sit, stay, speak design | monica arellano
sit, stay, speak The Future of Pets design | monica arellano
CREDIT School Academy of Art University
Class GR 601 Type Systems
Instructor David Hake Sit, Stay, Speak by Monica Arellano Published by Monica Arellano San Francisco, CA Š 2016 Monica Arellano. All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except as permitted by U.S. copyright law. For permissions contact: mctarellano@gmail.com
C O LO P H O N Design
Paper
Monica Arellano
Epson
Typefaces
Print & bound
Graphik + Produkt
Imagink 354 Sansome Street San Francisco, CA 94104
Type designed by Christian Schwartz Berton Hasebe
Foundry Commercial Type
sit, stay, speak Âť
contents
sit, stay, speak Âť
TITLE PAGE 1
CREDITS + COLOPHON
ORIGINS
UP » 5
6
12
ROBOTIC PETS
2
BOND
MOVE
SHIFT
18
24
30
36
FUSION 42
FOREVER PETS
CLOSING
INDEX
54
56
48
BIBLIOGRAPHY 58
1 sit, stay, speak »
origins
Wolves Wolves were the first animals
Only the most agreeable wolves
Domesticated wolves worked
to be tamed and domesti-
would be singled out for taming.
along side their human com-
cated by modern humans. This
The theories surrounding weth-
panions to hunt, guard, and
relationship stood the test of
er the human domesticated the
otherwise bond with the human
time—nearly 10,000 years. Of
wolf or the other way around
pack. Humans were not the
course they weren’t dogs as we
range greatly. It is believed that
only ones who benefited from
have come to know and love
modern man may have picked
this partnership.
today. Modern man observed
up stray pups, keeping only the
the wolves' ability to coordinate
ones that were less aggressive
hunting within their pack.
and killing or eating the ones that showed more aggression as they grew up. Another theory suggests that wolves domesticated themselves by scavenging off trash piles from human camps. Whatever the case, a symbiotic relationship formed.
sit, stay, speak Âť origins
»9
Âť Humans were not the only ones who benefitted from this partnership.
Âť Working alongside humans reduced that risk and increased the amount of meat available to the wolf. Âť 11
Traditionally, wolves would have to single out an animal from a pack. Once singled out, the wolves stalked the animal until it was weak by taking chunks out until it went down. Dragging the kill back to the pack was risky and most often the cause of injury for the wolf. Working along side humans reduced that risk and increased the amount of meat available to the wolf. As time went on, a utilitarian relationship formed between domesticated wolf and human beings.
right : Cave paintings of modern man and canid at European archeological site.
2
up The rise of pet ownership
Pets in the U.S.
According to the 2015-2016 National Pet Owners Survey conducted by the American Pet Products Association, 65% of U.S. households own a pet. That’s roughly 79.7 million families. That figure is up by 56% from 1988, the first year this survey was conducted. Pets reported in this study included birds, dogs, cats, horses, fresh and salt water fish, reptiles, and other small animals. Roughly 312 million pets total. When one considers the role pets have played in our lives from past to present day, it is no surprise that the number continues to rise.
Rising even more than the number of pets in the U.S. is the amount spent by consumers on pet products and services. As technology advances, so do the variety of products offered by companies to pet owners. Insurance and veterinary care has also come a long way, allowing owners to maintain their pets with less financial burden during difficult medical emergencies that may present themselves over time.
sit, stay, speak Âť up
Âť Two major demographic groups are responsible for the rise in pet ownership, baby boomers and millennials. Two major groups are responsible for the rise in pet ownership and spending, baby boomers and millennials. As the nest becomes empty, baby boomers are brining in a pet to fill a void in the household while millennials are the first generation to treat their pets more like people than animals. Millennials are finding their independence, and using their expendable income to purchase pets and spoil them.
Âť 15
Consumer pet spending Nearly 65% of U.S. households, or 79.7 million, own some kind of pet. As products and services for this demographic have become widely available over the last two decades, consumer spending on pets has dramatically increased as well.
1
6 9 9
$28,500,000
$21,000,000
sit, stay, speak Âť up
2
1 0 0
2
6 1 0 2
1 1 0 2
6 0 0
$62,750,000
$50,960,000
$38,500,000
3
»Until one has loved an animal, a part of one’s soul remains unawakened.«
— Anatole France
o bond The psychological role of pets
Pets for human health Humans and their pets have historically been bonded. First through shared survival and later as an integral and enduring part of a family unit. While this will not change in the future, the importance of the role pets play in our lives will be elevated. Most people view their pets as family. Research has found that people who have pets have a tendency to live healthier lives. They generally have healthier hearts, stay home sick less often, make fewer
Companion animals may help to improve
visits to doctors and hospitals, have more
heart health by lowering blood pressure
physical movement in their day, and are
and, in stressful situations, help to better
less depressed than their non pet owning
regulate ones heart rate. As the societal
counterparts. Some studies even show
and professional demands on ones life
that people who have pets have a substan-
increases in the future, having a companion
tial positive impact on things like allergies,
animal could be pivotal to longevity and
asthma, social support, and social interac-
fighting the negative impact of stress on
tions with other people.
the body and mind.
sit, stay, speak Âť bond
Children may also experience the positive effects of pet ownership. As technology becomes more accessible to children in the future, they’ll be even more susceptible to anxieties caused by cyber bullying along with normal anxiety inducing events. Findings suggest that companion pets can help children ease anxiety. Although, further research is needed to reinforce these findings. As the need for solutions for anxiety and psychological distress grows in the future, so will science that supports animal companions as a counter to anxiety. Studies in which a child had no brother or sister have reported that a pet can help a child develop greater empathy, self-esteem, and an increased participation in social and physical activities. In the future, more research will be conducted that strengthens the relationship of pet ownership to a healthier lifestyle for humans. The strength of this evidence will result in higher pet adoption rates and push to create more pet friendly facilities for owners and their furry companions. Another unintended side effect of robust research linking pets to healthier lifestyles will better information on how to train pets and how to find a pets that best fits a family or lifestyle.
Âť 21
Âť One demographic that could benefit from pet ownership are the elderly. As we age, the need for cognitive stimulation and social support becomes absolutely essential for ones well-being. The elderly can suffer debilitating cognitive degeneration and depression. Studies which look at elderly and companion animals has so far revealed that length of ownership or kind of companion animal are not major factors in the benefits experienced. Studies have yet to confirm psychological health benefits, but research is suggesting that a caretaking role one assumes when they have an animal companion can give an elderly person a sense of responsibility and purpose that contributes to their overall well-being.
sit, stay, speak Âť bond
Benefits include
Lower blood pressure and pulse rate
Offer affection and unconditional love
Âť 23 21% fewer visits to the doctor
Lowers depression
Easier to make friends (enhanced social opportunities)
Seniors become more active
Eases loss of a loved one
Fights loneliness
Seniors take better care of themselves
Sense of security
4
Population shift to U.S. cities
Pets and the city At the end of the recession, many major cities in the U.S. experienced a surge in population from the suburbs. This shift in population was due largely in part to revitalized downtown centers that drew in millennials, baby boomers, and immigrants with reduced crime, pedestrian friendly streets, and job growth. Adding to the unique pressures of city life are the realities of how taxing living in a city can be on a person. Multiple studies on the impact of city life have revealed that people living in a city are at a higher risk of developing schizophrenia. It should be noted that
People living in the city are at higher risk of developing schizophrenia
researchers are only beginning to understand this association and why it exists in the first place. A number of factors are at play that can contribute to this associated higher risk. According to an article published by Scientific America, factors include but are not limited to elements of social environment (like inequity or isolation), and physical stressors (like pollution and noise) that could explain how the city erodes well-being for people
who live there. Another factor at play is simply the idea that people with predisposition for mental health risks may be more inclined to move into the city. The studies that have been conducted so far focus primarily on adults. However, new results from recent studies indicate that exposure to urban environments early in life—such as being born in the city or growing up in the city, matter most because the subject is in a sensitive part of their life. Early results from an analysis conducted out of the King's College London revealed that
sit, stay, speak Âť move
of the U.S. population lives in one of the many major U.S. cities.
Âť 27
children who grow up in the city nearly doubled the likelihood of psychotic symptoms at age 12. The biggest factors in this study were exposure to crime and a lack of a social support structure from neighbors and family units. With job creation growing in the center of many of the U.S. major cities, and the unavoidable exposure to city related factors, one potential solution is to add a pet to the family to help mitigate some of the social and psychological impacts. The next decade will yield a new generation of workers in their early twenties and a new round of empty nesters that will find city life appealing. Most cities will accommodate job and population growth by creating small efficient housing. Finding an apartment that does not prohibit pets will present people with a great challenge in pet ownership.
America’s most pet friendly city COLORADO SPRINGS, CO Considering factors like park space, population, access to veterinary care and pet shops, Colorado Springs, CO constantly ranked high in all categories and is considered one of America’s most pet friendly cities.
sit, stay, speak » move
Population < 400,000
High volume of veterinary clinics Abundance of pet friendly shops
Dog population 61,000 High volume of parks
Cat population 54,000
Âť 29
shift shift shift A shift in human needs shape the future of pets
»To improve is to change; to be perfect is to change often.« — Winston Churchill
sit, stay, speak » shift
Winds of change » The only constant in life is change. This hold true for pets and their relationship with humans. As the human need shifts, so will the role pets play in our lives. While our animal companions play a strong role in our lives and » Over the next decade, populations will shift from suburbs family units, they will be adapted over the next decade to to cities. City life, like discussed in the previous chapter, will better suit the needs of the people, thanks greatly to technology raise the risk of mental health for adults and children. An that is in development. The traditional utilitarian part of animal companion can play a key part in fighting the isolating animal companions past will weave together with the more psychoeffect of a city, but many will be unable to keep a pet due logical roles they play today to usher in a new age of to strict rental policies or cost of maintenance. pet ownership. » As our population ages, the need for an animal companion will rise. In the fight against cognitive degeneration, a sense of need and responsibility can play a major role in slowing down the degeneration. Loneliness will also be a factor that an aging population will face as friends and social circles begin to thin.
» 33
sit, stay, speak » shift
6
robotic pets All the perks without the maintenance
sit, stay, speak Âť robotic pets
Pets of tomorrow
Robots parading around as pet substitutes is not a new concept. As technology continues to break the boundaries of our imagination, these pet substitutes will become sophisticated, intelligent, and indistinguishable companions. Looking back on pet substitutes, tamagachis allowed users to experience the challenge of taking care of something in a compact case. Unfortunately it lacked the aesthetic and functional qualities of current pets. Today we see examples getting closer to the future idea of a robotic pet. Paro is a harp seal robot which sells for $6,000 and is marketed as
No need to walk, feed,
a companion and not a toy. Robotic companions like Paro provide emotional support
or arrange
for the user. The robotic pets
for care.
similar function as compan-
of tomorrow will serve a ions and emotional support, but they will also integrate
AI that allows them to think and react to their user and environment much like our pets today. Hasbro released a product on the market, called Joy for All cats, that is targeted towards seniors and induces a sense of calm and happiness by interacting with it. One major benefit of future robotic pets will be the lower maintenance. No need to walk, feed, or arrange for care. There will also be no issues with allergies or pet restrictions which will benefit people living in the city to have pets without getting the real thing.
Âť 39
ve found t when you ÂťI have when you troubled, found oubled, re are things when u are get things from are tro get fromdethe silent there a devoted ed things panionmpanionship I have foun ÂťI have f have that whe found you are tro are trou that ed, there ar there ar when ings you g you get you om the sile silent de are devote compani trousit, stay, speak Âť robotic pets
e »I have found that when you d that are troubled, syou there are things you get from the silent devoted oubled, companionship a dog that you areofcan get from no other source.« s you b t f
— Doris Day
»An animal’s eyes have the power to speak a great language.« — Martin Buber
7
fusion fusion Enhancing our pets with technology
Speak
Trans humanism is a movement and a way of thinking about the future that is based on the premise that the human species, in our current form, is not at the end of our biological development, but rather a comparatively early phase. This movement believes that technology will be used to push biological potential. The future of pets is not limited
Con Slobodchikoff is a professor
to robotic forms of animals we
at Northern Arizona University.
love. Just as the trans humanist
Slobodchikoff is an animal
movement represents the
behaviorist and researcher who
future development of humans,
has focused the last 30 years
a trans animalist future will
decoding animal communica-
focus on enhancing our pets
tion. His work has revealed the
beyond their biological limits
complexity of animal language
with the use of technology in
and the possibility of unlocking
development today.
it to aide communication. He has studied the complex language structure of prairie dogs and has been able to decode many noises and verbal signals they use to identify potential predators.
sit, stay, speak Âť fusion
It is not difficult to imagine, with the available technology that we have today, that in the future, we will be able to communicate with our pets. In the near future we will see basic levels of communication between humans and pets. Looking even further into the future, we will be able to unlock the neural pathways of our pets for even greater learning and communication potential. Animal companions which can communicate will have many practical applications. For example, an animal companion may be able to hold a conversation with an elderly companion, challenging them throughout the day to keep
In the near future we will see basic levels of communication between humans and pets.
them mentally active. That
Animals which have the ability
humans to work together to
same companion animal may
to communicate can also clearly
rehabilitate shelter animals.
be able to relay important
communicate their own needs
The animal with the ability to
information about their elderly
to their family. This could poten-
communicate could serve as a
companion to the family that
tially lead to better preventative
mediator between the shelter
cares for them.
healthcare for animals and more
animal and people. This could
effective solutions that stem
result in animals recovering
from information the animal can
from abusive homes quickly
provide to the doctor.
and understanding the animals
One positive potential of animals being able to communicate in our own language is the possibility for animals and
personality to better place them with a forever family.
Âť 45
Âť Pets could start to form unique opinions divergent from our own. sit, stay, speak Âť fusion
Âť 47
Pets that communicate may also be able to help young children develop their self confidence and conversation skills at a young age. The positive social interaction and involvement of another caring member of the family will raise the quality of home life for the animal as well as humans. Looking even further into the future, if we can decode the language of our animals and begin to have conversations with them, encourage them to learn beyond what they could before, it's reasonable to think that pets may eventually be able to read. Although the idea of using neural prosthetics to enhance an animals cognitive abilities is still out of reach, the technology will eventually be developed and combined with what we know about animal language structures today. Pets could eventually start to form unique opinions divergent from our own. They could potentially offer us insight into animal behavior that helps us understand them better and form even stronger relationships. The key to unlocking this next level of intellectual curiosity will simply be unlocking each animals unique language and using technology to help begin our first conversations with pets.
8
»Gratitude makes sense of our past, brings peace for today, and creates a vision for tomorrow.«
— Melody Beattie
forever pets Having more time with your companion
Âť Imagine never having to say goodbye to an old friend. To be able to grow old with your animal companion.
Weird science
Âť 51
Last year a team of doctors in
The wide spread application
Scientists use electricity to zap
Johannesburg, South Africa
of such surgery is also limited
the cell which then causes the
performed the world's first brain
to those who could afford
cell to divide and multiply. The
transplant on a patient who
the surgery and find a donor.
resulting cells are identical to
was diagnosed with terminal
Advancements in cloning and
that of the donor.
bone cancer. Although this is
stem cells is a less invasive op-
still a very controversial area of
tion in the future.
medical science, the implica-
As technology advances and becomes more prevalent, own-
Recently scientists have been
ers will be able to have adult
able to use cloning techniques
cells collected from their pets
to reproduce stem cells from
with the purpose of cloning
adults. These stem cells can
the cells and extending the life
be used to develop cures for
of their pet. These cells will
a whole host of ailments and
help with natural effects of aging,
diseases. According to an
cancers, and any number of
The idea of transplanting the
article published in the Wash-
natural medical issues that
brain of one's animal compan-
ington Post, the technique
present themselves over the
ion may sound extreme to some.
that was used involves taking
course of an animals life.
tions for people and animals is the possibility to move a brain to another body. This is one potential future for owners who want to spare their pets from death.
an egg cell and replacing the DNA with adult doner cells.
cmd + c
sit, stay, speak Âť forever pets
Âť 53
Dr. Paul Knoepfler is an associate professor at UC Davis California who studies stem cells. He called the new research, "exciting, important, and technically convincing. In theory you could use those stem cells to produce almost any kind of cell and give it back to a person as a therapy." In addition to creating stem cells to use in treatment therapies, there are other implications of the potential for this research. These same cells are at an initial embryonic state which means that the potential exists to clone our pets again and again. The future of pets will be one where we never have to say goodbye and we never have to suffer the loss or the problems of
cmd + v
finding a new pet. This also has the potential to reduce puppy mill activities and overflow of unwanted pets in animal shelters.
sit, stay, speak » summary
Looking towards the future Animal companions have created unique relationships with their human counterparts. At first, it was the shared experience of survival that later evolved into something much more emotionally supportive. The future of our pets will be defined by our needs and forged by technological and scientific advances that we experience now and over the next decade. Just as those who believe humans are only at the beginning of our own biological evolution,
The future
so are the pets that we hold dear. In the same way
of pets will
that we have welcomed
run parallel
and family units, we will
to our own.
the future to push the
pets into our lives, home, take steps together into limits of what is possible.
Âť 55
index A
American Pet Products
Canid
D
Depression
11
22, 23
Cave paintings
Domesticated
Anatole France
11
8, 11
18
Children
Doris Day
21
41
Association 14
Anxiety 21 B
C
Baby boomers 15
City life
Cognitive degeneration
Cognitive stimulation 22 Companion animals 20
Elderly and companion animals 22
26
22
sit, stay, speak Âť
E
H
Human need 33
K
King's College London
N
26 M
Martin Buber
National Pet Owners Survey
P
42
Pet friendly city 28 Psychological health benefits
Melody Beattie
22
48 R Mental health risks
Role pets play 20
26 S Millennials
U
Scientific America 26
15 Surge in population 26 Symbiotic relationship 8
Utilitarian relationship 11
14 W
Winston Churchill 32 Wolves 8
Âť 57
sources content credits Quotes »» https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/topics/topic_change.html Chapter 1 »» http://loe.org/shows/segments. html?programID=15-P1300015&segmentID=4 »» http://www.americanpetproducts.org/ press_industrytrends.asp
soon-have-devices-that-let-us-talk-withour-pets/276532/ »» http://www.learning-mind.com/ neuroscience-reveals-the-secrets-tounlocking-your-brains-potential/ »» http://www.bbc.com/future/ story/20141001-why-supersmart-animals-are-coming Chapter 8 »» http://newsexaminer.net/health/ worlds-first-head-transplant-asuccess/#comments
Chapter 2 »» http://www.iii.org/fact-statistic/ pet-statistics Chapter 3 »» http://center4research.org/healthy-livingprevention/pets-and-health-the-impact-ofcompanion-animals/ »» http://petsfortheelderly.org/articles.html Chapter 4 »» http://www.wsj.com/articles/populationsurge-in-cities-eases-as-jobs-shift-andsuburbs-call-1463630461 »» Kwon, Diana. "Does City Life Pose a Risk to Mental Health?" Scientific America Sept.Oct. 2016: 13. Web. »» http://www.forbes.com/2007/10/10/petscolorado-economics-biz-cx_tvr_1010 pets.html Chapter 6 »» http://qz.com/729060/our-weird-future-ofloving-robotic-pets/ Chapter 7 »» http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/ archive/2013/06/animal-behaviorist-well-
sit, stay, speak »
photo credits Cover »» http://cdn2-www.dogtime.com/assets/ uploads/2011/01/file_23020_dachshunddog-breed.jpg »» http://permachargerstore.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Image-3-iPhoneCharging-via-Wall-Adapter.jpg Title page »» http://cdn1.bigcommerce.com/ server3400/72ba2/images/stencil/original/products/29/1199/WACKYwalkr_ leash_orange__77408.1470703534. jpg?c=2 Credit page »» http://i.huffpost.com/gen/3754046/ original.jpg Chapter 1 »» http://loe.org/shows/segments.html?programID=15-P1300015&segmentID=4
»» http://animal-dream.com/data_images/ wolf/wolf6.jpg »» http://www.scienceagogo.com/news/ img/cave_art_dog.jpg Chapter 2 »» http://www.warrenphotographic.co.uk/ photography/bigs/38639-PlayfulDalmatian-dog-standing-on-hind-legswhite-background.jpg Chapter 3 »» https://s-media-cache-ak0. pinimg.com/564x/30/31/ a7/3031a7751f98ed7dda386b0c7 »» http://www.bdcwire.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/GettyImages-486675953.jpg 911c495.jpg Chapter 4 »» http://s160.photobucket.com/user/ hotlyts24/media/fb-covers/citylines/cities24.jpg.html »» https://d1hw6n3yxknhky.cloudfront. net/012261685_prevstill.jpeg »» https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon. com/images/I/41Kb67ZCC9L.jpg »» https://slpinheiro.files.wordpress. com/2010/10/dog-park.jpg »» http://stories.barkpost.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/81lRuykNgcL._ SL1500_.jpg »» https://static.pexels.com/photos/13869/a97c4a1614b53d6f5 5ae2464b06ba6aa.jpg »» https://www.royalcanin.com/~/media/ Royal-Canin/Product-Categories/catsenior-landing-hero.ashx
Chapter 5 »» http://media.istockphoto.com/ photos/isolated-yellow-tennis-ballon-white-picture-id160179174?k= 6&m=160179174&s=170667a&w=0 &h=9G-gyMZsYnVYmZkIylv4WGg6b0ZEX3S5aXoGzlcDnsM= »» http://www.formaeva.com/wpcontent/uploads/2016/03/AdobeStock_101130316.jpeg Chapter 6 »» http://media1.fdncms.com/metrotimes/ imager/local-dog-trainers-want-toshare-some-fact/u/original/2321909/ shutterstock_139055582.jpg Chapter 7 »» http://iwallhd.com/stock/cat-in-thelight-cool-eye-hd-wallpaper.jpg »» http://s10.favim.com/orig/160406/ white-cat-reading-cat-reading-bookFavim.com-4174110.jpeg »» https://cdn.theatlantic.com/assets/ media/img/mt/2016/03/WTPD_Barking/ lead_960.jpg?1458561925 Chapter 8 »» http://mimesislaw.com/wp-content/ uploads/2016/09/DNA.jpg »» https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg. com/originals/b8/29/89/b82989ab636b942a31454a9dc5d94bc6.jpg Closing »» http://i.huffpost.com/gen/1725475/ images/o-WOMAN-LOOKING-AT-HERWRINKLES-facebook.jpg »» http://www.goodwp.com/images/201108/goodwp.com_19433.jpg
» 59