Burmese Bible by MediaServe

THE HOLY BIBLE CONTAINING THE

OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS TRANSLATED INTO THE BURMESE FROM THE ORIGINAL TONGUES

By Rev. A. Judson, D.D.

a[A ) J ၊? a[voygVdawmfrS? r ] efrmbmomtm; z ] ifÙ qRm,k'\ef teufy ] efI yHkMSdyfaom

"r^a[mif;usrf;MSifÙ "r^opfusrf; wnf;[laom

xm~RbkRm; .

or^musrf;

THE HOLY BIBLE Translated into Burmese from the original tongues by Rev. A. Judson, D.D. Cover design and typesetting, copyright ÂŠ 2015 MediaServe All rights reserved This edition first published 2015 ISBN 978-1-906389-44-4 Printed in China for MediaServe www.mediaserve.org

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uefhowfxm; c ] if; r[kwfyg/ xm~RbkRm; .or^musrf;pmz ] pfI xm~RbkRm; tau j mif; odvdkol? xm~RbkRm; tm; udk;uG,fqnf;uyfvdkolwdkif;twGuf z ] pfygonf/ txl;oz ] ifÙ xm~Roabm aqmifaomu„Mfkyfwdkh.~dnmOfaR;udk trSefwu,f odvdkolrsm; twGuf z ] pfygonf/ u„Mfkyfwdkh.×kyfcM>monf ocFgR z ] pfonf/ ~dnmOfrlum; xm~Rz ] pfygonf/ Oyrm -– u„Mfkyf wdkh .udk ,f cM>mtpd wf tydk if;udk tc„ ef wpf ck z ] iÙf xkd ;rd ygu vl wdk if; emus if pGmcH pm; Ry ) D ;? yg; pyf rS vnf; emvdkufwm? aoygy ) D-p - onfz ] iÙf toHrsm; xGufvmygrnf/ Todkhwkefhy ] efrÈudk wu,fwrf; qef;ppfygu u„Mfkyfwdkh.~dnmOfu wkefhy ] efc ] if;om z ] pfygonf/ u„Mfkyfwdkh aoolrsm; udk tc„efz ] ifÙ xdk;c ] if;? emusifatmif rnfodkhvkyfvkyf wkefhy ] efrÈ? wkefhy ] efoH xGufvmrnf r[kwfyg/ cHpm; RrÈu ~dnmOf RSdaeIomz ] pfy ) D ;? ~dnmOfrRSdygu rnfonfhwkefhy ] efrÈrS rRSdvmMdkifyg/ xdkhau j mifÙ u„Mfkyfwdkh. taR;ygtRmaRmufqHk;aom ~dnmOfaR;qdkifRmudk *CEeodvdkygu or^musrf;pmwGif RSmazG awG¸ RSd Mdk if ygonf / ×k yf cM>mtwG uf tpmpm; I touf RS if ovdk ? ~d nmOf twG uf tpmvdk tyf yg onf/ ~dnmOftpmtz ] pf or^musrf;pmudkpm; rS £zwf×Èvdkufemygu¤ ~dnmOftoufRSifMdkifygrnf/ ocifa,×Èu ¨vlonf rkefhtm; z ] ifÙom toufarG;Rrnfr[kwf/ bkRm; ocif rdefhawmfrlorsS £us rf;pmRSd orsS onf bk Rm; ocif rÈ wf oG if;awmf rl Rmz ] pf onf ¤ tm; z ] ifÙ touf arG;Rrnf [k rdefhawmfrlcJÙygonf/ ,ck u„Mfkyfwdkhvuf~,fRSdaeaom r ] efrmbmomz ] ifÙ aR;om; xm; aom or^musrf;pmonf t*F vd yf bmomrS r ] ef rmbmomodkh y ] ef xm; c ] if;r[k wf bJ ? *Rd MS ifÙ a[A ) J rl Rif;bmomwdkh rS qRm,k'\ef wdkuf×kd ufbmomy ] efqdkxm; aom usrf;pmtkyf z ] pfygonf/ or^musrf;pmawmfr ] wfwGif "r^a[mif;usrf; £39¤usrf;MSifÙ "r^opfusrf; £27¤usrf;? pkpkaygif; £66¤usrf; yg0ifygonf/ T 66 usrf;udk MSpfaygif; 1600 twGif;wGif bkRifrsm; ? wRm; olu ( D ;rsm; ? yaRmzufrsm; £xm~RbkRm; rdefhawmfrlorsSMSifÙ azmfy ] awmfrlaomtRmrsm; udkvltr s m; tm; y ] efvnf ay ] my ] ol rsm; ¤ ynmwwf rsm; ? qRm~ef rsm; ? wH igonf rsm; ? wref awmf rsm; ? wynfÙ awmf rsm; tygt~ဍif yk*¬dKvf £36-`40¤cefhu aR;om; cJÙu j ygonf/ or^musrf;pmudk yxrOD;qHk; aR;om; ol aoqHk;y ) D ;? MSpfaygif; £1450¤ u j my ) D ;rS aemufqHk; aR;om; oludk arG;zGm; cJhygonf/ or^musrf;pm.xl;c ] m; qef;us,faom tcsufwpfckrSm aexdkifRma'o? tcsdefumv? bmom pum; ? ynm tRnftcsif;? ,Ofaus;rÈ? MdkifiHaR;? pD;yGm; aR;? vlrÈaR; -Ë Ë Ë ponfÙ tac ] cHrsm; rwl uGJ y ] m; a omf i ] m; vnf; OD;wnf cs uf wpf ck udk wl nD pGm Rnf RG ,f cs uf wpf ck ? yef;wdk if wpf ck udk oabmwlpGm OD;wnfI aR;om; cJÙc ] if; z ] pfonf/

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MSpfaygif;u j maomf yaRmzufrdu†mu xdkocifonf ,k'y ] nfAufvifr » dh wGif arG;zGm; vmrnf[k xyfqifÙI ¨tdk Auf vif {zRwf r » dh ? tpdk;Raom ,k 'r » dh wdkh wG if oif onf r » hd i,f r » dh ,k wf z ] pf aomf vnf; $oaRvtr s d K;udk tkyfpdk;Raomocifonf ightbdkh oif.txJrSm ay:xGef;vwHh/ xdkocif onf aRS;uyfurBmrSpI ay:xGef;aomocif z ] pf./© £rdu†m 5;2¤ wGif z ] nfÙqnf;azmfy ] cJÙRm

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vii

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cJhygonf/ wpf ck wnf;aom z ] pf Mdk if ac ] rSm xdk vl aygif; 40 wdkh .rwl nD aom MS pf tydk if;tc ] m; umvrsm; ? rwl nD aom bmompum; rsm; RSd i ] m; vnf; xdk ol wdkh .umvtcsd ef MS ifÙ bmompum; tm; z ] ifÙ ol wdkh tm; ay ] mqdk Mdk if aom yk *¬dKvf wpf OD;u n… ef u j m; ay ] mqdk cJÙ Iom xdk umv? bmompum; c ] m; em; aomfvnf; tau j mif;tRmwpfck? OD;wnfcsufwpfckudk y ] nfÙpHkapcJÙonf[k rSwf,lMdkifyg onf/ TtHhbG,faumif;vSaomusrf;pm ay:xGufvmc ] if;onf xm~RbkRm; ocif. rdefhawmfrl aomMÈwfuywfawmfau j mifÙom z ] pfMdkifayonf/ wref awmf u ( D ;RS if ayw×k u ¨tau j mif;rl um; ? tem*w W d pum; o nf vlÑ tvdk tm; z ] ifÙ z ] pfbl;onfr[kwf? bkRm; ocif.oefhRSif;olwdkhonf oefhRSif;aom~dnmOfawmf.wdkufwGef; awmfrlc ] if;udkcHRI a[may ] mu j ./© £2ay 1;21¤

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xyfrH twnfy _ xm; ygonf/

odyµHynmu tRmtm; vHk; rnfuJÙodkh z ] pfonfudk pdwf~ifwpm; avhvmpl;prf;aom bmomRyf z ] pfaomfvnf; or^musrf;pmurl z ] pfysufcJÙaom tau j mif;tRmtm; vHk; tb,fau j mifÙ z ] pfysuf cJÙonfudk azmfy ] ygonf/ ordk if;Y z ] pf ys uf cJÙ onfÙ tau j mif;tRmr s d K;pHk udk or^mus rf;pmxJ Y awG¸ Raomf vnf; or^musrf;pmonf ordkif;oufoufr[kwfbJ? ordkif;.tRSif xm~RbkRm; ociftau j mif;MSifÙ xm~RbkRm; ocifonf ordkif;Y rnfodkhyg~ifvÈyfRSm; aeau j mif;udkyg azmfy ] xm; ygonf/

viii

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xii

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xiii

¨udk ,f OmEf MS ifÙ rod Mdk if aom cRpf awmf .arw W mawmf udk od em; vnf c ] if;iSg4if;? oif wdkh onf wwf pG rf;Mdk if oz ] ifÙ bk Rm; ocif .y ] nfÙ pHk awmf rl c ] if; RSd orsS MS ifÙ tnD y ] nfÙ pHk u j ygrnf tau j mif; igonf qkawmif;avhRSd./© £{ 3;19¤

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*wdxm; awmfrlonfÙtwdkif; u,fwifRef u = G vmawmfrlonf/ ¨om; a,mufsm; udk bGm; r ] ifvdrfÙrnf/ xdkom; onf rdrdvlwdkhudk ty ] pfrS u,fc„wfrnfÙol z ] pf aomau j mifÙ a,×È[laomtrnfz ] ifÙ rSnfÙRrnf[k aumif;uifwrefqdk./© £r\J 1;21¤ ¨xdk ocif .emrawmf rS wyg; igwdkh udk u,f wif Mdk if aomemrwpHk wck rsS aumif;uif atmuf vlwdkhwGif ray:rRSd[k ayw×konf xdkolwdkhtm; r + G ufqdk./© £w 4;12¤ ¨xdkhaemuf xm~RtRSifbkRm; ocifonf ar ] rÈefhz ] ifÙ vludkzefqif;I? ol.MSmacgif;xJodkh ZD~ toufudk rÈwfawmfrlvsSif? vlonf toufRSifaomow W ~g z ] pfav./© £u 2;7¤

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pu j m~Vmxufwefzdk;RSdaom~dnmOfudkaR…aiG? tusifÙoDvMSifÙ ~,fI rRay/ ¨olwdkhtouf~dnmOf.aRG;Ref tbdk;u ( D ;vSay./ odkhz ] pfI tpOf×ÈH;vsuf aeRrnf© £qm 49;8¤ ¨rd pOf bquf us if vnf aom tcs nf;MSD; us ifÙ u ( Hy _ rl c ] if;rS ? aR… aiG tpRSd aom azmuf y ] ef ysufpD;wwfaomOpPmMSifÙ oifwdkhudk aRG;awmfrlonfr[kwf© £1ay 1;18¤

xiv

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xvi

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xvii

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xviii

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~wf

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100

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awm

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130

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wRm;

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175

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215

olu ( D;

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

240

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

266

a,m×ÈrSwfpm

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

wRm; olu ( D ;rSwfpm ×ko~w ’ K

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

"r^RmZ~ifyXrapmif

1 Rm

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

269

2 Rm

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

305

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

3 Rm

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

334

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

4 Rm

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

368

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

5 Rm

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

399

6 Rm

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

429

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

465

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

476

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

490

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

"r^RmZ~if'kwd,apmif

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

"r^RmZ~ifwwd,apmif "r^RmZ~ifpwkw ’ apmif RmZ~ifc s KyfyXrapmif

RmZ~ifc s Kyf'kwd,apmif {ZRrSwfpm

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

ae[rdrSwfpm

×k

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

{owm~w ’ K

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

a,mb~w ’ K

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

a,mb

qmvHusrf; okw W H usrf;

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

a'oemusrf;

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

aRSmvrkefoDcsif;

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

a[RSm,tem*w W d usrf;

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

498

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

527

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

608

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

633

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

a[RSm

642

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

647

a,Rrdtem*w W d usrf;

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

705

a,Rrdr ] nfwrf;pum;

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

r ] nf

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

767

a,Zausvtem*w W d usrf; 'Ha,vtem*w W d usrf;

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

a,Z

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

773

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

825

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

a[maRStem*w W d usrf;

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

a[m

a,mvtem*w W d usrf;

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

a,mv

tmrkwftem*w W d usrf;

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

854

o j

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

860

o j A'dAsm'dwf×lyg×kH a,me~w ’ K

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

a,me

rdu†mtem*w W d usrf;

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

em[Hktem*w W d usrf;

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

[Au U Kwftem*w W d usrf; aZzedtem*w W d usrf; [*¬Jtem*w W d usrf;

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

ZmcRdtem*w W d usrf;

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

rmvcdtem*w W d usrf;

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

[A aZ

861 864 869 871

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

874

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

876

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

878

[*¬J Zm

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

842 850

rmv

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

888

2 - 3

urBmOD;usrf;- 1〺1

urBmOD;usrf;- 1〺24

urBmOD;usrf; 2

3 4 5

6 7

9 10

urBm.tp

tptOD;YbkRm; ocifonfaumif;uifMSiÙf ar ] u ( D ;udkzefqif;awmfrl./àr ] u ( D ;onf tqif;oE Œ mefrRSd?vGwfvyfv[mz ] pf./ eufeJRmtRyfudkarSmifrdkufzHk;v…rf;IbkRm; ocif .~dnmOfawmfonfaRrsufMSmy ] ifay:rSmvÈyfRSm; awmfrl./ bkRm; ocifuvnf;?tvif;z ] pfap[ktrdefh a wmf RSd I t v if; z ] pf a v . / ` xdk t v if; aumif;onf udk bk Rm; o c if r ] if I ? tv if;MS iÙf arSmifrdkufudkydkif;c ] m; cGJxm; awmfrl./`tvif;udk aeh [l a om tr nf z ] iÙf ž if;? arSmif rdk uf udk nOfÙ [l aomt r nf z ] iÙf ž if;?ac:a ~:o rk wf a wmf rl I ? nOD;MSiÙfeHeufonfyXraehRufz ] pfav./ wz ef bk Rm; o c if u ? aRt v ,f Y rdk Cf; rs uf MSmu j uf z ] pf a p?aRMS iÙf a Rcs if;c ] m; em; a p[k t rd efh a wmf RSd o z ] iÙf ? ` rdk Cf; rs uf MSm u j uf udk bkRm; ocifzefqif;awmfrlI?rdkCf;rsufMSmu j uf atmufYRSdaomaRMSiÙf?rdkCf;rsufMSmu j uftay:Y RSdaomaRudkydkif;c ] m; awmfrlonftwdkif;z ] pfav ./`rdkCf;rsufMSmu j ufudkvnf;rdkCf;aumif;uif [laomtrnfz ] iÙfbkRm; ocifac:a~:orkwfawmf rlI?nOD;MSiÙfeHeufonf'kwd,aehRufz ] pfav./ w z ef bk Rm; o c if u ? rdk Cf; a um if; u if atmuf Y RSd a oma R pk a ~;a p? uk ef;a y:a p[k trdefhawmfRSdonftwdkif;z ] pfav./ùkef;udkar ] [l a omt r nf z ] iÙf ž if;?aRpk a ~;Rmudk yif v ,f [laomtrnfz ] iÙfžif;?bkRm; ocifac:a~:orkwf awmf rl I ? xdk t rÈ t Rma umif;o nf udk bk Rm; ocifr ] ifawmfrl./ wzefbkRm; ocifu?ar ] onfr ] ufyifudkžif;? pyg; oD;udk z ] pf a pa ompyg; y if udk ž if;?ar ] ay:rSm r s d K;apÙygvsufopfoD;r s d K;udkz ] pfapaomopfyifudk žif;?ayguf a p[k trd efh a wmf RSd o nf t wdk if;z ] pf av./àr ] onfr ] ufyifudkžif;?pyg; oD;r s d K;udk z ] pf a pa om pyg; y if udk ž if; rd rd Y r s d K;a pÙ ygvs uf opfoD;r s d K;udkz ] pfapaomopfyifudkžif;aygufap

./`xdk t rÈ t Rma umif;o nf udk bk Rm; o c if13 r ] ifawmfrlI?nOD;MSiÙfeHeufonfwwd,aehRuf z ] pfav./ wzefbkRm; ocifu?aehMSiÙfnOfÙudkydkif;c ] m; ap14 c ] if;iSgrdkCf;aumif;uifrsufMSmu j ufYtvif;tdrf wnf a p?ed rd wf v u† Em?csd ef;cs uf a omt csd ef ? aehRuftydkif;tc ] m; ?MSpftydkif;tc ] m; bdkhz ] pfap/` rdk Cf;a umif;u if rs uf MSmu j uf Y w nf I ar ] u ( D ;15 vif;pRmtvif;tdrfz ] pfap[k?trdefhawmfRSdonf twdkif;z ] pfav./ xdkodkhbkRm; ocifonftvif;tdrfu ( D ;MSpfvHk;16 wnf;[laom?aehudktkyfpdk;Raomtu ( D ;wvHk;? n OfÙ udk tk yf pdk; R a om t i ,f w vHk; MS iÙf w uG u j ,f rsm; wdkh udk zef q if;a wmf rl y ) D ;vsSif ?`ar ] u ( D ;17 Yvif;a pc ] if;iSgž if;? aeh MS iÙf n OfÙ udk tk yf pdk;I?` tvif;MSiÙfarSmifrdkufudkydkif;c ] m; apc ] if;iSgžif;?rdkCf;18 aumif;uifrsufMSmu j ufYbkRm; ocifxm; awmf rl./xdktrÈtRmaumif;onfudkbkRm; ocifr ] if awmf rl I ?`nOD;MS iÙf eH e uf o nf pwk w ’ a eh R uf19 z ] pfav./ wz ef bk Rm; o c if u ?to uf RS if I vÈ yf RSm; 20 wwf a omwd R pQmef wdkh udk aRo nf rsm; y ] m; pGm a rG; bGm; a p / iS uf wdkh v nf; a r ] a y: rdk Cf; aumif;uif rs uf MSmu j uf y ] if ~ ,f ysH a p[k trd efh awmf RSd . /`xdk odkh vsS if aRo nf wd R pQmef t r s d K;21 tvdk uf rsm; y ] m; pGmarG;bGm; I ?ig; u ( D ;t p RSd a om toufRSifIvÈyfRSm; wwfaomwdR pQmeftaygif; wdkh udk ž if;?ysH w wf a omiS uf r s d K;t aygif;wdkh udk ž if; bkRm; ocifzefqif;I?xdktrÈtRmaumif;onf udkr ] ifawmfrl./`bkRm; ocifuvnf;?rsm; y ] m; pGm22 arG;bGm; u j a vmÙ /yif v ,f a Rrsm; udk y ] nfÙ a pu j avmÙ/iSufwdkhvnf;ar ] ay:Yrsm; y ] m; apownf; [k xdk wd R pQmef wdkh udk aumif;u ( D ;a y;a wmf rl I ?` 23 nOD;MSiÙfeHeufonfyOၬraehRufz ] pfav./ wz ef bk Rm; o c if u ?ar ] o nf to uf RS if24 aomow Ö ~gr s d K;wnf;[laomom; ,Ofwdkhudkžif;? wGm; wwfaomwdR pQmefwdkhudkžif;?om; RJr s d K;wdkhudk

urBmOD;usrf;- 1〺25

4 - 5

žif;?arG;bGm; ap[ktrdefhawmfRSdonftwdkif;z ] pf a v . / ` xdk odkh bk Rm; o c if o nf om; RJ r s d K; ? om; ,Ofr s d K;?ar ] ay:rSmwGm; wwfaomwdRpQmefr s d K; ta ygif;wdkh udk zef q if;I ?xdk t rÈ t Rm aumif; onfudkr ] ifawmfrl./ wzefbkRm; ocifu?igwdkhyHkoE Œ mefMSiÙfwnD wo E Œ mef w nf;vl udk zef q if;u j pdkh /ol o nf yifv,fig; wdkhudkžif;?rdkCf;aumif;uifiSufwdkhudk žif;?om; ,Ofwdkhudkžif;?ar ] wy ] ifvHk;MSiÙfwuG?ar ] ay:rSmwGm; wwfaomwdR pQmeftaygif;wdkhudkžif;? tkyfpdk;ap[ktrdefhawmfRSd./`xdkodkhbkRm; ocif onfrdrdyHkoE Œ mefMSiÙftnDvludkzefqif;awmfrl . / bk Rm; o c if . yHk o E Œ m ef a wmf MS iÙf t nD vla,mufsm; ?vlrdef;rudkzefqif;y ) D ;vsSif?`tcsif; wdkh?rsm; y ] m; pGmarG;bGm; u j avmÙ/ar ] u ( D ;udky ] nfÙ apI Mdk if u j a vmÙ / yif v,f ig; wdkh udk ž if;? rdk Cf; aumif;uifiSufwdkhudkžif;?toufRSifIar ] ay:rSm vÈ yf RSm; w wf a om wd R pQmef t aygif;wdkh udk ž if; tk yf pdk; u j a vmÙ [k rd efh a wmf rl I ? ol wdkh udk aumif;u ( D ;ay;awmfrl./ bkRm; ocifuvnf;?u j nfÙ×ÈavmÙ/ar ] wy ] if vHk;Ypyg; oD;udkz ] pfapaompyg; yiftr s d K;r s d K;wdkhudk žif;?r s d K;a pÙ udk z ] pf a pa omtoD;MS iÙf y ] nfÙ pHk a om opfyiftr s d K;r s d K;wdkhudkžif;?oifwdkhpm; pRmbdkhigay; ./`ar ] om; ?rdkCf;aumif;uifiSuf?toufRSifI ar ] ay:rSmwGm; wwfaomwdR pQmefr s d K;taygif;wdkh pm; p Rmbdkh ?r ] uf y if t r s d K;r s d K;wdkh udk iga y;r nf [k rdefhawmfrlonftwdkif;z ] pfav./`bkRm; ocif onf rd rd z ef q if;o rsS a omt Rmwdkh udk u j nÙf ×È vsSif?tvGefaumif;onfudkr ] ifawmfrlI?nOD;MSiÙf eHeufonfqXraehRufz ] pfav./ xdkodkhaumif;uifar ] u ( D ;MSiÙfwuG?cyfodrf; aomwefqmwdkhonfy ) D ;pD;vsufRSdu j ./` ow Ö r a eh R uf a Rmuf vsS if ? bk Rm; o cif onfzefqif;aomtrÈudkvufpowfawmfrlcJÙy ) D ; onf z ] pf I ?zef q if;o rsS a omt rÈ t Rmwdkh o nf y ) D ;pD;y ) D ;rS?xdkow Ö raehYi ) d rf~yfpGmaeawmfrl./` xdkow Ö raehudkbkRm; ocifonfaumif;u ( D ;ay; IoefhRSif;apawmfrl./tau j mif;rlum; ?zefqif; y _ y ] ifawmfrlaomtrÈtRmtvHk;pHkwdkhonfy ) D ;pD; aomau j miÙf?xdkaehRufYi ) d rf~yfpGmaeawmfrl./

urBmOD;usrf;- 2〺18

onf aumif;u if MS iÙf ar ] u ( D ;udk zef qif;a wmf rl aoma eh ? zef q if;Rmumv Y aumif;u if MS iÙf ar ] u ( D ;.rlvtw ’ Kyµw Ö d aywnf;/`ar ] Yv,f,m5 y s d K;y if r a yguf rSD ? v,f ,mY pyg; y if r u ( D ;yGg; rSD ? tyif RSd o rsS wdkh udk zef q if;a wmf rl . / xdk t cg xm~Rt RS if bk Rm; o c if o nf ar ] a y:Y rdk Cf;udk RGmapawmfrrlao;/ar ] Yvkyfaomvlvnf;rRSd ao;onfz ] pfI?`ar ] rStcdk;taiGËxGufoz ] iÙfar ] 6 wy ] ifvHk;udkpdkapav./ xdk a emuf ? xm~ R t RS if bk Rm; o c if o nf7 ar ] rÈefhz ] iÙfvludkzefqif;I?ol.MSmacgif;xJodkhZD~ toufudkrÈwfawmfrlvsSif?vlonftoufRSif aomow Ö ~gz ] pfav./ xm~ R t RS if bk Rm; o c if o nf v nf; ta RS¶8 rs uf MSm?{' if t R yf Y O,smOf udk pdk uf y s d K;y ) D ;vsS if ? zef qif;a wmf rl a omvl udk xdk O ,smOf Y aeRmcs awmf rl . /`xdk a r ] xJ u tq if;vS I ?pm; bG ,f9 aumif;aomtyiftr s d K;r s d K;udkxm~RtRSifbkRm; oc if ayguf a pa wmf rl . /xdk O ,smOf t v ,f Y toufyifvnf;RSd./aumif;raumif;udkodu„rf; Rmtyifvnf;RSd./ xdk O ,smOf udk pdk a pvdk a omiSgr ] pf w r ] pf o nf10 {'if t R yf xJ u pD;xG uf o z ] iÙf ? O,smOf y ] if rSm av;z ] muGJIr ] pfrav;oG,fz ] pfav./`yXrr ] pf11 um; zd ×È ef t r nf RSd . / xdk r ] pf o nf aR… RSd a om [m~dvy ] nfem; waRSmufvHk;udkpD;oGm; av./` xdky ] nfrSz ] pfaomaR…onfaumif;vS./Aa"v12 opfap;eSiÙfRS[Hausmufvnf;RSd./`'kwd,r ] pf13 um; *d[keftrnfRSd./xdkr ] pfonfukRSy ] nfem; waRSmufvHk;udkpD;oGm; av./`wwd,r ] pfum; 14 [d ' a uv t r nf RSd . /xdk r ] pf o nf tm×È Rd wdk if; taRS¶ odkh pD;oGm; a v. /pwk w ’ r ] pf um; Oz R wf trnfRSd./ xdktcgxm~RtRSifbkRm; ocifonfvludk,l15 I{'ifO,smOfudky _ pkapmiÙfaeapc ] if;iSgxm; awmf rl./`xm~RtRSifbkRm; ocifuvnf;?aumif;16 raumif;udkodu„rf;RmtyifrSwyg; ?xdkO,smOfY RSd orsS a omty if wdkh . t oD;udk oif o nf pm; R aomtcGiÙfRSd./`xdktyif.toD;udkum; rpm; R/17 pm; a oma eh wG if {u ef t rS ef a oRr nf [k vl udk ynwfxm; awmfrl./ xm~RtRSifbkRm; ocifuvnf;?a,mufsm; 18 tm'HMSifh{~ o nf w a ,m uf w nf; r a e a um if; ? ol MS iÙf Ttau j mif;tRmum; ?xm~RtRSifbkRm; ocif awmfaomtaxmuftrudkolÑbdkhigvkyfOD;rnf[k

urBmOD;usrf;- 2〺19 19

22 23

4 5

tu j H RSdawmfrl./`xm~RtRSifbkRm; ocifonf ar ] wdR pQmefwdkhMSiÙf?rdkCf;aumif;uifiSuftaygif; wdkh udk ar ] z ] iÙf zef q if;a wmf rl y ) D ;vsS if ? vl o nf tb,fodkhac:a~:orkwfrnfudkodc ] if;iSg?vlRSdRm odkhaqmifcJÙawmfrl./vlonfvnf;toufRSif aomo w Ö ~gt a ygif;wdkh udk ac:a ~:o rk wf o nf twdk if;?emr nf t oD;t oD;RSd u j . /`xdk odkh vl onfom; ,Oftaygif;wdkhudkžif;?rdkCf;aumif;uif iS uf t a ygif;wdkh udk ž if;?om; RJ t aygif;wdkh udk ž if;? trnfay;IrSnfÙav./odkhaomfvnf;vlMSiÙfawmf aomtaxmuftrray:rRSdao;/ xdk t cgxm~ R t RS if bk Rm; o c if o nf vl udk u ( D ;a omtd yf c ] if;z ] iÙf td yf a pa wmf rl I ?vl o nf tdyfaysmfpOf?eH×kd ;wacsmif;udkbkRm; ocifxkwfy ) D ; vsS if ?xdk t ×kd ;t pm; tom; udk apÙ p yf a pa wmf rl ./`xm~RtRSifbkRm; ocifonfvlxJuxkwf aomeH ×kd ;z ] iÙf vl rd ef;r udk zef q if;I vl RSd Rmodkh aqmifcJÙawmfrl./`vluvnf;?,ckTolonf ight×kd ;xJut×kd ;?ightom; xJutom; z ] pf./vl xJuxkwfaomau j miÙfolÑudkvlrdef;r[kac:a~: tyf o nf [k qdk a v. /`xdk t a u j mif;a u j miÙf a,mufsm; onfudk,frdbudkpGefhI?udk,fcifyGef;Y rSD ~J o z ] iÙf ?xdk ol wdkh o nf wom; w udk ,f w nf; z ] pf R vd rfÙ r nf /`xdk ol vif r ,m; MS pf OD;wdkh o nf t ~ wf r ~ wf bJ a e I ? RS uf a u j m uf c ] if; MS iÙf uif;vGwfu j ./

3 2

6 - 7

vlom; wdkhusqHk;c ] if;

ar + G onfxm~RtRSifbkRm; ocifzefqif; awmf rl a om ar ] wd R pQmef w umwdkh x uf vd r^mo nf z ] pf I ?rd ef;r tm; ?oif wdkh o nf O,smOfYRSdorsSaomtyifwdkh.toD;udkrpm; R[k {uefpifppfbkRm; ocifrdefhawmfrloavm[kar; ./`rdef;ruvnf;?igwdkhonfO,smOfYRSdaom tyifwdkh.toD;udkpm; RaomtcGiÙfRSd./`O,smOf tv ,f Y RSd a omt y if . t oD;ukd um; ?oif wdkh onfrudkifrpm; bJaeu j avmÙ/odkhr[kwfao rnf[kbkRm; ociftrdefhawmfRSdonf[kar + G tm; qdk . /`ar + G u v nf;?oif wdkh o nf {uef t rS ef aoRrnfr[kwf/`tau j mif;rlum; ?xdktoD;udk pm; a oma eh Y oif wdkh o nf rs uf pd yG iÙf vif;vs uf aumif;raumif;udkodI?bkRm; ocifuJÙodkhz ] pfu j vwHÙ o nf udk ? bk Rm; o cif od a wmf rl o nf [k rdef;rtm; qdk./`xdkt yifonfpm; bG,faumif;

urBmOD;usrf;- 3〺17

c ] if;?tqif;vnf;vSc ] if;?ynmwdk;yGg; apvdkaom iSg?MSpfoufbG,faomtyifz ] pfc ] if;udkrdef;ronf r ] ifvsSif?toD;udk,lIpm; ./rdrdcifyGef;tm; vnf; ay;Iolonfvnf;pm; ./`xdkolMSpfa,mufwdkh7 onfrsufpdyGiÙfvif;I?rdrdwdkhYt~wftcsnf;pnf; RSd o nf udk od r ] if vsS if ?rd rd wdkh ~ wf R ef bdkh oa bFm ozef;yiftRGufwdkhudkc s KyfpyfIcg; pnf;udkvkyfu j ./ ae{aomtcsdefwGif?xdkO,smOfYxm~RtRSif8 bkRm; ocifu = G awmfrlaomtoHudkvlvifr,m; wdkh o nf u j m; vsS if ? txH a wmf rS vG wf c ] if;iSg? O,smOf t y if wdkh wG if yk ef;uG ,f vs uf aeu j . /` xm ~ R t RS if bk Rm; o c if u v nf; ? o if o nf9 tb,frSmRSdoenf;[k?vludkac:awmfrl./`vl10 uvnf;?O,smOfYudk,fawmf.toHudku„efawmf u j m; vsS if ? t~ wf t cs nf;p nf; RSd a oma u j miÙf ? au j muf I yk ef;vs uf a eygo nf [k avsSmuf a v . / ` bk Rm; o c if u v nf; ? o if Y t ~ wf11 tcsnf;pnf;RSdonfudkoifhtm; tb,folay ] m oe nf;/rpm; R [k igy n wf a omt y if . t oD; udk pm; y ) D a vm[k ar;a wmf rl . /` vl u v nf;?12 u„ ef awmf Y tyf a y;a wmf rl a omrd ef;r o nf xdk tyif.toD;udkay;Iu„efawmfpm; rdygonf[k avsSmuf a v. /` xm~ R t RS if bk Rm; o cif u13 v nf; ? o if o nf t b ,f odkh y _ y ) D ; o e nf; [k rd ef;rtm; ar;a wmf rl vsS if ? rd ef;r u ? ar + G o nf u„efawmfrudkvSnfÙpm; I?u„efawmfronfpm; rd ygy ) D [kavsSmufav./ xm~ R t RS if bk Rm; o c if o nf ar + G udk a c:I14 oif o nf Tt rÈ udk y _ a oma u j miÙf ? om; , Of ? om; RJ t a ygif;wdkh x uf usd ef c ] if;udk cH R . /oif onf ~rf;z ] iÙf oGm; I ar ] rÈ efh udk wo uf vHk;pm; R rnf/`oifMSiÙfrdef;rudkžif;?oif.tr s d K;tMG,fMSiÙf15 rdef;r.tr s d K;tMG,fudkžif;?igonfRefi » d ;zGJËaprnf/ olonfoif.acgif;udku ( d wfvdrfÙrnf?oifonf ol.zaemiÙfudku ( d wfvdrfÙrnf[krdefhawmfrl./ rdef;rudkvnf;?oifYudk,f~efaqmifc ] if;a~'em16 udkigtvGefrsm; y ] m; aprnf/yifyef;pGma~'emudk cHIom; bGm; Rrnf/udk,fcifyGef;.tvdkodkhvdkuf I?ol.tkyfpdk;c ] if;udkvnf;cHRrnf[krdefhawmfrl ./`a,mufsm; udkvnf;?xdktyif.toD;udkrpm; 17 R[k igy n wf a omf v nf;? oif o nf r,m; . pum; udkem; axmifIpm; rdaomau j miÙf?ar ] onf oif . t wG uf usd ef c ] if;udk cH vs uf RSd . /ar ] .

urBmOD;usrf;- 3〺18

18 19

toD;udkwoufywfvHk;yifyef;pGm pm; Rrnf/` ql;yiftr s d K;r s d K;wdkhudkvnf;oiftbdkhar ] aygufap rnf/v,fYz ] pfaom[if;oD;[if;RGufwdkhudkoif pm; Rrnf/`oifxGufRmar ] odkhry ] efrSDwdkifatmif? oif.rsufMSmrSac„;xGufvsuftpmudkpm; Rrnf/ tau j mif;rlum; ?oifonfar ] rÈefhz ] pfI?ar ] rÈefhodkh y ] efRrnf[krdefhawmfrl./ xdk t cgvl o nf rd rd r ,m; udk ?{~ t r nf z ] iÙf rSnfÙav./tau j mif;rlum; ?olonftoufRSif aomoltaygif;wdkh.trdz ] pfownf;/ xm ~ R t RS if bk Rm; o c if o nf v nf; ? vl vifr,m; bdkhom; aRz ] iÙf~wfvHkudkvkyfI~wfc »H apawmfrl./ xm~RtRSifbkRm; ocifuvnf;?vlonfig wdkhwGifwyg; yg; uJÙodkhz ] pfI?aumif;raumif;udkod wwf./,ckrSmolonfxm~RtoufudkRc ] if; iSg?vufudkqefhvsuftoufyif.toD;udk,lI rpm; oiÙf[krdefhawmfrlI?`vlonfrdrdxGufaom ar ] Y vk yf R r nf t a u j mif;?xm~R t RS if bk Rm; ocifonf?{'ifO,smOfxJuv…wfvdkufawmfrl ./`xdkodkhvludkMSifxkwfy ) D ;vsSif?toufyifvrf; udk apmiÙf a RSmuf a pc ] if;iSg?rD;p uf v uf e uf MS iÙf wuGac×kAdrfwdkhudkO,smOftaRS¶bufYxm; awmf rl./

2 3 4

5 6 7

8 - 9

um$eMSifhtmaAv

xdk a em uf ? vl tm 'H o nf r ,m; { ~ MS iÙf quf qH o z ] iÙf ?{~ o nf y#d o aM> pGJ ,l I ? um$eudkbGm; r ] ifvsSif?xm~RbkRm; .vl udkigR y ) D [kqdkav./`wzefolÑ nDtmaAvudk bGm; r ] if a v. / tma Av um; odk;xd ef;z ] pf . / um$eum; v,fvkyfaomolz ] pf./`tcsdefapÙ aomtcg?um$eonfxm~RbkRm; xHylaZmf ou U mbdkh ?ar ] t oD;udk aqmif cJÙ . /`tmaAv onfvnf;?rdrdodk;pkwGiftOD;bGm; aomom; tc s ¸d K MS iÙf ?odk;qD O udk aqmif cJÙ . /xm~ R bk Rm; o nf tmaAvMSiÙfol.ylaZmfou U mudkyrmEy _ awmf rl./`um$eMSiÙfol.ylaZmfou U mudkyrmEy _ awmfrrl/xdkau j miÙfum$eonftvGefpdwfqdk; Irs uf MSmys uf a v. /`xm~Rbk Rm; u v nf;? o if o nf t b ,f a u j m iÙf pd wf qdk; o e nf; / tb,fau j miÙfrsufMSmysufoenf;/`oifonf aumif;rGefpGmy _ vsSiftcGiÙfrRavm/aumif;rGefpGm ry _ vsSif?ty ] pfaz ] aom,ZfaumifonfwHcg; em;

urBmOD;usrf;- 4〺21

rSm~yfvsufRSd./olonfoif.tvdkodkhvdkufI? oifonfolÑudktkyfpdk;R.[kum$eudkrdefhawmf rl./ um$euvnf;v,fodkhoGm; u j ukeftHÙ[knD8 tmaAvudkac:I?v,fodkhaRmufaomtcg?nD tmaAvudkRefbufy _ Iowfav./`xm~R 9 bkRm; uvnf;?oiÙfnDtmaAvonftb,frSm RSdoenf;[k?um$eudkar;awmfrlvsSif?tu„Mfkyf rodyg/tu„MfkyfonfnDudkapmiÙfRaomolz ] pfyg oavm[kavsSmufqdk./`bkRm; ocifuvnf;?10 oifonftb,fodkhy _ y ) D ;oenf;/oiÙfnDtaoG; .toHonfar ] xJuighudkatmf[pfvsufRSdonf wum; /`odkhz ] pfIoiÙfnD.taoG;udkcH,lc ] if;iSg?11 rd rd y p yf udk zG iÙf a om ar ] u ( D ;. usd ef c ] if;udk oif onfcHRaomau j miÙf?`,ckrSpIar ] Yvkyfaom12 tcgyuwdtwdkif;toD;tMSHudkrRR/ar ] u ( D ;ay: rSmay ] ;R a omol ?tR yf R yf v nf R a omol z ] pf R vd rfÙ r nf [k rd efh a wmf rl . /` um$ e u v nf;?13 t u„ Mfk yf t y ] pf o nf r a z ] Mdk if a tm if u ( D ; yg o a vm / ` t u„ Mfk yf udk a r ] u ( D ; y ] if rS , a eh14 MSifxkwfawmfrly ) D ?rsufMSmawmfudkvnf;rr ] ifR/ ar ] u ( D ;ay:rSmay ] ;Raomol?tRyfRyfvnfRaom ol z ] pf yg R r nf / a wGË o rsS a om ol wdkh o nf tu„MfkyfudkowfygvdrfÙrnf[k?xm~RbkRm; udk avsSmufqdk./`xm~RbkRm; uvnf;?odkhz ] pfI15 um$ e udk o wf a omol r nf o nf um; ?ck e pf q aomt y ] pf ' Ef udk cH R vd rfÙ r nf [k rd efh a wmf rl y ) D ; vsS if ?um$ e udk awGË a omol wpHk w a ,muf rsS rowfapc ] if;iSg?xm~RbkRm; onfolYtrSwf ay;awmfrl./ um$eonfxm~RbkRm; xHawmfrSxGufoGm; 16 I?{'ify ] nftaRS¶?aem'y ] nfwGifaeav./`xdk17 tcgum$eonfrdrdr,m; MSiÙfqufqHoz ] iÙf?ol onf y#d o aM> pGJ ,l I ?om; { aemuf udk bGm; r ] if av./um$eonfvnf;r » dÑ udkwnfI?rdrdom; .t r nf t vdk uf ?xdk r » dÑ udk {aemuf r » dÑ [k ork wf av./`{aemufom; um; $R'f?$R'fom; um; 18 r [k a , v ? r [k a , v om; um; r ok RS v ? rokRSvom; um; vmrufwnf;/ vmrufonf?tm'MSiÙfZdvtrnfRSdaomrdef;r19 MSpfa,mufMSiÙftdrfaxmifbufy _ I?`tm'onf20 om; ,mAvudkbGm; r ] ifav./xdkom; um; ?wJY aea omol ?odk;MGm; p o nf wdkh udk arG;a omol wdkh .tbqRmz ] pfavownf;/`,kAvtrnfRSd21

THE NEW TESTAMENT IN BURMESE Translated by Rev. A. Judson, D.D.

a[A ) J ? a[voygVdawmfrS? r ] efrmbmomtm; z ] ifh qRm,k'\ef teufy ] efaom

ocifa,×ÈcRpf.

"r^opfusrf;

"r^opfusrf; 27 usrf;wdkh. trnfemrrsm; / RSifr\JcRpf~if

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RSifrmukcRpf~if

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RSifvkumcRpf~if

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RSifa,m[efcRpf~if wrefawmf~w ’ K aRmro j ~g'pm

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aumRd M}Ko j ~g'pmyXrapmif

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aumRd M}Ko j ~g'pm'kwd,apmif *vmwdo j ~g'pm

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a,m w

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

aRm

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

204

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

222

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

{

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

zdvdyµdo j ~g'pm

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

oufomavmedwfo j ~g'pmyXrapmif

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

oufomavmedwfo j ~g'pm'kwd,apmif wdarmaoo j ~g'pmyXrapmif

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

wdarmaoo j ~g'pm'kwd,apmif wdwko j ~g'pm

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

zdavrkefo j ~g'pm a[A )Jo j ~g'pm

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

145 186

1 aum

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

112

2 aum

{zufo j ~g'pm

aumavmoJo j ~g'pm

aum

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

234 240 246 251

1 ouf

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

255

2 ouf

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

259

1 wd

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

262

2 wd

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

267

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

270

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

zdav

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

a[A )J

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

274

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

287

RSif,mukyfo j ~g'pm

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

RSifayw×ko j ~g'pmyXrapmif

273

1 ay

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

291

RSifayw×ko j ~g'pm'kwd,apmif

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

2 ay

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

297

RSifa,m[efko j ~g'pmyXrapmif

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

1 a,m

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

300

2 a,m

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

305

3 a,m

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

306

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

307

Asm

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

308

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

RSifa,m[efko j ~g'pm'kwd,apmif

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

RSifa,m[efko j ~g'pmwwd,apmif RSif,k'o j ~g'pm Asm'dwfusrf;

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮〮

2 - 3

RSifr\JcRpf~if 1〺1

RSifr\JcRpf~if 2〺1

RSifr\JcRpf~if ocifa,×È.aqGawmfpOfr s d K;awmfqufrsm;

2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10 11

12 13 14 15 16

tmA ] [HMSiÙf'g~d'fwdkhrSqif;oufawmfrlaom a,×È cRpf .aqG awmf pOf r s d K; awmf quf pmRif;[l rl um; ?` $Zmuf / $Zmuf om; ,mukyf/,mukyfom; ,k'rSpInDaemifwpk/` ,k 'onf rd rd cif yG ef;wmrmwG if r ] if aomom; zmRufMSiÙfZmR/zmRufom; a[Z×kH /a[Z×kH om; tmRH/`tmRHom; trde'yf/trde'yfom; em×Èef/ em×È ef om; pmvrk ef /`pmvrk ef o nf rd rd c if yG ef; Rmcyf wG if r ] if a omom; aAmZ/aAmZonf rd rd cifyGef;×kowGifr ] ifaomom; o j Auf/o j Aufom; a,RSJ/a,RSJom; 'g~d'frif;u ( D ;wnf;/`'g~d'frif;u ( D ; onf ORd ,. c if yG ef;z ] pf bl;a omrd ef;rwG if r ] if aomom; aRSmvrkef/àRSmvrkefom; aRmaAmif/ aRmaAmif om; tbd , /tbd , om; tmo/` tmoom; a,mRSzwf/a,mRSzwfom; ,a[mRH/ ,a[mRHom; o j Zd/ò j Zdom; a,moH/a,moH om; tmcwf/tmcwfom; a[Zud/à[Zud om; rema RS /rema RS om; tmrk ef /tmrk ef om; a,mRSd/à,mRSdom; a,m,udrf/a,m,udrf onfAmAkvkefr » dÑ odkhaeRmay ] mif;cgeD;wGifr ] ifaom om; a,acgedrSpInDaemifwpkwnf;/ Am Ak vk ef r » dÑ odkh a e Rm a y ] m if; o nf a em uf ? a,acged om; RSmvaov/ RSmvaovom; aZ×kAaAv/àZ×kAaAvom; tA s K'f/tA s K'fom; {vsmudrf/{vsmudrfom; tmaZmf/`tmaZmfom; Zm'kwf/Zm'kwfom; tmcdrf/tmcdrfom; {vk'f/` { vk 'f om; { vm Zm / { vm Zm om; r \ ef / r\efom; ,mukyf/`,mukyfr ] ifaomom; um; ? rmRd.cifyGef;a,moyfwnf;/xdkrmRdonfcRpf [kac:a~:orkwfaoma,×È.r,fawmfz ] pf./ T odkh vsS if ? r s d K; p Of MG ,f q uf a yg if; um; ? tm A ] [H rS o nf 'g ~d 'f wdk if a tm if w q ,f av;quf ? 'g~d 'f rS onf AmAk vk ef r » dÑ odkh aeRm ay ] m if; o nf wdk if a tm if w q ,f a v; q uf ? AmAk vk ef r » dÑ odkh a y ] mif;y ) D ;rS onf cRpf awmf wdk if atmifwq,fav;qufz ] pfownf;/

a,moyfxHodkhaumif;uifwrefxifRSm; c ] if;

a,×È c R pf o nf bGm; r ] if c ] if;udk cH a wmf rl a om18 tau j mif;tRm[l rl um; ? r,f awmf rmRd o nf a,moyf MS iÙf xd rf;r ] m; a qmif MS if;I rRS uf wif rSD wGifoefhRSif;aom~dnmOfawmfau j miÙfy#doaM> pJG ae. /`ol . c if yG ef;a,mo yf o nf ol awmf19 a um if; z ] pf I ? rm Rd t o a R udk r ys uf a p cs if aomau j miÙfwdwfqdwfpGmpGefhy,frnf[ktu j H RSd ./`xdkodkhu j H pnfIaepOfwGiftdyfrufudkr ] ifR20 onfrSm?xm~RbkRm; .aumif;uifwrefonf xifRSm; I?'g~d'ftr s d K;a,moyf?oif.cifyGef;rmRd udk xd ef; od rf; R r nf t cG iÙf udk r pdk; Rd rf MS iÙf / T y#doaM>onfoefhRSif;aom~dnmOfawmfau j miÙf z ] pf./`om; a,mufsm; udkbGm; r ] ifvdrfÙrnf/xdk21 om; o nf rd rd vl wdkh ukd ty ] pf rS u ,f c„ wf r nf ol z ] pfaomau j miÙf?a,×È[laomtrnfz ] ifÙrSnfÙR rnf[kaumif;uifwrefqdk./ xdk tau j mif;tRmrl um; ?xm~Rbk Rm; o nf22 yaRmzufz ] iÙfxm; awmfrlaomAsm'dwfawmfy ] nfÙpHk r nf t a u j m if; w nf; / ` Asm 'd wf a wmf t cs uf23 [l rl um; u j nfÙ ×È a vmÙ /owdkh o rD;u nmo nf y#doaM>pJG,lIom; a,mufsm; udkbGm; r ] ifvwHÙ/ xdkom; udk{rmaMGvtrnfz ] ifÙrSnfÙRu j vwHÙ[k vmownf;/{rmaMGvteufum; ?igwdkhMSiÙftwl RSd awmf rl aombk Rm; ocif [k qdk vdk o w nf;/` a,moyfonftdyfaysmfRmrSMdk;vsSif?xm~RbkRm; 24 .aumif;uifwrefrSmxm; onftwdkif;y _ Irdrd cif yG ef;udk xd ef;od rf;a v. /` odkh a omf vnf;?25 om; OD;udkrbGm; rSDwdkifatmifoH~gory _ bJae./ xdkom; udkvnf;a,×È[laomtrnfz ] iÙfrSnfÙav ./ taRS¶y ] nfrSynmRSdrsm; aRmufRSdvmc ] if;

,k ' y ] nf A uf v if r » dÑ Y a [ ×k 'f r if; u ( D ; vuf xuf ?a,×È o nf bGm; r ] if c ] if;udk cH awmfrly ) D ;rS?rm*kynmRSdwdkhonftaRS¶y ] nf u a , ×k RS v if r » dÑ odkh a Rm uf vm u j vsS if ? `

RSifr\JcRpf~if 2〺2 2

5 6

7 8

4 - 5

,ckbGm; r ] ifaom,k'RSifbkRifonf?tb,frSm RSdawmfrloenf;/taRS¶y ] nfYol.u j ,fudkigwdkh r ] ifRonfz ] pfIzl;awGËylaZmfc ] if;iSgaRmufvmy ) D [k ar;r ] ef;ay ] mqdk u j ./` xdk pum; udk u j m; vsS if ? a [ ×k 'f r if; u ( D ; o nf a , ×k RS v if r » dÑ ol r » dÑ om; taygif;wdkhMSiÙfwuGpdwfylyefc ] if;odkhaRmufoz ] iÙf?` ,ZfykaRm[dwftu ( D ;wdkhMSiÙfvlwdkhwGifusrf;y _ qRm RSd o rsS wdkh udk pk a~;a pI ?cR pf a wmf udk tb ,f tRyfrSmbGm; r ] ifvdrfÙrnfenf;[kar;r ] ef;awmfrl ./` xdk qRmwdkh uvnf;? yaRmzuf wOD;a R; xm; aomtcsuf[lrlum; ?`tkd,k'y ] nfAufvif r » dÑ ? tpdk;Ra om,k 'r » dÑ wdkh wG if oif onf r » dÑ i,f r » dÑ ,k wf r [k wf / t a u j m if; rl um; ? ig . vl pk $oaRvtr s d K;udktkyfpdk;Raomocifonfoif .t xJ rSmay:xG ef;v wHÙ [k us rf;vmRSd yg. /xdk au j miÙf,k'y ] nfAufvifr » dÑ YcRpfawmfudkbGm; r ] ifRygrnf[krif;u ( D ;tm; y ] efu j m; avsSmufxm; u j ./ xdk tcga[×k 'f rif;u ( D ;onf ?rm*k ynmRSd wdkh ukd rx if r RSm; a c:I ?u j ,f a y:xG ef;a omtcsd ef umvudkapÙapÙar;r ] ef;y ) D ;rS?`oifwdkhoGm; Ixdk ol i ,f udk u º d ; pm; RSm u j yg / a wGË vsS if igh xH odkh y ] ef vmIigvnf;xdk ol i,f udk zl;awGË yl aZmf R atmif u j m; a y ] mu j yg[k rSmxm; awmf rl vs uf ? Auf vif r » dÑ odkh apv… wf av./`xdk ol wdkh onf rif;u ( D ;p um; udk emcH y ) D ;vsS if xG uf oGm; u j I ? t a RS¶ y ] nf Y r ] if R a om u j ,f o nf ol wdkh a RS¶ uoGm; o z ] iÙf ?ol i,f a wmf RSd Rmt Ryf tay:odkh aRmufIwnfvsufae./`xdku j ,fudkr ] ify ] ef aomt cgtvG ef ~ rf;ar ] muf ~ rf;omc ] if;RSd I ?` td rf odkh ~ if a v a omf ? r ,f a wmf rm Rd MS iÙf w uG ol i,f a wmf udk a wGË r ] if vsS if y ] yf ~ yf udk;uG ,f I ? rdrdwdkhbE @ mOpPmwdkhudkzGiÙfy ) D ;rSavmAefMSiÙfrkRef w nf; [l a om eHh om r s d K; udk ž if; ? a R… udk ž if; j ./`aemufrSa[×k'frif;u ( D ; qufuyfy l aZmfu xHodkhry ] efRrnftau j mif;tdyfrufwGifAsm'dwf awmf udk R I rd rd wdkh y ] nf odkh tc ] m; a omv rf;z ] iÙf y ] efoGm; u j ./

RSifr\JcRpf~if 2〺23

r,f a wmf MS iÙf ol i ,f a wmf udk aqmif ,l y ) D ;vsS if ? tJ *k w Ö Ky ] nf odkh a y ] ;I ?wz ef iga y ] mqdk o nf wdk if atmif xdk y ] nf Y a ea vmÙ /a[×k 'f r if;u ( D ;o nf oli,fawmfudkowftHÙaomiSgRSmvdrfÙrnf[kqdk av./`xdktcga,moyfonfxIr,fawmf14 MSiÙfoli,fawmfudknOfÙtcsdefYaqmif,ly ) D ;vsSif tJ*kw Ö Ky ] nfodkhxGufoGm; I?`a[×k'frif;u ( D ;tedpP15 aRmuf o nf wdk if a tmif xdk y ] nf Y a ea v. /T tau j mif;t Rmum; ?igh om; udk tJ *k w Ö Ky ] nf rS ig ac: cJÙy ) D [k xm~RbkRm; onf yaRmzufz ] iÙfxm; awmfrlaomAsm'dwfawmfy ] nfÙpHkrnftau j mif; wnf;/ xdk tcga[×k 'f rif;u ( D ;onf rm*k ynmRSd wdkh16 vSnfÙz ] m; onfudkodvsSif?y ] if;pGmtrsufxGufI vl udk a pv… wf o z ] iÙf ? rm*k y nmRSd wdkh Y apÙ a pÙ ar;r ] ef;y ) D ;aomu j ,f.tcsdefumvudkaxmufI? Aufvifr » dÑ rSpaomaus;vufRSdorsSwdkhYMSpfMSpf tRG,frSpI?xdktRG,fatmuf,kwfaomoli,f a,mufsm; taygif;wdkhudkowfap./`yaRmzuf17 a,Rrda[mbl;onfum; ?`RmrtRyfYonf;pGm18 aomnnf;wGm; idkau = G ;r ] nfwrf;c ] if;toHudku j m; RI?Rmacvonfrdrdom; wdkhrRSdaomau j miÙfidkI pdwfray ] Mdkif[laompum; onfxdktcgYtrSef usownf;/ emZRufr » dÑ odkhocifa,×È y ] efvnfu = G vmawmfrlc ] if;

a [ ×k 'f r if; u ( D ; t ed pP a Rm uf o nf a em uf ?19 a,moyfonftJ*kw Ö Ky ] nfYtdyfrufudkr ] ify ] ef onfrSm?xm~RbkRm; .aumif;uifwrefonf 11 xifRSm; I?`oifxavmÙ/r,fawmfMSiÙfoli,fawmf20 udk aqmif ,l y ) D ;vsS if ?$o a Rvwdk if;odkh oGm; avmÙ/oli,fawmfudkowftHÙaomiSgRSmaomol wdkh o nf a o u j y ) D [k qdk a v . / ` xdk t cg21 12 a,moyfonfxIr,fawmfMSiÙfoli,fawmfudk a qm if ,l y ) D ; vsS if ? $ o a R v wdk if; odkh oGm; I aRmuf o nf RSd a omf ?`a[×k 'f r if;u ( D ;. t RmY22 om; a wmf tma cv o nf ,k ' y ] nf wG if rif;y _ au j m if; udk u j m; R vsS if ? xdk y ] nf odkh r oGm; ~HÙ I tJ*kw Ö Ky ] nfodkh tdyfrufY Asm'dwfawmfudkRy ] efy ) D ;rS*gvdvJy ] nf xGufay ] ;vGwfar ] mufc ] if; odkhoGm; I ?`cRpfa wmf udk emZRufvl[k ac:a ~: 23 13 xdk ol wdkh oGm ; u j o nf a emuf ? a,mo yf o nf u j v wHÙ [l a om ya Rmz uf wdkh . MÈ wf xG uf MS iÙf td yf r uf udk r ] if o nf rSm ? xm ~ R bk Rm; . tnD?emZRuftrnfRSdaomr » dÑ odkhaRmufItr )J aumif;uifwrefonfxifRSm; I?oifxavmÙ/ aeav./

Asm'dwfusrf; 20〺5

650 - 651

325

MÈwfuywfawmfau j miÙf?vnfyif;z ] wfc ] if;udkcHR aomolwdkh.~dnmOfrsm; udkigr ] if./olwdkhonf toufRSifI tMSpfwaxmifywfvHk;cRpfawmf 5 MSiÙftwlpdk;pHR u j ./`u = G if;aomvlaowdkhonf xdktMSpfwaxmifrukefrDStoufrRSifR u j /T x a r ] m uf c ] if; um; ? y X r x a r ] m uf c ] if; z ] pf 6 ownf;/`yXrxar ] mufc ] if;udk~ifpm; aomol onfr*FvmRSdaomol?oefhRSif;aomolz ] pf./xdk odkh a om ol o nf 'k wd , a o c ] if; . v uf MS iÙf uif;vG wf vs uf ?bk Rm; o c if . , Zf yk aRm[d wf ? c R pf a wmf . , Zf yk a Rm [d wf z ] pf I ? t MS pf waxmifywfvHk;cRpfawmfMSiÙftwlpdk;pHRu j vdrfÙ rnf/ pmwefy ] pf'EfpDRifcHRc ] if;

xdktMSpfwaxmifukefy ) D ;rS?pmwefonfaxmif 8 xJuvGwfaomtcGiÙfudkRI?`taRtwGuftm ; z ] iÙfork'<RmoJvHk;MSiÙftrsSrsm; aoma*g*?rma*g* wnf;[laomar ] u ( D ;av;rsufMSmay:rSmaeaom vltr s d K;r s d K;wdkhudkvSnfÙz ] m; tHÙaomiSgžif;?ppfwdkuf 9 bdkhpnf;a~;apc ] if;iSgžif;wufvdrfÙrnf/`xdkol rsm; wdkhonfar ] u ( D ;rsufMSmay:odkhwufI?oefhRSif; olwdkh.wyfudkžif;?cspfbG,faomr » dÑ awmfudkžif;? ~dk if; u j . / xdk t cg bk Rm; o c iÙf t xH a wmf ? 10 aumif;uifrSrD;u s Iolwdkhudkr s d Kav./`olwdkh udkvSnfÙz ] m; aomrmRfewfudkvnf;?om; RJMSiÙfrdpQm yaRmzufRSdRm?uefhMSiÙfaRmaMSmaomrD;tdkifxJodkh csypfvsSif?olwdkhonfaehnOfÙry ] wfurBmtquf qufy ] if;pGmaoma~'emudkcHRu j vwHÙ/ 7

aovGefolrsm; wRm; pDRifcHRc ] if;

wz ef wHk ?z ] La omy v ˆ if u ( D ;udk ž if;?yv ˆ if a y:rSm xdkifawmfrlaomoludkžif;igr ] if./aumif;uifMSiÙf ar ] u ( D ;onfrsufMSmawmfaRS¶rSay ] ;vGiÙfIolwdkhae 12 pRmtRyfrRSd/`aovGefaomoltu ( D ;ti,fwdkh onfyv ˆ ifawmfaRS¶rSmRyfaeu j onfudkigr ] if ./pma pmif rsm; udk zG iÙf xm; . /to uf pma pmif wnf;[laomtc ] m; wyg; aompmapmifudkvnf; zGiÙfav./aovGefaomolwdkhonfrdrdwdkhtusiÙf twdk if;?pma pmif wdkh Y a R;xm; cs uf rsm; MS iÙf t nD 13 wRm ; pDRifc ] if;udkcHRu j ./`ork'<RmonfrdrdY RSdaomvlaowdkhudktyfay;./rREmMSiÙfrREm MdkifiHonfvnf;rdrdwdkhYRSdaomvlaowdkhudktyf 11

Asm'dwfusrf; 21〺8

ay;u j . /vl t oD;t oD;wdkh o nf rd rd wdkh t us iÙf twdk if;wRm; pD R if c ] if;ukd cH R u j . /`xdk t cg14 rREmMSiÙfrREmMdkifiHudkrD;tdkifxJodkhcsypfav./ xdk a oc ] if;um; 'k wd , a oc ] if;z ] pf o w nf;/` toufpmapmifYpmRif;r~ifaomolRSdorsSwdkhudk15 vnf;rD;tdkifxJodkhcsypfav./

a,×kRSvifr _ dh opf

aumif;uifopfMSiÙfar ] u ( D ;opfudkvnf; igr ] if./tb,fodkhenf;[lrlum; ?aRS; aumif;uifMSiÙfaRS;ar ] u ( D ;onfaRG¸oGm; u j y ) D /xdktcgrSpIork'<RmrRSd/òefhRSif;aomr » dÑ 2 wnf;[laoma,×kRSvifr » dÑ opfonfrdrdcifyGef; bdkh wef qmq if a om r*F vma qmif owdkh o rD; uJÙ odkh y ] if q if vs uf ? bk Rm; o ciÙf t xH a wmf ? aumif;u if bHk rS q if;o uf o nf udk igr ] if . /` aumif;u if rS u ( D ;a omt oH um; ?bk Rm; o c if .3 wJ awmf o nf vl wdkh wG if RSd . / vl wdkh MS iÙf t wl usdef;~yfawmfrlrnf/olwdkhonfudk,fawmf.vl z ] pfu j vdrfÙrnf/bkRm; ocifonfudk,fawmfwdkif olwdkhMSiÙftwlRSdaeIolwdkh.bkRm; ocifz ] pfawmf rl r nf / ` bk Rm; o c if o nf ol wdkh . rs uf pd Y4 rs uf Rnf RSd o rsS wdkh udk ok wf a wmf rl r nf /aemuf wzef aoa b;r RSd R /pd wf r omn nf;wGm; c ] if;? atmf[pfc ] if;?yifyef;c ] if;vnf;rRSdR/tau j mif; rlum; ?aRS;z ] pfbl;aomtRmwdkhonfaRG¸oGm; u j y ) D /`yv ˆ if a wmf a y:rSmxdk if a wmf rl a omol u5 vnf;?igo nf cyf od rf;a omt Rmwdkh udk to pf zefqif;onf[krdefhawmfrl./wzefwHk?aR;xm; avmÙ/Tpum; onfopPmpum; ?[kwfrSefaom pum; z ] pf.[lIžif;?`trÈy ) D ;y ) D /igonftmvz6 z ] pf./ÓarCvnf;z ] pf./tpMSiÙftqHk;vnf; z ] pf . / aRiwf a omol tm; touf p rf;a Rudk tbdk;r ,l bJ ig ay;r nf /àtmif r ] if a omol7 onfTtRmwdkhudktarGcHRvdrfÙrnf/igonfol .bkRm; ocifz ] pfrnf/olonfvnf;ig.om; z ] pf vdrfÙrnf/àu j mufwwfaomol?r,Hku j nfaom8 ol ? puf qk yf RGH RSmbG ,f a omol ? vl t o uf udk owfaomol?rwRm; aomarxkefYrSD~Jaomol? y _ pm; w wf a omol ?×k yf wk udk udk;uG ,f a omol ? o pPm ys uf a om ol t a yg if; wdkh rl um; ? 'k wd , aoc ] if;wnf;[laomuefhMSiÙfavmifaomrD;tdkif xJYrdrdwdkhtbdkhudkRu j vdrfÙrnf[lIžif;ightm; rdefhawmfrl./

Asm'dwfusrf; 21〺9

652 - 653

326

a,×kRSvifr » dÑ opf 9

11 12

15 16 17

18 19

aemuf qHk;a oma b;' Ef ck e pf yg; MS iÙf y ] nfÙ a om zvm; ck e pf vHk;udk a qmif a omaumif;u if w r ef ckepfyg; wGifwyg; onfvmy ) D ;vsSif?ighudkMÈwfquf I?vmcJÙ yg/odk;o i ,f . c if yG ef;w nf;[l a om r*F vma qmif o wdkh o rD;udk igy ] r nf [k ay ] mqdk vsuf?`u ( D ;r ] iÙfaomawmifodkh~dnmOfawmftm; z ] iÙfighudkaqmifoGm; IoefhRSif;aoma,×kRSvifr » dÑ onf bk Rm; o c if . bk ef;awmf MS iÙf y ] nfÙ pHk vs uf ? bk Rm; o c iÙf t xH a wmf ?aumif;u if bHk rS qif; oufonfudkightm; y ] av./`xdkr » dÑ .taRmif t~gonf?ausmufovif;e*g; oGJËuJÙodkh?tr ] wf qHk;aomausmufrsufrGefMSiÙfwl./`u ( D ;r ] iÙfaom r » dÑ ×kd ;v nf; RSd . / ta RS¶ b uf Y wH cg; oHk;a yguf ? ar ] mufbufYoHk;ayguf?awmifbufYoHk;ayguf? taemufbufYoHk;ayguf?wHcg; wq,fMSpfayguf RSd . /`xdk wH cg; w q ,f MS pf a yguf Y aumif;u if wrefwq,fMSpfyg; RSd./$oaRvtr s d K;wq,f MSpfr s d K;.emrwdkhonfxdkwHcg; ay:YaR;xm; vsuf RSd./`r » dÑ ×kd ;tr ] pfonfwq,fMSpfxyfRSd./odk; oi,f.wrefawmfwq,fMSpfyg; .emrwdkhonf r » dÑ ×kd ;tr ] pfay:YaR;xm; vsufRSdu j ./ igMSiÙfpum; ay ] maomolonf?r » dÑ udkžif;?wHcg; wdkh udk ž if;?r » dÑ ×kd ;udk ž if;wdk if;c ] if;iSg?wkd if;p Rm aR… usLvHk;yg./`r » dÑ onfpwkRef;av;axmiÙfz ] pf./ xdk ol o nf usL vHk; MS iÙf r » dÑ udk wdk if; I r » dÑ . t eH ? tvsm; ?tr ] iÙf?,lZemwRmMSpfq,fpDRSd./`r » dÑ ×kd ; 'kudkwdkif;I?vltawmifuJÙodkhaomaumif;uif wreftawmiftm; z ] iÙf?wRm av;q,f av; awmifRSd./`r » dÑ ×kd ;udk,fonfe*g; oGJËausmufz ] pf ./r » dÑ o nf v nf;u j nf v if a omz ef MS iÙf wl a om aR… pif z ] pf . /`r » dÑ ×kd ;t r ] pf wdkh o nf ausmuf r ] wf tr s d K;r s d K;MS iÙf y ] nfÙ pHk u j . /yXr t r ] pf um; e*g; oGJË z ] pf./'kwd,tr ] pfum; eDvm?wwd,tr ] pfum; r[l Rm?pwk w ’ t r ] pf um; r ] ?`yOၬ rt r ] pf um; au j mif ? qXr tr ] pf um; ausmuf eD ? ow Ö r tr ] pf um; c×k ok vd wf ?tØr t r ] pf um; rs uf RGJ ? e~rtr ] pfum; O\zRm; ?'ortr ] pfum; c×k ok y ] wf ?{u' o r t r ] pf um; ~Sgud M}K?'Gg' or tr ] pf um; a*:rk wf z ] pf o wnf;/` wH cg; RG uf wq,f MS pf RG uf t oD;t oD;wdkh o nf yk vJ w y ] m; pD z ] iÙf y ) D ;I yk vJ w q,f MS pf y ] m; z ] pf u j . /r » dÑ v rf;r onf u j nf v if a omz ef uJÙ odkh a omaR… p if z ] pf ./`r » dÑ xJ Y Ad rmef a wmf udk igr r ] if /ta u j mif;

Asm'dwfusrf; 22〺7

rlum; ?teMWwefcdk;MSiÙfy ] nfÙpHkawmfrlaomxm~R tRSifbkRm; ocifMSiÙfodk;oi,fonfxdkr » dÑ .Adrmef z ] pf a wmf rl . /`xdk r » dÑ o nf ae. t a Rmif ?v.23 taRmif udk tvdk r RSd /ta u j mif;rl um; ?bk Rm; ocif.bkef;awmfonfxdkr » dÑ udkvif;ap./odk; oi,fonfvnf;xdkr » dÑ .qDrD;z ] pf./`vltr s d K;r s d K;24 wdkh o nf xdk r » dÑ . t v if;udk trSD y _ I oGm; vmu j vdrfÙrnf/avmuDRSifbkRifwdkhonfvnf;rdrdwdkh bkef;toaRudkxdkr » dÑ xJodkhaqmifcJÙu j vdrfÙrnf/` r » dÑ wHcg; wdkhudkaehtcsdefYtvsSif;rydwfwwf/nOfÙ25 rl um; rRSd /` vl t r s d K;r s d K;wdkh o nf rd rd wdkh bk ef;26 toaRudk xdk r » dÑ xJ odkh aqmif cJÙ u j vd rfÙ r nf /` npf nL; a omt Rm? puf qk yf bG ,f a omt Rm?27 o pPm ys uf a om t Rm w pHk w ck rsS r ~ if R bJ ? odk;oi,f.toufpmapmifYpmRif;~ifaomol wdkhomvsSif~ifR./

toufaRpD;Rmr ] pf

wz ef ? ausmuf o v if;uJÙ odkh u j nf vif I ? bk Rm; o c if MS iÙf odk;o i ,f . yv ˆ if a wmf xJ u xG uf a om?to uf aRpD;Rmr ] pf udk aumif;u if w r ef o nf igh tm; y ] av./`r » dÑ vrf;rtv,fYžif;?xdkr ] pfMSpfbuf2 Yžif;toufyifRSd./xdktoufyifonftoD; wq,fMSpfr s d K;udkoD;wwf./rdrdtoD;udkvnf; vwdkif;ay;wwf./tRGufonfvnf;vltr s d K;r s d K; wdkh.temaRm*gi ) d rf;pRmbdkhz ] pf./`aemufwzef3 usdefc ] if;ab;wpHkwckrsSrRSd/xdkr » dÑ YbkRm; ocif MSiÙfodk;oi,f.yv ˆ ifawmfRSdI?bkRm; ocif.u„ef wdkh o nf bk Rm; ~ wf udk y _ u j vd rfÙ r nf /`rs uf MSm4 awmfudkr ] ifRI?olwdkhezl;Yvnf;emrawmfaR; xm; vsufRSdvdrfÙr nf/`xdkr » dÑ YnOfÙrRSdR/qDrD;udk5 t vdk r RSd / a e . t a Rm if udk v nf; t vdk r RSd / tau j mif;rl um; ?xm~ R t RS if bk Rm; o cif o nf olwdkhYaRmifc ] nfawmfudkv…wfawmfrlI?olwdkh onfurBmtqufqufpdk;pHRu j vwHÙ/ ocifa,×Èu = G vmawmÙrnf

aumif;u if w r ef u v nf;? Tp um; o nf6 o pPm p um; ? [k wf rS ef a om p um; z ] pf . / y a Rm z uf wdkh . ~d nm Of udk t pdk; R a om xm ~ R tRSifbkRm; ocifonf?umvru j mrr ] iÙfrSDz ] pfR rnftrÈtRmrsm; udkrdrdu„efwdkhtm; y ] apc ] if;iSg? aumif;uifwrefawmfudkapv…wfawmfrly ) D /`ig7

Asm'dwfusrf; 22〺8

13 14 15

654 - 655

327

onf tvs if t r ] ef vmr nf / Tpma pmif . tem*w Ö d p um; udk apmiÙf a RSmuf a omol o nf r*FvmRSd.[kay ] mqdk./ìga,m[efonfT tRmrsm; udku j m; r ] if./u j m; r ] ify ) D ;vsSif?xdktRm rsm; udk y ] a om a um if; u if w r ef . a c ] R if; Y udk;uG,ftÙHaomiSgy ] yf~yf./òluvnf;?ry _ ygMS iÙf /igum; ?oif . vk yf a bmf a qmif b uf z ] pf ./oif.tpfudkyaRmzufwdkhMSiÙfTpmapmif. pum; udk apmiÙf a RSmuf a omol wdkh . vk yf a bmf a qm if b uf v nf; z ] pf . / bk Rm; o c if udk ukd;uG,favmÙ[kay ] mqdk./ wz ef wHk ? igh tm; rd efh a wmf rl o nf um; ? T pmapmif . t em* w Ö d p um; udk wH qd yf r c wf MS iÙf / tau j mif;rl um; ?umv t csd ef a Rmuf vk eD;y ) D ?` rwRm; a omol o nf rw Rm; o z ] iÙf y _ a pOD;/ npfnL; aomolonfnpfnL; apOD;/az ] miÙfrwf aomolonfaz ] miÙfrwfapOD;/oefhRSif;aomol onfoefhRSif;apOD;/ìgonftvsiftr ] efvm rnf/igonftu s d K;ty ] pfudkaqmifcJÙonfz ] pfI? vltoD;toD;wdkhtm; rdrdwdkhtusiÙftwdkif;qyf ay;rnf/ìgonftmvzz ] pf./ÓarCvnf; z ] pf./tOD;qHk;aomol?aemufqHk;aomolz ] pf./ tpMSiÙftqHk;vnf;z ] pf./`toufyifMSiÙfqdkifI? r » dÑ wHcg; twGif;odkh~iftHÙaomiSgynwfawmfwdkhudk usiÙfaomolwdkhonfr*FvmRSdu j ./`y ] ifYum; ? acG;z ] pfaomol?y _ pm; wwfaomol?rwRm; aom

Asm'dwfusrf; 22〺21

arxkefY rSD~Jaomol?vlt oufudk owfaom ol?×kyfwkudkudk;uG,faomol?opPmys ufc ] if;udk MSpfoufIy _ aomoltaygif;wdkhonfRSdu j ./`ig16 a,×Èonf?toif;awmfwdkhtbdkhTtRmrsm; udk oifwdkhtm; oufaocHapc ] if;iSg?ig.aumif;uif wrefudkapv…wf./igonfum; ?'g~d'f.tr ] pf z ] pf . /tMG ,f v nf;z ] pf . /xG ef;a wmuf a om rdkCf;aomufu j ,fvnf;z ] pf./`~dnmOfawmfMSiÙf17 r*FvmaqmifowdkhorD;u?vmcJÙyg[kqdku j ./ u j m; aomoluvnf;?vmcJÙyg[kqdkygap?aRiwf aomol o nf vmyga p/ tvdk RSd a omol o nf tbdk;udkray;bJtoufaRudk,lygap/ Tpmapmif.tem*w Ö d pum; udku j m; aomol18 taygif;wdkhtm; igoufaocHonfum; ?tu j ifol onf Tt Rmwdkh Y xyf I to pf oG if;. / T pmapmifYaR;xm; aomab;'Efwdkhudkxdkoltay: odkh bk Rm; o c if ouf a Rmuf a pa wmf rl r nf /` tu j if ol o nf Tpma pmif . tem* w Ö d p um; 19 tc s ¸d KudkMÈwfy,f.?TpmapmifYaR;xm; aom touf y if MS iÙf ž if;?oefh RS if;a omr » dÑ a wmf MS iÙf ž if;? xkdolpyfqkdifaomtcGiÙfudk bkRm; ocifMÈwfy,f awmfrlrnf/`igonftvsiftr ] efvmrnfrSef20 ay.[k?`TtRmrsm; udkoufaocHaomolrdefh21 awmf rl . ?tmr if /oc if a ,×È u = G vma wmf rl yg/ igwdkhocifa,×ÈcRpf.aus;Zl;awmfonfoefhRSif; oltaygif;wdkhYRSdapownf;/

"r^opfusrf;wdkhwGifaemufqHk;usrf;wnf;[laomRSifa,m[efpDRifaR;xm; aom Asm'dwfusrf;y ) D ;./

ISBN 978 1 906389 44 4