DESIGN FUTURES
JOURNAL
SHERYKA UMAYA G20210207
SPECULATIVE FUTURE & CLOSE READINGS
WEEK 1 RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION OF SPECULATIVE FUTURE AND CLOSE READING EXERCISES
SPECULATIVE EVERYTHING Analysis & Interpretation
BY ANTHONY DUNNE & FIONA RABY
indicates speculative design as a form of exploring new
Speculative design is all about meticilous research
method, technologies, and boundaries using hypothetical
analysis of patterns and trends that occur in the present
research. Creating fictional products through different
to be able to make evidence-based predictions of the
mediums rather than prioritizing it as art. Using design to
dersirable future.
showcase a preferable future that the designer think of. Future speculation to spark conversation and public commentary regarding the kind of future that society look for.
CLOSE READINGS Steps and Summary
What is the context and the genre of the text? Who is the author? What is the objective of writing the text? What is the format of the text and what is it good for?
How is the text structured? What are the different sections? How do arguments unfold?
How valid is this text? What are the arguments and the rhetoric? In what ways are the text credible? What are the key concepts being used?
What is the scope of the text? In general articles are mainly useful
Which fields are these key concepts from? What are
within the text and scope it is written in. Taken out of context,
some of the implications of analysing the subject as
certain arguments will not be pertinent.
such?
In what areas will the text be less useful?
CLOSE READINGS Exercise
Summary Compare to designers, the role of consumers play a bigger part within our complex economic system. If consumers withdraw their buying powers, the economic wheel will collapse, hence exploitation and manipulation both psychologically and emotionally becomes the basis of capitalism. The role of citizen-consumer can be toxic. The duty of designers is to expose and be aware of these repercussions of these citizen-consumer dynamic. Our reality is based on the circulation of monetary economy exploited, manipulated, and altered by the government or those who control the system. Without consumption, our reality as we know does not exist, which fundamentally raises the notion that consumerism and money is the only entity to grasp reality. Our possible futures are defined through the acts of exchanging money.
Text Validity The text is credible as the information is from a reputable and trusted source via the bibliography namely Anthony Dunne and Fiona Baby. There is an understanding of depth by analysing the current economic crisis, objectivity shown by not only analysing the physical reality or cultural but psychological, ethical, and behavioral realities, currency, authority, and purpose.
destruction of dying cultural
preservation of culture
heritage sites
and heritage
trade
ancestral DNA
role of the
archiving datas
museum of the future
of the past future of archeologists,
TOPIC
& archivists
HERITAGE decolonialization
indigenous rights
heritage & identity
restoration of cultural heritage
approaching architecture conservation
colonial museums repatriate objects
CLOSE READINGS ON HERITAGE
WEEK 2 DOCUMENTATIONS OF CLOSE READINGS ON THE ASSIGNED HERITAGE THEMED PAPERS
SUMMARY INSIGHT In the first chapter of Archival Futures, entitled “It’s the end of the archival profession as we know it, and I feel fine”, Kate Theimer addressed the concerns around archival disruption and how technology and larger societal trends are shaping the future of archivist profession based on the book called “The Future of Professions” by Daniel and Richard Susskind. According to the Susskinds, the changes and opportunities brought by using machine and technology has allowed collaboration between professionals and public community linked by a platform to carry out and tackle the work on a different scale and in a different way than previously possible both in person and online. They observed that as intelligent systems are developed, archivists are disintermediated from their traditional work of serving as intermediaries between people and archival materials. But Theimer asserts that archivist profession like all professions has tradition and values, and human touch and supervision is still required in preserving the records of human memory by algorithms. As the archivist profession evolved together with these technological trends and shifts, Theimer feels that archivists will drop the characteristics linked to irrelevant past and develop new ones to seek out the untold stories of the marginalised communities moving forward.
CLOSE READINGS INSIGHTS Paradigm shift in Archival concepts
Implying that perhaps in the future the role of archivists are still
There might be a possibility of change and adaption for
necessary to supervise and make sure that digital records are
archivists to evolve into a role that is more than the
diverse, remembering history through many mediums and vessel.
gatekeepers of history. They have to be prepared for
Archivists may highlight information and insights that are not
automation to take over and potential collaborations from
understood by digital archive to provide more accuracy.
different people.
LEARNING POINT 1
Paradigm shift in Archival concepts "Archivists in the future will rebrand themselves and they will concentrate to use their knowledge and skill in new ways to make sure everything is preserved with enduring value for future generations." (Theimer, 2018, p.17) Disintermediation of archivist professional roles into paraprofessionals, volunteers, crowdsourcers and capable machines. Diversification of Archivist profession and from reaction to proactive approach.
references A diverse group of archive professionals, artists, activists and documentary storytelling practitioners explore methods available in a way that makes them fully accessible.
CLOSE READINGS INSIGHTS
Intersection of Artificial Intelligence & Archival Process
The use of archivists may still be imperative in providing an emotive human touch in deciding which information to preserve. They sort undifferentiated information, connecting them, and telling a story; this attribute may not be present in digital archiving. But then again, as we move to the future at an accelerating pace, economic realities and development do not consider values and ttraditions the way societies do.
LEARNING POINT 2
Intersection of Artificial Intelligence & Archival Process
"...there might not be a need for a traditional archivist to organise the archive system but there are questions about entrusting all these valuable records and data to the technology." (Theimer, 2018, p.12)
AI automates parts of the archival workflow such as record-keeping and decision processes. The power of decision Archival profession holds in deciding whose voices are heard, and whose are not, and AI amplifying and creating greater disparity. Risk of AI bias when certain distribution of data from the past reflects existing prejudices.
references Stanford Phd student, Eun Seo Jo, broadly covers applications of machine learning on historical data and the ethical concerns of using socio-cultural data for AI research and systems.
CLOSE READINGS INSIGHTS Community Archives
As we more to the future, mediums that tell history will continue to evolve. It is not just old-fashion piece of writing and tangible artefacts, however opening up to the possibility that outside community can provide unique and personal piece of information regarding the history.
This collaborative method of preserving historical information may be called as community archives, where the role of archiving is not only done by professional archivists but also supported by community voices and values situated around the history.
This makes digital archiving highly popular and imperative in making archiving an intimate and collective process for all people that can access. Archival world will be a network of repositories, and the growth of the archival activity will increase exponentially.
LEARNING POINT 3
COMMUNITY ARCHIVES "...the internet supports the growth of ‘do-it- yourself’ or DIY or maker culture, enables people to create their own collections and archives of digital and digitised materials, shares them and creates associated communities." Collaboration between professional archivists and non professionals, volunteers and general public. Surfacing evidence from past that people unaware, and untold stories from different perspectives and backgrounds. Uncovering interconnections among documents held in different memory institutions. Community people articulating what is worthy to archive and what stories to tell.
references Archivists has the ability to save or erase an individual's history or even the history of an entire people. Dominique Luster works to build a historical view that includes marginalized voices and conscious language.
(Theimer, 2018, p.05)
SPECULATIVE FUTURE & CLOSE READINGS
WEEK 3 RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION OF SPECULATIVE FUTURE AND CLOSE READING EXERCISES ON HERITAGE
EXTERNAL RESEARCH
why the digital revolution will change the way we preserve heritage. How do we decide which buildings are worth conserving? The way forward for architecture conservation in Singapore should be a holistic and honest evaluation of our modern heritage that articulates their architectural, historical and social values in light of the formative years of nation building.This is an issue facing many cities in rapidly developing Asia, but receives very little attention due to the antiquated view of what constitutes heritage.
Hari Kunzu's Memory Palace The exhibition conjured a world less ordinary. A world where the act of remembering is forbidden. It’s a world where nature has reclaimed the land once more, cloaking the planet in a new dark age, where reading, writing and processing information are punishable by death, under strict orders of the tattooed primitivist leaders.
EXTERNAL RESEARCH
why the digital revolution will change the way we preserve heritage. Archivist at National Geographic He's a keeper not only of photographs, but memories—and he treats each like it's the greatest treasure in the world. exploring questions and processes that are emerging from their collection, conservation and use. What does the word archive mean to you? What secrets do archives hold and how can your own experiences and possessions be of archival value?
Archives Have the Power to Boost Marginalized Voices
a job that has the ability to save or erase an individual's history or even the history of an entire people. What's interesting is that the archivist mentioned that in the past, without representation from diverse archivists, history on black and indigenous culture were skewed and disproportianetly erased.
EXTERNAL RESEARCH
why the digital revolution will change the way we preserve heritage.
"These changes will effect historical scholarship, society, and the shaping of public and private memories." The digital revolution has made archivists much more introspective about their future as: they are required to evolve and keep pace with the rapid developments in technology to serve their users. Internet and digitisation: Transformed information into a multidimensional term.
sources:
the need for archives and archival institutions will continue to exist in the digital age. Due to: the archives’ administrative and cultural embeddedness in the fabric of society; the provision of persistent functions related to data and documents; the task and capacity to preserve physical, nondigital copies; the importance of preserving the historical and information technology context; the long-term task of migrating document formats; and, finally, the significance of archives’ institutional responsibility.
https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=jcas
EXTERNAL RESEARCH
Existing Technological Developments to Preserve Heritage
Online Data Bases
the masses of cultural heritage data are wide-ranging. There are vast digital libraries of collections, as well as images,
Allows universal access to collections of
content, and audio from cell phones, social media, and
digitised materials
information, but there is little standardization in the way such
satellites. People across the globe can engage with this
content is presented or authenticated.
https://news.yale.edu/2016/04/14/grand-challenges-cultural-heritage-databases-preservation-best-practices
Adaptive Reuse
The role of building conservation has changed from
The advancement of technology and
preservation to being part of a broader strategy for urban
engineering allows the conservation of old
supports the view that adaptive reuse is a powerful strategy for
buildings.
regeneration and sustainability. And growing body of opinion
handling this change.
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/02630801111182439/full/html
EXTERNAL RESEARCH Potential Tools of Future Archiving
Artificial intelligence
Auto-tagging digital images Modern technology asset gatherers image tagging software can
may potentially be put to use in
automatically add tags based
digital preservation across the
on what’s in the image, which
business function in categorising
allows for intuitive search and
vast amounts of information like
discovery.
emails, making it more findable,
https://preservica.com/blog/digital-preservationfutures-looking-ahead-to-2030
mobile operation to collect and digitally preserve the material, securing the
driving actions instantaneously, or managing security settings.
Imaging technology to digitise personal collections
collections for generations to come, organizing, storing and
https://brandfolder.com/blog/image-taggingsoftware
and making their treasures available to
retrieving rich media and
the world through the power of high-
managing digital rights
quality imaging
and permissions.
https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20211027005343/en/Thehttps://www.techtarget.com/searchcontentmanagem
HistoryMakers-Chooses-Digital-Transitions-to-Digitize-Personal-
ent/definition/What-is-digital-asset-management
Collections-Documenting-African-American-History-and-Society
BRAINSTORMING PROCESS Sketches
a group of conservationists
Conservations being
performing activisim
representatives of community needs
conservation decisions lies on democratic efforts from the
memory keepers?
community moving museum, bringing museum archival process directly to the conserved buildings
BRAINSTORMING PROCESS Sketches
Archivists doesn't sit in museums examing dusty antiques, they are on the field and archiving on the go. Archivists are now using the power and knowledge to highlight history that is forgotten and neglected.
Valued for providing human opinion and human touch.
Uncovering mediums and
Is not bound by time or
artefacts to preserve that is
disrupting the concept of time.
outside the conventional.
Focus on highlighting community insights through community archives.
SPECULATIVE FUTURE & CLOSE READINGS
WEEK 4 FINAL OUTCOME OF SPECULATIVE FUTURE ON HERITAGE
''RE-BRANDING ARCHIVISTS"
MEMORY KEEPERS: OUT-AND-ABOUT, ACTIVISM, AND DISTRUPTING TIME. “I'm a sucker for abandoned stuff, which despite the light of progress and all that, still vanishes every day"
Meet Dax. He specialises in conserving old buildings in Singapore and strives to go blur the lines between archiving and conserving with the ultimate goal of enriching history and culture in Singapore for the Future.
In a future where digital memories prevail, archivists are now re-branding themselves as guardians of the online datas where they are valued for being subjective rather than objective. They provide the human touch to an AI controlled system, gathering historical information from different perspectives and bringing history closer to communities. "WE DON'T SIT IN A ROOM FULL OF DUSTY ANTIQUES IN A QUIET MUSEUM ANYMORE."
WHY THESE "MEMORY KEEPERS" ARE BORN. issues they are solving Conserving historical buildings in Singapore is expensive
What is considered to be enduring and intrinsically valuable to Singapore has become difficult to define
Land scarcity and policy complications
POSSIBILITIES THEY SEE. potentials
Heighten the sense of pride and embracing one's history and culture
Reinstates the voices of the marginalized communities Re-connection to the multi-cultural roots of Singapore, highlighting a national identity that promotes and accepts racial diversity.
"We are paving the way for the Singapore government to be more open in highlighting all history and the truth."
WHAT THESE "MEMORY KEEPERS" ARE TRYING TO DO. DEMOCRATIZING ARCHIVING WITH TECHNOLOGY. In a world that often demands progressiveness and post-truth tendency, "Memory Keepers" aims to highlight the voices of forgotten or marginalised communities through digitallyvisualised archives in an adaptive-reuse format.
"A NOMADIC AND FUTURISTIC DIGITAL MUSEUM THAT CORRESPONDS TO THE COMMUNITY ARCHIVES GUARDED BY THE 'MEMORY KEEPERS'. "
LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT ONE OF DAX'S PROJECTS. Kallang Tales. Dax and his group of "Memory Keepers" are bringing the online data collection of Kallang Airport history to a physical form, Intending to highlight the site context and its relevance to the often-forgotten indigenous people of the Island.
CHOSEN SITE: KALLANG AIRPORT BUILDING
About Kallang Airport. Was a former site for Singapore's first settlers of Orang Laut Was a former docking spot of Chinese coolies to Kallang River. Was Singapore's first civil airport Declared the “finest airport in the British Empire” Visited by legendary pilot Amelia Earhart Surrounding areas to be developed as a lifestyle hub
Fly up!
Architectural projection mapping on historic building
Learn from the past in a collaborative way. Share your stories and experiences.
Using advanced technology, the physical memory space at Kallang Airport Building values community input and raising awareness on important events that are often eroded along with the past.
The physical memory space at Kallang Airport Building supported with AR/VR technology.
FIELD RESEARCH ON THE TOPIC OF HERITAGE
WEEK 5 DOCUMENTATION ON FIELD EXPLORATION ON THE TOPIC OF HERITAGE DURING OVERSEAS EXCURSION
A trip to St. Paul's Cathedral in London
During the London excursion, I managed to visit numerous historical site of London to uncover its conservation process and how the act places itself in London's ever-evolving urban landscapes.
I was particularly fascinated at how conservation is almost like the act of branding a building, exposing the building's history while highlighting the culture and identity of uptown London's urban landscapes. The white marbles, detailed ornaments, all dates back to London's religious background and Euro-centric culture.
There was once where the dome had collapsed before and immediate conservation efforts were done.
Designed by Christopher Wren.
I believe that London has successfully preserved and upheld its most ancient landmarks, rescuing them from natural erosion and deconstruction and how these means of preservation have changed over time. When you think of London's iconic landmark, you would remember of St. Paul's majestic dome. Through the lens of conservation, this site is an exemplary testaments to architectural conservation's ability to ensure physical buildings themselves along with their own respective legacies. But it also showsus how conservation can lead to changes in historical perception. What the world sees in the city has become less important than how it's seen, as views and perception become an increasingly defining feature of the modern city. Centuries of conservation efforts have effect on how St. Paul becomes a site that sits in a pedestal as compare to the rest in the way it is seen today.
A trip to Stonehenge
During the London excursion, I managed to visit numerous historical site of London to uncover its conservation process and how the act places itself in London's ever-evolving urban landscapes.
I was particularly fascinated at how conservation is almost like the act of branding a building, exposing the building's history while highlighting the culture and identity of uptown London's urban landscapes. The white marbles, detailed ornaments, all dates back to London's religious background and Euro-centric culture.
Roman Bath, communal bath where past civilisation gather and converse.
Romanticism within architecture.
A trip to Bath
I was particularly intrigued and compelled
It was interesting to see how the influence of Roman
by my visit to the city of Bath, located right
civilisation who used to reside here has shaped the
at the outskirts of London. Compared to
city before the Anglo Saxon appear. Conservation
London, the town is dipped in honey-
efforts doesn't just concentrate on a particular
colored cement stones, with roman culture
landmark, but the entire city portrays a feeling that we
highly influence the architecture style of
are transported in to the past.
the city.
SPECULATIVE FUTURE IN HERITAGE
WEEK 6 RESEARCH ON CURRENT SYSTEMS AND FINALIZING OF THEMES
CURRENT SYSTEMS Framing the system To view the worksheet:
https://miro.com/app/board/uXjVO5rmmkU=/? share_link_id=377915577166
Institutional Structures New Laws to protect and promote Heritage Preservation International Organisation (UNESCO)
Economic Structures
CURRENT SYSTEM OF HERITAGE CONSERVATION
Land Scarcity alongside Economic Values and Gains on Conservation Private Entities
CURRENT SYSTEM Institutional Structures
Economic Structures
New Laws to Protect and Promote Singapore's Archeological Cultural Heritage Be Preserved
Private Entities - Pearl Bank Apartments demolished despite calls to conserve
National monuments should
I think the best way out is for the
enjoy a similar, if not higher,
new building to be redeveloped
level of protection compared to
in a way that preserves the
conserved buildings.
essence of the architect's design - its circular structure.
International Organisations Main actors on cultural heritage:
Land Scarcity alongside Economic Values and Gains on Conservation
international organisations Several international organisations work to protect, safeguard and promote cultural heritage.
Redevelopment formula does not have to comprise only tearing down a structure, especially if the original building has high architectural and heritage value.
Practice Upstream Heritage Based Decisions Parliament Debates Public Commentaries
Culture Heritage Values amongst Youth Protests: Voices from Communities
CURRENT SYSTEM OF HERITAGE CONSERVATION
CURRENT SYSTEM Practices
Culture
Proposals and Protests
Protests: Community Voices
Removal of historical items
Example - Many cities and
will show how firmly certain
organisations have taken
values have become
steps to remove Confederate
entrenched in the urban
symbols, which have long
landscapes.
stirred controversy because of their association with racism.
Public Commetaries In our continued chase for growth and development, we should take a more consultative approach to decide what to conserve.
Protests: Youth Digging up our ancestors and destroying our sacred sites - is this really the legacy we want to leave?
EMERGING NICHE INITIATIVES
Architecture Acupuncture
People Centred Approaches
Adaptive Reuse
Digital Preservations of Architectural Monuments
VR/AR Possibilties in Heritage Conservation
Exploitation of Heritage Buildings for Tourism
EMERGING NICHE INITIATIVES Heritage Tourism in Rural Areas
Architecture Acupuncture
Many developing countries
alks about acupuncture,
seek to utilize cultural
ancient Chinese building
heritage sites as resources
techniques and rejecting
for socio-economic
conformity of gentrification.
development through heritage tourism.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/109 41661003629995?journalCode=rapt20
Heritage Preservation for Hospitality Tourism
Heritage Preservation for Hospitality Tourism
Hotel design is drawing on
understanding of people’s
the history of localities and
relations to historic places
their communities, uniting
by situating emotional
old and new through
attachments at the core of
sensitive restoration.
urban heritage thinking and practice.
EMERGING NICHE INITIATIVES Indigeneous Perspectives
AR/VR in showcasing heritage
we can learn from
whether digital restoration
indigenous peoples and
in virtual space can
local communities who
mediate the spatial conflict
know this already, and who
between urban heritage
are actively conserving and
sites and the surrounding
managing lands.
urban structure.
Youth Decolonisation Movement
Digital Preservation Techniques
Youth to revive and protect
By placing the record of our
aspects of their heritage
past in the digital realm, it
that might have fallen away
will lie for ever beyond the
with colonisation.
reach of vandals and terrorists
Long Term Trends: Development of cities, technology:
Urban Sprawl and Urban Planning
Gentrifying Neighbourhoods: Urban Renewal / Revitalisation
Climate Change and the Destruction of Heritage Sites
Building Boom
Missing Arts and Culture
LONG TERM TRENDS Proposals and Protests
Building Boom
Climate Change
Buildings being pulled down in the quest
Growth fuelled a building boom
Heritage tourism is now increasingly
for modernisation, only for many to
that includes several of the
popular and improving the
regret the demolition and mourn the loss
largest regeneration projects
sustainability of heritage sites is
of built heritage after. Conservation
essential both nationally and
bodies around the world fight hard to
internationally.
protect well-loved historic architecture,
https://www.rics.org/uk/news-insight/latest-news/value-theplanet/how-our-professionals-are-delivering-an-impact/tacklingthe-threat-of-climate-change-for-historical-buildings/
but they are not always successful.
LONG TERM TRENDS
Gentrifying Neighborhoods Urbanisation & Urban Planning
Missing Arts and Culture
the key to revitalization without gentrification is "bringing residents and the Across the globe our lands are littered with the remnants and memories of lost and ravaged buildings.
community to the table often and at the beginning." This kind of public planning
Urbanization has long been
process requires a great investment of time
associated with human
and resources by city governments, but
development and progress, but
without this investment, the only result may
urban settings can also lead to
be inequitable, developer-led urban
significant inequalities and
revitalization.
health problems.
SPECULATIVE FUTURE IN HERITAGE
WEEK 7 FINALIZING OF THEMES ON HERITAGE "PRESERVATION OF CULTURE IN A GENTRIFYING NEIGHBORHOOD"
Long Term Trends: Development of cities, technology:
Gentrifying Neighbourhoods: Urban Renewal & Loss of culture
Building Boom
area of focus
Urban Sprawl and Urban Planning
Climate Change and the Destruction of Heritage Sites
Missing Arts and Culture
PRELIMINARY IDEAS
gentrifying neighbourhoods how we can look at it from the Singapore context ...
In Singapore, the different areas and neighbourhoods can be divided into 28 districts. Each neighbourhood represents significant history and heritage that has molded Singapore's unique culture. Singapore's urban renewal is inevitable as we move forward to the future. How can we preserve the heritage of these neighbourhoods in a smart, engaging, and practical manner?
PRELIMINARY IDEAS
unique identities of neighbourhoods
Holland Village neighbourhood
Tiong Bahru neighbourhood
Geylang neighbourhood
Telok Blangah neighbourhood
HERITAGE NEIGHBORHOOD Singapore historial and distinct districts.
loss of culture
"
Gentrification is not only about the destruction of rural environments. It also relates to the displacement of communities, loss of culture, disrupting the tangible bond between people's identity and their belonging spaces.
our plan ... Through interviews, we plan to understand the significance of the neighbourhood's heritage towards the community living in it.
"
SPECULATIVE FUTURE & CLOSE READINGS
WEEK 9 RESEARCH ON THEME "PRESERVATION OF CULTURE IN A GENTRIFYING NEIGHBORHOOD"
Purpose of gentrification in Singapore
commercialism ... keeping places relevant
arguments
gentrification which is controlled over a slow period of time injects life into an area where old users get phased out in the course of history.
Crowds have come in. Not just the tourists but also the locals who might not necessarily visit the area otherwise We still have our traditional businesses and the new businesses to keep this area relevant and for people to come. If we all have just traditional businesses, then it becomes a fabricated place and we will lose out in relevance to society
stripping away heritage and cultural identity arguments The original use of the neighbourhood is no longer viable and the original residents living in that area have all moved out, and new users and functions have moved in, making the area quite different.
While the buildings have been conserved and a heritage trail provides information about significant spots, the stories behind many of the old pre-war shop houses and those who used to live there are largely glossed over
Historical places have lost their old trades or their businesses.
At one point in time, people were complaining of hipster bistros and cafes. How many shops selling S$6 coffees do you need?
"It is a very Arabised landscape.”
case study ...
How can Kampong Glam stay relevant?
"Last time, this used to be a residential area. Today, it is just very sanitised and commercialised, the whole place is just for tourists."
Kampung Glam - which is thought to be named after the "gelam" or cajeput tree - was settled in the 1800s by Malays and other Muslim immigrants from the region, as well as some Arab traders. Today, Ms Hidayah, claims, there is little in the landscape that is “Malay” anymore.
"POSITIVE" GENTRIFICATION? An investigation into the gentrification found that gentrification does produce positive outcomes in the form of economic revitalization. However the negative consequence of the displacement of old residents and businesses is still evident, signalling a failure to achieve social mixing between existing and new residents in the neighbourhood.
But the reality is that gentrified neighbourhoods nearly always become victims of their own success; the original community long displaced and the pioneer community increasingly threatened by ever-escalating rents and the commercialisation of culture.
POTENTIAL SOLUTION. Can we provide information or guidelines for businesses to pay respect towards the neighbourhoods heritage and people? Can we create balance between commercialism and preserving culture?
FIELD RESEARCH ON THE TOPIC OF HERITAGE
WEEK 10 DOCUMENTATION ON FIELD EXPLORATION ON THE TOPIC OF "PRESERVATION OF CULTURE IN A GENTRIFYING NEIGHBORHOOD"
INEVITABILITY OF GENTRIFICATION & COMMERCIALISM.
CAMDEN HISTORY GROWS FROM AN AREA FOR STOPPING OR DOCKING POINTS DURING INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
SHOREDITCH HISTORY GROWS FROM AN AREA FOR IMMIGRANTS
A LOOK AT LONDON'S MOST FAMOUS NEIGHBORHOOD In the 20th century, Soho became an important center for music. Brothels flourished for hundreds of years and at different times, prostitutes openly walked the streets, famously known as London's red light district.
Though like many London neighborhoods, Soho has been hit hard by gentrification, I was still able to see how their historical past has shaped the way the neighborhood has been gentrified in present times.
A trip to Soho, London
It was fascinating to see how Soho has now become a hub of diverse people coming together to socialise and connect. Diversity of race, sexuality, all enjoying modern bars, nightclubs, and theatre.
A LOOK AT LONDON'S NEIGHBORHOOD A trip to Whitechapel Neighborhood, London.
One crucial aspect I learnt is that every district exudes different energy and each environment taught me interesting lessons on culture, architecture, and political issues happening in the region.
I find it intriguing how today’s London was built by people from various countries, religions, ethnicity, and political background. Even looking only at the landscapes of UAL learning environments, our lecturers and peers came from different countries and backgrounds with various perspectives on approaching the refugee issues. I notice how the divergence of people is not always about race and ethnicity. Diversification can mean having a diversity of thoughts, opinions, sexuality, ideology, language, and many more. The diversity here is vivid, glaring, and unforced. It builds and comes naturally. Londoners are always excited to chat and understand each other.
SPECULATIVE FUTURE IN HERITAGE
WEEK 11 PRELIMINARY INTERVIEWS ON THE TOPIC OF "PRESERVATION OF CULTURE IN A GENTRIFYING NEIGHBORHOOD"
POTENTIAL AREA OFFOCUS Holland Village neighborhood? First established as a Dutch community; originally founded in the early 1900s, this neighborhood in the Bukit timah region of Singapore was used for plantation estates. Named after Hugh Holland, an architect and amateur actor who lived in the area
interpretations of heritage
commercialisation
INTERVIEW PLANS Views on Holland Village
Reached Experts
1. Describe how the organisation works and how does it help preserve Singapore's heritage? 2. Why does programs and workshops like this important to exist? 3. What are the communities or people's response and reaction regarding the programs that the organisation provide? 4. Why is preseving Singapore's neighborhood heritage important? 5. How effective is the organisation programs help bring awareness about preserving neighborhood heritage? 6. How does the government play a role in supporting the organisation? 7. How has the communities' perspectives change regarding heritage of Singapore neighborhoods through time? 8. How does gentrification play a role in the neighborhood communities? 9. What are some of the tangible and intangible cues that you notice in the neighborhoods due to gentrification? 10. How does the modernisation of neighborhoods plays an impact in the heritage preservation?
Local Communities what is different from the past where you live now? (Housing, convenience, facilities etc) do you miss any of the things you have mentioned do you think the government is trying to conserve the identity of your neighbourhood what makes Holland village so different from other places in singapore? do you like the Holland village now? What can be better? do you think advancing too fast destroys the history of an area? Do you think gentrification causes cultural and social displacement? Do you still remember the windmill? How do you feel about it removed? Describe positive and negative effects of gentrification in the neighbourhood? what do you think Holland village will be like in the future?
RE-SELECTION OF AREA OF FOCUS From Holland Village to Kampong Gelam neighborhood
Holland village is already deep into gentrification that the past identity doesn't look as visible as Kampong Gelam.
There was a misunderstanding and a uneccessary sidetrack on how we view gentrification. The focus should be on gentrification fatigue, on the community views and its loss of culture.
There should be now a focus on which particular culture that is lost due to gentrification, and how does the community feel about this.
SPECULATIVE FUTURE & RESEARCH ON HERITAGE
WEEK 12 RESEARCH AND INTERVIEWS ON THE TOPIC OF "PRESERVATION OF CULTURE IN A GENTRIFYING NEIGHBORHOOD" WITH KAMPONG GELAM CONTEXT
HERITAGE main theme
GENTRIFICATION FATIGUE sub-theme
LOSS OF CULTURE approach
With gentrification is the process whereby the character of a poor urban area is changed by wealthier people moving in, attracting new businesses, often displacing current inhabitants, Gentrification Fatigue refers to to the frustration of the original communities in the neighborhood on just how many more new 'hipster' businesses the neighborhood needs.
" product on finding ways to bring back the loss of culture among original communities who are now out-shined and forced to compete with wealthier modern businesses.
"
KAMPONG GELAM - HISTORY AND UNDERSTANDING area of focus
The designation of a core area clustered “ethnic-based activities” in buildings of architectural and historical significance near the iconic Sultan Mosque and Istana Kampong Glam. This involved selecting trade that could remain in this area, such as the selling of batiks, sarongs and carpets. Textile businesses were concentrated on Arab Street, where they continue to be today. Incompatible trades such as bars, pubs, nightclubs, karaoke outlets and western fast-food restaurants were disallowed in the core area.
government strategy:
For the next century, the district grew around its various residents. Each immigrant group’s specialised trade— including basket weaving, sandal making, copper crafting and tomb carving—emerged on different streets. These businesses were run from two-storey shophouses that define the district’s landscape till today. Kampong Glam also became an important centre in Southeast Asia for the Malay print industry.
KAMPONG GELAM - ARAB STREET area of focus
A trading post on the island. Back in 1800s, Kampong Gelam used thrived as a trading and commercial hub. Ships from the Malay Archipelago docked along the coastline of Kampong Gelam. Merchants trading in various products, spices, textiles, congregated in different parts of the district. Kampong Gelam became a notable area attracting intellectuals and artists from the Malay Archipelago and beyond.
Diversity of Locals Communities of Bugis, Arab, Javanese and Boyanese descent from Malacca, the Riau islands, Java, Sumatra and Sulawesi settled within Kampong Gelam.
https://www.nhb.gov.sg/~/media/nhb/files/places/trails/kampong%20glam/kgglamtrail.pdf
KAMPONG GELAM - ARAB STREET area of focus
INTERVIEW INSIGHTS Perspectives of Local Community Businesses from different trades and time JAMAL KAZURA AROMATICS 90 YEARS (3 GENERATION FAMILY BUSINESS)
TENG JOO TEXTILE 50 YEARS (2 GENERATION FAMILY BUSINESS)
SAE TAE BAK 5 YEARS NEW BUSINESS
INTERVIEW 1 INSIGHTS Jamal Kazura Aromatics
Believes that local businesses and heritage trade might decrease and disappear in the future. This reflects upon his feeling of missing the authentic locality that his father was able to experience in the past Kampong Gelam.
Open to the opportunities that gentrification bring positive, and have made plans for the business's online platform and modernised approach to keep up with customers' demands
rustration on the "tourist focus" that Arab Street has become, and disappearance of the true Malay heritage identity (such as the traditional food sellers, etc)
As market value increases, it's harder for local businesses to sustain their businesses compete with foreign investors
Values highly of his father's business and wish to preserve the culture and heritage that his family has built in Kampong Gelam.
INTERVIEW 2 INSIGHTS Teng Joo Textile
Explains that the family business that her father started has strong cultural and sentimental values to her.
She will be the last family member to continue the business as the current textile industry in Arab Street is a dying trade
Accepting the possibility that the whole stretch Arab Street Textile will be gone in the future with more and more bakery, and restaurants popping up while textile shops close down and move away currently
She felt disheartened at the hard work of her family to the business will have to come to an end
Describes that the different culture and different heritage in Arab Street is what makes the sold textile diverse, allowing businesses to compete side by side
INTERVIEW 2 INSIGHTS Sa Tae Bak
Explains that bringing F&B establishments that celebrates culture beyond Malay food is acceptable as Kampong Gelam's landscape has transformed into a modern cultural hub.
created his business to do the abundance of opportunity the location can provides due to its tourism strategy of the neighborhood as well.
Satisfied with the way how the attraction and diversity of Kampong Gelam encourages more customer to come, and more contemporary businesses that still pays homage coming to Kampong Gelam.
Agree that there needs to be a level of respect towards the culture and heritage as it is a site where religious values are still uphold dearly by the community.
Might consider to open branches or more stores, but mentioning that the rise of F&B outlets in Kampong Gelam and the nightlife scene makes the businesses become more competitive.
CURRENT SYSTEMS Listening to the system To view the worksheet:
https://miro.com/app/board/ uXjVO5rmmkU=/?share_link_id=377915577166
CURRENT SYSTEMS Understand The System To view the worksheet:
https://miro.com/app/board/uXjVO5rmmkU=/? share_link_id=377915577166
VISITS TO KAMPONG GELAM
MORE INSIGHTS & ANALYSIS
Separating the difference between which true malay heritage and which heritage is imported has been obscured.
Gentrification fatigue also stems from the frustration of the community that they have been generalised (diverse groups of Malays are generalised into Malays, diverse textile culture are generalised into simply textile).
Rapid cultural change due to process of gentrification causes long term residents to feel disoriented and disconnected with their neighbours, newcomer businesses.
KAMPONG GELAM - ARAB STREET area of focus
The entire street was a row of shophouses dedicated to the textile trade, merchants from different backgrounds introduced their expertises ,and became one of the authentic places to buy traditional attire, cloths and fabrics.
https://search.nlb.gov.sg/spatialdiscovery/storymaps/kampong-glam-its-streets/index.html
arab street textile Diversity ARAB STREET TEXTILE TRADE It used to be the city centre long before Orchard Road came up. Wealthy Indonesians and Malaysians would flock here to get their clothes during the 1800s. This street is much well known for its variety of textile and fabric shops where some are still run by the descendants of the those who first came to Singapore many decades ago like Aljunied Brothers. Walking along the row of shophouses here, you can also find shops displaying wide range of hand-knotted Persian carpets, Turkish lightings and ornaments, handicrafts, perfume, fashionable clothing and jewellery.
VISITS TO ARAB STREET
Textile Diversity at Arab Street
Traditional Looming
Batik Malay Archipelago
Patterns from
Patterned Silk Islamic Patterns
Intricate Embroidery
CONSERVATION EFFORTS Heritage Trail
projecKGlamway An outdoor fashion extravaganza with Arab Street serving as the runway. Models showed off original works by local designers inspired by Kampong Gelam, using traditional fabric from textile stores and other ethnic materials from the precinct.
National Heritage Board has developed a Heritage Trail to help visitors understand the area’s rich history and the remnants of the Malay heritage of Singapore with information signages and tour guides.
WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO THE ARAB STREET TEXTILE COMMUNITY? UNDERSTANDING THE POSSIBILITY
DISAPPEARANCE OF ARAB TEXTILE STREET With the increasing rental price, textile trades are fast disappearing among the trendy shops that have taken over. At today's time, you can still see traces of them being kept alive by second-generation owners and passionate individuals. But what will happen 50 years from now?
SPECULATIVE FUTURE ON HERITAGE
WEEK 13 RESEARCH ON THE TOPIC OF "PRESERVATION OF CULTURE IN A GENTRIFYING NEIGHBORHOOD" WITH KAMPONG GELAM CONTEXT
COMMERCIALISATION & GENTRIFICATION Kampong Gelam Research
Many of these shophouses now have new tenants such as design and IT firms, art galleries, crafts and curiosity shops, food caterers, cafes, bars and restaurants.
Kampong Glam has transitioned into a multi-racial and cultural heritage hub, refurbished and bringing back the former colour and vibrancy of the area.
DISNEYFICATION OF HERITAGE NEIGHBORHOODS Kampong Gelam Research
Malay Islamic imagery
colorisation
Over the last several decades, the Singapore government has attempted to create hyper-traditional Malay-Indonesian kampung, and tourist-oriented projects have resorted to generic Malay and Arabian-Islamic imagery. Showing how appropriation of spatialphyical impositions reveals to disrupt essentialist ethnic portrayals.
State Constructs of Ethnicity in the Reinvention of Malay-Indonesian Heritage in Singapore
DISNEYFICATION OF HERITAGE NEIGHBORHOODS Kampong Gelam Research
The insincerity and lack of cultural awareness that simply amplifying a place as 'Kampung' or simply pasting the word "traditional", "heritage", "village", doesn't justify the true existing malay culture that needs to be preserved.
Asking the question that perhaps generalisation and simplication of culture and heritage are the easiest and efficient for people to understand Malay ethnicity, and the only way to encourage preservation and cultural understanding.
State Constructs of Ethnicity in the Reinvention of Malay-Indonesian Heritage in Singapore
CULTURAL APPROPRIATION Kampong Gelam Research
Why is it so hard for us to understand the diversity of Malay culture?
A trend where value of invented cultural traditions Acknowledging effects of gentrication leading to the death and loss of cultural trade and heritage
arising from an emphasis on "traditionalism" as a way for Singapore to respond to the disjuncture with the past caused by modernisation.
THEORIES - TOURISM GENTRIFICATION On Heritage Preservation
THEORIES
On Heritage Preservation
There is a claim, made by many postmodern thinkers, that we are living at the end of time—that there are no originals left for us— that the effect of making copies of real things is at last to reduce the real things themselves to copies. On its face, the claim seems to mean the end of meaningful human endeavor, of a purpose for human thought, of a reason to do anything.
https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1472&context=hp_theses
THEORIES
On Heritage Preservation
https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1472&context=hp_theses
SPECULATIVE FUTURE ON HERITAGE
WEEK 14 TRIANGULATION OF TRENDS AND RESEARCH BASED ON "PRESERVATION OF CULTURE IN A GENTRIFYING NEIGHBORHOOD" WITH KAMPONG GELAM CONTEXT
IDENTIFIED SIGNALS At Kampong Gelam
Car-free zones for more F&B establishments
Modern Entertainment in the middle of heritage & religious environment
Bali Lane and Bussorah Street
The increase in bars and clubs,
are hoping to cultivate a similar
however, raised concerns from
atmosphere in their vicinities
long-time businesses, former
with a new trial to pedestrianise
residents and the Sultan
their roads
Mosque community over the erosion of the area’s integrity.
Dying Local Trades
Cultural Representations
https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/step-into-car-free-zones-at-haji-lane-bussorah-street-and-bali-lane
Traditional retailers have lamented that they have been left behind.
Politics of heritage and tourism-
Efforts to increase footfall have not
induced cultural changes, as
improved business for some shops
factors shaping representations
on Arab Street, which have closed
of ethnic heritage in
in the past three years due to rising
combination
rents.
https://www.clc.gov.sg/docs/default-source/urban-solutions/ urb-sol-iss-12-pdfs/case_study-sg-kampong-glam.pdf
https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/17741
CURRENT SYSTEMS Defining the Desired Future To view the worksheet:
https://miro.com/app/board/uXjVO5rmmkU=/? share_link_id=377915577166
Speculative Scenarios 1
2
Diverse cultures due to commercialisation causing erosion of authentic Malay heritage
The influx of hipster cafes and boutiques has led to conflate existing islamic oriented businesses with other cultures' identities
Fast disappearing traditional textile trade among trendy shops in Kampong Glam Increased competition from foreign importers and e-commence stores negatively affect traditional Malay textile businesses
Traditional physical textile shops closing down and moving onto virtual business
3 Existing generation moves away and F & B businesses completely taking over the empty shophouses
Implementation of high technology textile production machine in attempt to preserve the traditional textile trade
Machine Learning and digitalisation transforming traditional businesses
AI automation taking over labour intensive traditional businesses
PREDICTION
1
Traditional physical textile shops closing down and moving onto virtual business
Fast disappearing traditional textile trade among trendy shops in Kampong Glam
The influx of new businesses had displaced traditional businesses with rising rental values and lesser footfall. Increased competition from foreign importers and e-commence stores had also negatively affected traditional Malay textile businesses and forced them to close down.
https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/do-singapore-neighbourhoods-risk-death-by-cappuccino/
PREDICTION
2
Existing generation moves away and F & B businesses completely taking over the empty shophouses
Diverse cultures due to commercialisation causing erosion of authentic Malay heritage
Progressive Commercial development in Kampong Glam has fuelled more concerns over the death of neighbourhood's authentic identity. While the buildings have been conserved and a heritage trail provides information about significant spots, the stories behind many of the old pre-war shop houses and those who used to live there are largely glossed over.
https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/heritage-and-gentrification-there-win-win-neighbourhoods-1029601
PREDICTION
3
Implementation of high technology textile production machine in attempt to preserve the traditional textile trade
Machine Learning and digitalisation transforming traditional businesses
Businesses once resistance to digital transformation have had to change their mindset to address challenges. To cope with any surge in demand, the teams initially had many manual components that they eventually improved by building and integrating technology tools.While the change in time has helped accelerate the journey towards digital adoption, the need to go beyond simply deploying the technology.
https://www.zdnet.com/article/traditional-businesses-finally-embrace-digital-but-still-face-limits/
OBJECT OF THE FUTURE
WEEK 15 IDEATION OF FINAL PRODUCT BASED ON "PRESERVATION OF CULTURE IN A GENTRIFYING NEIGHBORHOOD" WITH KAMPONG GELAM CONTEXT
EXAMPLES OF SPECULATIVE DESIGN Ideation Research
PRELIMINARY IDEAS Ideation Research
showcasing old vs new shops of Arab Street. Fabric at the top of
Using shutter, awning
building to connect to
showcasing old village when
the past.
closed
sensing through object what its the space means to previous communities
SELECTED PRELIMINARY IDEAS Ideation Research
shops that can see through the shutter to showcase the past.
keeping and bringing local business back to the streets and unbounded by permanent space.
high rise space for new businesses to provide space. magnifying binocular for particular object
REVISED IDEAS Ideation Research
time capsule & textile printing textile of the past and
printing of stories
archive it online.
Giving life to the textile trade
textile projection & sound-
using syringe and fabric.
making textile.
textile traders being pushed to fight for spaces to the streets, and instead started
bar that lets you drink
finding ways to sell their textile in a unique
with the textile district
way (futuristic textile gerobak).
people from the past
CONCEPT WRITE UP final idea: in 2050, the textile trade is in near dying. The hyper-commercialisation of Kampong Gelam has led people to abandon the original communities textile trade. To gain more attraction, the government created an initiative of ways to preserve this heritage in 2050. What if now traditional textile of kampong gelam are made by machines? To preserve the culture, government have built vending machines around Kampong Gelam that prints and dispense traditional textiles where people visiting Kampong Gelam can as well customise it. In one side, the preservation of the traditional textiles is a positive effect. However, on the flip slide, the easy technology and customization of the textiles are eroding the traditional Kampong Gelam heritage, disrespecting the trade which is being highly machined and commercialised. "GET YOUR TRADITIONAL BATIK HERE!" -contradictory juxtaposition
MACHINE FOR FINAL PROTOTYPE Reference Images
UNDERSTANDING TRADITIONAL TEXTILE MAKING Protoyping Research
looming & weaving Kebaya embroidery
batik screen printing
songkat and sarong
MOOD IMAGE OF FINAL PROTOTYPE Reference Images
UNDERSTANDING MACHINES IN TEXTILE MAKING Protoyping Research
"Is it even possible to use robots in the textile industry?"
SPECULATIVE PRODUCT DESIGN FOR TEXTILE Reference - Edna Mode's Super suit lab from The Incredibles
future sewing machine
showcasement
future fabric making space
OBJECT OF THE FUTURE
WEEK 16 PROTOTYPING OF FINAL PRODUCT BASED ON "PRESERVATION OF CULTURE IN A GENTRIFYING NEIGHBORHOOD" WITH KAMPONG GELAM CONTEXT
FINAL IDEA CONCEPT & INSPIRATION Protoyping Research
textile wheel
Using the shape of shophouse to create the vending machine. A poetic interpretation of fitting the entire Arab Street diversity into one house / carcass.
FINAL IDEA CONCEPT & INSPIRATION Protoyping Research
MACHINE DESIGN CONFIGURATIONS Protoyping Research 1
4
2
5
3
6
final configuration selected to proceed on execution.
textile wheel mechanism and configuration.
OBJECT OF THE FUTURE FINAL DESIGN Final Product Execution
PROCESS
Execution of Final Product
Cadding Model & Laser Cut
Fabric & Material Selection
Assembling internal & external
making the textile wheel
assembling robotic arms
pasting the fabric thread
BUILDING THE PRODUCT Execution
design of structure
securing structure process
design of the robotic arms
FINAL PRODUCT Result
Wheel of thread to create the textile in a self-sustaining way.
Machine to be mobile and looks simillar to shophouse design.
Textile wheel that showcase different ranges of fabric from Arab Street.
Machine carcass for stories of Arab Street fabric merchants to be displayed.
Screen for users to customise their design.
Embroidery making. Fabric inspection.
Looming, weaving, and screenprinting technique.
project outcome
OBJECT OF THE FUTURE
speculative future product 1
In 2040, the textile trade of Arab street is in near dying. With its heritage aesthetics reinvented, Kampong Gelam is now a top destination for entertainment, leisure, and travel. The hyper-commercialisation of Kampong Gelam has led people to abandon the original communities textile trade. In an attempt to preserve the neighbourhood's once-famous cultural trade, the government found a new initiative to build interests among the visitors. What if now traditional textile of kampong gelam are made by machines?
speculative future product 2
Introduced as Momens, the machine encompasses the entire textile diversity of Arab Street under one device, where visitors can retrive a piece from the past. Stories of past textile shops and merchants of Arab Street are celebrated, and the advanced machinery provides an educational look for visitors to understand the process of traditional fabricmaking techniques.
KAMPONG GELAM'S VISITORS
3
ARAB STREET'S COMMUNITY
This practice is highly welcomed by future citizens
On the contrary, descendants of Kampong
as a form of fresh and vibrant cultural
Gelam’s local communities express concerns that
preservation, bringing more interestto the
their cultural trade is being generalized to fit the
heritage of Kampong Gelam to those who are
‘cultural amnesia’ mentality of the visitors.
unfamiliar.
Self-sustaining and automated machine that creates and process the fabrics accordingly to how the Users get to customise their
artisans used to do in the past.
traditional fabric according their preference of design.
Intelligent and robust, the machine is able to replicate infinite traditional designs and fabrication method of traditional textiles The use of robotic arms precisely mimicking the human touch of the now rare skilled artisans.
juxtapostion of tradition versus machine
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