫɛɨ ɥʀɝª ɩɭɫɣɧɛɝ Ɇɹɟɝʀɞ Ɉʀɧɠɱɷɥɣɤ Ɍɛɧɠ ɨɛ ɱɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɪɩɬɭɛɦɩ Ɉʀɧɠɱɷɥɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ɋɩɪɠɫɝɛɰ ɝɩɨɩ ɧɛɦɩ ɨɛɞɛɟɮɝɛɦɩ ɾɟɣɨɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ɍɮɭ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɩ ɪ·ɺɭɷ ɞɠɫ ɱɩɞɬɭɝ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫʀ ɺɥɣɰ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨɠ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɺɦɣɬɺ ɥɩɫɩɦɺɧ ʀɢ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ Ʌɛɫɩɦʀɨɞʀɝ ɂɨɛɭɨʀ ɫɩɟɣ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɜɩɫɩɦɣɬɺ ɢɛ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɑɠ ɪɫɩɭɣɬɭɩɺɨɨɺ ɯɠɩɟɛɦʀɝ ɞɠɫɱɩɞʀɝ ʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝ ɲɛ ɬɭɩ ɧɛɦɩ ɢɜɫɩɤɨɣɤ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ ʀ ɭɩɧɮ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɦɩ ɨɛɢɝɮ ɧʀ ɡɮɬɩɜɨɣɰ ɝʀɤɨ ɋɛɢɩɧ ʀɢ ɧʀɡɮɬɩɜɨɣɧɣ ɝʀɤɨɛɧɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɏɫɛɨɥ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɪɩɭɠɫɪɛɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɪɛɟʀɝ ɲɮɡɩɢɠɧɱʀɝ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩɯɫɛɨɥɬɷɥʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀ ɭɛ ɧʀɬɱɠɝʀ ɞɠɫɱɩɞɣ ɢɧɩɞɦɣ ɢɛ ɰɣɬɭɣɭɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɝʀɟ ɝʀɥʀɨɞʀɝ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɨɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ; ɬɭ ɢ·ɺɝɣɝɬɺ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɨɠɜɠɢɪɠɲɨɣɤ ɝɩɫɩɞ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɫɣɤɳɩɝ ɢʀ Ɇɹɟɝʀɞ Ɉʀɧɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɬɰɩɟɮ ³ ɮɞɫɣ ɛɜɩ ɧɛɟɺɫɣ ɑʀ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛ ɥɩɲɩɝɣɰ ɬɥɩɭɛ ɫʀɝ ɩɬʀɦɣ ɨɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨʀ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɤ ɭɠɲʀʁ ȿɮɨɛɹ ʀ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɪɛɟɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ɋɠɫɳɩɹ ɝʀɟ ɮɞɩɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɢɛɞɣɨɮɦɛ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɛ ɇɩɫɛɝʀɺ Ɋɩɭʀɧ ɧɛɟɺɫɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɬɪɮɬɭɩɳɮɝɛɭɣ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɴɩ ɬɪɩɨɮɥɛɦɩ ɞɠɫɱɩɞʀɝ ɟɩ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɝ ɾɟɣɨɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ɏ ɫ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɛ ɢɨɛɭɷ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɦɛ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩ ɞɩ ɏɫɛɨɥɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɬɛɥɬɩɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɠɫɱɩɞɛ Ⱦɠɨ ɫʀɰɛ Ȳ Ɋɭɛɰɩɦɩɝɛ ² Ȳɢ ɭʀɾʁ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɜɠɫɠ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɺ ɨɩɝɩʁ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ³ Ɉʀɧɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩ ɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ Ɋɭɛɰɩɦɩɝ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ , ɪɩɬɣɦɣɝ ɝɦɛɟɮ ʀ ɪɩɥɦɛɝ ɥɫɛɤ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɣɧ ɲɝɛ ɫɛɧ ʀ ɬɮɪɠɫɠɲɥɛɧ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɩʁ ɢɨɛɭʀ ȿɦɺ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɮɞɩɫɱʀɝ ʀ ɢɛɰɣɬɭɮ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɨ ɨɛɥɛɢɛɝ ɜɮɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɯɩɫɭɠɱʀ ³ ɜɮɫɞɣ ɚɥ ʀ ɝ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ ɭɩɞɩɲɛɬɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɮ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨɮ ɝɛɡɥɮ ɥʀɨɨɩɭɮ ³ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ Ɍɛɧɠ ɢ ʁʁ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɫ ɬɣɨ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰɛ , ɉɭɭɩɨ , ²

ɢɛɝɟɛɝ ɭɛɥɩʁ ɨɣɴʀɝɨɩʁ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ɮɞɩɫɱɺɧ ɮ ɝɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨʀɤ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɨɛ ɫʀɲɱʀ Ɇɠɰ ɮ ȼɛɝɛ ɫʀʁ ɴɩ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɛɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɪɫɣɪɣɨɣɦɣ ɨɛɪɛɟɣ X Ʉɨɥɢ ɿ ɯɬɨ ɛɭɜ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɇɿɦɟɰɶɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɬɜɚ"

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨɛ

Ɋɩɺɝɛ ɨɩɝɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ȳɭɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɛ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɣɰ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫʀɝ Ɉɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɮ ɝʀɟ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɜɛɭɷɥɛ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰɛ , ɺɥɣɤ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɩɜɫɛɨɨɺ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɣɝ ɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɥɩɫɩɨɛɱʀʁ ɭɛ ɪɩɧɛɢɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɱɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɣɨ ɉɭɭɩɨ , ɮɫɩɲɣɬɭɩ ɥɩɫɩɨɩɝɛ ɨɣɤ ɝ Ȼɛɰɠɨʀ ɮɬʀɦɺɥɩ ɪʀɟɥɫɠɬɦɹɝɛɝ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɞɮ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɨɛɟ ɮɬʀɾɹ ɢɨɛɭɭɹ Ƚʀɨ ɝɝɛ ɡɛɝ ɬɠɜɠ ɭʀɾɹ ɦɹɟɣɨɩɹ ɺɥɛ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɭɷ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɮ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɹ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɰɩɭʀɝ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɩ ɟɩ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɨɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɝ ɋɣɧʀ ɭɛ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɭɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɭɣɭɮɦ ɝʀɟ Ɋɛɪɣ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ Ɏ ɫ ɉɭɭɩɨ , ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɝ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɟɩ Ȳɭɛ ɦʀʁ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɛɝ ɫʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɛɪɮ Ȳɩɛɨɨɛ ɐȲȲ ɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɨɠɪɩɥʀɫɨɣɰ ɝɛɬɛɦʀɝ ʀ ɪɩ ɝɠɫɨɮɝ ɤɩɧɮ ɝɭɫɛɲɠɨɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɦɹɭɩɞɩ ɫ ɝ ɬɩɜɩɫʀ Ɍɝ Ɋɠɭɫɛ ɝ ɋɣɧʀ ɝɟɺɲɨɣɤ ɪɛɪɛ ɥɩɫɩɨɮɝɛɝ ɉɭɭɩɨɛ Ȳ ɺɥ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ ʀɧ ɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ Ƚʀɟɭɩɟʀ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɛ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɛ ʀ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɬɷɥɛ ɥɩɫɩɨɣ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɨɠɪɩɟʀɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɍɛɥ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɟɫɮɞɠ ɝʀɟɨɩɝ ɦɠɨɩ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɮ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɹ ɨɛ ɂɛɰɩɟʀ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɉɭɭɩɨ Ȳ ʀ ɱɺ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɧɛɦɩ ɜɮɦɛ ɬɰɩɡɛ ɨɛ ɝɢʀɫɠɱɷ Ƚɩɨɛ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɛ ɝ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɛɰ ɭɛ ʀɬ ɭɩɫɣɲɨɣɰ ɮɧɩɝɛɰ Ɋɩ ɥɩɫɩɨɛɱʀʁ ɉɭɭɩɨ , ɪɩɟɛɫɮɝɛɝ Ȳɩɛɨɨɮ ;,, ɟɩɥɮ ɧɠɨɭ ɪɫɩ ɪʀɟɭɝɠɫɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɛɝɛ Ɋɛɪɣ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɝɩɦɩ ɟʀɭɣ Ɋɛɪɬɷɥɩɹ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɹ ɪʀɟɥɫɠɬɦɣɝɳɣ ɱɣɧ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɪɛɪɣ ʀ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɝʀɟ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ Ɋɫɩɭɠ Ȳɩɛɨɨ ɐȲȲ ɝɝɛɡɛɝ ɴɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɝɣɴɛ ɢɛ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɬɷɥɮ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɝɩɨɛ ɝʀɟ ȼɩɞɛ ɛ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɲɠɫɞɩɹ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɾ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɝʀɟ ɪɛɪɣ Ɏ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨɷɩɧɮ ɱʀ ɬɮɪɠɫɠɲɥɣ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɣ ɟɩ ɡɩɫɬɭɩ ɥɩʁ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɧʀɡ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɾɹ ɭɛ ɪɛɪɬɭɝɩɧ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɤ 9,, Ɍɣɭɮɛɱʀɺ ɪɫɩɭɣɬɭɩɺɨɨɺ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɩʁ ɭɛ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɠɫɰʀɝɩɥ ɢɛɞɩɬɭɫɣɦɛɬɺ ɝ ɟɫɮɞʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ;, ɬɭ ɥɩɦɣ Ɋɛɪɩɹ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɣɧ ɬɭɛɝ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɤ 9,, ² ɺɥɣɤ ɪɫɩɝʀɝ ɨɣɢɥɮ ɫɠɯɩɫɧ ɮ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥʀɤ ɱɠɫɥɝʀ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɣɰ ɜɮɦɩ ʀ ɬɥɛɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ʀɨɝɠɬɭɣɭɮɫɣ ³ ɪɫɛɝɛ ʀɧɪɠɫɛ ɭɩɫɛ ɲɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɢɛɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɝɛɭɣ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɰ ɩɬʀɜ ɨɛ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨʀ ɪɩɬɛɟɣ Ɍɛɧɠ ɱɺ ɫɠɯɩɫɧɛ ɝɣɥɦɣɥɛɦɛ ɩɜɮɫɠɨɨɺ ɮ ɫʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰɛ ,9 ² ɺɥɣɤ ɨɠ ɜɛɡɛɝ ɝɭɫɛɲɛɭɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɨɛɟ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɛɧɣ ɋɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɛɬɺ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɛ ʀ ɝɣɬɨɛɡɦɣɝɛ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ Ɍɪɠɫɳɮ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɢʀɜɫɛɝ ɮ Ƚɩɫ ɧɬʀ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɣɰ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪʀɝ ʀ ɟɩɧʀɞɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɨɣɰ ɮɰɝɛɦɣ ɫʀɳɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɢɜɛɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɛɨɮ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɺ 9,, ɍɩɟʀ ɪɛɪɛ ɢʀɜɫɛɝ ɮ ɋɣɧʀ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪʀɝ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɭɛ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ ɝʀɟɦɮ ɲɣɝ ɝʀɟ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰɛ ,9 ɤ ɮɝʀɦɷɨɣɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɪʀɟɟɛɨɣɰ ɝʀɟ ɪɫɣɬɺɞɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɩ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

ɝʀ ɑɣɧ ɬɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɠɝɟɩɝɩɦɠɨʀ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰɩɧ ,9 ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥʀ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɣ ɤ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɩɭɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɂɛ ɭɛɥɩʁ ɬɣɭɮɛɱʀʁ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰɮ ,9 ɨɠ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɩɬɺ ʀɨ ɳɩɞɩ ɝɣɰɩɟɮ ɺɥ ɳɮɥɛɭɣ ɪɫɣɧɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɢ ɪɛɪɩɹ ɐɩɦɩɟɨɩʁ ɢɣɧɣ ɫ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ʀɢ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɪɩɲɭɩɧ ɪɫɣɜɮɝ ɟɩ ɫɠɢɣɟɠɨɱʀʁ ɪɛɪɣ ɝ ɢɛɧɥɮ Ʌɛɨɩɬɬɛ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ Ɋɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɟʀɜ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ ,9 ɜɮɝ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɬɭɩɺɭɣ ɜɩɬɩɨʀɡ ɝ ɩɟɺɢʀ ɬɪɩ ɥɮɭɨɩɞɩ ɞɫʀɳɨɣɥɛ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɝɩɫʀɭɷɧɣ ɢɛɧɥɮ ɟɩɥɣ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɤ 9,, ɪɫɩɜɛɲɣɝ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɬɮ ɪɫɩɭɣɝɨɣɥɛ Ƚʀɟɭɩɟʀ ɬɦɩɝɩ ©Ʌɛɨɩɬɬɛª ɬɭɛɦɩ ɬɣɧɝɩɦɩɧ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɟɮɰɩɝɨʀɤ ɛ ɝɣɬɦʀɝ ©ɰɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɝ Ʌɛɨɩɬɬɮª ɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɠ ɪɫɣɨɣ ɡɠɨɨɺ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɡɱɠɧ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɡɠɨɩɞɩ ɉɟɨɛɥ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ ,9 ɨɠ ɢɛɜɮɝ ɪɫɣɨɣ ɡɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɨɠ ɮɪɩɥɩɫɣɝɬɺ Ɏ ɫ ɝʀɨ ʀɢ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɛɫɧʀɹ ɫɮɳɣɝ ɨɛ ɋɣɧ ʀ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝ ɤɩɞɩ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɤ 9,, ɦɠɟɷ ɮɫɺ ɭɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɦɩɨɮ ʀ ɜɮɝ ɢɧɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɮɭɠɥɭɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ Ɉɛɬɭɮɪɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɤ 9,, ɪɩɧɠɫ ɢɛɪɩɝʀɟɛɹ ɐɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɝ Ʌɛɨɩɬɬɮ ɲɣ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɥɛɧ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɝɛɭɣ ɰɮɟ Ʌɛɫɦɩ ɀɧɛɨɮɠɦɷ

ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫʀɝ ȼɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɪɛɪɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɛ ɟɩ ɩɬɦɛɜɦɠɨɨɺ Ɉʀɧɠɱɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ Ɉʀɧɠɱɷɥɛ ɢɨɛɭɷ ɢɧʀɱɨʀɦɛ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɝɳɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɬɪɛɟɥɩɝɣɰ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫʀɝ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɥʀɦɷ ɥʀɬɭɷ ɞɠɫɱɩɞɬɭɝ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥɣɰ ʀ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɣɦɛɬɺ ɛɟɡɠ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɧʀɡ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛɧɣ ɤ ɪɛɪɬɭɝɩɧ ɩɜɣɟɝʀ ɬɭɩɫɩɨɣ ɨɛɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɤ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨʀ ɪɫɣɝʀɦɠʁ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɪɫɣɰɣɦɷɨɣɥɛɧ Ȳɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɝɬɺ ɝɠɫɰɩɝɨɣɧ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɩɧ ɛɦɠ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɢɧʀɨɣɝɬɺ Ɉʀɧɠɱɷɥɛ ɢɨɛɭɷ ɢɛɥɫʀɪɣɦɛ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɩɜɣɫɛɭɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ Ƚʀɨ ɧʀɞ ɴɠ ɢɛ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɪɫɣɧɮɬɣɭɣ ɩɜɫɛɭɣ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɥɩɧ ɬɣɨɛ ɛɦɠ ɝɬɠ ɩɟɨɩ ɪɫɣɨɱɣɪ ɝɣɜɩɫɨɩɬɭʀ ɛ ɨɠ ɮɬɪɛɟɥɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɜɮɝ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɧ Ƚʀɟɨɩɝɣɭɣ ɝɭɫɛɲɠɨɮ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɬɭɷ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨɣ ɪɩɭɛɦɛɨɣɦɩ ɭɫɷɩɧ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛɧ ʀɢ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ɓɭɛɮɯɠɨʀɝ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰɮ , ² ɤɩɞɩ ɬɣɨɩɝʀ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰɮ 9, ²

ɭɛ ɩɨɮɥɩɝʀ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰɮ ,, ²

Ȳɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰ , ɝʀɟɩɧɣɤ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɪʀɟ ʀɧ·ɺɧ ȼɛɫɜɛɫɩɬɬɛ ɋɮɟɩɜɩɫɩɟɣɤ ɺɥɠ ɟɛɦɣ ɤɩɧɮ ʀɭɛɦʀɤɱʀ ɂɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɲɛɬʀɝ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɹ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɭɣ Ɍɝɺɴɠɨɨɩɹ ɑɠ ɨɛ ɟɮɧɥɮ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɧɛɦɩ ɪʀɟɥɫɠɬɦɣɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɪɛɪɣ ɇɩɝɦɺɝ ɤɩɞɩ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɩɬɝɺɲɠɨɛ ȼɩɞɩɧ ɛ ɨɠ ɪɛɪɩɹ ɂɟʀɤɬɨɹɹɲɣ ɬɝʀɤ ɨɛɧʀɫ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰ , ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮ ɝɛɝɬɺ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɪɛɪɬɭɝɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɝ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɨɠ ɟɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ Ɏ ɋɣɧʀ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɮɞɫɮɪɩɝɛɨɨɺ ɩɜ ɫɛɦɣ ɩɟɨɩɲɛɬɨɩ ɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɪɛɪ ɥɩɡɠɨ ʀɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɝɝɛɡɛɝ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɬɛɧɩɢɝɛɨɱɺɧɣ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɥɩɦɣ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢɛ ɪɛɪɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ɢɛɝɠɫɳɣɦɛɬɺ ɋɣɧ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɝɣɬɮɨɮɝ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɢʀʁ ɨɛ ɝɣɴɮ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɝ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ Ɏ ɫ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɣ ɪɛɪɣ ɢɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɡ ɟɩɫɮɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɦɣ ɴɩ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɝ ɥɩɫɩɨɮ ɦɣɳɠ ɺɥ ©ɜɠɨɠɯʀɱʀɤª ɝʀɟ ɪɛɪɣ ʀ ɧɛɾ ɤɩɧɮ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɺɭɣɬɺ

Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨɛ

Ɇɨɜɨɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

Ɂɿ ɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹ Ɏɪɿɞɪɿɯɚ ȱ Ȼɚɪɛɚɪɨɫɫɢ ɞɨ ɪɢɦɥɹɧ Ɋɢɦ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɧɟ ɜ Ɋɢɦɿ ɏɨɱɟɬɟ ɡɧɨɜɭ ɩɨɛɚɱɢɬɢ ɤɨɥɢɲɧɸ ɪɢɦɫɶɤɭ ɫɥɚɜɭ ɭɦɿɥɢɣ ɭɫɬɪɿɣ ɬɚɛɨɪɿɜ ɞɨɛɥɟɫɬɶ ɿ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɿɧɭ" ɍɫɟ ɰɟ ɩɟɪɟɣɲɥɨ ɞɨ ɧɚɫ ɪɚɡɨɦ ɡ ɿɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɫɶɤɨɸ ɜɥɚɞɨɸ ə ɜɚɲ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɢɣ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪ əɤ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɭɜɚɜ ɿɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɫɜɨɸ ɜɥɚɞɭ ɧɚɞ Ɋɢɦɨɦ"

Ɏ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰ , ɪʀɳɩɝ ɝʀɤɨɩɹ ɨɛ Ȳɭɛɦʀɹ Ƚʀɨ ɰɩɭʀɝ ɨɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɪɩɥɛɫɛɭɣ ɪɛɪɮ ɛ ɪʀɟ ɱɣɧ ɪɫɣɝɩɟɩɧ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɭɣ ɢɛɧɩɡɨʀ ʀɭɛɦʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɏɛɥɭɣɲɨɩ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɫ ɧɛɝ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɱɷɥɣɤ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ ɂɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩ ɞɩɹ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɩʁ ɟɦɺ ɭɣɰ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɭɣɬɺɲɨɩʁ ɛɫɧʀʁ Ȳɭɛɦʀɺ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɫɣɾɟɨɛɨɛ ɟɩ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɝɩɦɠɦɹɜɨʀ ɡɣɭɠɦʀ ɧʀɬɭ ɨɠ ɰɩɭʀɦɣ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɺɭɣɬɺ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰɮ , ȿɦɺ ɜɩ ɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɝɩɨɣ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɦɣ ɬɺ ɝ ɬɩɹɢ ɧʀɬɭ ³ Ɇɩɧɜɛɫɟɬɷɥɮ ɦʀɞɮ ɭɫɛɝɨɺ ɫ ɝ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɪʀɟ Ɇɠɨɷɺ ɨɩ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ Ɇɩɧɜɛɫɟɬɷɥɩʁ ɦʀɞɣ ɫɩɢɜɣɦɣ ɛɫɧʀɹ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰɛ , ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɨɣɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɢ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɣɧɣ ɫɣɱɛɫɺɧɣ ɜɣɦɛɬɺ ɤ ɪɠ ɫɠɧɩɞɦɛ ɛɫɧʀɺ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɺɥɩʁ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɦɣ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥɣ ɧʀɬɭ Ɇɩɧɜɛɫɟʀʁ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɪɫɣɧɣɫɣɝɬɺ ɢ ʀɭɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɧʀ

Ɉɛɢɝɮ ɬɩɹɢɮ ɟɛɦɛ ɧʀɬɱɠ ɝʀɬɭɷ Ɇɩɧɜɛɫɟʀɺ ɧɠɳɥɛɨɱʀ ɺɥɩʁ ɨɛɤɜɩɦʀɬɨʀɳɠ ɝʀɟɲɮɦɣ ɨɛ ɬɩɜʀ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ Ɏ ɫ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɦɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰɛ , Ɏ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɷ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɬɪɮɬɭɩɳɣɝ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɠ ɦɩɧɜɛɫɟɬɷɥɠ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɇʀɦɛɨ ɭɛɥ ɺɥ ɨɠ ɬɪɮɬɭɩɳɮɝɛɦɣ ʀɭɛɦʀɤ ɬɷɥɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ɝɛɫɝɛɫɣ Ƚʀɨ ɢɫɮɤɨɮ ɝɛɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɭʀɨɣ ɭɛ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɣ ɨɛɥɛ ɢɛɝ ɧɠɳɥɛɨɱɺɧ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɝɩɬɷɧɣ ɟɨʀɝ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɭɣ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷ ɨɣɤ ɧɛɤɟɛɨ ɢɛ ɟɛɝɨʀɧ ɢɝɣɲɛɾɧ ɪɠɫɠɩɫɛɦɣ ɪɦɮɞɩɧ ʀ ɪɩɬɣɪɛɦɣ ɬʀɦ ɦɹ ɨɛ ɢɨɛɥ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɬɭɛɨɠ ɪɮɬɭɣɫɠɧ Ƚɛɭɛɡɥʀɝ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɭɫɛɲɠɨɩ

ȼɣɭɝɛ ɪɫɣ Ɇɠɨɷɺɨɩ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

ɬɭɛɧɣ ɪɫɩɭɠ ʀɭɛɦʀɤɱʀ ɢɧɮɳɠɨʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɣɢɨɛɭɣ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰɛ , ɬɝɩʁɧ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɠɧ ȼɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢɛ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳɠ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɠɨɨɺ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɣɝ ɬɣɨ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰɛ , ³ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ 9, Ƚʀɨ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɝ Ɍɣɱɣɦʀɤɬɷɥɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɬɭɛɝ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫɠɧ ɩɟɫɛɢɮ ɲɩɭɣɫɷɩɰ ɥɩɫɩɨ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɩʁ ʀɭɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɬɣɱɣɦʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɭɛ ʀɧɪɠɫɬɷɥɩʁ Ⱦɠɨ ɫʀɰ 9Ȳ ɜɮɝ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɩɧ ɨɛɤɝɪɦɣɝɩɝʀɳɩʁ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɭɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɂɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɝɣɢɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɥɩ ɫɩɦɷ Ȼɫɛɞɩɨɮ ɴɩ ɨɛ Ɋʀɫɠɨɠɤɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝʀ ʀ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɛɨɞɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɋʀɲɛɫɟ , Ɇɠɝɩɝɠ Ɍɠɫɱɠ Ɍɣɨɩɝʀ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰɛ 9, ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰɮ ȲȲ ² ɜɮɦɩ ɦɣɳɠ ɭɫɣ ɫɩɥɣ ɥɩɦɣ ɪɩɧɠɫ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɛɭɷɥɩ Ɋɩɪɫɣ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰ ȲȲ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɣɰɩɝɛɭɠɦɠɧ ɜɮɝ Ɋɛɪɛ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɣɤ Ȳɨɩɥɠɨɭʀɤ ȲȲȲ ɝʀɨ ɬɭɛɝ ɢɛɝɢɺɭɣɧ ɪɫɩɭɣɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɪɛɪɬɭɝɛ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰ ȲȲ ɝɣɢɨɛɝɛɝ ɬɠɜɠ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥɣɧ ɞɦɛɝɩɹ ɝɬɷɩɞɩ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɭɩɧɮ ɝɝɛɡɛɝ ɴɩ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦʀ ɧɛɹɭɷ ɝɣɢɨɛɝɛɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɢɝɠɫɰɨʀɬɭɷ ȼʀɦɷɳɠ ɭɩɞɩ ɝʀɨ ɟɩɭɫɣ ɧɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɟɮɧɥɣ ɴɩ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɩɬɝɺɲɠɨɛ ȼɩɞɩɧ ʀ ɴɩ ɬɛɧ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɨɛɬɭɮɪ ɨɣɥ ɟɛɝɨɷɩɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɰ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫʀɝ ɛ ɤ ɨɛɧʀɬɨɣɥ ȼɩɞɛ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ɋʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɮɫɩɲɣɬɭɣɰ ɱɠɫɠɧɩɨʀɤ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɺɝ ɬɩɜʀ ɫɩɢɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ɜɦɛɞɩɬɦɩɝɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɲɠ ɝʀɨ ɬɦɮɡɣɭɠɦɷ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɲɣ ɪɩɬɦɛɨɠɱɷ ȼɩɞɛ Ɋɫɣɝɩɟɩɧ ɟɩ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɢʀɭɥɨɠɨɨɺ ɧʀɡ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɩɧ ʀ ɪɛɪɩɹ ɬɭɛɝ ɳɩɬɭɣɤ ɰɫɠɬɭɩ ɝɣɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ² ɫɫ Ȳɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɢɝɩɦʀɥɛɝ ʀɢ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɩɧ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɢɛ ɴɩ Ɋɛɪɛ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɣɤ ɝʀɟɦɮɲɣɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɝʀɟ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ Ȼɦɠ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰ ȲȲ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ʀ ɨɠ ɬɪɫɩ ɜɮɝɛɝ ɢɨɺɭɣ ʀɢ ɬɠɜɠ ɝʀɟɦɮɲɠɨɨɺ ɛ ɝɣɫɮɳɣɝ ɟɩ Ɍɝɺɭɩʁ ɂɠɧɦʀ ɤ ɜɠɢ ɡɩɟɨɩʁ ɜɣɭɝɣ ɟɩɧɩɝɣɝɬɺ ʀɢ ɬɮɦɭɛɨɩɧ Ȱɞɣɪɭɮ ɪɫɩ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɲɮ Ȱɫɮɬɛɦɣɧɛ ɭɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɬɝɺɭɣɰ ɧʀɬɱɷ ɨɛ ɪ·ɺɭɷ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ Ɋɛɪɛ ɜɮɝ ɨɛɬɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɫɩɢɦɹɲɠɨɣɤ ɴɩ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɝʀɟɦɮɲɣɝ ɝʀɟ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ʀ Ȱɫɮɬɛɦɣɧ ȿɩɬɣɭɷ ɜɛɤɟɮɡɠ ɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰɛ ,, ɟɩ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɝʀɫɣ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɴɠ ɩɟɨɣɧ ɪɫɣɝɩɟɩɧ ɟɩ ɪɫɩɭɣɬɭɩɺɨɨɺ Ɋɛɪɛ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɣɤ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɤ ,; ɮɟɫɮɞɠ ɝʀɟɦɮɲɣɝ ʀɧɪɠ ɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɝʀɟ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɝʀɟ ©ɰɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɝ Ʌɛɨɩɬɬɮª ɝɡɠ ɬɪɦɣɨɮɦɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɲɛɬɮ Ƚʀɟ ɦɮɲɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɨʀɥɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɢɦɺɥɛɦɩ ȿɩ ɥʀɨɱɺ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰ ,, ɜɮɝ ɝʀɟɦɮɲɠɨɣɧ ɝʀɟ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ʀ ɝʀɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɪɛɪɣ ɺɥɣɤ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɝ ɤɩɞɩ ɛɨɭɣɰɫɣɬɭɩɧ ʀ ɬɣɨɩɧ ɟɣɺɝɩɦɛ ɰɩɲɛ ɬɛɧ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰ ɮ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺɰ ɡɩɫɬɭɩɥɩ ɪɠɫɠɬɦʀɟɮɝɛɝ ɮɬʀɰ ɾɫɠɭɣ ɥʀɝ ɋɛɪɭɩɝɛ ɬɧɠɫɭɷ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɝ ɫ ɟɛɦɛ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɷ ɱɠɫɥɝʀ ɢʀɭɰɨɮɭɣ ɢ ɪɩ ɦɠɞɳɠɨɨɺɧ ɛɟɡɠ ɥɩɡɠɨ ɟɠɨɷ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ ©ɜɠɢɜɩɡɨɣɥɛª ɢɧɠɨɳɮɝɛɝ ʁʁ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰ ȲȲ ɨɠ ɦɹɜɣɝ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨɮ ʀ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɝɬɠ ɬɝɩɾ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɪɫɩɝʀɝ ɮ Ɍɣɱɣɦʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɧɮ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝʀ ɺɥɠ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɝ ɨɛ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɹ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦʀɢɩɝɛɨɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ȿɣɝɩɝɣɡɨɛ ɫɩɢɥʀɳ ɪɛɦɛɱɮ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰɛ ,, ɢʀ ɬɰʀɟɨɩɹ ɧɮɢɣɥɩɹ ʀ ɭɛɨɱɺɧɣ ɫɛɟɳɠ ɨɛɞɛɟɮɝɛɦɛ ɟɝʀɫ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɰɛɦʀɯɛ Ɉɛ ɝɮɦɣɱʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ʀ ɝ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɥɣ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩɧ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɝɣʁɢ ɟɣɝ ɮ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟʀ ɝɩʁɨʀɝ ɨɛ ʀɨɟʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɦɩɨɛɰ ɂɛ ɬɦɩɨɛɧɣ ɝɠɦɣ ɝɠɫɜɦɹɟʀɝ ɦɠɩɪɛɫ

Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨɛ

ɟʀɝ ɦɠɝʀɝ Ɉɠɟɛɫɧɛ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɥɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰɛ ,, ©ɟɣɝɩɧ ɬɝʀɭɮª ȿɩ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ ɬɷɥɩʁ ɝʀɫɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ ɬɭɛɝɣɝɬɺ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɪɫɩɰɩɦɩɟɨɩ Ƚɝɛɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɴɩ ɝʀɨ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɝ ɭɫɛɥɭɛɭ ©Ɇɠɞɠɨɟɛ ɪɫɩ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɩɳɮɥɛɨɱʀɝª ɮ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɤɳɦɩɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɇɩɤɬɠɺ ɐɫɣɬɭɛ ʀ ɇɮɰɛɧɧɠɟɛ ɍɛɾɧɨɣɲɛ ʀ ɢɛɞɛɟɥɩɝɛ ɪɩɬɭɛɭɷ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɬɪɫɣɲɣɨɣɦɛ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɦɠɞɠɨ ɟɮ ɴɩ ɝʀɨ ɨɠ ɪɩɧɠɫ ɮ ɫ ɛ ɭɛɾɧɨɣɲɩ ɢɨɣɥ ʀ ɢ·ɺɝɣɭɷɬɺ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɛɬɭɛɨɠ ɥʀɨɠɱɷ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɴɩɜ ɮɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɭɣ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɱɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɢɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɧɣɫɮ Ɍɪɣɫɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɫɠɬɮɫɬɣ Ɍɣɱɣɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɠɨɨɺ ɢ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɝʀɨ ɫɩɢɞɩɫɨɮɝ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢɛ ɥɩɨɭɫɩɦɷ ɨɛɟ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɩɹ Ȳɭɛ ɦʀɾɹ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɛ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɪɛɪ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰ ȲȲ ɭɛɥɣɧ ɲɣɨɩɧ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɝɬɺ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɭɣ ɪɛɪ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɝɦɛɟʀ ɤ ɩɟɨɩɲɛɬɨɩ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɭɣ ɝ ɩɟɨɠ ɱʀɦɠ ɬɝɩʁ ʀɭɛɦʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɤ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥʀ ɝɩ ɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ Ȼɦɠ ɱɺ ɜɠɢɪɠɫɠɫɝɨɛ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɨɠ ɟɛɦɛ ɜɛɡɛɨɩɞɩ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɮ Ɋɩ ɬɧɠɫɭʀ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰɛ ȲȲ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɦɛ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟɛɭɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɬɷɥɛ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɝɡɠ ɨʀɥɩɦɣ ɟɩ ɥʀɨ ɱɺ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɛ ɭɛɥɩɹ ɺɥ ɢɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɓɭɛɮɯɠɨʀɝ Ȳɭɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɛ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫʀɝ ɜɮɦɛ ɢɞɮɜɨɩɹ ɺɥ ɟɦɺ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɟɦɺ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨɣ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɟɦɺ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫʀɝ Ȳɭɛɦʀɺ ɭɛ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨɛ ɢɛɪɦɛɭɣ ɦɣ ɢɛ ɱɠ ɫɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨʀɬɭɹ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɣ ³ ɯɛɥɭɣɲɨɩɹ ɝɭɫɛɭɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɛ ɪɛɪɣ ɫɣɧɬɷɥʀ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɲɠɫɞɩɹ ɨɠ ɢɮɧɮɦɣ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ɪʀɟ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺɧ X ɍɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɨɞɿɣ ɧɚ Ɂɚɯɨɞɿ ɡ¶ɹɜɢɥɚɫɹ ɧɨɜɚ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɚ ɿɦɩɟɪɿɹ" ɏɬɨ ɫɬɚɜ ɿɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɨɜɨʀ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ" X ɓɨ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɮɥɿɤɬɭ ɦɿɠ ɉɚɩɨɸ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɢɦ Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɿɽɦ 9,, ɬɚ ɿɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ Ƚɟɧɪɿɯɨɦ ,9" X ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɧɚɣɜɿɞɨɦɿɲɢɯ ɿɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɿɜ ɿɡ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɿʀ ɒɬɚɭɮɟɧɿɜ X Ʉɨɥɢ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɚ ɿɦɩɟɪɿɹ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɋɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɸ"

Ɉʀɧɠɱɷɥɣɤ ©ɨɛɬɭɮɪ ɨɛ Ɍɰʀɟª Ɋɩɞɦɣɨɠɨʀ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɩɹ ɢ ɪɛɪɛɧɣ ɤ ɥɨɺɢɺɧɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɣ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɧɛɦɩ ɮɝɛɞɣ ɪɫɣɟʀɦɺɦɣ ɬɰʀɟɨɣɧ ɥɩɫɟɩɨɛɧ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɲɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɟɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩɜ Ɋɩɦɷɴɛ ɒɠɰʀɺ ɭɛ Ɏɞɩɫɴɣɨɛ ɝɣɢɨɛɝɛɦɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɝɛɬɛɦɷɨɮ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ Ɉɛ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɮ ɧɠɡɣɫʀɲɲʀ ɀɦɷ ɜɣ ɭɛ ɉɟɠɫɛ ɤ ɨɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡʀ ȼɛɦɭʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ ɬɝɩɹ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɴɠ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɦɣ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥʀ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛ Ƚɦɛɬɨɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ɨɣɰ ɨɛ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ Ƚɩɨɣ ɲɣɨɣɦɣ ɩɪʀɫ ʀ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɹ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ Ɏ ɐ ɬɭ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɪɩɦɛɜɬɷɥɣɰ ʀ ɪɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɣɬɺ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɭɣ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰ Ȳ ʀ ɉɭɭɩɨ Ȳ Ȼɦɠ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɪɠɫɠ ɥɫɠɬɦɣɦɩ ʁɰɨʀ ɢɮɬɣɦɦɺ Ɋɠɫɳɣɤ ©ɨɛɬɭɮɪ ɨɛ Ɍɰʀɟª ɢɛɢɨɛɝ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ Ƚʀɟ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɣ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ʀ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɹɭɷ ɬɪɫɺɧɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɪɩɞɦɺɟɣ ɨɛ Ɍɰʀɟ Ɋʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɟɫɮɞɩɞɩ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɮ ɫ Ɋɛɪɛ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɣɤ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɣɝ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɣɧ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱɺɧ ɪʀɟ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɩɧ ɞɠɫɱɩɞɛ Ɍɛɥɬɩɨʀʁ ʀ ȼɛɝɛɫʀʁ Ⱦɠɨ ɫʀɰɛ Ɇɠɝɛ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɭɣ ɬɝʀɤ ɪɩɰʀɟ ɨɠ ɝ Ɋɛɦɠɬɭɣɨɮ ɛ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɐɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱɺɧ ɦɠɞɥɩ ɝɟɛɦɩɬɺ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɭɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɪɩɦɛɜɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ʁɰɨʀ ɬɣɦɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɠ ɫʀɝɨɣɧɣ Ɉɛ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɪɩɬɭɛɦɩ ɧɛɫɥɞɫɛɯɬɭɝɩ ȼɫɛɨɟɠɨɜɮɫʊ ɱɠɨɭɫɩɧ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɝ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɧʀɬɭɩ ȼɠɫɦʀɨ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

Ɏɬɦʀɟ ɢɛ ɫɣɱɛɫɺɧɣ ɤ ɧʀɬʀɩɨɠɫɛɧɣ ɨɛ ɬɰʀɟ ɫɮɳɣɦɣ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥʀ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥɣ ɺɥɣɰ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɣ ɢɛɩɰɩɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɬʀɦɺɥɣɧɣ ɪʀɦɷɞɛɧɣ ɇʀɬɱɠɝɠ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɠ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɝɣɨɣɴɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɛɜɩ ɝɣɭʀɬɨɺɦɩɬɺ ɝ ɞɦɮɰʀ ɧʀɬɱɺ Ɏ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɪɩɲɣɨɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɛ ɥɩɦɩɨʀɢɛɱʀɺ ɪɫɣɜɛɦɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɴɩ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɛɬɠɦɠɨʀ ɜɛɦɭɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛɧɣ Ɉʀɧɠɱɷɥʀ ɥɮɪɱʀ ɪɠɫɳɣɧɣ ɪɫɩɥɦɛɦɣ ɳɦɺɰ ɮ ɱʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɢɛ ɨɣɧɣ ɫɮɳɣɦɣ ɧʀɬʀɩɨɠɫɣ ɛ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ʀ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ Ɏ ɫ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɪɦɠɧɠɨ ɦʀɝʀɝ ɜɮɦɛ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɛɨɛ ɋɣɞɛ ɺɥɛ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɱɠɨɭɫɩɧ ɨɩɝɩʁ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɩʁ ɢɠɧɦʀ ³ Ɇʀɝɩɨʀʁ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɠɫɠɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɭɮɟɣ ɢɨɛɲɨɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɠ ɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɝɟɛɦɩɬɺ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ Ɇʀɝɩɨʀɺ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɛ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɾɟɨɩɬɭʀ ɋɣɢɷɥʀ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɣ ɝɩɫɩɞɮɝɛɦɣ ʀɢ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɛɨɣɧ ɮ ɫ ɨɛ ɱɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɩɫɟɠɨɩɧ ɧɠɲɩɨɩɬɱʀɝ ɛ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ʀɢ ɧʀɬɷɥɩɹ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɩɹ ɋɣɞɣ Ɉɠɪɫɩɬɭɩ ɬɥɦɛɦɣɬɺ ɤ ɬɭɩɬɮɨɥɣ ʀɢ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀɧɣ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛɧɣ ³ Ɉɩɝɞɩɫɩɟɩɧ Ɋɬɥɩɝɩɧ ɭɛ Ɋɩɦɩɱɷɥɩɧ Ɋʀɥ ɪɫɩɭɣɬɭɩɺɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɪɛ ɟɛɾ ɨɛ ʀ ² ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ ɰ ɫɫ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ɝ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɨɛ ɒɮɟɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɩɢɠɫʀ ©Ɇɷɩɟɩɝɠ ɪɩɜɩʁɴɠª ɫ ɨɛ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɜɮɦɩ ɮɥɦɛɟɠɨɩ ɧɣɫ Ɏ ɫ ɪɩɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɦɠɧɠɨʀ ɪɫɮɬɬʀɝ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɮ ʁɰ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨʀ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɝ ɍɠɝɭɩɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɩɫɟɠɨ ɢɛɪɫɩɳɠɨɣɤ ɮ Ɋɫɣɜɛɦɭɣɥɮ ɪɩɦɷ ɬɷɥɣɧ ɥɨɺɢɠɧ Ʌɩɨɫɛɟɩɧ ɇɛɢɩɝɠɱɷɥɣɧ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɬɭɫɛɡɟɛɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɨɛɜʀɞʀɝ ɪɫɮɬɬʀɝ ɍɠɝɭɩɨɱʀ ɝɧʀɦɩ ɬɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛɟɛɨɩɹ ʁɧ ɧɩɡɦɣɝʀɬɭɹ Ɉɛ ɧʀɬɱʀ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɠɨɣɰ ɨɣɧɣ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɪɫɮɬɬʀɝ ɝɩɨɣ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɬɣɦɷɨɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ɺɥɛ ɨɠ ɢɛɜɛɫɩɧ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɢɛɞɫɩɢɩɹ ɺɥ ɟɦɺ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɟɦɺ ɫɮɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝ Ɏ ɫ ɝ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɪʀɟ ȿɩɫɩɞɩɲɣɨɩɧ ȿɛɨɣɦɩ Ⱦɛɦɣɱɷɥɣɤ ɢɛɝɟɛɝ ʁɧ ɪɠɫɳɩʁ ɬɠɫɤɩɢɨɩʁ ɪɩɫɛɢ ɥɣ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɭɠɝɭɩɨɱʀ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɣɦɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɨɛ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜʀ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɦɣɭɩɝɱʀɝ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ©ɦɣɭɩɝɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣª ɩɫɟɠɨɮ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɨɠ ɟɛɦɣ ɜɛɡɛɨɩɞɩ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɮ Ɇɣɭɩɝɬɷɥʀ ɪɦɠɧɠɨɛ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɾɟɣɨɠ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɺɥɠ ɨɠ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɟɛɦɩ ɝʀɟɬʀɲ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥʀɤ ɛɞɫɠɬʀʁ ɛ ɤ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɦɩ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɮ ɪɩɟɛɦɷɳʀɤ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

ȼɣɭɝɛ ɪʀɟ ʉɫɹɨɝɛɦɷɟɩɧ ɰɮɟ ɚ ɇɛɭɠɤɥɩ

Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨɛ ȼɚɥɥɟɧɪɨɞ ɬɟɜɬɨɧɫɶɤɢɣ ɬɚɛɿɪ

ɬɚɬɚɪɫɶɤɢɣ ɬɚɛɿɪ

Ɍɚɧɧɟɧɛɟɪʉ

ɘɧʉɿɧʉɟɧ

ɉɨɥɶɫɶɤɨ ɥɢɬɨɜɫɶɤɟ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨ

ɬɚɬɚɪɢ

ɜɫɶɤɨ ɟ ɤ ɶ ɪɭɫ ɤɨ ɜɿɣɫɶ ɚ ɬ ɜ ɨ ȼɿɬ

ɥɢɬɨ

ʈɪɸɧɜɚɥɶɞ Ʌɿɯɬɟɧɲɬɟɣɧ Ʌɸɞɜɿɝɫɞɨɪɮ ɥɚ əɝɚɣ ɫɶɤɨ ɿɣ ɜ

ɫɶɤɟ ɩɨɥɶ

ɌȿȼɌɈɇɋɖɄȿ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɱɨɥɿ ɡ ɍɥɶɪɿɯɨɦ ɮɨɧ ɘɧʉɿɧʉɟɧɨɦ ɬɢɫ

Ɍɟɜɬɨɧɫɶɤɟ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨ

Ɏɚɭɥɟɧ

Ʌɨʉɞɚɭ

Ⱥɬɚɤɚ ɜɿɬɨɜɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɚ ɧɚ ɥɿɜɢɣ ɮɥɚɧɝ ɬɟɜɬɨɧɰɿɜ

ɥɢɬɨɜɫɶɤɨ ɪɭɫɶɤɢɣ ɬɚɛɿɪ

ɫɶɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɶ ɬɚɛɿɪ

Ʉɨɧɬɪɚɬɚɤɚ ɪɢɰɚɪɿɜ ȼɚɥɥɟɧɪɨɞɚ

ɉɈɅɖɋɖɄɈ ɅɂɌɈȼɋɖɄȿ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɱɨɥɿ ɡ əʉɚɣɥɨɦ ɬɢɫ

ȼɿɞɫɬɭɩ ɿ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹ ɜ ɛɿɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɧ ɜɿɬɨɜɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɚ Ɂɚɝɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɧɚɫɬɭɩ ɩɨɥɶɫɶɤɨ ɥɢɬɨɜɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɜɿɣɫɶɤɚ ɜɬɟɱɚ ɿ ɪɨɡɝɪɨɦ ɬɟɜɬɨɧɰɿɜ Ƚɚɪɦɚɬɢ

ʉɫɹɨɝɛɦɷɟɬɷɥɛ ɜɣɭɝɛ ɦɣɪɨɺ ɫ

Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɩɫɟɠɨ ɢʀɪɬɮɝɛɝ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɣɨɣ ʀ ɢ Ɋɩɦɷɴɠɹ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɝɳɣ ɝ ɨɠʁ ɪɫɣɧɩɫ ɬɷɥʀ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɮ ɫ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ Ɋɩɦɷɴʀ ɭɛ Ɇɣɭɝɣ ɢɛɝɟɛɦɩ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ɩɫɟɠɨɮ ɝ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɪʀɟ ʉɫɹɨɝɛɦɷɟɩɧ ɛ ɢɠɧɦʀ ɩɫɟɠɨɮ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɝɛɬɛɦɷɨɩ ɢɛɦɠɡɨɣɧɣ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ Ɉʀɧɠɱɷɥɛ ɥɩɦɩɨʀɢɛɱʀɺ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɬɣɦɣ ɢɜɫɩʁ ȼɛɞɛɭɩ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɥɫɛʁɨ Ɍɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɢɛɪɫɩɳɮɝɛɦɣ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɬɠɦɠɨɱʀɝ ɮ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɩ ɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɬɪɩɟʀɝɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɭɣ ʁɰɨʀɤ ɟɩɬɝʀɟ ɟɦɺ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɭɠɫɣɭɩ ɫʀɤ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɧʀɬɭ ʀ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɛ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɱɠ ɢɮɧɩɝɣɦɩ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɝ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ɨɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɢɨɛɲɨɩɞɩ ɪɫɩɳɛɫɥɮ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ X ɇɚ ɹɤɿ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɜɫɹ ɧɿɦɟɰɶɤɢɣ ©ɧɚɫɬɭɩ ɧɚ ɋɯɿɞª" X əɤɢɦɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɭ"

ɂɛɨɠɪɛɟ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ©ɂɩɦɩɭɛ ɜɮɦɦɛª Ɏ ;,,, ɬɭ Ɍɝɺɴɠɨɨɮ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɮ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɹ ɩɰɩɪɣɦɛ ɥɫɣɢɛ ɛ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɝɩɨɛ ɢɛɨɠɪɛ ɦɛ Ɏ ɫ ɪɩɧɠɫ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɤ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ʀɢ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ɓɭɛɮɯɠɨʀɝ Ȳɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɪɫɣɪɣɨɣɦɛ ɬɝɩʁ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɨɨɺ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɭɣ Ȳɭɛɦʀɹ ʀ ɪɠɫɠɬɭɛɦɛ ɜɮɭɣ ɬɮɪɠɫɨɣɱɠɹ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɛɪ Ƚ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝɬɺ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɧʀɡɱɛɫʀɝ·ɺ ² ɫɫ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨɛ ɫɩɢɪɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥɣɰ ʀ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɣɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɧʀɬɭ ʀ ɩɥɫɠɧɣɰ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ Ȳɢ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɬɥɩɫɣɬɭɛɦɣɬɺ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɺɥʀ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɮɝɛɦɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ʀ ɢɧʀɱɨɹ ɝɛɦɣ ɝɦɛɟɮ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɯɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɝɦɛɟɛ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɛɬɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɩɬɦɛɜɦɠɨɩɹ ɴɩ ɝ ɟʀɤɬɨɩɬɭʀ ɝʀɨ ɮɪɫɛɝɦɺɝ ɦɣɳɠ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɧɣ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺɧɣ Ȳɧɪɠɫɬɷɥʀ ɥɨɺɢʀ ɫɠɝɨɩ ɬɭɠɡɣɦɣ ɢɛ ɪɩɬɣɦɠɨɨɺɧ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ʀ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɦɣ ɩɜɫɛɭɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɩɧ ɬɦɛɜɳɩɞɩ Ɏ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɧʀɡɱɛɫʀɝ·ɺ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɝɬɺ ɪɩɫɺɟɩɥ ɥɩɦɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɩɜɣɫɛɦɣ ɬʀɧ ɨɛɤɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɳɣɰ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɺɥɣɰ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɥɮɫɯɹɫ ɬɭɛɧɣ Ɉɛ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɬɷɥɮ ɥɩɫɩɨɮ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɣ ɢ ɫɩɟɣɨ Ⱦɛɜɬɜɮɫʊʀɝ ʀ Ɇɹɥɬɠɧɜɮɫʊʀɝ Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ;,9 ɬɭ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɱɠɨɭɫ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɬɭɣɝɬɺ ɝ ɒɠɰʀɹ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

Ʌɛɫɦ ,9

©ɂɩɦɩɭɛ ɜɮɦɦɛª

Ȳɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫ Ʌɛɫɦ ,9 ² ɫɫ ʀɢ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ Ɇɹɥ ɬɠɧɜɮɫʊʀɝ ɜɮɝ ɩɟɨɩɲɛɬɨɩ ʀ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ ɒɠɰʀʁ Ɏ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɱʀ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɮ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɝʀɨ ɪɫɣɟʀɦɺɝ ɝɦɛɬɨɣɧ ɫɩɟɩɝɣɧ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺɧ Ʌɛɫɦ ,9 ɫɩɢɮɧʀɹɲɣ ɴɩ ɮɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɭɣ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɹ ɪʀɟ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɝʀɨ ɨɠ ɢɧɩɡɠ ɝɣɫʀɳɣɝ ɢɛɥɫʀɪɣɭɣ ʀɬɨɮɹɲɣɤ ɬɭɛɨ ɫɠɲɠɤ ɢɛ ɺɥɩɞɩ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤ ɨʀ ɥɨɺɢʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɭɛ ʀɨ ɍɛɥ ɮ ɫ ɝʀɨ ɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɝ ɂɩ ɦɩɭɮ ɜɮɦɦɮ ɴɩ ɢɛɥɫʀɪɦɹɝɛɦɛ ɫɩɢɟɫɩɜɦɠɨʀɬɭɷ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɑɠɤ ɟɩɥɮɧɠɨɭ ɪʀɟɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɝɛɝ ɪɩɫɺɟɩɥ ɝɣɜɩɫɮ ɨʀɧɠɱɷ ɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɥɮɫɯɹɫɬɭɛɧɣ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɹ ɞɩɦɩɬʀɝ Ʌɩɫɩɦɷ ɪʀɬ ɦɺ ɥɩɫɩɨɛɱʀʁ Ɋɛɪɩɹ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɣɧ ɬɭɛɝɛɝ ɩɟɨɩɲɛɬɨɩ ʀɧɪɠɫɛ ɭɩɫɩɧ ȼɮɦɦɛ ɢɛɥɫʀɪɦɹɝɛɦɛ ɪɫɣɝʀɦɠʁ ɥɨɺɢʀɝ ɨɛ ɝɣɴɣɤ ɬɮɟ ɫɩɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɨɺ ɥɩɪɛɦɠɨɷ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɜɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɝɦɛɬɨɩʁ ɧɩɨɠɭɣ ɢɜɣɫɛɨɨɺ ɢɩɦɩɭɛ ȿɩɢɝɩɦɺɦɩɬɺ ɝɠɬɭɣ ©ɢɛɥɩɨɨɩ ɩɞɩɦɩɳɠɨʀª ɝʀɤɨɣ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɝɛɬɛɦʀɝ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɬɹɢɠɫɠɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɜɩɫɩ ɨɠɨɩ ɂɩɦɩɭɛ ɜɮɦɦɛ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɩɬɨɩɝɩɹ ɟɦɺ ɝɣɟɛɨɨɺ ɢɛɥɩɨʀɝ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɛɡ ɟɩ ʁʁ ɦʀɥɝʀɟɛɱʀʁ ɮ ɫ Ƚʀɟ ɥʀɨɱɺ ;9 ɬɭ ʀɧɪɠ ɫʀɺ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɭɣɬɺ Ɍɝɺɴɠɨɨɩɹ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩɹ ʀɧɪɠɫʀɾɹ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɩʁ ɨɛɱʀʁ f ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ Ɂɨɥɨɬɚ ɛɭɥɥɚ" əɤɿ ʀʀ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ɩɪɢɣɧɹɬɬɹ" f ɏɬɨ ɿ ɹɤ ɨɛɢɪɚɜ ɿɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ"

Ɂɚɤɪɿɩɢɦɨ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ 1. ɑɢɦ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɥɚɫɹ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɚ Ɉɬɬɨɧɨɦ , Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɚ ɿɦɩɟɪɿɹ ɜɿɞ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ Ʉɚɪɥɚ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ" 2. ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɥɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɛɨɪɨɬɶɛɢ ɦɿɠ ɪɢɦɫɶɤɢɦɢ ɩɚɩɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɧɿɦɟɰɶɤɢɦɢ ɿɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ" 3. əɤɿ ɮɚɤɬɢ ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɝɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɇɿɦɟɰɶɤɨʀ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ ɡɚ ɱɚɫɿɜ ɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɿʀ ɒɬɚɭɮɟɧɿɜ" 4. əɤɢɦɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɿ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ©ɧɚɫɬɭɩɭ ɧɚ ɋɯɿɞª" 5. ɋɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ Ɏɪɿɞɪɿɯɚ ,, ɒɬɚɭɮɟɧɚ 6. Ɋɨɡɤɪɢɣɬɟ ɫɭɬɶ ɜɢɫɥɨɜɭ ©ɏɨɞɢɬɢ ɜ Ʉɚɧɧɨɫɭª 7. ȱɡ ɱɢɦ ɩɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡɦɿɧɢ ɜ ɧɚɡɜɿ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɚ ɿɦɩɟɪɿɹ ² ɋɜɹɳɟɧɧɚ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɚ ɿɦɩɟɪɿɹ ² ɋɜɹɳɟɧɧɚ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɚ ɿɦɩɟɪɿɹ ɧɿɦɟɰɶɤɨʀ ɧɚɰɿʀ"

§ 16. Êðà¿íè áàñåéíó Ñåðåäçåìíîãî ìîðÿ Ȳɭɛɦʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɧʀɬɷɥʀ ɫɠɬɪɮɜɦʀɥɣ Ȳɭɛɦʀɺ ɢɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩʁ ʀɧɪɠɫʀʁ ɜɮɦɛ ʁʁ ɱɠɨɭɫɩɧ ɭɛ ɩɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɫɩɢɝɣɨɠɨʀɳɣɰ ʁʁ ɫɛɤɩɨʀɝ Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ɬɛɧɠ ɢ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ ɪɩɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɝʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɧʀɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ Ȼɦɠ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ʀɨɩɢɠɧɨɣɰ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɦɛɨɞɩ ɜɛɫɟɣ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɱʀ ɯɫɛɨɥɣ ɛɫɛɜɣ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɣ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥʀ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɣ ɢɮɧɩɝɣɦɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ʀɭɛɦʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɣ ɢɛ ɥɫɛɴɠ ɡɣɭɣ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɣɧ ɡɣɭɭɺɧ Ɏ ɐȲ²ɐȲȲ ɬɭ ʀɭɛɦʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɥɩɧɮɨɣ ɂɛ ɯɩɫɧɩɹ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɥɩɧɮɨɣ ɝ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɜɮɦɣ ɫɠɬɪɮɜɦʀɥɛɧɣ ɍɮɭ ɝɣɫɮɝɛɦɩ ɜɮɫɰɦɣɝɠ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɲɨɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɮɞɫɮɪɩɝɛɨɨɺ ɜɩɫɩɦɣɬɺ ɢɛ ɝɦɛɟɮ Ɏ ɐȲȲ²ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɨɛɤɝɪɦɣɝɩɝʀɳɣɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɟɝɛ ɮɞɫɮɪɩɝɛɨɨɺ ³ ʊɝɠɦɷɯɣ ʀ ʊʀɜɠɦʀɨɣ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɥɩɡɨɠ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɧɛɦɩ ɝɦɛɬɨʀ ʀɨɭɠɫɠɬɣ ɺɥʀ ɝɩɨɩ ɝʀɟɬɭɩɹɝɛɦɩ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɢɛɬɩɜɛɧɣ Ɉɛɤɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɳɣɧɣ ɧʀɬɭɛɧɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɏɦɩɫɠɨɱʀɺ Ƚɠɨɠɱʀɺ ʀ ʉɠɨɮɺ

ʈɜɟɥɶɮɢ ² ɩɪɢɯɢɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɩɚɩ ɭ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɛɨɪɨɬɶɛɿ ɩɪɨɬɢ ɧɿɦɟɰɶɤɢɯ ɿɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɿɜ ʈɿɛɟɥɿɧɢ ² ɩɪɢɯɢɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɧɿɦɟɰɶɤɢɯ ɿɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɿɜ ɭ ʀɯɧɿɣ ɛɨɪɨɬɶɛɿ ɩɪɨɬɢ ɩɚɩ

ɏɦɩɫɠɨɱʀɺ ɢɛ ɟɩɜɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɜɮɦɛ ɩɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩ ɫɩɢɝɣɨɠɨɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɉɬɨɩɝɮ ʁʁ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɛ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɦɣ ɬɮɥɨɛ ɴɩ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɮ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɬɮɥɩɨɨɣɰ ɧɛɤɬɭɠɫɨɺɰ Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ;,9 ɬɭ ɭɛɥɣɰ ɧɛɤɬɭɠ ɫɠɨɷ ɨɛɦʀɲɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɪɩɨɛɟ Ʌɫʀɧ ɬɮɥɩɨɨɩɞɩ ɝɣɫɩɜɨɣ ɱɭɝɛ ɮ ɏɦɩɫɠɨɱʀʁ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɣɫɩɜɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɳɩɝɥɩɝɣɰ ɭɥɛɨɣɨ ɩɜɫɩɜɥɛ ɰɮɭɫɛ ɭɛ ɹɝɠɦʀɫɨɛ ɬɪɫɛɝɛ ɏɦɩɫɠɨɱʀɺ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɧ ɱɠɨɭɫɩɧ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɩ ɦɣɰɝɛɫ ɬɷɥɣɰ ʀ ɜɛɨɥʀɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɩɪɠɫɛɱʀɤ ɋɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɛɨʀ ɪɩɫɺɟ ʀɢ ɋɣ ɧɩɧ ɯɦɩɫɠɨɭʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɜɛɨɥɣ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɩɜɬɦɮɞɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɯʀɨɛɨ ɬɩɝʀ ɩɪɠɫɛɱʀʁ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɛɪ ɪɩ ɝɬʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ Ɍɝʀɟɲɠɨɨɺɧ ɯʀɨɛɨɬɩɝɩʁ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɩɬɭʀ ɏɦɩɫɠɨɱʀʁ ɬɭɛɦɛ ʁʁ ɧɩɨɠɭɛ ³ ɢɩɦɩ ɭɣɤ ɯɦɩɫɠɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɯɦɩɫɣɨ ɺɥɣɤ ɳɣɫɩɥɩ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩ Ⱦɠɫɜ ɏɦɩɫɠɨɱʀʁ ɝɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɝ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨʀɤ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɂɛ ɯɩɫɧɩɹ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɏɦɩɫɠɨɱʀɺ ɜɮɦɛ ɫɠɬɪɮɜɦʀɥɩɹ ɂɞʀɟɨɩ ɢ ɥɩɨɬɭɣɭɮɱʀɾɹ ɫ ɝɠɫɰɩɝɨɣɧ ɩɫɞɛɨɩɧ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɜɮɦɛ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫʀɺ ȿɩ ɨɠʁ ɩɜɣɫɛɦɩɬɺ ɪɩ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɮ ɝʀɟ ɬɠɧɣ ɬɭɛɫɳɣɰ ɱɠɰʀɝ ʀ ɪɩ ɟɝɛ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣ ɥɣ ɝʀɟ ɮɬʀɰ ɭɣ ɧɩɦɩɟɳɣɰ ɱɠɰʀɝ ɉɲɩɦɹɝɛɝ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫʀɹ ɞɩɨɯɛɦɩɨɷɾɫ ɺɥɣɤ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɴɠ ɤ ɥɩɧɛɨɟɮɝɛɝ ɧʀɬɷɥɣɧ ɩɪɩɦɲɠɨɨɺɧ ȼɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢɛ ɝɣɴʀ ɪɩɬɛɟɣ ɝ ɫɠɬ ɪɮɜɦʀɱʀ ɝɠɦɣ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɨɛɤɜɛɞɛɭɳɣɰ ɫɩɟɣɨ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ƚʀɟ ɥʀɨɱɺ ;,9 ɬɭ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɝɪɦɣɝɮ ɝ ɧʀɬɭʀ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɛ ɫɩɟɣɨɛ ɇɠɟɣɲʀ Ɏ ɫ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɠɧ ɏɦɩɫɠɨɱʀʁ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɨɛ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɬɭɛɝ Ʌɩɢɣɧɩ ɇɠɟɣɲʀ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

ɉɯʀɱʀɤɨɩ ɝʀɨ ɨɠ ɧɛɝ ɨʀɺɥɣɰ ɭɣɭɮɦʀɝ ɛ ʀɧɠɨɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɬɭɣɧ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɺɨɣɨɩɧ ɏɦɩɫɠɨɱʀʁ Ȼɦɠ ɡɩɟɨɠ ɫʀɳɠɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɣɦɩ ɜɠɢ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɰɝɛɦɠɨɨɺ ɒɛɬɭɩ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫʀɺ ɢɛɬʀɟɛɦɛ ɝ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɮ ɇɠɟɣɲʀ ȿɦɺ ɪʀɟɨɺɭɭɺ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭɮ ɝ ɧʀɬɭʀ ɝʀɨ ɢɧɠɨɳɣɝ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɣ ɢ ɜʀɟɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɳɛɫɥʀɝ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɴɠɟɫɩ ɫɩɢɟɛɝɛɝ ɧɣɦɩɬɭɣɨɹ ȿɦɺ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɪɩɦʀ ɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɝɩɫɩɞʀɝ ʀ ɬɮɪɠɫɨɣɥʀɝ Ʌɩɢɣɧɩ ɳɣɫɩɥɩ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮ ɝɛɝɬɺ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɪɫɛɝɩɧ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɛɭɣ ʀɨɟɣɝʀɟɮɛɦɷɨʀ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɣ ɺɥɣɧɣ ɪɫɩɬɭɩ ɫɩɢɩɫɹɝɛɝ ʁɰ Ƚʀɨ ɮɨɣɥɛɝ ɥɫɩɝɩɪɫɩɦɣɭɭɺ ɛ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɧ ɪɩɥɛɫɛɨɨɺɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɞɨɛɨɨɺ ɢ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ʌɩɢɣɧɩ ɇɠɟɣɲʀ Ɉɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɥɣ Ʌɩɢɣɧɩ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɩɨɮɥ Ɇɩɫɠɨɱɩ Ɋɣɳɨɣɤ ² ɮɡɠ ɨɠ ɪɫɣɰɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɪɠɫ ɳɩɬɭʀ ɝ ɧʀɬɭʀ Ɋɣɳɨʀ ɪɛɦɛɱɣ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɪɩɾɟɨɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ʀɢ ɳɣɫɩɥɣɧ ɧɠɱɠɨɛɭɬɭɝɩɧ Ƚʀɨ ɬɥɮɪɩɝɮɝɛɝ ʀ ɢɜɣɫɛɝ ɞɫɠɱɷɥʀ ɤ ɦɛɭɣɨɬɷɥʀ ɫɮɥɩɪɣ ɬɣ ɛɨɭɣɲɨʀ ɬɥɮɦɷɪɭɮɫɣ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɱʀɨɨʀ ɫɠɲʀ Ɉɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɠɨɬʀʁ ɡɣɦɩ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɧɣɭɱʀɝ ³ ɪɣɬɷɧɠɨɨɣɥʀɝ ɪɩɠɭʀɝ ɰɮɟɩɡɨɣ ɥʀɝ ȿɦɺ ɪɫɩɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɯʀɨɛɨɬɩɝɣɰ ɩɪɠɫɛɱʀɤ Ɇɩɫɠɨɱɩ ɨɠ ɬɩɫɩɧɣɝɬɺ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɤ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɮ ɬɥɛɫɜɨɣɱɹ Ɋɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭ ɫɩɟɣɨɣ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɝ ɮ ɝɬʀɰ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ɏ ɫ ɝɩɨɣ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɦɣ ɭɣɭɮɦ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɞɠɫɱɩ ɞʀɝ ɍɩɬɥɛɨɣ Ȳɢ ɱʀɾʁ ɫɩɟɣɨɣ ɝɣɤɳɦɣ ɢɨɛɧɠɨɣɭʀ ɪɛɪɣ ɫɣɧ Ɇɩɫɠɨɱɩ Ɋɣɳɨɣɤ ɬɷɥʀ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ Ɇɠɝ ɐ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥʀ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɝɣ Ʌɛɭɠɫɣɨɛ ɤ ɇɛɫʀɺ ɇɠɟɣɲʀ ɇʀɬɭɛ ɫɠɬɪɮɜɦʀɥɣ Ƚɠɨɠɱʀɺ ʀ ʉɠɨɮɺ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɣ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɩʁ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɩɬɭʀ ɝ ;,,,² ;9 ɬɭ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɣɧ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɩɧ ʁɰɨɷɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭɮ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨɣɱɷɥɛ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦɺ ɝ Ɍɠ ɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɮ ɧɩɫʀ ɴɩ ɟɛɝɛɦɛ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨʀ ɪɫɣɜɮɭɥɣ ʉɠɨɮɺ ɥɩɨɭɫɩɦɹɝɛɦɛ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɠ Ɍɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɩɫ·ɺ ʀ ɒɩɫɨɠ ɧɩɫɠ Ƚɠɨɠɱʀɺ ³ Ɍɰʀɟɨɠ Ɍɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɩɫ·ɺ Ɍɮɪɠɫɨɣɱ ɭɝɩ ɢɛ ɥɩɨɭɫɩɦɷ ɨɛɟ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɧɣ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɳɦɺɰɛɧɣ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɩ ɟɩ ɢɜɫɩɤɨɩɞɩ ɪɫɩɭɣɬɭɩɺɨɨɺ Ɏ ɫ ɝ ɧɩɫɬɷɥʀɤ ɜɣɭɝʀ ɜʀɦɺ Ʌɮɫɱɩɦɠ ɝ Ȼɟɫʀɛɭɣɲɨɩɧɮ ɧɩɫʀ ʊɠɨɮɠɢɱʀ ɢɛɝɟɛɦɣ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ ɝɠɨɠɱʀɛɨɱɺɧ ʀ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ ɮɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɠɫɳʀɬɭɷ ɨɛ Ɍɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɮ ɧɩɫʀ Ȼɦɠ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɝɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɜɣɭɝɣ ɫ ɜʀɦɺ Ʌɤɩɟɡʀ ɮ ɺɥʀɤ ɝɠɨɠɱʀɛɨɱʀ ɝɴɠɨɭ ɫɩɢɜɣɦɣ ɯɦɩɭ ʊɠɨɮɠɢɱʀɝ ɫʀɝɨɩɝɛɞɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɦɠɨɩ Ɍɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɝ ɫɠɬɪɮɜɦʀɥɛɰ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɮ Ƚɠɨɠɱʀʁ ɜɮɦɛ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɩɹ Ƚɩɨɛ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɮɝɛɦɛ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɝɮɢɷɥɩɧɮ ɥɩɦɮ ɢɨɛɭʀ Ɉɛ ɲɩɦʀ Ƚɠɨɠɱʀɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɫɠɬɪɮ ɜɦʀɥɣ ɜɮɝ ɟɩɡ ɺɥɣɤ ɩɜɣɫɛɝɬɺ ɟɩɝʀɲɨɩ Ȼɦɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɩɜɧɠɡɠɨɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɫɛɟɩɹ ³ ɝɣɴɣɧ ɢɛɥɩɨɩɟɛɝɲɣɧ ʀ ɥɩɨɭɫɩɦɹɹɲɣɧ ɩɫɞɛɨɩɧ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ƚʀɟ ɥʀɨɱɺ ;,,, ɬɭ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɮ Ƚɠɨɠɱʀʁ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɣɦɛɬɺ ɮ ɝɮɢɷɥɩɧɮ ɥɩɦʀ ɨɛɤɜɛɞɛɭɳɣɰ ɫɩɟɣɨ ɪɫʀɢ ɝɣɴɛ ɺɥɣɰ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɪɣɬɛɨɩ ɝ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨɮ ©ɂɩɦɩɭɮ ɥɨɣɞɮª ȿɦɺ ɥɩɨɭɫɩɦɹ ɢɛ ɟɩɡɛ ɧɣ ʀ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɬɮɟɩɝʀ ɩɫɞɛɨɣ ɴɩ ɥɛɫɛɦɣ ɢɛ ɬɪɫɩɜɣ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɩɞɩ ɮɬɭɫɩɹ

Ʌɫɛʁɨɣ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ

ȿɦɺ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɣɰ ɳɦɺɰɛɰ ɫɠɬɪɮɜɦʀɱʀ ɟɩɝɩɟɣɦɩɬɺ ɝɠɬɭɣ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɮ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨɹ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɮ ɺɥɛ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɮɝɛɦɛ ɢɨɛɲɨɣɰ ɯʀɨɛɨɬɩɝɣɰ ɝɩɾɨɨɣɰ ʀ ɟɣɪɦɩɧɛ ɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɫɠɬɮɫɬʀɝ ȿɦɺ ɳɝɣɟɥɩɞɩ ɫɠɛɞɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɢɧʀɨɣ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɺɥʀ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɝɪɦɣɨɮ ɭɣ ɨɛ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɠ ɫɠɬɪɮɜɦʀɥɣ ɝɠɨɠɱʀɛɨɱʀ ɪɠɫɳɣɧɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɫɩɢɬɣɦɛɭɣ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷ ɨɣɰ ɪɩɬɦʀɝ ɟɩ ɟɝɩɫʀɝ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɧɩɨɛɫɰʀɝ ȳɰɨʀɧ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɧ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɩɝʀɟɩɧɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɭɣɰ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɛɰ ɟɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ X əɤɿ ɛɭɥɢ ɧɚɣɦɨɝɭɬɧɿɲɿ ɦɿɫɶɤɿ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ȱɬɚɥɿʀ" X ɇɚ ɱɨɦɭ ɛɚɡɭɜɚɥɚɫɹ ʀɯɧɹ ɦɨɝɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ" Ȼ ɭɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ« ɫ ³ ɜɩɺɫɣ ɩɭɫɮʁɦɣ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɷɩɞɩ ɞɛɦɣɱɷɥɩ ɝɩɦɣɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ əɫʀɺ ȲȲ ȼɩɦɠɬɦɛɝɛ ɫ ³ ɜɣɭɝɛ ɨɛ Ɍɣɨʀɰ Ƚɩɟɛɰ

Ɋɛɪɬɷɥɛ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɷ Ƚɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɪɛɪ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɰ ɮ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀɤ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ ³ Ɋɛɪɬɷɥɛ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɷ ³ ɪɩɟʀɦɣɦɩ Ȳɭɛɦʀɹ ɨɛ ɟɝʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɤ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɲɣɨɨɣɥɩɧ ɺɥɣɤ ɮɨɠɧɩɡɦɣɝɦɹɝɛɝ ɩɜ·ɾɟ ɨɛɨɨɺ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ ɛɡ ɟɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɣ ɐȲɐ ɬɭ Ɏ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺɰ ɪɛɪɣ ɥɫʀɧ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɩʁ ɝɦɛ ɟɣ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɭɛɥɮ ɡ ɬɛɧɮ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɺɥ ʀ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɷ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ɋɛɪɛɧ ɺɥ ʀ ɥɩɫɩɦɺɧ ɨɠ ɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɬɪɩɥɩɹ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɣ ɺɥʀ ɟɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɢɛɢʀɰɛɦɣ ɤ ɨɛ Ɍɝɺɭɣɤ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ ȿɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨɣ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ Ɋɛɪɬɷɥɛ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɷ ɬɭɫɛɡɟɛ ɦɛ ɝʀɟ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɜɠɢɪɠɫɠɫɝɨɩʁ ɝɩɫɩɡɨɠɲʀ ɧʀɡ ɪɛɪɛɧɣ ɤ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛɧɣ Ɏ ɫ ɝ ɋɣɧʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɳɠɨɩ ɫɠɬɪɮɜɦʀɥɮ ɺɥɮ ɩɲɩɦɣɝ Ȼɫɨɩɦɷɟ ȼɫɠɳɣɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ Ȼɫɨɩɦɷɟ ȼɫɠɳɣɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ Ƚʀɨ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɝ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɪɛɪ ʀ ɢɛɬɣɦɦɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɯɠɩɟɛɦʀɝ Ȼɦɠ ɫɠɬɪɮɜɦʀɥɛ ɪɫɩʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɩ ɨɠɟɩɝɞɩ Ɏ ɫ ɢɛ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɥɣ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰɛ Ȳ ȼɛɫɜɛɫɩɬɬɣ ɝɦɛɟɮ ɪɛɪ ɭɛɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɦɠɨɩ Ɏ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɪɛɪɣ ɟɩɧɩɞɦɣɬɺ ɫɩɢɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɢɛ ɫɛɰɮɨɩɥ ɬɮɬʀɟɨʀɰ ɢɠ ɧɠɦɷ ɪɫɩɭɠ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɨɛ ɧʀɬɱɺɰ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɦɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɛɧ Ɏ ɐȲ9 ɬɭ ɪɛɪɣ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɦɣ ɝ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɰ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝ ʀ ɜɮɦɣ ©ɮɝ·ɺɢ ɨɠɨʀª ɝ Ȼɝʀɨɷɤɩɨʀ ©Ȼɝʀɨɷɤɩɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɩɦɩɨª ɧɛɝ ɨɠɞɛɭɣɝɨʀ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥɣ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɢ ɝɣɭɥɮ ʁɰɨɷɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ Ƚɩɨɛ ɫɩɢɪɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɜɠɢɦʀɲ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɛ ɝ ɋɣɧʀ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɣ ɛɫɣɬɭɩɥɫɛɭɣ Ɍɪɫɩɜɛ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɬɣɭɣ ɝ ɋɣɧʀ ɥɩɧɮɨɮ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɣɨʀ ;Ȳ9 ɬɭ ɝɣɺɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɠɝɟɛɦɩɹ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɬɦɛɜɥʀɬɭɷ ɭɩɫɞɩɝɠɦɷɨɩ ɪɫɩɧɣɬɦɩɝɣɰ ɝɠɫɬɭɝ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɂɛɥɦɣɥ ɥɠɫʀɝɨɣɥɛ ɫɮɰɮ ɢɛ ɥɩɧɮɨɮ Ʌɩɦɛ ɟʀ ɋ·ɾɨɱɩ ɟɩ ɝɬʀɰ ʀɭɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɭɣɬɺ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɩ ɬɭɛɫɩɟɛɝɨɷɩʁ ɬɭɩɦɣɱʀ ɭɠɡ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɛɨɩ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɪɫɣɟɮɳɠɨɨɺ ɥɩɧɮɨɣ ʀ ɨɛɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɫɺɟɥɮ ɝ ɫ ɢɛ ʀɨʀɱʀɛɭɣɝɩɹ ɥɛɫ ɟɣɨɛɦɛ Ȼɦɷɜɩɫɨɩɢɛ ɨɛ ɢɜɩɫɛɰ ɝɣɴɩɞɩ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɛ ʀ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɩ ɥɩɨ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

ɬɭɣɭɮɱʀɹ ɢɞʀɟɨɩ ɢ ɺɥɩɹ ɝ Ɋɛɪɬɷɥʀɤ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɹɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦʀɢɩɝɛɨɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɛ ɢɨɛɭɷ ɝɣɴɠ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɩ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥɣ ɥɩɧɮɨ ɮ ɪɫɩɝʀɨɱʀɺɰ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɦɣ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɝɣɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɢɛɥɩɨɣ ʀ ɫɩɢɪɩɟʀɦɺɭɣ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɣ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɬɰɣɢɧɛ ɢɛɝɟɛɦɛ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɮɟɛɫɮ ɪɩ ɬɭɛɜʀɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ Ɍɣɭɮɛɱʀɺ ɪɩɥɫɛɴɣɦɛɬɺ ɢɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɪɛɪɣ ɇɛɫɭʀɨɛ 9 ² ɺɥɣɤ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɝ ɮ ɋɣɧʀ ɥɩɧɮɨɮ Ɋɛɪɬɷɥɛ ɩɜɦɛɬɭɷ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɛɬɺ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩ ɬɦɛɜɥɩɫɩɢɝɣɨɠɨɩɹ ʀ ɢ ɨɛɤɭɺɡɲɩɹ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɩɹ ɠɥɬɪɦɮɛɭɛɱʀʁ ɬɠɦɺɨ ʀ ɧʀɬɷɥɣɰ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ Ƚɛɡɥɣɧ ɭɺɞɛɫɠɧ ɟɦɺ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɬɝɛɝʀɦɦɺ ɪɛɪɬɷɥɣɰ ɲɣɨɩɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɣ ɨɛ ɮɭɫɣɧɛɨɨɺ ɪɛɪɬɷɥɩʁ ɥɮɫʀʁ ɳɣɫɩɥɠ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɴɩ ɫɩɢɞɩɫɨɮɦɩɬɺ ɝ ɋɣɧʀ ɝ ;9 ɬɭ ɋɮɤɨʀɝɨɩɹ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ Ɋɛɪɬɷɥɩʁ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɛ ɨɠɪɩɭɣɢɧɮ ɥɩɦɣ ɪɫɛɝɦɺɲɣɤ ɪɛɪɛ ɝɣɬɮɝɛɝ ɨɛ ɝɛɡɦɣɝʀ ɪɩɬɛɟɣ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɫɩɟɣɲʀɝ ɝɣɭʀɬɨɺɹɲɣ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨɣɥɛ X ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɿɫɬɶ ɉɚɩɫɶɤɨʀ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɿ ɜɿɞ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜ ȯɜɪɨɩɢ"

Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ Ȳɭɛɦʀɺ ʀ Ɍɣɱɣɦʀɺ Ȳɨɛɥɳɠ ɬɥɦɛɦɛɬɺ ɟɩɦɺ Ɋʀɝɟɨɺ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ ɭɛ Ɍɣɱɣɦʀʁ ɰɩɲɛ ɢɛ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɩɧ ɝɩɨɣ ɨɠ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɛɦɣɬɺ Ɋʀɝɨɩɲʀ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɩʀɭɛɦʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɜɮɦɣ ɩɟɨɣɧɣ ɢ ɱɠɨɭɫʀɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɧɩɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɍɮɭ ɨɛɤɟɩɝɳɠ ɪɫɩɭɫɣɧɛɦɛɬɺ ɝɦɛɟɛ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀʁ Ɋɠɝɨɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɭɛɧ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɛɫɛɜɣ Ɏ ɐȲ ɬɭ ɱʀ ɩɜɦɛɬɭʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɛɞɛɫɜɛɨʀ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɛɧɣ ɉɟɣɨ ʀɢ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɋɩɡɠɫ ȲȲ ɮ ɫ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɝ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɷ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ ʀ Ɍɣɱɣɦʀɹ ɝ ɾɟɣɨɠ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɾ Ɍɣɱɣɦʀɤɬɷɥɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɬɭɩɦɣɱɠɹ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɧʀɬɭɩ Ɋɛɦɠɫɧɩ ɏɩɫɧɛɦɷɨɩ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɩɬɺ ɴɩ ɬɣɱɣɦʀɤɬɷɥʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀ ɾ ɪɫɺɧɣɧɣ ɝɛɬɛɦɛɧɣ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɛɪ ɪɫɩɭɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɣɦɣ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɮ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɮ Ɏ Ɍɣɱɣɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝʀ ɧɣɫɨɩ ɡɣɦɣ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɨɛɫɩɟɣ ³ ʀɭɛɦʀɤɱʀ ɞɫɠɥɣ ɛɫɛɜɣ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɣ Ɋɛɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɤ ɝʀɫɩɭɠɫɪɣɧʀɬɭɷ Ɏ ² ɫɫ ɬɣɱɣɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɹ ɥɩɫɩɨɩɹ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɦɣ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥʀ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɣ ɢ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀʁ ɓɭɛɮɯɠɨʀɝ ɂɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰɛ ȲȲ ² ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɩ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɩʁ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ ʀ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭɮ ɚɥ ɝɣ ɝɡɠ ɢɨɛɾɭɠ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰ ,, ɜɮɝ ɟɣɝɩɝɣɡɨɩɹ ɦɹɟɣɨɩɹ ɟɦɺ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ʀ ɨɠɢɝɣɲɨɣɧ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɠɧ ɟɦɺ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɪʀɟɟɛɨɣɰ Ɋɫɣ ɟɝɩɫʀ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɝ Ɋɛɦɠɫɧɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɢʀɜɫɛɨɩ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɰ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ʀ ɾɝɫɠɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɮɲɠɨɣɰ Ɍɛɧ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰ ,, ɪɣɬɛɝ ɨɛɮɥɩɝʀ ɭɫɛɥɭɛɭɣ ɦɛɭɣɨɩɹ ɝʀɫɳʀ ³ ʀɭɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɹ ɛ ɫɩɢɧɩɝɦɺɝ ɞɫɠɱɷɥɩɹ ɭɛ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɩɹ ɧɩɝɛɧɣ

Ʌɫɛʁɨɣ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ

Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰ ,, ɜɮɝ ɨɠ ɟɣɝɛɥɩɧ ɛ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɭɛɦɛɨɩɝɣɭɣɧ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦɠɧ ɪɫɩ ɴɩ ɬɝʀɟɲɛɭɷ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɝ Ɍɣɱɣɦʀʁ ɂɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɨɛɤɧɛɨɣɰ ɢɛɞɩɨʀɝ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨ ɝʀɨ ɪɫɣɟɮɳɣɝ ɪɩɝɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɤ ɩɪɫɣɦɹɟɨɣɝ ɮ ɫ Ʌɩɨɬɭɣɭɮɱʀɹ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɤ ɢɛɥɩɨ Ɍɣɱɣɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɑɠɤ ɟɩɥɮɧɠɨɭ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɩɜɧɠɡɮɝɛɝ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɯɠɩ ɟɛɦʀɝ ɭɛ ʁɰɨʀɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨʀ ɬɪɫɛɝɣ Ɏɬʀ ɢɛɧɥɣ ɪɩɜɮɟɩɝɛɨʀ ɢɨɛɭɭɹ ɢɛ ɩɬɭɛɨ ɨʀ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɢɛ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɧ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰɛ ,, ɜɮɦɩ ɢɫɮɤɨɩɝɛɨɩ Ɏɬɺ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɢɩɬɠɫɠɟɡɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɝ ɫɮɥɛɰ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɧʀɬɨɣɥʀɝ Ʌɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɠɫɠɟʀɦɠɨɩ ɨɛ ɟɠɝ·ɺɭɷ ɪɫɩɝʀɨɱʀɤ ɟɠ ɟʀɺɦɣ ɢɜɩɫɣ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɭɫɷɩɰ ɬɭɛɨʀɝ ³ ɧʀɴɛɨ ɜɛɫɩɨʀɝ ʀ ɝɣ ɴɩɞɩ ɟɮɰɩɝɠɨɬɭɝɛ Ɍɭɛɨɩɝʀ ɢɜɩɫɣ ɧɛɦɣ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɝɣɫʀɳɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɩɜɥɦɛɟɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɟɛɭɥɛɧɣ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɝɠɫɬɭɝ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɏɠɩɟɛɦɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɣɧɮɳɠɨʀ ɺɥ ʀ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɨɣ ɥɣ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɬɭɛɨʀɝ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɺɭɣɬɺ ɬɮɟɮ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɨɛɧʀɬɨɣɥʀɝ Ȳɬɨɮɝɛɝ ʀ ɩɟɣɨ ɬɪʀɦɷɨɣɤ ɟɦɺ ɝɬʀɰ ɪɫɩɝʀɨɱʀɤ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɮɟ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɢ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɧ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɣɧ ɬɮɟɟɠɹ Ɏɬɠ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɦɩ ɬɪɦɛɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɟɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɬɥɛɫɜɨɣɱʀ ɪɩɟɛɭɩɥ ɢɛ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɠɧɦɠɹ ɂɛ ɪɩɫɺɟɥɩɧ ɬɭɠɡɣɦɛ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɩɝɛɨɛ ɪɩɦʀɱʀɺ Ȳɬɨɮ ɝɛɦɣ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɛ ɨɛɤɧɛɨɛ ɛɫɧʀɺ ʀ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɯɦɩɭ ɴɩ ɪʀɟɪɩɫɺɟɥɩɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɜɠɢɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɹ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰ ,, ɪɫɣɟʀɦɺɝ ɮɝɛɞɮ ʀ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ ɂɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɧ ɫ ɝ Ɉɠɛ ɪɩɦʀ ɜɮɝ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɣɤ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭ ³ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɉɬɩɜɣ ɺɥʀ ɜɛɡɛɦɣ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɭɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɮ ɪɩɬɛɟɮ ɛɜɩ ɪɫɩɝɛɟɣɭɣ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɴɩ ɝɣɧɛɞɛɦɛ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɢɨɛɨɷ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɧɠɟɣɱɣɨɛ ɪɩɝɣɨɨʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɬɥɦɛɬɭɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨɣɤ ʀɬɪɣɭ ɂɟʀɤɬɨɠɨʀ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰɩɧ ,, ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɢɫɩɜɣɦɣ Ɍɣɱɣɦʀɤɬɷɥɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɪɠɫ ɳɩɹ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦʀɢɩɝɛɨɩɹ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɹ ³ ɥɫɛʁɨɩɹ ɴɩ ɪʀɟɪɩɫɺɟɥɩɝɛɨɛ ɾɟɣ ɨʀɤ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨʀɤ ɝɦɛɟʀ ɮ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɝɣɪɛɟɥɮ ³ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥʀɤ

Ȼɦɠ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰɛ ȲȲ ɫɩɢɩɫɣɦɣ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɂɛɨɠɪɛɦɣ ɥɝʀɭɮɲʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ȿɠɫɡɛɝɛ ɫɩɢɪɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɩɥɫɠɧʀ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨʀ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ Ɏ ɫ Ɍɣɱɣɦʀɺ ɪɩɭɫɛ ɪɣɦɛ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɮ Ȼɫɛɞɩɨɮ ɛ ɝ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ Ɉɠɛɪɩɦʀɭɛɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝʀ

ɢɛɥɫʀɪɣɦɛɬɺ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɛ ɟɣɨɛɬɭʀɺ Ȼɨɡɮ Ɉɠɛɪɩɦʀɭɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɦɣ ɝ ɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɟɩ ɯɦɩɫɠɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ʊɠɨɮɠɢɷ ɥɣɰ ʀ ɝɠɨɠɱʀɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɮɪɱʀɝ ɭɛ ɜɛɨɥʀɫʀɝ Ɉɛ Ɉɠɛɪɩɦʀɭɛɨɬɷɥɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɝɣɬɮɨɮɝ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɢʀʁ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ Ȼɫɛɞɩɨɮ ɺɥɣɤ ɮ ɫ ɟɩɧʀɞɬɺ ɬɝɩɞɩ Ɋʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ Ȼɫɛɞɩɨɮ Ɍɣ ɱɣɦʀɺ ʀ Ɉɠɛɪɩɦʀɭɛɨɬɷɥɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɧɛɦɣ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɥɩɫɩɭɥɣɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɬɭɛɜʀɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɤ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨɩɞɩ ɪʀɟɨɠɬɠɨɨɺ f Ⱦɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢɡɜɟɥɚ ɞɨ ɪɨɡɤɜɿɬɭ ɋɢɰɢɥɿʀ ɜ ɩɟɪɲɿɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɿ ɏȱȱȱ ɫɬ " Ȼ ɭɣɧ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɝ Ɏɥɫɛʁɨʀ« ² ɫɫ ³ ɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɥɣʁɝɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɨɺɢɺ ɇɬɭɣɬɦɛɝɛ Ƚɩɦɩɟɣɧɣɫɩ ɝɣɲɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

ɇɛɝɫɣ

ȼʀɤ ʀɬɪɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɧɛɝɫʀɝ

Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɛ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀɺ Ɏ 9,,²9,,, ɬɭ ɮɝɠɬɷ Ɋʀɫɠɨɠɤɬɷɥɣɤ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫʀɝ ɩɥɫʀɧ ɤɩɞɩ ɪʀɝɨʀɲɨɩʁ ɞʀɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɜɮɝ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɛɫɛɜɛɧɣ Ȱɝ ɫɩɪɠɤɱʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ʁɰ ɧɛɝɫɛɧɣ ɢɛ ɨɛɢ ɝɩɹ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩɬɭʀ ɇɛɝɫɣɭɛɨʀɺ ɝ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨʀɤ Ȼɯɫɣɱʀ ɢɝʀɟɥɣ ɭʀ ɪɫɣɤɳɦɣ ɟɩ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀʁ Ɉɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ; ɬɭ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫʀ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀʁ ɝʀɟɩɥɫɠɧɣ ɦɣɬɺ ɝʀɟ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭɮ ʀ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɩɥɫɠɧɮ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɮ ³ Ʌɩɫɟɩɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɰɛɦʀ ɯɛɭ ɇɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɬɷɥɛ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀɺ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣ ɦɛɬɺ ɝ ɨɛɤɫɩɢɝɣɨɠɨʀɳɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɭɩɞɩɲɛɬ ɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɂɝʀɟɬɣ ɝ Ȱɝɫɩɪɮ ɪɫɩɨɣɥɛɦɣ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɩʁ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɤ ɨɛɮɥɣ ɂɛ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀɺ ɟɩ ɬɺɞɦɛ ɨɠɜɛɲɠɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭɮ Ɏ ɥɫɛʁɨʀ ɴɩ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɪɩɭɠɫɪɛɦɛ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɬɮɰɣ ɛɫɛɜɣ ɢɛ ɪɫɩɝɛɟɣɦɣ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɮ ɳɭɮɲɨɩɞɩ ɢɫɩɳɮɝɛɨ ɨɺ ʀ ɝɣɫɩɴɮɝɛɦɣ ɫɣɬ ɱɮɥɫɩɝɮ ɭɫɩɬɭɣɨɮ ɛɪɠɦɷɬɣɨɣ ɦɣɧɩɨɣ ɭɛ ʀɨɳʀ ɨɩɝʀ ɥɮɦɷ ɭɮɫɣ Ƚʀɟɨɩɝɣɦɩɬɺ ɝɣɟɩɜɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɬɫʀɜɦɛ ɪɠɫɠɡɣɝɛɦɣ ɪʀɟɨɠɬɠɨɨɺ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɛ Ʌɮɪɱʀ ɝɠɢɦɣ ɢ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀʁ ɟɩ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɳɩɝɥɩɝʀ ɭɛ ɝɩɝɨɺɨʀ ɭɥɛɨɣɨɣ ɝɣɫɩ ɜɣ ɢ ɧɠɭɛɦɮ ɳɥʀɫɣ ɬɥɦɛ Ȳɬɪɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɛɫɛɜɣ ɨɛɦɛɞɩɟɣɦɣ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦɹ ɢ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɧɣ Ɍɰɩɟɮ Ƚʀɢɛɨɭʀɾɹ ɏɫɛɨɱʀɾɹ ɭɛ Ȳɭɛɦʀɾɹ ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɢɫɩɬɦɛ ɥʀɦɷ ɥʀɬɭɷ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ Ʌɩɫɟɩɝɛ ³ ɬɭɩɦɣɱɺ ɰɛ ɦʀɯɛɭɮ ³ ɝ ;, ɬɭ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɧ ɧʀɬɭɩɧ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɐɛɦʀɯɣ ɝɦɛɳɭɮɝɛɦɣ ɭɮɭ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɮ ɜʀɜɦʀɩɭɠɥɮ ɴɩ ɧʀɬɭɣɦɛ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɬɩɭɠɨɷ ɭɣɬɺɲ ɥɨɣɞ ʀ ɝɣɴɮ ɳɥɩɦɮ ɟɠ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɣɬɺ ɭɣɬɺɲʀ ɬɭɮɟɠɨɭʀɝ ȿɩ Ʌɩɫɟɩɝɣ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɪɫɣ ʁɡɟɡɛɦɣ ɨɛɝɲɛɭɣɬɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɣ ɢ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ȿɩ ɨɛɳɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɣɬɺ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɥɣ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɣ ɪɩɜɮɟɩɝɛɨʀ ɛɫɛɜɛɧɣ ɝ Ȳɬɪɛ ɨʀʁ Ʌɩɫɟɩɝɬɷɥɛ ɧɠɲɠɭɷ ɪɛɦɛɱ Ȼɦɷɞɛɧɜɫɛ

Ʌɫɛʁɨɣ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ

ɝ ʉɫɛɨɛɟʀ ɪɛɦɛɱ Ȼɦɷɥɛɬɛɫ ɮ Ɍɠɝʀɦɷʁ ɭɛ ʀɨ Ƚɩɨɣ ɢɛɬɝʀɟɲɮɹɭɷ ɟɣɝɩɝɣɡɨɠ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɭɛ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɛɫɰʀ ɭɠɥɭɮɫɨɣɰ ɬɭɣɦʀɝ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɪɩɫɺɟ ʀɢ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɧɣ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɧɣ ɮ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭʀ ɪɩɾɟɨɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɠ ɞɨɩɜɦɠɨɨɺ ɭɛ ʀɬɦɛɧʀɢɛɱʀɺ ɨɛɝɠɫɨɠɨɨɺ ɟɩ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɝʀɫɣ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛ ɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ X Ʉɨɥɢ ɭɬɜɨɪɢɜɫɹ Ʉɨɪɞɨɜɫɶɤɢɣ ɯɚɥɿɮɚɬ"

Ȼɦɷɞɛɧɜɫɛ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀɺ

ɬɮɲɛɬɨɣɤ ɝɣɞɦɺɟ

ɋɠɥɩɨɥʀɬɭɛ Ɍɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ Ȳɬɪɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ ȼɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢɛ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɠɨɨɺ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀʁ ɝʀɟ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɧɛɝɫʀɝ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɦɛɬɺ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɩɟɫɛɢɮ ɪʀɬɦɺ ʁʁ ɪɩɨɠɝɩɦɠɨɨɺ ɑɠɨɭɫɩɧ ɱʀɾʁ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ȼɬɭɮɫʀɺ ɴɩ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɩɬɺ ɝ ɞɩɫɛɰ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ Ɋʀɫɠɨɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɦɩ ɨɛɢɝɮ Ɇɠɩɨ ɛ ɴɠ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ³ Ʌɛɬɭɣɦʀɺ ɥɫɛʁɨɛ ɢɛɧɥʀɝ ȼɠɢɦʀɲ ɢɜɮɟɩɝɛ ɨɣɰ ɢɛɧɥʀɝ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɩɪɩɫɩɹ ɟɦɺ ɪɫɩɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɂɝʀɦɷɨɠɨɨɺ ɢɛɤɨɺɭɣɰ ɛɫɛ ɜɛɧɣ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɦɩ ɨɛɢɝɮ ɋɠɥɩɨɥʀɬɭɛ ɝʀɟ ʀɬɪ UHFRQTXLVWD ³ ɝʀɟɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ʀ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɩ ɛɡ ɟɩ ɥʀɨɱɺ ;9 ɬɭ

Ɇɚɜɪɢ ² ɭɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɸɸɱɚ ɧɚɡɜɚ ɩɥɟɦɟɧ ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɥɢɥɢɫɹ ɧɚ ɉɿɪɟɧɟɣɫɶɤɢɣ ɩɿɜɨɫɬɪɿɜ ɡ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɚɪɚɛɫɶɤɢɯ ɡɚɜɨɸɜɚɧɶ ² ɜɿɞɜɨɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɪɨɞɚɦɢ ɉɿɪɟɧɟɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɿɜɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨ Ɋɟɤɨɧɤɿɫɬɚ ɪɿɣ ɡɚɯɨɩɥɟɧɢɯ ɚɪɚɛɚɦɢ Ɋɩɪɠɫɝɛɰ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɋɠɥɩɨɥʀɬɭɣ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɢ ɪɠɫɠɧʀɨɨɣɧ ɮɬɪʀɰɩɧ Ɏ ɐ ɬɭ ɢɛ ɪɫɛɝ ɦʀɨɨɺ ɰɛɦʀɯɛ Ȼɜɟ ɛɫ ɋɛɰɧɛɨɛ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɣ ɦɠɟɷ ɨɠ ɢɛɢɨɛɦɣ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɣ Ȼɫɛɜɬɷɥɠ ɝʀɤ ɬɷɥɩ ɪʀɟ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɩɧ ɝɣɟɛɭɨɩɞɩ ɪɩɦɥɩɝɩɟɱɺ ɛɦ ɇɛɨɬɮɫɛ ©Ɋɠɫɠɧɩɡɠɱɷª ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɦɩ ɮɟɛɦɣɰ ɫɠɤɟʀɝ ɮ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ Ȼɦɠ ɝɡɠ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɩ ɞɩ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀ ɨɠɞɛɫɛɢɟɣ ɰɛɦʀɯɛɭɮ ɺɥɣɤ ɫɩɢɪɛɝɬɺ ɨɛ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɠɧʀɫɛɭʀɝ ɟɛɦɣ ɢɧɩɞɮ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɛɧ ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɢ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɧ Ʌɛɬɭɣɦʀʁ Ȼɦɷɯɩɨɬɩɧ 9Ȳ ɢɝʀɦɷɨɣɭɣ ɟɛɝ ɨɹ ɬɭɩɦɣɱɹ ɝɠɬɭɞɩɭɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɍɩɦɠɟɩ Ɏɬɪʀɰɣ ɋɠɥɩɨɥʀɬɭɣ ɪɫɣɪɛɦɣ ɨɛ ;,²;,,, ɬɭ ɥɩɦɣ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɨɩɬɱʀ ©ɢɝʀɦɷɨɺɦɣª Ɋɛ ɦɠɬɭɣɨɮ ɛ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥʀ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ɏ ɝɣɢɝɩɦɠɨɨʀ Ɋʀɫɠɨɠɤ ɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ ɝʀɟ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɜɫɛɦɣ ɮɲɛɬɭɷ ɨɠ ɦɣɳɠ ɧʀɬɱɠɝʀ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ ɛ ɤ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ ɢ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨ ɂɛ ɫɣɱɛɫɺɧɣ ɺɥ ʀ ɨɛ ɬɰɩɟʀ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ʀɳɦɣ ɬɠɦɺɨɣ ɩɬʀɟɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɧɠɲɛɧɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɮ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡ ɨʀɬɭɷ ɛ ɡɣɭɠɦʀ ɝɣɢɝɩɦɠɨɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ³ ɬɛɧɩɝɫɺɟɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɋɣɱɛɫʀ ɪɫɣɝɦɛɬɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɝɠ ɦɣɲɠɢɨʀ ɧɛɾɭɥɣ ɤ ɪɛɦɛɱɣ ɺɥʀ ɫɛɨʀɳɠ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɦɣ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɛɧ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

Ȼɦɷɯɩɨɬɩ 9,,,

Ɉɛ ɝɣɢɝɩɦɠɨʀɤ ɝʀɟ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀʁ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭ ɥɮ ;,, ɬɭ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥʀ ɟɠɫɡɛ ɝɣ ³ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ʌɛɬɭɣɦʀɺ Ȼɫɛɞɩɨ Ɉɛɝɛɫɫɛ ʀ Ɋɩɫɭɮɞɛɦʀɺ ɒɛɬɩɧ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɨɛɪɫɮɡɠɨɩʁ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɬɭɛɦɩ ;,, ɬɭ Ɍɛɧɠ ɭɩɟʀ ɋɠɥɩɨɥʀɬɭɛ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɨɮ ɝʀɤɨɮ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨ ȿɦɺ ɜɩ ɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɺɥ ʀ ɨɛ Ɍɰɩɟʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɛɨʀ ɟɮ ɰɩɝɨɩ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɩɫɟɠɨɣ ³ Ɍɛɨɭ ɚɞɩ Ȼɦɷɥɛɨɭɛ ɫɛ Ʌɛɦɛɭɫɛɝɛ ɋɣɱɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɮɬɪʀɳɨɩ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɛɦɣ ɪɫɣɧɮɳɮɹɲɣ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɝʀɟɬɭɮɪɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɠɨɷ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ Ƚɣɫʀɳɛɦɷɨɛ ɜɣɭɝɛ ɝʀɟɜɮɦɛɬɺ ɝ ɫ Ʌɩɫɩɦɷ Ʌɛɬɭɣ ɦʀʁ Ȼɦɷɯɩɨɬɩ 9,,, ɨɛ ɲɩɦʀ ɬɩɹɢɨɩɞɩ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɛ ɝɴɠɨɭ ɫɩɢɜɣɝ ɜɠɫɜɠɫʀɝ ɪɫɣ Ɇɛɬ Ɉɛɝɛɬ ɟɠ ɍɩɦɩɬɛ Ɏ ɰ ɫɫ ;,,, ɬɭ ɪʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɛɬɺ ɦɣɳɠ ɨɠɝɠɦɣɥɛ ɭɠɫɣɭɩɫʀɺ ʉɫɛɨɛɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɠɧʀɫɛɭɮ

Ʌɫɛʁɨɣ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ

Ɉɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;,9 ɬɭ ɋɠɥɩɨɥʀɬɭɛ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɺɥ ɨɛ ɬɭɩ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɪɫɣɪɣɨɣɦɛɬɺ ȿɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɴɩ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɦɣɬɺ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɋɠɥɩɨ ɥʀɬɭʀ ɪɠɫɠɤɧɛɦɣɬɺ ɢɛɦɛɞɩɟɡɠɨɨɺɧ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨʀɰ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧ Ʌɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ȼɫɛɞɩɨ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɬɝɩʁ ɢɮɬɣɦɦɺ ɬɪɫɺɧɮɝɛɦɩ ɨɛ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɥɩɨɭɫɩɦɹ ɨɛɟ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɣɧ Ɍɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩ ɧɩɫ·ɺɧ Ƚɩɨɩ ɢɛɰɩɪɣɦɩ ȼɛɦɠɛɫɬɷɥʀ ɩɬɭɫɩɝɣ Ɍɣɱɣɦʀɹ ʀ Ɍɛɫɟɣɨʀɹ ɛ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ʀ Ɉɠɛɪɩɦʀɭɛɨɬɷɥɠ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ɏ ɥɩ ɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝʀ Ʌɛɬɭɣɦʀɺ ɝɬɺ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɜɮɦɛ ɬɪɫɺɧɩɝɛɨɛ ɨɛ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ ʀɨɩɝʀɫɱʀɝ ³ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨ ɭɛ ʀɮɟɠʁɝ Ʌɩɫɩ ɦʀɝɬɭɝɩ Ɋɩɫɭɮɞɛɦʀɺ ɝɟɛɦɩɬɺ ɟɩ ɩɬɝɩɾɨɨɺ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɫʀɝ Ȼɭ ɦɛɨɭɣɥɣ ɭɛ ɮɢɜɠɫɠɡɡɺ Ȼɯɫɣɥɣ ɏɠɫɨɛɨɟɩ Ɏ ɫ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɥ ɛɫɛɞɩɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦɮ ɏɠɫɨɛɨ ɟɩ ɮɢɺɝ ɳɦɹɜ ʀɢ ɥɩɫɩɦɠɝɩɹ Ʌɛɬɭɣɦʀʁ Ȳɢɛɜɠɦɷ ɫʀɥ ɥɩɦɣ ɨɛ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦ Ȼɫɛɞɩɨɮ ɝɬɭɮɪɣɝ ɏɠɫɨɛɨɟɩ ɝɝɛɡɛɾɭɷ ɬɺ ɟɛɭɩɹ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɟɝɩɰ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝ ɮ ɾɟɣɨɮ Ȳɬ ɪɛɨʀɹ Ɏɭʀɧ ɪɫɩɱɠɬ ɫɠɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ Ʌɛɬɭɣɦʀʁ ɭɛ Ȼɫɛɞɩɨɮ ɫɩɢɭɺɞɨɮɝɬɺ ɨɛɟɩɝɞɩ ɉɜɣɟɝʀ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɣ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɬɮɭɭɾɝɩ ɫʀɢɨɣɦɣɬɺ ɏɠɫɨɛɨɟɩ ɭɛ Ȳɢɛɜɠɦɷ ɛɥɭɣɝɨɩ ɝɢɺɦɣ ɬɺ ɢɛ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɾɟɣɨɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ʀɢ ɬɣɦɷɨɩɹ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɦɷ ɨɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɋʀɢɨʀ ɢɛ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɩɧ ³ ɫɩɢɮɧɨɛ ɧ·ɺɥɛ ɟɩɜɫɩɢɣɲɦɣɝɛ Ȳɢɛɜɠɦɷ ʀ ɜɫɠɰɦɣɝɣɤ ɰɣɭɫɣɤ ɪʀɟɬɭɮɪɨɣɤ ɏɠɫɨɛɨɟɩ ³ ɜɮɦɣ ɾɟɣɨʀ ɮ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɫɠɦʀɞʀɤɨɩɧɮ ɯɛɨɛɭɣɢ ɧʀ ɭɛ ɪɫɛɞɨɠɨɨʀ ɟɩ ɛɜɬɩɦɹɭɨɩʁ ɝɦɛɟɣ Ɏɬɠ ɴɩ ɢɛɝɛɡɛɦɩ Ȳɢɛɜɠɦɷ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɪʀɟɦɺɞɛɦɩ ɢɨɣɴɠɨɨɹ ʀɨɩɝʀɫɱʀ ɧʀɬɱɠɝʀ ɝɩɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɥɩɧɮɨɛɦɷɨʀ ɪɫɛɝɛ ɪɫɣɝʀɦɠʁ ɟɝɩɫɺɨ ɭɩɴɩ ɇɩɨɛɫɰɣ ɛɥ ɭɣɝɨɩ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɣ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɨɮ ʀɨɥɝʀɢɣɱʀɹ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɢɧʀɱɨɠɨɨɺ ɝɦɛɟɣ ʀ ɨɛɪɩɝɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɥɛɫɜɨɣɱʀ ɏɠɫɨɛɨɟɩ ɭɛ Ȳɢɛɜɠɦɷ ɝɢɺɦɣɬɺ ɢɛ ɝɣɫʀɳɠɨɨɺ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɷɩɞɩ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɋɠ ɥɩɨɥʀɬɭɣ ³ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ʉɫɛɨɛɟɣ ³ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨ ɨɛ ɟɛɦɠɥɩɧɮ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ Ɋʀɫɠɨɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪʀɝɩɬɭɫɩɝɛ ȱɧɤɜɿɡɢɰɿɹ ² ɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɢɣ ɫɭɞ ɹɤɢɣ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɜɫɹ ɹɤ ɡɧɚɪɹɞɞɹ ɡɦɿɰɧɟɧ ɧɹ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɨɠɭɫɣɝɛɦɩʁ ɝʀɤɨɣ ɬʀɲɨɺ ɫ ɨɛɟ ɬɭɩɫɩɡɩɝɩɹ ɝɠɡɠɹ ɟɝɩɫɮ ʊɫɛɨɛɟ ɬɷɥɣɰ ɠɧʀɫʀɝ ɜɮɦɩ ɪʀɟɨɺɭɩ ʀɬɪɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɫɛɪɩɫ Ɏɧɩɝɣ ɥɛɪʀɭɮɦɺɱʀʁ ɠɧʀɫɛɭɮ ɜɮɦɣ ɟɦɺ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɝɣɞʀɟɨɣɧɣ ɛɟɡɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɜɠɫʀɞɛɦɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɢɠɧɦɹ ɭɛ ɝʀɫɮ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɢ ɧɩɧɠɨɭɮ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ ɝɬʀ ɩɜʀɱɺɨɥɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɪɩɫɮɳɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ Ɉɛ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ʉɫɛɨɛɟɣ ɳɛɦɠɨʀɦɛ ʀɨɥɝʀɢɣɱʀɺ ɪɩɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɨɛɬɣɦɷɨɣɱɷɥɠ ɰɫɠɴɠɨɨɺ ɏɠɫɨɛɨɟɩ ɭɛ Ȳɢɛɜɠɦɷ ɜɮɦɣ ɯɛɨɛɭɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɥɛɧɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɪɛɪɣ ɪɩɲɠɬ ɨɣɤ ɭɣɭɮɦ ³ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀ Ɏ ɫ ɏɠɫɨɛɨɟɩ ɭɛ Ȳɢɛɜɠɦɷ ɝɣɟɛɦɣ ɮɥɛɢ ɢɞʀɟɨɩ ɢ ɺɥɣɧ ɥɩɡɠɨ ɧɛɝɫ ɛɜɩ ɾɝɫɠɤ ɧɛɝ ɛɜɩ ɰɫɠɬɭɣɭɣɬɺ ɛɜɩ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɭɣ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀɹ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

ɑɠɤ ɮɥɛɢ ɢɛɪɩɲɛɭɥɮɝɛɝ ɧɛɬɩɝɣɤ ɝɣʁɢɟ ɢ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀʁ ɧɛɝɫʀɝ ɭɛ ɾɝɫɠʁɝ ɴɩ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɩ ɟɩ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟɮ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦʀ ɫɠɧɠɬɠɦ ɬʀɦɷɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɛɫɬɭɝɛ ɟɩ ɢɨɠɦɹɟɨɠɨɨɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɭɠɫɠɨʀɝ ɑʀɨɩɹ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀʁ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɡɠɫɭɝɣ ʀɨɥɝʀɢɣɱʀʁ ɬɩɭɨʀ ɭɣɬɺɲ ɝɣɞɨɛɨɱʀɝ ɭɛ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɲɨɣɤ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɫɛɤɩɨʀɝ ɑʀ ɨɠɞɛɭɣɝɨʀ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɥɣ ɨɛ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɣ ɭɛɥɣɧɣ ɝʀɟɲɮɭɨɣɧɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɪɫɩɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɟɠɴɩ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɬɛɧɠ ɝ ɱɠɤ ɲɛɬ Ʌɩ ɦɮɧɜ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɝ Ȼɧɠɫɣɥɮ ʀɢ ɺɥɩʁ ɟɩ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀʁ ɫɣɨɮɦɩ ɬɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɢɩɦɩɭɛ ʀ ɬɫʀɜɦɛ ɴɩ ɢɛɨɠ ɪɛɟ ɠɥɩɨɩɧʀɥɣ ɨʀɥɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɬɰɝɣɦɹɝɛɝ

Ɂɚɤɪɿɩɢɦɨ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ 1. əɤɢɯ ɡɚɜɨɣɨɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɥɚ ȱɬɚɥɿɹ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ" 2. əɤɢɦɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɪɨɡɞɪɨɛɥɟɧɨɫɬɿ ȱɬɚɥɿʀ" ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɿ ɿɬɚɥɿɣɫɶɤɿ ɦɿɫɬɚ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɢ 3. ɑɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ȱɬɚɥɿʀ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɥɢ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɢ ɤɨɥɢ ɜ ɭɫɿɣ ȯɜɪɨɩɿ ɜɥɚɞɚ ɦɨɧɚɪɯɚ ɛɭɥɚ ɧɟɡɚɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɸ" 4. ɏɬɨ ɬɚɤɿ ʉɜɟɥɶɮɢ ɬɚ ʉɿɛɟɥɿɧɢ" 5. ɍ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɪɨɰɿ ɜ Ɋɢɦɿ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɚɫɹ ɫɩɪɨɛɚ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɭ" 6. Ɂɚ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɋɢɰɢɥɿɣɫɶɤɟ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɫɹɝɥɨ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɨʀ ɦɨɝɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ" 7. Ʉɨɝɨ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɰɿ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɥɢ ɦɚɜɪɚɦɢ" 8. ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ Ɋɟɤɨɧɤɿɫɬɚ" 9. əɤɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɜɢɧɢɤɥɢ ɧɚ ɉɿɪɟɧɟɣɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɩɿɜɨɫɬɪɨɜɿ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ Ɋɟɤɨɧɤɿɫɬɢ" 10. əɤ ɿ ɤɨɥɢ ɛɭɥɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɨ ȱɫɩɚɧɫɶɤɟ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɬɜɨ" 11. əɤɭ ɪɨɥɶ ɜɿɞɿɝɪɚɜɚɥɚ ɉɚɩɫɶɤɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɭ ɠɢɬɬɿ ȱɬɚɥɿʀ ɬɚ ȯɜɪɨɩɢ" 12. Ɉɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɢ Ɏɪɿɞɪɿɯɚ ȱȱ ɜ ɋɢɰɢɥɿɣɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜɫɬɜɿ 13. ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɪɢɫɢ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɚɪɚɛɫɶɤɨʀ ȱɫɩɚɧɿʀ 14. Ɂ¶ɹɫɭɣɬɟ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɿ ɿ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɿ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɢ Ɋɟɤɨɧɤɿɫɬɢ

Ʌɫɛʁɨɣ ɜɛɬɠɤɨɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟɢɠɧɨɩɞɩ ɧɩɫɺ

Ɂɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɭɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɟɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɬɟɦɨɸ ©ȯɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɟ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɚ ɜ ɏ±ɏ9 ɫɬ ª

1. ɋɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɩɪɨ ɨɞɧɭ ɡ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɧɢɯ ɛɢɬɜ ɋɥɟɣɫ Ⱥɡɟɧɤɭɪ ɉɭɚɬɶɽ Ʉɪɟɫɿ ɬɚ ɿɧ 2. ɋɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɡ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɧɢɯ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɢɯ ɞɿɹɱɿɜ Ɏɿɥɿɩɩ ȱȱ Ⱥɜɝɭɫɬ Ɏɿɥɿɩɩ ȱ9 Ʉɪɚɫɢɜɢɣ ɀɚɧɧɚ ɞ¶Ⱥɪɤ Ʌɸɞɨɜɿɤ ɏȱ Ɋɿɱɚɪɞ ȱ Ʌɟɜɨɜɟ ɋɟɪɰɟ Ƚɟɧɪɿɯ ȱȱ ɉɥɚɧɬɚʉɟɧɟɬ Ⱥɥɶɮɪɟɞ ȼɟɥɢɤɢɣ ȼɿɥɶɝɟɥɶɦ Ɂɚɜɨɣɨɜɧɢɤ Ɉɬɬɨɧ ȱ Ɏɪɿɞɪɿɯ ȱ Ȼɚɪɛɚɪɨɫɫɚ Ɏɪɿɞɪɿɯ ȱȱ ɒɬɚɭɮɟɧ 3. Ⱦɚɣɬɟ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɿ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɿɜ ©ɩɚɪɥɚɦɟɧɬª ©Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɿ ɲɬɚɬɢª ©ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɚª ©ɝɪɨɦɚɞɹɧɫɶɤɚ ɜɿɣɧɚª ©ɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɦɨɧɚɪɯɿɹª ©ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɚª ©ɟɩɨɯɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɧɿɜª ©ɪɟɝɟɧɬª ©ɞɨɮɿɧª ©ɜɿɤɿɧɝɢª ©ɏɪɟɫɬɨɜɿ ɩɨɯɨɞɢª ©ɩɚɪɥɚɦɟɧɬª ©ɤɨɪɬɟɫɢª ©ɫɟɣɦª ©Ɋɟɤɨɧɤɿɫɬɚª ©ɋɬɨɥɿɬɧɹ ɜɿɣɧɚª ©Ɂɨɥɨɬɚ ɛɭɥɥɚª 4. ȼɢɤɨɧɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɸ ɤɚɪɬɨɸ ɭɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɢ ɩɨɯɨɞɿɜ ɜɿɤɿɧɝɿɜ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɡɚɫɧɨɜɚɧɿ ɧɢɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɩɨɤɚɠɿɬɶ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɳɨ ɜɢɧɢɤɥɢ ɜ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɿɣ ȯɜɪɨɩɿ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ ɨɛɜɟɞɿɬɶ ɤɨɪɞɨɧɢ ɋɜɹɳɟɧɧɨʀ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɨʀ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ ɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɦ ɩɨɯɨɞɿɜ ɿɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɿɜ ɛ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɳɨ ɡɚɡɧɚɥɢ ɧɿɦɟɰɶɤɨɝɨ ©ɧɚɫɬɭɩɭ ɧɚ ɋɯɿɞª ɩɨɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɦɿɫɰɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɿɣ ɋɬɨɥɿɬɧɶɨʀ ɜɿɣɧɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɜɨɥɨɞɿɥɢ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɶɤɿ ɤɨɪɨɥɿ ɞɨ ɿ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɜɿɣɧɢ 5. ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɱɨɦɭ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɶɤɢɣ ɤɨɪɨɥɶ ɜɢɹɜɢɜɫɹ ɫɥɚɛɲɢɦ ɡɚ ɞɟɹɤɢɯ ɝɟɪɰɨɝɿɜ ɿ ɧɚɜɿɬɶ ɝɪɚɮɿɜ 6. ɋɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɭɫɿɯ ɜɬɨɪɝɧɟɧɶ ɹɤɢɯ ɡɚɡɧɚɥɢ Ȼɪɢɬɚɧɫɶɤɿ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɢ ɩɨɱɢɧɚɸɱɢ ɡ ɪɢɦɥɹɧ ɍ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɪɢɫɚɯ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɳɨ ɞɚɥɨ ɚɛɨ ɡɚɛɪɚɥɨ ɤɨɠɧɟ ɧɨɜɟ ɜɬɨɪɝɧɟɧɧɹ 7. ȼɢɫɥɨɜɬɟ ɫɜɨɽ ɫɭɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɳɨɞɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɣ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɋɬɨɥɿɬɧɶɨʀ ɜɿɣɧɢ ɞɥɹ ʀʀ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɚɝɚɥɨɦ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɨʀ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ 8. ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɜɢ ɜɛɚɱɚɽɬɟ ɩɨɞɜɢɝ ɀɚɧɧɢ ɞ¶Ⱥɪɤ" əɤɚ ʀʀ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ Ɏɪɚɧɰɿʀ" 9. ɓɨ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭ ɯɪɟɫɬɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɯɨɞɿɜ ɭ ɉɚɥɟɫɬɢɧɭ Ɋɟɤɨɧɤɿɫɬɿ ©ɇɚɬɢɫɤɭ ɧɚ ɋɯɿɞª" 10. əɤ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɥɢɫɹ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɢ ɦɿɠ ɪɢɦɫɶɤɢɦɢ ɩɚɩɚɦɢ ɿ ɤɨɪɨɥɹɦɢ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜ ɭ ɏȱ±ɏ9 ɫɬ "

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

Çàâäàííÿ äëÿ òåìàòè÷íîãî îö³íþâàííÿ 1.

Ɂɚ ɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ Ɏɪɚɧɰɿʀ ɜɢɧɢɤ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜ ɧɢɰɬɜɚ ² Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɿ ɲɬɚɬɢ" Ȼ ɏʀɦʀɪɪ ȲȲ Ȼɝɞɮɬɭ

ȼ ɏʀɦʀɪɪ Ȳ9 Ʌɫɛɬɣɝɣɤ Ƚ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ Ȳɐ Ɍɝɺɭɣɤ Ⱦ Ɇɹɟɩɝʀɥ 9Ȳ ɍɩɝɬɭɣɤ 2.

əɤɟ ɿɦ¶ɹ ɩɟɪɲɨɝɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɧɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ Ⱥɧɝɥɿʀ" Ȼ Ȼɦɷɯɫɠɟ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ȼ ɀɟɮɛɫɟ Ɍɪɩɝʀɟɨɣɥ Ƚ Ⱦɛɫɩɦɷɟ Ⱦ Ƚʀɦɷɞɠɦɷɧ ɂɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥ

3.

Ʉɨɥɢ ɛɚɪɨɧɢ ɩɪɢɦɭɫɢɥɢ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɚɬɢ ©ȼɟɥɢɤɭ ɯɚɪɬɿɸ ɜɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣª" Ȼ ɫ ȼ ɫ Ƚ ɫ Ⱦ ɫ

4.

ȼɢɫɥɿɜ ©ɏɨɞɢɬɢ ɜ Ʉɚɧɨɫɫɭª ɡ¶ɹɜɢɜɫɹ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɤɨɧɮɥɿɤɬɭ ɉɚɩɢ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɨɝɨ Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɿɹ 9ȱȱ ɡ ɿɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ Ȼ Ⱦɠɨɫʀɰɩɧ Ȳ9 ȼ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰɩɧ Ȳ Ƚ ɉɭɭɩɨɩɧ Ȳ Ⱦ ɏɫʀɟɫʀɰɩɧ ȲȲ

5.

ɓɨ ɫɩɪɢɹɥɨ ɡɚɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɸ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɪɨɡɞɪɨɛɥɟɧɨɫɬɿ ɋɜɹɳɟɧɧɨʀ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɨʀ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ" Ȼ ɨɠɝɟɛɲʀ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫʀɝ ɮ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɣɰ ɪɩɰɩɟɛɰ ɝ Ɋɛɦɠɬɭɣɨɮ ȼ ɪɫɩɝɛɦ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɣ ©Ɉɛɭɣɬɥɮ ɨɛ Ɍɰʀɟª Ƚ ɪɩɫɛɢɥɛ Ȳɭɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɩɦʀɭɣɥɣ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫʀɝ Ⱦ ɝɭɫɛɭɛ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɷ ɮ ɝʀɤɨɛɰ ʀɢ ɏɫɛɨɱʀɾɹ

6.

Ɉɪɝɚɧ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɜ ɋɜɹɳɟɧɧɿɣ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɿɣ ɿɦɩɟɪɿʀ ɦɚɜ ɧɚɡɜɭ Ȼ ɪɛɫɦɛɧɠɨɭ ȼ Ⱦɠɨɠɫɛɦɷɨʀ ɳɭɛɭɣ Ƚ ɫɠɤɰɬɭɛɞ Ⱦ ɥɩɨɥɦɛɝ

ɂɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɱʀɨɹɝɛɨɨɺ

7.

191

ɇɚ ɉɿɪɟɧɟɣɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɩɿɜɨɫɬɪɨɜɿ ɚɪɚɛɿɜ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɥɢ A ɧɛɧɦɹɥɛɧɣ ȼ ɬɛɫɛɱɣɨɛɧɣ B ɬɠɦɷɟɡɮɥɛɧɣ Ⱦ ɧɛɝɫɛɧɣ

8.

ɉɪɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɭ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ ɣɞɟɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɭɪɢɜɤɭ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ"

©ɑɷɩɞɩ > @ ɫɩɥɮ ɢʀɜɫɛɝ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ Ȼɦɷɯɩɨɬ ɝɠɦɣɥɠ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩ ɤ ɫɩɢɪɩɲɛɝ ɩɜɦɩɞɮ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɇɛɝɫɣ ɟɩɜɫɠ ɮɥɫʀɪɣɦɣ ɍɩɦɠɟɩ Ȼɦɠ ɢʀɜɫɛɦɩɬɺ ɝ ɍɩɦɠɟɩ ɨɛɟɭɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɦɹɟɠɤ ʀ ɝɣɲɠɫɪɛɦɣɬɺ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɪɛɬɣ ɤ ɟɩɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɧɛɝɫɛɧ ɢɟɛɭɣ ɧʀɬɭɩ ª" Ȼ ɋɠɥɩɨɥʀɬɭɮ ȼ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢ ɾɫɠɭɣɥɛɧɣ Ƚ ©Ɉɛɭɣɬɥɮ ɨɛ Ɍɰʀɟª Ⱦ ɥɩɧɮɨɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɫɮɰ 9.

Ƚɨɥɨɜɧɢɦ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɨɦ ɞɨɯɨɞɿɜ ɿɬɚɥɿɣɫɶɤɢɯ ɦɿɫɶɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɿɤ ʈɟɧɭɹ ɿ ȼɟɧɟɰɿɹ ɛɭɥɢ Ȼ ɫɠɧɠɬɦɛ ȼ ɧʀɡɨɛɫɩɟɨɛ ɭɩɫɞʀɝɦɺ Ƚ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝʀ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɣ Ⱦ ɢɩɦɩɭʀ ɥɩɪɛɦɷɨʀ

10. ɋɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɿ ɦɿɧɿɚɬɸɪɢ ɫɥɭɝɭɸɬɶ ɿɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɿɽɸ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɩɪɨ ɩɨɞɿʀ

Ȼ Ɍɭɩɦʀɭɨɷɩʁ ɝʀɤɨɣ ȼ ɨɩɫɧɛɨɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɢɛɝɩɹɝɛɨɨɺ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ Ƚ ɪɩɰɩɟʀɝ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ Ⱦ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ©Ɉɛɭɣɬɥɮ ɨɛ Ɍɰʀɟª

192

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ ȲȲȲ Ȱɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɠ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ʀ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɝ ;²;9 ɬɭ

11. ɏɬɨ ɡɜɟɪɧɭɜɫɹ ɡ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɩɨɫɥɚɧɧɹɦ ɞɨ ɚɧɝɥɿɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ" ©Ƚɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ʀ ɝɣ ɞɠɫɱɩɞ ȼɠɟɯɩɫɟ ɴɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɾ ɬɠɜɠ ɫɠɞɠɨɭɩɧ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ ɏɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɝɣɥɩɨɛɤɭɠ ɬɝʀɤ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɩɥ ɪɠɫɠɟ Ɉɠɜɠɬɨɣɧ Ʌɩɫɩɦɠɧ« ɝʀɟɟɛɤɭɠ ȿʀɝʀ« ɥɦɹɲʀ ɝʀɟ ɮɬʀɰ ɟɩɜɫɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ɺɥɣɧ ɝɣ ɨɛɬɣɦɷɨɩ ɢɛɝɩɦɩɟʀɦɣ ɮ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ« ʀ ɝɣ ɝɬʀ« ɰɭɩ ɪɠɫɠɜɮɝɛɾ ɪʀɟ ɉɫɦɠɛɨɩɧ ɪɩɝɠɫɭɛɤɭɠɬɺ« ɝ ɬɝɩʁ ɥɫɛʁɨɣ ɛ ɺɥɴɩ ɝɣ ɭɛɥ ɨɠ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɠ ɲɠɥɛɤɭɠ ɝʀɬɭɩɥ ɝʀɟ ȿʀɝɣ ɺɥɛ ɨɠɢɛɜɛɫɩɧ ɪɫɣɤɟɠ ɟɩ ɝɛɬ ɝɛɧ ɨɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɠ ɞɩɫɠ ɚɥɴɩ ɝɣ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ ɨɠ ɝɲɣɨɣɭɠ ɭɛɥ ɭɩ ɺ ɜɠɫɮ ɨɛ ɬɠɜɠ ɥɠɫʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɝʀɤɨɩɹ ʀ ɟɠ ɜ ɨɠ ɨɛɭɫɛɪɣɦɛ ɨɛ ɝɛɳɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɮ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɺ ɢɧɮɳɮ ʁɰ ɪʀɭɣ ɰɩɲɮɭɷ ɝɩɨɣ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɲɣ ɨʀ« ɇɠɨɠ ɨɛɪɫɛɝɣɝ ɬɹɟɣ ȼɩɞ Ɉɠɜɠɬɨɣɤ Ʌɩɫɩɦɷ ɺɥ ɬɝɩɹ ɢɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɱɹ ɴɩɜ ɪɫɩɞɨɛɭɣ ɝɛɬ ɢ ɮɬʀɾʁ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁª Ȼ Ƚɩɭ ɍɛɤɦɠɫ ȼ Ɂɛɨɨɛ ɟ·Ȼɫɥ Ƚ ɋɩɜʀɨ Ⱦɮɟ Ⱦ ɍɩɧɛɬ ȼɠɥɥɠɭ 12. Ȼɢɬɜɚ ɩɿɞ Ƚɚɫɬɿɧɝɫɨɦ ɜɢɪɿɲɢɥɚ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɭ ɞɨɥɸ Ȼ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨɣ ȼ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ Ƚ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ Ⱦ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ

Ðîçä³ë ²V

ÌÀÒÅвÀËÜÍÈÉ ² ÄÓÕÎÂÍÈÉ ÑÂ²Ò ªÂÐÎÏÅÉÑÜÊÎÃÎ ÑÅÐÅÄÍÜβ××ß

§ 17. Õðèñòèÿíñüêà öåðêâà ó XII–XV ñò. Ȱɫɠɭɣɥɣ ʀ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɛ ɢ ɨɣɧɣ Ȳɨɥɝʀɢɣɱʀɺ Ɏ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɩɥɫʀɧ ɩɯʀɱʀɤɨɩ ɪɫɣɤɨɺɭɣɰ ɨɛ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɣɰ ɬɩɜɩɫɛɰ ɪɩɞɦɺɟʀɝ ɨɛ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɮ ɐɫɣɬɭɛ ʀ Ɍɝɺɭɩʁ ɍɫʀɤɱʀ ɝ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨʀ ɤ ʀɨɳʀ ɍɛɥʀ ɪɩɞɦɺɟɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɾɫɠɭɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɛ ɩɬʀɜ ɴɩ ʁɰ ɝɣ ɬɦɩɝɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɢɛɬɮɟɡɮɝɛɦɣ ʀ ɪɫɩɥɦɣɨɛɦɣ ɺɥ ɾɫɠɭɣɥʀɝ Ɉɛɝʀɭɷ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɮɬɭɛɦɠɨɨɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɝɣɪɛɟɥɣ ɾɫɠɬʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɢɝɣɲɨɣɧ ɺɝɣɴɠɧ ɒɩɧɮ ɡ ɝɣɨɣɥɛɦɣ ɾɫɠɬʀ" ɉɟɨʀɾɹ ɢ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɰ ɭɮɫɜɩɭ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɜɮɦɛ ɭɮɫɜɩɭɛ ɪɫɩ ɬɪɛɬʀɨɨɺ ɟɮɳʀ Ȼɦɠ ɦɹɟɣ ɜɛɲɣɦɣ ɴɩ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɪɫɩɪɩɝʀɟɮɹɲɣ ɪɩɥʀɫɨʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɮ ɝʀɟ ɢɠɧɨɣɰ ɜɦɛɞ ɨɛɥɩɪɣɲɣɦɛ ɢɨɛɲɨʀ ɜɛɞɛɭɬɭɝɛ ɤ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɦɛ ɝɠɦɣɲɠɢɨɮ ɪɩ ɦʀɭɣɲɨɮ ɝɦɛɟɮ Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɩɝɣɴʀ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɥɮɪɱʀɝ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ ɪɫɩɬɭɣɰ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɣɥʀɝ ʀ ɧɩɨɛɰʀɝ ʀɨɥɩɦɣ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɢɨɛɭʀ ɲɛɬ ɝʀɟ ɲɛɬɮ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɦɹɟɣ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɧɣɬɦɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛɟ ɬɮɪɠɫɠɲɨɩɬɭɺɧɣ ɧʀɡ ɾɝɛɨɞɠɦɷɬɷɥɣɧ ɮɲɠɨɨɺɧ ʀ ɪɩɝɬɺɥɟɠɨɨɩɹ ɪɫɛɥɭɣɥɩɹ Ƚɩɨɣ ɟɩ ɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɥɮ ɴɩ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɨɛɝɲɛɾ ɨɠɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩ ɍʀɦɷɥɣ ɪɩɝɨɛ ɝʀɟɧɩɝɛ ɝʀɟ ɜɛ ɞɛɭɬɭɝ ʀ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɧɩɡɠ ɝɫɺɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɟɮɳɮ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɉɭɡɠ ɾɫɠɭɣɥɛɧɣ ɬɭɛɝɛɦɣ ɦɹɟɣ ɺɥʀ ɬɮɧɨʀɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɴɩ ɩɯʀɱʀɤɨɠ ɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɬɪɫɩɧɩɡɨɠ ɝɫɺɭɮɝɛɭɣ ʁɰɨɹ ɟɮɳɮ ɛ ɭɛ ɥɩɡ ɭʀ ɰɭɩ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɝ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɬɪɫɛɝɠɟɦɣɝɩɞɩ ɬɩɱʀɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɮɬɭɫɩɹ ɍɛɥɣɧ ɲɣɨɩɧ ɾɫɠɬʀ ɨɛɜɮɝɛɦɣ ɺɥ ɫɠɦʀɞʀɤɨɩɞɩ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɬɩɱʀɛɦɷɨɩ ɫɠɦʀɞʀɤɨɩɞɩ ɬɪɫɺɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ² ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɟ ɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɳɨ ɫɭɩɟɪɟɱɢɥɨ ɿ ɧɟ ɜɢɡɧɚɜɚɥɨɫɹ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧ ȯɪɟɫɶ ɫɶɤɨɸ ɰɟɪɤɜɨɸ

ȯɪɟɬɢɤ ² ɜɢɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɰɟɪɤɜɨɸ ɩɨɲɢɪɸɜɚɱ ɽɪɟɫɿ

ɉɬɨɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɧɣ ɾɫɠɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɫɮɰʀɝ ɬɭɛɝɛɦɣ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɍɮɭ ɦɹɟɣ ɩɜɧʀɨɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɢɨɛɨɨɺɧɣ ɭɛ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ʀɟɠɺɧɣ Ɍɛɧɠ ɝ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ ɡɣɦɛ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɞɫɛɧɩɭɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɴɩ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɲɣɭɛɭɣ ɤ ɭɦɮɧɛɲɣɭɣ Ɍɝɺɭɠ Ɋɣɬɷɧɩ ɉɟɨʀɾɹ ɢ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɝʀɟɩɧɣɰ ʀ ɪɩɳɣ ɫɠɨɣɰ ɾɫɠɬɠɤ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɥɛɭɛɫʀɝ ©ɲɣ ɬɭɣɰª ɺɥɣɰ ɴɠ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɛɦɷɜʀɞɩɤɱɺɧɣ ɢɛ ɨɛɢɝɩɹ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ȼɦɷɜʀ ³ ɱɠɨɭɫɮ ɫɩɢɪɩɝ ɬɹɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɾɫɠɬʀ ɑɠ ɝɲɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɳɣɫɣɦɩɬɺ ɮ ;,,²;,,, ɬɭ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ Ʌɛɭɛɫɣ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɣ ɴɩ ɢɠɧɦɺ ɤ ɪɩɫɺɟɥɣ ɨɛ ɨʀɤ ɾ ɨɠ ɜɩɡɣɧ ɭɝɩɫʀɨɨɺɧ ɛ ɪɩɫɩɟɡɠɨʀ ɟɣɺɝɩɦɩɧ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɦɣɳɠ ɭɩɟʀ ɢɧɩɡɠ ɝɫɺɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɟɮɳɮ ɥɩɦɣ ɪɩɫɝɠ ʀɢ ɢɠɧɨɣɧ ɬɝʀɭɩɧ Ʌɛ ɭɛɫɣ ɝɠɦɣ ɬɮɝɩɫɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɡɣɭɭɺ ʀ ɢɛɫɛɟɣ ɬɝɩɾʁ ɝʀɫɣ ɞɩɭɩɝʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɛ ɝɬɠ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɪɫɣ ɤɨɺɭɣ ɧɮɲɠɨɣɱɷɥɮ ɬɧɠɫɭɷ Ƚɜɣɝɬɭɝɩ ɛɦɷɜʀɞɩɤɱʀɝ

ɐɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɮ ;,,²;9 ɬɭ

Ɇɨɜɨɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ

Ⱥɥɶɛɿɝɨɣɫɶɤɚ ɽɪɟɫɶ Ɂ ɚɧɨɧɿɦɧɨɝɨ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ;,,, ɫɬ

Ƚɪɭɩɚ ɽɪɟɬɢɤɿɜ ɳɨ ɠɢɜɭɬɶ ɭ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɤɪɚɹɯ ɜɿɪɹɬɶ ɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɫɦɿɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɫɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɜɚɬɢ ɳɨ ɿɫɧɭɸɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɟɪɲɟ ² ɞɨɛɪɢɣ Ȼɨɝ ɿ ɞɪɭɝɟ ² ɞɢɜɧɟ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ« ȼɨɧɢ ɡɚɹɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɳɨ ɫɜɿɬ ɿ ɜɫɟ ɳɨ ɜ ɧɶɨɦɭ ɜɿɞɱɭɬɧɟ ɧɚ ɞɨɬɢɤ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɨ ɡɥɢɦ ɛɨɝɨɦ ȼɨɧɢ ɜɿɞɤɢɞɚɸɬɶ ɯɪɟɳɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɬɨɦɭ ɳɨ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɧɟɦɚɽ ɜɿɪɢ ɿ ɰɢɬɭɸɱɢ ȯɜɚɧɝɟɥɿɽ ɤɚɠɭɬɶ ɳɨ ɬɨɣ ɭ ɤɨɝɨ ɧɟɦɚɽ ɜɿɪɢ ɛɭɞɟ ɡɚɫɭɞɠɟɧɢɣ ȼɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɜɿɪɹɬɶ ɭ ɜɨɫɤɪɟɫɿɧɧɹ ɩɥɨɬɿ ɣ ɰɢɬɭɸɬɶ ɋɜ ɉɚɜɥɚ ɹɤɢɣ ɫɤɚɡɚɜ ©ɇɿ ɩɥɨɬɶ ɧɿ ɤɪɨɜ ɧɟ ɩɨɬɪɚɩɥɹɬɶ ɞɨ ɰɚɪɫɬɜɚ Ȼɨɠɨɝɨª ȼɨɧɢ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɨɛɪɹɞɢ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɩɨɪɨɠɧɿɦɢ ɿ ɞɭɪɧɢɦɢ ɬɨɦɭ ɳɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬɶ ɜɨɧɢ ɰɿ ɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɿ ɧɟ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɨɩɨɪɢ« ɉɪɨ ɳɨ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɭɪɢɜɤɭ ɩɨɟɦɢ" əɤɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɚɥɶɛɿɝɨɣɰɿɜ" əɤɢɦ ɽ ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɞɨ ɚɥɶɛɿɝɨɣɰɿɜ"

Ɋɫɣɜɦɣɢɨɩ ɭɩɟʀ ɡ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɛ ʀɨɳɛ ɾɫɠɬɷ ³ ɝɛɦɷɟɠɨɬʀɝ Ɇɠɞɠɨɟɛɫɨɣɤ ɢɛ ɬɨɩɝɨɣɥ ɮɲɠɨɨɺ Ɋ·ɾɫ Ƚɛɦɷɟɩ ³ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɤ ɥɮɪɠɱɷ ɢɝɩɫɮɳɠɨɣɤ ɬɭɩɫʀɨɥɛɧɣ ȼʀɜɦʀʁ ɟɠ ɤɳɦɩɬɺ ɪɫɩ ©ɬɝɺɭɮ ɜʀɟɨʀɬɭɷª ³ ɫɩɢɟɛɝ ɬɝɩɾ ɧɛɤɨɩ ɜʀɟɨɣɧ ʀ ɢʀ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɮɲɨɺɧɣ ɬɭɛɝ ɪɫɩɪɩɝʀɟɮɝɛɭɣ Ȱɝɛɨɞɠɦʀɾ Ʌɛɭɛɫɣ ɭɛ ɝɛɦɷɟɠɨɬɣ ɢɛɪɠɫɠɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɨɠ ɩɜɰʀɟɨʀɬɭɷ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɩʁ ʀɾɫɛɫɰʀʁ ɭɛ ɢɛɥɦɣɥɛɦɣ ɟɩ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɫɠɦʀɞʀɤɨɣɰ ɞɫɩ ɧɛɟ ɴɩ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɢɛ ɲɛɬʀɝ ɐɫɣɬɭɛ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɮɲ ɨʀɝ ɛɪɩɬɭɩɦʀɝ ɂɛɥɦɣɥ ɟɩ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ©ɜʀɟ ɨɩʁ ɱɠɫɥɝɣª ɜɮɝ ɜɦɣɢɷɥɣɤ ɭɣɧ ɰɭɩ ɪɫɛɞɨɮɝ ©ɟɠɳɠɝɩʁª ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ʀ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨɩɬɭʀ ɝʀɟ ɪɛɪ Ɋɠɫɠɬɦʀɟɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɝɛɦɷɟɠɨɬʀɝ ʀ ɥɛɭɛɫʀɝ ɨɠ ɧɩɞɦɩ ɢɮɪɣɨɣɭɣ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɾɫɠɬʀ Ȱɝ ɫɩɪɩɹ ɍɩɟʀ ɪɛɪɛ Ȳɨɩɥɠɨɭʀɤ ȲȲȲ ɢɛɥɦɣɥɛɝ ɮɬʀɰ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ ɟɩ ɰɫɠɬɭɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɮ ɪɫɩɭɣ Ɋ·ɾɫ Ƚɛɦɷɟɩ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ©ɢɛɫɛɡɠɨɣɰ ɾɫɠɬɬɹª

ɋɩɢɪɫɛɝɛ ɨɛɟ ɛɦɷɜʀɞɩɤɱɺɧɣ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ9 ɇɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ʀ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ

ɐɫɠɬɭɩɝʀ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɾɫɠɭɣɥʀɝ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɦɣ ɨɛɢɝɮ Ȼɦɷɜʀ ɞɩɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɝʀɤɨ ² ɫɫ

ɐɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɠ ɝɩʁɨɬɭɝɩ ɝɩɞɨɠɧ ʀ ɧɠɲɠɧ ɪɫɩɤɳɦɩɬɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɧɣ ɪɫɩɝʀɨɱʀɺɧɣ ɪʀɝ ɟɨɺ Ȼɦɷɜʀɞɩɤɱʀ ɲɣɨɣɦɣ ɝʀɟɲɛɤɟɮɳɨɣɤ ɩɪʀɫ ɛɦɠ ɢɫɠɳɭɩɹ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɣɨɣɴɠɨʀ ɑɺ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɞɛ ɨɛɟ ɾɫɠɬɬɹ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɛ ɩɜ·ɾɟ ɨɛɨɨɹ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɛɦɠ ɝɩɟɨɩɲɛɬ ɪɫɣɢɝɠɦɛ ɟɩ ɫɩɢɩɫɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɢɨɣɴɠɨɨɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ʀ ɱʀ ɦɣɰ ɫɛɤɩɨʀɝ ɮɜɣɝɬɭɝɛ ɭɣɬɺɲ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ Ɋɛɪɣ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɦɣ ɴɩ ɪɠɫɠɧɩɡɠɨʀ ɾɫɠɬʀ ɧɩɡɮɭɷ ɦɠɞɥɩ ɝʀɟɨɩɝɣɭɣɬɺ ȿɦɺ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɣ ɢ ɨɣɧɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɡɣɭɩ ɟʀɾɝɣɰ ɢɛɰɩɟʀɝ Ɏɬʀɧ ɧɣɫɺɨɛɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɠɨɩ ɧɛɭɣ ɲɣɭɛɭɣ ɤ ɭɦɮɧɛɲɣɭɣ ȼʀɜɦʀɹ ɑɠ ɧɩɞɦɣ ɫɩ ɜɣɭɣ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɦɹɟɣ ɴɩ ɢɟɩɜɮɦɣ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɮ Ɍɪɛɦɠɨɨɺ ɾɫɠɭɣɥʀɝ ɝ Ȳɭɛɦʀʁ ɞɫɛɝɹɫɛ ɩɬɝʀɭɮ ɉɭɡɠ ɥɨɣɞɛ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɬɭɛ X ɑɨɦɭ ɡ ɽɪɟɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɬɚɤ ɠɨɪɫɬɨɤɨ ɦɛ ɴɠ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɨɠɟɩɬɭɮɪɨɩɹ ɟɦɺ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɬɭʀ ɪɨɡɩɪɚɜɥɹɥɢɫɹ" ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ X ɍ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɧɚ ɛɿɥɶɲɿɫɬɶ Ɏ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɬɭɝɛɰ ɬɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɬɪɠɱʀ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɧɟ ɜɦɿɥɚ ɱɢɬɚɬɢ ɿ ɩɢɫɚ- ɛɦɷɨʀ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨʀ ɥɩɧʀɬʀʁ ɺɥʀ ɪɩɝɣɨɨʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɬɢ ɑɨɦɭ ɬɨɞɿ ɛɨɪɸɱɢɫɶ ɡ ɽɪɟɫ- ɫɩɢɬɦʀɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥʀ ɪɫɩɺɝɣ ɾɫɠɬʀ ɟɩɪɣ ɫɸ ɡɧɢɳɭɜɚɥɢ ɤɧɢɝɢ" ɭɮɝɛɭɣ ɤ ɢɛɬɮɟɡɮɝɛɭɣ ɾɫɠɭɣɥʀɝ ɂɛ ɱɣɧɣ ɥɩɧʀɬʀɺɧɣ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɢɛɥɫʀɪɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɛɢɝɛ ʀɨ ɥɝʀɢɣɱʀɤɨɣɰ ɭɫɣɜɮɨɛɦʀɝ ɝʀɟ ɦɛɭɣɨ LQTXLVLWLR ³ ɫɩɢɬɦʀɟɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ȳɨɥɝʀɢɣɭɩ ɫɛɧ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɺɦɩɬɺ ɢɛɬɭɩɬɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɭɩɫɭɮɫɣ ɴɩɜ ɟɩɧɩɞɭɣɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɾɫɠɭɣɥʀɝ ɢʀɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɝ ɨɛɤɬɭɫɛɳɨʀɳɣɰ ɞɫʀɰɛɰ ɪʀɬɦɺ ɲɩɞɩ ʁɰ ɪɫɣɝɬɠɦɹɟɨɩ ɬɪɛɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɝɩɞɨɣɴʀ Ȼɦɠ ɝʀɟ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɾɫɠɭɣɥʀɝ ɨɠɧɩɡɦɣɝɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɟɩɧɩɞɭɣɬɺ ɪɩɥɛɺɨɨɺ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɪʀɟ ɭɩɫ ɭɮɫɛɧɣ ɋɠɦʀɞʀɤɨʀ ɪɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɨɨɺ ɺɥ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɥʀɝ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɾɫɠɭɣɥʀɝ ɝɣɫʀɢɨɺɦɣɬɺ ɯɛɨɛ ɭɣɢɧɩɧ ɦɹɟɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɭɝɠɫɟɩ ɪɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɨʀ ɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ʁɰɨɺ ɝʀɫɛ ɾ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩɹ ɭɩɧɮ ɾɫɠɭɣɥɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɞɩɭɩɝʀ ɤɭɣ ɮ ɝɩɞɩɨɷ ɛ ʀɨɥɝʀɢɣɭɩɫɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɪɠɝɨɠɨʀ ɝ ɪɫɛɝɩɭʀ ɝɣɫɩɥɮ Ɋɩɪɫɣ ɝɬʀ ɢɮɬɣɦɦɺ ɝɣɥɩɫʀɨɣɭɣ ɾɫɠɬʀ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɨɠ ɢɧɩɞɦɛ X ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɽɪɟɫɶ" ɑɨɦɭ ɜɨɧɚ ɜɢɧɢɤɚɽ" X əɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɛɨɪɨɥɢɫɹ ɡ ɽɪɟɫɫɸ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ"

Ɂɠɜɫɮɴʀ ɩɫɟɠɨɣ ɲɠɨɱʀɝ Ɉɠ ɝɬʀ ɦɹɟɣ ɴɩ ɢɛɧɣɬɦɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛɟ ɬɪɛɬʀɨɨɺɧ ɟɮɳʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɾɫɠɭɣɥɛɧɣ ȿɮɰɩɝ ɨʀ ɪɩɳɮɥɣ ɩɬɝʀɲɠɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɝɠɦɣ ʁɰ ɳɦɺɰɩɧ ɝɦɛɬɨɩɞɩ ɮɬɝʀɟɩɧɦɠɨ ɨɺ ɝɲɠɨɨɺ Ȳɬɮɬɛ ɒɛɬɭɣɨɛ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɨɠɝɟɩɝɩɦɠɨɣɰ ʀɬɨɮɹɲɣɧɣ ɝ ɱɠɫɥɝʀ ɪɩɫɺɟɥɛɧɣ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɦɛɬɺ ɟʀɺɭɣ ɨɛ ɧɠɡʀ ɧʀɡ ɾɫɠɬɬɹ ɭɛ ɩɯʀɱʀɤɨɩɹ ɱɠɫɥɝɩɹ

ɐɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɮ ;,,²;9 ɬɭ

Ɉɛɤɝʀɟɩɧʀɳɣɧ ɟʀɺɲɠɧ ɴɩ ɝɣɬɭɮɪɛɝ ɢɛ ɩɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ ɜɮɝ ɏɫɛɨ ɱɣɬɥ Ȼɬɬɣɢɷɥɣɤ ² ɂɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɟʀɺɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɪɫɩɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɨɛɜɮɦɛ ɩɬɩ ɜɦɣɝɩɞɩ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɛ ɝʀɨ ɬɭɛɝ ɩɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɨɣɥʀɝ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɛɱʀɤ ɰɫɣɬ ɭɣɺɨ ³ ɡɠɜɫɮɴɣɰ ɩɫɟɠɨʀɝ

ɉɨɫɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɫɤ ɧɚɪɨɞɢɜɫɹ ɜ ɫɿɦ¶ʀ ɤɭɩɰɹ ɡ ɿɬɚɥɿɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɦɿɫɬɚ Ⱥɫɫɢɡɿ Ɇɨɥɨɞɿɫɬɶ ɜɿɧ ɩɪɨɜɿɜ ɭ ɛɟɧɤɟɬɚɯ ɿ ɜɫɿɥɹɤɢɯ ɪɨɡɜɚɝɚɯ ɚɥɟ ɡɧɚɣɨɦɫɬɜɨ ɡ ȯɜɚɧɝɟɥɿɽɦ ɡɦɿɧɢɥɨ ɠɢɬɬɹ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɫɤɚ ȼɢɪɿɲɢɜɲɢ ɜ ɭɫɶɨɦɭ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɭɜɚɬɢ ɏɪɢɫɬɚ ɜɿɧ ɜɿɞɦɨɜɢɜɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɦɚɣɧɚ ɡɚɥɢɲɢɜ ɞɿɦ ɿ ɠɢɜɭɱɢ ɹɤ ɠɟɛɪɚɤ ɭɫɿ ɫɢɥɢ ɜɿɞɞɚɜɚɜ ɦɨɥɢɬɜɚɦ ɩɨɫɬɭ ɣ ɩɪɨɩɨɜɿɞɹɦ ɋɥɨɜɚ Ȼɨɠɨɝɨ ɇɟ ɦɚɸɱɢ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɨʀ ɨɫɜɿɬɢ ɜɿɧ ɡɜɟɪɬɚɜɫɹ ɞɨ ɫɥɭɯɚɱɿɜ ɡɪɨɡɭɦɿɥɨɸ ʀɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɸ ɦɨɜɨɸ Ȳɢ ɲɛɬɩɧ ɮ ɏɫɛɨɱɣɬɥɛ ɢɨɛɤɳɦɣɬɺ ɪɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨɣɥɣ ɏɫɛɨɱɣɬɥ Ȼɬɬɣɢɷɥɣɤ ʀɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ʀ ɮɭɝɩɫɣɝɬɺ ɲɠɫɨɠɲɣɤ ɩɫɟɠɨ ɯɫɛɨ ɱɣɬɥɛɨɱʀɝ ɉɫɟɠɨ ɯɫɛɨɱɣɬɥɛɨɱʀɝ ɬɮɭɭɾɝɩ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɝɬɺ ɝʀɟ ɮɬʀɰ ɲɠɫɨɠɲɣɰ ɩɫɟɠɨʀɝ ɴɩ ʀɬɨɮ ɝɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɏɫɛɨɱɣɬɥɛɨɱʀ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɝɣɟ ɲɠɫɨɠɱɭɝɛ Ƚɩɨɣ ɡɣɦɣ ɝ ɾɝɛɨɞɠɦɷɬɷɥʀɤ ɜʀɟ ɨɩɬɭʀ ɨɠ ɮɬɛɧʀɭɨɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɭɣɳʀ ɢɛ ɬɭʀɨɛɧɣ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀɝ ɛ ɤɳɦɣ ɟɩ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ɤ ɨɠɬɦɣ Ɍɦɩɝɩ ȼɩɡɠ ɇɩɨɛɰɣ ɡɠɜɫɛɥɣ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɢɟɩɜɮɦɣ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɞɩ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ Ɋɩɺɝɛ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɩɫɟɠɨɮ ɪɩɬɭɛɝɣɦɛ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɪɛɪɩɹ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɮ ɝɣɢɨɛɭɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɲɣ ɩɞɩ ɦɩɬɣɭɣ ɧɩɨɛɰʀɝ ɾɫɠɭɣɥɛɧɣ Ɋɛɪɛ Ȳɨɩɥɠɨɭʀɤ ȲȲȲ ɢɜɛɞɨɮɝ ɴɩ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɩɫɟɠɨ ɧɩɡɠ ɬɭɛɭɣ ɩɪɩɫɩɹ ɪɛɪɬɭɝɛ ɤ ɪʀɟɨʀɧɠ ɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɣɢɧɮ ɉɟɨɩɲɛɬɨɩ ɢ ɯɫɛɨɱɣɬɥɛɨɱɺɧɣ ɝɣɨɣɥ ɩɫɟɠɨ ɬɝɺɭɩɞɩ ȿɩɧʀɨʀɥɛ Ɍɝ ȿɩɧʀɨʀɥ ² ɨɛɫɩɟɣɝɬɺ ɝ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀʁ ɛɦɠ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɡɣɝ ɮ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨʀɤ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɟɠ ɬɝɩʁɧɣ ɪɫɩɪɩɝʀɟɺɧɣ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɝɬɺ ɜɩɫɩɭɣɬɺ ɪɫɩɭɣ ʀɟɠɤ ɾɫɠ ɭɣɥʀɝ ɛɦɷɜʀɞɩɤɱʀɝ ɍɮɭ ɮ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɮ ȿɩɧʀɨʀɥɛ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɛ ɟɮɧɥɛ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɜɫɛɭɬɭɝɩ ɲɠɨɱʀɝ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨɩ ɟɦɺ ɜɩɫɩɭɷ ɜɣ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɾɫɠɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɮɲɠɨɷ Ɉɛ ɝʀɟɧʀɨɮ ɝʀɟ ɯɫɛɨɱɣɬɥɛɨ ɱʀɝ ɟɩɧʀɨʀɥɛɨɱʀ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɮɝɛɞɮ ɪɫɣɟʀɦɺɦɣ ɝɣɝɲɠɨɨɹ Ɍɝɺɭɩɞɩ Ɋɣɬɷɧɛ ɇɩɨɛɰɣ ɟɩɧʀɨʀɥɛɨɱʀ ɬɦɛɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɝɲɠɨʀɬɭɹ ɲɛɬɭɩ ɩɜʀɤɧɛɦɣ ɥɛɯɠɟɫɣ ɝ ɥɫɛɴɣɰ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣ ɭɠɭɛɰ Ɉɛɤɝɣɟɛɭɨʀɳʀ ɜɩɞɩɬɦɩɝɣ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ Ȼɦɷɜɠɫɭ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ʀ ɏɩɧɛ Ȼɥɝʀɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɜɮɦɣ ɟɩɧʀɨʀɥɛɨɱɺɧɣ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɪʀɟɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨʀ ɟɦɺ ɟɣɬɪɮɭʀɝ ɢ ɾɫɠɭɣɥɛɧɣ ɟɩɧʀɨʀɥɛɨɱʀ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɝɛɦɣ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɮ ɫɩɦɷ ɮ ɭɫɣɜɮɨɛɦɛɰ ɪɫɩɝɩɟɺɲɣ ɟɩɪɣɭ ʀ ɝɲɣɨɺɹɲɣ ɬɮɟ ɨɛɟ ɾɫɠɭɣɥɛɧɣ ȿɩɧʀ Ɍɝ ȿɩɧʀɨʀɥ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ9 ɇɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ʀ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ

ɨʀɥɛɨɱʀ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɬɠɜɠ ©ɪɬɛɧɣ ɞɩɬɪɩɟɨʀɧɣª ɝʀɟ ɦɛɭɣɨ 'RPLQL FDQHV Ƚɩɨɣ ɪɩ ɝɣɨɨʀ ɜɮɦɣ ɩɬɝʀɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɝʀɭ ɪɫɩɪɩɝʀɟɮɝɛɭɣ ʀɬɭɣɨɮ ʀ ɨɛɲɠ ɪɬɣ ɩɰɩɫɩɨɺɭɣ ɱɠɫɥɝɮ ɝʀɟ ɾɫɠɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɮɲɠɨɷ Ɉɛ ɠɧɜɦɠɧʀ ɩɫɟɠɨɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɪɬɛ ɺɥɣɤ ɨɠɬɠ ɝ ɴɠɦɠ ɪɛɰ ɪɛɦɛɹɲɣɤ ɬɧɩɦɩɬɥɣɪ X əɤɚ ɦɟɬɚ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɠɟɛɪɭɳɢɯ ɨɪɞɟɧɿɜ"

ɑɠɫɥɩɝɨɛ ɥɫɣɢɛ ;Ȳ9 ɬɭ Ƚɠɦɣɥɛ ɬɰɣɢɧɛ Ȳɢ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɩɧ ;Ȳ9 ɬɭ Ȱɝɫɩɪɛ ɝɬɭɮɪɣɦɛ ɝ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɴɩ ɝʀɟɢɨɛɲɛɝɬɺ ɝɬʀɦɺɥɣɧɣ ɜʀɟɛ ɧɣ ɤ ɥɛɭɛɬɭɫɩɯɛɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɢɛɬɝʀɟɲɣɦɣ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɮ ɥɫɣɢɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩ ɞɩ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɑɺ ɥɫɣɢɛ ɨɠ ɩɧɣɨɮɦɛ ɤ ɱɠɫɥɝɮ Ɋɫɣɝɩɟɩɧ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɬɮɪɠɫɠɲɥɛ ɧʀɡ ɥɛɨɱɦɠɫɩɧ ʀ ɰɫɛɨɣɭɠɦɠɧ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɠɲɛɭɥɣ ɏɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝɛ Ⱦʀɤɩɧɩɧ Ɉɩɞɛɫɩɹ ɺɥɣɤ ɮɟɛɫɣɝ ɪɩ ɴɩɱʀ ɢɛɦʀɢɨɩɹ ɫɮɥɛ ɝɣɱɠɹ Ɋɛɪɮ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ ȼɩɨʀɯɛɱʀɺ 9,,, Ɉɠ ɝɣɭɫɣɧɛɝɳɣ ɩɜɫɛɢɣ ɪɛɪɛ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɟɠɥʀɦɷ ɥɛ ɭɣɡɨʀɝ ɪɩɧɠɫ Ʉɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɥ Ʌɦɣɧɠɨɭ 9 ɺɥ ɮɡɠ ɢɞɛɟɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɨʀɬ ɪɛɪɬɷɥɮ ɫɠɢɣɟɠɨɱʀɹ ɟɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ Ȼɝʀɨɷɤɩɨ ɺɥɠ ɰɩɲɛ ɤ ɨɛɦɠɡɛɦɩ Ɉɠɛɪɩɦʀɭɛɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝ ɬɭɝɮ ɢ ɮɬʀɰ ɜɩɥʀɝ ɜɮɦɩ ɩɭɩɲɠɨɠ ɝɩɦɩɟʀɨɨɺɧɣ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɍɛɥ ɪɛɪɬɷɥɛ ɝɦɛɟɛ ɪɩɭɫɛɪɣɦɛ ɪʀɟ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ Ȼɝʀɨɷɤɩɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɪɩɦɩɨ ɪɛɪ ɭɫɣɝɛɝ ɫɩɥʀɝ ² ɫ ɑʀ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɢɛɬɝʀɟɲɣɦɣ ɴɩ ʀɟɠɺ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɪʀɟ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɩɹ ɤ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥɩɹ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɪɛɪ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɛɦɛ ɫɠɛɦʀɺɧ ɲɛɬɮ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɝ ɡɣɭɭʀ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɝɛɭɣ ɫɩɦɷ ʀɨɳʀ ɲɣɨ ɨɣɥɣ ɢɩɥɫɠɧɛ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɨʀ ɭɛ ɨɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨʀ ʀɨɭɠɫɠɬɣ Ȳɟɠɹ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɴɩ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɝɬʀɰ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ ɢɛɬɭɮɪɣɦɛ ʀɟɠɺ ɨɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɩʁ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɣ ɴɩ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɢɛ ɪɠɝɨɩɹ ɩɢɨɛɥɩɹ ɨɛ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɱɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɪʀɟɟɛɨɬɭɝɩ ɺɥɩɧɮɬɷ ɥɩɫɩɦɹ Ɋɠɫɠɪɣɬɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɥɨɣɞ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ

Ɉɛ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɨɠɞɛɫɛɢɟɣ ɢ ɪɛɪɬɭɝɩɧ ɨɠ ɢɛ ɥʀɨɲɣɦɣɬɺ Ɋɩɝɠɫɨɠɨɨɺ ɪɛɪ ɟɩ ɋɣɧɮ ɩɢ ɨɛɧɠɨɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɪɩɟʀɾɹ ɴɩ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɦɛ ɨɛɢɝɮ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɬɰɣɢɧɣ Ɋʀɬɦɺ ɪɩɝɠɫɨɠɨɨɺ ɪɛɪɩɹ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɾɧ ;Ȳ ɪɛɪɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦɮ ɟɩ ɋɣɧɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɬɭɮɪ ɨɣɥɩɧ ɬɭɛɝ Ɏɫɜɛɨ 9, Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɩɬɭɛɨɨʀɤ ɨɛɬɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɢɦɩɝɡɣɝɛɝ ɝɦɛɟɩɹ ɴɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɥɣɨɮɦɣ ɥɛɫɟɣɨɛɦɣ Ɉɩɝɣɧ ɪɛɪɩɹ ɜɮɝ ɩɜ ɫɛɨɣɤ Ʌɦɣɧɠɨɭ 9,, Ȼɦɠ Ɏɫɜɛɨ 9, ɝʀɟɧɩ ɝɣɝɬɺ ɪʀɟɥɩɫɣɭɣɬɺ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɪɛɪɬɷɥɩ Ɋɩɝɠɫɨɠɨɨɺ ɪɛɪɣ Ⱦɫɣɞɩɫʀɺ ;, ɟɩ ɋɣɧɮ ɧɮ ɪɫɠɬɭɩɦʀ ɩɪɣɨɣɦɩɬɺ ɛɡ ɟɝɛ ɪɛɪɣ ɩɟɣɨ ɯɫɠɬɥɛ ȿɡɩɫɟɡɩ Ƚɛɢɛɫʀ

ɜɮɝ ɮ ɋɣɧʀ ʀɨɳɣɤ ³ ɝ Ȼɝʀɨɷɤɩɨʀ

ɐɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ɮ ;,,²;9 ɬɭ

ɉɜɣɟɝɛ ɪɛɪɣ ɝʀɟɦɮɲɣɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɩɟɣɨ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɛ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɫɣɰɣɦɷɨɣɥʀɝ ɪɫɩɭɣɦɠɡ ɨɩʁ ɬɭɩɫɩɨɣ Ɋɩɲɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɠɪɩɫɩɢɮɧʀɨɨɺ ɤ ɨɛ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɫʀɝɨɺɰ ɨɛ ɩɟɨɮ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɮ ɪɩɬɛɟɮ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɟɮɝɛɦɩ ɪɩ ɟɝɛ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɣɥɣ Ɉʀɰɭɩ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɝ ɺɥɣɤ ɡɠ ɪɛɪɛ ɬɪɫɛɝɡɨʀɤ ʀ ɝʀɟɪɩɝʀɟɨɩ ɰɭɩ ɧɛɝ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɪɩɬɛɟɣ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɛ ɭɛ ʀɨ Ʌɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɛ Ȱɝɫɩɪɛ ɫɩɢɥɩɦɩɦɛɬɺ Ȼɜɣ ɝɞɛɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɪɫɣɬɭɫɛɬɭʀ ɫɩɢɫɩɜɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɤ ɪɫɩɪɩɨɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝɬʀɦɺɥʀ ʀɟɠʁ ɭɛ ɪɫɩɪɩɢɣɱʀʁ ɂɫɠɳɭɩɹ ɜʀɦɷɳʀɬɭɷ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɬɰɣɦɺɭɣ ɬɺ ɟɩ ɟɮɧɥɣ ɴɩ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɮ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩ ɝɣɫʀɳɮɝɛɭɣ ɝɬʀɧ ³ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɨɩɬɦɮɡɣɭɠɦɺɧ Ȼɝʀɨɷɤɩɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɢɛɧɩɥ ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ

ʀ ɧɣɫɺɨɛɧ ɭɩɜɭɩ ɬɥɦɣɥɛɭɣ ɬɩɜɩɫ Ɋɠɫɳɛ ɫɠɢɣɟɠɨɱʀɺ ɪɛɪ ɢ ɪɩ ɫ ɬɪɫɩɜɛ ɫɩɢɝ·ɺɢɛɭɣ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɮ ɨɛ ɬɩɜɩɫʀ ɝ Ɋʀɢʀ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɣɦɛɬɺ ɨɩɝɣɧ ɫɩɢɥɩɦɩɧ ɩɜɩɰ ɪɛɪ ɩɞɩ ɦɩɬɣɦɣ ɾɫɠɭɣɥɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɩɜɫɛɦɣ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ Ȼɦɠ ɭʀ ɨɠ ɝɣɢɨɛɦɣ ɫʀɳɠɨɨɺ ɬɩɜɩɫɮ ɭɩɧɮ ɝ ɋɣɧʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɡɠ ɭɫɣ ɪɛɪɣ Ȳ ɝɬɠ ɡ ʀɟɠɺ ɬɩɜɩɫɮ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɛɬɺ ɾɟɣɨɣɧ ɝɣɰɩɟɩɧ ʀɢ ɬɣɭɮɛɱʀʁ ɴɩ ɬɥɦɛɦɛɬɺ Ɏ ɫ ɝ Ʌɩɨɬɭɛɨɱʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɥɦɣɥɛɨɩ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɬɩɜɩɫ ɺɥɣɤ ɨɛɫɠɳɭʀ ɫɩɢɝ·ɺɢɛɝ ɱɹ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɮ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɮ ɂɛɞɛɦɷɨɩɝɣɢɨɛɨɣɧ ɪɛɪɩɹ ɬɭɛɝ ɇɛɫɭʀɨ 9 ɋɩɢɜɫɛɭ ɮ ɱɠɫɥɝʀ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɝɣɥɦɣɥɛɝ ɬɮɧɨʀɝɣ ɴɩɟɩ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɳɦɺɰɮ ɺɥɣɧ ɤɳɦɩ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɩ ɟɩ ȼɩɞɛ ɋɮɰɣ ɾɫɠɭɣɥʀɝ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɪɩɝɭɩɫɹɝɛɭɣɬɺ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɤ ɫɮɰ ɢɛ ɩɨɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɝɣɜɮɰɨɮɝ ɮ ɒɠɰʀʁ Ʉɩɞɩ ɩɲɩɦɣɝ ɚɨ Ⱦɮɬ ɛ ɬɛɧ ɫɮɰ ɩɟɠɫ ɡɛɝ ɨɛɢɝɮ ɞɮɬɣɭɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɐɩɲɛ ɱɠɤ ɫɮɰ ʀ ɜɮɝ ɪɫɣɜɩɫɥɛɨɣɤ ɝʀɨ ɬɭɛɝ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɡɠɨɨɺɧ ɟɦɺ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɩʁ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɴɩ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɛ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɛ ɨɠɝɟɩɝɩɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɫɩɟɮ ɨɠ ɮɬɮɨɮɭɛ ɴɩ ɨɛ ɨɠʁ ɴɠ ɲɠɥɛɹɭɷ ɬɥɦɛɟɨʀ ɲɛɬɣ ɔɩ ɤ ɬɭɛɦɩɬɺ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɫɩɥʀɝ X ɑɢɦ ɛɭɥɚ ɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɚ ȼɟɥɢɤɚ ɫɯɢɡɦɚ"

Ɂɚɤɪɿɩɢɦɨ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ 1. ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɪɭɯɢ ɽɪɟɬɢɤɿɜ ɋɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɱɹ 2. ɑɢɦ ɩɨɝɥɹɞɢ ɤɚɬɚɪɿɜ ɿ ɜɚɥɶɞɟɧɫɿɜ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɥɢɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ 3. əɤɿ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɣ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ Ⱥɥɶɛɿɝɨɣɫɶɤɢɯ ɜɿɣɧ" 4. əɤɿ ɠɟɛɪɭɱɿ ɨɪɞɟɧɢ ɜɢɧɢɤɥɢ ɜ Ɂɚɯɿɞɧɿɣ ȯɜɪɨɩɿ" 5. ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɿɧɤɜɿɡɢɰɿɹ" ȱɡ ɹɤɨɸ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɜɨɧɚ ɛɭɥɚ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɚ" ɑɢ ɞɿɽɜɢɦɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɡɚɯɨɞɢ ɿɧɤɜɿɡɢɰɿʀ" 6. ɑɨɦɭ ɉɚɩɚ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɢɣ ɨɩɢɧɢɜɫɹ ɜ ©ɚɜɿɧɶɣɨɧɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɨɧɿª" 7. ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ȼɟɥɢɤɚ ɫɯɢɡɦɚ" əɤɢɦɢ ɛɭɥɢ ʀʀ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɬɚ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ" 8. ɑɨɦɭ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɰɶɤɿɣ ɰɟɪɤɜɿ ɜɞɚɜɚɥɨɫɹ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɤɭɜɚɬɢ ɽɪɟɬɢɱɧɿ ɪɭɯɢ"

§ 18–19. Ñåðåäíüîâ³÷íà êóëüòóðà Çàõ³äíî¿ ªâðîïè Ʌɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ɨɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ©ɭɠɧɨɣɧɣ ɝʀɥɛɧɣª ɭɩɡ ɨɛɝɫɺɟ ɲɣ ɪɫɩ ɨɣɰ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɺɥ ɪɫɩ ɬɪɫɣɺɭɦɣɝʀ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɬɛɧɠ ɝ ɱɠɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɝʀɟɜɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɨɛɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɨɩɝɩʁ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɺɥɛ ɜɫɛɦɛ ɬɝɩʁ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɣ ɢ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɝɛɫɝɛɫʀɝ ʀ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɭɝɛ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɣ ɭɛɥɩʁ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɟʀʁ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɝʀɟɲɮɭɨɣɧɣ ɝ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ©Ʌɛɫɩɦʀɨɢɷɥɩɞɩ ɝʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺª ɑɠ ɜɮɝ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ɝ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɪɫɩɺɝ ɞɦɣɜɩɥɩɞɩ ɤ ɬɝʀɟɩɧɩɞɩ ʀɨɭɠɫɠɬɮ ɟɩ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɥɮɦɷɭɮ ɫɣ ɤ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ Ɏ ɭɩɤ ɡɠ ɲɛɬ Ʌɛɫɦ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɨɠ ɢɛɜɮɝɛɹɲɣ ʀ ɪɫɩ ɬɝɩɾ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɬɷɥɠ ɪɩ ɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɥɛɢɛɝ ɢɜɣɫɛɭɣ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɬɷɥʀ ɬɭɛɫɩɡɣɭɨɩɬɭʀ ɤ ɱʀɥɛɝɣɝɬɺ ɬɭɛɫɩɟɛɝɨʀɧɣ ɯɫɛɨɥɬɷɥɣɧɣ ɪʀɬɨɺɧɣ Ɍɛɧ Ʌɛɫɦ ɧɛɝ ɟɩɜɫɮ ɺɥ ɨɛ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɩɬɝʀɭɮ ɢɨɛɝ ɞɫɠɱɷɥɮ ɤ ɦɛɭɣɨɬɷɥɮ ɧɩɝɣ ɪɩɦɹɜɦɺɝ ɲɣɭɛɭɣ ɥɨɣɡɥɣ ɛ ɩɭ ɪɣɬɛɭɣ ɭɛɥ ɟɩ ɥʀɨɱɺ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɤ ɨɠ ɨɛɝɲɣɝɬɺ Ƚʀɨ ɢɛ ɪɫɩɳɮɝɛɝ ɟɩ ɬɠɜɠ ɤ ɢɛɦɮɲɛɝ ɟɩ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨ ɨɺ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɹ ɝɲɠɨɣɰ ɢ ɮɬʀɾʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɞɮɫɭɩɥ ɪɫɣ ɟɝɩɫʀ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ ɪʀɟ ɨɛɢɝɩɹ ©Ȼɥɛɟɠɧʀɺª ³ ɨɛ ɥɳɭɛɦɭ ɯʀɦɩɬɩɯ ɬɷɥɩʁ ɳɥɩɦɣ ɞɫɠɱɷɥɩɞɩ ɯʀɦɩɬɩɯɛ Ɋɦɛɭɩ ɒɩɭɣɫɣ ɾɝɛɨɞɠɦʀɬɭɣ ɫ ɨɛ ³ ɟɠ ɲɣɭɛɦɣ ɢɛ ɪɫɣɬɮɭɨɩɬɭʀ Ʌɛɫɦɛ ɭɝɩɫɣ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɯʀɦɩɬɩɯʀɝ ʀ ɱɠɫɥɩɝɨɣɰ ɜɩɞɩɬɦɩɝʀɝ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɣ ɝʀɫɳʀ ɝʀɦɷɨɩ ɩɜɧʀɨɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɟɮɧɥɛɧɣ ɢ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɭɠɧ ɬɪɠɫɠɲɛɦɣɬɺ ɂɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɲɦɠɨʀɝ ©Ȼɥɛɟɠɧʀʁª Ʌɛɫɦ ɢɛɬɨɮɝɛɝ ɪɫɣ ɱɠɨɭɫɛɰ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɬɭɝ ɳɥɩɦɣ ɟɠ ɞɩɭɮɝɛɦɣ ɩɬɝʀ ɲɠɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɟɦɺ ɮɪɫɛɝɦʀɨɨɺ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɹ Ƚʀɨ ɝɣɟɛɝ ɮɥɛɢ ɪɫɩ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɩɝɠ ɨɛɝɲɛɨɨɺ ɝɬʀɰ ɟʀɭɠɤ ɝʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɂɛ ɩɫɞɛɨʀɢɛɱʀɹ ɱɣɰ ɳɥʀɦ ʀ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɨɣɰ ɪɠɫɳɣɰ ɪʀɟɫɮɲɨɣɥʀɝ ɮɢɺɝɬɺ ɝʀɫɨɣɤ ɬɩɫɛɭɨɣɥ Ʌɛɫɦɛ ɬɛɥɬ Ȼɦɥɮʁɨ ɉɟɨɛɥ ɨɛɥɛɢ ɨɠ ɢɧɩɞɦɣ ɝɣɥɩ ɨɛɭɣ ɲɠɫɠɢ ɜɫɛɥ ɟɩɬɭɛɭɨɷɩʁ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɝɲɣɭɠɦʀɝ Ȳɢ Ȼɦɥɮʁɨ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ ɳɥʀɦ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɛɨɣɰ Ʌɛɫɦɩɧ ɪɫɣ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɬɭɝɛɰ ɢɞɩ ɢ ɧɛɨɮɬɥɫɣɪɭɮ ɏɮɦɷɟɛ

² Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

ɟɩɧ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɣ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭɣ ɓɥɩɦɛ ɟɠ ɞɩɭɮɝɛɦɣ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɟɦɺ ɮɪɫɛɝ ɦʀɨɨɺ ɟɠɫɡɛɝɩɹ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɤ ɪɫɣ ɟɝɩɫʀ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɛ Ʌɛɫɦ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɱʀɥɛɝɣɝɬɺ ʀɬɭɩɫʀɾɹ ɂɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɨɛɥɛɢɩɧ ɢɜɣɫɛɦɣ ɤ ɪɠɫɠɪɣɬɮɝɛɦɣ ɟɛɝ ɨʀ ɫɣɧɬɷɥʀ ɭɛ ɞɫɠɱɷɥʀ ɫɮɥɩɪɣɬɣ Ƚʀɨ ɟɩɫɮɲɣɝ ɴɩɫʀɲɨɩ ɢɛɪɣɬɮɝɛɭɣ ɝɬʀ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɺɥʀ ɝʀɟ ɜɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɟɠɫɡɛɝʀ ɑʀ ɢɛɪɣɬɣ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɦɣ ɨɛɢɝɮ ɛɨɨɛɦɣ ɝʀɟ ɦɛɭɣɨ DQQXV ³ ɫʀɥ

Ʌɮɦɷɭɮɫɨɠ ɪʀɟɨɠɬɠɨɨɺ ɧɛɦɩ ɬɝʀɤ ɝɣɺɝ ʀ ɝ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɳɣɫɩɥɩɧɮ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝʀ ȼɮɦɩ ɢɜɮɟɩɝɛɨɩ ɪɩɨɛɟ ɪɛɦɛɱʀɝ ɬɩɜɩɫʀɝ ɱɠɫɥɩɝ ʀ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀɝ Ɏ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɫɠɢɣɟɠɨɱʀʁ ɝ Ȼɛɰɠɨʀ Ʌɛɫɦ ɢɜɮɟɮɝɛɝ ɝɠɦɣɲɨɣɤ ɪɛɦɛɱɩɝɣɤ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬ Ɏ ɱɠɨɭɫʀ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɢɛɦ ɟɦɺ ɪɫɣɤɩɧʀɝ ʀɧɪɠɫɛɭɩɫɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɥɩʁ ȼʀɲɨɠ ɥɫɣɦɩ ɥɩɧɪɦɠɥɬɮ ɟɠ ɫɩɢɧʀɴɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɳɥɩɦɛ ɜʀɜɦʀɩɭɠɥɛ ɛɫɰʀɝ ɢ·ɾɟɨɮɝɛɦɩ ɢɛɦ ʀɢ ɥɛɪɦɣɱɠɹ ³ ɪɛɦɛɱɩɝɩɹ ɱɠɫɥɝɩɹ ɺɥɛ ɢɜɠɫɠɞɦɛɬɺ ɟɩ ɭɠɪɠɫʀɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ Ɍɮɲɛɬ ɨɣɥɣ ɩɱʀɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɥɛɪɦɣɱɹ ɺɥ ©ɲɮɟɩ ɟɣɝɨɩʁ ʀ ɝɣɬɩɥɩʁ ɥɫɛɬɣª Ƚɩɨɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɝɢʀɫɱɠɧ ɟɦɺ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɮɝɛɨɨɺ ©Ʌɛɫɩɦʀɨɢɷɥɠ ɝʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺª ɝɣɺɝɣɦɩɬɺ ɨɠɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɧ Ɏ ɱɠɤ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɩ ɺɥɣɰɩɬɷ ɝʀɟɩɧɣɰ ɳɠɟɠɝɫʀɝ ɛɦɠ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɤɩɧɮ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɜɠɫɠɡɠɨɩ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɢɫɛɢɥʀɝ ɢ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɬɪɛɟɴɣɨɣ ɤ ɢɛɥɦɛɟɠɨʀ ɩɬɨɩɝɣ ɟɦɺ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ ɾɝ ɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ Ɏ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨʀ ɟɝɛ ɬɭɩɦʀɭɭɺ Ȳɐ²ɐ ɬɭ ɮ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫʀ ɢɨɩɝɮ ɬɪɩɬɭɠɫʀɞɛɝɬɺ ɢɛɨɠɪɛɟ X əɤɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɪɢɫɢ ©Ʉɚɪɨɥɿɧɡɶɤɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɪɨɞɠɟɧɧɹª"

Ɍɰɩɦɛɬɭɣɥɛ ɏɩɧɛ Ȼɥɝʀɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɇɣɬɦɣɭɠɦʀɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɝɣɰɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɨɛ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥʀɤ ɟɩɞɧɛɭɣɱʀ ɪɠɫɠɟɩɝ ɬʀɧ ɱʀɥɛɝɣɦɛ ɪɫɩɜɦɠɧɛ ɝɢɛɾɧɩɢɝ·ɺɢɥɮ ȼɩɞɛ Ƚɬɠɬɝʀɭɮ ɤ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ Ɂɩɟɠɨ ʀɢ ɨɣɰ ɨɠ ɢɛɪɠɫɠɲɮɝɛɝ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨɨɺ ȼɩɞɛ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɬɮɪɠɫɠɲɩɥ ɧʀɡ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɧɣ ɧɣɬɦɣ ɭɠɦɺɧɣ ɝɣɥɦɣɥɛɦɩ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɺɥ ɬɪʀɝɝʀɟɨɩɬɺɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɫɛ ʀ ɫɩɢɮɧ Ȼɦɠ ɜɠɢ ɫɩɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɨɺɭɷ ɜɠɢ ɲʀɭɥɩɞɩ ɦɩɞʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɧɣɬɦɠɨɨɺ ɨɠɧɩɡɦɣɝɩ ɢɫɩɢɮɧʀɭɣ ʀɬɭɣɨɮ ɂɫɩɬɭɛɨɨɹ ɱʀɥɛɝɩɬɭʀ ɟɩ ɢɨɛɨɷ ɮ ɂɛɰʀɟɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɬɪɫɣ ɺɦɩ ɭɠ ɴɩ ɢɛ ɪɩɬɠɫɠɟɨɣɱɭɝɩɧ ɛɫɛɜʀɝ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥʀ ʀɨɭɠ ɦɠɥɭɮɛɦɣ ɜɦɣɡɲɠ ɪɩɢɨɛɤɩɧɣɦɣɬɺ ɢ ɭɝɩɫɛɧɣ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɧɣɬɦɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɬɭʀ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɮ ɨɛɮɥɮ ɬɪɫɛɝɣɦɣ ɪɫɛɱʀ Ȼɫʀɬɭɩɭɠɦɺ ɨɛ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɺɥɣɰ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɝɲɠɨʀ ɝɣɫɩɜɣɦɣ ɧɠɭɩɟ ɦɩɞʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɧɣɬ ɦɠɨɨɺ ɤ ɪʀɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɑɠɤ ɧɠɭɩɟ ɪʀɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɤ ȼɩɞɛ ɩɟɠɫ ɡɛɝ ɨɛɢɝɮ ɬɰɩɦɛɬɭɣɥɛ ɴɩ ɪɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɬɦɩɝɛ ©ɳɥɩɦɛª Ɍɰɩɦɛɬɭɣ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɣ ɴɩ ɪʀɢɨɛɭɣ ʀɬɭɣɨɮ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩ ɛɜɣ ɫɩɢɮɧ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɬɭɮɪɛɝ ɝʀɟ ɜɮɥɝɣ Ɍɝɺɭɩɞɩ Ɋɣɬɷɧɛ ɛ ɟɩ ɦɩ ɞʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɦɛɨɱɹɡɥɛ ɟɩɥɛɢʀɝ ɨɠ ɝɥɫɛɦɛɬɺ ɡɩɟɨɛ ɪɩɧɣɦɥɛ ɺɥɛ ɧɩɡɠ ɝɝɠɬɭɣ ɝ ɩɧɛɨɮ ɍɩɧɮ ɬɰɩɦɛɬɭɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɮɝɛɞɣ ɪɫɣɟʀɦɺɦɣ ɭɠɰɨʀɱʀ ɫɩɢɟɮɧʀɝ ³ ɦɩɞʀɱʀ Ƚ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɮɲɠ ɨɣɰ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɛɪɩɢɣɲɣɦɣ ɧɠɭɩɟ ɫɩɢɟɮɧʀɝ ɬɣɦɩɞʀɢɧ ³ ɩɬɩ ɏɩɧɛ Ȼɥɝʀɨɬɷɥɣɤ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ9 ɇɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ʀ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ

ɜɦɣɝɣɤ ɮɧɩɝɣɝʀɟ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɨɛ ɩɬɨɩɝʀ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɰ ɲɛɬɭʀɳɠ ɟɝɩɰ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɬɮɟɡɠɨɷ ɝɣɝɩɟɣɭɷɬɺ ɨɩɝɠ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ Ɂɩɟɨɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɝɬɷɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɾ Ɏɲɠɨɣɤ ³ ɱɠ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ Ƚɣɬɨɩɝɩɥ ɮɲɠɨɣɤ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɢɨɛɾ ȿɦɺ ɪʀɢɨɛɨɨɺ ʀɬɭɣɨɣ ɬɰɩɦɛɬɭɣ ɫʀɟɥɩ ɢɛɬɭɩɬɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɭɛɥʀ ɧɠɭɩɟɣ ɺɥ ɟɩɬɦʀɟ ɤ ɠɥɬɪɠɫɣɧɠɨɭ Ƚɩɨɣ ɨɠ ɧɛɦɣ ɝ ɨɣɰ ɪɩɭɫɠ ɜɣ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɧ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɩɧ ɢɨɛɨɷ ɟɦɺ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɦɩɞʀɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɜɮɟɩɝ ɜɮɦɩ Ɍɝɺɭɠ Ɋɣɬɷɧɩ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɥɩɦɣ ɦɹɟɬɭɝɩ ɩɰɩɪɣɦɩ ɜɛɡɛɨ ɨɺ ɞɦɣɜɳɠ ɪʀɢɨɛɭɣ ɬɝʀɭ ɥɩɦɣ ɟɩɬɦʀɟ ɤ ɠɥɬɪɠɫɣɧɠɨɭ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɧ ɟɡɠɫɠɦɩɧ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɢɨɛɨɷ ɬɦɩɝɩ ©ɬɰɩɦɛɬɭɣɥɛª ɨɛɜɮɦɩ ɨɠɞɛɭɣɝɨɣɰ ɫɣɬ ɤ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɦɩ ɧɛɫɨʀ ɫɩɢɟɮɧɣ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɝʀɟʀɫɝɛɨɠ ɝʀɟ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɨɠɬɥʀɨ ɲɠɨɨʀ ɬɮɰʀ ɦɩɞʀɲɨʀ ɪɩɜɮɟɩɝɣ ɺɥʀ ɨɠ ɟɛɹɭɷ ɡɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɫɠɢɮɦɷɭɛɭɮ Ȼɦɠ ɨɛ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɱɠ ɜɮɝ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɥɫɩɥ ɮɪɠɫɠɟ ɮ ɪʀɢɨɛɨɨʀ ɦɹɟɣɨɩɹ Ƚɬɠɬɝʀɭɮ Ɍɰɩɦɛɬɭɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɬɠɜɠ ©ɥɛɫɦɣɥɛɧɣ ɴɩ ɬɭɩɺɭɷ ɨɛ ɪɦɠɲɛɰ ɞʀɞɛɨɭʀɝª ɭɩɜɭɩ ɨɛ ɪɦɠɲɛɰ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɧɣɬɦɣɭɠ ɦʀɝ ɛ ɭɩɧɮ ɝɩɨɣ ɜɛɲɛɭɷ ɟɛɦʀ ɨʀɡ ʁɰɨʀ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨɣɥɣ Ƚɠɫɳɣɨɩɹ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ ɬɰɩɦɛɬɭɣɥɣ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɏɩɧɣ Ȼɥɝʀɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ² Ƚʀɨ ɨɛɫɩɟɣɝɬɺ ɝ ɢɨɛɭɨʀɤ ʀɭɛɦʀɤɬɷɥʀɤ ɫɩɟɣɨʀ Ƚɣɰɩɝɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɝ ɢɨɛɧɠ ɨɣɭɩɧɮ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀ Ɍɝ ȼɠɨɠɟɣɥɭɛ ɇɩɨɭɠ Ʌɛɬʀɨɩ ɨɛɝɲɛɝɬɺ ɝ Ɉɠɛɪɩɦʀɭɛɨɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭʀ Ɍʀɧ·ɺ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɦɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɛɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɬɭɛɭɣ ɲɠɨɱɠɧ ɛɦɠ ɟɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɲɛɬɮ ɪɩɥɣ ɨɠ ɟʀɢɨɛɦɛɬɺ ɴɩ ɝʀɨ ɰɩɲɠ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɭɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɟɩɦɹ ɢ ɡɠɜɫɮɴɣɧ ɩɫɟɠɨɩɧ Ɍɝ ȿɩ ɧʀɨʀɥɛ Ɉɠɢɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɢɛɜɩɫɩɨɮ ɏɩɧɛ ɝɭʀɥ ʀɢ ɟɩɧɮ ʀ ɝɬɭɮɪɣɝ ɟɩ ɟɩɧʀɨʀɥɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɩɫɟɠɨɮ ȼɮɟɮɲɣ ɧɩɨɛɰɩɧ ɝʀɨ ɨɛɝɲɛɝɬɺ ɝ Ɋɛɫɣɡʀ ɭɛ Ʌɠɦɷɨʀ Ɍɭɮɟɠɨɭɣ ɨɠɟɩɦɹɜ ɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɝɣɬɩɥɩɞɩ ɞɦɛɟɥɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɝɛɡɨɩɞɩ ɭɣɰɩɞɩ ɟɩɜɫɩɞɩ ɭɛ ɪɩɥʀɫɦɣɝɩɞɩ ɏɩɧɮ ɤ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɟɛɦɣ ɤɩɧɮ ɪɫʀɢɝɣɬɷɥɩ ©ɭɮɪɣɤ ɝʀɦª Ȼɦɠ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɲɣɭɠɦɷ Ȼɦɷɜɠɫɭ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɢɮɧʀɝ ɫɩɢɞɦɠɟʀɭɣ ɮ ɏɩɧʀ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɭɛɦɛɨɭ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨɛ ɪɫɛɱɺ ɏɩɧɣ Ȼɥɝʀɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ©Ɍɮɧɛ ɜɩɞɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺª ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɦɛ ɝɬʀ ɭɩɟʀɳɨʀ ɮɺɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ȼɩɞɛ ɤ ɦɹɟɣɨɮ Ʌɩɡɠɨ ɫɩɢɟʀɦ ɭɝɩɫɮ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷ ɩɜɞɩɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɺɥɩʁ ɨɠ ɜɮɟɷ ɯʀɦɩɬɩɯɬɷɥɩʁ ɟɮɧɥɣ ʁʁ ɬɪɫɩɬɭɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɤ ɝɣɥɦɛɟɠɨɨɺ ɭɩɞɩ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɥɮ ɺɥɣɤ ɛɝ ɭɩɫ ɮɝɛɡɛɾ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɷɨɣɧ ɂɞɩɟɩɧ ɮɲɠɨɨɺ ɫɩɢɫɩɜɦɠɨɠ ɏɩɧɩɹ Ȼɥɝʀɨɬɷɥɣɧ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɟɦɺ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɩʁ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɩɯʀɱʀɤɨɣɧ ɩɬɥʀɦɷɥɣ ɧʀɬɭɣɦɩ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ©ɟɩɥɛɢʀɝª ʀɬɨɮɝɛɨ ɨɺ ȼɩɞɛ X ɓɨ ɧɚɦɚɝɚɥɢɫɶ ɞɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɯɨɥɚɫɬɢ" X ȼɱɟɧɧɹ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɛɨɝɨɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɨɮɿɰɿɣɧɢɦ ɭ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɰɶɤɿɣ ɰɟɪɤɜɿ" Ʌɫʀɧ ɬɰɩɦɛɬɭɣɥɣ ɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɝ ʀɨɳɣɤ ɨɛ ɪɫɺɧ ɺɥɣɤ ɯʀɦɩɬɩɯɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɹɭɷ ɧʀɬɭɣɱɣɢɧɩɧ ɇʀɬɭɣɥɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɣ ɴɩ ɩɬɨɩɝɣ ɝʀɫɣ ɪʀɢɨɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɧɩɦɣɭɝɛɧɣ ɭɛ ɜɦɛɞɩɲɠ ɬɭɣɝɣɧɣ ɫɩɢɟɮɧɛɧɣ ɍɩɜɭɩ ɧʀɬɭɣ ɥɣ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɳɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɞɮ ɲɮɭɭɺ ɨɛɟ ɫɩɢɮɧɩɧ Ƚɩɨɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɣ ɴɩ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝ ɟɮɧɥɛɰ ɝʀɟʀɫɝɛɨɣɰ ɝʀɟ ɟʀɤɬɨɩɬɭʀ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɧɩɡɠ ɬɪʀɦɥɮ ɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɢ ȼɩɞɩɧ Ȳɢ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɫɩɜɣɝɬɺ ɝɣɬɨɩɝɩɥ ɴɩ ɦɹɟɣɨʀ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩ ɝɠ ɬɭɣ ɟɩɜɫɩɲɣɨɨɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɤ ɜɩɫɩɭɣɬɺ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɞɫʀɰɛ

² Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

ɓɥɩɦɣ ɭɛ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭɣ ɉɬɝʀɲɠɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɝʀɟɨɩɬɨɩ ɨɠɜɛɞɛɭɩ Ɏ ɫɛɨɨɷɩɧɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩ ɝʀɲɲʀ ɺɥ ɝɣ ɝɡɠ ɢɨɛɾɭɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɡɣɦɣ ɢɟɠ ɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɝ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫɺɰ Ɋʀɟɨɠɬɠɨɨɺ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɴɩ ɪɩɲɛɦɩɬɺ ɝ ; ɬɭ ɢɮɧɩɝɣɦɩ ɪɩɭɺɞ ɟɩ ɢɨɛɨɷ ʀ ɪɩɭɫɠɜɮ ɝ ɩɬɝʀɲɠɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɺɰ ɉɬɝʀɭɛ ɪɩɲɛɦɛ ɝɣɰɩɟɣɭɣ ɢɛ ɧɠɡʀ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫʀɝ Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝɣ ɫʀɢɨɣɭɣ ɭɫɣ ɫʀɝɨʀ ɳɥʀɦ Ɉɣɡɲʀ ɳɥɩɦɣ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɪɫɣ ɱɠɫɥɝɛɰ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫɺɰ ɟɛ ɹɲɣ ɠɦɠɧɠɨɭɛɫɨʀ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɭɣɧ ɰɭɩ ɜɛɡɛɝ ɪɫɣɬɝɺɭɣɭɣ ɬɠɜɠ ɬɦɮɡʀɨɨɹ ȼɩɞɩɝʀ ɍɮɭ ɝɣɝɲɛɦɣ ɦɛɭɣɨɮ ɺɥɩɹ ɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɜɩɞɩɬɦɮɡʀɨ ɨɺ ɧɩɦɣɭɝɣ ɤ ɬɛɧ ɪɩɫɺɟɩɥ ɜɩɞɩɬɦɮɡʀɨɨɺ Ɇɠɥɱʀɺ ɝ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭʀ ɧʀɨʀɭɹɫɛ

Ɍɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɳɥɩɦɣ ɨɛɤɲɛɬɭʀɳɠ ɮɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɜʀɦɺ ɫɠɢɣɟɠɨɱʀɤ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪʀɝ Ɏ ɨɣɰ ɝɣɝɲɛɦɣ ɬʀɧ ©ɝʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɨɛɮɥª ³ ɞɫɛɧɛɭɣɥɮ ɫɣ ɭɩɫɣɥɮ ɟʀɛɦɠɥɭɣɥɮ ɛɫɣɯɧɠɭɣɥɮ ɞɠɩɧɠɭɫʀɹ ɉɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɧʀɬɭɣɦɛ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɹ ɛɬɭɫɩ ɦɩɞʀɹ ɤ ɧɮɢɣɥɮ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɭɫɣ ɨɛɮɥɣ ɬɥɦɛɟɛɦɣ ©ɭɫɣɝʀɮɧª ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨʀ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ³ ©ɥɝɛ ɟɫɣɝʀɮɧª Ɋɩɲɣɨɛɹɲɣ ɝʀɟ ;, ɬɭ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɢɛɫɩɟɡɮɹɭɷɬɺ ɝɣɴʀ ɳɥɩɦɣ ɺɥʀ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɨɛɢɝɛ ɦɣ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭɛɧɣ ɝʀɟ ɦɛɭɣɨ XQLYHUVLWDV ³ ɬɮɥɮɪɨʀɬɭɷ ɍɛɥɛ ɨɛɢɝɛ ɪɩɰɩɟɣ ɦɛ ɝʀɟ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɛɧɣ ɺɥʀ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɝɲɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɤ ɮɲɨʀɝ ɮɲɨʀ ɴɠ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭ ©ɛɦɷɧɛ ɧɛɭɠɫª ³ ɦɛɬɥɛɝɛ ɧɛɭʀɫ ɑʀ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɧɛɦɣ ɲʀɭɥʀ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɛ ɪɩɝɠɟʀɨɥɣ ɬɭɫɮɥɭɮɫɮ ɤ ɪɫɠɭɠɨɟɮɝɛɦɣ ɨɛ ɨɠɢɛ ɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ ɝʀɟ ɝɦɛɟɣ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɮ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɝɩɨɣ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɩɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ

Ɍɩɫɜɩɨɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭ ³ ɨɛɤɛɝɭɩɫɣɭɠɭɨʀɳɣɤ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭ ɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ

Ɏɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭ ɮ ȼɩɦɩɨɷʁ ³ ɪɠɫɳɣɤ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭ ɝ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ9 ɇɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ʀ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ

Ɍʀɧ ɝʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɨɛɮɥ ɰɮɟ ɇɛɫɭɠɨ ɟɠ Ƚɩɬ

Ƚɛɞɛɨɭɣ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ

Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɭɛɥʀ ɩɜ·ɾɟɨɛɨɨɺ ɝɣɨɣɥɦɣ ɝ ʀɭɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɧʀɬɭɛɰ Ɍɛɦɠɫɨɩ ɤ ȼɩɦɩɨɷɺ ɟɠ ɝɣɝɲɛɦɣ ɧɠɟɣɱɣɨɮ ɭɛ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɠ ɪɫɛɝɩ Ɏɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ;,,²;,,, ɬɭ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ɮɨʀ ɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭʀɝ ɪɩɬɭɮɪɩɝɩ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɦɛ Ɉɛɤɝʀɟɩɧʀɳɣɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ Ɋɛɫɣɢɷɥɣɤ Ɍɩɫɜɩɨɨɛ

ɉɥɬɯɩɫɟɬɷɥɣɤ ʀ Ʌɠɧɜɫɣɟɡɬɷɥɣɤ ɝ Ȼɨɞɦʀʁ Ɍɛɦɛɧɛɨɥɬɷɥɣɤ ɝ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀʁ ɭɩɴɩ Ɏ ɫ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɨɛɦʀɲɮɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭʀɝ Ƚɢʀɫɱɠɧ ɟɦɺ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭʀɝ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɬɭɛɝ Ɋɛɫɣɢɷɥɣɤ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭ Ƚʀɨ ɝɣɨɣɥ ɴɠ ɝ ɪɠɫɳʀɤ ɪɩɦɩɝɣɨʀ ;,, ɬɭ ɭɛ ʀɬɨɮɝɛɝ ɺɥ ©ɝʀɦɷɨɛ ɳɥɩɦɛª Ɏ ɫ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɏʀɦʀɪɪ ,, Ȼɝɞɮɬɭ ɨɛɟɛɝ ©ɳɥɩɦʀª ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨʀ ɪɫɛɝɛ Ƚ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭʀ ɜɮɦɩ ɲɩɭɣɫɣ ɯɛɥɮɦɷɭɠɭɣ ɛɫɭɣɬɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɪʀɟɞɩɭɩɝɲɣɤ ɨɛ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɝɣɝɲɛɦɣɬɺ ©ɬʀɧ ɝʀɦɷ ɨɣɰ ɨɛɮɥª ɧɠɟɣɲɨɣɤ ɹɫɣɟɣɲɨɣɤ ɜɩɞɩɬɦɩɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɯʀɦɩɬɩɯɬɷɥɣɤ

Ƚɣɥɦɛɟɛɨɨɺ ɝ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭɛɰ ɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɦɛɭɣɨɩɹ ɴɩ ɟɛɝɛɦɩ ɬɭɮɟɠɨɭɛɧ ɢɧɩɞɮ ɪɩɲɛɭɣ ɨɛɝɲɛɨɨɺ ɝ ɩɟɨɩɧɮ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭʀ ɛ ɢɛɥʀɨɲɮɝɛɭɣ ɝ ʀɨɳɩɧɮ ɒʀɭɥɩɞɩ ɭɠɫɧʀɨɮ ɨɛɝɲɛɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ʀ ɭɩɧɮ ɟɠɺɥʀ ɬɭɮɟɠɨ ɭɣ ɝɲɣɦɣɬɺ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɟɩɝɞɩ Ɍɭɮɟɠɨɭʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɪɩɟɩɫɩɡɮɝɛɦɣ ɢ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭɮ ɟɩ ʀɨɳɩɞɩ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɦɣ ɝɛɞɛɨɭɛɧɣ ɜɫɩɟɺ ɞɛɧɣ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɯɩɫɧɛɧɣ ɨɛɝɲɛɨ ɨɺ ɜɮɦɣ ɦɠɥɱʀʁ ɭɛ ɟɣɬɪɮɭɣ ɧʀɡ ɪɫɩɯɠ ɬɩɫɛɧɣ X Ⱦɟ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɛɭɥɨ ɡɞɨɛɭɬɢ ɨɫɜɿɬɭ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ" X ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ" X Ɋɨɡɝɥɹɧɶɬɟ ɦɚɥɸɧɨɤ ɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ X əɤɢɣ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɛɭɜ ɩɟɪɲɢɦ ɭ ȯɜɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɩɪɨ ɧɚɜɱɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɪɨɩɿ" ɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɿɣ ɲɤɨɥɿ

² Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

ɂɛɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɱɷɥɣɰ ɢɨɛɨɷ ɛɦɰʀɧʀɺ Ɏ ɟɛɝɨɣɨɮ ɦɹɟɣ ɢɛɧɣɬɦɹɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛɟ ɪʀɢɨɛɨɨɺɧ ɨɛɝɥɩ ɦɣɳɨɷɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɉɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɪɠɫɳɣɰ ɱʀɥɛɝʀɬɭɷ ɟɩ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɲɣɰ ɨɛɮɥ ɝɣ ɺɝɣɝ ɪɫɩɯɠɬɩɫ ɉɥɬɯɩɫɟɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭɮ ɧɩɨɛɰ ɯɫɛɨ ɱɣɬɥɛɨɠɱɷ ɋɩɟɡɠɫ ȼpɥɩɨ Ƚʀɨ ɟɩɝɩɟɣɝ ɴɩ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɩɭɫɣɧɛɭɣ ɨɠ ɝ ɜɩɞɩɬɦɩɝɬɷɥɣɰ ɬɮɪɠɫɠɲɥɛɰ ɛ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɝɣɝɲɛ ɹɲɣ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɮ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɟɩɬɦʀɟʀɝ ȼɠɥɩɨ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɋɩɟɡɠɫ ȼɠɥɩɨ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭʀɝ ɉɬɩɜɦɣɝɩɞɩ ɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɨ ɨɛɟɛɝɛɝ ɧɛɭɠɧɛɭɣɱʀ ɯʀɢɣɱʀ ɰʀɧʀʁ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɝɬɺ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɭɣ ɧʀɥɫɩɬɥɩɪ ʀ ɭɠɦɠɬɥɩɪ ɪɩ ɺɬɨɣɝ ɪɩɰɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɝɠɬɠɦɥɣ Ɍɮɲɛɬɨɣɥɣ ɝɝɛɡɛɦɣ ȼɠɥɩɨɛ ɧɛɞɩɧ ʀ ɲɛɫʀɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɫɩɢ ɪɩɝʀɟɛɦɣ ɴɩ ɝʀɨ ɨʀɜɣɭɩ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɝ ɧʀɟɨɮ ɞɩɦɩɝɮ ɺɥɛ ɝɧʀɦɛ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɭɣ Ɏɲɠɨɣɤ ɜɮɝ ɪɠɫɠɥɩɨɛɨɣɤ ɴɩ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɩɜɮɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɛɧɩɫɮɰɩɧʀ ɬɮɟɨɛ ɤ ɝʀɢɥɣ ɢɫɩɜɣɭɣ ɛɪɛɫɛɭɣ ɺɥʀ ɦʀɭɛɦɣ ɜ ɮ ɪɩɝʀɭɫʀ ɭɛ ɪɠɫɠɬɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɧɩɫɬɷɥɣɧ ɟɨɩɧ Ɍɦɛɝɛ ɪɫɩ ɤɩɞɩ ɟɩɬɺɞɨɠɨɨɺ ɳɣɫɣɦɛɬɺ ɝɬʀɾɹ Ȱɝɫɩɪɩɹ ɂɛɢɟɫʀɬɨɣɥɣ ɢɝɣɨɮ ɝɛɭɣɦɣ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɥɛ ɮ ɢɝ·ɺɢɥɛɰ ʀɢ ɟɣɺɝɩɦɩɧ ɇɩɨɛɰɛ ɥɣɨɮɦɣ ɟɩ ɝ·ɺɢɨɣɱʀ ɟɠ ɝʀɨ ɪɫɩɝʀɝ ɫɩɥʀɝ ʀ ɝɣɤɳɩɝ ɨɛ ɝɩɦɹ ɦɣɳɠ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɬɧɠɫɭɹ Ȼɦɠ ɡɛɞɛ ɪʀɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɩɰɩɪɦɹɝɛɦɛ ɲɣɧɫɛɢ ɳɣɫɳʀ ɝɠɫɬɭɝɣ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ Ɏ Ɍɣ ɱɣɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɧɮ ɥɩɫɩɦʀɝɬɭɝʀ ɟɠ ɭʀɬɨɩ ɬɪɦɠɦɣɬɺ ɢɛɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɛ ɭɛ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɟɠɨɩ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨʀ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɨɣɲʀ ɭɝɩɫɣ ɞɫɠɱɷɥɣɰ ɭɛ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɣɰ ɛɝɭɩɫʀɝ Ɏ ɬɦɛɝɨɩɢɝʀɬɨʀɤ ɧɠɟɣɲɨʀɤ ɳɥɩɦʀ ɝ Ɍɛɦɠɫɨɩ ɝɣɝɲɛɦɣɬɺ ɦʀɥɮɝɛɦɷɨʀ ɺɥɩ ɬɭʀ ɫɩɬɦɣɨ ɫɩɢɫɩɜɦɺɦɣɬɺ ɪɫɛɥɭɣɲɨʀ ɫɠɥɩɧɠɨɟɛɱʀʁ ɢ ɪɫɩɭɣɟʀɤ ɩɭɫɮɭɛɧ ɥɩɫɣɬɨʀ ɨɛɬɭɛɨɩɝɣ ɴɩɟɩ ɪʀɟɭɫɣɧɛɨɨɺ ɢɟɩɫɩɝ·ɺ ɭɩɴɩ Ƚɛɡɦɣɝʀ ɪɫɛɥɭɣɲɨʀ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɨɛɥɩɪɣɲɮɝɛɦɣ ɛɦɰʀɧʀɥɣ ɭɛ ɛɬɭɫɩɦɩɞɣ Ɋɠɫɳʀ ɪɠ ɫɠɤɧɛɦɣɬɺ ɪɩɳɮɥɛɧɣ ©ɯʀɦɩɬɩɯɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɥɛɧɠɨɹª ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨʀ ɧɠɭɛɦɣ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɠɫɠɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɭɣ ɨɛ ɢɩɦɩɭɩ ɑʀ ɢɮɬɣɦɦɺ ɝɣɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɧɛɫɨɣɧɣ ɛɦɠ ɛɦɰʀɧʀɥɣ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɝɣɝɲɣɦɣ ɝɦɛɬɭɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɫɠɲɩɝɣɨ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɟɩɬɦʀɟɨɣɰ ɪɫɣɦɛɟʀɝ ɭɩɴɩ Ȼɬɭɫɩɦɩɞɣ ɺɥʀ ɝʀɴɮɝɛɦɣ ɟɩɦʀ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɢɛ ɫɩɢɭɛɳɮɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɢʀɫɩɥ ɢɫɩɜɣɦɣ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭʀɝ ɮ ɱɛɫɣɨʀ ɛɬɭɫɩɨɩɧʀʁ ɂɜɛɞɛɭɣɦɣɬɺ ɤ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨʀ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɾɝ ɫɩɪɠɤɱʀɝ Ƚɠɨɠɱʀɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɥɮɪɠɱɷ ɇɛɫɥɩ Ɋɩɦɩ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɣɝ ɪɩɟɩɫɩɡ ɟɩ Ʌɣɭɛɹ ɤ ɑɠɨ ɭɫɛɦɷɨɩʁ Ȼɢʀʁ Ɍɝɩʁ ɝɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɨ ɩɪɣɬɛɝ ɮ ©Ʌɨɣɢʀª ɺɥɛ ɝɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɮɬɷɩɞɩ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩ ɝʀɲɲɺ ɢɛɦɣɳɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɛɤɮɦɹɜɦɠɨʀɳɣɧ ɲɭɣ ɝɩɧ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɱʀɝ Ɏ ɐȲ9²ɐ9 ɬɭ ɪɩɜɛɲɣɦɣ ɬɝʀɭ ɲɣɧɛɦɩ ɩɪɣɬʀɝ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ Ɋɩɫɺɟ ʀɢ ɟɩɬɭɩɝʀɫ ɨɣɧɣ ɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭɺɧɣ ɝɩɨɣ ɧʀɬɭɣɦɣ ɫʀɢɨʀ ɯɛɨɭɛɬɭɣɲɨʀ ʀɬɭɩɫʀʁ ɨɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɪɫɩ ɨɛɪʀɝ Ȼɦɰʀɧʀɥɣ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ9 ɇɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ʀ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ

ɦɹɟɠɤ ɨɛɪʀɝɲɮɟɩɝɣɬɷɥ ɍɛɥɣɧɣ ɯɛɨɭɛɬɭɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɩɪɣɬɛɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɬɪɩɝɨɠɨʀ ɥɨɣɞɣ ɪɫɩ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ʀ ɫɩɬɦɣɨɣ Ƚɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɟ ɪɩɟɩɫɩɡɠɤ ɫɩɢɳɣɫɹɝɛɦɣ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɬɝʀɭ ʀ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɣ ɝɟɩɬɥɩɨɛɦɠɨɨɹ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɥɛɫɭ ɑɣɧ ɢɛɥɦɛɟɛɦɣɬɺ ɪʀɟɝɛɦɣɨɣ ɟɦɺ ɧɛɤɜɮɭɨʀɰ Ƚɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɞɠɩɞɫɛɯʀɲɨɣɰ ɝʀɟɥɫɣɭɭʀɝ ɓɦɺɰ ɪɩɟɩɫɩɡʀ ɇɛɫɥɩ Ɋɩɦɩ

X ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɚ ɡɚɫɥɭɝɚ Ɋ Ȼɟɤɨɧɚ" əɤɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɿɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɧ ɜɜɚɠɚɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɢɦ"

Ⱦɠɫɩʁɲɨɣɤ ɠɪɩɬ ɂ ɟɛɝɨʀɰ ɟɛɝɠɨ ɦɹɟɣ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟʀ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɧɣɨɮɦɩɞɩ ɢ ɮɬɭ ɝ ɮɬɭɛ ɚɥ ɪɫɛɝɣɦɩ ɞɠɫɩɺɧɣ ɱɣɰ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɠɤ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɩɡɟʀ ɥɩɫɩɦʀ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ ɥɛɢɥɩɝʀ ɞɠɫɩʁ ɂ ɐ ɬɭ ʁɰ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɢɛɪɣɬɮɝɛɭɣ Ɉɛɤɝʀɟɩɧʀɳɣɧɣ ɞɠɫɩɺɧɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ ɂɣʊɯɫʀɟ ɋɩɦɛɨɟ Ɍʀɟ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ Ȼɫɭɮɫ ɜɠɢɬɭɫɛɳɨɣɤ ȼɠɩɝɮɦɷɯ Ƚɟɪɨʀɱɧɢɣ ɟɩɨɫ ² ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɿ ɩɪɨ ɝɟɪɨʀɜ ² ɩɪɢɫɜɹɱɟɧɢɣ ɜɨɠɞɹɦ ɿ ɤɨɪɨɥɹɦ ɪɚɧɧɶɨɝɨ ɋɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɱɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɞɨɦɿ ɛɢɬɜɢ ɤɚɡɤɨɜɢɯ ɝɟɪɨʀɜ ɀɪʀɢɩɟ ɢ ɪɩɠɧɣ ɪɫɩ ȼɠɩɝɮɦɷɯɛ

ɀɪʀɢɩɟ ɢ ©Ɋʀɬɨʀ ɪɫɩ ɋɩɦɛɨɟɛª

Ɋɫɩ ɜɦɛɞɩɫɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɂɣʊɯɫʀɟɛ ɪɫɠɥɫɛɬɨɮ Ʌɫɣɧɰʀɦɷɟɮ ɪɫɩ ɞɠɫɧɛɨɱʀɝ ɭɛ ʁɰɨɹ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢ ɞɮɨɛɧɣ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ©Ɋʀɬɨɺ ɪɫɩ Ɉʀɜɠɦɮɨɞʀɝª ɉɟɨɣɧ ʀɢ ɨɛɤɮɦɹɜɦɠɨʀɳɣɰ ɞɠɫɩʁɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɜɮɝ ɥɩɫɩɦɷ Ȼɫɭɮɫ ³ ɰɩɫɩɜɫɣɤ ɜɩɫɠɱɷ ɪɫɩɭɣ ɛɨɞɦɩɬɛɥɬɩɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɢɛɝɩɤɩɝɨɣɥʀɝ ȼɫɣɭɛɨʀʁ Ʉɩɞɩ ɩɜɫɛɢ ɢɧɛɦɷɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɮ ɟɠɬɺɭɥɛɰ ɫɩɧɛɨʀɝ ɋɣɱɛɫʀ ©ɥɫɮɞɦɩɞɩ ɬɭɩɦɮª ɲɛɫʀɝɨɣɤ ɧɠɲ ɀɬɥɛɦʀɜɮɫ ɟɫɮɡɣɨɛ ȿɡɣɨɠɝɫɛ ɲɛɫʀɝɨɣɥ ɇɠɫɦʀɨ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɨɠɝʀɟ·ɾɧɨɣɧɣ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɛɧɣ ɩɜɫɛɢɮ Ɍɥɛɨɟɣɨɛɝɬɷɥɣɤ ɞɠɫɩɤ ɥɩɨɮɨɞ ȼɠɩɝɮɦɷɯ ɮɬɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɜɩɫɩɝɬɺ ɢʀ ɬɭɫɛɳɨɣɧɣ ɲɮɟɩɝɣɬɷɥɛɧɣ Ƚʀɨ ʀ ɢɛɞɣɨɮɝ ɮɜɣɝɳɣ ɩɬɭɛɨɨɷɩɞɩ ɟɫɛɥɩɨɛ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɝʀɟɩɧɣɧɣ ɪɩɠɧɛɧɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɛ ©Ɋʀɬɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɋɩɦɛɨɟɛª ɭɛ ʀɬɪɛɨɬɷɥɛ ©Ɋʀɬɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɧɩɞɩ Ɍʀɟɛª

² Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

©Ɋʀɬɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɋɩɦɛɨɟɛª ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɪɫɩ ɲɛɬɣ Ʌɛɫɦɛ Ƚɠɦɣɥɩɞɩ ɭɛ ɜɩɫɩɭɷɜɮ ɢ ɛɫɛ ɜɛɧɣ Ƚʀɟɝɛɡɨɣɤ ɝɩʁɨ ɋɩɦɛɨɟ ɪɫɣɥɫɣɝɛɹɲɣ ɝʀɟɬɭɮɪ ɱʀɨɩɹ ɝɦɛɬɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɝɫɺ ɭɮɝɛɝ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɮ ȼɦɛɞɩɫɩɟɨɣɤ ɋɩɦɛɨɟ ɬɭɛɝ ɝɢʀɫɱɠɧ ɝʀɫɨɩɬɭʀ ɤ ɲɠɬɭʀ ɟɦɺ ɜɛɞɛɭɷɩɰ ɪɩɥɩɦʀɨɷ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɰ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ Ɏ ©Ɋʀɬɨʀ ɪɫɩ ɧɩɞɩ Ɍʀɟɛª ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɝʀɤɬɷɥɩɝʀ ɪɩɟʀʁ ɝ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀʁ ɟɠ ɝʀɟ ɝɛɡɨɣɤ ɫɣɱɛɫ Ɍʀɟ ɮɜɣɝɛɾ ɟɝɩɰ ɧɮɬɮɦɷɧɛɨɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɫɛɝɣɭɠɦʀɝ ʀ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ ɥʀɦɷɥʀɬɭɷ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɝɩʁɨʀɝ Ɍʀɟ ɮɬɦɛɝɣɝɬɺ ɬɝɩɾɹ ɬɧʀɦɣɝʀɬɭɹ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɟɮɳɨʀɬɭɹ ɦɹɜɩɝ·ɹ ɟɩ ɜɛɭɷ ɥʀɝɴɣɨɣ ɤ ɝʀɟɟɛɨʀɬɭɹ ɥɩɫɩɦɹ X ɓɨ ɩɪɢɜɚɛɥɸɜɚɥɨ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɚɯ ɪɢɰɚɪɿɜ Ɂɢʉɮɪɿɞɚ Ɋɨɥɚɧɞɚ ɋɿɞɚ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ Ⱥɪɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɧɭɧɝɚ Ȼɟɨɜɭɥɶɮɚ"

ɋɣɱɛɫɬɷɥɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ɋɣɱɛɫɬɭɝɩ ɪɩɟʀɜɨɩ ɟɩ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɝɠɫɬɭɝ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɷɨɩɞɩ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɦɩ ɝɦɛɬ ɨɮ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɮ ɺɥɛ ɩɬɭɛɭɩɲɨɩ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɝ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɑɠ ɜɮɦɛ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɛ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɫɣ ɭɮɛɦʀɝ ɢɝɣɲɛʁɝ ɟɝɩɫɺɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɝɝʀɲɦɣɝɩɬɭʀ ɥɮɫɭɮɛɢɨʀɬɭɷ ɫʀɢɨɩɧɛɨʀɭɨɣɰ ɫɩɢɝɛɞ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɝɩɨɛ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɛ ɪɩ ɬɩɜʀ ɫɣɱɛɫ ɬɷɥɮ ɪɩɠɢʀɹ ɪɫɩ ɦɹɜɩɝ ɫɩɧɛɨɣ ɺɥʀ ɢɨɛɲ ɨɩɹ ɧʀɫɩɹ ɟɩɪɩɝɨɣɦɣ ɞɠɫɩʁɲɨɣɤ ɠɪɩɬ ɋɣɱɛɫ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɠɥɫɛɬɨɛ ɟɛɧɛ Ɏ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɫɩɧɛɨɛɰ ɝʀɟɜɣɦɛɬɺ ɩɟ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɤ ɧɛɦɹɨɩɥ

ɝʀɲɨɛ ɧɫʀɺ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɪɫɩ ɝɣɬɩɥɮ ɤ ɝʀɟɟɛɨɮ ɦɹɜɩɝ ɺɥɛ ɢɟɛɭɨɛ ɪɩɟɩɦɛɭɣ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥʀ ɪɠɫɠ ɪɩɨɣ Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɩɹ ɬɥɦɛɟɩɝɩɹ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɥɮɦɷ ɭɮɫɣ ɜɮɦɛ ɥɮɫɭɮɛɢɨɛ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥɛ ɪɩɠɢʀɺ ɪɫɣɭɛɧɛɨɨɛ ɦɣɳɠ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɝʀɥʀɝ ɢ ɐȲ ɟɩ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ Ɍɝɩɞɩ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳɩɞɩ ɫɩɢɥɝʀ ɭɮ ɥɮɫɭɮɛɢɨɛ ɪɩɠɢʀɺ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɛ ɮ ɭɝɩɫɲɩɬɭʀ ɭɫɮɜɛɟɮɫʀɝ ³ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɠɭʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɪɩɰɩ ɟɣɦɣ ɢ ɫʀɢɨɣɰ ɪɫɩɳɛɫɥʀɝ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ Ⱦɩ ɍɫɮɜɛɟɮɫɣ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛ

ɦɩɝɨɩɹ ɭɠɧɩɹ ʁɰɨʀɰ ɭɝɩɫʀɝ ɜɮɦɛ ɥɮɫɭɮɛɢ ɨɛ ɦɹɜɩɝ ɍɫɮɜɛɟɮɫɣ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɪʀɝɟɨʀ ɏɫɛɨɱʀʁ ɮ Ɋɫɩɝɛɨɬʀ ɟɠ ɝɪɠɫɳɠ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɬɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɨɛ ɧɩɝɛ Ɋɩɠɢʀɺ ɭɫɮɜɛɟɮɫʀɝ ɜɮɦɛ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥɩɝɩ ɪʀɬɠɨɨɩɹ ȳʁ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɪʀɟ ɛɥɩɧɪɛɨɠɧɠɨɭ ɧɮɢɣɲ ɨɣɰ ʀɨɬɭɫɮɧɠɨɭʀɝ ɬɛɧʀ ɭɫɮɜɛɟɮɫɣ ɛɜɩ ɨɛɤɨɺɭʀ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɨʀ ɬɪʀɝɱʀ ɡɩɨɞɦɠɫɣ Ɋɩɫɺɟ ʀɢ ɪɩɠɢʀɾɹ ɭɫɮɜɛɟɮɫʀɝ ɮ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɣɰ ɢɠɧɦɺɰ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɝɦɛɬɨɛ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀɺ ɦɹɜɩɝɨɩʁ ɪɩɠɢʀʁ ³ ɧʀɨɠɢɛɨɞ ɴɩ ɝ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɟʀ ɩɢɨɛɲɛɾ ©ɦɹɜɩɝɨɛ ɪʀɬɨɺª ɇʀɨɠɢɣɨ ɞɠɫɣ ɬɪɣɫɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɨɛɫɩɟɨʀ ɪʀɬɨʀ ɪɩɫɺɟ ɢ ɩɬɪʀɝɮɝɛɨɨɺɧ ɝɣɬɩɥɩʁ ɦɹɜɩɝʀ ɝɠɦɣɥɮ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ9 ɇɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ʀ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ

ɮɝɛɞɮ ɪɫɣɟʀɦɺɹɭɷ ɩɪɣɬɮ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɩɬɩɜɦɣ ɝɩ ɝɠɬɨɣ Ɉɛɤɝɣɟɛɭɨʀɳɣɧ ɧʀɨɠɢɣɨɞɠɫɩɧ ɝɝɛɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ Ƚɛɦɷɭɠɫ ɯɩɨ ɟɠɫ ɏɩɞɠɦɷɝɠɤɟɠ ɉɬɨɩɝɩɹ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɜɮɝ ɥɩ ɟɠɥɬ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥɩʁ ɪɩɝɠɟʀɨɥɣ ɢɛɬɨɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɨɛ ɲɠɬɭʀ ɂɞʀɟɨɩ ɢ ɱɣɧ ɨɠɪɣɬɛɨɣɧ ɢʀɜɫɛɨ ɨɺɧ ɧɩɫɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɪɫɛɝɣɦ ɫɣɱɛɫ ɧɛɝ ɜɮɭɣ ɜɠɢɧɠɡɨɩ ɝʀɟɟɛɨɣɧ ȼɩɞɮ ɝʀɫɨɩ ɬɦɮɡɣɭɣ ɬɝɩɾɧɮ ɬɠɨɷɤɩɫɮ ɤ ɪɫɠɥɫɛɬɨʀɤ ɟɛɧʀ ɩɪʀ ɥɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɡʀɨɥɛɧɣ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɣɥɛɧɣ ɤ ɢɨɠ ɟɩɦɠɨɣɧɣ ɨɠɢɧʀɨɨɩ ɟɩɭɫɣɧɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɝɬʀɰ ɩɜɩɝ·ɺɢɥʀɝ ʀ ɥɦɺɭɝ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɫɠɛɦɷɨɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɝʀɟɫʀɢ ɨɺɦɩɬɺ ɝʀɟ ʀɟɠɛɦɮ Ɉɛ ɨɠɜɦɛɞɩɫɩɟɨɣɰ ʀ ɪɫɩɬɭɩɦɹɟɣɨʀɝ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ ɟɣɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɢɨɠɝɛɡ ɦɣɝɩ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɹɲɣ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɣɤ ɪɫɣɝʀɟ ɟɦɺ ɮɭɣɬɥʀɝ ɪɩɞɫɛɜɮɝɛɨɷ ɲɣ ɩɜɫɛɢ Ƚ ʀɨ ɳɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ ʀ ɢɛ ɧɠɡɛɧɣ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɫɣɱɛɫʀ ɲɣɨɣɦɣ ɬɝɛɝʀɦɦɺ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɬɭɩɬɩɝɨɩ ɨɠ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨ X əɤɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɪɢɫɢ ɪɢɰɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ"

Ɏ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɫɩɧɛɨɛɰ ɟɩ ɧʀɨɮɝɛɦɣ ɟɝʀ ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɭɠɧɣ ɥɮɫɭɮɛɢɨɠ ɥɩɰɛɨɨɺ ɤ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥɛ ɝʀɫɨʀɬɭɷ ɑʀ ɭɠɧɣ ɾ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɤ ɮ ɝʀɟɩɧɣɰ ɝʀɫɳɩɝɛɨɣɰ ɫɩɧɛɨɛɰ Ʌɫɠɭɷɾɨɛ ɟɠ ɍɫɮɛ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɨɣɰ ɮ ² ɫɫ Ɋɠɫɳɛ ɭɠɧɛ ɳɣɫ ɳɠ ɫɩɢɥɫɣɭɛ ɝ ©Ɇɛɨɬɠɦɩɭʀª ɟɫɮ ɞɛ ³ ɮ ©Ɋɠɫɬɠɝɛɦʀª ©Ɋɠɫɬɠɝɛɦɷª ɢɛɪɩɲɛɭɥɮɝɛɝ ɱɣɥɦ ɫɩɧɛɨʀɝ ɪɫɩ ɪɩɳɮɥɣ ©Ɍɝɺɭɩɞɩ ʉɫɛɛɦɺª ³ ɲɛɳʀ ɺɥɩɹ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɐɫɣɬɭɩɬ ɨɛ ɭɛɤɨʀɤ ɝɠɲɠɫʀ ʀ ɝ ɺɥɮ Ʉɩɬɣɪ ɢ Ȼɫɣɧɛɯɠʁ ɢʀɜɫɛɝ ɥɫɩɝ ʀɢ ɫɛɨɣ Ȳɬɮ ɬɛ ɝʀɟ ɬɪɣɬɛ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɝɩʁɨɛ Ȼɦɠ ɨɛɤɝʀɟɩɧʀɳɣɧ ɫɣɱɛɫɬɷɥɣɧ ɫɩɧɛ ɨɩɧ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɬɭɛɝ ɫɩɧɛɨ ©ɍɫʀɬɭɛɨ ɭɛ Ȳɢɩɦɷɟɛª ³ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɷ ɪɫɩ ɝɣɬɩɥɮ ɦɹɜɩɝ ʀ ɭɫɛɞʀɲɨɮ ɬɧɠɫɭɷ ɤɩɞɩ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɰ ɞɠɫɩʁɝ ɍɫʀɬ ɭɛɨɛ ɭɛ Ȳɢɩɦɷɟɣ

ɇʀɬɷɥɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ɇʀɴɛɨɣ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɺɥɣɰ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɝʀɟɫʀɢɨɺɦɩɬɺ ɝʀɟ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɪɫɩɳɛɫɥʀɝ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲ ɨɩɞɩ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ɭɠɡ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɦɣ ɝɦɛɬɨɮ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɮ ɇʀɬɷɥɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ɧɛɦɛ ɬɝʀɭ ɬɷɥɣɤ ɨɠ ɪɩɝ·ɺɢɛɨɣɤ ʀɢ ɱɠɫɥɝɩɹ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ ʀ ɭʀɬɨɩ ɪɠɫɠɪɦʀɭɛɦɛɬɺ ɢ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɩɹ ɭɝɩɫɲʀɬɭɹ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɛɬɠɦɠɨɨɺ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɩɪɮɦɺɫɨɣɧɣ ɝʀɫɳɩɝɛɨʀ ɜɛɤɥɣ ɡɛɫɭɣ ɮ ɺɥɣɰ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɩ ɥɧʀɭɦɣɝɣɰ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɧʀɬɭ ɴɩ ɢɨɛɰɩɟɣɦɣ ɝɣɰʀɟ ʀɢ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɬɥɫɮɭɨɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɨɩɝɣɴɛ ɚɬɥɫɛɝɣɤ ɝɣɺɝ ɧʀɬɷɥɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ɧɛɦɛ ɝ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɦʀɭɠ ɫɛɭɮɫɣ Ɉɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɝʀɟɩɧɣɧ ʀ ɮɦɹɜɦɠɨɣɧ ɭɝɩɫɩɧ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɧʀɬɭ ɜɮɝ ɯɫɛɨɱɮɢɷɥɣɤ ©ɋɩɧɛɨ ɪɫɩ Ɇɣɬɛª ɮ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɪʀɟ ɝɣɞɦɺɟɩɧ ɭɝɛɫɣɨ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɠɨʀ ɝɬʀ ɪɫɩɳɛɫɥɣ ɬɠɫɠɟ ɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɮɬɪʀɦɷɬɭɝɛ ³ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɣ ɥɩɫɩɦʀ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɣɥɣ ɧʀɴɛɨɣ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨɣɤ ɞɠɫɩɤ ³ Ɇɣɬ ɋɠɨɛɫ ɥɧʀɭɦɣɝɣɤ ɡɣɭ ɭɾɫɛɟʀɬɨɣɤ ɢɟɛɭɨɣɤ ɢɨɛɤɭɣ ɝɣɰʀɟ ʀɢ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɩʁ ɬɣɭɮɛɱʀʁ ɋɠɨɛɫ ɾ ɮɩɬɩɜɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɢɛɧɩɡɨɩɞɩ ɜɹɫɞɠɫɛ Ƚʀɨ ɪɩɬɭʀɤɨɩ ɝɩɟɣɭɷ ɢɛ ɨʀɬ Ƚɩɝɥɛ Ȳɢɠɞɫʀɨɛ ɭɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɜɫɛɭɛ Ɋɫʀɧɩ ɮɩɬɩɜ ɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɩɜɫɛɢɣ ɫɣɱɛɫʀɝ Ɇɣɬ ɩɜɟɮɫɹɾ Ɇɠɝɛ ɥɩɫɩɦɺ ɞɦɮ ɓɝɛɨɥɣ ɝ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨʀ ɢɮɾ ʀɢ ɡɛɟʀɜɨɩɞɩ Ƚʀɬɦɹɥɛ ɬɝɺɴɠɨɣɥɛ ɚɥ ɬɪɫɛɝɡɨʀɤ Ɇɣɬ ɞɫɛɝɹɫɛ

² Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

ɝʀɨ ɞɛɨɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɛ ɢɛɤɱɺɧɣ ɥɮɫɧɣ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨʀ ɦɹɟɣ

ɛɦɠ ʀɢ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɝ ɨɷɩɞɩ ɨʀɲɩɞɩ ɨɠ ɝɣɰɩɟɣɭɷ Ɏ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ɫɩɧɛɨ ɧɛɝ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɮɬɪʀɰ Ɉɠ ɧɠɨɳ ɪɩɪɮɦɺɫɨɣɧ ɜɮɝ ʀ ©ɋɩɧɛɨ ɪɫɩ ɍɫɩɺɨ ɟɮª ɮ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɩɬɪʀɝɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɛ ɭɛ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɣɤ ɫɩ ɢɮɧ ɮɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɫʀɝɨʀɬɭɷ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɇʀɬɷɥɛ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɛ ɝɣɰɩɝɮɝɛɦɛ ɪɩɲɮɭɭɺ ɦɹɟɺɨɩ ɬɭʀ Ƚɩɨɛ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɛɦɛ ɬɝʀɟɩɧʀɬɭɷ ɞɩɫɩɟɺɨ ɺɥʀ ɱʀɨɮ ɝɛɦɣ ɬɝɩɹ ɬɝɩɜɩɟɮ ɤ ɨɠɢɛɦɠɡɨʀɬɭɷ Ɉɠɝʀɟ·ɾɧɨɩɹ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɩɹ ɧʀɬɷɥɩʁ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɜɮɦɛ ɭɝɩɫɲʀɬɭɷ ɧɛɨɟɫʀɝɨɣɰ ɛɥɭɩɫʀɝ ɧɮɢɣɥɛɨɭʀɝ ɬɪʀɝɛɥʀɝ ɭɛɨɱɹɫɣɬɭʀɝ ɭɛ ɛɥɫɩɜɛɭʀɝ ɯɩɥɮɬɨɣɥʀɝ ɺɥɣɰ ɨɛɢɣɝɛ ɦɣ ɡɩɨɞɦɠɫɛɧɣ Ƚɩɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɮɦɹɜɦɠɨɱɺɧɣ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɧʀɬɭ ɇɛɨɟɫɮɹɲɣ ɝʀɟ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɟɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɡɩɨɞɦɠɫɣ ɪɩɥɛ ɢɮɝɛɦɣ ɬɝɩʁ ɝɣɬɭɛɝɣ ɨɛ ɪɦɩɴɛɰ ɪɫɩɬɭɩ ɨɠɜɛ X ɑɢɦ ɜɢɪɿɡɧɹɥɚɫɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɦɟɲɤɚɧɰɿɜ ɦɿɫɬɚ"

ɋɩɢɝɣɭɩɥ ɭɠɰɨʀɥɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɛ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɛ Ȱɝɫɩɪɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɜʀɟɨɩ ɭɠɰ ɨʀɲɨɩ ɩɬɨɛɴɠɨɛ Ɏ ɪɠɫʀɩɟ ɢ 9 ɪɩ ɐȲ9 ɬɭ ɝɣɨɛɰʀɟ ɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɪɫɩɺɝɦɺɦɩɬɷ ɬɦɛɜɩ ȿɩ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɡɩɟɨɩʁ ɥɨɣɞɣ ɪɫɩ ɭɠɰɨʀɲɨʀ ɝɣɨɛɰɩɟɣ ɝɟɩɬɥɩɨɛ ɦɠɨɨɺ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɩɹ ɠɨɠɫɞʀɾɹ ɟɦɺ ɪɫɣɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ ɝ ɟʀɹ ɺɥɣɰɩɬɷ ɪɫɣɬɭɫɩʁɝ ɜɮɦɛ ɧɮɬɥɮɦɷɨɛ ɬɣɦɛ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ʀ ɭɝɛɫɣɨɣ Ɋɩɪɫɣ ɱɠ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ɢɛɦɣɳɣɦɣ ɨɛɧ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɛ ɬɮɭɭɾɝɣɰ ɝɟɩɬɥɩɨɛɦɠɨɷ ɝɡɠ ɝʀɟɩɧɣɰ ɪɫɣ ɬɭɫɩʁɝ ʀ ɨɩɝɣɰ ɝɣɨɛɰɩɟʀɝ ɍɛɥ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɟɩɬɥɩɨɛɦɠɨʀ ɪʀɟɤɩɧɨʀ ɥɫɛɨɣ ɝɣɨɛɤɟɠɨɩ ɟɩɧɥɫɛɭ Ɉɛɤɫɠɝɩɦɹ ɱʀɤɨʀɳɩɹ ɜɮɦɛ ɪɩɺɝɛ ɝɠɫɰɨɷɩɜʀɤɨɩɞɩ ɥɩɦɠɬɛ ɺɥɠ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɩ ɠɨɠɫɞʀɹ ɝɩɟɣ ɟɦɺ ɪɫɣɝɠɟɠɨɨɺ ɝ ɟʀɹ ɧɠɰɛɨʀɢɧʀɝ Ɋɩɫʀɝɨɺɨɩ ɢ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɝɣɟɛɧɣ ɥɩɦʀɬ ɝɩɨɩ ɧɛɥɬɣɧɛɦɷɨɩ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɩ ɠɨɠɫɞʀɹ ɭɠɲʀʁ ɝɩɟɣ ʀ ɧɩɞɦɩ ɜɮɭɣ ɝɬɭɛɨɩɝɦɠɨɠ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɨɛ ɫʀɝɨɣɨɨʀɤ ɧʀɬɱɠɝɩɬɭʀ ɢ ɪɩɝʀɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɫʀɲɥɛɧɣ ɔɠ ɩɟɨɣɧ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɧ ɝɣɨɛɰɩɟɩɧ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɝɣɨɛɤ ɟɠɨɨɺ ɰɩɧɮɭɛ ³ ɨɩɝɩʁ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɣ ɮɪɫɺɡʀ ɟɦɺ ɥɩɨɺ ɺɥɛ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɺɦɛ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɥɩɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɟɩɝɞɩ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɩʁ ɩɫɛɨɥɣ ɢɠɧɦʀ Ʌʀɨɷ ɢɛɧʀɨɣɝ ɝɩɦʀɝ ɝ ɩɜɫɩɜ ɱʀ ɢɠɧɠɦɷ ɑɠ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɩ ɪɫɣɬɥɩɫɠɨɨɹ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳɨɷɩʁ ɥɩɦɩɨʀɢɛɱʀʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ Ɍɮɭɷ ɝɣɨɛɰɩɟɮ ɪɩɦɺɞɛɦɛ ɝ ɭɩɧɮ ɴɩ ɞɩɦɩɝɨʀ ɢɮɬɣɦɦɺ ɥɩɨɺ ɬɪɫɺɧɩɝɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ

Ɇɣɬ ɋɠɨɛɫ

ɛ

ɜ

ɝ

Ʌɩɦɠɬɩ ɛ ³ ɨɣɡɨɷɩɜʀɤɨɠ ɜ ³ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɜʀɤɨɠ ɝ ³ ɝɠɫɰɨɷɩɜʀɤɨɠ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ9 ɇɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ʀ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ

ɐɩɧɮɭ

Ⱦɩɟɣɨɨɣɥɩɝɣɤ ɧɠɰɛɨʀɢɧ

ɳɣɹ ɟɠ ɮ ɥɩɨɺ ɨɛɤɫɩɢɝɣɨɮɭʀɳʀ ɭɛ ɨɛɤɝɣ ɭɫɣɝɛɦʀɳʀ ɧ·ɺɢɣ Ɉɛɬɭɮɪɨɣɤ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɤ ɝɣɨɛɰʀɟ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩ ɝʀɲɲɺ ɬɭɛɝ ɧɠɰɛɨʀɲɨɣɤ ɞɩɟɣɨɨɣɥ Ʉɩɞɩ ɝɣ ɨɛɰʀɟɨɣɥ ɨɠɝʀɟɩɧɣɤ Ƚɪɠɫɳɠ ɧɠɰɛɨʀɲɨɣɤ ɞɩɟɣɨɨɣɥ ɢɞɛɟɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɮ ɝʀɢɛɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɨɣ ɞɛɰ 9Ȳ ɬɭ ȿɠɺɥʀ ʀɬɭɩɫɣɥɣ ɪɫɣɪɣɬɮɹɭɷ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɣɨɛɰʀɟ Ɋɛɱɣɯʀɥɮɬɮ ɢ Ƚɠɫɩɨɣ ɪɩɲɛɭɩɥ Ȳɐ ɬɭ ʀɨɳʀ ³ ɧɩɨɛɰɮ Ⱦɠɫɜɠɫɭɮ ɺɥɣɤ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɬɭɛɝ Ɋɛɪɩɹ ɋɣɧɬɷɥɣɧ Ƚʀɨ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɝ ɜɛɥɠɨ ɨɣɤ ɞɩɟɣɨɨɣɥ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɇɛɞɟɠɜɮɫɞɛ ɝ ɫ Ɋɠɫɳɣɤ ɪɠɫɬɩɨɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɞɩɟɣɨɨɣɥ ©ɨɩ ȿɫɮɥɛɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɝɠɫɬɭɛɭ ɬɣɝª ɥʀɨɷ ɺɥɣɤ ɢɛɟɛɝɛɝ ɤɩɧɮ ɫɮɰ ɂɛ ɫɮɰɩɧ ɞɩɟɣɨɨɣɥɛ ɬɭɠɡɣɝ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɥɩɨɹɰ ɂɫɮɲɨʀ ʀ ɜɠɢɝʀɟɧɩɝɨʀ ɞɩɟɣɨɨɣɥɣ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɭɣɬɺ ɥɩɦɣ ɜɮɦɛ ɝɣɨɛɤɟɠɨɛ ɪɫɮɡɨɛ ɪɫɮɡɣɨɛ Ɍɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ʁʁ ɫɩɦɷ ɝɣɥɩɨɮɝɛɦɛ ɬɝɣɨɺɲɛ ɴɠɭɣɨɥɛ ɢɞɩɟɩɧ ɬɭɛɦɠɝɛ ɪɫɮɡɣɨɛ Ɉɛɤɫɠɝɩɦɹɱʀɤɨʀɳɣɧ ɝɣɨɛɰɩɟɩɧ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɬɭɛɝ ɟɫɮɥɛɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɝɠɫɬɭɛɭ Ȼɦɠ ɪɫɩ ɨɷɩɞɩ Ƚɣ ɟʀɢɨɛɾɭɠɬɺ ɪʀɢɨʀɳɠ Ʌɫʀɧ ɨɛɢɝɛɨɣɰ ɝɣɨɛɰɩɟʀɝ ɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɢɫɩɜɦɠɨʀ ɤ ʀɨɳʀ ɜɠɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɧɣ ɨɠ ɮɺɝɦɺɾɧɩ ɬɮɲɛɬɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɑɠ ³ ɬɥɦɺɨɠ ɟɢɠɫɥɛɦɩ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ² Ȳɭɛɦʀɺ ɪɛɪʀɫ ȲȲ ɬɭ ³ Ʌɣɭɛɤ ɐȲȲ ɬɭ ³ Ȳɬɪɛɨʀɺ ɨɩɡɣɱʀ ɐ ɬɭ ³ ɑɠɨɭɫɛɦɷɨɛ Ȱɝɫɩɪɛ ɭɛ ɩɥɮɦɺɫɣ ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ ³ Ȳɭɛɦʀɺ

X Ɂɚɩɪɨɩɨɧɭɣɬɟ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ əɤɿ ɫɢɥɢ ɜɨɧɨ ɦɨɝɥɨ ɡɚɦɿɧɢɬɢ" X ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ɜɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ" X əɤ ɜɩɥɢɧɭɥɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɹ ɧɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɸ ɤɨɥɨɧɿɡɚɰɿɸ ȯɜɪɨɩɢ" X ɓɨ ɫɩɨɧɭɤɚɥɨ ɥɸɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɨ ɜɢɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɹ ɝɨɞɢɧɧɢɤɚ" X ɑɨɦɭ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɿɧɰɿ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿɯ ɜɿɤɿɜ ɝɨɞɢɧɧɢɤ ɫɬɚɽ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɦ" X əɤ ɩɨɬɪɚɩɢɜ ɩɚɩɿɪ ɡ Ʉɢɬɚɸ ɜ ȯɜɪɨɩɭ" X ɑɨɦɭ ɛɚɬɶɤɿɜɳɢɧɚ ɫɤɥɹɧɢɯ ɞɡɟɪɤɚɥ ɿ ɨɤɭɥɹɪɿɜ ² ȱɬɚɥɿɹ"

² Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

Ʌɨɣɞɩɟɫɮɥɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ɏ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ɥɨɣɞɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɫʀɟɥʀɬɭɹ ɑɠ ɪɩɺɬɨɹɝɛɦɩɬɺ ɭɣɧ ɴɩ ɥɩɡɨɛ ɥɨɣɞɛ ɜɮɦɛ ɩɫɣɞʀɨɛɦɷɨɣɧ ɫɮɥɩɪɣɬɨɣɧ ɭɝɩ ɫɩɧ ɛ ɞɫɛɧɩɭɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɜɮɦɩ ɧɛɦɩ Ʌɨɣɞɣ ɪɣɬɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɬɪɠ ɱʀɛɦɷɨɩ ɩɜɫɩɜɦɠɨʀɤ ɭɠɦɺɲʀɤ ɲɣ ɩɝɠɲʀɤ ɳɥɮɫʀ ³ ɪɠɫɞɛɧɠɨɭʀ ɍɛɥɣɧɣ ɥɨɣɞɛɧɣ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɥɩɫɣɬɭɮɝɛɭɣɬɺ ɭɫɣɝɛɦɣɤ ɲɛɬ ɝɩɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɥɫɛɬɣɝɣɧɣ ɛɦɠ ɟɮɡɠ ɟɩɫɩɞɣɧɣ Ɉɠ ɧɠɨɳ ɟɩɫɩ ɞɩɹ ɜɮɦɛ ɤ ɩɜɥɦɛɟɣɨɥɛ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɥɨɣɞɣ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɛɦɣɬɺ ɧɛ ɦɹɨɥɛɧɣ ³ ɥɨɣɡɥɩɝɣɧɣ ɧʀɨʀɛɭɹɫɛɧɣ ɭɩɧɮ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɱʀɨɨʀ ɠɥɢɠɧɪɦɺɫɣ ɭɫɣɧɛɦɣ ɝ ɧɩɨɛɬɭɣɫɬɷɥɣɰ ɜʀɜɦʀɩɭɠɥɛɰ ɪʀɟ ɬɮɝɩ Ʉɩɞɛɨ ʉɮɭɠɨɜɠɫʊ ɫɣɧ ɥɩɨɭɫɩɦɠɧ ɂɫɩɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɥʀɦɷɥɩɬɭʀ ɞɫɛɧɩɭɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɪɛɪɠɫɮ ɢɮɧɩɝɣɦɩ ɢɜʀɦɷɳɠɨɨɺ ɪɩɪɣɭɮ ɨɛ ɥɨɣɞɣ ɭɛ ʁɰ ɢɟɠɳɠɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɂ·ɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɧɛɤɬɭɠɫɨʀ ɢ ɧɛɬɩɝɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɠ ɪɣɬɮ ɥɨɣɞ Ɏ ;,9²;9 ɬɭ ɱʀɥɛɝʀɬɭɷ ɟɩ ɪɣɬɛɨɩɞɩ ɭɠɥɬɭɮ ɢɨɛɲɨɩ ɢɫɩɬɦɛ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɟɩ Ɍɦɩɝɛ ȼɩɡɩɞɩ ɔɩɜ ɢɛɟɩ ɝɩɦɷɨɣɭɣ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɹɲɣɤ ɪɩɪɣɭ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩ ɜɮɦɩ ɪɫɣɟɮɧɛɭɣ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɥɨɣɞ Ɉɛ ɪɩɲɛɭɥɮ ;9 ɬɭ ɮ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɪɠɫɳʀ ɥɨɣɞɣ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɠɨʀ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩ ɞɩɹ ɝʀɟɜɣɭɥʀɝ ɝɣɫʀɢɛɨɣɰ ɨɛ ɟɩɴɠɲɥɛɰ ɭɠɥɬɭʀɝ Ɋɫɩɭɠ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɜɮɝ ɭɫɮɟɩɧʀɬɭɥɣɧ ʀ ɨɠ ɢɛɟɩɝɩɦɷɨɺɝ ɪɩɭɫɠɜ ɲɛɬɮ ɟɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɪɠɫɠɪɣɬɮɝɛɲʀ ɪɫɛɱɹɝɛɦɣ ɳɝɣɟɳɠ ɨʀɡ ɝɣɞɩɭɩɝɦɺɝɬɺ ɧɛɥɠɭ ɟɫɮɥɩɝɛɨɩʁ ɥɨɣɞɣ ȿɫɮɥɛɫɬɷɥɣɤ ɝɠɫɬɭɛɭ ȼɦɣɢɷɥɩ ɫ ɨʀɧɠɱɷɥɣɤ ɫɠɧʀɬɨɣɥ Ʉɩ ɞɛɨ ʉɮɭɠɨɜɠɫʊ ² ɝɣɨɛɤɳɩɝ ɬɪɩɬʀɜ ɥɨɣɞɩɟɫɮɥɮɝɛɨɨɺ Ȳɢ ɧɠɭɛɦɠɝɣɰ ɥɮɜɣɥʀɝ ɢ ɩɪɮɥɦɣ ɧɣ ɟɢɠɫɥɛɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɝʀɟɜɣɭɥɛɧɣ ɦʀɭɠɫ ɮ ɬɪɠɱʀɛɦɷɨɣɰ ɫɛɧɥɛɰ ɨɛɜɣɫɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɭɠɥɬɭ ɬɭɩɫʀɨɥɣ ɺɥɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɟɫɮɥɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɪɫɠɬɮ ɑɠɤ ɝɣɨɛɰʀɟ ɟɩ ɥɩɫʀɨɨɩ ɢɧʀɨɣɝ ɬɣɬɭɠɧɮ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɝɛɨɨɺ ʀɨɯɩɫɧɛɱʀʁ ɮɬɨɮ ɯɩɫɧɮ ɢɛɬɭɮɪɣɦɩ ɟɫɮɥɩɝɛɨɠ ɬɦɩɝɩ X ɏɬɨ ɛɭɜ ɜɢɧɚɯɿɞɧɢɤɨɦ ɤɧɢɝɨɞɪɭɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ"

Ȼɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɛ ɭɛ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɩ Ɏɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ;,²;9 ɬɭ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɩ ɢɨɛɦɩ ɟɝɛ ɩɬ ɨɩɝɨʀ ɰɮɟɩɡɨʀ ɬɭɣɦʀ ³ ɫɩɧɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ʀ ɞɩɭɣɲ ɨɣɤ Ɋɠɫɳɣɤ ɬɭɣɦɷ ³ ɫɩɧɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ³ ɪɛɨɮɝɛɝ ɮ ;,²;,, ɬɭ ɟɫɮɞɣɤ ³ ɞɩɭɣɲɨɣɤ ³ ɮ ;,,²;9 ɬɭ ɋɣɬɣ ɱɣɰ ɬɭɣɦʀɝ ɨɛɤɜʀɦɷɳ ɺɬɥɫɛɝɩ ɪɫɩɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɝ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫʀ ɢɛɧɥʀɝ ʀ ɱɠɫɥɩɝ

Ȼɜɜɛɭɬɭɝɩ ɇɛɫʀɺ Ɇɛɛɰ ɮ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨʀ ɫɩɧɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɭɣɦɷ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ9 ɇɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ʀ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ

Ȼɧ·ɾɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɩɜɩɫ ɞɩɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɬɭɣɦɷ

Ɍɩɜɩɫ ɝ ɋɠɤɧɬʀ ɞɩɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɬɭɣɦɷ

ɋɩɧɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɢɛɧɩɥ ³ ɪɩɧɠɳɥɛɨɨɺ ɭɛ ɩɜɩɫɩ ɨɨɛ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɛ ɯɠɩɟɛɦɛ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɧɛɬɣɝ ɨʀɬɭɹ ɯɩɫɧ ɺɥʀ ɨɛɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɤɩɧɮ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩʁ ɧɩ ɨɮɧɠɨɭɛɦɷɨɩɬɭʀ ɛ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɣɳɨʀ ɯɩɫɭɠɲɨʀ ɧɮɫɣ ɪɩɬɣɦɹɝɛɦɣ ɱɠ ɝɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ Ƚɣɞɦɺɟ ɢɛɧɥɮ ɞɩɝɩɫɣɝ ɪɫɩ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɤɩɞɩ ɝɩɦɩɟɛɫɺ ɋɩɧɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɩɜɩɫ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɪɫɣɭɛɧɛɨɨʀ ɭʀ ɬɛɧʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɧɛɝ ɮɭʀɦɹɝɛɭɣ ʀɟɠɹ ɝɠɦɣɲʀ ɤ ɧɩɞɮɭɨɩɬɭʀ ɱɠɫ ɥɝɣ Ƚ ɩɬɨɩɝɮ ɫɩɧɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɩɜɩɫɮ ɦʀɞ ɪɦɛɨ ɫɣɧ ɬɷɥɩʁ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɬɷɥɩʁ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥɩʁ ɜɮɟʀɝɦʀ ³ ɜɛɢɣɦʀɥɣ Ȳɢ ɪɠɫɳɣɰ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɫɩɧɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɣ ɪɩ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɪɣɭɛɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɠ ɪɠɫɠɥɫɣɭɭɺ ɜɮɟʀɝɦʀ ɑɠ ɭɠɰɨʀɲɨɩ ɬɥɦɛɟɨɠ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɜɮɦɩ ɝɣɫʀɳɠɨɩ ɢɝɠɟɠɨɨɺɧ ɨɛɪʀɝɥɫɮɞɦɩɞɩ ɬɥɦɠɪʀɨɨɺ ɮ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣ ɱɭɝʀ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɧɛɤɬɭɫɣ ɫɩɧɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɭɣɦɹ ɟɩɬɺɞɦɣ ɧɛɤɬɭɠɫɨɩɬɭʀ Ɋɫɣɥɦɛɟɩɧ ɫɩɧɛɨɬɷɥɩʁ ɜɮɟʀɝɦʀ ɧɩɡɠ ɬɦɮɞɮɝɛ ɭɣ Ƚɩɫɧɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɩɜɩɫ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨɛ ɢ ɧɛɬɣɝɨɣɧ ɥɛɧ·ɺɨɣɧ ɬɥɦɠɪʀɨɨɺɧ ɺɥɠ ɭɫɣɧɛɦɩɬɺ ɨɛ ɧɛɬɣɝ ɨɣɰ ɬɭʀɨɛɰ Ɉɠɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɬɰɩɡʀ ɨɛ ɜʀɤɨɣɱʀ ɝʀɥɨɛ ɪɫɩ ɜɣɭʀ ɝ ɭɩɝɬɭɣɰ ɬɭʀɨɛɰ ɞɩɫɣɢɩɨɭɛɦɷɨɣɤ ɪɩɟʀɦ ɬɭʀɨ ɨɛɪʀɝɥɫɮɞɦɣɧɣ ɛɫɥɛɧɣ ɪʀɟɥɫɠɬɦɹɹɭɷ ɞɫɛɨɟʀɩɢ ɨʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɬɮɝɩɫɮ ɧɩɨɮɧɠɨɭɛɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɣ Ɋɩɰɧɮ ɫɮ ɝɠɦɣɲ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɣ ɪɩɬɣɦɹɾ ɬɥɮɦɷɪɭɮɫɛ ɺɥɛ ɦɣɳɠ ɮɧɩɝɨɩ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɾ ɫɣɬɣ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ Ɏ ;,,²;9 ɬɭ ɮ ɂɛɰʀɟɨʀɤ Ȱɝɫɩɪʀ ɨɛɜɮɝɛɾ ɪɩ ɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɨɣɤ ɬɭɣɦɷ ɺɥɣɤ ɢɞɩ ɟɩɧ ɩɟɠɫɡɛɝ ɨɛɢɝɮ ɞɩɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɜɮɟʀɝɠɦɷ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɡɠɨɣɰ ɮ ɭɩɤ ɲɛɬ ʀ ɢɛɫɛɢ ɝɫɛɡɛɹɭɷ ɮɺɝɮ

ȿɮɩɧɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɩɜɩɫ ɝ ɇʀɦɛɨʀ ɞɩɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɬɭɣɦɷ

Ɍɩɜɩɫ ɮ Ƚɩɫɧɬʀ ɫɩɧɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɭɣɦɷ

² Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

ɬɩɜɩɫɣ ɝ ɋɠɤɧɬʀ ɭɛ Ȼɧ·ɾɨʀ Ɇɛɨʀ ɭɛ ȼɩɝɠ ɓɛɫɭɫʀ ɭɛ Ɋɛɫɣɡʀ ɏɮɨɟɛɧɠɨɭɣ ɱɣɰ ɜɮɟʀɝɠɦɷ ɢɛɥɦɛɟɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɞɦɣɜɣɨɮ ɟɩ ɧɠɭɫʀɝ ɛ ʁɰɨʀ ɝɠɡʀ ɢɟʀɤɧɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɝɣɬɩ ɭɮ ɪɩɝɠɫɰɩɝɩɞɩ ɜɮɟɣɨɥɮ ɑʀ ɝɠɦɣɲɨʀ ɬɩɜɩɫɣ ɝɧʀɴɮɝɛɦɣ ɧɛɤɡɠ ɝɬʀɰ ɡɣɭɠɦʀɝ ɭɩɞɩɲɛɬɨɣɰ ɧʀɬɭ ɉɬɨɩɝɨɣɧɣ ɩɢɨɛɥɛɧɣ ɨɩɝɩɞɩ ɬɭɣɦɹ ɜɮɦɣ ɭɩɨɥʀ ɬɭʀɨɣ ɝɣɬɩɥɛ ɬɭɫʀɧɥɛ ɛɫɥɩɝɛ ɬɭɠɦɺ ɝɠɦɣɥʀ ɝʀɥɨɛ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɳɠɨʀ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɩ ɝɣɧɣ ɝʀɭɫɛɡɛɧɣ Ɏɬɷɩɞɩ ɱɷɩɞɩ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɟɩɬɺɞɭɣ ɦɣɳɠ ɢɛɝɟɺɥɣ ɨɩɝʀɤ ɬɣɬɭɠɧʀ ɤ ɭɠɰɨʀɱʀ ɜɮɟʀɝɨɣɱ ɭɝɛ Ʌɩɨɬɭɫɮɥɱʀɺ ɬɪɣɫɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɛ ɨɠɬɮɲɣɤ ɥɛɫɥɛɬ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɡɠɨɣɤ ɪɩɢɛ ɬɭʀɨɛɧɣ ɬɩ ɜɩɫɮ ɴɩ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɣɦɩ ɜɮɟʀɝɠɦɷɨɣɥɛɧ ɬɪɩ ɫɮɟɡɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɩɜɩɫɣ ɨɠɜɛɲɠɨɩʁ ɝɣɬɩɭɣ ɑɠ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɩɹ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝʀɬɭɹ ɞɩɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɭɣɦɹ Ɋɩɺɝɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɰ ɝʀɥɩɨ ɟɛɦɛ ɪɩɳɭɩɝɰ ɟɩ ɫɩɢɥɝʀɭɮ ɝʀɭɫɛɡʀɝ ³ ɧɩɢɛʁɥɣ ɢ ɥɩɦɷɩ ɫɩɝɩɞɩ ɬɥɦɛ ɺɥɛ ɢɛ ɟɩɪɩɧɩɞɩɹ ɢɝ·ɺɢɩɥ ɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ɝɣɥɩɫɣɬɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɣ ɬɝɣɨɠɱɷ

ɢ·ɾɟɨɮɝɛɦɛɬɺ ɝ ɺɥɮɬɷ ɥɩɧɪɩɢɣɱʀɹ Ƚʀɭɫɛ ɡʀ ɝ ɥɛɭɩɦɣɱɷɥɣɰ ɰɫɛɧɛɰ ɝʀɟɭɝɩɫɹɝɛɦɣ ɜʀɜɦʀɤɨʀ ɬɹɡɠɭɣ Ɍɪɫɛɝɡɨʀɧ ɟɣɝɩɧ ɢɛɦɣ ɳɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɝʀɭɫɛɡʀ ɬɩɜɩɫɮ ɓɛɫɭɫɛ ɝɣɞɩ ɭɩɝɦɠɨʀ ɮ ;,,²;,,, ɬɭ ɔɠ ɩɟɨɣɧ ɝɛɡɦɣɝɣɧ ɠɦɠɧɠɨɭɩɧ ɞɩɭɣɲ ɨɩɞɩ ɬɭɣɦɹ ɾ ɬɥɮɦɷɪɭɮɫɛ ɺɥɛ ɨɛɲɠ ɩɬɪʀ ɝɮɾ ɨɛɪɩɝɨɹɾ ɬɪɩɫɮɟɮ ɫɮɰɩɧ Ɏ ɞɩɭɣɲ ɨɩɧɮ ɰɫɛɧʀ ɬɥɮɦɷɪɭɮɫɛ ɝʀɟʀɞɫɛɝɛɦɛ ɫɩɦɷ ɢ ɩɟɨɩɞɩ ɜɩɥɮ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫɨɩʁ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɬɣ ɛ ɢ ʀɨɳɩɞɩ ³ ɠɨɱɣɥɦɩɪɠɟʀʁ ɢɨɛɨɷ ʀ ɮɺɝɦɠɨɷ ɪɫɩ ɬɝʀɭ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ Ɋɩɫɺɟ ɢʀ ɬɥɮɦɷɪɭɮɫɛɧɣ ɬɝɺɭɣɰ ɺɨɞɩɦʀɝ Ȳɬɮɬɛ ɐɫɣ ɬɭɛ ȿʀɝɣ ɇɛɫʀʁ ɟɠɧɩɨʀɝ ɢ·ɺɝɣɦɣɬɺ ɬɥɮɦɷ ɪɭɮɫɣ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ȿɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɡ ɮɬʀ ɬɥɮɦɷɪɭɮɫɣ ɨɛɜɮɦɣ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɣɰ ɫɣɬ ɍɛɥ ɮ ɨɛɟɫɛɰ ɞɩɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɭɣɦɹ ɢɛɫɩɟɣɦɣɬɺ ɪɛ

ɐɫɛɧ ɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ ɜɮɝ ɱɠɨɭɫɩɧ ɡɣɭɭɺ Ɏ ɫɛɨɨɷɩ ɧɮ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲʀ ɰɫɛɧ ɪʀɟ ɲɛɬ ɝʀɤɨ ʀ ɨɛɜʀɞʀɝ ɟɛɝɛɝ ɪɫɣɰɣɬɭɩɥ ɟɦɺ ɨɛɝɥɩɦɣɳɨʀɰ ɧɠɳɥɛɨɱʀɝ ɜɮɝ ɫɺɭʀɝɨɣɥɩɧ ɟɦɺ ɪɠɫɠɬɦʀɟɮɝɛ ɨɣɰ Ȼɦɠ ɱɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɨɠ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɧ Ɏ ɪɠɫɳɮ ɲɠɫɞɮ ɰɫɛɧ ɜɮɝ ȼɩɡɣɧ ɟɩ ɧɩɧ Ȳ ɱɠɤ ɟʀɧ ɧɛɝ ɟɩɝɩɟɣɭɣ ɧɩ ɞɮɭɨʀɬɭɷ ȼɩɞɛ ɤɩɞɩ ɪɫɣɬɮɭɨʀɬɭɷ ɬɥɫʀɢɷ ɐɫɛɧɣ ɫɩɧɛɨɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɭɣ ɦɹ ɜɮɦɣ ɝɠɦɣɲɨɣɧɣ ɢ ɧɩɞɮɭɨʀɧɣ ɬɭʀɨɛɧɣ ɐɫɛɧ ɬɝɩʁɧ ɝɣɞɦɺɟɩɧ ɮɭɝɠɫɟɡɮɝɛɝ ɨɛɟʀʁ ɨɛ ɬɪɛɬʀɨɨɺ ʀ ɢɧʀɱɨɹɝɛɝ ɝʀɫɮ Ʌɫʀɧ ɭɩɞɩ ɰɫɛɧ ɟɦɺ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ ɺɥɛ ɪɠɫɠɝɛɡɨɩ ɜɮɦɛ ɨɠɞɫɛɧɩɭɨɩɹ ɜɮɝ ©ȼʀɜɦʀɾɹ ɝ ɥɛɧɠɨʀª ɏɫɠɬɥɣ ɧɩɢɛʁɥɣ ʀɥɩɨɣ ɬɥɮɦɷɪɭɮɫɣ ©ɪɠ ɫɠɪɩɝʀɟɛɦɣª ɩɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɪɩɦɩɡɠɨɨɺ ɝʀɫɣ ɢɧʀɬɭ Ɍɝɺɭɩɞɩ Ɋɣɬɷɧɛ ɂ ɪɩɺɝɩɹ ɞɩɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɬɩɜɩɫʀɝ ɬɮɭɷ ʀ ʁɰ ɪɫɣɢɨɛɲɠɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɢɧʀɨɣɦɩɬɺ ɛɦɠ ɭɠɪɠɫ ɞɩɦɩɝɨɣɧ ɪɩɬɦɛɨɨɺɧ ɝʀɫɮɹɲɣɧ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɧɣɦɩɬɠɫɟɺ ʀ ɪɫɩ ɴɠɨɨɺ Ƚɭʀɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɭɛɦɣ ɲɣɬɦɠɨɨʀ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ɬɭɫɛɡɟɛɹ ɲɩɞɩ ɐɫɣɬɭɛ ʀ ȼɩɞɩɧɛɭɠɫʀ Ȼ ɜɛɞɛ ɭɩ ɬɝʀɭɦɛ ɮ ɰɫɛɧʀ ɫɩɢɝʀɹɾ ɬɭɫɛɰ ɪɠɫɠɟ ȼɩɞɩɧ ȼɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɝɠɦɣɲɨɣɰ ɞɩɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɬɩɜɩɫʀɝ ɢɜʀɞɦɩɬɺ ɢ ɪɠɫʀɩɟɩɧ ɫɩɢɥɝʀ ɭɮ ɧʀɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ Ɉɠ ɥɩɡɨɠ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɧɩɞɦɩ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɣɭɣ ɬɩɜʀ ɢɜɮɟɮɝɛɭɣ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɰɫɛɧ ȼɮɟʀɝɨɣɱɭɝɩ ɰɫɛɧɮ ɢɞɮɫɭɩɝɮɝɛɦɩ ɧʀɬɷɥɮ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɮ ɫɩ ɜɣɦɩ ɤɩɞɩ ʁʁ ɬɣɧɝɩɦɩɧ ȼɩɞ ɨɠɧɩɝ ɜɣ ɬɭɛɝɛɝ ʁʁ ɪɩɥɫɩɝɣɭɠɦɠɧ Ʌɩɡɠɨ ɝʀɫɺɨɣɨ ɝɰɩɟɺɲɣ ɟɩ ɰɫɛɧɮ ɨɠ ɪɩɲɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɪɫɣɞɨʀɲɠɨɣɧ ɜɮɝ ɨɛɲɠ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɩɹ ȼɩɡɩɞɩ ȿɩɧɮ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ9 ɇɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ʀ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ

ɫɩɬɭɥɣ ɱʀɥɛɝɩɬɭʀ ɟɩ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɤ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɮ ɺɥɩɧɮ ɝɩɨɛ ɡɣɝɠ ɑɠɤ ʀɨɭɠɫɠɬ ɫɩɢɝɣɝɛɝɬɺ ɝɡɠ ɢɛ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨɩʁ ɠɪɩɰɣ ³ Ƚʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ X əɤɿ ɚɪɯɿɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɿ ɫɬɢɥɿ ɩɚɧɭɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ"

ɋɛɨɨʀɤ ɞɮɧɛɨʀɢɧ ʀ Ƚʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥʀɨɱʀ ɬɠɫɠɟɨʀɰ ɝʀɥʀɝ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɢɮɾɭɷɬɺ ɪʀɟɝɣ ɴɠɨɣɧ ʀɨɭɠɫɠɬɩɧ ɟɩ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɬɭʀ ɺɥɣɤ ɬɮɪɫɩɝɩɟɡɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɨɨɺɧ ɝʀɟɫɩɟɣɭɣ ɤ ɨɛɬɦʀɟɮɝɛɭɣ ʁʁ Ɍɛɧɠ ɭɩɧɮ ɨɩɝɮ ɠɪɩɰɮ ɴɩ ɪɩɲɛɦɛɬɺ ɨɛɢɝɛɦɣ Ƚʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺɧ ɛɜɩ ɋɠɨɠɬɛɨɬɩɧ ɐɩɲɛ ɨɛɬɪɫɛɝɟʀ ɱɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɨɠ ɝʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɛ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɨɩɝɩʁ ɥɮɦɷɭɮ ɫɣ ɺɥɛ ɪɩɾɟɨɛɦɛ ɝ ɬɩɜʀ ɠɦɠɧɠɨɭɣ ɟɝɩɰ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫ ³ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɩʁ ɭɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩʁ Ȳɢ ɐȲ9 ɬɭ ɳɛɨɮɝɛɦɷɨɣɥɣ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɩɬɭʀ ɬɪɣɫɛɹɲɣɬɷ ɨɛ ɢɟɩɜɮɭʀ ɢɨɛɨɨɺ ɝɝɛɡɛ ɦɣ ɴɩ ɪɠɫɳ ɢɛ ɝɬɠ ɪɩɭɫʀɜɨɩ ɪʀɢɨɛɭɣ ɦɹɟɣɨɮ ɍɣɰ ɰɭɩ ɝɣɝɲɛɝ ɦɹɟɣɨɮ ʀɢ ɥʀɨɱɺ ɐ9 ɬɭ ɪɩɲɛɦɣ ɨɛɢɣɝɛɭɣ ɞɮɧɛɨʀɬɭɛɧɣ Ɍɷɩɞɩɟɨʀ ɬɦɩɝɩɧ ©ɞɮɧɛɨʀɢɧª ɧɣ ɩɢɨɛɲɮɾɧɩ ɦɹɜɩɝ ɟɩ ɦɹɟɠɤ ʀ ɭɛɥɠ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɨɨɺ ɬɝʀɭɮ ɢɛ ɺɥɩɞɩ ɦɹɟɣɨɛ ɾ ɨɛɤɝɣɴɩɹ ɱʀɨɨʀɬɭɹ Ɉɛ ɪɫɩɭɣɝɛɞɮ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɣɧ ɲɠɬɨɩɭɛɧ ɞɮɧɛɨʀɬɭɣ ɝɣɫɩɜɣɦɣ ɝɦɛɬɨʀ ɲɠɬɨɩɭɣ ɨɛɤɝɛɡɦɣɝʀɳɣɧɣ ɢ ɺɥɣɰ ɪɫɩɞɩɦɩɳɮɝɛɦɣɬɺ ɞʀɟɨʀɬɭɷ ʀ ɟɩɜɦɠɬɭɷ Ɉɛ ɪɩɫɩɢʀ ɝɠɦɣɥɩʁ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ Ƚʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɬɭɩɺɝ ɝʀ ɟɩɧɣɤ ɪɩɠɭ ʀ ɯʀɦɩɬɩɯ ȿɛɨɭɠ Ȼɦʀɞ·ɾɫʀ ² Ƚʀɨ ɫɛɨɩ ɪɩɲɛɝ ɪɣɬɛɭɣ ɝʀɫɳʀ Ɏɬʀ ɝɩɨɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɪɫɣɬɝɺɲɠɨʀ ɩɟ ɨʀɤ ɟʀɝɲɣɨʀ ³ ȼɠɛɭɫʀɲɠ Ɉɛɤɝʀɟɩɧʀɳɣɤ ɭɝʀɫ ȿɛɨɭɠ ³ ©ȼɩɡɠɬɭɝɠɨɨɛ ɥɩɧɠɟʀɺª ɚɥɴɩ ȿɛɨɭɠ ɜɮɝ ɪɩɪɠɫɠɟɨɣɥɩɧ Ƚʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɭɩ ɪɠɫ ɳɩɹ ɦɹɟɣɨɩɹ Ƚʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɝɪɠɝɨɠɨɩ ɨɛɢɝɛɭɣ ɏɫɛɨɲɠɬɥɩ Ɋɠɭɫɛɫɥɮ ² Ɋɠɭɫɛɫɥɮ ɮɬɦɛɝɣ ɦɛ ©Ʌɨɣɞɛ ɪʀɬɠɨɷª ³ ɝʀɫɳʀɝ ɬɩɨɠɭʀɝ ɪɫɣɬɝɺɲɠɨɣɰ ɤɩɞɩ ɥɩɰɛɨʀɤ Ɇɛɮɫʀ ɂɛ ɬɝɩʁ ɪɩɠɭɣɲɨʀ ɢɟʀɜɨɩɬɭʀ Ɋɠɭɫɛɫɥɛ ɺɥ ɝ ɛɨɭɣɲɨʀ ɲɛɬɣ ɜɮɝ ɥɩɫɩɨɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɦɛɝɫɩɝɣɧ ɝʀɨɱɠɧ ɨɛ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɩɧɮ Ʌɛɪʀɭɩɦʀʁ Ɋɩɬɦʀɟɩɝɨɣɥɩɧ ʀ ɟɫɮɞɩɧ Ɋɠɭɫɛɫɥɣ ɜɮɝ ȿɡɩɝɛɨɨʀ ȼɩɥɥɛɲɲɩ ² Ƚʀɨ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɪɣɬɛɝ ɝʀɫɳʀ ɛɦɠ ɬɦɛ ȿɛɨɭɠ Ȼɦʀɞ·ɾɫʀ ɝɮ ȼɩɥɥɛɲɲɩ ɪɫɣɨʀɬ ɢɜʀɫɨɣɥ ɢʀ ɬɭɛ ɨɩɝɠɦ ©ȿɠɥɛɧɠɫɩɨª ɍɝɩɫɣ Ɋɠɭɫɛɫɥɣ ɭɛ ȼɩɥɥɛɲɲɩ ɜɮɦɣ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɨʀ ɡɣɝɩɹ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɩɹ ʀɭɛɦʀɤɬɷɥɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ ɑɣɧ ɝɩɨɣ ɟɩ ɝɠɦɣ ɴɩ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɩɹ ɧɩɝɩɹ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɪɣɬɛɭɣ ɝɣɟɛɭɨʀ ɭɝɩɫɣ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɝɛɭɣ ɝɠɬɷ ɬɪɠɥɭɫ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɲɮɭɭʀɝ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɭɝɩɫɱʀɝ ɨɩɝɩʁ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ ɜɮɦɣ ɤ ɰɮɟɩɡɨɣɥɣ Ƚɛɡɦɣɝɣɧ ȿɡɩɝɛɨɨʀ ȼɩɥɥɛɲɲɩ ɢɟɩɜɮɭɥɩɧ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɛ ɱʀɾʁ ɟɩɜɣ ɏɫɛɨɲɠɬɥɩ Ɋɠɭɫɛɫɥɛ

² Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

ɬɭɛɦɛ ɪɩɺɝɛ ɦʀɨʀɤɨɩʁ ɪɠɫɬɪɠɥɭɣɝɣ Ɍɠɫɠɟ ɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɰɮɟɩɡɨɣɥɣ ɢɛɝɡɟɣ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭɣɨɛɰ ɢɩɜɫɛɡɛɦɣ ɜʀɦɷɳ ɢɨɛɲɮɴʀ ɯʀɞɮɫɣ ɛɜɩ ɫɠɲʀ ɜʀɦɷɳɣɧɣ ɨɠɢɝɛɡɛɹɲɣ ɨɛ ɭɠ ɟɠ ɝɩɨɣ ɢɩ ɜɫɛɡɠɨʀ ɨɛ ɪɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɧɮ ɲɣ ɢɛɟɨɷɩɧɮ ɪɦɛ ɨʀ Ʌɛɫɭɣɨɣ ɝ ɦʀɨʀɤɨʀɤ ɪɠɫɬɪɠɥɭɣɝʀ ɢɩɜɫɛ ɡɛɹɭɷɬɺ ɭɛɥ ɺɥ ɬɪɫɣɤɧɛɾ ɬɝʀɭ ɦɹɟɬɷɥɠ ɩɥɩ ɪɫɠɟɧɠɭɣ ɨɛ ɪɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɧɮ ɪɦɛɨʀ ɜʀɦɷ ɳʀ ɨɛ ɢɛɟɨɷɩɧɮ ³ ɧɠɨɳʀ ɍɛɥɩɡ ɰɮɟɩɡ ɨɣɥ ɨɛɧɛɞɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɭɣ ʀɨɟɣɝʀɟɮɛɦɷɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ ɦɹɟɣɨɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫ ɓɝɣɟɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɳɣɫɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɜɮɝɛɹɭɷ ɥɛɫɭɣɨɣ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥɩ ɞɩ ɰɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɮ ɢ·ɺɝɦɺɾɭɷɬɺ ɭɛɥɣɤ ɨɩɝɣɤ ɡɛɨɫ ɺɥ ɪɩɫɭɫɠɭ ɚɥ ȿɛɨɭɠ ɝ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫʀ ɮ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝʀ ɨɩɝɮ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɮ ɢɛɪɩɲɛɭɥɮɝɛɝ ɯɦɩɫɠɨɭʀɾɱɷ ȿɡɩɭɭɩ ɟɠ ȼɩɨɟɩɨɠ ² Ƚʀɨ ɨɛɪɣɬɛɝ ɪɩɫɭɫɠɭɣ ʀɥɩɨɣ ɯɫɠɬɥɣ Ʉɩɞɩ ɪɠɫɳɩɹ ɝɠɦɣɥɩɹ ɫɩɜɩɭɩɹ ɜɮɦɛ ɯɫɠɬɥɛ ɪɫɣɬɝɺɲɠɨɛ ɡɣɭɭɹ Ɍɝɺɭɩɞɩ ɏɫɛɨɱɣɬɥɛ Ɉɛɤɝʀɟɩɧʀɳɩɹ ɫɩɜɩɭɩɹ ȿɡɩɭɭɩ ɜɮɝ ɫɩɢɪɣɬ ɱɠɫɥɝɣ ɝ Ɋɛɟɮʁ Ɉɛ ɯɫɠɬɥɛɰ ɝʀɨ ɢɩɜɫɛɢɣɝ Ȳɬɮɬɛ ȿʀɝɮ ɇɛɫʀɹ ɛɪɩɬɭɩɦʀɝ ɺɥ ɢɠɧɨɣɰ ɦɹɟɠɤ ³ ɫɩɢɮɧɨɣɧɣ ɲɠɬɨɣɧɣ ɥɫɛɬɣɝɣɧɣ ɭɝɠɫɟɣɧɣ ɟɮɰɩɧ ȳɰɨʀ ɩɜɦɣɲ ɲɺ ɪɠɫɠɟɛɝɛɦɣ ɦɹɟɬɷɥʀ ɪɩɲɮɭɭɺ ɤ ɪɠɫɠɡɣ ɝɛɨɨɺ Ɍɱɠɨɛ ©Ɋɩɱʀɦɮɨɩɥ Ȳɮɟɣª ɪɩɥɛɢɮɾ ɭɛɥɩɡ ɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɰɮɟɩɡɨɣɥɛ ɟɩ ɾɝɛɨɞɠɦɷ ɬɷɥɣɰ ɪɩɟʀɤ ȼɩɨɟɩɨɠ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ ɢɫɩɜɣɝ ɟɦɺ ɫʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɢɛ ɴɩ ɜɮɝ ɪɩɰɩɝɛɨɣɤ ɮ ɬɩ ɜɩɫʀ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɺɥ ɝɣɟɛɭɨɣɤ ɞɫɩɧɛɟɺɨɣɨ ɍʀɦɠɬɨʀɬɭɷ ɩɜ·ɾɧɨʀɬɭɷ ɯʀɞɮɫ ɦʀɨʀɤɨɛ ɪɠɫɬɪɠɥɭɣɝɛ ɝ ɪɩɝɨɩɧɮ ɩɜɬɺɢʀ ɝɪɠɫɳɠ ɢ·ɺ ɝɣɦɛɬɺ ɮ ɭɝɩɫɲɩɬɭʀ ɯɦɩɫɠɨɭʀɤɱɺ ɇɛɢɛɲ ɲɩ ² ɂɛ ɬɝɩɾ ɥɩɫɩɭɥɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɝʀɨ ɮɬɭɣɞ ɢɟɩɜɮɭɣ ɞɮɲɨɮ ɬɦɛɝɮ Ɉɛɤɝʀɟɩ ɧʀɳɩɹ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɬɱɠɨɛ ©Ƚɣɞɨɛɨɨɺ ɢ ɋɛɹª ɨɛ ɯɫɠɬɱʀ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɢ ɯɦɩɫɠɨɭʀɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɱɠɫɥɩɝ Ɏɬʀ ɨɛɬɭɮɪɨʀ ɰɮɟɩɡɨɣɥɣ Ƚʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɨɛɝɲɛɦɣɬɺ ɨɛ ɥɛɫɭɣɨɛɰ ȼɩɨɟɩɨɠ ɤ ɇɛ ɢɛɲɲɩ Ƚɠɫɳɣɨɩɹ ɋɛɨɨɷɩɞɩ Ƚʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨ

Ƚɩɬɥɫɠɬʀɨɨɺ Ɇɛɢɛɫɺ ɰɮɟ ȿɡɩɭɭɩ

ȿɦɺ ɬɝɩɞɩ ɭɝɩɫɮ ȿɛɨɭɠ ɩɜ ɫɛɝ ɯɩɫɧɮ ɝɣɟʀɨɨɺ ɮ ɭɠɧ ɨɩɧɮ ɦʀɬʀ ɝʀɨ ɫɛɪɭɩɝɩ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲɛɾ ɝɣɟɛɭɨɩɞɩ ɫɣɧɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɪɩɠɭɛ Ƚɠɫɞʀ ɦʀɺ ʀɢ ɺɥɣɧ ɝɣɫɮɳɛɾ ɝ ɪɩɟɩɫɩɡ ɟɩ ɪɩɭɩɤɜʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɝʀɭɮ Ȳɢ ɨɣɧ ɝʀɨ ɪɫɩɰɩɟɣɭɷ ɟɠɝ·ɺɭɷ ɥʀɦ Ɋɠɥɦɛ ɛ ɪɩɭʀɧ ɢ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɞɠɫɩɺɧɣ ³ ɒɣɬɭɣ ɦɣɴɠ ʀ ɋɛɤ Ɋɩɠɧɛ ɫɩɢɪɩɝʀɟɛɾ ɪɫɩ Ȳɭɛɦʀɹ ɏɦɩɫɠɨɱʀɹ ɪɛɪ ʀɧɪɠɫɛ ɭɩɫʀɝ ɧɩɨɛɰʀɝ ʀ ɬɝɺɭɣɰ ɛɨɭɣɲɨɣɰ ɪɩɦɥɩɝɩɟɱʀɝ ʀ ɧɮɟɫɠɱʀɝ ȳʁ ɞɩɦɩɝ ɨɣɤ ɞɠɫɩɤ ³ ɬɛɧ ȿɛɨɭɠ ʀ ɤɩɞɩ ɬɮ ɲɛɬɨɣɥɣ ɉɟɨɣɰ ɝʀɨ ɬɮɝɩɫɩ ɥɫɣɭɣ ɥɮɾ ʀɨɳɣɧɣ ɢɛɰɩɪɦɹɾɭɷɬɺ Ɏɬʀ ɥɩɞɩ ȿɛɨɭɠ ɢɮɬɭɫʀɲɛɾ ɝ ɪɩɭɩɤɜʀɲ ɨɩɧɮ ɬɝʀɭʀ ɪɫɩɟɩɝɡɮɹɭɷ ɪɠɫɠɡɣ ɝɛɭɣ ɪɫɣɬɭɫɛɬɭʀ ɢɠɧɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɞɨʀɝ ɞɩɫɟʀɬɭɷ ɪɫɠɢɣɫɬɭɝɩ Ɍɛɧɠ ɱɠ ɨɛɪɫɮɡɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɣɬɭɫɛɬɭɠɤ ɺɥɣ ɧɣ ɨɛɬɣɲɠɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɨɩɝɣɧ ɟɦɺ ɦʀɭɠɫɛɭɮɫɨɣɰ ɭɝɩɫʀɝ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ9 ɇɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ʀ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ

Ɍɛɨɟɫɩ ȼɩɭɭʀɲɠɦɦʀ

ɇɛɢɛɲɲɩ

Ɉɛɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ Ƚɠɨɠɫɣ ɰɮɟ ȼɩɭʀɲɠɦɦʀ

ɨɺ ɝ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝʀ ɝɝɛɡɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɡɣɝɩɪɣɬ Ɍɛɨɟɫɩ ȼɩɭɭʀɲɠɦɦʀ ²

Ʉɩɞɩ ɥɛɫɭɣɨɣ ©Ƚɠɬɨɛª ©Ɉɛɫɩɟɡɠɨ ɨɺ Ƚɠɨɠɫɣª ɪɠɫɠɟɛɹɭɷ ɫɩɢɮɧʀɨɨɺ ɧɣɭɱɺɧɣ Ƚʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɺɥ ɝɨɮɭɫʀɳ ɨɷɩʁ ɭɛɥ ʀ ɢɩɝɨʀɳɨɷɩʁ ɥɫɛɬɣ Ɋɫɣɨɱɣɪɣ Ƚʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɢɨɛɤ ɳɦɣ ɬɝɩɾ ɝʀɟɩɜɫɛɡɠɨɨɺ ʀ ɝ ɬɥɮɦɷ ɪɭɮɫʀ ɍɛɥ ɯɦɩɫɠɨɭʀɾɱɷ ȿɩɨɛɭɠɦ ɦɩ ɜɦɣɢ ² ɝʀɟɬɭɮɪɣɝɳɣ ɝʀɟ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɣɰ ɥɛɨɩɨʀɝ ɝʀɟɫɩ ɟɣɝ ɛɨɭɣɲɨʀ ɭɫɛɟɣɱʀʁ ɬɭɝɩɫɣɝɳɣ ɥɫɮɞɦɮ ɬɥɮɦɷɪɭɮɫɮ ɍɛɥɛ ɬɭɛɭɮɺ ɜɮɦɛ ɬɛɧɩɬɭʀɤɨɣɧ ɝɣɭɝɩɫɩɧ ɧɣɭɱɺ ɛ ɨɠ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɩɹ ɪɫɣɥɫɛɬɣ ɰɫɛɧɮ ȳʁ ɧɩɡɨɛ ɜɮɦɩ ɬɪɩɞɦɺɟɛɭɣ ɢ ɮɬʀɰ ɜɩ ɥʀɝ Ɉɛɤɝɣɟɛɭɨʀɳɣɧ ɭɝɩɫɩɧ ȿɩɨɛ ɭɠɦɦɩ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɬɥɮɦɷɪɭɮɫɛ ɜʀɜɦʀɤɨɩɞɩ ȿɛɝɣɟɛ Ɋɩɲɛɭɥɣ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɣ Ƚʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨ ɨɺ ɝ ɛɫɰʀɭɠɥɭɮɫʀ ɢɛɥɦɛɝ ɏʀɦʀɪɪɩ ȼɫɮɨɠɦɦɠɬɥʀ ² Ƚʀɨ ɫɩɢɫɩɜɣɝ ɢɛɥɩɨɣ ɦʀɨʀɤɨɩʁ ɪɠɫɬɪɠɥ ɭɣɝɣ ɭɛ ɫɩɢɝ·ɺɢɛɝ ɬɥɦɛɟɨʀ ʀɨɡɠ ɨɠɫɨʀ ɢɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɢʀ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɝɠ ɦɣɲɠɢɨɣɰ ɥɮɪɩɦʀɝ ɨɛɟ ɬɩɜɩɫɛɧɣ Ⱦɩɦɩɝɨɣɧ ɮ ɤɩɞɩ ɭɝɩɫɲɩɬɭʀ ɬɭɛɦɩ ɬɭɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɥɮɪɩɦɛ ɬɩɜɩɫɮ Ɍɛɨɭɛ ɇɛ ɫʀɺ ɟɠɦɷ ɏɤɩɫɠ ɮ ɏɦɩɫɠɨɱʀʁ Ʌɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ Ƚʀɟɫɩɟɡɠɨɨɺ ɢɧʀɨɣɦɛ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɠ ɮɺɝɦɠɨɨɺ ɪɫɩ ɬɝʀɭ ɢɠɧɨɠ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɦɹɟɣɨɮ ɭɛ ʁʁ ɲɠɬɨɩɭɣ Ɇɹɟɣɨɛ ɬɭɛɦɛ ɱɠɨɭɫɩɧ ɬɝʀɭɩɭɝɩ ɫɠɨɨɺ X ɇ ɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɜɢɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɿɜ Ɋɚɧɧɶɨɝɨ ȼɿɞɪɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ

Ɍɭɛɭɮɺ ȿɛɝɣɟɛ ɬɥɮɦɷɪɭɩɫ ȿɩɨɛɭɠɦɦɩ

Ƚɣɞɨɛɨɨɺ ɢ ɋɛɹ ɰɮɟ ɇɛɢɛɲɲɩ

² Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

Ɂɚɤɪɿɩɢɦɨ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ 1. əɤɿ ɜɢɬɨɤɢ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ" 2. Ʉɨɥɢ ɜɿɞɛɭɥɨɫɹ ɩɟɪɲɟ ɩɿɞɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ" 3. ɑɨɦɭ ɜ ȱɏ ɏȱ ɫɬ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɪɨɡɜɢɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɚ ɫɬɿɧɚɦɢ ɦɨɧɚɫɬɢɪɿɜ" 4. ɏɬɨ ɬɚɤɢɣ Ɏɨɦɚ Ⱥɤɜɿɧɫɶɤɢɣ ɿ ɹɤɢɣ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɧɟɫɨɤ ɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɭ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ" 5. əɤɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɩɨɪɭɲɭɜɚɥɚ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɚ ɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɿɹ" 6. ɑɨɦɭ ɜɢɧɢɤɥɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɚ ɜ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚɯ" 7. əɤɢɦ ɬɟɦɚɦ ɛɭɥɚ ɩɪɢɫɜɹɱɟɧɚ ɪɢɰɚɪɫɶɤɚ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ" 8. əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ ɦɚɥɚ ɦɿɫɶɤɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ" 9. ɓɨ ɬɚɤɟ ɝɟɪɨʀɱɧɢɣ ɟɩɨɫ" ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɢɯ ɝɟɪɨʀɜ ɟɩɿɱɧɢɯ ɬɜɨɪɿɜ 10. əɤ ɩɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɿ ɦɿɠ ɫɨɛɨɸ ɝɟɪɨʀɱɧɢɣ ɟɩɨɫ ɿ ɪɢɰɚɪɫɶɤɿ ɪɨɦɚɧɢ" 11. ɏɬɨ ɬɚɤɿ ɬɪɭɛɚɞɭɪɢ ɣ ɦɿɧɟɡɢɧɝɟɪɢ" 12. Ʉɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɥɢ ɠɨɧɝɥɟɪɚɦɢ" 13. əɤɨɸ ɛɭɥɚ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɬɜɨɪɿɜ ɟɩɨɯɢ ȼɿɞɪɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ" 14. ɍ ɱɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɥɚ ɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɧɚɯɨɞɭ Ƀ ʈɭɬɟɧɛɟɪʉɚ" 15. ɑɢɦ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɢ ɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɶ ɭ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ ɿ ɫɥɚɛɤɢɣ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɱɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ" 16. ɑɨɦɭ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ȼɿɞɪɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɧɢɤɥɚ ɫɚɦɟ ɜ ȱɬɚɥɿʀ" 17. ɋɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɩɨɪɿɜɧɹɥɶɧɭ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɸ ©Ⱥɪɯɿɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ ɋɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɱɹª ɐɛɫɛɥɭɠɫɣɬɭɣɥɛ

ɋɩɧɛɨɬɷɥɣɤ ɬɭɣɦɷ

Ⱦɩɭɣɲɨɣɤ ɬɭɣɦɷ

Ɋɠɫʀɩɟ ɉɬɨɩɝɨʀ ɫɣɬɣ Ƚɣɟɛɭɨʀ ɪɛɧ·ɺɭɥɣ 18. əɤɿ ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɜ ɯɪɚɦ ɭ ɠɢɬɬɿ ɦɿɫɬɚ ɫɟɥɚ" 19. ɑɢɦ ɛɭɜ ɡɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞ ɜɿɞ ɪɨɦɚɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɝɨɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɥɸ ɜ ɚɪɯɿɬɟɤɬɭɪɿ" 20. ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɢɫɬɟɰɬɜɚ ȼɿɞɪɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɫɬɟɰɬɜɚ ɊɋȻɅɍɃɒɈɀ ɂȻɈɚɍɍɚ Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨʀ ɳɥɩɦɣ ɭɛ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭɣ Ɂɣɭɭɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɭɮɟɠɨɭɛ ɇɠɭɛ Ƚɣɢɨɛɲɣɭɣ ɫɩɦɷ ɳɥʀɦ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭʀɝ ɮ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɂɛɰɩɟɮ ɺɥɣɧ ɜɮɦɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɩɞɩ ɬɭɮɟɠɨɭɛ ɐʀɟ ɫɩɜɩɭɣ ɉɢɨɛɤɩɧɣɭɣɬɺ ɢ ɪɫɠɟɬɭɛɝɦɠɨɣɧɣ ɧɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɛɧɣ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ9 ɇɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ʀ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ

ɉɜɞɩɝɩɫɠɨɨɺ ɥɫɛɴɣɰ ɪɫɠɢɠɨɭɛɱʀɤ ɬɦɛɤɟʀɝ ɪɫɩ ɳɥɩɦɣ ɮ ɬɠ ɫɠɟɨʀ ɝʀɥɣ

ɒɤɨɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɧɚɫɬɢɪɿ

ɍɪɨɤ ɦɿɧɿɚɬɸɪɚ ;,9 ɫɬ

ɋɩɜɩɭɛ ɢ ɟɩɥɮɧɠɨɭɩɧ Ȳɢ ɪɩɬɭɛɨɩɝɣ ɪɛɪɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɦɠɞɛɭɛ ɪɫɩ ɬɭɮɟɠɨɭʀɝ ʀ ɧɛɞʀɬɭɫʀɝ ɪɛɫɣɢɷɥɩʁ ɳɥɩɦɣ ɫ

ɐɛɤ ɨʀɰɭɩ ɨɠ ɲɣɭɛɾ ɦɠɥɱʀɤ ɢ ɝʀɦɷɨɣɰ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝ ɺɥɴɩ ɨɠ ɟɩɬɺɞ ɟɝɛɟɱɺɭɣ ɩɟ ɨɩɞɩ ɫɩɥɮ ʀ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɬɦɮɰɛɝ ɪɫɣɨɛɤɧɨʀ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɳɠɬɭɣ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɝɬʀɰ ɩɬɨɩɝɨɣɰ ɥɨɣɞ Ɉɠɰɛɤ ɥɩɡɠɨ ɩɜʀɱɺɾ ɴɩ ɜɮɟɠ ɝɲɣɭɣ ɨɛɤɧɠɨɳɠ ɪɫɩɭɺɞɩɧ ɟɝɩɰ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɺɥɴɩ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɨɠ ɢɛɝɛɟɣɭɷ ɬɠɫɤɩɢɨɛ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɛ ɪɫɩ ɴɩ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɝɣɨɠɨ ɢɛɺɝɣɭɣ ɪɮ ɜɦʀɲɨɩ ɛɜɩ ɪɠɫɠɟ ɠɥɢɛɧɠɨɛɭɩɫɩɧ Ȳ ɝʀɨ ɨɠ ɪɩɝɣɨɠɨ ɢɛɪɦɺɧɮɝɛɭɣ ɬɠɜɠ ɨʀɺɥɣɧ ɜɠɢɲɠɬɨɣɧ ɝɲɣɨɥɩɧ Ʌɩɦɣ ɰɭɩ ɨɠɜɮɟɷ ɪʀɟɞɩɭɮɝɛɝɬɺ ɟɩ ɭɩɞɩ ɴɩɜ ɝɲɣɭɣ ɝʀɨ ɪɩɝɣɨɠɨ ɠɥɢɛɧɠɨɮɝɛ ɭɣɬɺ ɢɞʀɟɨɩ ɢ ɯɩɫɧɩɹ ɺɥɛ ɧʀɬɭɣɭɷɬɺ ɝ ɫʀɳɠɨɨʀ ɾɪɣɬɥɩɪɛ Ɋɛɫɣɡɛ

² Ɍɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɨɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ ɂɛɰʀɟɨɩʁ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ

ɍʀ ɰɭɩ ɬɥɦɛɦɣ ʀɬɪɣɭ ɪɩɝɣɨɨʀ ɝɣɥɦɛɟɛɭɣ ɮ ɢɝɣɲɛɤɨɣɰ ɳɥɩɦɛɰ ɥɨɣɞɣ Ȼɫɣɬ ɭɩɭɠɦɺ ɢɛ ɬɭɛɫɩɹ ɭɛ ɨɩɝɩɹ ɟʀɛɦɠɥɭɣɥɩɹ Ɉʀɰɭɩ ɨɠ ɪɩɝɣɨɠɨ ɲɣɭɛɭɣ ɪɩ ɥɨɣ ɞɛɰ Ȼɫɣɬɭɩɭɠɦɺ ©ɇɠɭɛɯʀɢɣɥɛª ʀ ɢ ɯʀɦɩɬɩɯʀʁ ɪɫɣɫɩɟɣ ɛɜɩ ɲɣɭɛɭɣ ©Ɍɮɧɣ ª ɢɛ ɱɣɧɣ ɥɨɣɞɛɧɣ Ɉʀɰɭɩ ɨɠ ɪɩɝɣɨɠɨ ɝɦɛɳɭɩɝɮɝɛɭɣ ɞɮɦɺɨɩɥ ɨɛ ɢɜɩɫɛɰ ɧɛɞʀɬɭɫʀɝ ʀ ɟɣɬɪɮɭɛɰ ɰɦɩɪɲɣɥʀɝ ɭɛ ɹɨɛɥʀɝ Ȼɦɠ ɥɩɡɠɨ ɧɩɡɠ ɢɛɪɫɩɳɮɝɛɭɣ ɟɩ ɬɠɜɠ ɟɫɮɢʀɝ ʀ ɭɩɝɛɫɣ ɳʀɝ ɭɛɥ ɴɩɜ ʁɰ ɨɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɟɮɡɠ ɜɛɞɛɭɩ Ɋʀɟɨɩɳɠɨɨɺ ɩɟɺɞɮ ɛɜɩ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɫɠɲɠɤ ɺɥ ɱɠ ɪɩɝɠɦɩɬɺ ɛɜɩ ɨɛɝʀɭɷ ɜʀɦɷɳɠ ɧɣ ɝɬʀɦɺɥɩ ɢɛɩɰɩɲɮɾɧɩ ɩɬɩɜɦɣɝɩ ɴɩɟɩ ɜʀɟɨɣɰ Ɉʀɰɭɩ ɢ ɧɛɞʀɬɭɫʀɝ ɺɥʀ ɝɣɝɲɛɹɭɷ ɝʀɦɷɨʀ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝɛ ɨɠ ɪɩɝɣɨɠɨ ɧɛɭɣ ɜʀɦɷ ɳɠ ɩɟɨʀɾʁ ɧɛɨɭʀʁ ɲɩɫɨɩɞɩ ɥɩɦɷɩɫɮ ɟɩ ɪ·ɺɭ Ɉʀɰɭɩ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɠ ɨɩɬɣɭɣ ɪʀɟ ɧɛɨ ɭʀɾɹ ɭɮɯɦʀ ɢ ɩɢɟɩɜɦɠɨɨɺɧ ɛɜɩ ɝɣɟɩɝɡɠɨɣɧɣ ɨɩɬɥɛɧɣ ɚɥɴɩ ɪɩɧɫɠ ɧɛɞʀɬɭɫ ɧɣɬɭɠɱɭɝ ɛɜɩ ɜɩɞɩɬɦɩɝ·ɺ ɝɬɠ ɧɛɞʀɬɭɫɣ ɪɩɝɣɨɨʀ ɨɠ ɬɪɛ ɭɣ ɝɬɹ ɨʀɲ Ʌɩɡɠɨ ɢ ɨɣɰ ɬɛɧ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɩ ɲɣɭɛɾ Ɋɬɛɦɭɣɫ ɛɜɩ ɢɛɜɠɢɪɠɲɮɾ ʀɨɳɣɧ ɬɪɩɬɩɜɩɧ ɤɩɞɩ ɲɣɭɛɨɨɺ Ʌɩɡɠɨ ɪɩɝɣɨɠɨ ɜɮɭɣ ɪɫɣɬɮɭɨʀɧ ɝ ɱɠɫɥɝʀ ɟɠ ɟɩ ɪʀɝɨɩɲʀ ɛɜɩ ɜʀɦɷɳɮ ɲɛɬɭɣɨɮ ɨɩɲʀ ɤɟɠ ɬɦɮɡɜɛ ɺɥɴɩ ɭʀɦɷɥɣ ɱɷɩɧɮ ɨɠ ɢɛɝɛɟɣɭɷ ɬɠɫɤɩɢɨɛ ɪɫɣɲɣɨɛ Ɏ ɟɠɨɷ ɪɩɰɩɝɛɨɨɺ ɨɠ ɪɩɝɣɨɨɩ ɜɮɭɣ ɦɠɥɱʀɤ ʀ ɟɣɬɪɮɭʀɝ Ʌɩɡɠɨ ɧɛɞʀɬɭɫ ɪɩɝɣɨɠɨ ɧɛɭɣ ɪɫɛɝɩ ɬɮɟɮ ɴɩɟɩ ɬɝɩʁɰ ɮɲɨʀɝ Ɉʀɰɭɩ ɨɠ ɩɭɫɣɧɮɾ ɟɩɢɝɩɦɮ ɝɲɣɭɣ ɝʀɟ ɥɛɨɱɦɠɫɛ ɛɜɩ ʀɨɳɩʁ ɩɬɩɜɣ ɢɛ ɞɫɩɳʀ ɛɜɩ ɳɦɺɰɩɧ ɩɜʀɱɺɨɥɣ ɛɜɩ ɳɦɺɰɩɧ ɜɮɟɷ ɺɥɩʁ ʀɨɳɩʁ ɮɞɩɟɣ ɔɩɟɩ ɜɩɞɩɬɦɩɝʀɝ ɧɣ ɨɛɥɛɢɮɾɧɩ ɴɩ ɨʀɰɭɩ ɝ Ɋɛɫɣɡʀ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɠ ɨɛɝɲɛɭɣ ɜɩɞɩ ɬɦɩɝ·ɺ ɺɥɴɩ ɝʀɨ ɨɠ ɟɩɬɺɞ ɭɫɣɟɱɺɭɣ ɪ·ɺɭɣ ɫɩɥʀɝ ɨɠ ɨɛɝɲɛɝɬɺ ɮɪɫɩɟɩɝɡ ɝɩɬɷɧɣ ɫɩɥʀɝ ʀ ɨɠ ɪɫɩɬɦɮɰɛɝ ɮɬʀɰ ɨɠɩɜɰʀɟɨɣɰ ɥɨɣɞ Ɉʀɰɭɩ ɨɠ ɟɩɪɮɬɥɛɾɭɷɬɺ ɝ Ɋɛɫɣɡʀ ɟɩ ɨɛɝɲɛɨɨɺ ɛɜɩ ɟɩ ɝɣɬɭɮɪʀɝ ɢ ɪɫɩɪɩɝʀɟɟɹ ɺɥɴɩ ɨɠ ɾ ɦɹɟɣɨɩɹ ɞʀɟɨɩɞɩ ɡɣɭɭɺ ʀ ɟɩɬɣɭɷ ɩɜʀɢɨɛɨɣɧ ɮ ɬɝɩʁɤ ɨɛɮɱʀ Ɉʀɰɭɩ ɝ Ɋɛɫɣɡʀ ɨɠ ɧɩɡɠ ɝɝɛɡɛɭɣɬɺ ɬɭɮɟɠɨɭɩɧ ɺɥɴɩ ɝʀɨ ɨɠ ɧɛɾ ɪɠɝɨɩɞɩ ɝɲɣɭɠɦɺ

Ɋɩɺɬɨʀɭɷ ɲɩɧɮ ɬɛɧɠ ɪɛɪɬɷɥɣɤ ɦɠɞɛɭ ɫɠɞɦɛɧɠɨɭɮɾ ɟʀɺɦɷɨʀɬɭɷ Ɋɛɫɣɢɷɥɩ ɞɩ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭɮ

ɚɥʀ ɬɭɩɫɩɨɣ ɡɣɭɭɺ ɬɭɮɟɠɨɭʀɝ ɫɠɞɦɛɧɠɨɭɮɾ ɦɠɞɛɭ"

ɒɣɧ ɱɠ ɜɮɦɩ ɢɮɧɩɝɦɠɨɩ"

Ƚɣɬɦɩɝʀɭɷ ɪɫɣɪɮɴɠɨɨɺ ɺɥʀ ɪɩɫɮɳɠɨɨɺ ɝɲɣɨɺɦɣ ɬɭɮɟɠɨɭɣ" ȿɩɪɩɝɨʀɭɷ ɭɠɥɬɭ ɟɠɥʀɦɷɥɩɧɛ ɫɠɲɠɨɨɺɧɣ Ɍɣɬɭɠɧɛ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭɬɷɥɩʁ ɩɬɝʀɭɣ ɬɪɫɛɝɣɦɛ ɝɠɦɣɥɣɤ ɝɪɦɣɝ ɨɛ ɯɩɫɧɮɝɛɨɨɺ ɢɛ ɰʀɟɨɩɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩʁ ɱɣɝʀɦʀɢɛɱʀʁ Ɏɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭɣ ɬɪɫɣɺɦɣ ɫɩɢɝɣɭɥɮ ɨɛɮɥɩɝɩʁ ɟɮɧɥɣ ɬɛɧɩɬɝʀɟɩɧɩɬɭʀ ɭɛ ɢɫɩɬɭɛɨɨɺ ɮɭɝɠɫɟɡɠɨɨɹ ɬɝɩɜɩɟɣ ɩɬɩɜɣɬɭɩɬɭʀ ɇɛɞʀɬɭɫɣ ʀ ɬɭɮ ɟɠɨɭɣ ɪɠɫɠʁɡɟɡɛɹɲɣ ɢ ɧʀɬɭɛ ɝ ɧʀɬɭɩ ɢ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭɮ ɝ ɮɨʀɝɠɫɬɣɭɠɭ ɭɣɧ ɬɛɧɣɧ ɢɟʀɤɬɨɹɝɛɦɣ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨɣɤ ɩɜɧʀɨ ɧʀɡ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɧɣ Ɋɫɩ ɨɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨʀ ɨɛɟɜɛɨɨɺ ɝʀɟɫɛɢɮ ɡ ɬɭɛɝɛɦɩ ɝʀɟɩɧɩ ʀ ɝ ʀɨɳɣɰ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɣɰ ɥɫɛʁɨɛɰ Ɉɛɪɫɣɥɦɛɟ ɭɝʀɫ ©ȿɠɥɛɧɠɫɩɨª ʀɭɛɦʀɤɱɺ ȿɡɛɝɛɨɨʀ ȼɩɥɛɲɲɩ ² ɜɮɦɩ ɳɝɣɟɥɩ ɪɠɫɠɥɦɛɟɠɨɩ ɮɬʀɧɛ ɧɩɝɛɧɣ Ȱɝɫɩɪɣ ɤɩɞɩ ɲɣɭɛɦɣ ʀ ɢɨɛɦɣ ɬɥɫʀɢɷ Ɋʀɟɜɣɭɣ ɪʀɟɬɮɧɥɣ ɮɫɩɥɮ ɝɣɰɩɟɺɲɣ ɢ ɤɩɞɩ ɧɠɭɣ

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ9 ɇɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ʀ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ

Ɂɚɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɭɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɟɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɬɟɦɨɸ ©Ɇɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɿ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɢɣ ɫɜɿɬ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɋɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɱɹª

1. əɤɢɦɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢ ɬɚ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ȯɜɪɨɩɢ" 2. ȼɢɡɧɚɱɬɟ ɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɭ ɩɨɫɥɿɞɨɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɤɥɸɱɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɞɿɣ ɿɫɬɨɪɿʀ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɭ ȯɜɪɨɩɿ 3. ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɿ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɿɜ ©ɽɪɟɬɢɤª ©ɿɧɤɜɿɡɢɰɿɹª ©ȼɿɞɪɨɞɠɟɧɧɹª ©ɝɭɦɚɧɿɡɦª ©ɬɟɨɥɨɝɿɹª ©ɫɯɨɥɚɫɬɢɤɚª ©ɚɥɯɿɦɿɹª 4. ɋɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɢɛɿɪ Ⱥɥɤɭʀɧ Ⱥɛɟɥɹɪ Ɏɨɦɚ Ⱥɤɜɿɧɫɶɤɢɣ Ⱦɚɧɬɟ ʈɭɬɟɧɛɟɪʉ ɉɟɬɪɚɪɤɚ Ȼɨɬɬɿɱɟɥɥɿ Ȼɨɤɤɚɱɱɨ 5. ɇɚɜɟɞɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ ɦɨɝɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɭ ɏȱȱ±ɏȱȱȱ ɫɬ 6. ȼɢɤɨɧɚɣɬɟ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɸ ɤɚɪɬɨɸ ɉɪɨɜɟɞɿɬɶ ɦɟɠɭ ɩɨɞɿɥɭ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɫɜɿɬɭ ɦɿɠ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɚɦɢ ɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɧɢɦɢ ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɡɟɦɥɿ ɡɚ ɹɤɿ ɜɟɥɚɫɹ ɛɨɪɨɬɶɛɚ ɦɿɠ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ əɤɿ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɢ ȯɜɪɨɩɢ ɛɭɥɢ ɜɪɚɠɟɧɿ ɦɚɫɨɜɢɦɢ ɽɪɟɬɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɪɭɯɚɦɢ 7. ɋɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɧɢɣ ɨɩɢɫ ɨɞɧɿɽʀ ɡ ɩɚɦ¶ɹɬɨɤ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ 8. Ɂɚɩɨɜɧɿɬɶ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɸ ©Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɋɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɱɹª Ƚɚɥɭɡɶ Ɉɫɜɿɬɚ Ʌɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɞɨɫɹɝɧɟɧɧɹ

ɥɿɬɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ Ⱥɪɯɿɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ Ɇɢɫɬɟɰɬɜɨ 9. Ɇɿɠ ɋɯɿɞɧɨɸ ɬɚ Ɂɚɯɿɞɧɨɸ ɰɟɪɤɜɚɦɢ ɿɡ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɥɢ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɑɨɦɭ ɡ ɱɚɫɨɦ ɜɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɭɜɚɥɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɿ ɜ ɪ ɩɪɢɡɜɟɥɢ ɞɨ ɪɨɡɤɨɥɭ" 10. ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɧɚɜɿɳɨ ɉɚɩɿ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɛɭɥɚ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɚ ɜɥɚɫɧɚ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɚ ɹɤɳɨ ɜɿɧ ɿ ɬɚɤ ɛɭɜ ɝɥɚɜɨɸ ɜɫɿɯ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɤɿɜ 11. ɉɨɹɫɧɿɬɶ ɱɨɦɭ ɤɨɥɨɧɢ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɦɭ ɜ Ⱥɚɯɟɧɿ ɹɤɢɣ ɛɭɞɭɜɚɜɫɹ ɡɚ ɱɚɫɿɜ Ʉɚɪɥɚ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɞɨɜɟɥɨɫɹ ɜɟɡɬɢ ɡ ȱɬɚɥɿʀ

221

ɂɛɝɟɛɨɨɺ ɟɦɺ ɭɠɧɛɭɣɲɨɩɞɩ ɩɱʀɨɹɝɛɨɨɺ

Çàâäàííÿ äëÿ òåìàòè÷íîãî îö³íþâàííÿ 1.

ɇɚɡɜɿɬɶ ɪɟɝɿɨɧ ɹɤɢɣ ɫɬɚɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɤɚɬɚɪɫɶɤɨʀ ɽɪɟɫɿ Ȼ Ɋʀɝɨʀɲɨɛ Ɉʀɧɠɲɲɣɨɛ Ƚ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ ɏɫɛɨɱʀɺ

2.

ȼɥɚɞɚ ɉɚɩɢ Ɋɢɦɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɫɹɝɧɭɥɚ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɢ ɫɜɨɽʀ ɦɨɝɭɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ Ȼ 9²Ȳɐ ɬɭ

Ƚ ɐȲȲ²ɐȲȲȲ ɬɭ

3.

ȼ ɐ²ɐȲȲ ɬɭ Ⱦ ɐȲ9²ɐ9 ɬɭ

əɤɨɸ ɦɨɜɨɸ ɜɟɥɨɫɹ ɛɨɝɨɫɥɭɠɿɧɧɹ ɭ ɤɚɬɨɥɢɰɶɤɢɯ ɯɪɚɦɚɯ" Ȼ ɬɭɛɫɩɞɫɠɱɷɥɩɹ

Ƚ ɨɛɱʀɩɨɛɦɷɨɣɧɣ ɧɩɝɛɧɣ

4.

ȼ Ɍɰʀɟɨɛ Ȼɨɞɦʀɺ Ⱦ Ɋʀɝɟɠɨɨɛ Ȳɭɛɦʀɺ

ȼ ɦɛɭɣɨɩɹ Ⱦ ɛɫɛɜɬɷɥɩɹ

Ɂɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɢɧɚɯɿɞ ɩɨɜ¶ɹɡɭɸɬɶ ɡ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ Ȼ Ɋ·ɾɫɛ Ȼɜɠɦɺɫɛ ȼ ɋɩɟɡɠɫɛ ȼɠɥɩɨɛ Ƚ Ʉɩɞɛɨɛ ʉɮɭɠɨɜɠɫɞɛ Ⱦ Ɇɠɝɛ ɇɛɭɠɧɛɭɣɥɛ

5.

ɇɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɧɚ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ ɭ Ɂɚɯɿɞɧɿɣ ȯɜɪɨɩɢ ɦɚɥɚ Ȼ ɰɫɣɬɭɣɺɨɬɷɥɛ ɱɠɫɥɝɛ ȼ ɬɝʀɭɬɷɥɛ ɝɦɛɟɛ Ƚ ɨɛɫɩɟɨɛ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɛ Ⱦ ɥɮɦɷɭɮɫɨʀ ɝɪɦɣɝɣ ɢʀ Ɍɰɩɟɮ

6.

ȼɿɞɪɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɚɧɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ ɩɪɢ ɞɜɨɪɿ ɮɪɚɧɤɫɶɤɢɯ ɤɨɪɨɥɿɜ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɸɬɶ Ȼ ɧɠɫɩɝʀɨɢɷɥɣɧ Ƚ ɥɛɪɠɭɣɨɢɷɥɣɧ

7.

ȼ ɥɛɫɩɦʀɨɢɷɥɣɧ Ⱦ ɝɠɦɷɯɬɷɥɣɧ

ɉɨɲɭɤɚɦɢ ©ɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɦɟɧɸª ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿ ɜɿɤɢ ɡɚɣɦɚɥɢɫɹ Ȼ ɛɦɰʀɧʀɥɣ Ƚ ɬɰɩɦɛɬɭɣ

8.

ȼ ʀɨɥɝʀɢɣɭɩɫɣ Ⱦ ɡɩɨɞɦɠɫɣ

Ɇɚɧɞɪɿɜɧɢɯ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɿɜ ɲɤɨɥɹɪɿɜ ɹɤɿ ɛɥɭɤɚɥɢ ȯɜɪɨɩɨɸ ɜ ɩɨɲɭɤɚɯ ɡɧɚɧɶ ɿ ɫɬɜɨɪɢɥɢ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɣ ɲɚɪ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɨʀ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ ɧɚɡɢɜɚɥɢ Ȼ ɭɫɮɜɛɟɮɫɛɧɣ Ƚ ɝɛɞɛɨɭɛɧɣ

ȼ ɧʀɨɠɢɣɨʊɠɫɛɧɣ Ⱦ ɬɥɛɦɷɟɛɧɣ

222

ɋɩɢɟʀɦ Ȳ9 ɇɛɭɠɫʀɛɦɷɨɣɤ ʀ ɟɮɰɩɝɨɣɤ ɬɝʀɭ ɾɝɫɩɪɠɤɬɷɥɩɞɩ ɬɠɫɠɟɨɷɩɝʀɲɲɺ

9.

ɋɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɿɱɧɚ ɮɿɥɨɫɨɮɿɹ ɹɤɚ ɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ ɡɚ ɦɟɬɭ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ ɨɛʉɪɭɧɬɭɜɚɬɢ ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɢɣ ɫɜɿɬɨɝɥɹɞ ɦɚɥɚ ɧɚɡɜɭ« Ȼ ɛɦɰʀɧʀɺ

Ƚ ɬɰɩɦɛɬɭɣɥɛ

ȼ ʀɨɝɠɬɭɣɭɮɫɛ Ⱦ ʀɨɟɮɦɷɞɠɨɱʀɺ

10. əɤɢɣ ɿɡ ɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɯ ɯɪɚɦɿɜ ɡɛɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɝɨɬɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɢɥɿ"

Ȼ

ȼ

Ƚ

Ⱦ

11. Ƚɨɥɨɜɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɤɪɚɫɚɦɢ ɝɨɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɯɪɚɦɿɜ ɛɭɥɢ« Ȼ ɝʀɭɫɛɡʀ ʀ ɬɥɮɦɷɪɭɮɫɣ Ƚ ʀɥɩɨɣ ʀ ɯɫɠɬɥɣ

ȼ ɥɛɫɭɣɨɣ ɭɛ ʀɟɩɦɣ Ⱦ ɩɫɨɛɧɠɨɭɣ ʀ ɝ·ɺɢɷ

12. Ɂɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɭ ɪɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿɸ ɞɨɰɿɥɶɧɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɬɢ ɹɤ ɿɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ ɞɨ ɬɜɨɪɭ Ȼ ©ȿɠɥɛɧɠɫɩɨª ȿɡ ȼɩɥɥɛɲɲɩ ȼ ©ȼɩɡɠɬɭɝɠɨɨɛ ɥɩɧɠɟʀɺª ȿɛɨɭɠ Ȼɦʀɞ·ɾɫʀ Ƚ © Ƚɬɭɮɪ ɝ ɭɠɩɦɩɞʀɹª Ɋ·ɾɫɛ Ȼɜɠɦɺɫɛ Ⱦ © Ʌɨɣɞɛ ɪʀɬɠɨɷª ɏɫɛɨɲɠɬɥɩ Ɋɠɭɫɛɫɥɣ